Coding Mix

My first 2D game in C++ using Direct3D

noreply@blogger.com (Csabi) — Fri, 10 Dec 2010 12:54:38 PST

This is my first 2D game. It`s written in C++ using DirectX9 (Direct3D and DirectInput). This is a very simple Snake game. At the beginning the snake is only 1 square long and when it "eats" the target it`s length is encreased by 1 square. The snake can have a maximum of 20 squares long (each square is 20px), after it reaches this maximum length the snake is moving faster and faster. If the head of the snake hit`s it`s tail the game is over:

And here is the source-code:

#include <Windows.h>
#include <WindowsX.h>
#include <d3d9.h>
#include <d3dx9.h>
#include <dinput.h>
#include <ctime>

#pragma comment(lib,"d3d9.lib");
#pragma comment(lib,"d3dx9.lib");
#pragma comment(lib,"dinput8.lib");
#pragma comment(lib,"dxguid.lib");

LPDIRECT3D9 d3d;
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 d3ddev;
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 buffer=NULL;
LPDIRECTINPUT8 dinput;
LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE8 keyboard;
BYTE buttons[256];
ID3DXFont *m_font;

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd,
UINT message,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam);
void initialized3d(HWND hWnd);
void renderframe(void);
void cleand3d(void);
void graphics(void);
void initializedinput(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HWND hWnd);
void getkey(void);
void cleandinput(void);

struct VERTEX {
FLOAT X, Y, Z, RHW;
DWORD COLOR;
};

#define FVF (D3DFVF_XYZRHW | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE)

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow){
WNDCLASSEX windowclass;
ZeroMemory(&windowclass,sizeof(WNDCLASSEX));

windowclass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
windowclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
windowclass.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
windowclass.hInstance = hInstance;
windowclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL,IDC_ARROW);
windowclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)COLOR_WINDOW;
windowclass.lpszClassName = L"WindowClass";

RegisterClassEx(&windowclass);
HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL,
L"WindowClass",
L"Snake - www.codingmix.com",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
600,
200,
636,
478,
NULL,
NULL,
hInstance,
NULL);
ShowWindow(hWnd,
nCmdShow);
initialized3d(hWnd);
initializedinput(hInstance,
hWnd);
MSG message;
while(TRUE){
while(PeekMessage(&message,
NULL,
0,
0,
PM_REMOVE)){
TranslateMessage(&message);
DispatchMessage(&message);
}
if(message.message == WM_QUIT){
break;
}
getkey();
graphics();
renderframe();
}
cleand3d();
cleandinput();
}

void initialized3d(HWND hWnd){
d3d = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
ZeroMemory(&d3dpp,sizeof(d3dpp));

d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hWnd;

d3d->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,
hWnd,
D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
&d3dpp,
&d3ddev);
D3DXCreateFont(d3ddev,
50,
0,
FW_BOLD,
0,
FALSE,
DEFAULT_CHARSET,
OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS,
DEFAULT_QUALITY,
DEFAULT_PITCH | FF_DONTCARE,
TEXT("Arial"),
&m_font );
}

void initializedinput(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HWND hWnd){
DirectInput8Create(hInstance,
DIRECTINPUT_VERSION,
IID_IDirectInput8,
(void**)&dinput,
NULL);
dinput->CreateDevice(GUID_SysKeyboard,
&keyboard,
NULL);
keyboard->SetDataFormat(&c_dfDIKeyboard);
keyboard->SetCooperativeLevel(hWnd,
DISCL_NONEXCLUSIVE | DISCL_FOREGROUND);
}

int verticesnr = 132;
int trianglesnr = 44;
bool left = false;
bool right = false;
bool up = true;
bool down = false;
float posy = 220.0f;
float posx = 280.0f;
bool target = false;
float random1;
float random2;
float newpos[][2] = {
{-20.0f, -20.0f},
{-20.0f, -20.0f},
{-20.0f, -20.0f},
{-20.0f, -20.0f},
{-20.0f, -20.0f},
{-20.0f, -20.0f},
{-20.0f, -20.0f},
{-20.0f, -20.0f},
{-20.0f, -20.0f},
{-20.0f, -20.0f},
{-20.0f, -20.0f},
{-20.0f, -20.0f},
{-20.0f, -20.0f},
{-20.0f, -20.0f},
{-20.0f, -20.0f},
{-20.0f, -20.0f},
{-20.0f, -20.0f},
{-20.0f, -20.0f},
{-20.0f, -20.0f},
{-20.0f, -20.0f},
};
int squares = 0;
bool gameover = false;
int col1 = 0;
int col2 = 255;
int currentframe = 0;
int speed = 30;
void graphics(void){
static int framenr = 0;
framenr++;
if(framenr % speed == 0 && !gameover){
if(squares > 0){
for(int i=squares-1;i>0;i--){
newpos[i][0] = newpos[i-1][0];
newpos[i][1] = newpos[i-1][1];
}
newpos[0][0] = posx;
newpos[0][1] = posy;
}
if(up){
posy -= 20.0f;
}
else if(down){
posy += 20.0f;
}
else if(left){
posx -= 20.0f;
}
else{
posx += 20.0f;
}
for(int i=0;i<=squares;i++){
for(int y=0;y<=squares;y++){
if(newpos[i][0] == newpos[y][0] && newpos[i][1] == newpos[y][1] && i != y){
gameover = true;
}
}
if(posx == newpos[i][0] && posy == newpos[i][1]){
gameover = true;
}
}
if(posx == random1 && posy == random2){
target = false;
if(squares > 19 && squares > 0){
speed--;
}
else{
if(squares == 0){
newpos[0][0] = posx;
newpos[0][1] = posy;
}
else{
newpos[squares][0] = newpos[squares-1][0];
newpos[squares][1] = newpos[squares-1][1];
}
squares++;
}
}
for(int i=0;i<squares;i++){
if(newpos[i][0] > 600){
newpos[i][0]-=620;
}
else if(newpos[i][0] < 0){
newpos[i][0]+=620;
}
else if(newpos[i][1] > 420){
newpos[i][1]-=440;
}
else if(newpos[i][1] < 0){
newpos[i][1]+=440;
}
}
if(posx > 600){
posx-=620;
}
else if(posx < 0){
posx+=620;
}
else if(posy > 420){
posy-=440;
}
else if(posy < 0){
posy+=440;
}
currentframe = 0;
}
else if(framenr % 20 == 0 && gameover){
if(col1 == 255){
col1 = 0;
col2 = 255;
}
else{
col1 = 255;
col2 = 0;
}
}
if(buttons[DIK_LEFT] & 0x80 && right == false && currentframe == 0){
left = true;
up = false;
down = false;
currentframe = 1;
}
else if(buttons[DIK_RIGHT] & 0x80 && left == false && currentframe == 0){
right = true;
up = false;
down = false;
currentframe = 1;
}
else if(buttons[DIK_UP] & 0x80 && down == false && currentframe == 0){
up = true;
left = false;
right = false;
currentframe = 1;
}
else if(buttons[DIK_DOWN] & 0x80 && up == false && currentframe == 0){
down = true;
left = false;
right = false;
currentframe = 1;
}
if(!target){
srand((unsigned)time(0));
random1 = (rand() % 30) * 20.0f;
random2 = (rand() % 22) * 20.0f;
target = true;
}
VERTEX vertices[] = {
//Target
{random1 + 10.0f, random2, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 0, 0),},
{random1 + 20.0f, random2 + 10.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 0, 0),},
{random1, random2 + 10.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 0, 0),},
{random1, random2 + 10.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 0, 0),},
{random1 + 20.0f, random2 + 10.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 0, 0),},
{random1 + 10.0f, random2 + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 0, 0),},
//Head
{posx , posy, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{posx + 20.0f, posy, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{posx, posy + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{posx, posy + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{posx + 20.0f, posy, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{posx + 20.0f, posy + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
//Square 1
{newpos[0][0] , newpos[0][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[0][0] + 20.0f, newpos[0][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[0][0], newpos[0][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[0][0], newpos[0][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[0][0] + 20.0f, newpos[0][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[0][0] + 20.0f, newpos[0][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
//Square 2
{newpos[1][0] , newpos[1][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[1][0] + 20.0f, newpos[1][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[1][0], newpos[1][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[1][0], newpos[1][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[1][0] + 20.0f, newpos[1][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[1][0] + 20.0f, newpos[1][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
//Square 3
{newpos[2][0] , newpos[2][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[2][0] + 20.0f, newpos[2][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[2][0], newpos[2][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[2][0], newpos[2][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[2][0] + 20.0f, newpos[2][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[2][0] + 20.0f, newpos[2][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
//Square 4
{newpos[3][0] , newpos[3][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[3][0] + 20.0f, newpos[3][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[3][0], newpos[3][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[3][0], newpos[3][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[3][0] + 20.0f, newpos[3][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[3][0] + 20.0f, newpos[3][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
//Square 5
{newpos[4][0] , newpos[4][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[4][0] + 20.0f, newpos[4][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[4][0], newpos[4][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[4][0], newpos[4][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[4][0] + 20.0f, newpos[4][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[4][0] + 20.0f, newpos[4][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
//Square 6
{newpos[5][0] , newpos[5][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[5][0] + 20.0f, newpos[5][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[5][0], newpos[5][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[5][0], newpos[5][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[5][0] + 20.0f, newpos[5][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[5][0] + 20.0f, newpos[5][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
//Square 7
{newpos[6][0] , newpos[6][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[6][0] + 20.0f, newpos[6][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[6][0], newpos[6][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[6][0], newpos[6][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[6][0] + 20.0f, newpos[6][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[6][0] + 20.0f, newpos[6][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
//Square 8
{newpos[7][0] , newpos[7][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[7][0] + 20.0f, newpos[7][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[7][0], newpos[7][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[7][0], newpos[7][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[7][0] + 20.0f, newpos[7][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[7][0] + 20.0f, newpos[7][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
//Square 9
{newpos[8][0] , newpos[8][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[8][0] + 20.0f, newpos[8][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[8][0], newpos[8][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[8][0], newpos[8][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[8][0] + 20.0f, newpos[8][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[8][0] + 20.0f, newpos[8][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
//Square 10
{newpos[9][0] , newpos[9][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[9][0] + 20.0f, newpos[9][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[9][0], newpos[9][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[9][0], newpos[9][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[9][0] + 20.0f, newpos[9][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[9][0] + 20.0f, newpos[9][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
//Square 11
{newpos[10][0] , newpos[10][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[10][0] + 20.0f, newpos[10][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[10][0], newpos[10][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[10][0], newpos[10][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[10][0] + 20.0f, newpos[10][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[10][0] + 20.0f, newpos[10][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
//Square 12
{newpos[11][0] , newpos[11][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[11][0] + 20.0f, newpos[11][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[11][0], newpos[11][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[11][0], newpos[11][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[11][0] + 20.0f, newpos[11][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[11][0] + 20.0f, newpos[11][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
//Square 13
{newpos[12][0] , newpos[12][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[12][0] + 20.0f, newpos[12][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[12][0], newpos[12][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[12][0], newpos[12][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[12][0] + 20.0f, newpos[12][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[12][0] + 20.0f, newpos[12][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
//Square 14
{newpos[13][0] , newpos[13][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[13][0] + 20.0f, newpos[13][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[13][0], newpos[13][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[13][0], newpos[13][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[13][0] + 20.0f, newpos[13][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[13][0] + 20.0f, newpos[13][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
//Square 15
{newpos[14][0] , newpos[14][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[14][0] + 20.0f, newpos[14][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[14][0], newpos[14][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[14][0], newpos[14][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[14][0] + 20.0f, newpos[14][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[14][0] + 20.0f, newpos[14][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
//Square 16
{newpos[15][0] , newpos[15][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[15][0] + 20.0f, newpos[15][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[15][0], newpos[15][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[15][0], newpos[15][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[15][0] + 20.0f, newpos[15][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[15][0] + 20.0f, newpos[15][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
//Square 17
{newpos[16][0] , newpos[16][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[16][0] + 20.0f, newpos[16][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[16][0], newpos[16][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[16][0], newpos[16][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[16][0] + 20.0f, newpos[16][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[16][0] + 20.0f, newpos[16][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
//Square 18
{newpos[17][0] , newpos[17][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[17][0] + 20.0f, newpos[17][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[17][0], newpos[17][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[17][0], newpos[17][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[17][0] + 20.0f, newpos[17][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[17][0] + 20.0f, newpos[17][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
//Square 19
{newpos[18][0] , newpos[18][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[18][0] + 20.0f, newpos[18][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[18][0], newpos[18][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[18][0], newpos[18][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[18][0] + 20.0f, newpos[18][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[18][0] + 20.0f, newpos[18][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
//Square 20
{newpos[19][0] , newpos[19][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[19][0] + 20.0f, newpos[19][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[19][0], newpos[19][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[19][0], newpos[19][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[19][0] + 20.0f, newpos[19][1], 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
{newpos[19][0] + 20.0f, newpos[19][1] + 20.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(col1, col2, 0),},
};
d3ddev->CreateVertexBuffer(verticesnr*sizeof(VERTEX),
0,
FVF,
D3DPOOL_MANAGED,
&buffer,
NULL);
VOID* pVoid;
buffer->Lock(0,
0,
(void**)&pVoid,
0);
memcpy(pVoid,
vertices,
sizeof(vertices));
buffer->Unlock();
}

void getkey(void){
keyboard->Acquire();
keyboard->GetDeviceState(256,
(LPVOID)buttons);
}

void renderframe(void){
d3ddev->Clear(0,
NULL,
D3DCLEAR_TARGET,
D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255,222,173),
1.0f,
0);
d3ddev->BeginScene();

D3DCOLOR fontColor = D3DCOLOR_ARGB(255,255,0,0);
RECT rct;
rct.left=200;
rct.right=480;
rct.top=150;
rct.bottom=rct.top+50;
if(gameover){
m_font->DrawText(NULL,
(LPCWSTR)L"Game over",
-1,
&rct,
0,
fontColor);
}
d3ddev->SetFVF(FVF);
d3ddev->SetStreamSource(0,
buffer,
0,
sizeof(VERTEX));
d3ddev->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST,
0,
trianglesnr);
d3ddev->EndScene();
d3ddev->Present(NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL);
}

void cleand3d(void){
buffer->Release();
d3ddev->Release();
d3d->Release();
m_font->Release();
}

void cleandinput(void){
keyboard->Unacquire();
dinput->Release();
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd,
UINT message,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam){
if(message == WM_DESTROY){
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hWnd,
message,
wParam,
lParam);
}

You can ask anything about how it works but I`m just a beginner in DirectX programming...

Addition with extremely huge numbers in C++

noreply@blogger.com (Csabi) — Fri, 03 Dec 2010 11:40:56 PST

In C++ you the data type with the largest range is the long long, with a maximum limit of ~19 digits. This means that you can`t make additions with numbers that result a larger number. I know this is a crazy thing, why would you need to calculate with such huge numbers ? I think never..., but the method is very useful and ingenious.

Here is my code:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main(){
string nr;
bool validnr = false;
while(!validnr){
cout << "Enter the first number: " << endl;
cin >> nr;
validnr = true;
//Check the number for invalid characters
for(int i=0;i<nr.length();i++){
if((int) nr[i] < 48 || (int) nr[i] > 57){
//48 is the ASCII code of number 0
//57 is the ASCII code of number 9
validnr = false;
}
}
if(!validnr){
cout << endl << "Please enter a valid number!" << endl;
}
}
string nr2;
validnr = false;
//Do the same for the second number
while(!validnr){
cout << "Enter the second number: " << endl;
cin >> nr2;
validnr = true;
for(int i=0;i<nr2.length();i++){
if((int) nr2[i] < 48 || (int) nr2[i] > 57){
validnr = false;
}
}
if(!validnr){
cout << endl << "Please enter a valid number!" << endl;
}
}
int digitsnr;
//Make the two digits to have the same size
//by adding 0`s in front of it
//This is important because we can`t add a digit with nothing
if(nr.length() > nr2.length()){
digitsnr = nr.length() - 1;
while(nr.length() != nr2.length()){
nr2 = "0" + nr2;
}
}
else{
digitsnr = nr2.length() - 1;
while(nr.length() != nr2.length()){
nr = "0" + nr;
}
}
string result;
char digit;
int remainder = 0; //If the result of two digits is more than 10
//we need to add 1 to the following digit(e.g: 5 + 7 = 12, 12 is made from 2 digits
for(int i=digitsnr;i>=0;i--){ //Loop through each digit
if(remainder + nr[i] + nr2[i] - 96 > 9){
digit = remainder + nr[i] + nr2[i] - 48 - 10; //We are working with ASCII codes
result = digit + result;
remainder = 1; //We have to increase the following digit
}
else{
digit = remainder + nr[i] + nr2[i] - 48;
remainder = 0;
result = digit + result;
}
}
if(remainder){
result = "1" + result;
//Add the last remaining if required
}
cout << endl << "Result = " << result << endl;
system("pause");
}

The numbers are stored in strings, each character of the strings is checked to avoid wrong characters. Each character is checked using it`s ASCII code, (for example 0 has the 47 code number, 1 has the 49 code). After the numbers are validated the two numbers are added digit by digit starting from the last number:

123 + 56 =
9
79
179

Is that simple, but if something it`s not clear please don`t hesitate, ASK ME!

A very simple C++ Tic Tac Toe game (v2)

noreply@blogger.com (Csabi) — Fri, 01 Oct 2010 13:45:13 PDT

This is my second C++ Tic Tac Toe game. This one has a shorter source-code because instead of using a variable for each square I`we used a two-dimensional array. With arrays is more simple to check if a square is available or to check for an eventual winner.

The rest of the game is almost the same as the first version, the only difference is that I`we used chars instead of ints to show the state of the squares.

Required knowledge: variables, input/output, if/else/else if statements, loop, arrays.

Here is my code:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(){
//This array of chars represents the game board, and it holds the content of each square (x,o or empty)
char square[3][3] = {{' ',' ',' '},{' ',' ',' '},{' ',' ',' '}};
//The current player (x or o)
char turn = 'X';
//These variables will hold the number of the row and column selected by the players.
int row;
int column;
//The winner (x, o, t(if it`s a tie) or empty)
char winner = ' ';
//Required variables to check if a move is valid or not
bool validmove;
bool validrow;
bool validcolumn;
//The game loop`s again and again until the game is over
while(winner == ' '){
//Draw the board
cout << " 1 2 3" << endl << " +---+---+---+" << endl;
for(int i=1;i<4;i++){
cout << " " << i << " | " << square[i-1][0] << " | " << square[i-1][1] << " | " << square[i-1][2] << " |" << endl << " +---+---+---+" << endl;
}
//Check for an eventual winner of for a tie
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
if(square[i][0] == square[i][1] && square[i][1] == square[i][2] && square[i][0] != ' '){
winner = square[i][0];
}
}
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
if(square[0][i] == square[1][i] && square[1][i] == square[2][i] && square[0][i] != ' '){
winner = square[0][i];
}
}
if(square[0][0] == square[1][1] && square[1][1] == square[2][2] && square[0][0] != ' '){
winner = square[0][0];
}
if(square[0][2] == square[1][1] && square[1][1] == square[2][0] && square[0][2] != ' '){
winner = square[0][2];
}
if(square[0][0] == square[0][1] && square[0][1] == square[0][2] && square[0][2] == square[1][0] && square[1][0] == square[1][1] && square[1][1] == square[1][2] && square[1][2] == square[2][0] && square[2][0] == square[2][1] && square[2][1] == square[2][2] && square[0][0] != ' '){
winner = 't';
}
//If somebody won
if(winner == 'X' || winner == 'O'){
//Display congratulations message
cout << "Congratulations! Player ";
if(winner == 'X'){
cout << 1;
}
else{
cout << 2;
}
cout << " is the winner!" << endl;
break;
}
else if(winner == 't'){
//Display a message if it`s tie
cout << "Tie!" << endl;
break;
}
//If the game is not yet over show who`s the next player to move
cout << "Player ";
if(turn == 'X'){
cout << 1;
}
else{
cout << 2;
}
cout << "'s turn:" << endl;
//Loop until the player selects a valid square
validmove = false;
while(!validmove){
validrow = false;
//Loop until the player selects a valid row
while(!validrow){
cout << "Row: ";
cin >> row;
if(row == 1 || row == 2 || row == 3){
validrow = true;
}
else{
cout << endl << "Invalid row!" << endl;
}
}
validcolumn = false;
//Loop until the player selects a valid column
while(!validcolumn){
cout << "Column: ";
cin >> column;
if(column == 1 || column == 2 || column == 3){
validcolumn = true;
}
else{
cout << endl << "Invalid column!" << endl;
}
}
//Change the turn to the next player
if(square[row-1][column-1] == ' '){
square[row-1][column-1] = turn;
validmove = true;
if(turn == 'X'){
turn = 'O';
}
else{
turn = 'X';
}
}
//If the selected square is occupied display a message and loop again
else{
cout << "The selected square is occupied!" << endl << "Select again:" << endl;
}
}
}
system("pause");
}

If something it`s not clear or you have any question just ask!
If this is too advanced for you feel free to read my lessons or view the previous, simpler version of the game here: The simplest C++ Tic Tac Toe game ever

C++ Console Calculator v3

noreply@blogger.com (Csabi) — Sat, 16 Oct 2010 07:13:34 PDT

This is a tutorial about creating the third version of my C++ Calculator (console application). Here are the first and second versions: Calculator v1 and Calculator v2. The previous versions of this applications are closed after displaying a warning message when an invalid operation is selected. In this version this was improved: the programs shows an error message and it asks again and again until a valid operation is selected. This version is also a bit shorter because in some places I`we used arrays and loops.

Required knowledge: variables, input/output, if/else/else if statements, switch/case statements, loop, arrays.
Here is my code:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(){
cout << "Enter the first number:" << endl;
int numone;
cin >> numone;
bool validselection = false;
char operation[] = {'*','/','+','-'};
int selectedoperation;
while(!validselection){
cout << "Select an operation:" << endl;
for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
cout << i+1 << ". " << operation[i] << endl;
}
cin >> selectedoperation;
if(selectedoperation == 1 || selectedoperation == 2 || selectedoperation == 3 || selectedoperation == 4){
validselection = true;
}
else{
cout << "Invalid selection!" << endl;
}
}
cout << "Enter the second number:" << endl;
int numtwo;
cin >> numtwo;
float result;
bool dividebyzero = false;
switch(selectedoperation){
case 1:
result = numone * numtwo;
break;
case 2:
if(numtwo == 0){
dividebyzero = true;
}
else{
result = (float)numone / numtwo;
}
break;
case 3:
result = numone + numtwo;
break;
case 4:
result = numone - numtwo;
break;
}
if(!dividebyzero){
cout << numone << " " << operation[selectedoperation - 1] << " " << numtwo << " = " << result << endl;
}
else{
cout << "Cannot divide by zero!" << endl;
}
system("pause");
}

This works almost the same way as the Calculator v2, the difference is that this version uses a loop and an array to display the available operations instead of multiple cout`s and this whole part of code where the operation is asked is inside a loop and it loops until a valid operation is selected.
This was the second version, but there will be more advanced ones, too.

The simplest C++ Tic Tac Toe game ever

noreply@blogger.com (Csabi) — Sat, 02 Oct 2010 03:56:13 PDT

This is the simplest C++ Tic Tac Toe game ever, it`s made using only the most basic statements: cout, cin, variables, if/else/else if, switch/case and loops

The game uses 9 variables, one for each square of the Tic Tac Toe game board, each of them can have 3 different value:

0 - free square
1 - occupied by an x
2 - occupied by a 0

The board is redrawn after each move in a loop. The whole action of the game happens in this loop. First the board is checked for an eventual winner or for a tie. If the game is not over yet than it`s time to move. First the move is checked, if it`s not a valid move a message is displayed and the player needs to pick an another square, if the move is valid than the loop runs again, but this time is the other player`s turn.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(){
//These variables are holding the value of each square (0 = free, 1 = x, 2 = o)
int one = 0;
int two = 0;
int three = 0;
int four = 0;
int five = 0;
int six = 0;
int seven = 0;
int eight = 0;
int nine = 0;
//This holds the number of the current player (1 = player1(x), 2 = player2(o)
int turn = 1;
//These variables are holding the row and column number inputted by a player
int row;
int column;
//These variables will be used later to check if a move is valid or not
bool validmove;
bool validrow;
bool validcolumn;
//The bellow variable holds the number of the winner, when the value is not 0 means the game is over
int winner = 0;
//The game loops again and again until somebody wins or it`s tie (winner = 3)
while(winner == 0){
//Draw the board from simple +,- and | characters
cout << "1 2 3" << endl << "+---+---+---+" << endl << "1 | ";
if(one == 0){
//For each square the variable of that square is checked, and based on it`s value a character is written (0 - nothing, 1 = x, 2 = o)
cout << "|";
}
else if(one == 1){
cout << "x |";
}
else{
cout << "o |";
}
if(two == 0){
cout << " |";
}
else if(two == 1){
cout << " x |";
}
else{
cout << " o |";
}
if(three == 0){
cout << " |";
}
else if(three == 1){
cout << " x |";
}
else{
cout << " o |";
}
cout << endl << "+---+---+---+" << endl << "2 | ";
if(four == 0){
cout << "|";
}
else if(four == 1){
cout << "x |";
}
else{
cout << "o |";
}
if(five == 0){
cout << " |";
}
else if(five == 1){
cout << " x |";
}
else{
cout << " o |";
}
if(six == 0){
cout << " |";
}
else if(six == 1){
cout << " x |";
}
else{
cout << " o |";
}
cout << endl << "+---+---+---+" << endl << "3 | ";
if(seven == 0){
cout << "|";
}
else if(seven == 1){
cout << "x |";
}
else{
cout << "o |";
}
if(eight == 0){
cout << " |";
}
else if(eight == 1){
cout << " x |";
}
else{
cout << " o |";
}
if(nine == 0){
cout << " |";
}
else if(nine == 1){
cout << " x |";
}
else{
cout << " o |";
}
cout << endl << "+---+---+---+" << endl << endl;
//The following several lines will check if the game is over or not
//Check`s the first line of the board for a winner combination (xxx or ooo)
if(one == two && two == three && one != 0){
//If the three squares have the same value and they are not free, then the winner is the player with the number from one of those squares
winner = one;
}
//Checks the second line
if(four == five && five == six && four != 0){
winner = four;
}
//Checks the third line
if(seven == eight && eight == nine && seven != 0){
winner = seven;
}
//Checks the first column
if(one == four && four == seven && one != 0){
winner = one;
}
//Checks the second column
if(two == five && five == eight && two != 0){
winner = two;
}
//Checks the third column
if(three == six && six == nine && three != 0){
winner = three;
}
//Checks the diagonal from top left to bottom right
if(one == five && five == nine && one != 0){
winner = one;
}
//Checks the diagonal from bottom left to top right
if(three == five && five == seven && three != 0){
winner = three;
}
//If nobody wins this turn it checks to see if the board is full or not
if(one != 0 && two != 0 && three != 0 && four != 0 && five != 0 && six != 0 && seven != 0 && eight != 0 && nine != 0 && winner == 0){
//If the table is full, then it`s tie
winner = 3;
}
//If somebody won or it`s a tie shows a message and break out from the loop - the game is over
if(winner == 1 || winner == 2){
cout << "Congratulations! Player " << winner << " is the winner!";
break;
}
else if(winner == 3){
cout << "Tie!";
break;
}
If the game is nor over yet than it writes a "Player x`s turn:" - where x is the number of the player (1 or 2)
cout << "Player " << turn << "'s turn:" << endl;
validmove = false;
//Loops until the player makes a valid move
while(!validmove){
validrow = false;
//Loops until the player chooses a valid row
while(!validrow){
cout << "Row: ";
cin >> row;
if(row == 1 || row == 2 || row == 3){
validrow = true;
}
else{
cout << endl << "Invalid row!" << endl;
}
}
validcolumn = false;
//Loops until the player chooses a valid column
while(!validcolumn){
cout << "Column: ";
cin >> column;
if(column == 1 || column == 2 || column == 3){
validcolumn = true;
}
else{
cout << endl << "Invalid column!" << endl;
}
}
//After the user selects a valid row and column number the changes are applied to the game board and the variable of the selected square if it`s not occupied and it changes the value of the validmove variable from false to true
switch(row){
case 1:
if(column == 1){
if(one == 0){
one = turn;
validmove = true;
}
}
else if(column == 2){
if(two == 0){
two = turn;
validmove = true;
}
}
else{
if(three == 0){
three = turn;
validmove = true;
}
}
break;
case 2:
if(column == 1){
if(four == 0){
four = turn;
validmove = true;
}
}
else if(column == 2){
if(five == 0){
five = turn;
validmove = true;
}
}
else{
if(six == 0){
six = turn;
validmove = true;
}
}
break;
case 3:
if(column == 1){
if(seven == 0){
seven = turn;
validmove = true;
}
}
else if(column == 2){
if(eight == 0){
eight = turn;
validmove = true;
}
}
else{
if(nine == 0){
nine = turn;
validmove = true;
}
}
}
//If validmove is still false, then the selected square is occupied and a message is displayed
if(!validmove){
cout << "The sellected square is occupied!" << endl << "Select again:" << endl;
}
else{
//Else if it was a valid move, then it`s the other player`s turn
if(turn == 1){
turn = 2;
}
else{
turn = 1;
}
}
cout << endl;
}
//The loop start`s over
}
system("pause");
}

The second version of this Tic Tac Toe game is ready with minor changes in the code, using a wee bit harder but more effective techniques: Tic Tac Toe v2

C++ Console Calculator v2

noreply@blogger.com (Csabi) — Sat, 02 Oct 2010 03:50:06 PDT

This is a tutorial about creating the second version of my C++ Calculator (console application). Here is the first version: Calculator v1. The only difference between the first and second versions is that this one uses switch/case statement in some places instead of multiple if else statements.

Required knowledge: variables, input/output, if/else/else if statements, switch/case statements.
Here is my code:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(){
cout << "Enter the first number:" << endl;
int numone;
cin >> numone;
cout << "Select an operation:" << endl << "1. *" << endl << "2. /" << endl << "3. +" << endl << "4. -" << endl;
int operation;
cin >> operation;
if(operation == 1 || operation == 2 || operation == 3 || operation == 4){
cout << "Enter the second number:" << endl;
int numtwo;
cin >> numtwo;
float result;
bool dividebyzero = false;
switch(operation){
case 1:
result = numone * numtwo;
break;
case 2:
if(numtwo == 0){
dividebyzero = true;
}
else{
result = (float) numone / numtwo;
}
break;
case 3:
result = numone + numtwo;
break;
case 4:
result = numone - numtwo;
break;
}
if(!dividebyzero){
cout << numone;
switch(operation){
case 1:
cout << " * ";
break;
case 2:
cout << " / ";
break;
case 3:
cout << " + ";
break;
case 4:
cout << " - ";
}
cout << numtwo << " = " << result << endl;
}
else{
cout << "Cannot divide by zero!" << endl;
}
}
else{
cout << "Invalid selection!" << endl;
}
system("pause");
}

After the program reads the first number it check if the selection is valid. If not it will display and error message. If will ask for a second number and based on the operation value (using switch/case statement) it will make the mathematical operation. If the selected operation is 2 (division), the program will check the value of the second number. If the second number is 0 it will set the dividebezero boolean to true. If dividebyzero is true at the end, the program will show and error message instead of the result.

This was the second version,here is the third one: Calculator v3. Here is a link to the first version: Calculator v1

C++ Console Calculator v1

noreply@blogger.com (Csabi) — Thu, 02 Sep 2010 11:02:07 PDT

This is a tutorial about how to make a C++ console Calculator (version 1) which first asks for a number, than shows a list of mathematical operations, than asks for an another number, than writes out the result. Here is an image of how it will look:

Required knowledge: variables, input/output, if/else/else if statements.
Here is my code:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(){
cout << "Enter the first number:" << endl;
int numone;
cin >> numone;
cout << "Select an operation:" << endl << "1. *" << endl << "2. /" << endl << "3. +" << endl << "4. -" << endl;
int operation;
cin >> operation;
if(operation == 1 || operation == 2 || operation == 3 || operation == 4){
cout << "Enter the second number:" << endl;
int numtwo;
cin >> numtwo;
float result;
bool dividebyzero = false;
if(operation == 1){
result = numone * numtwo;
}
else if(operation == 2){
if(numtwo != 0){
result = (float) numone / numtwo;
}
else{
dividebyzero = true;
}
}
else if(operation == 3){
result = numone + numtwo;
}
else{
result = numone - numtwo;
}
if(!dividebyzero){
cout << numone;
if(operation == 1){
cout << " * ";
}
else if(operation == 2){
cout << " / ";
}
else if(operation == 3){
cout << " + ";
}
else{
cout << " - ";
}
cout << numtwo << " = " << result << endl;
}
else{
cout << "Cannot divide by zero!";
}
}
else{
cout << "Invalid selection!" << endl;
}
system("pause");
}

After the program reads the first number and the operation number it checks if the operator value is valid (1,2,3 or 4), if it`s an invalid number selection (else than 1,2,3,4) it will display an error message. If the operation number is valid then the program asks for the second number, and calculates the result based on the operation. If the selected operation is 2 (division) than it checks the second numbers value. If the second number is 0 than it sets the dividebyzero boolean to true. Finally the program checks for the value of dividebyzero. If it`s true than it shows and error message, else it writes the first number, than the operation (based on the operation number) , than the second number , than an equal sign (=) and the result.

This is a very simple program, it uses only the most basic statements of C++. The second version is ready, check it out: Calculator v2