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Frontiers in Neurorobotics | Research Topics

Wed, 22 May 2013 20:35:24 +0000

Frontiers in Neurorobotics Research Topic: "Intrinsic motivations and open-ended development in animals, humans, and robots"

The aim of this Research Topic for Frontiers in Neurorobotics and Frontiers in Cognitive Science is to present state-of-the-art research, whether theoretical, empirical, or computational investigations, on open-ended development driven by intrinsic motivations. The topic will address questions such as: How do motivations drive learning? How are complex skills built up from a foundation of simpler competencies? What are the neural and computational bases for intrinsically motivated learning? What is the contribution of intrinsic motivations to wider cognition?

...

Now is an important moment in the study of intrinsically motivated open-ended development, requiring contributions and integration across a large number of fields within the cognitive sciences. This Research Topic aims to contribute to this effort by welcoming papers carried out with ethological, psychological, neuroscientific and computational approaches, as well as research that cuts across disciplines and approaches. Original research advancing specific aspects of the state-of-the art and review/theoretical papers aiming to systematize the field are both suitable for this Topic.

Topic Editors:

Gianluca Baldassarre, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Italy
Andrew Barto, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA
Marco Mirolli, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione, Italy
Peter Redgrave
Richard M. Ryan, University of Rochester, USA
Tom Stafford, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom

Deadline for full article submission: 21 May 2013

Extended deadline for full article submission: 21 Jun 2013

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Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science

Fri, 17 May 2013 21:12:49 +0000

Brains, it has recently been argued, are essentially prediction machines. They are bundles of cells that support perception and action by constantly attempting to match incoming sensory inputs with top-down expectations or predictions. This is achieved using a hierarchical generative model that aims to minimize prediction error within a bidirectional cascade of cortical processing. Such accounts offer a unifying model of perception and action, illuminate the functional role of attention, and may neatly capture the special contribution of cortical processing to adaptive success. This target article critically examines this “hierarchical prediction machine” approach, concluding that it offers the best clue yet to the shape of a unified science of mind and action.

Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science
Andy Clark

Behavioral and Brain Sciences / Volume 36 / Issue 03 / June 2013, pp 181-204

http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X12000477

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Controllability Transition and Nonlocality in Network Control

Fri, 17 May 2013 21:10:25 +0000

A common goal in the control of a large network is to minimize the number of driver nodes or control inputs. Yet, the physical determination of control signals and the properties of the resulting control trajectories remain widely underexplored. Here we show that (i) numerical control fails in practice even for linear systems if the controllability Gramian is ill conditioned, which occurs frequently even when existing controllability criteria are satisfied unambiguously, (ii) the control trajectories are generally nonlocal in the phase space, and their lengths are strongly anti-correlated with the numerical success rate and number of control inputs, and (iii) numerical success rate increases abruptly from zero to nearly one as the number of control inputs is increased, a transformation we term numerical controllability transition. This reveals a trade-off between nonlocality of the control trajectory in the phase space and nonlocality of the control inputs in the network itself. The failure of numerical control cannot be overcome in general by merely increasing numerical precision—successful control requires instead increasing the number of control inputs beyond the numerical controllability transition.

Controllability Transition and Nonlocality in Network Control
Jie Sun and Adilson E. Motter
Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 208701 (2013)
http://prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v110/i20/e208701

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Exploiting ecological principles to better understand cancer progression and treatment

Fri, 17 May 2013 21:08:55 +0000

A small but growing number of people are finding interesting parallels between ecosystems as studied by ecologists (think of a Savanna or the Amazon rain forest or a Coral reef) and tumours1-3. The idea of viewing cancer from an ecological perspective has many implications but fundamentally, it means that we should not see cancer just as a group of mutated cells. A more useful definition of cancer is to consider it a disruption in the complex balance of many interacting cellular and microenvironmental elements in a specific organ. This perspective means that organs undergoing carcinogenesis should be seen as sophisticated ecosystems in homeostasis that cancer cells can disrupt. It also makes cancer seem even more complex but may ultimately provides isights that make it more treatable. Here we discuss how ecological principles can be used to better understand cancer progression and treatment, using several mathematical and computational models to illustrate our argument.

Exploiting ecological principles to better understand cancer progression and treatment

David Basanta, Alexander R. A. Anderson

http://arxiv.org/abs/1305.2249

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The Emergence of Environmental Homeostasis in Complex Ecosystems

Fri, 17 May 2013 20:56:00 +0000

Life on Earth is perhaps greater than three and a half billion years old and it would appear that once it started it never stopped. During this period a number of dramatic shocks and drivers have affected the Earth. These include the impacts of massive asteroids, runaway climate change and increases in brightness of the Sun. Has life on Earth simply been lucky in withstanding such perturbations? Are there any self-regulating or homeostatic processes operating in the Earth system that would reduce the severity of such perturbations? If such planetary processes exist, to what extent are they the result of the actions of life? In this study, we show how the regulation of environmental conditions can emerge as a consequence of life's effects. If life is both affected by and affects it environment, then this coupled system can self-organise into a robust control system that was first described during the early cybernetics movement around the middle of the twentieth century. Our findings are in principle applicable to a wide range of real world systems - from microbial mats to aquatic ecosystems up to and including the entire biosphere.

Dyke JG, Weaver IS (2013) The Emergence of Environmental Homeostasis in Complex Ecosystems. PLoS Comput Biol 9(5): e1003050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003050

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Self-organization of progress across the century of physics

Fri, 17 May 2013 20:45:06 +0000

We make use of information provided in the titles and abstracts of over half a million publications that were published by the American Physical Society during the past 119 years. By identifying all unique words and phrases and determining their monthly usage patterns, we obtain quantifiable insights into the trends of physics discovery from the end of the 19th century to today. We show that the magnitudes of upward and downward trends yield heavy-tailed distributions, and that their emergence is due to the Matthew effect. This indicates that both the rise and fall of scientific paradigms is driven by robust principles of self-organization. Data also confirm that periods of war decelerate scientific progress, and that the later is very much subject to globalization.

Self-organization of progress across the century of physics

Matjaz Perc

http://arxiv.org/abs/1305.0552

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Burstiness and spreading on temporal networks

Fri, 17 May 2013 20:41:39 +0000

We discuss how spreading processes on temporal networks are impacted by the shape of their inter-event time distributions. Through simple mathematical arguments and toy examples, we find that the key factor is the ordering in which events take place, a property that tends to be affected by the bulk of the distributions and not only by their tail, as usually considered in the literature. We show that a detailed modeling of the temporal patterns observed in complex networks can change dramatically the properties of a spreading process, such as the ergodicity of a random walk process or the persistence of an epidemic.

Burstiness and spreading on temporal networks

Renaud Lambiotte, Lionel Tabourier, Jean-Charles Delvenne

http://arxiv.org/abs/1305.0543

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The Future of Green Building May Be Closer than You Think

Fri, 17 May 2013 20:19:57 +0000

Buildings that consume no outside energy are being developed today -- with existing technology. So much innovative work has been done in green building that a growing number of people are now shifting their focus from means to ends. Their goal: Create buildings that generate as much energy as they need to operate, called net-zero energy buildings (NZEB). Efforts to achieve NZEB are underway in all sectors -- government, academia, the military, not-for-profits and business -- and at all scales: residential, community and commercial. While it is still early days, the results have been impressive.
http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=3247

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Smart solutions from the plant kingdom

Fri, 17 May 2013 20:18:07 +0000

Plants represent almost 99.9% of the biomass of our planet. This means that virtually every environment that can be colonized by life has been explored and populated by plants. To achieve such amazing results while being unable to move from the site of seed germination, plants have evolved an arsenal of solutions that make them suitable for life in the most demanding and extreme conditions. In addition, it is well established that plants are able to show considerable plasticity in their morphology and physiology in response to variability within their environment and to survive extremely diverse environmental conditions and stresses (Fujita et al (2006)). Thus the mechanical properties of plants, the morphology of their structures and their characteristic movements represent a goldmine of solutions that, with appropriate investigation, could be used to obtain new design rules for advanced bioinspired systems and materials in countless applications. Meanwhile, advances in technology, partly related to the adoption of such bio-inspired approaches in design, are opening new opportunities for the application of bioinspired artefacts in biological research.

Smart solutions from the plant kingdom

Barbara Mazzolai and Stefano Mancuso 2013 Bioinspir. Biomim. 8 020301 http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-3182/8/2/020301

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On Creativity of Elementary Cellular Automata

Fri, 17 May 2013 19:57:19 +0000

We map cell-state transition rules of elementary cellular automata (ECA) onto the cognitive control versus schizotypy spectrum phase space and interpret cellular automaton behaviour in terms of creativity. To implement the mapping we draw analogies between a degree of schizotypy and generative diversity of ECA rules, and between cognitive control and robustness of ECA rules (expressed via Derrida coefficient). We found that null and fixed point ECA rules lie in the autistic domain and chaotic rules are 'schizophrenic'. There are no highly articulated 'creative' ECA rules. Rules closest to 'creativity' domains are two-cycle rules exhibiting wave-like patterns in the space-time evolution.

On Creativity of Elementary Cellular Automata

Andrew Adamatzky, Andrew Wuensche

http://arxiv.org/abs/1305.2537

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Ken Robinson: How to escape education's death valley

Fri, 17 May 2013 19:53:07 +0000

Sir Ken Robinson outlines 3 principles crucial for the human mind to flourish -- and how current education culture works against them. In a funny, stirring talk he tells us how to get out of the educational "death valley" we now face, and how to nurture our youngest generations with a climate of possibility.

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Consciousness: Watching your mind in action

Fri, 17 May 2013 15:19:03 +0000

One area in which we have made great progress is in discovering the physical or neural correlates of consciousness – what consciousness in the brain "looks like", you might say. One way to investigate this question is to see what changes when consciousness is reduced or absent, as happens when people are in a vegetative state, with no sign of awareness.

Brain scans show that such people usually have damage to the thalamus, a relay centre located smack-bang in the middle of the brain. Another common finding is damage to the connections between the thalamus and the prefrontal cortex, a region at the front of the brain, generally responsible for high-level complex thought.

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Global computational intelligence

Thu, 16 May 2013 23:15:18 +0000

So what would it mean for us?

For a person – start feeling as part of the whole body or real-time sensor/motor cell of entire humanity organism, with every your search query, email, chat message or mouse click making it a bit more clever and strong, and every your action to some extent inspired by it.

For software developers – get ready for emerging market of intellectual agent software (with first lonely players like Siri, Google Now and Sherpa), either keeping in mind business model of a «pilot fish», operating in biocenosis with one of the «Big Sharks» or having a good exit strategy for the case when your functionality may get on the way of some of major players (like it has happened to Yandex Wonder).

For business – for competitive business promotion, understand how to craft «double-sided» web pages looking attractive for fellow people on one side and rich of true semantic markup on the other side. That kind of markup, invisible to human eye (see http://schema.org/ for more details) is to be indexed by «semantic crawler» at Google, collecting the thought-food for its Knowledge Graph — so that your site could get returned to user as single right answer on user's query, instead of being on 10th row of second page of search results.

For government – be clear that ability to enable national projects of intellectual globalization might turn into a key for national security in the very close future. That does not necessarily mean any governmental funding of certain developments, as we have seen couple business enterprises managed to capture the third of the world in few years, so the most efficient option would be creation of appropriate business environments for high technology and information technology businesses within national borders.

For humanity – get ready to pass through the next (since invention of computers and internet) pivotal point of development, with all coming surprises, frustrations and openings of new opportunities.

For evolution – prepare to record forthcoming meta-system transition (since assembly of atoms in the molecule, molecules in the cell, cells into organism and neurons in the brain) in the Universe's diary book.

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Johan Bollen. Modeling collective mood states from large-scale social media data.

Mon, 13 May 2013 20:34:06 +0000

ECCO/GBI seminar winter 2012-2013
Modeling collective mood states from large-scale social media data
December 17, 2012 Brussels, VUB

Johan Bollen
Associate Professor,
School of Informatics and Computing,
Indiana University

Abstract and more info: http://ecco.vub.ac.be/?q=node/199

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'Geography of Hate' maps racism and homophobia on Twitter

Mon, 13 May 2013 20:28:44 +0000

Twitter, even more than many other social media tools, can feel disconnected from the real world. But a group of students and professors at research site Floating Sheep have built a comprehensive map of some of Twitter's most distasteful content: the racist, homophobic, or ableist slurs that can proliferate online. Called Geography of Hate, the interactive map charts ten relatively common slurs across the continental US, either by general category or individually. Looking at the whole country, you'll often see a mass of red or what the map's creators call a "blue smog of hate." Zooming in, however, patches appear over individual regions or cities; some may be predictable, while others are not.

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ALIFE Conference XIV

Mon, 13 May 2013 20:26:54 +0000

THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE SIMULATION & SYNTHESIS OF LIVING SYSTEMS

Javits Center, NYC

July 24th, 25th and 26th 2014

http://blogs.cornell.edu/alife14nyc/

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Temporal Networks

Mon, 13 May 2013 19:04:21 +0000

The concept of temporal networks is an extension of complex networks as a modeling framework to include information on when interactions between nodes happen.
Many studies of the last decade examine how the static network structure affect dynamic systems on the network. In this traditional approach the temporal aspects are pre-encoded in the dynamic system model.
Temporal-network methods, on the other hand, lift the temporal information from the level of system dynamics to the mathematical representation of the contact network itself.
This framework becomes particularly useful for cases where there is a lot of structure and heterogeneity both in the timings of interaction events and the network topology.

Temporal Networks
Holme, Petter; Saramäki, Jari (Eds.)

http://t.co/DWnhXNIiXb

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Simulating Social Complexity - A Handbook

Mon, 13 May 2013 19:02:42 +0000

Simulating Social Complexity examines all aspects of using agent- or individual-based simulation. This approach represents systems as individual elements having each their own set of differing states and internal processes. The interactions between elements in the simulation represent interactions in the target systems. What makes these elements "social" is that they are usefully interpretable as interacting elements of an observed society. In this, the focus is on human society, but can be extended to include social animals or artificial agents where such work enhances our understanding of human society.

Edmonds, B. & Meyer, R. (eds.) (2013) Simulating Social Complexity - a
handbook. Springer.

http://www.springer.com/computer/information+systems+and+applications/book/978-3-540-93812-5

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peptides and proteins

Mon, 13 May 2013 18:41:57 +0000

Peptides and Proteins: Beyond Structure, Function and Biotechnology

Saturday 27 July – Tuesday 30 July, 2013 Le Carré Plantagenet, Rue Claude Blondeau, 72000, Le Mans, France

http://www.peptidesandproteins.org/

Conformed speakers and participants:

Jean-Marie Lehn, University Louis Pasteur Strasbourg, Robert Langer, MIT Ada Yonath, Weizmann Institute of Science Alan Fersht, University of Cambridge Uwe Sleytr, University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences, Tom Blundell, University of Cambridge Charlotte Hauser, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology Andrew Marshall, Nature Biotechnology Astride Gräslund, Stockholm University, Maria Masucci, Karolinska Institute Ingemar Ernberg, Karolinska Institute Horst Vogel, EPFL-Lausanne Martin Egli, Vandelbilt University Marc Rioult, 3DMatrix-Europe, Lyon, France Joel Janin, CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette, France Philip Merssersmith, Northwestern University William DeGrado, University of California San Francisco Philipp Baask, NanoTemper, Münich, Germany Mary Chan, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Hiroshi Fukumura, Tohoku University, Japan Lotta Tegler, University of Linköpin, Sweden Christian Riekel, ESRF, Grenoble, France Jörg Lebahn, DESYLAB, Hamburg, Germany Yusuke Nagai, Menicon Ltd, Japan Christophe Egles, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, France Steve Yang, the Yang Trust Fund Sam Haryono, Cancer Clinic, Jakarta, Indonesia Shuguang Zhang, MIT

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Science of Success

Mon, 13 May 2013 15:37:03 +0000

This event, hosted by the Institute of Quantitative Social Science at Harvard University and organized by the Center of Complex Network Research at Northeastern University on June 17th, brings together social scientists, computer scientists, economists, physicists and mathematicians to discuss the quantitative laws and patterns behind success.

Speakers

Pierre Azoulay James A. Evans
Santo Fortunato Gautam Mukunda
Alexander M. Petersen Camille Sweeney
Arnout van de Rijt Brian Uzzi
Christoph Riedl Nicola Perra
Duncan Watts Chaoming Song

http://www.barabasilab.com/success/

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Employment Growth through Labor Flow Networks

Fri, 10 May 2013 16:12:35 +0000

It is conventional in labor economics to treat all workers who are seeking new jobs as belonging to a labor pool, and all firms that have job vacancies as an employer pool, and then match workers to jobs. Here we develop a new approach to study labor and firm dynamics. By combining the emerging science of networks with newly available employment micro-data, comprehensive at the level of whole countries, we are able to broadly characterize the process through which workers move between firms. Specifically, for each firm in an economy as a node in a graph, we draw edges between firms if a worker has migrated between them, possibly with a spell of unemployment in between. An economy's overall graph of firm-worker interactions is an object we call the labor flow network (LFN). This is the first study that characterizes a LFN for an entire economy. We explore the properties of this network, including its topology, its community structure, and its relationship to economic variables. It is shown that LFNs can be useful in identifying firms with high growth potential. We relate LFNs to other notions of high performance firms. Specifically, it is shown that fewer than 10% of firms account for nearly 90% of all employment growth. We conclude with a model in which empirically-salient LFNs emerge from the interaction of heterogeneous adaptive agents in a decentralized labor market.

Guerrero OA, Axtell RL (2013) Employment Growth through Labor Flow Networks. PLoS ONE 8(5): e60808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060808

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Controlled Flight of a Biologically Inspired, Insect-Scale Robot

Fri, 10 May 2013 16:04:49 +0000

Flies are among the most agile flying creatures on Earth. To mimic this aerial prowess in a similarly sized robot requires tiny, high-efficiency mechanical components that pose miniaturization challenges governed by force-scaling laws, suggesting unconventional solutions for propulsion, actuation, and manufacturing. To this end, we developed high-power-density piezoelectric flight muscles and a manufacturing methodology capable of rapidly prototyping articulated, flexure-based sub-millimeter mechanisms. We built an 80-milligram, insect-scale, flapping-wing robot modeled loosely on the morphology of flies. Using a modular approach to flight control that relies on limited information about the robot’s dynamics, we demonstrated tethered but unconstrained stable hovering and basic controlled flight maneuvers. The result validates a sufficient suite of innovations for achieving artificial, insect-like flight.

Controlled Flight of a Biologically Inspired, Insect-Scale Robot
Kevin Y. Ma, Pakpong Chirarattananon, Sawyer B. Fuller, Robert J. Wood

Science 3 May 2013:
Vol. 340 no. 6132 pp. 603-607
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1231806

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Recombinatorial Logic

Fri, 10 May 2013 16:02:00 +0000

Logic gates evoke images of circuit boards, but cells are arguably equally good in relying on logic computations. A classic example is the Lac operon, which activates itself upon the condition “lactose AND NOT glucose” (1). In recent years, there have been multiple reports on rationally designed, genetically encoded logic gates and circuits in living cells (2). Just like the Lac operon, these gates receive two or more molecular signals (inputs) and generate a product (output) whose level is logically linked to the inputs. Sixteen different logic connections are possible with two inputs and one output, but many of these operations have remained refractory to rational design. The trickiest of these gates usually make general statements about the inputs without referring to their exact values, such as “both inputs are the same” (an XNOR gate) or “two inputs are different” (an XOR gate). Two studies, one on page 599 of this issue by Bonnet et al. (3) and one by Siuti et al. (4), describe approaches that produce any of the 16 gates, including the notorious XNOR and XOR, in a compact manner by making relatively minor tweaks to the gates' genetic building blocks.

Recombinatorial Logic
Yaakov Benenson

Science 3 May 2013:
Vol. 340 no. 6132 pp. 554-555
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1237738

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Cosmological natural selection and the purpose of the universe

Fri, 10 May 2013 15:49:23 +0000

The cosmological natural selection (CNS) hypothesis holds that the fundamental constants of nature have been fine-tuned by an evolutionary process in which universes produce daughter universes via the formation of black holes. Here, we formulate the CNS hypothesis using standard mathematical tools of evolutionary biology. Specifically, we capture the dynamics of CNS using Price's equation, and we capture the adaptive purpose of the universe using an optimization program. We establish mathematical correspondences between the dynamics and optimization formalisms, confirming that CNS acts according to a formal design objective, with successive generations of universes appearing designed to produce black holes.

Cosmological natural selection and the purpose of the universe

Andy Gardner, Joseph P. Conlon

Complexity, Early View

http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cplx.21446

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Modeling Practices in the Social and Human Sciences. An Interdisciplinary Exchange

Fri, 10 May 2013 15:47:12 +0000

The study of scientific models has become an active and important focus in history and philosophy of science, and to a lesser extent in sociology of science. Such attention acknowledges that models are central to scientific practice and that they are distinct from both theory and data, but there is a growing realization that modeling practices differ between and within disciplines. This special issue uses this realization to extend the discussion on models into new areas and different uses in the human and social sciences.

Modeling Practices in the Social and Human Sciences. An Interdisciplinary Exchange
Mary S. Morgan and Till Grüne-Yanoff
Perspectives on Science Summer 2013, Vol. 21, No. 2, Summer 2013: 143-156.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/POSC_a_00089

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Exploration versus exploitation in polydomous ant colonies

Fri, 10 May 2013 15:41:11 +0000

In socially foraging species resource information can be shared between individuals, increasing foraging success. In ant colonies, nestmate recruitment allows high exploitation rates at known resources however, to maximise foraging efficiency this must be balanced with searching for new resources.

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Task-partitioning in insect societies: Non-random direct material transfers affect both colony efficiency and information flow

Fri, 10 May 2013 15:40:47 +0000

Task-partitioning is an important organisational principle in insect colonies and is thought to increase colony efficiency. In task-partitioning, tasks such as the collection of resources are divided into subtasks in which the material is passed from one worker to another. We used an agent-based simulation model to explore how non-random interactions during task-partitioning with direct transfer affect colony work efficiency.

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Evolutionary game based control for biological systems with applications in drug delivery

Fri, 10 May 2013 15:39:48 +0000

This paper proposes a control framework for biological systems subject to dynamics that exhibit adaptive behavior under evolutionary pressures. The control framework was formulated based on evolutionary game based modeling, which integrates both the internal dynamics and the population dynamics.

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Overpunishing is not necessary to fix cooperation in voluntary public goods games

Fri, 10 May 2013 15:39:01 +0000

The fixation of cooperation among unrelated individuals is one of the fundamental problems in biology and social sciences. It is investigated by means of public goods games, the generalization of the prisoner's dilemma to more than two players. In compulsory public goods games, defect is the dominant strategy, while voluntary participation overcomes the social dilemma by allowing a cyclic coexistence of cooperators, defectors, and non-participants. [...] a milder punishing mechanism, where defectors only risk a fixed penalty per round—as in many real situations—and the cost of punishment is shared among the punishers. The payoffs for the four strategies—cooperate, defect, abstain, and cooperate-&-punish—are derived and the corresponding replicator dynamics analyzed in full detail.

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School on Nonlinearity and Stochasticity in Emergent Phenomena

Fri, 10 May 2013 02:08:37 +0000

School on Nonlinearity and Stochasticity in Emergent Phenomena

July 29th - August 2nd, 2013

Centro Internacional de Ciencias A.C. Cuernavaca, Mexico.

http://www.cicc.unam.mx/activities/2013/snlsep/index.html

Lecturers
Rafael Barrio Instituto de Física, UNAM. Mexico
Carlos Gershenson Instituto de Investigación en Matemáticas Aplicadas y Sistemas, UNAM. Mexico
Holger Henning Harvard University. USA
David Hochberg Centro de Astrobiología, CSIC/INTA. Spain
Henrik Jensen Imperial College London. UK
María Elena Lárraga Instituto de Ingeniería, UNAM. Mexico

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A review on agent-based technology for traffic and transportation

Thu, 09 May 2013 15:26:37 +0000

In the last few years, the number of papers devoted to applications of agent-based technologies to traffic and transportation engineering has grown enormously. Thus, it seems to be the appropriate time to shed light over the achievements of the last decade, on the questions that have been successfully addressed, as well as on remaining challenging issues. In the present paper, we review the literature related to the areas of agent-based traffic modelling and simulation, and agent-based traffic control and management. Later we discuss and summarize the main achievements and the challenges.

A review on agent-based technology for traffic and transportation
Ana L. C. Bazzan and Franziska Klügl

The Knowledge Engineering Review

http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0269888913000118

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Forecast: What Physics, Meteorology, and the Natural Sciences Can Teach Us About Economics (by Mark Buchanan)

Thu, 09 May 2013 13:43:20 +0000

In this deeply researched and piercingly intelligent book, physicist Mark Buchanan shows how a simple feedback loop can lead to major consequences, the kind predictable by mathematical models but hard for most people to anticipate. From his unique perspective, Buchanan argues that our basic assumptions about economic markets--that they are for the most part stable, with occasional interruptions--are simply wrong. Markets really act more like the weather: a brief heat wave can become a massive storm in a matter of a few days, or even hours.

The Physics of Finance reimagines the basics of how economics, with consequences that affect everyone.

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This Explains Everything: Deep, Beautiful, and Elegant Theories of How the World Works (edited by John Brockman)

Thu, 09 May 2013 13:43:00 +0000

What is your favorite deep, elegant, or beautiful explanation?

This is the question John Brockman, publisher of Edge.org, posed to the world's most influential minds. Flowing from the horizons of physics, economics, psychology, neuroscience, and more, This Explains Everything presents 150 of the most surprising and brilliant theories of the way of our minds, societies, and universe work.

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Systematicity: The Nature of Science (by Paul Hoyningen-Huene)

Thu, 09 May 2013 13:42:32 +0000

In Systematicity, Paul Hoyningen-Huene answers the question "What is science?" by proposing that scientific knowledge is primarily distinguished from other forms of knowledge, especially everyday knowledge, by being more systematic. "Science" is here understood in the broadest possible sense, encompassing not only the natural sciences but also mathematics, the social sciences, and the humanities. The author develops his thesis in nine dimensions in which it is claimed that science is more systematic than other forms of knowledge: regarding descriptions, explanations, predictions, the defense of knowledge claims, critical discourse, epistemic connectedness, an ideal of completeness, knowledge generation, and the representation of knowledge. He compares his view with positions on the question held by philosophers from Aristotle to Nicholas Rescher. The book concludes with an exploration of some consequences of Hoyningen-Huene's view concerning the genesis and dynamics of science, the relationship of science and common sense, normative implications of the thesis, and the demarcation criterion between science and pseudo-science.

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The Great Animal Orchestra: Finding the Origins of Music in the World's Wild Places (by Bernie Krause)

Thu, 09 May 2013 13:42:18 +0000

Musician and naturalist Bernie Krause is one of the world's leading experts in natural sound, and he's spent his life discovering and recording nature's rich chorus. Searching far beyond our modern world's honking horns and buzzing machinery, he has sought out the truly wild places that remain, where natural soundscapes exist virtually unchanged from when the earliest humans first inhabited the earth.

Krause shares fascinating insight into how deeply animals rely on their aural habitat to survive and the damaging effects of extraneous noise on the delicate balance between predator and prey. But natural soundscapes aren't vital only to the animal kingdom; Krause explores how the myriad voices and rhythms of the natural world formed a basis from which our own musical expression emerged.

From snapping shrimp, popping viruses, and the songs of humpback whales-whose voices, if unimpeded, could circle the earth in hours-to cracking glaciers, bubbling streams, and the roar of intense storms; from melody-singing birds to the organlike drone of wind blowing over reeds, the sounds Krause has experienced and describes are like no others. And from recording jaguars at night in the Amazon rain forest to encountering mountain gorillas in Africa's Virunga Mountains, Krause offers an intense and intensely personal narrative of the planet's deep and connected natural sounds and rhythm.

The Great Animal Orchestra is the story of one man's pursuit of natural music in its purest form, and an impassioned case for the conservation of one of our most overlooked natural resources-the music of the wild.

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Maps & Macroscopes -- Gaining Insights from BIG Data: Katy Borner at TEDxBloomington

Wed, 08 May 2013 20:34:55 +0000

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Chaos at fifty

Wed, 08 May 2013 20:14:32 +0000

Starting in the 19th century (...) and culminating with a 1963 paper by MIT meteorologist Edward Lorenz (...), a series of developments revealed that the notion of deterministic predictability, although appealingly intuitive, is in practice false for most systems. Small uncertainties in an initial state can indeed become large errors in a final one. Even simple systems for which all forces are known can behave unpredictably. Determinism, surprisingly enough, does not preclude chaos.

Chaos at fifty
Adilson E. Motter and David K. Campbell
Physics Today / Volume 66 / Issue 5, May 2013, page 27

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.1977

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Why Managers Haven't Embraced Complexity

Wed, 08 May 2013 20:10:07 +0000

Why did this interest and work in complexity not lead to major changes in management practices? There are, I think, a few major reasons that it didn't — and that also suggest that the overdue change might now finally take place.

Why Managers Haven't Embraced Complexity
by Richard Straub

http://blogs.hbr.org/cs/2013/05/why_managers_havent_embraced_c.html

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Latin American Workshop on Nonlinear Phenomena, XIII LAWNP

Wed, 08 May 2013 19:32:54 +0000

You are cordially invited to participate in the thirteenth biennial Latin American Workshop on Nonlinear Phenomena, XIII LAWNP, to be held in Villa Carlos Paz, Córdoba, Argentina, from October 21 to October 25, 2013. The Workshop will begin on Monday noon and it will end on Friday at late evening. The main Workshop activities will be at the Portal del Lago Hotel located in a natural environment with an ideal atmosphere that promotes interactions between established senior scientists, junior researchers and PhD students.

http://www.famaf.unc.edu.ar/lawnp2013/

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Exploring Default Mode and Information Flow on the Web

Wed, 08 May 2013 19:22:53 +0000

Social networking services (e.g., Twitter, Facebook) are now major sources of World Wide Web (called “Web”) dynamics, together with Web search services (e.g., Google). These two types of Web services mutually influence each other but generate different dynamics. In this paper, we distinguish two modes of Web dynamics: the reactive mode and the default mode. It is assumed that Twitter messages (called “tweets”) and Google search queries react to significant social movements and events, but they also demonstrate signs of becoming self-activated, thereby forming a baseline Web activity. We define the former as the reactive mode and the latter as the default mode of the Web. In this paper, we investigate these reactive and default modes of the Web's dynamics using transfer entropy (TE). The amount of information transferred between a time series of 1,000 frequent keywords in Twitter and the same keywords in Google queries is investigated across an 11-month time period.(...)

Oka M, Ikegami T (2013) Exploring Default Mode and Information Flow on the Web. PLoS ONE 8(4): e60398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060398

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Complex Networks 2013

Wed, 08 May 2013 15:11:35 +0000

Second International Workshop on Complex Networks and their Applications
Kyoto, Japan, 2-5 December 2013
http://complexnetworks.org

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2013 Chile Complex Systems Summer School

Mon, 06 May 2013 16:52:18 +0000

The Santa Fe Institute and the Universidad del Desarrollo are now accepting applications for the 2013 Chile Complex Systems Summer School.
To Register, visit www.santafe.edu/chile

Click here to edit the content

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Globally networked risks and how to respond

Thu, 02 May 2013 23:48:14 +0000

Today’s strongly connected, global networks have produced highly interdependent systems that we do not understand and cannot control well. These systems are vulnerable to failure at all scales, posing serious threats to society, even when external shocks are absent. As the complexity and interaction strengths in our networked world increase, man-made systems can become unstable, creating uncontrollable situations even when decision-makers are well-skilled, have all data and technology at their disposal, and do their best. To make these systems manageable, a fundamental redesign is needed. A ‘Global Systems Science’ might create the required knowledge and paradigm shift in thinking.

Globally networked risks and how to respond

Dirk Helbing
Nature 497, 51–59 (02 May 2013) http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12047

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Networks in Cognitive Science

Thu, 02 May 2013 23:46:12 +0000

Networks of interconnected nodes have long played a key role in cognitive science, from artificial neural networks to spreading activation models of semantic memory. Recently, however, a new Network Science has been developed, providing insights into the emergence of global, system-scale properties in contexts as diverse as the Internet, metabolic reactions or collaborations among scientists. Today, the inclusion of network theory into cognitive sciences, and the expansion of complex systems science, promises to significantly change the way in which the organization and dynamics of cognitive and behavioral processes are understood. In this paper, we review recent contributions of network theory at different levels and domains within the cognitive sciences.

Networks in Cognitive Science

Andrea Baronchelli, Ramon Ferrer-i-Cancho, Romualdo Pastor-Satorras, Nick Chater, Morten H. Christiansen

http://arxiv.org/abs/1304.6736

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Formal Model of Living Organisms

Thu, 02 May 2013 23:15:48 +0000

A modeling formalism is proposed for the description and study of living and life-like systems. It provides an abstract conceptual model framework for real life and evolution of biological organisms. It is proposed, that this model formalism provides a novel system view and immediately applicable conceptual tools for understanding real life and evolution of biological organisms. The modeling principle is very generic, suggesting that it can be directly applied also to the study of engineered and artificial systems.

Formal Model of Living Organisms

Margareta Segerståhl

http://arxiv.org/abs/1304.5090

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Network modularity promotes cooperation

Thu, 02 May 2013 22:26:40 +0000

Cooperation in animals and humans is widely observed even if evolutionary biology theories predict the evolution of selfish individuals. Previous game theory models have shown that cooperation can evolve when the game takes place in a structured population such as a social network because it limits interactions between individuals. Modularity, the natural division of a network into groups, is a key characteristic of all social networks but the influence of this crucial social feature on the evolution of cooperation has never been investigated. Here, we provide novel pieces of evidence that network modularity promotes the evolution of cooperation in 2-person prisoner's dilemma games. By simulating games on social networks of different structures, we show that modularity shapes interactions between individuals favouring the evolution of cooperation. Modularity provides a simple mechanism for the evolution of cooperation without having to invoke complicated mechanisms such as reputation or punishment, or requiring genetic similarity among individuals. Thus, cooperation can evolve over wider social contexts than previously reported.

Network modularity promotes cooperation
Marianne Marcoux, David Lusseau

Journal of Theoretical Biology
Volume 324, 7 May 2013, Pages 103–108

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.12.012

Complexity Digest's insight:
Modularity is prevalent in natural and artificial systems. A modular structure reduces the probability of "damage" or "perturbations" to spread through a network. More at:
Modular Random Boolean NetworksRodrigo Poblanno-Balp and Carlos GershensonArtificial Life 2011 17:4, 331-351
http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00042

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Quantifying Collective Attention from Tweet Stream

Thu, 02 May 2013 22:21:07 +0000

We propose a simple method for detecting and measuring the collective attention evoked by various types of events. This method exploits the fact that tweeting activity exhibits a burst-like increase and an irregular oscillation when a particular real-world event occurs; otherwise, it follows regular circadian rhythms.(...)we demonstrate the effectiveness of this method using a large dataset that contained approximately 490 million Japanese tweets by over 400,000 users, in which we identified 60 cases of collective attentions, including one related to the Tohoku-oki earthquake.

Sasahara K, Hirata Y, Toyoda M, Kitsuregawa M, Aihara K (2013) Quantifying Collective Attention from Tweet Stream. PLoS ONE 8(4): e61823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061823

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Complex systems: counterintuitive behavior and disproportionate causal effects

Thu, 02 May 2013 20:03:54 +0000

Presentation on the counterintuitive behavior and disproportionate causal effects of complex system. Illustration
using the the example of restaurant dynamics determined by the quality. The simulation is applied to Discrete Duty and Analogue Action.

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ECCS'13: Satellite Meeting INFORMATION PROCESSING IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS (IPCS'13)

Thu, 02 May 2013 20:03:25 +0000

ECCS'13: Satellite Meeting
INFORMATION PROCESSING IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS (IPCS'13)

Wednesday September 18th, 2013
World Trade Center, Barcelona

All systems in nature have one thing in common: they process information. Information is registered in the state of a system and its elements, implicitly and invisibly. As elements interact, information is transferred. Indeed, bits of information about the state of one element will travel – imperfectly – to the state of the other element, forming its new state. This storage and transfer of information, possibly between levels of a multi level system, is imperfect due to randomness or noise. From this viewpoint, a system can be formalized as a collection of bits that is organized according to its rules of dynamics and its topology of interactions. Mapping out exactly how these bits of information percolate through the system could reveal new fundamental insights in how the parts orchestrate to produce the properties of the system. A theory of information processing would be capable of defining a set of universal properties of dynamical multi level complex systems, which describe and compare the dynamics of diverse complex systems ranging from social interaction to brain networks, from financial markets to biomedicine. Each possible combination of rules of dynamics and topology of interactions, with disparate semantics, would reduce to a single language of information processing.

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WORKSHOP ON TIME DELAY SYSTEMS – Stability & Control in Applications

Wed, 01 May 2013 00:11:08 +0000

2013 EUROPEAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, ZURICH, SWITZERLAND

http://www.ecc13.ch

WORKSHOP ON TIME DELAY SYSTEMS – Stability & Control in Applications

http://www1.coe.neu.edu/~rifat/ECC_Workshop-WEB.pdf

July 16, 2013 – 9.00 am – 5.30 pm

Lecturers:

Fatihcan M. Atay, GERMANY

Dimitri Breda, ITALY

Wim Michiels, BELGIUM

Silviu-Iulian Niculescu, FRANCE

Hitay Ozbay, TURKEY

Rifat Sipahi, USA

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Birdsong, Speech, and Language: Exploring the Evolution of Mind and Brain

Mon, 29 Apr 2013 20:03:05 +0000

Scholars have long been captivated by the parallels between birdsong and human speech and language. In this book, leading scholars draw on the latest research to explore what birdsong can tell us about the biology of human speech and language and the consequences for evolutionary biology. They examine the cognitive and neural similarities between birdsong learning and speech and language acquisition, considering vocal imitation, auditory learning, an early vocalization phase ("babbling"), the structural properties of birdsong and human language, and the striking similarities between the neural organization of learning and vocal production in birdsong and human speech. After outlining the basic issues involved in the study of both language and evolution, the contributors compare birdsong and language in terms of acquisition, recursion, and core structural properties, and then examine the neurobiology of song and speech, genomic factors, and the emergence and evolution of language.

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Surfaces and Essences: Analogy as the Fuel and Fire of Thinking (by Douglas Hofstadter and Emmanuel Sander)

Mon, 29 Apr 2013 20:02:42 +0000

Analogy is the core of all thinking.

This is the simple but unorthodox premise that Pulitzer Prize–winning author Douglas Hofstadter and French psychologist Emmanuel Sander defend in their new work. Hofstadter has been grappling with the mysteries of human thought for over thirty years. Now, with his trademark wit and special talent for making complex ideas vivid, he has partnered with Sander to put forth a highly novel perspective on cognition.

We are constantly faced with a swirling and intermingling multitude of ill-defined situations. Our brain’s job is to try to make sense of this unpredictable, swarming chaos of stimuli. How does it do so? The ceaseless hail of input triggers analogies galore, helping us to pinpoint the essence of what is going on. Often this means the spontaneous evocation of words, sometimes idioms, sometimes the triggering of nameless, long-buried memories.

Why did two-year-old Camille proudly exclaim, “I undressed the banana!”? Why do people who hear a story often blurt out, “Exactly the same thing happened to me!” when it was a completely different event? How do we recognize an aggressive driver from a split-second glance in our rearview mirror? What in a friend’s remark triggers the offhand reply, “That’s just sour grapes”? What did Albert Einstein see that made him suspect that light consists of particles when a century of research had driven the final nail in the coffin of that long-dead idea?

The answer to all these questions, of course, is analogy-making—the meat and potatoes, the heart and soul, the fuel and fire, the gist and the crux, the lifeblood and the wellsprings of thought. Analogy-making, far from happening at rare intervals, occurs at all moments, defining thinking from top to toe, from the tiniest and most fleeting thoughts to the most creative scientific insights.

Like Gödel, Escher, Bach before it, Surfaces and Essences will profoundly enrich our understanding of our own minds. By plunging the reader into an extraordinary variety of colorful situations involving language, thought, and memory, by revealing bit by bit the constantly churning cognitive mechanisms normally completely hidden from view, and by discovering in them one central, invariant core—the incessant, unconscious quest for strong analogical links to past experiences—this book puts forth a radical and deeply surprising new vision of the act of thinking.

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The Golden Ticket: P, NP, and the Search for the Impossible (by Lance Fortnow)

Mon, 29 Apr 2013 20:02:27 +0000

The P-NP problem is the most important open problem in computer science, if not all of mathematics. The Golden Ticket provides a nontechnical introduction to P-NP, its rich history, and its algorithmic implications for everything we do with computers and beyond. In this informative and entertaining book, Lance Fortnow traces how the problem arose during the Cold War on both sides of the Iron Curtain, and gives examples of the problem from a variety of disciplines, including economics, physics, and biology. He explores problems that capture the full difficulty of the P-NP dilemma, from discovering the shortest route through all the rides at Disney World to finding large groups of friends on Facebook. But difficulty also has its advantages. Hard problems allow us to safely conduct electronic commerce and maintain privacy in our online lives.

The Golden Ticket explores what we truly can and cannot achieve computationally, describing the benefits and unexpected challenges of the P-NP problem.

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Time Reborn: From the Crisis in Physics to the Future of the Universe (by Lee Smolin)

Mon, 29 Apr 2013 20:01:59 +0000

What is time?

This deceptively simple question is the single most important problem facing science as we probe more deeply into the fundamentals of the universe. All of the mysteries physicists and cosmologists face—from the Big Bang to the future of the universe, from the puzzles of quantum physics to the unification of forces and particles—come down to the nature of time.

The fact that time is real may seem obvious. You experience it passing every day when you watch clocks tick, bread toast, and children grow. But most physicists, from Newton to Einstein to today’s quantum theorists, have seen things differently. The scientific case for time being an illusion is formidable. That is why the consequences of adopting the view that time is real are revolutionary.

Lee Smolin, author of the controversial bestseller The Trouble with Physics, argues that a limited notion of time is holding physics back. It’s time for a major revolution in scientific thought. The reality of time could be the key to the next big breakthrough in theoretical physics.

What if the laws of physics themselves were not timeless? What if they could evolve? Time Reborn offers a radical new approach to cosmology that embraces the reality of time and opens up a whole new universe of possibilities. There are few ideas that, like our notion of time, shape our thinking about literally everything, with huge implications for physics and beyond—from climate change to the economic crisis. Smolin explains in lively and lucid prose how the true nature of time impacts our world.

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Workshop 2013 - ETH Risk Center: Vulnerability and resilience of supply chains

Mon, 29 Apr 2013 14:30:03 +0000

Workshop 2013 - ETH Risk Center: Vulnerability and resilience of supply chains
ETH Zurich (Switzerland), September 12-13, 2013

http://www.soms.ethz.ch/workshop2013

Topics
Supply chains as economic networks and “critical infrastructures”
Response to external shocks and inherent instabilities
Risk reduction, disaster response management, and insurance issues
The following questions will be addressed:
What kinds of hazards are there? What are the challenges?
What does the interaction of regulators and the industry look like during a critical event?
What are the critical parts in supply chains seen from the different perspectives? How can one identify them, what could be improved?

Speakers
The following speakers have already confirmed
Prof. Dr. Yossi Sheffi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Prof. Dr. Paul Schönsleben, ETH Zurich
Prof. Dr. ManMohan Sodhi, Cass Business School London
Prof. Dr. Anna Nagurney, University of Massachusetts
Prof. Dr. Uta Jüttner, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts
Dr. Till Becker, Jacobs University Bremen
Dr. Robert de Souza, Executive Director of the The Logistics Institute - Asia Pacific (TLI - Asia Pacific)
Dr. Kamil Mizgier, UBS
Adrian Clements, General Manager Asset Risk Management, ArcelorMittal
Paul Kriegbaum, Fraport AG

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Erik Brynjolfsson: The key to growth? Race with the machines

Wed, 24 Apr 2013 19:02:48 +0000

As machines take on more jobs, many find themselves out of work or with raises indefinitely postponed. Is this the end of growth? No, says Erik Brynjolfsson -- it’s simply the growing pains of a radically reorganized economy. A riveting case for why big innovations are ahead of us … if we think of computers as our teammates. Be sure to watch the opposing viewpoint from Robert Gordon.

Complexity Digest's insight:
Interesting views and data about human-machine symbiosis.

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The Hand, an Organ of the Mind

Tue, 23 Apr 2013 17:15:16 +0000

"Cartesian-inspired dualism enforces a theoretical distinction between the motor and the cognitive and locates the mental exclusively in the head. This collection, focusing on the hand, challenges this dichotomy, offering theoretical and empirical perspectives on the interconnectedness and interdependence of the manual and mental. The contributors explore the possibility that the hand, far from being the merely mechanical executor of preconceived mental plans, possesses its own know-how, enabling “enhanded” beings to navigate the natural, social, and cultural world without engaging propositional thought, consciousness, and deliberation.

The contributors consider not only broad philosophical questions—ranging from the nature of embodiment, enaction, and the extended mind to the phenomenology of agency—but also such specific issues as touching, grasping, gesturing, sociality, and simulation. They show that the capacities of the hand include perception (on its own and in association with other modalities), action, (extended) cognition, social interaction, and communication. Taken together, their accounts offer a handbook of cutting-edge research exploring the ways that the manual shapes and reshapes the mental and creates conditions for embodied agents to act in the world".

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Alessandro Vespignani on Cambridge Nights

Mon, 22 Apr 2013 19:26:35 +0000

Alessandro Vespignani talks with us about networks and epidemic spreading.

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Marta Gonzalez on Cambridge Nights

Mon, 22 Apr 2013 19:25:30 +0000

Marta Gonzalez talks with us about how big data can be used to understand human mobility and the diffusion of online technologies.

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Stephen Wolfram: Talking about the Computational Future at SXSW 2013

Mon, 22 Apr 2013 16:33:18 +0000

Transcript of Stephen Wolfram’s SXSW 2013 presentation. Discusses his vision of what computation will do for people in the future. Not only as it applies to science and knowledge discovery, but also as it pertains to personal well-being.

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Dan Ariely: What makes us feel good about our work?

Fri, 12 Apr 2013 15:30:44 +0000

What motivates us to work? Contrary to conventional wisdom, it isn't just money. But it's not exactly joy either. It seems that most of us thrive by making constant progress and feeling a sense of purpose. Behavioral economist Dan Ariely presents two eye-opening experiments that reveal our unexpected and nuanced attitudes toward meaning in our work.

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Complex Networks 2013

Thu, 11 Apr 2013 16:37:05 +0000

Second International Workshop on Complex Networks and their Applications

COMPLEX NETWORKS 2013

Kyoto, Japan, 2-5 December 2013

https://sites.google.com/site/complexnetworks13/

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Network Factory 2013 - A Network Science Summer School

Wed, 10 Apr 2013 14:56:22 +0000

Networks are ubiquitous and the scientific discipline of network science has flourished in the last decade. As a means to study complex interactions, two particular application areas are social and information science. On the one hand side, the www as a pool of hyper-linked information can be represented with the help of networks (and this representation is the basis for google’s Page-rank algorithm), on the other hand side services like facebook, twitter or flickr provide the means for people to establish social networks of never-seen size – and hence provide the basis for what is now called computational sociology.

The scope of this this summer school is to provide PhD students and early PostDocs with a comprehensive 1-week insight into the “power of networks” in an information science and social media setting. In Six to nine lectures, established and well-known researchers (from Europe, US and Asia) will present cutting-edge research as well as provide the participants with valuable insight into challenges and methods.

The Summer School will take place from 10th to 15th June in Höllviken (south of Sweden, 1h by train from Copenhagen, Denmark), right after NetSci 2013.

http://networkfactory2013.wordpress.com

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Dynamic Networks and Social Behavior | Lipari School on Computational Complex Systems

Mon, 08 Apr 2013 14:20:59 +0000

Lipari School on Computational Complex Systems Jacob T. Schwartz International School for Scientific Research

Dynamic Networks and Social Behavior
July 6 - July 13, 2013, Lipari Island

http://lipari.dipmat.unict.it/LipariSchool/ComplexSystems/

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Music and the Origins of Language | International Summer School on Agent-based Computational Models of Creativity

Thu, 04 Apr 2013 14:22:23 +0000

The school is intended for postdocs, lecturers and predocs with a background in computer science (artificial intelligence) or computational linguistics (corpus linguistics or natural language processing) and a strong interest in music and the origins of language. There will be background lectures that introduce concepts from biology, anthropology, psychology, music theory and linguistics that are helpful to understand the nature of creativity, the role and intimate relations between language and music, and the mechanisms underlying cultural evolution. It contains technical lectures on the fundamental computational components required for language processing and technical ateliers to learn how to set up evolutionary linguistics experiments. Participants have the opportunity to present their latest research in a poster session. The school also features artistic ateliers in which participants create new creative works and engage in performance.

Music and the Origins of Language
International Summer School on Agent-based Computational Models of Creativity, 15 – 20 September 2013 in Cortona (Italy)

http://ai.vub.ac.be/events/cortona-2013

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Stewart Brand: The dawn of de-extinction. Are you ready?

Wed, 03 Apr 2013 20:09:00 +0000

Throughout humankind's history, we've driven species after species extinct: the passenger pigeon, the Eastern cougar, the dodo ... But now, says Stewart Brand, we have the technology (and the biology) to bring back species that humanity wiped out. So -- should we? Which ones? He asks a big question whose answer is closer than you may think.

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Business Complexity & the Global Leader Conference: Rethinking Policy and Practice in Today's Financial System

Tue, 02 Apr 2013 20:25:24 +0000

Bringing leaders from around the globe in science and practice from across disciplines together to explore and advance our understanding of complex systems in our modern world and the implications for opportunity and risk.
Boston, MA, 2013-4-29

http://businesscomplexity.com/bizcom2013/

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Cesar Hidalgo: The Structure and Dynamics of Cultural Exports

Tue, 02 Apr 2013 18:53:04 +0000

At MIT 13/14 February 2013

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Math:Rules - Strange Attractors

Fri, 29 Mar 2013 15:22:47 +0000

I wanted to create a series of pictures representing mathematical shapes on white background, like a "tribute to mathematics" that I often use in my work. I chose the "strange attractors" for their dynamic forms and "chaotic feel".

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A Computable Universe: Understanding and Exploring Nature as Computation

Mon, 25 Mar 2013 15:42:47 +0000

This volume, with a foreword by Sir Roger Penrose, discusses the foundations of computation in relation to nature.
It focuses on two main questions:

What is computation?
How does nature compute?
The contributors are world-renowned experts who have helped shape a cutting-edge computational understanding of the universe. They discuss computation in the world from a variety of perspectives, ranging from foundational concepts to pragmatic models to ontological conceptions and philosophical implications.

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STCAN 2013: State-Topology Coevolution in Adaptive Networks

Mon, 25 Mar 2013 15:30:43 +0000

Adaptive networks are networks whose topologies and states dynamically interact and coevolve. Modeling and predicting the dynamics of such networks is now recognized as one of the most significant challenges in network science.

STCAN 2013: NetSci 2013 Satellite Symposium on State-Topology Coevolution in Adaptive Networks solicits theoretical, computational, experimental and/or application-oriented research on any aspects of adaptive networks---either biological, social, or engineered. Its goals are to promote growth of the community on this emerging field of network research, to help develop common conceptual "languages" for modeling, analyzing and discussing the state-topology coevolution of various real-world adaptive networks, and thereby to galvanize interdisciplinary discussion and collaboration across many different areas of applications.

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The World Until Yesterday: What we can learn from traditional societies

Fri, 22 Mar 2013 20:07:55 +0000

Jared Diamond - the Pulitzer Prize-winning 'master storyteller of the human race' - reveals how traditional societies provide us with important and often overlooked insights into human nature.

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Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think (by Viktor Mayer-Schonberger, Kenneth Cukier)

Fri, 22 Mar 2013 17:13:04 +0000

A revelatory exploration of the hottest trend in technology and the dramatic impact it will have on the economy, science, and society at large.

Which paint color is most likely to tell you that a used car is in good shape? How can officials identify the most dangerous New York City manholes before they explode? And how did Google searches predict the spread of the H1N1 flu outbreak?

The key to answering these questions, and many more, is big data. “Big data” refers to our burgeoning ability to crunch vast collections of information, analyze it instantly, and draw sometimes profoundly surprising conclusions from it. This emerging science can translate myriad phenomena—from the price of airline tickets to the text of millions of books—into searchable form, and uses our increasing computing power to unearth epiphanies that we never could have seen before. A revolution on par with the Internet or perhaps even the printing press, big data will change the way we think about business, health, politics, education, and innovation in the years to come. It also poses fresh threats, from the inevitable end of privacy as we know it to the prospect of being penalized for things we haven’t even done yet, based on big data’s ability to predict our future behavior.

In this brilliantly clear, often surprising work, two leading experts explain what big data is, how it will change our lives, and what we can do to protect ourselves from its hazards. Big Data is the first big book about the next big thing.

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Neuro: The New Brain Sciences and the Management of the Mind (by Nikolas Rose, Joelle M. Abi-Rached)

Fri, 22 Mar 2013 17:11:58 +0000

The brain sciences are influencing our understanding of human behavior as never before, from neuropsychiatry and neuroeconomics to neurotheology and neuroaesthetics. Many now believe that the brain is what makes us human, and it seems that neuroscientists are poised to become the new experts in the management of human conduct. Neuro describes the key developments--theoretical, technological, economic, and biopolitical--that have enabled the neurosciences to gain such traction outside the laboratory. It explores the ways neurobiological conceptions of personhood are influencing everything from child rearing to criminal justice, and are transforming the ways we "know ourselves" as human beings. In this emerging neuro-ontology, we are not "determined" by our neurobiology: on the contrary, it appears that we can and should seek to improve ourselves by understanding and acting on our brains.

Neuro examines the implications of this emerging trend, weighing the promises against the perils, and evaluating some widely held concerns about a neurobiological "colonization" of the social and human sciences. Despite identifying many exaggerated claims and premature promises, Neuro argues that the openness provided by the new styles of thought taking shape in neuroscience, with its contemporary conceptions of the neuromolecular, plastic, and social brain, could make possible a new and productive engagement between the social and brain sciences.

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The Evolution of Emotional Communication: From Sounds in Nonhuman Mammals to Speech and Music in Man (by Eckart Altenmuller, Sabine Schmidt, Elke Zimmermann)

Fri, 22 Mar 2013 17:11:43 +0000

Why do we think that we can understand animal voices - such as the aggressive barking of a pet dog, and the longing meows of the family cat? Why do we think of deep voices as dominant and high voices as submissive. Are there universal principles governing our own communication system? Can we even see how close animals are related to us by constructing an evolutionary tree based on similarities and dissimilarities in acoustic signaling?

Research on the role of emotions in acoustic communication and its evolution has often been neglected, despite its obvious role in our daily life. When we infect others with our laugh, soothe a crying baby with a lullaby, or get goose bumps listening to classical music, we are barely aware of the complex processes upon which this behavior is based. It is not facial expressions or body language that are affecting us, but sound. They are present in music and speech as "emotional prosody" and allow us to communicate not only verbally but also emotionally.

This groundbreaking book presents a thorough exploration into how acoustically conveyed emotions are generated and processed in both animals and man. It is the first volume to bridge the gap between research in the acoustic communication of emotions in humans with those in animals, using a comparative approach. With the communication of emotions being an important research topic for a range of scientific fields, this book is valuable for those in the fields of animal behaviour, anthropology, evolutionary biology, human psychology, linguistics, musicology, and neurology.

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Chaos, Cnn, Memristors and Beyond (by Andrew Adamatzky, Guanrong Chen)

Fri, 22 Mar 2013 17:11:18 +0000

This invaluable book is a unique collection of tributes to outstanding discoveries pioneered by Leon Chua in nonlinear circuits, cellular neural networks, and chaos. It is comprised of three parts. The first - cellular nonlinear networks, nonlinear circuits and cellular automata - deals with Chua's Lagrangian circuits, cellular wave computers, bio-inspired robotics and neuro-morphic architectures, toroidal chaos, synaptic cellular automata, history of Chua's circuits, cardiac arrhythmias, local activity principle, symmetry breaking and complexity, bifurcation trees, and Chua's views on nonlinear dynamics of cellular automata. Dynamical systems and chaos is the scope of the second part of the book, where we find genius accounts on theory and application of Julia set, stability of dynamical networks, chaotic neural networks and neocortical dynamics, dynamics of piecewise linear systems, chaotic mathematical circuitry, synchronization of oscillators, models of catastrophic events, control of chaotic systems, symbolic dynamics, and solitons. First hand accounts on the discovery of memristors in HP Labs, historical excursions into ancient memristors , analytical analysis of memristors, and hardware memristor emulators are presented in the third and final part of the book.

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TDN13 Temporal and Dynamic Networks NETSCI13 Satellite

Fri, 22 Mar 2013 16:36:52 +0000

TDN 2013 (Temporal and Dynamic Networks: From Data to Models) is a two-day workshop focused on all aspects of temporal and dynamic networks. The workshop is co-located with NetSci 2013,
the annual conference on network science, that will take place
in Copenhagen, Denmark, from 3 to 7 of June, 2013.

Deadline for abstract submission is April 1, 2013.

http://tdn2013.wix.com/tdn2013

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NECSI Summer School on Complex Systems

Tue, 12 Mar 2013 18:11:47 +0000

June 10 - 14, 2013 CX201: Complex Physical, Biological, and Social Systems

June 16, 2013 CX102: Computer Programming and Complex Systems

June 17 - 21, 2013 CX202: Complex Systems Modeling and Networks

Early registration deadline: April 16, 2013

http://www.necsi.edu/education/school.html

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Building Brains to Understand the World's Data

Tue, 12 Mar 2013 15:53:46 +0000

Google Tech Talk
February 12, 2013
Presented by Jeff Hawkins.
ABSTRACT
The neocortex works on principles that are fundamentally different than traditional computers. In this talk I will describe recent advances in understanding the neocortex and how we are applying them to model millions of high velocity data streams.
The talk will start with a description of sparse distributed representations, which are the fundamental units of information in brains. I will then discuss how these representations are learned and how the brain processes them to build predictive models from sensory data. Numenta has built a product called Grok that emulates these capabilities of the neocortex. Grok is being used to understand high velocity machine generated data in many different domains. I will give a brief introduction to Grok and speculate on the future of machine intelligence.

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Ted Kaptchuk – On The Placebo Effect

Tue, 12 Mar 2013 15:32:57 +0000

Ted Kaptchuk talks to us about the placebo effect.
1. What are placebo studies?
2. Is the placebo effect a social phenomena?
3. Could we use the placebo effect to design better healthcare facilities?
4. Can placebo cure patients, or are they only palliative?
5. Was the use of placebos common in the past?
6. Is it possible to use placebos without deception?

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Emerging Technologies for Evolving Systems: Socio-technical, Cyber and Big Data

Tue, 12 Mar 2013 15:23:59 +0000

Authors are invited to submit an abstract and paper for the Complex Adaptive Systems Conference to be held November 13-15, 2013, at the Baltimore Marriott Inner Harbor at Camden Yards in Baltimore, Maryland. This year's theme is "Emerging Technologies for Evolving Systems: Socio-technical, Cyber and Big Data". Abstracts and papers should be submitted in one of the following topical areas.

November 13-15, 2013 | Baltimore, Maryland

http://complexsystems.mst.edu

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Global Sustainability Summer School 2013

Sat, 09 Mar 2013 14:28:12 +0000

Global Sustainability Summer School 2013 – Complex(c)ity – urbanization and energy transitions in a changing climate

July 1-12, 2013, Potsdam, Germany

http://gsss-potsdam.org

The Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) and the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) call for applications from suitable candidates for the 2013 Global Sustainability Summer School. This event which we shall be holding in Potsdam, Germany for the second time is unique of its kind in Europe. It will bring together young scientists, professionals from governmental and non-governmental agencies as well as the private sector from around the world.

This intense two-week (10 working days) programme explores global sustainability issues from a complex systems perspective with particular focus on urbanization, energy transition and climate change.. Participants are expected to attend the programme for the full 12 days (including weekend).

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Dirk Helbing: Global Science and Participatory Computing for our Complex World

Fri, 08 Mar 2013 03:32:47 +0000

Dirk Helbing (ETH Zurich, Switzerland & FuturICT Scientific Coordinator) “Global Science and Participatory Computing for our Complex World”

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Superfreakonomics

Fri, 08 Mar 2013 03:19:26 +0000

Are we really as altruistic as we might like to think? In the RSA's new animation series, we put into pictures Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner's case for re-evaluating the evidence.

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The nature of collective intelligence

Mon, 04 Mar 2013 12:41:16 +0000

Digital data stem from our own personal and social cognitive processes and thus express them in one way or another. But we still don’t have any scientific tools to make sense of the data flows produced by online creative conversations at the scale of the digital medium as a whole.

Presentation by Pierre Levy

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Aaron Sloman - Artificial Intelligence - Psychology - Oxford Interview

Mon, 04 Mar 2013 02:55:32 +0000

Interview at St Anne's College Oxford. Conference: Winter Intelligence put on by the Future of Humanity Institute.
Aaron Sloman is a philosopher and researcher on artificial intelligence and cognitive science. He is the author of several papers on philosophy, epistemology and artificial intelligence. He held the Chair in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science at the School of Computer Science at the University of Birmingham, and before that a chair with the same title at the University of Sussex. He is now working with biologist Jackie Chappell on the evolution of intelligence and is Honorary Professor of Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science at Birmingham.

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Nassim Taleb and Daniel Kahneman discusses Antifragility at NYPL.mp4

Fri, 01 Mar 2013 23:07:31 +0000

Nassim Taleb and Daniel Kahneman discusses Antifragility at NYPL on Feb 5, 2013 www.pleasemishandle.com/videos/

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Call for Poster Abstracts: 7th International Workshop on Self-Organizing Systems

Fri, 01 Mar 2013 15:27:50 +0000

IWSOS 2013
7th International Workshop on Self-organizing Systems
http://ifisc.uib-csic.es/iwsos2013/
Palma de Mallorca, Spain
May 9-10, 2013
Technical co-sponsors: IFIP TC6 WG6.2, EC FP7 NoE EINS
Poster Abstract Submission Deadline: March 15, 2013

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Sugata Mitra: Build a School in the Cloud

Wed, 27 Feb 2013 21:46:41 +0000

Onstage at TED2013, Sugata Mitra makes his bold TED Prize wish: Help me design the School in the Cloud, a learning lab in India, where children can explore and learn from each other -- using resources and mentoring from the cloud. Hear his inspiring vision for Self Organized Learning Environments (SOLE), and learn more at tedprize.org.

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Tenure Track Faculty Position in Systems Pharmacology, UCSF

Tue, 26 Feb 2013 22:01:48 +0000

Tenure Track Faculty Position in Systems Pharmacology
Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences
University of California, San Francisco

The UCSF Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (BTS) invites applications for a tenure track position at the Assistant or Associate Professor level. Expertise in systems pharmacology is preferred.

http://bts.ucsf.edu/careers/

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Heinz von Foerster - Autopoiesis

Tue, 26 Feb 2013 17:53:01 +0000

High Tech Heroes with Sherwin Gooch, episode number 10, part 1, directed by Hud Nordin: Cybenetician Heinz von Foerster discusses the founding of Cybernetics...

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Applied Complexity - Taking it to the Island

Tue, 26 Feb 2013 17:51:45 +0000

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Regularity and Complexity in Dynamical Systems (by Albert C. J. Luo)

Mon, 25 Feb 2013 23:26:35 +0000

Regularity and Complexity in Dynamical Systems describes periodic and chaotic behaviors in dynamical systems, including continuous, discrete, impulsive,discontinuous, and switching systems. In traditional analysis, the periodic and chaotic behaviors in continuous, nonlinear dynamical systems were extensively discussed even if unsolved. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of interest in periodic and chaotic behaviors in discontinuous dynamical systems because such dynamical systems are prevalent in engineering. Usually,the smoothening of discontinuous dynamical system is adopted in order to use the theory of continuous dynamical systems. However, such technique cannot provide suitable results in such discontinuous systems. In this book, an alternative way is presented to discuss the periodic and chaotic behaviors in discontinuous dynamical systems.

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Chaos in Nature (by Christophe Letellier)

Mon, 25 Feb 2013 23:26:27 +0000

Chaos theory deals with the description of motion (in a general sense) which cannot be predicted in the long term although produced by deterministic system, as well exemplified by meteorological phenomena. It directly comes from the Lunar theory -- a three-body problem -- and the difficulty encountered by astronomers to accurately predict the long-term evolution of the Moon using "Newtonian" mechanics. Henri Poincare's deep intuitions were at the origin of chaos theory. They also led the meteorologist Edward Lorenz to draw the first chaotic attractor ever published. But the main idea consists of plotting a curve representative of the system evolution rather than finding an analytical solution as commonly done in classical mechanics. Such a novel approach allows the description of population interactions and the solar activity as well. Using the original sources, the book draws on the history of the concepts underlying chaos theory from the 17th century to the last decade, and by various examples, show how general is this theory in a wide range of applications: meteorology, chemistry, populations, astrophysics, biomedicine, etc.

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Complexity in Chemistry and Beyond: Interplay Theory and Experiment: New and Old Aspects of Complexity in Modern Research

Mon, 25 Feb 2013 23:26:18 +0000

Complexity occurs in biological and synthetic systems alike. This general phenomenon has been addressed in recent publications by investigators in disciplines ranging from chemistry and biology to psychology and philosophy. Studies of complexity for molecular scientists have focussed on breaking symmetry, dissipative processes, and emergence. Investigators in the social and medical sciences have focused on neurophenomenology, cognitive approaches and self-consciousness. Complexity in both structure and function is inherent in many scientific disciplines of current significance and also in technologies of current importance that are rapidly evolving to address global societal needs. Several of these multifaceted scientific disciplines are addressed in this book including complexity from the general and philosophical perspective, magnetic phenomena, control of self assembly and function in large multicomponent clusters, application of theory to probe structure and mechanism in highly complex molecular species, and the design of multifunctional nanoscale molecules of value in decontamination and solar fuels research. Each chapter is both a review and addresses some ongoing challenges, thus each should provide a good preparation for further work in these highly active areas of research endeavour.

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Complex Human Dynamics: From Mind to Societies (by Andrzej Nowak et al.)

Mon, 25 Feb 2013 23:26:07 +0000

This book, edited and authored by a closely collaborating network of social scientists and psychologists, recasts typical research topics in these fields into the language of nonlinear, dynamic and complex systems. The aim is to provide scientists with different backgrounds - physics, applied mathematics and computer sciences - with the opportunity to apply the tools of their trade to an altogether new range of possible applications. At the same time, this book will serve as a first reference for a new generation of social scientists and psychologists wishing to familiarize themselves with the new methodology and the "thinking in complexity".

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7th Annual French Complex Systems Summer School

Wed, 20 Feb 2013 19:08:25 +0000

7th Annual French Complex Systems Summer School

"Collective Behaviour and Mobility in Complex Systems"
Le Havre, July 9th to 18th, 2013

http://www.iscpif.fr/CSSS2013

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Third European Ph.D. School on Mathematical Modeling of Complex Systems

Tue, 19 Feb 2013 21:20:36 +0000

http://nlsconf.physics.uoc.gr

15 – 27 July, 2013

Location: Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete, Heraklion, Greece (http://www.teicrete.gr/tei/en/)

This Ph.D. School is intended for postgraduate students primarily from European countries (but students from other countries are also invited to apply) and offers four coherent lecture courses, taught by experts in each field, on:

I. Foundations of Complexity Science

Steven Bishop (London)
Tassos Bountis (Patras)
David K. Campbell (Boston)
Gregoire Nicolis (Brussels)

II. Complex Networks: Theory and Applications

Panos Argyrakis (Thessaloniki)
Barouch Barzel (Boston)
Jeff Johnson (London)

III. Complex Quantum Systems

Jurgen Lisenfeld (Karlsruhe)
Tsampikos Kottos (Wesleyan)
Stelios Tzortzakis (Heraklion)
Giorgos Tsironis (Heraklion)
Xenophon Zotos (Heraklion)

IV. Complexity in Social Sciences

Rosaria Conte (Rome)
Dirk Helbing (Zurich)
Klaus Mainzer (Munich)

The School is dedicated to the memory of Professor John S. Nicolis
A special poster competition will take place and a "John S. Nicolis prize" will be awarded to the student with the best poster presentation.

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Miguel Nicolelis: A monkey that controls a robot with its thoughts

Tue, 19 Feb 2013 19:44:39 +0000

Can we use our brains to directly control machines -- without requiring a body as the middleman? Miguel Nicolelis talks through an astonishing experiment, in which a clever monkey in the US learns to control a monkey avatar, and then a robot arm in Japan, purely with its thoughts. The research has big implications for quadraplegic people -- and maybe for all of us.

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V International Biennial Symposium “Complexity 2013 – for a Sustainable Development

Thu, 14 Feb 2013 23:49:37 +0000

June 3 - 5, 2013
University of Camaguey "Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz", Cuba

https://sites.google.com/site/complejidad2013camaguey/complexity2013

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