Computer Profi Blog

Mythbuntu / Mythtv and Ubuntu

2008-06-14T16:44:00.006+02:00

It's been a while. Last year, the xmltv scripts for the German EPG tvtoday broke and nobody seemed to be able to fix them. Having no time to fiddle with them myself I decided to give MediaPortal (for Windows) a try. Well. What can I say? It is fairly easy to get started and some things are really easy to set up (e.g. hibernate and wake up, WLAN (I keep having with my USB stick under Linux)). But other things just drove me crazy. (EPG randomly being off by one day, random freezes etc.) What bugged me most was the overall sluggish interface.

I wanted back my old MythTV. And here I am. This time I chose Mythbuntu instead of Knoppmyth and I can say that I am very pleased with the result. I am using v. 8.04 ("hardy heron"). Besides my usual problems (WLAN + WPA on a Linksys WUSB54G v1 not working reliably) I cannot complain.

Here is small note to myself and whoever is interessted about the correct settings for an old ASUS K8N (nforce3 250 chipset) to get it working with acpi-wakeup correctly. This is true for BIOS version 1009 (briefly displayed at the bottom when entering the BIOS setup), I don't know about the more recent versions.

- DISABLE RTC wake-up in the BIOS (yes, DISABLE!)
- Follow instructions from the Ubuntu-Documentation

Upgrading KnoppMyth R5A22 to R5B7

2007-09-26T10:02:00.000+02:00

Prelude

If you are familiar with KnoppMyth R5A22 then you know that upgrading was not recommended for a long time due to some problems with this release. Since my box worked (almost) perfectly with R5A22 I did not care very much. But recently I start having problems. It started when I installed a second harddrive to add some storage space for my TV recordings.

First I thought the problem was the file system. I had chosen ReiserFS without doing any research on it, just remembering that it is a journaling file system, which always seems like a good idea. On my other partitions I had switched to XFS a long time ago since I found ext3 to be very (very!) slow on deletions of large files (which was one of my main occupations :-).

The problem that appeared were these: When watching a recently made recording (one that was freshly stored on the new partition) it simply stopped in the middle of it and then returned me to the menu, just as if it had reached the end of the recording. I used "mythfrontend" from an xterm to see if there were any erros (since "dmesg" did not show anything and the backend-log neither). Turns out, mythfrontend complains about some problem with some prebuffer timeout in connection with an mpeg4 error. I don't remember the exact wording but I figured that it could be the file system. So I switched the new partition to XFS, and the problem was gone.

Until today. It's acting up again. So this time I'll try an upgrade, since the KnoppMyth editor explicitly mentions in the forum that R5A22 users can upgrade to this new version.

Step 1

Backup current partition as described in an earlier post about upgrading to R5A22 using "dd". Then also use KnoppMyth's backup (found under the Extras menu). The automatic upgrade won't work without the latter.

Step 2

While downloading the iso image I read through this recommended post: (sorry, requires registration).

I then tried the auto-install (without doing anything that was mentioned above just to see what would happen: Lilo didn't work (showing "L 99 99 99 99" and so on on the screen). Oh well, it was worth a try :-)

Step 3

So now I reboot from the KnoppMyth install CD again. My system partition is updated so I switch to a console right away. Here, I mount /dev/hda1 (my system partition), and /proc and /dev, then chroot to it with

# This mounts my system partition
mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1
# We also need /proc in the chroot environment
mount --bind /proc /mnt/hda1/proc
# We need /dev as well
mount --bind /dev /mnt/hda1/dev
# Now chroot
chroot /mnt/hda1
# and call lilo
lilo

Two problems may occur:

1) If lilo complains about not recognizing the "part:" token, then open your lilo.conf ("nano -w /etc/lilo.conf" -- withing the chroot environment!) and remove those lines starting with "part:".

2.) If lilo gives you "Fatal: open /dev/hda: Permission denied" then you probably forgot to mount /proc and /dev before chroot-ing.

OK. I rebooted now to see if this did the trick, and it did -- part of it anyway. Of course, it did not install my old lilo-configuration but the new one from RAB7. That's enough to try out how much is working though.

Step 4

X11 starts OK and KnoppMyth asks me for the root password, then the time zone settings, remote control type and so on. Since my wlan is not yet set up, I configure the eth0 interface to some sensible values.

At the end, the mythfrontend starts, but the backend seems not to work ("could not connect..."). This seems normal, since I did not confige mythtv using myth-setup yet. So I need to do this before I can restore my backup using the mythfrontend.

Step 5: Runnding mythtv-setup

In the general section I leave the IP settings alone. The second page asks for the storage dir for recordings. The default is "/mnt/store", which I do not remember to have before the update. No wonder the backend won't start. I'll set this to my old TV dir, which was /myth/tv and see what happens.

Checking my existing recordings (in the frontend) yields an empty page. After a complete reboot the recordings show up (that's strange). Phoo.

Step 6: Setting up WLAN

Todo

Step 7: Automatic shutdown and startup

I was using NVRAM and some scripts to handle the automatic shutdown and wakeup of my mythbox. NVRAM seems to be installed (apt-get install nvram-wakeup says so) and so I decide to simply copy the scripts from my backup.

Before trying it out, read http://knoppmythwiki.org/index.php?page=WakeupToRecord and remeber to

touch /var/log/mythtv/mythevent.date
touch /var/log/mythtv/mythpreshutdown.log
chmod 777 /var/log/mythtv/mythevent.date
chmod 777 /var/log/mythtv/mythpreshutdown.log

Following that I restore the /etc/nvram-wakeup.conf as well and run the nvram-wakeup command like this (if you'ver never used nvram: better read the docs first, because its different for different mainboards):

nvram-wakeup --configfile=/etc/nvram-wakeup.config --directisa

You also have to make sure that the mythtv can run the necessary commands (like nvram-wakeup, lilo, reboot). I simply restored my old /etc/sudoers from the backup.

-- Update --

Step 8: Setting up video

For some reason the ivtv firmware cannot be loaded on bootup. In the KnoppMyth wiki I found the following information, which helped me solve this (though I don't understand why):

* Edit your /etc/mythtv/modules/ivtv file and remove the "simple=1" option for msp3400.

* Edit your /etc/modules file and remove the line that says "ivtv" around line 45.

* Reboot the system.

* After it comes back up you will need to stop the backend, run mythtv-setup, clear your capture card settings, restablish them and the input connections, and finally exit mythtv-setup and restart the backend. Note that with the new driver you will see a different set of inputs for PVR-150 and PVR-500 cards.

Step 9: restoring lvm settings

I restored the content of /etc/lvm/ and added the init-script for lvm to my boot process by running (source: LVM howto)

update-rc.d lvm start 26 S . stop 82 1 .

(Note the two ".")

Step 10: setting up the remote control

I had to adjust /etc/lirc/hardware.conf to DEVICE=/dev/lirc and also I had to create the /dev/lirc device node (see lirc howto) by running

#First I had to delete the existing one, because it was incorrect
rm /dev/lirc
# Then create it correctly using
mknod /dev/lirc c 61 0

After restarting gdm (/etc/init.d/gdm restart) or rebooting the remote worked once again.

Note:
Send lircrc to knoppmyth@gmail.com

Problems with LILO in a chroot environment

2006-04-27T09:14:00.000+02:00

If you get a problem similar to this one when you run /sbin/lilo in a chroot environment:

/proc/devices: fopen failed: No such file or directory
Is device-mapper driver missing from kernel?
/dev/mapper/control: open failed: Permission denied
Failure to communicate with kernel device-mapper driver.
/proc/devices: fopen failed: No such file or directory
Is device-mapper driver missing from kernel?
/dev/mapper/control: open failed: Permission denied
Failure to communicate with kernel device-mapper driver.
Incompatible libdevmapper 1.01.03 (2005-06-13)(compat) and kernel driver
Fatal: open /dev/hda: Permission denied

you want to try the following outside your chroot, of course:

mount /proc /mnt/hda1/proc --bind
mount /dev /mnt/hda1/dev --bind

Adjust this to fit your drive mappings. What does it do? See "man mount" :-)

Now chroot again and run lilo. Works for me.

KnoppMyth R5A22: Change bootsplash

2005-10-29T16:16:00.000+02:00

I like the bootsplash feature that comes with KnoppMyth, but I don't like the picture :-) Sorry, I just don't. But that's not a big problem as you can configure the splash screen yourself. Simply download a theme you like (e.g. from www.bootsplash.de) and isntall it in the /etc/bootsplash/themes directory. Then run

splash -s -f /etc/bootsplash/themes/YOURTHEME/config/YOURCONFIG.cfg > /boot/initrd.gz

Note the single "greater than" character here.

Upgrading to KnoppMyth R5A22

2005-10-29T11:35:00.000+02:00

After getting the then latest release R5A16 of KnoppMyth to work with my equipment (Hauppauge PVR 500 and remote, which is a "new" MCE remote), I was anxious to upgrade to the newer version. After all, I had to make quite a lot of changes to the default installation (compile current ivtv and things like that).

Step one: Backup your system -- the easy way

I backed up my system partition /dev/hda1 using

dd if=/dev/hda1 of=/mythtv/backup/mybackup_r5a16.img bs=1024k

This will create a complete, block by block, backup of /dev/hda1 in the file /mythtv/backup/mybackup_r5a16.img. This way I will have all my configuration files in case I forget some of the necessary changes. Or I can even revert to my old system by copying the image file back to /dev/hda1 using

dd if=/mythtv/backup/mybackup_r5a16.img of=/dev/hda1 bs=1024k

This will overwrite the contents of /dev/hda1 with the contents of the image file. This will be my last resort. In fact, I do not plan to do this unless something goes terribly wrong. Instead I plan to use the backup only as a reference source for my old config-files. The image file can easily be mounted, making the contents accessable like a regular filesystem using

mount -o loop /mythtv/backup/mybackup_r5a16.img /mnt/backup

This will mount the backup image read only to the mount point /mnt/backup. (You will need to create this mount point first: mkdir /mnt/backup).

Step two: Prepare KnoppMyth for upgrade

This step is even simpler. Just use the the MythTV menu "KnoppMyth" and there "Backup KnoppMyth". This creates archives of important directories and your mysql database and puts them in /mythtv/backup. The upgrade routine of KnoppMyth will use some of this to restore your configuration. This includes e.g. your channel settings and schedule.

Step three: Upgrade KnoppMyth

Now shut down your system and boot from a new KnoppMyth R5A22 CD. Remember to choose the correct language at the lilo-prompt. E.g. "knoppmyth lang=de" for a German keyboard. When the installation menu appears choose "Auto upgrade". If you are sure that you backed up your data you may proceed. Wait till you have to reboot again, remove the disc and reboot from harddisk.

Step four: First boot after upgrading

One thing I noticed was that the screen resolution had changed. This seems to be because of the bootsplash which is now activated by default (see below). The new resolution makes your fonts appear bigger (not in MythTV but everywhere else) which is not so bad, even though I never bothered to change it before.

After the first boot I expected to have to go through the installation process and having to restore my settings by hand. Surprise, surprise, I did not have to. KnoppMyth obviously comes with an upgrade script which works nicely. It prompts you for the root password and then proceeds to restore your settings (the mysql database) and install some stuff as usual. This version also asks for the remote control you are using. I have a MCE-type remote that came with my TV card. It uses the lirc_mceusb2 driver. This one wasn't listed (I thought) but it turns out that choosing the (original) mceusb driver makes the script ask you whether you are using an old or a new version of the remote. Choosing "new" here corresponds to installing the lirc_mceusb2 driver. So I did all this but the script complains that it should be able to autodetect the remote at this point, which it could not. Thus first thing I checked after completing the install was the remote (using "irw", which should output something on the console if you press a button on the remote). But it doesn't work. -- But I'm jumping ahead of myself. Follow the instructions of the upgrade script and reboot your computer one more time. If you chose to install bootsplash (like I did) you will see an image (a version of the KnoppMyth X background) during the boot process instead of the boot messages. Pressing ESCAPE will show the boot messages though.

Step four: Assessing the upgraded system

Instead of checking dmesg to see if there were any error messages I checked to things: Does the remote work (after all the upgrade script had complained) and do my tuners work?

I had already said that my remote did not work. But the tuners do, both of them. This is nice because last time I had to compile ivtv myself. So KnoppMyth obviously now supports the Hauppauge PVR 500 out of the box. The first time I tried the picture seemed to be too big for the screen though. When I tried again this was gone (strange!). All I did in between was call "ivtv -U" which only outputs the available TV norm on the console.

Anyway, next thing I did was changing KnoppMyths settings for the ivtv-cards in /etc/sysconfig/ivtv/cfg-0 and cfg-1. Because I'm in a PAL country I enabled

IVTV_TYPE=PAL

in both files (i.e. for both tuners of my PVR 500). If you use NTSC then you don't have to change anything as this defaults to NTSC. KnoppMyth uses these configuration files in the script /etc/init.d/set_ivtv_params. [I rebooted after this to see its effects. You don't have to do this here.]

Looking at the LiveTV doesn't look as good as it did before, so I checked the output of "dmesg" for any inconsistencies. While doing that I also disabled (using "modconf") some modules that I'm sure I won't need:

under kernel/drivers/media/dvb/bt8xx (do it in this order or it may not work!):

dvb-bt8xx (this will also remove bt878, dst_ca, dst, and bttv and possibly more)

Of course, this did not fix the picture quality. I still have to figure out what's wrong with that.

New MythTV setting

Switching to watching Live TV the first time I had also noticed that the program displayed some weird "Signal %" stuff instead of the show's description. Maybe this is related to the new setting in MythTV (mythfrontend) that can be found under Configuration / TV / General / Local settings. There are two new settings called "Guide language #1" and "Guide language #2". Instead of figuring out it's meaning I simply changed if "Arfa" to "German". Of course, you will want to choose your own language. Note that they do not seem to be strictly in alphabetical order, so keep on looking if you can't find the right language right away.

ndiswrapper

I have a WLAN USB adaper (Linksys WUSB54G) which I run with the ndiswrapper modules. There are other ways of doing this (not using ndiswrapper) but I have no time fiddling around with this so I stick to ndiswrapper.

Because I don't have an Internet connection without this card, I had to use the deb-package on my backup image instead of apt-getting the newest one. I created a mount point for my backup image ("mkdir /mnt/loop") and mounted it there:
mount -r -o lo /mythtv/backup/mybackupr5a22.img /mnt/loop
After doing this I was able to access (read only) all my configuration files and everything else via /mnt/loop. First thing I did was update my locate database so the locate command knows about /mnt/loop.

updatedb

Depending on the number of files and speed of your disks this may take a couple of minutes. Afterwards you can use

locate [part_of_name]

to find any files containing [part_of_name]. If used that to locate the driver files for my wlan card (wusb54g). I found them to be at /mnt/loop/etc/ndiswrapper/wusb54g. Using ndiswrapper I installed them with

ndiswrapper -i /mnt/loop/etc/ndiswrapper/wusb54g/wusb54g.inf

If you have a different card then you will need to supply the driver's .inf-file here. Check with "ndiswrapper -l" afterwards if the drivers were correctly installed.

Because I use WPA to protect my WLAN (you should, too!) I also had to install wpa_supplicant. Again, not yet being able to access the internet I had to use my backup image. This time I looked for wpa ("locate wpa") and found the .deb-package at /mnt/loop/var/cache/wpasupplicant_x_i386.deb" where x is a version string, depending on the version you installed. Use "ls /mnt/loop/var/cache/wpa*" to find the correct one. Mine was wpasupplicant_0.4.4-1_i386.deb so I will use that here. Install the package using

dpkg -i /mnt/loop/var/cache/wpasupplicant_0.4.4-1_i386.deb

You will also want to copy the following configuration files (which pertain to the wlan and network in gerneral):

cp /mnt/loop/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

cp /mnt/loop/etc/default/wpasupplicant /etc/default/wpasupplicant

cp /mnt/loop/etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/interfaces

After that there are a couple of things left to do:

Enable the ndiswrapper-module using modconf (the module is found under "misc", all the way down).
Remove all "linux-wlan-ng" modules using modconf (the modules have their own group right above "misc"). You should disable all of them.
Enalbe wpasupplicant to be started at boot time using
update-rd.d wpasupplicant defaults

This will add the script /etc/init.d/wpasupplicant to your default run-levels (2, 3, and 4).
Start wpasupplicant using

/etc/init.d/wpasupplicant start
Bring up your wlan interface. Mine is called "wlan0" so I do "ifup wlan0". Now you should be able to ping other NICs on you network.

If you used hotplug to bring up your card then you will also want to copy the necessary files. In my case /mnt/loop/etc/hotplug/usb/wlan0 and wlan0.usermap.

Getting the remote to work again

The new upgrade script asks for the type of remote but mine did not work right away. The script installed the correct driver (lirc_mceusb2 in my case) but irw did not show any output. This point to an incorrect /etc/lircd.conf file, and indeed this is the culprit. The upgrade script did not replace it with a correct version (or which would have been even better: with my original one). So I had to do it myself:

cp /mnt/loop/etc/lircd.conf /etc/lircd.conf

After restarting lircd ("/etc/init.d/lirc restart") and quitting and restarting mythfrontend, my remote works like a charm again.

At this point my MythTV box is working as before. I will check out the new features later.

KnoppMyth: Enabling password protection of MythWeb

2005-10-26T13:57:00.000+02:00

You created a htpasswd-file and changed the .htaccess-file but MythWeb still does not prompt for password? The reason could be that .htaccess files are being ignored by apache. This can be configured in /etc/apache/httpd.conf.

Look for lines reading

ALLOW OVERRIDE = NONE

This means that apache will ignore your .htaccess files altogether. Note that they usually is more then one line of this kind. If you are on an intranet and you just want to keep certain users from accessing your mythweb, then all you need to do is change the appropriate line to:

ALLOW OVERRIDE = ALL

"The appropriate line" is the one that pertains to the /var/www directory. If you are not sure about this then you should consider reading the documentation at www.apache.org. Don't forget to restart apache afterwards (/etc/init.d/apache restart).

Problem when upgrading to new version of glibc?

2005-10-26T13:16:00.000+02:00

Here is an annoyning little problem that I kept running into when I wanted to upgrade to a newer version of glibc:

dpkg kept complaining that there is another version listed in /etc/ld.so.conf. Too bad it didn't say which line it was complaining about or which folder the offending files were in. So I commented out one line after another and ran ldconfig each time. Then I tried to upgrade again, but without any success.

Turn out that comments don't do the trick. You need to acutally delete the lines from /etc/ld.so.conf. (Why does nobody ever tell you these things?)

Hints for wpa_supplicant and ndiswrapper on Debian (Sarge)

2005-10-25T16:39:00.000+02:00

If you have installed both wpa_supplicant and ndiswrapper and have managed to manually start them from a terminal, then will probably want them to start after the next reboot automatically.

Here is what you need to do:

1) Make sure that you entered the correct options for wpa_supplicant in /etc/default/wpasupplicant. Specifically, you should set "ENALBE=1" and insert a line similar to

OPTIONS="-i wlan0 -D ndiswrapper -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

where "wlan0" is the name that you used in /etc/network/interfaces to identify your card. Speaking of which:
2) Insert a line in /etc/network/interfaces similar to

iface wlan0 inet dhcp

and also don't forget to enalbe the autmatic startup of the interface by adding it to the line starting with "auto", e.g.

auto lo wlan0

3) Now all you have todo is tell Debian to start the wpa_supplicant at boot-time which is done by adding it to the default runlevel like this:

update-rc.d wpasupplicant defaults

(Note the missing underscore "_" here. If this does not work, then try it with "wpa_supplicant".) If you don't have the update-rc.d command on your system then you will most likely have a file called /etc/runlevel.conf. Check this page for more info: http://debiananwenderhandbuch.de/init.html

Updating tv_grab_de_tvtoday on a KnoppMyth installation

2005-10-21T11:02:00.000+02:00

So I decided to go ahead and buy the Hauppauge PVR 500. To make it fit in the AOpen case I removed the built-in card-readers which occupy the 3.5" slot. This is not the nicest solution but it serves my purpose for the time being (i.e. not having a spare 2.5" harddisk).

After installing KnoppMyth (and the latest ivtv 0.4.0, because the one that comes with KnoppMyth is way too old), I wanted to grab the TV listing from TV-Today (I'm in Germany). The version that comes with KnoppMyth is not working due to changes on the TV-Today website, so I had to install an update. There seems to be no doc (at least I could not find one), so here is what I did:

1.) Download http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/*checkout*/xmltv/xmltv/grab/de_tvtoday/tv_grab_de_tvtoday.in
2.) Replace your current tv_grab_de_tvtoday with this file (renaming it, i.e. removing the ".in"). In KnoppMyth it's in /usr/bin
3.) Make the file executable (chmod 755 tv_grab_de_tvtoday)
4.) Open the file using your favorite text-editor, e.g. nano -w tv_grab_de_tvtoday, and locate the line starting my $SHARE_DIR=undef; and replace the undef by "/usr/share/xmltv" (including the quotes!). Of course, if xmltv is installed in a different dir on your system you should change this line to the appropriate path.
5.) Download http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/*checkout*/xmltv/xmltv/grab/de_tvtoday/channel_ids
6.) Copy the file to the correct xmltv-sub-directory. Again, on KnoppMyth this is /usr/share/xmltv/tv_grab_de_tvtoday/.
7.) Run mythfilldatabase --manual. This time, it should start grabbing (which, by the way, can take a very long time). After a while (10-60 minutes), it should prompt you with some info it needs from you. You should know what to do from here on.

Abmessungen Hauppauge WinTV PVR 500 / Size of Hauppauge WinTV PVR 500

2005-10-10T12:49:00.000+02:00

Mit einer Hauppauge WinTV PVR 500 liebäugelnd hatte ich Befürchtungen, dass sie nicht in mein AOpen XC Cube AE65 II passt (was auch stimmt: sie ist ca. 1 cm zu lang). Google konnte nicht weiter helfen, stattdessen fanden sich häufig falsche Angaben (nämlich die von der PVR 150). Email an Hauppauge geschickt und prompt kam die Antwort (nach nur 59 Minuten!):

Abmessung der Hauppauge WinTV PVR 500 in cm:
Höhe (Hight): 9,9 cm (10,7 cm incl. PCI-Kontakte)
Länge (Lendth): 19,5 cm

English
Above are listed the dimensions of a Hauppauge WinTV PVR 500. I got these directly from Hauppauge. They actually replied to my mail in under an hour -- 59 min. to be exact :-). By the way: The card will not fit into a "regular" AOpen XC Cube AE65 II because it is about 1 cm too long.

It would be an option to use a 2.5" HDD and either cut out a piece of the HD drive cage (which is in the way of the PVR 500) or place the disk behind the card-reader slot. But right now I neither have a spare 2.5" HDD nor a cutting tool -- let alone the time -- to try this.

Getting TV Card of an AOpen XC Cube EA65 II to Work under Linux

2005-10-06T17:15:00.000+02:00

This card uses the cx88xx and cx8800 modules but is not recognized by them correctly. So what needs to be done is to pass the parametes "card=5 tuner=38" to the cx8800 module. Easiest way to do this under debian is using debconf.

Evolution's spam filter doesn't seem to work

2005-07-05T17:56:00.000+02:00

(You probably know this already which will make me look stupid. Who cares.)

Since I started using evoluation a couple of weeks ago I had the feeling that it never quite filtered my emails for spam. Of course I had the spam filter option enabled in the settings but it didn't seem to work. I noticed this a some time ago but never found the time to look into it. So today I googled to see if anybody else had the same problem.

Guess what I found out? Evolution relies on spamassassin for spam filtering -- which I have not installed since I THOUGHT that evolution does the filtering itself. Isn't that nice? So why did nobody tell me? After all, I enabled the spam filter (or so I thought) in evolution. Why didn't it bother to tell if spamassassin is installed?

Evolution keeps annoying me from day to day. The only reason I keep it is that it syncs nicely with my palm and phone. Otherwise I would stick to Thunderbird. Oh well.

Setting the CPU frequency of the Pentium M

2005-05-26T00:22:00.000+02:00

My notebook's processor is a Pentium M. I specifically bought that notebook because the fan does not come on under normal use. This is very nice, simply because it's very quite. By setting the CPU speed to a lower frequency I might completely avoid the noise of the fan. This is what I did to be able to easily control the CPU speed from an applett in the gnome panel.

Firstly, I needed certain modules in my kernel, more specifically these:

- Power management options (ACPI, APM) --->
-- [*] Power Management support
--- CPU Frequency scaling --->
---- [*] CPU Frequency scaling
---- <*> CPU frequency translation statistics
---- Default CPUFreq governor (userspace) --->
---- 'performance' governor (1)
---- 'powersave' governor (1)
---- 'ondemand' cpufreq policy governor (1)
---- <*> CPU frequency trable helpers
---- ACPI Processor P-States driver
---- Intel Enhanced SpeedStep
---- Intel Speedstep on ICH-M chipsets (ioport interface) (2)

Notes:
(1) = Not sure if this is really needed.
(2) = You may want to adjust this if you have a different chipset.

If you're aiming for low noise (or long battery power) you will also want to change your default governor from "performance" to "userspace" as indicated above.

Garbled German Umlaute

2005-05-25T12:26:00.000+02:00

Some special characters, like the German umlaute äöü, were not displayed correctly. First I thought it was only some poorly programmed web-pages but today I noticed that the same happens with file-names on an NTFS volume. So I dug a little deeper.

Note that I tried this stuff in the same order I state here. I did not take the time afterwards to check which steps were actually needed to reach the results.

First I thought that some locales might be missing. So I did

dpkg-reconfigure locales

to check and re-run the configuration scripts of the locales-package. I added de-DE-UTF (or so).

As I said before: I do not know if this step was really necessary. But whatever you do: do not change the default locale or it will mess up your existing files.

After that I restarted my X-Server (just in case) and the display of the special characters actually changed. Instead of mysterious squares it now showed

? (Ungültiger Unicode)

which was even more annoying not what I had wanted at all. Next, I tried to mount the NTFS with the iocharset=utf8 and the utf8 option. Both failed (and also told me that these options are deprecated and that the nls-option should be used). That put me on the right track: I needed reconfigure (and compile) my kernel with NLS-UTF8 support. NLS seemingly stands for Natural Language Support, and this is where you'll find it in menuconfig. I decided to add NLS-UTF8 as a module and while I was at it I also changed the NLS-default-codepage to "cp850" which stands for "Europe". (It had been set to "US".)

After recompiling and installing the kernel and restarting my machine I mounted the NTFS-volume with the option nls=utf-8 -- and lo and behold: all the German umlaute showed up nicely.

One last note: Afterwards I remembered a recent problem I had when using multisync to sync my PalmOS-device with Evolution. In Evolution, all umlaute were garbled (for every original umlaut-character I had two (or was it three) other characters in its place). This problem also disappaered afterwards.

I guess (but have not confirmed it) that adding the locale for de-DE-UTF corrected the sync-problem and is probably not related to the problem with the file-names on the NTFS-volumes. This was most likely solved solely by adding the correct nls-support to the kernel and mounting with the option nls=utf-8.

Firefox: Force to always show menu bar

2005-05-23T14:48:00.000+02:00

One thing that annoys me is when web-sites use pop-windows and hide the menu-bar in those pop-windows. You can tell Firefox to ignore the request to hide the menu-bar:

Enter "about:config" in the address bar and filter for "menu".
Double-click on the line that reads "dom.disable_window_open_feature.menubar", which should change the value-column from "false" to "true".

Firefox: Close tab with middle mouse-button

2005-05-23T14:23:00.000+02:00

Coming from Windows, I was used to open and close tabs in Firefox by middle-clicking (on a link to open a new tab, on a tab-title to close the tab). This is not the default behavior under Linux. Here's how you may change that:

Enter "about:config" in the address bar and enter "middle" as a filter. (This brings you to Mozilla-Firefox's configuration.)
Double-click on the line reading "middlemouse.contentLoadURL". This should turn the value-column from "true" to "false".

That was quick. (I found this tip here.)

HOWTO: Installing a USB-Scanner (Epson Perfection 1670)

2005-05-21T11:32:00.000+02:00

Another quick step-through for Debian-linux with a >=2.6.4 kernel. Since kernel version 2.6.4 the scanner driver has been removed from the kernel and one needs to use libusb. Don't worry if libusb does not mean anything to you.
For some of this, you need to be root.

Before you begin

I'll assume that USB support is up and running. Check this by opening a shell and running "tail -f /var/log/messages". This will output the last lines of you log-file and any new log-messages (you terminate with the usual CTRL-C). Now plug-in you scanner and turn it on. The shell-window should show something like

kernel: usb 4-4: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and adress 4

The actual message my vary, depending on your USB-device, but essentially something should happen when you plug-in the scanner and it should not sound like an error.
Another thing you will need is the firmware-file for your scanner (some scanners don't need one, mine does). Check out this list of firmware-file-names to determine the exact name of the firmware-file. For my Epson-scanner the firmware was (under Windows) in "c:\program files\EPSON\ESCD\ESFW30.BIN". I simply copied this file to my linux-partition ("/usr/share/EPSON-firmware/ESFW30.BIN" seemed a good place). You will need this file later.

Installation step by step

Use your favorite packet-manager to install the "sane" package and its dependencies. (SANE stands for "Scanner Access Now Easy" -- and it really is.) This includes "xscanimage" which can be used to, well, scan an image.
Now you have to determine your scanner product and vendor-id. Have look at the output of "less /proc/bus/usb/devices". The list can be quite long if you have a lot of USB-devices. Your scanner should be somewhere among them. It looks something like this:
[...]
D: Ver= 2.00 Cls=ff(vend.) Sub=ff Prot=ff MxPS=64 #Cfgs= 1
P: Vendor=04b8 ProdID=011f Rev= 1.10
S: Manufacturer=EPSON
S: Product=EPSON Scanner
C:* #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=c0 MxPwr=100mA
I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 3 Cls=ff(vend.) Sub=ff Prot=ff Driver=(none)
[...]
We are interested in the vendor- and product-id (in my case "04b8" and "011f").
Open "/etc/sane.d/epson.conf" (or whatever your scanner manufacturer is) with your favoriate editor and add the following line, using your own vendor- and product-id, of course:
usb 04b8 011f
Save and close the file.
Last thing we need to do is tell the scanner driver where it can find the firmware. For many scanners this is done in "/etc/sane.d/snapscan.conf". Change the line starting with "firmware" to point to your firmware-file. Mine looks like this:
firmware /usr/share/EPSON-Firmware/ESFW30.BIN
The scanner should work now. Try "sane-find-scanner". It outputs a whole lot of stuff, but one line should read something like "found USB scanner (vendor=0x04b8 [EPSON], product=0x011f [EPSON Scanner]) at libusb:004:004".
We're almost there. You could go ahead and scan your first image -- but you will only be able to do so as root. What we need to do is set the permissions for the USB-device. This can be very tricky because the device may change everytime you plug in your scanner. Luckily, the isntallation of the sane-package has created a new user-group called "scanner" and it also makes sure that members of that group always have access to the right USB-device. (It does this by using the hotplug-mechanism.) All you have to do is add the users that should be able to scan to the scanner-group. Simply open "/etc/groups" in your favorite editor, locate the line beginning with "scanner" and add the user(s) seperated with colons (":"). Mine looks like this:
scanner:x:109:stefan
One last thing: The scanner-users also need access to the firmware-file. So you need to change the permissions approiately, in my case "chmod 666 /usr/share/EPSON/ESFW30.BIN". This allows everyone full access to the file. You could restrict this to the members of the scanner-group. This is left as an exercise.
Congratulations! You're done. Start "xscanimage" to scan your first image.

Kernel 2.6: Troubleshooting Mouse Troubles

2005-05-20T11:17:00.000+02:00

With the new kernel (2.6.11.10 upgraded from 2.4) I noticed a very annoying change with the mice I use. I have a (built-in) touchpad, a (USB) trackball, and a (USB) mouse which I have all connected at the same time because I actually use them (except for the touchpad, but I can't remove that). With 2.4 I had no problem at all but with 2.6 I started to get double-clicks even though I single-clicked. This happened with any of the three input devices. I quick google search (double click single kernel 2.6) pointed me (indirectly) to the solution. If you are plagued by the same or similar symptoms and are using 2.6, have a look at the 2.6 Input drivers FAQ.
In a nutshell, this is what I did: The problem was in my /etc/X11/XF86Config-4. Starting with kernel 2.6 only one input device section is needed for all mice. So I commented out all input sections pertaining to mice except the one with /dev/input/mice. (Please note: This may break your x-configuration, which means that you may not be able to start into the gui. So make a backup of any files you change.) In that section, I added the following:

Option "CorePointer" "true"

I also commented out any "Option 'SendCoreEvents'". Then I went to the server-layout section and commented out any input devices that I had commented out earlier. This left me with only one input device for all my mice (and, of course, another one for my keyboard). I then restarted X and now everything is bold again.

ATI Driver up and running

2005-05-19T20:21:00.000+02:00

Following the instruction I found here, I was able to switch to the (supposedly faster) ATI driver for my video card. The output of fglrxinfo reads:

OpenGL vendor string: ATI Technologies Inc.
OpenGL renderer string: FireMV 2400 PCI DDR Generic
OpenGL version string: 1.3.5010 (X4.3.0-8.12.10)

Isn't that nice? But there's one question I keep asking myself: Who needs it?

Kein Sound nach Kernel-Upgrade

2005-05-18T16:58:00.000+02:00

Nachdem ich auf meinem Acer Travelmate 800 den Kernel auf 2.6.11.10 aktualisiert habe ist mein Sound aus. Naja. Ich werde erstmal damit leben. (Treiber-Module scheinen geladen zu sein...)
Update: Der Linux-Flüsterer hat mir einen Tipp gegeben und jetzt klappts. Es fehlte einfach nur das Paket alsa-base (und dessen Abhängigkeiten).

HOWTO: Steps to compiling and installing a new (2.6) kernel

2005-05-18T16:49:00.001+02:00

1) Download sources from kernel.org. Untar it using "tar -xvjf linux...bz2" in
you /usr/src directory.

2) Important: Create a symbolic link from the source-dir (you just
untared) to /usr/src/linux. This is important, because I will refer to
that dir from now on. "ln -s /usr/src/linux-2.6... /usr/src/linux"

3) If you are using a kernel-config file that you downloaded from the net, save it as ".config" in the new kernel-source dir
under /usr/src/linux

4) Run "make oldconfig" (compares old to new config. Hold the Return-key to
accept all default values.)

5) "make menuconfig" (use this to add wanted options, e.g. if you want
to support other hardware that is not selected in the given .config).
You might need to call "apt-get install ncurses-dev [not -devel] when
you start this the first time.

5.1) Here you need to select the following:
> File System
> Miscellanious Filesystem
> [*] Compresse ROM File System Support (cramfs)

-- update

5.2) If you own a palmos PDA (like a Tungsten or Zire) you'll want to enable support for that, too:

> Device Drivers
> USB Support
> USB Serial Convert Support
> [*] USB Serial Converter Support
> USB Handspring Visor / Palm m50x / Sony Clie Driver (NEW)

-- end of update
When asked, save this configuration.

6) Run "make" (pre 2.6 kernels used "make deb", "make modules" etc.)

7) "make modules_install" (installs the modules).

8) Run "mkinitrd -o destination-file kernel-version" to create the initial
ramdisk. Supply the kernel-version of the new kernel (the one you just
compiled), otherwise mkinitrd will use the currently running
kernel-version -- which you do not want.

9) copy initrd and /user/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage
to /boot/vmlinuz-2.6...

10) Add a new entry in /boot/grub/menu.lst similar to the existing ones. And you're done.
Restart to boot into your new kernel.