C Tutorials for Beginners

Where to start over from ????

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Sun, 16 Dec 2012 11:05:00 +0000

After leaving my job as a Technical Analyst at one of the Top MNC’s , I thought of doing something of my own , something I really like to do .
Its been a month long now, still shuffling about what to do????

I m pretty confused where to start my development career.

Still thinking if I could go ahead with Android development or shall I give a shot to website development?
Kinda dilemma , So thought of putting this post on the hacker news, lets see what the opinion says

I write at http://www.goldi.co.in

Finding the arithmetic operators

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Wed, 04 Jul 2012 01:08:00 +0000

Below is a very simple program to find the arithmetic operator.
Please feel free to put a comment if need an explanation.

#include
#include

void main()
{
float a1,a2;
char operator;
printf("\n Enter the values of a1 operator a2\n");
scanf("%f%c%f",&a1,&operator,&a2);
switch(operator)
{
case '+':
printf("%.2f",a1+a2);
break;
case '-':
printf("%.2f",a1-a2);
break;

case '*':
printf("%.2f",a1*a2);
break;
case '/':
if(a2==0)
printf("error\n");
else
printf("%.2f",a1/a2);
break;
default: printf("unknown operatotr\n");
break;
}
}

Calculating the average of two numbers using C++

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Sun, 28 Aug 2011 20:31:00 +0000

Though this site aims at understanding C language, I am writing a program for you in C++, to have a general idea about C++ too.
A program in C++,to calculate the average of two numbers, which are entered by the keyboard while the execution of the program.
Try to understand the program;

#include < iostream >
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    float num1,num2,average,sum;
    cout << "Enter the first number:";
    cin >> num1;
    cout << "Enter the second number:";
    cin >> num2;
    sum=num1+num2;
    average=sum/2;
    cout << "The sum of the two numbers is:"<< sum<<"\n"<<"The average of the two numbers is:" << average;
return(0);
}

Explaination:

The new file header used here in this C++ program is the #include. By this , we are asking the preprocessor to add the contents of the iostream file to our program.

The program is written in the main() function , just like in C.

The variables are defined as float in the same manner.

Here in C++ we use cout and cin operators for output and input respectively. These are parallel to the printf and scanf in C.
In the last cout statement the output is cascaded using the cout operator.which is new in the C++ .

As the main() function is integer type , it returns a zero value which is written as return(0)

C Reference app on Android

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Sat, 27 Aug 2011 06:07:00 +0000

Android is one of the most rapidly growing mobile platform today. Most of us are opting for android devices , cell phones /tablets and so am I . While surfing around the Android Market(The place to download android apps) I came across an helpful app; "C Reference".
This app provides the reference to the standard C library. It also contains description of all the functions and macros in C, in a searchable from. This app could be very handy in while writing C programs.And the best part about this app is that , this app can be downloaded free from the android market.

Screenshots:

You can see and download this app from C Reference App

Animation with just three lines of C code

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Fri, 08 Jul 2011 17:19:00 +0000

Check out , the link below takes to the page that has a C code , which creates animation with just three lines of C code. Quite interesting

http://a1k0n.net/2011/06/26/obfuscated-c-yahoo-logo.html

A C program to print the average of the numbers(Using While Loop)

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Sun, 29 Aug 2010 18:59:00 +0000

Below is a program to print the average of two numbers that are input through the keyboard.

/* Read the numbers from the keyboard as input and
 * print out their average as output.  */

#include &lt stdio &gt
int main( )
{
   double x = 0.0, sum = 0.0;
   int count = 0;

   printf( "\t--- Calculate Average of the numbers ---\n" );
   printf( "\nEnter the number you want to calulate average for:\n"
           "(Type a letter to end your input)\n" );
   while ( scanf( "%lf", &x ) == 1 )
   {
      sum += x;
      ++count;
   }
   if ( count == 0 )
     printf( "No input data given!\n" );
   else
     printf( "The average of given numbers is %.2f\n", sum/count );
   return 0;
}

The output of the program:

Turbo C++ for Windows 7 64 bit

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Fri, 23 Apr 2010 12:14:00 +0000

Its a very simple guide to install Turbo C++ on Windows 7 64 bit operating system.
Follow the steps below to install Turbo C++ compiler on your windows 7 ,64 bit operating system.

Note - Please let me know whether the process is working for you or if you are getting some kind of error.

Step 1) Install the software DOSBOX version 0.73(Search for it in the search bar).

Step 2) Create a folder on your C drive, e.g.Turbo; (c:\Turbo\)

Step 3) Extract TC into the created folder(e.g. c:\Turbo\);(you can search and download it)

Step 4)Run the application DOSBOX 0.73,previously downloaded and installed.

Step 5) Type the following commands at the command prompt that will appear,

[z]: mount d c:\Turbo\

Following this you will get a message "Drive D is mounted as local directory c:\Turbo\"

Step 6) Type d: to shift to d:

Step 7) Then type commands mentioned below;

cd tc

cd bin

tc or tc.exe

Step 8) In the turbo C++ go to Options\Directories\ Change the source of TC to the source directory .

Here's a video to help you out:

Alternate method:
The alternate method of running C/C++ on windows 7-64bit system, is by using a software "Codeblocks" .
You can download codeblocks IDE from Codeblocks Download page.

Start writing your First C Program..

Seminar Topics(100)

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Wed, 17 Feb 2010 21:49:00 +0000

Excellent Seminar/Paper Presentation Topics for Students

Put the desired topic name in search bar to get detail search about the topic.

1. 4G Wireless Systems
2. A BASIC TOUCH-SENSOR SCREEN SYSTEM
3. Artificial Eye
4. Animatronics
5. Automatic Teller Machine
6. Aircars
7. Adding interlligence to ineternet using satellite
8. ADSL
9. Aeronautical Communications
10. Agent oriented programing
11. Animatronics
12. Augmented reality
13. Autonomic Computing
14. Bicmos technology
15. BIOCHIPS
16. Biomagnetism
17. Biometric technology
18. BLUE RAY
19. Boiler Instrumentation
20. Brain-Computer Interface
21. Bluetooth Based Smart Sensor Networks
22. BIBS
23. CDMA Wireless Data Transmitter
24. Cellonics Technology
25. Cellular Positioning
26. Cruise Control Devices
27. Crusoe Processor
28. Cyberterrorism
29. Code division duplexing
30. Cellular Digital Packet Data
31. Computer clothing
32. Cordect WLL
33. CARBIN NANO TUBE ELECTRONICS
34. CARNIVORE AN FBI PACKET SNIFFER
35. CDMA
36. CELLONICSTM TECHNOLOGY
37. CELLULAR NEURAL NETWORKS
38. CELLULAR DIGITAL PACKET DATA
39. CIRCUIT AND SAFETY ANALYSIS SYSTEM
40. CISCO IOS FIREWALL
41. CLUSTER COMPUTING
42. COLD FUSION
43. COMPACT PCI
44. COMPUTER AIDED PROCESS PLANNING (CAPP)
45. COMPUTER CLOTHING
46. COMPUTER MEMORY BASED ON THE PROTEIN BACTERIO
47. CONCEPTUAL GRAPHICS
48. CORDECT
49. CORDECT WLL
50. CRUISE CONTROL DEVICES
51. CRUSOE PROCESSOR
52. CRYOGENIC GRINDING
53. CRYPTOVIROLOGY
54. CT SCANNING
55. CVT
56. Delay-Tolerant Networks
57. DEVELOPMENT OF WEARABLE BIOSENSOR
58. DiffServ-Differentiated Services
59. DWDM
60. Digital Audio Broadcasting
61. Digital Visual Interface
62. Direct to home television (DTH)
63. DOUBLE BASE NUMBER SYSTEM
64. DATA COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES
65. DELAY-TOLERANT NETWORKS
66. DENSE WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
67. DESIGN, ANALYSIS, FABRICATION AND TESTING OF A COMPOSITE LEAF SPRING
68. DEVELOPMENT OF WEARABLE BIOSENSOR
69. DGI SCENT
70. DIFFFSERVER
71. DIGITAL AUDIO BROADCASTING
72. DIGITAL CONVERGENCE
73. DIGITAL HUBBUB
74. DIGITAL SILHOUETTES
75. DIGITAL THEATRE SYSTEM
76. DIGITAL WATER MARKING
77. DIRECT TO HOME
78. DISKLESS LINUX TERMINAL
79. DISTRIBUTED FIREWALL
80. DSL
81. DTM
82. DWDM
83. DYNAMIC LOADABLE MODULES
84. DYNAMICALLY RECONFIGURABLE COMPUTING
85. ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE
86. Embedded system in automobiles
87. Extreme Programming
88. EDGE
89. ELECTROMAGNETIC LAUNCHING SYSYEM
90. E BOMB
91. E INTELLIGENCE
92. E PAPER TECHNOLOGY
93. ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE
94. ELECTRONIC NOSE
95. ELECTRONIC NOSE & ITS APPLICATION
96. ELECTRONICS MEET ANIMALS BRAIN
97. EMBEDDED
98. EMBEDDED DRAM
99. EMBEDDED LINUX
100. EMBRYONICS APPROACH TOWARDS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Use Flowcharts(Tip)

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Wed, 07 Oct 2009 12:33:00 +0000

FLOWCHART

Use a flowchart to represent the logic of your program before coding.This will reduce lot of redundancy and helps improve your logic. In fact, even if you don't use a flow chart, but sure to spend some time thinking about your program design before diving in and writing code.

If any questions and queries regarding flowchart,write in the comment box.

C Program to calculate roots of quadratic equations

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Wed, 18 Mar 2009 06:57:00 +0000

C Program to calculate roots of quadratic equations

This is a simple C program to calculate roots of quadratic equations.A function sqrt() is used in this program to find the square root.Also, we will have to include the math.h header.

#include

#include

main()

{

int a,b,c,d;

float root1,root2;

printf("Enter the values of a,b,c");

scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);

d=b*b-4*a*c;

root1=((-b)+sqrt(d))/(2*a);

root2=((-b)-sqrt(d))/(2*a);

printf("root1=%f and root2=%f",root1,root2);

}

Program to Propose a girl(Funny)

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Thu, 05 Feb 2009 17:44:00 +0000

Ok guys lets have a fun break here ;-)
Here's a program to Propose a Girl

/*Program to Propose a girl*/
#include STD ISD PCO.h
#include mobile.h
#include sms.h
#include love.h
#define Cute beautiful_lady

main()
{
goto college;
scanf("100%",&ladies);

if(lady ==Cute)
line++;
while( !reply )
{

printf("I Love U");

scanf("100%",&reply);

}

if(reply == "GAALI")
main(); /* go back and repeat the process */

else if(reply == "SANDAL ")
exit(1);

else if(reply == "I Love U")
{
lover =Cute ;
love = (heart*)malloc(sizeof(lover));
}

goto restaurant;

restaurant:
{
food++;
smile++;
pay->money = lover->money;
return(college);
}

if(time==2.30)
goto cinema;

cinema:
{
watch++;
if(intermission)
{
coke++;
Popecorn++;

}
}
}
ERROR: infinite loop at " if(reply==SANDAL)
WARNINGS: SERIOUS INJURIES EXPECTED

C Program using While loop to Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Tue, 27 Jan 2009 18:15:00 +0000

This is a C program to convert Fahrenheit to Celcius.
Let us take a look at the program .
This can be easily accomplished with a for loop or a while loop:

#include 

int main()
{
    int a;
    a = 0;
    while (a <= 100)
    {
        printf("%4d degrees F = %4d degrees C\n",
            a, (a - 32) * 5 / 9);
        a = a + 10;
    }
    return 0;
}

If you run this program, it will produce a table of values starting at 0 degrees F and ending at 100 degrees F. The output will look like this:

   0 degrees F =  -17 degrees C
10 degrees F =  -12 degrees C
20 degrees F =   -6 degrees C
30 degrees F =   -1 degrees C
40 degrees F =    4 degrees C
50 degrees F =   10 degrees C
60 degrees F =   15 degrees C
70 degrees F =   21 degrees C
80 degrees F =   26 degrees C
90 degrees F =   32 degrees C
100 degrees F =   37 degrees C

The table's values are in increments of 10 degrees. You can see that you can easily change the starting, ending or increment values of the table that the program produces.

If you wanted your values to be more accurate, you could use floating values instead of integer values:

#include 

int main()
{
    float a;
    a = 0;
    while (a <= 100)
    {
        printf("%6.2f degrees F = %6.2f degrees C\n",
            a, (a - 32.0) * 5.0 / 9.0);
        a = a + 10;
    }
    return 0;
}

You can see that the declaration for a has been changed to a float, and the %f symbol replaces the %d symbol in the printf statement. In addition, the %f symbol has some formatting applied to it: The value will be printed with six digits preceding the decimal point and two digits following the decimal point.

Now let's say that we wanted to modify the program so that the temperature 98.6 is inserted in the table at the proper position. That is, we want the table to increment every 10 degrees, but we also want the table to include an extra line for 98.6 degrees F because that is the normal body temperature for a human being. The following program accomplishes the goal:

#include 

int main()
{
    float a;
    a = 0;
    while (a <= 100)
    {
 if (a > 98.6)
        {
            printf("%6.2f degrees F = %6.2f degrees C\n",
                98.6, (98.6 - 32.0) * 5.0 / 9.0);
        }
        printf("%6.2f degrees F = %6.2f degrees C\n",
            a, (a - 32.0) * 5.0 / 9.0);
        a = a + 10;
    }
    return 0;
}

Good Programming habits

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Fri, 23 Jan 2009 19:07:00 +0000

Some of good programming habits:
1. Before sitting down for coding, you must have formal or a paper-napkin design of the solution to be coded. Never start coding without any design unless the code is trivial one.
2. Good code documentation is as important as good knowledge of a programming language. Write brief logic for each major block of your code as comments in source code file itself. Its good to mention creation and modification dates of your program along-with why modification was required.
3. Maintaining versions of your program is another important task. Some present-day programming tools already have a built-in version management. Whenever you make any change to your program, they save its copy as .bak file.

Tip-Always make a backup

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Wed, 21 Jan 2009 18:18:00 +0000

Always make sure that when you have a program with more lines of code, you make a backup copy somewhere.
Once you find you made some huge mistake, or decide there is a better way to code the entire thing, you'll be glad you made that backup so many hours/days ago instead of re-coding hundreds of lines of code.

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Mon, 19 Jan 2009 19:06:00 +0000

C language is widely famous and founds its applications everywhere because of its versatility and flexibility.In fact C language is a Programmers’s language.
Not all computer programming languages are for programmers. For instance the COBOL and BASIC are not the languages for programmers.C was created,influenced, and tested by working programmers.
That’s the reason C gives the programmer what the programmer wants.C is the language with few restrictions, few complaints, block structures, stand alone functions, and a compact
set of keywords.Using C Language , you can nearly achieve the efficiency of assembly code
combined with the structure of ALGOL.This has made C language highly popular between professional programmers.
C was initially used for systems programming.
Here are few example of system programming;
1) Operating systems
2) Interpreters
3) Editors
4) Compilers
5) File utilities
6) Performance enhancers
7) Real-time executives

C founds wide application in many because of its efficiency and portability.
Much of the world still runs on C code, and those programs will continue to be enhanced and
maintained.
In order to start programming one has to begin with C language.
This blog helps ou start learning C programming.
You may start from here the First Post

The While Loop

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Fri, 26 Sep 2008 21:17:00 +0000

The While Loop

While programming we often need to do something a fixed number of times.
In such cases the While loop is used.
Lets study it with the help of an example below;

/* Calculation of simple interest for 3 sets of p, n and r */

main( )

{

int p, n, count ;

float r, si ;

count = 1 ;

while ( count <= 3 )

{

printf ( "\nEnter values of p, n and r " ) ;

scanf ( "%d %d %f", &p, &n, &r ) ;

si = p * n * r / 100 ;

printf ( "Simple interest = Rs. %f", si ) ;

count = count + 1 ;

}

}

The program above executes all statements after while three times.The logic of calculating simple interest is written in braces after the while word and is called as the body of the while loop.The brackets after the while contains the condition.All the statements within the loop are executed till the condition is true.

Another program which uses while loop,to print the average of the numbers input .The Program

loops2

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Fri, 12 Sep 2008 19:36:00 +0000

The versatility of the computer lies in its ability to perform a set of
instructions repeatedly. This involves repeating some portion of
the program either a specified number of times or until a particular
condition is being satisfied. This repetitive operation is done
through a loop control instruction.

There are three methods by way of which we can repeat a part of a
program;
(1) Using a for statement
(2) Using a while statement
(3) Using a do-while statement

Loops

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Tue, 09 Sep 2008 12:01:00 +0000

Till now we have studied the use of Decision or Sequential Control statements.
When executed thesestatements always perform the same series of actions, in the same way, exactly once.But in order to perform programs that can do an action over and over,we need LOOPS.
Thus in the next post we are going to discuss about the Loops.

Forms of IF statement

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Fri, 22 Aug 2008 10:18:00 +0000

Forms of IF Statement:

The if statement can take any of the given forms:

(1) if ( condition )

do this ;

(2) if ( condition )

{

do this ;

and this ;

}

(3) if ( condition )

do this ;

else

do this ;

(4) if ( condition )

{

do this ;

and this ;

}

else

{

do this ;

and this ;

}

(5) if ( condition )

do this ;

else

{

if ( condition )

do this ;

else

{

do this ;

and this ;

}

(6) if ( condition )

{

if ( condition )

do this ;

else

{

do this ;

and this ;

}

else

do this ;

The if-else Statement

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Sat, 07 Jun 2008 07:52:00 +0000

The if-else Statement

As described in earlier post,the if statement will execute a single statement, or a group of statements, when the expression following if evaluates to true.But it does nothing when the expression evaluates to false.
In case, we want to execute one group of statements if the expression evaluates to true and another group of statements if the expression evaluates to false,we need to use the If-else statement.
The syntax of If-else statement is as follows;
if(condition)
{

statement;

}

else
{

statement2;

}

If the condition 1 is evaluated true,then statement1 will execute else statement2 will be executed.
A simple example is;

if(a=2500 )
{
hra = 1200;
da = basic * 0.5 ;pt=150;
}
else
{
hra = basic*0.1 ;
da = basic * 25.01 / 100 ;
}
gs = basic + hra + da ;
net=gs-pt;
printf ( "Net salary = Rs. %f", net ) ;
}

The IF statement

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Sun, 01 Jun 2008 21:16:00 +0000

The IF statement

The C language uses the keyword if to implement the decision control instruction.
The general form of IF statement is as follows;
if ( condition )
execute this statement ;

The condition following the keyword if is always enclosed within a pair of parentheses. If the condition is true then the given statement is executed.If the condition is not true then the statement is not executed; instead the program skips past it. To express conditions in C we use conditional operators.

Expression	Meaning
x == y	x is equal to y
x != y	x is not equal to y
x <>	x is less than y
x > y	x is greater than y
x <= y	x is less than or equal to y
x >= y	x is greater than or equal to y

Lets consider a sample program;

/* The IF statement */
main( )
{
int num ;
printf ( "Enter a number less than 50 " ) ;
scanf ( "%d", &num ) ;
if ( num <= 50 )
printf ( "You are fail" ) ;
}

On execution,if you enter a number less than equal to 50 you will get the message on the screen but if the number if greater than 50 you wont get any output.
There may be more than one IF statement in a program as per requiremant.

Decision Control Structure

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Sat, 31 May 2008 18:35:00 +0000

The Decision Control Structure

Till now we have used sequence control structure in the programs,in which the various steps are executed sequentially i.e.in the same order in which they appear in the program.
In C programing the instructions are executed sequentially,by default.
At times,we need a set of instructions to be executed in one situation and an another set of instructions to be executed in another situation.
In such cases we have to use decision control instructions.This can be acheived in C using;

(a)The if statement
(b)The if-else statement
(c)The conditional operators

Hierarchy of Operations

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Thu, 22 May 2008 01:15:00 +0000

The preference in which arithematic operations are performed in an arithematic expression is called as Hierarchy of operations.
Its very important in C Programming to predefine the Hierarchy of operations to the C compiler in order to solve the given arithematic expression correctly.
e.g.: If a programmer wishes to perform ,z=a+b/c;it may be interpretted as z=(a+b)/c or z=a+(b/c).
and if a=3,b=6,c=2 then using the same expression we will obtain two different answwers as z=4.5 or z=6.
To avoid this condition we must be aware of hierarchy of operations used in C programming.
In arithematic expressions scanning is always done from left to right.
The priority of operations is as shown below,

Priority	Operators
First	Paranthesis os brackets()
Second	Multiplication & Divison
Third	Addition & Substraction
Fourth	Assignment i.e.=

If we consider the logical operators used in C language,the operator precedence will be like;

Operators	Type
!	Logical NOT
* / %	Arithmetic and moulus
+ -	Aritmetic
	Relational
== !=	Relational
&&	Logical AND
\|\|	Logical OR
=	Assignment

In the tables above,the higher the position of an operator,higher is its priority.

Increment-Decrement Operators

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Sun, 18 May 2008 06:01:00 +0000

PRE/POST INCREMENT/DECREMENT OPERATORS(Unary operators)

In programming we often require to increment value of certain variable in step of one or may require to decrement a value.
This is usually written as i=i+1 for incrementing the value of variable i or i=i-1 to decrement the value of i.
To accomplish this C language provides unary operators called as increment/decrement operators.Using these operators the above variable can be written as i++ or ++i.
If ++ is after the variable then it is called as post increment and if it is before the variable then it is called as predecrement.
In case of post increment(i++) the old value of the variable is used first and then the increment in the value of variable is done.
In preincrement the value of variable is incremented first and then this value is used in the expression.
same is in the case of decrement,i.e.pre decremant and post decrement,
denoted as --i and i--.

Using symbolic Constants(#define)

noreply@blogger.com (G.K.) — Sat, 17 May 2008 11:22:00 +0000

Using Symbolic constants(#define)

While developing a program in C language,we often use certain unique constants in a program.These const. may appear repeatedly in a C program,at number of places.
Foe example,if we want to calculate the area of n number of circles,we require a constant 3.14 which is the value of'pi'.
Now we may like to change the value of pi from 3.14 to 3.14159.To achieve this we will have to search through-out the program and explicitly change the value of pi whereever it has been used.If any value is left unchanged the program will produce wrong results.When we use variable ,value may change accidently,which results to wrong output.
To avoid these type of mistakes w use symbolic constants in our C program.
the syntax of a symbolic constant is;

#define symbolic name value

e.g.
#define pi 3.14159
#define total 100