WHY MOST PEOPLE BELIEF THEY CAN DO WITHOUT THEIR BOSS IN THE OFFICE

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Sat, 05 Mar 2016 04:19:00 +0000

Prize Fund of the company is more than 500 000 USD

A CHARGE CONTROLLER?

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Wed, 28 Oct 2015 06:23:00 +0000

Greetings to you!
After my post on how to completely ignore the ongoing epileptic power supply in nigeria but embrace the ongoing fully equipped uninterrupted power supply from the Almighty, i got several email from my readers asking to know:
*what a solar charge controller is
*how to use them and
*and if they can not have their uninterrupted power supply without the charge controller.

Am sure this post will give answers to you questions and also add more knowledge to you past experience with charge controllers

NOW LETS START,

*WHAT IS A CHARGE CONTROLLER?
A charge controller,also known as battery regulator or even known as charge controller is a device or apparatus use to limit the rate at which electric current is drawn from or is added to electric battery.A charger controller prevents overcharging and some also protect against
over voltage , as such can reduce battery performance or lifespan, and may pose a safety risk. A charge controller may also prevent battery from completely draining which is also known as deep discharging a battery, or perform controlled discharges, depending on the battery technology, to protect battery life.

So The terms "charge controller" or "charge regulator" may refer to either a stand alone device, or to control circuitry integrated within a battery pack, battery-powered device, or battery charger.

Stand alone charge controllers

This are they type of Charge controllers sold to consumers as separate devices, often in conjunction with wind power or solar generators, for uses such as RV, boat, and off-the-grid home battery storage systems. In solar applications, charge controllers may also be called solar regulators. Some charge controllers / solar regulators have additional features, such as a low voltage disconnect (LDV), a separate circuit which powers down the load when the batteries become overly discharged (some battery chemistries are such that over-discharge can ruin the battery).

A series charge controller or series regulators disables further current flow into batteries when they are fully charged. A shunt charge controller diverts excess electricity to an auxiliary or "shunt" load, such as an electric water heater, when batteries are full.

Simple charge controllers stop charging a battery when they exceed a set high voltage level, and re-enable charging when battery voltage drops back below that level

Integrated charge controller circuitry

Circuitry that functions as a charge regulator controller may consist of several electrical components, or may be encapsulated in a single microchip, an integrated circuit (IC) usually called a charge controller IC or charge control IC.

Charge controller circuits are used for rechargeable electronic devices such as cell phones, laptop computers, portable audio players, and interruptible power supplies, as well as for larger battery systems found in electric vehicles and orbiting space satellites and also used for solar power charging of battery

HOW CATTLE RUSTLERS KILLMONARCH, POLICE INSPECTOR, 33 OTHERS

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Thu, 24 Sep 2015 08:54:00 +0000

The police and community sources have said that An unspecified number of people were killed on Tuesday evening by gunmen suspected to be cattle rustlers in Shiroro Local Government Area of Niger State.

A village head in the area, who pledged anonymity, told the News Agency of Nigeria on Wednesday that the victims included the district Head of Allawa in Shiroro, a police inspector and 33 others.

The community leader said the attackers, numbering about 40 and armed with machine guns
and other weapons, were believed to be Fulani herdsmen.

He said the operation lasted about two hours during which the attackers set more than 25 houses ablaze and injured many.

The village head said many of the villagers had been displaced as a result of the incident.

Confirming the incident, the Police Public Relations Officer in Niger, ASP Bala Elkana, said the command had yet to confirm the casualty figure.

Elkana said a policeman was among those killed, adding that the incident occurred on Tuesday night.

He said due to lack of communication between Allawa and other parts of the state, the security agencies could not respond on time.

Elkana said, “The Commissioner of Police, Alhaji Abubakar Marafa, has sent the Divisional Police Officer in Kagara and the Police Area Commander in Minna to the troubled village to assess the situation and bring back a report.”

NAN reported that the Nigerian Army had been battling with cattle rustlers in Shiroro Local Government Area of the state.

The Army recently recovered 184 cows and 83 sheep from suspected cattle rustlers and handed them over to the Chairman of Munya Local Government, Alhaji Abdulkadir Bida, to enable their owners to reclaim them.

How to Wire a Simple 220v Electrical Circuit

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Sat, 19 Sep 2015 02:38:00 +0000

Do you always consider hiring an electrician is being the best way to go where 220v or any other volt circuits are concerned or terminated? From now onward, you will come to notice that if you are up to it, you can save even more money by doing some basic electrical work yourself.

This article covers some basic steps for installing a simple electric circuit

Ø It is recommended that you take a few minutes to familiarize yourself with all of the tips in this article

v Turn off the power feeding the panel you are going to be working in (that is if you are planning to add another circuit to any existing one)

Shut (switch) off all the individual circuit breakers in the existing panel you want to work on, and then shut off the main switch breaker that supplies power to the panel. It is preferable because it is much safer to operate many smaller current devices, one at a time; than to operate a single, large current device just once. When all the smaller circuit breakers are off, the amount of current flowing through the larger circuit breaker should be zero.

v How to connect simple electrical circuit.

This article may not cover all the information, which may vary depending on the type of installation you are doing, and the type of existing wiring you may be connecting to. But at the end you will be able to take or learn one if not more things to solving your electrical troubles. And don’t forget to search in this blog for other topics that may be interesting to you.

v Look at the following requirements that must be considered before proceeding with this project.

Below are short listed topics or articles that are not part of this article, i recommend you first of all read this articles related to the listed topics before proceeding in your project:

So these items should be addressed before starting.

ü You will need to get and install the receptacle (junction) box. For flush installation in a drywall wall, you may choose a cut in or repair type, for other installations, a surface mounted cast aluminium or PVC weather resistant (damp location) box may be applicable.

ü You will need to determine the path for the wires between the receptacle box and the electrical panel box.

ü You will need to install conduit if you use single insulated wires or will want your project look more beautiful

ü Install the actual wires if you use a non-metallic cable.

v Measure the distance from the electrical panel box to the location your new outlet will be installed, following the path you have selected, and trying to determine the actual distance the wire must run.

Allow a little extra for corners, especially if you are installing in conduit, since these have ride radius curves for turning sharp angles. Also, allow at least some reasonable inches for hooking the wires to the breaker or fuse block and neutral and ground terminals in the panel box, and also few inches for terminating in the receptacle box.

v Feed the wires through the conduit from the receptacle box. Put a couple of pieces of electrical tape or sleeves for insulation purpose

Over the end of your wires, insulate the wires either with electrical tape or sleeves so the copper is not exposed. This can be more helpful to you while working because if your wire touches an exposed live conductor while feeding it through, it won't short out or conduct the current back to you.

ü Either way, you have to get the wire run between the electric panel and the outlet box in a way that it is not exposed and the insulating is not damaged.

ü If you have installed conduit and the run is very short, you may be able to just push the wire from the outlet box back through to the electric panel.

ü For long runs, you may need to push a "fish tape" through the conduit so you can hook onto the wire and pull it through.

ü If you don't have conduit, you will have to fish the cable or remove wall board and possibly drill holes through the wall studs to feed the wire through.

To get an accurate and professional connection of your wires to your connection boxes or connectors, Cut the wire to length so that 20cm (8") sticks out of the outlet box, and about 80cm (30") sticks out at the electrical panel.

v Cut about 15cm (6") of the (usually the black sheave) outer jacket away from the wire

Being careful not to damage the inner red, black and green/yellow wires, strip off about 15cm of the outer sheave covering the insulated conductors with their coding red, black, green/yellow. This usually leaves one bare copper or green/yellow wire (the ground wire), one red wire (the live wire) and one black wire (the neutral wire).

v Strip about 1.5 cm (5/8") of the insulation away from the end of both the red and black wires.

If you have wire strippers, simply clamp the insulated wire in the slot that matches the size of your wire, turn the strippers half a turn to score the insulation, and pull the wire through. This will remove the insulation without damaging the copper conductor inside it.

ü If you can't strip the jacket, use the "14 gauge" jaws. Using the 12 gauge jaws of the tool significantly decreases the chance of nicking the wire. When using the 14 gauge jaws, hold the tool at a right angle to the wire, otherwise you will damage the wire. Also strip the end of the ground wire if it is not a bare conductor and is insulated. You have o be very careful while piling off the insulations from the conductor and avoid mistakes that could make you cut to try again before the wires will start to get too short to work with. It is very important not to nick the wire.

v Use the needle nose pliers to form a small hook at the exposed copper ends of all the wires to attach to the terminals on your receptacle if you are not going to feed additions devices through this outlet.

Otherwise, you can also cut about 8" pieces of black, white and bare or green/yellow wires from the unused portion of the roll to be used as pigtails (end coils)

v Carefully strip both ends of the pigtails just as mentioned above.

Gather all of the live wires which are usually red, blue or yellow (note: these colours may change depending on every country’s coding standards) and pigtail. Twist them together and spin any properly sized wire nut securely over the top. Be careful that no wire is exposed or is extending from the insulating cover of the wire nut.

v Fold the group of wires towards the back of the box, with the pigtail sticking out to the front of the box.

Use the long nose pliers or any other suitable tool to form a small hook of the exposed copper end of pigtail. This lone wire represents the bundle of wires formed for termination, and will be easier to work with than trying to terminate a whole bundle of wires together at the terminal box.

v Repeat step 11

Repeat the same procedures as STEP 11 for other groups or sets of wires, Remember; If you are working with a metal box, then you'll need to cut an extra bare or green/yellow wire to ground the box. (Earthling)

v Look at the outlet.

On the side of the outlet, you will see screws. The screws will be darker on one side than the other, usually, brass for the dark side, and silver for the lighter side. On the back of the outlet, you will see 2 or 4 sets of small round holes near the screws. These are the "quick connect" points.

ü NOTE: be sure you make your connection points or terminals tighten firmly to avoid failure or loose contacts, You can use either the wiring screws or the quick connects. However, the screws are the preferred method as they provide a better contact between the wires and the outlet. Also, if you fail to strip enough wire for the quick connect, the wire can work itself loose over time causing all the outlets downstream to fail.

v Wrap the hook you made on the wires around the screw terminals of the outlet.

Doing this provides a significantly superior connection compared to back-wiring, and most electricians use this technique on their own houses because of it. If you insist on back-wiring, insert the tip of the black wire into one of the holes nearest the dark screws and push it in as far as it will go. You may need to use the needle nose pliers to push the wire in, as these can be really stiff sometimes. The wire should go nearly the full 1.5 cm (5/8") in. Repeat this with the white wire into a hole near the lighter colour screws.

v Put the hook you made in the ground wire clockwise around the green screw.

Tighten the screw until it is secure. This connection must be tight. Then gently push all the wires back inside the electrical box or panel and screw the oulet into their places and then replace the cover back

Congratulations, you have just completed the wiring of your circuit

v Go back to the electric panel.

Make sure you double-check that the power is turned off. Although it is advice able to treat all exposed wires and conductive metal and conductors as though it is live (energized, or is carrying current). Always be sure to protect yourself against electrical shock, by placing a rubber mat on the floor and stand on it while you try bending the wires out from the panel while stile working in your project, and do well to protect your hand so that they do no touch any live wire

v Locate the grounding bus bar

This is a long bar with many screw terminals with existing uninsulated and green insulated (ground) wires terminated to it and often times will have white wires terminated to it as well. Most properties with only one electrical panel has a single such bus bar (as described above) for the termination of both ground and neutral wires. Most properties that have more than one electrical panel (a second panel for a detached garage or dedicated shop area; or provided during expansion of or addition to a home - are common scenarios), are required to have a bus bar for the termination of ground wires and a separate bus bar for the termination of neutral wires. Suffice to say, if the panel has one bar used to terminate only white wires and another bus bar used to terminate only green or / and bare wires, it is very important to maintain the integrity of these two systems by adding ground wires only to the ground bus bar and neutral wires only to the neutral bus bar. Failure to do so is a code violation and a potential shock hazard.

v Cut the ground wire to length so that it comfortably reaches the grounding post after following a path out of the way of other wires, typically following right-angles across the bottom of the panel and up to the grounding post.

Don't cut it too short, but don't leave too much slack either. If the ground wire has a green jacket, strip 1.5cm (5/8") of the jacket from the end of the wire.

v Find an unused terminal on this grounding bar,

unscrew it part way, insert the ground wire, and then tighten the screw back down onto the exposed copper until the wire is secure. Place only one wire per terminal. Do not over tighten and crush the conductor under the screw.

v Locate the neutral bar if there is one.

This is similar to the grounding post, except that it will have only white wires hooked into it. In many cases, the neutral bar and ground bar are the same. If this is the case, both the ground wire and the white neutral wire may be terminated to the same grounding bar.

v Cut the white neutral wire to length, then

strip 1.5cm (5/8") of the jacket off and bind it to the neutral binding post the same way as you did for the ground wire. Place only one wire per terminal. Do not over tighten and crush the conductor under the screw.

v Locate the open slot in the electrical panel that you want to install this circuit into.

Note that there is a "hot" conductive bar that sticks out on one side, and a plastic or grounded metal tab on the other (depending on panel manufacturer).

v Being careful to not touch anything conductive

determine the length of wire needed to reach this slot easily, also following a path around the outside of the panel. Cut the wire to length.

v Check or select a circuit breaker suitable for the task and panel.

The panel cover will provide a list of circuit breakers models that have been tested with and are approved for use in the panel by an independent test facility such as UL (Underwriters Labs), FM (Factory Mutual), etc.. Under no circumstances should any circuit breaker that does not appear on this list be installed into the panel - regardless if it fits; or not. Circuit breakers made by Square D, Murray, ITE, Sylvania, Westinghouse, Moeller, ABB, hacker etc. are to be installed in panels made by the same breaker manufacturer. Do not make the mistake of trying to install a Square D (or other manufacturer) circuit breaker into a different manufacturer's panel.

v Locate the single binding screw on the new circuit breaker.

Don't put the breaker in place yet, but take a look at how there is a slot for the tab in the panel to fit into, and there is another slot where the conductive bar will fit. Strip 1.5cm (5/8") of the end of the black wire, insert it into the breaker, and bind it securely to the breaker. Be sure to check and confirm that you breached

v Standing on the rubber mat, place one hand at your side or behind your back...

This is not a tasteless joke, but is actually a safety measure. Working with two hands is dangerous because if you ever touch anything that is hot, current can run in one arm, through your heart, and back out the other arm. One hand is all you need, so keep the other out of the way. And then slot in the v

v Then firmly push the other end of the breaker in over the electrical contact until it is seated in line with the other breakers.

v Locate the place on the panel cover where this new breaker needs to be exposed.

There is very likely a metal tab that needs to be broken out of the panel so the new breaker can stick out from it. Break out this metal tab and put the cover back on the panel.

v Restore power to the panel.

Reverse the order of the shut down procedure in the first step by turning the main breaker back on. This large current switch has no load on it and will be less stressful on it as a result. Continue restoring power to the circuits by moving remaining circuit breaker handles to the on position, one at a time. Hold off on turning the new circuit on for last. Once all the other circuits have been restored, check that all the original electrical circuits & devices are functioning once again. If any breaker immediately trips, it probably indicates that you created a short circuit. In this case, you will need to either shut all the power off and carefully inspect the panel and / or other work to find it; or call in an electrician.

v Turn the new circuit on.

If it immediately trips, you will need to recheck your work and connections.

v Plug a lamp into your new circuit to test it.

Odds are that it will now work just as it should. Smile because you just saved yourself certain amount of money

· That is how far we can take on this article remember to search for more articles and subscribe to our email mailing letter so you can receive our new post directly to your email or like our facebook page to see updates about new post

19 KILLED, MORE THAN 150 HOUSES AFFECTED IN PLATEAU VILLAGE ATTACK

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Thu, 17 Sep 2015 06:56:00 +0000

No fewer than 19 persons were on Wednesday killed in Kadunung village of Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau State by unknown gunmen.
correspondent gathered that the gunmen, numbering about 100, had invaded the village and shot indiscriminately at the people who were just waking up from their sleep.

It was suspected that the attack was carried out by some farmers in the area against Monday’s attack in about seven villages in Barkin Ladi Local Government Area, where more than 20 farmers had been killed by suspected pastoralists.

The Chairman, Management Committee of Mangu Local Government, Mr. Titus Bise, who confirmed the attack, said there were over 150 houses burnt by the attackers. He said he personally led the rescue team that discovered 11 bodies.

Bise said, “After the attack, I was part of the rescue team that evacuated the victims. And so far, we have recovered 11 bodies of people burnt in their houses.

“Apart from the 11 bodies we picked from various places, there was a compound where we saw seven people burnt in their rooms. That makes 18 death people so far. We are suspecting there are bodies in the bushes. Some youths are still searching and more bodies might be recovered. But for now, we have dead bodies which have been buried already.

“The attack has created serious humanitarian problems for the government. We are talking of 5,000 residents of the village displaced; their houses were burnt by the attackers.

“Though members of the communities are alleging that the gunmen are their Berom neighbours, but that will be subject to confirmation after full investigation. I am not in the position to confirm that now.

Bise, however, appealed to government agencies at federal and state levels to come to the aid of victims. All the villagers have fled their homes to safe grounds.

“More than 5,000 may have been displaced. The report reaching me from Bauchi is that 1,000 displaced people are already taking refuge in parts of Bauchi State. The neighbouring villages are having more displaced people than they can cater for.

“The situation of the displaced is worse because rainy season is at its peak. Most of the displaced are in the open rain. That alone can increase the casualties, if nothing is done fast. I appreciate the security agencies; they are all over the village as well as its surroundings.”

But the leader of the Berom Vigilante Group in Barkin Ladi, Mr. Pam Bot, denied the allegation, saying that Berom could not have attacked its neighbours in that manner.

Bot said, “This kind of attack is that of the Fulani militias who are always lurking around the boundary between Barkin Ladi and Mangu. I have received a report of some of the gunmen who lost their lives in this particular attack. It is a confirmation that the attackers are Fulani, not Berom.

“The entire Berom community is in sympathy with families that lost their loved ones in the attack.”

POLICE ARREST ILLEGAL ARMS FACTORY OWNERS

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Thu, 17 Sep 2015 06:15:00 +0000

The Police in Kaduna have arrested owners of illegal arms factories in Southern part of Kaduna State.

The suspected arms factories owners were paraded before journalists at the Headquarters of Kaduna State Police Command on Wednesday.

The state Commissioner of Police, Shehu Usman, said the suspects specialised in illegal producers of arms and ammunition as well as suppliers of weapons to criminal gangs terrorising the state.

The police chief explained that detectives attached to area commander Kafanchan based on an intelligence report arrested the suspects in Kaura and Zangon Kataf council areas of the state.

According to him, during the raid, 37 locally made pistols, 11 revolver pistols and 34 single barrel guns were among dangerous weapons found in their possession.

The commissioner said, “The suspects in their various arms manufacturing factories in Southern Kaduna area, manufactured and supplied arms and ammunition to criminal elements operating there.

“The suspects are one Isah Yahaya, Zamari Peter, Baye Tswan all of Mabushi in Kaura Local Government Area and Felix Paul of Samaru in Zangon Kataf.

“Items recovered from them include four manual hand drilling machines, six electric drilling machines, three gas cylinders, three bench vice, two dane guns, one 7.62mm ammunition, three 5.56mm ammunition, two tiger generators, a box containing different parts of locally made pistols and rifles and a tool box for the fabrication of rifle parts.”

Meanwhile, also nabbed and paraded is one Mrs. Moji Olangunjo, who specialises in printing fake identity cards and documents of different organisations.

The commissioner said when search was carried out in her residence, nine fake police identification cards, seven fake military identification cards as well as fake driving licences were recovered.

“When a search was conducted in her business centre, fake identity cards were recovered, nine fake police ID cards, seven fake military identity cards, 10 fake driving licences and 19 other different Identity cards,”.

SIMPLE BUT INTERESTING WAYS TO APOLOGIZE

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Mon, 14 Sep 2015 20:17:00 +0000

Has you actions or reactions ever offended any one around you or have you ever been offended by others actions?
Have you ever wondered or seek for an opportunity to give words of apology?, where you able to succeed in doing that?

Now ask yourself why am i always been offended or why am i always offending others?

can you imagine why its always so?

Now lets consider why such happens to us and how we can avoid or handle such situations:

THE CHALLENGE

Just imagine You and your spouse have just had an argument. how will you react, will you say ''i don’t need to apologize, after all, I'm not the one who started it!’'

You may try drop the issue, but the tension lingers. You reconsider apologizing, but you cannot bring yourself to say some simple words “I'm sorry.”

Now ask yourself why is it happening and why cant i resolve the issues immediately and then consider most of the possible cause of such as explained below:

WHY IT HAPPENS

Pride. “Sometimes it’s hard to say ‘I’m sorry’ because my ego gets in the way,” admits a husband named Charles. Inordinate pride can make you too embarrassed to acknowledge your share of the blame.

Viewpoint. You might feel that an apology is in order only if you are responsible for the problem. A wife named Jill says: “When I know I’m a hundred percent at fault, it’s easy to say ‘I’m sorry.’ But when we both said things we regret, it’s difficult. I mean, why should I apologize if both of us messed up?”

You might feel even more justified if you feel that what happened was entirely your spouse’s fault. “When you genuinely believe that you haven’t done anything wrong,” says a husband named Joseph, “withholding an apology becomes a way of declaring your innocence.”

Upbringing. Perhaps you were raised in a household where apologies were seldom uttered. If so, you may not have learned to own up to your mistakes. Having had little practice as a child, offering sincere apologies as an adult has never become your habit.

After considering those things you may some how taken notice of some areas you went wrong wrong and maybe out of ignorant, you may not even notice to implication of your reactions or actions on people. you may even claim innocent while you are guilty, that is to say, you are ignoramus of your actions, so what can be done to put all this aside?

Consider some of the most important things you can do as explained below:

WHAT YOU CAN DO

An apology from both or one side can extinguish the flames of conflict

Focus on your spouse. Try to think of a time when someone apologized to you and how good that made you feel. Why not make your spouse feel the same way? Even if you do not believe you were wrong, you can apologize for the hurt your spouse feels or for the unintended consequences of your actions. Such words can help your spouse to heal.

Focus on your marriage. View an apology, not as a defeat for you, but as a victory for your marriage. After all, a person who remains offended is “more unyielding than a fortified city,” It is difficult, if not impossible, to restore peace in such a defensive atmosphere. On the other hand, when you apologize you prevent the offence from becoming a barrier. In essence, you put your marriage ahead of yourself..

Be quick to apologize. True, apologizing may be difficult if you are not fully to blame. But your spouse’s faults do not excuse bad behaviour on your part. So do not hesitate to apologize, thinking that the passing of time will cover over the offences. Your apologizing can make it easier for your spouse to apologize too. And the more you practice apologizing, the easier it will become for you.

Prove that you mean it. Rationalizing your behaviour is not the same as apologizing for it. And saying, perhaps with a tinge of sarcasm, “I'm sorry that you’re so sensitive about this” is not an apology at all! Accept responsibility for your actions and acknowledge the hurt your spouse feels, whether you believe that the hurt is warranted or not.

Face the facts. Humbly accept that you will make mistakes. After all, everyone does! Even if you think you are blameless in a situation, recognize that your version of what happened is probably not the whole story. “The first to state his case seems right,” says the Bible, “until the other party comes and cross-examines him.” You will be more apt to apologize if you have a realistic view of yourself and your shortcomings.

THINGS YOU MAY KNOW AND LIKE

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Sun, 13 Sep 2015 12:22:00 +0000

NIGERIAN REFINERIES CAN'T ACCOUNT FOR N2.44bn crude

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Sun, 13 Sep 2015 06:28:00 +0000

The nation’s refineries wasted or illegally disposed of 258,810 barrels of crude, which they received for processing in April and May this year, the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation has disclosed.

According to the petroleum information report, the refineries received the crude oil for the two months but failed to produce any refined product during the period.

The report obtained on Friday specifically indicated that the Port Harcourt Refining Company, Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company Limited, and Warri Refining and Petrochemical Company Limited, which received the crude, could not account for the supplies for the period.

As of Friday, the price of crude oil was $47.96 per barrel. Going by this, the cost of the 258,810 barrels of crude oil supplied to the refineries in the two months will therefore be $12.41m.

The Central Bank of Nigeria naira exchange rate to the United States dollar was 197 on Friday. Therefore, the naira equivalent for the supplied crude to the three refineries during the period under review is N2.44bn.

The NNPC stated in the report, that the refineries, which received 204,720 barrels of crude in April, failed to churn out any refined product.

It also said that the only refinery, WRPC, which got 54,090 barrels of crude in May, did not process anything either for the month.

Therefore, the total volume of crude oil supplied to the three refineries in April and May was given as 258,810 barrels, but nothing was recorded as processed petroleum products by the firms during the period.

For instance, the report stated that in April, the three refineries received 204,720 barrels of crude oil and had total opening stock of 1.164 million barrels of crude.

In the same month, the total crude available for processing was given as 1.369 million barrels but nothing was processed by the national oil firms in April, the NNPC report stated.

While detailing the operations of the refineries and their various crude balance for April, the NNPC said, “This month, 204,720 barrels of crude oil and slop was received by the three refineries, KRPC, PHRC and WRPC.

“With an opening stock of 1.164 million barrels, the total crude oil available for processing was 1.369 million barrels out of which zero barrel was processed. The respective average capacity utilisation during the month was 0.00%, 0.00% and 0.00% for the KRPC, PHRC and WRPC, respectively.”

Although only the WRPC received crude, 54,090 barrels in May, the Warri refinery and Port Harcourt refinery had combined opening stock of 484,240 barrels of crude for the month under review.

The volume of crude that was available to them for processing was 538,330 barrels, out of which nothing was processed.

In detailing the operations of the refineries and their various crude balance for the month of May 2015, the NNPC said in the report, “This month, 54,090 barrels of Seplat crude oil were received by the WRPC.

“The PHRC and WRPC had an opening stock of 484,240 barrels, total crude oil available for processing was 538,330 barrels out of which zero barrel was processed. The respective average capacity utilisation during the month was 0.00%, 0.00% and 0.00% for the KRPC, PHRC and WRPC, respectively.”

The NNPC, however, stated that in March, “zero barrels of slop was received by the three refineries.”

It noted that “with an opening stock of 1.164 million barrels, the total crude oil available for processing (in March) was 1.164 million barrels out of which zero barrel was processed. The respective average capacity utilisation during the month was 0.00%, 0.00% and 0.00% for the KRPC, PHRC and WRPC, respectively.”

The corporation, on many occasions in the past, had stated that the inability of the refineries to process crude was due to the turnaround maintenance being carried out on them.

The new management of the NNPC, however, stated that the refineries were now processing crude oil, although none of them was working at optimum capacity.

On July 28, the NNPC announced that the Port Harcourt and Warri refineries had been successfully re-streamed after a nine-month rehabilitation carried out by its in-house engineers and technicians.

The corporation said that both plants had commenced preliminary refining of petroleum products after a successful test-run, adding that while the PHRC was ramping up its operation to about 60 per cent of its 210,000 barrels per day capacity, the WRPC production was projected to hit 80 per cent of its installed 125,000bpd capacity.

The NNPC said the Port Harcourt refinery was projected to boost the nation’s local refining capacity with a product yield of five million litres of petrol per day, while that of Warri would contribute 3.5 million litres of petrol.

Reacting to the development, the Chairman, Petroleum Downstream Group of the Lagos Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Mr. Emmanuel Osagie, told our correspondent that the poor management of the refineries had resulted in their inability to process crude oil.

He also said that some of the crude oil supplied to the refineries might have been used in the crude for product swap arrangement adopted by the NNPC, adding that it was a good thing to hear that the government recently cancelled the oil swap model.

HOW TO PROTECT YOUR INFORMATION ONLINE

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Fri, 11 Sep 2015 07:02:00 +0000

IFE ADEDAPO writes on ways to strengthen cybersecurity

The Central Bank of Nigeria estimates that about N40bn has been lost by Nigerian banks to cybercrimes in recent times.

Organisations and prominent individuals are also victims of the tactics of fraudsters online while th
ese activities cost businesses huge sums of money and affect their overall performance.

According to experts, the fight against cybercrime globally can only be made possible if a robust information security policy framework exists.

But as the frequency and costs of security incidents continue to rise, a survey by PricewaterhouseCoopers found that many organisations have not updated critical information security processes, technologies, and employee training needed to combat cybercrimes.

The report titled, ‘The global state of information security,’ states that in some cases, it appears that information security programmes have weakened due to inadequate investments in it.

It adds that the financial costs of investigating and mitigating online financial crime incidents grow year over year.

The report notes that the total number of security incidents detected by respondents rose to 42.8 million in 2014, an increase of 48 per cent from 2013.

Taking a longer view, the survey data shows the compound annual growth rate of detected security incidents has increased 66 per cent year over year since 2009.

According to the survey, these numbers are by no means definitive, however; they represent only the total incidents detected and reported.

“It is important to note that many organisations are unaware of attacks, while others do not report detected incidents for strategic reasons or because the attack is being investigated as a matter of national security,” it says.

Employees, third parties are insider threats

The report notes that former and existing employees in organisations play active role in the breach of information security.

It adds, “Compromises by insiders – current and former employees, as well as third parties with trusted network access – continue to rise, but many organisations have not implemented processes and technologies to address internal incidents.

“No matter how secure an organisation’s network and data, it will be open to compromise if third parties do not employ equivalent security and privacy safeguards. Another worrisome finding is a diminished commitment to employee training and awareness programmes.”

According to PwC, employees are not the only culprits but third parties, who have been given access to Internet networks and data such as current and former service providers, consultants, and contractors, are perpetrators.

“When organisations overlook the threats residing inside their ecosystems, the effects can be devastating. Yet many companies do not have an insider-threat programme in place, and are therefore not prepared to prevent, detect, and respond to internal threats,” the report notes.

Financial cost of security breaches on the rise

The annual financial costs of investigating and mitigating security incidents increased substantially this year, particularly among large organisations. It’s also worth noting that the number of respondents reporting losses of $20m or more almost doubled over 2013.

PwC observes that the compromises often extend beyond Information Technology to other areas of the business, but will also include other areas such as breach of customer trust and operational disruptions.

The survey reveals that small organisations are not spending on security. It adds that companies with revenues less than $10m reduced security investments by 20 per cent over 2013.

It adds, “Information security spending is not keeping pace with increases in the frequency and costs of security incidents, despite elevated concerns about cyber risks. PWC’s survey reports that investments in information security budgets declined four per cent over 2013.

“Medium-size organisations (with revenues of $100m to $1bn) and large companies (with revenues greater than $1bn) report a modest five per cent increase in security spending.”

Conduct due diligence of third parties

The report advises organisations to implement the necessary processes and technologies to prevent, protect, detect, and respond to elevated threats.

Among prevention and protection safeguards, areas to consider strengthening are due diligence of third-party providers, employee security awareness and training programmes, and technologies such as patch-management tools, intrusion-prevention tools, and privileged user access, it says.

According to the survey, it is worrisome that implementation of these key safeguards has declined over 2013.

Collaborating to improve security

Organisations are beginning to understand the strategic value of external collaboration to improve security and threat intelligence, the report explains.

It notes that 55 per cent of respondents say they collaborate with others to improve security in 2014.

“Larger companies, which often have more mature security programmes, are more likely to collaborate than smaller organisations,” it adds.

According to the PWC’s survey, security executives say collaboration with entities like information sharing and analysis centres, industry associations, and government agencies can be a very valuable risk-awareness tool.

Exploring mobile service security

The survey reveals that the respondents also are taking steps to improve mobile-device security programmes.

According to the survey, this is because more than half (54 per cent) of respondents say they have implemented a mobile security strategy, and 47 per cent say they employ mobile-device management or mobile-application management solutions.

The use of cyber insurance

According to the experts, the adoption of cyber insurance as a tool to help manage security risks continues to rise.

The report says that more than half of respondents say they have purchased cyber security insurance. And among those that have done so, many are taking steps to enhance their security posture in order to lower their insurance premium.

NIGERIA, AND OTHERS LOSE N6.5tn IN MOBILE MONEY TRANSFER

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Fri, 11 Sep 2015 06:19:00 +0000

Nigeria and other African nations have lost $33bn (N6.5tn) in mobile money remittance from international and cross border transfer, the World Bank has said.

The bank stated this on Thursday in a report entitled ‘Africa’s Mobile Money’, as Nigeria, Africa’s largest
remittance nation, prepares to host the 2015 RemitAfrica conference from November 4 to 5. The conference is expected to have more than 200 delegates and 65 industry stakeholders from more than 25 countries in attendance.

The World Bank report comes barely 10 days after the Central Bank of Nigeria said it was reviewing its tight regulatory policy on mobile money to make telecommunications companies play more roles in the adoption of the initiative, which aims at driving financial inclusion across the country.

The World Bank said in its report that Nigeria’s loss in mobile money remittance amounted to a projected slow at 0.9 per cent.

“Globally, it is expected to reach $586bn (N115.4tn) in 2015, though at a slower growth rate of 0.4 per cent due to economic conditions and is expected to accelerate again to reach an estimated $636bn (N125.3tn) in 2017.

“Africa, especially Nigeria, has made great strides in mobile technology adoption and penetration; however, despite the pervasive coverage of such mobile networks across Africa, technological innovation has yet to drive down costs in remittance markets,” the bank stated.

It added, “The barriers to cost-reduction, challenges and opportunities in the Nigerian remittance market, improving efficiency at the last mile, the role of non-bank financial institutions and the emergence of digital remittances such as mobile money are some of the subject matter areas to be considered at the conference being held in Lagos.

“The other subject matter areas are online transfers and crypto-currencies in lowering remittance cost for Africans.”

Under the CBN’s rule, the roles of telecoms companies have been reduced to mere transactions that passed through their ubiquitous network of infrastructure. But the World Bank said last week it had realised that the telcos had huge infrastructure spread across the country and could actually provide the enabling infrastructure for mobile money agents to work effectively.

Before now, the telcos had been calling for a collaborative approach with the banks in order to drive the growth of the country’s mobile money scheme.

The telcos had always stated that the formal market for international and cross border money transfer to Nigeria was still young and faced emerging markets’ challenges when compared to more established markets.

Meanwhile, the General Manager, Corporate Affairs, MTN Nigeria, Ms. Funmi Onajide, has once again said there is an urgent need for an all-inclusive framework that will allow strategic partnerships by all stakeholders, noting that this will ensure that Nigeria can deliver similar growth to that recorded by Kenya.

“This position is premised on the following key facts: African mobile operators have a wider reach than banks today in terms of distribution and, therefore, have the potential to onboard many more customers at the bottom of the pyramid than banks can through their branch networks,” she said.

Onajide also said, “As a function of this reach, but also because of this being an incremental service alongside core mobile services, the cost of acquisition for a mobile operator is far lower than for a bank.

“Mobile operators are not deposit-taking institutions, and for the overall good of the industry, it seems to us that more collaboration between the banks and the operators is needed.”

ABOUT The Parrot Fish—A Sand-Making Machine

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Thu, 10 Sep 2015 21:28:00 +0000

THE FACT ABOUT THE PARROT-FISH FACTS

fish (known to scientists as Scaridae) are a large family of some 80 different species that frequent coral reefs throughout the Tropics. Their name comes from their distinctive mouth that looks somewhat like a parrot’s beak. The length of parrot fish ranges from 20 to 40 inches (50 to 100 cm)

WHERE does sand come from?

There are many sources. But the one described in this
article might surprise you. It is a fish that grinds coral into fine sand—the parrot fish!

Parrot fish live in various tropical waters throughout the world. After swallowing crushed coral, they extract tiny food morsels and then expel the rest in the form of sand. To do its job, the parrot fish uses its powerful beaklike jaws and strong back teeth. Some species can live as long as 20 years, without wearing out their teeth.

In some areas, by busily chomping away on dead coral, the parrot fish produces more sand than any other natural sand-making process. Some researchers estimate that a typical parrot fish produces hundreds of pounds (kg) of sand a year.

Swarthy parrot fish

The parrot fish performs another vital task. As it grazes intensively on dead, algae-coated coral and vegetable material, it also keeps the coral clean. The peculiar diet of parrot fish thus maintains the reef in good condition. Where they and other grazers (herbivores) are absent, the reef quickly gets choked with algae and seaweed. “Some suggest that modern reefs would not exist in their present form if it were not for herbivores,” explains the book Reef Life.

All this activity during the day requires a good rest at night, and here again parrot fish are unusual. Nighttime is dangerous on the reef, since many predators are at large. Parrot fish usually sleep concealed under a ledge, but such a hiding place will not always protect them from a hungry shark.

For additional safety, some parrot fish wrap themselves up for the night. They secrete a protective mucus that envelops them, looking somewhat like a transparent nightgown. Marine scientists believe that this foul-smelling wrapping protects them from predators.

The parrot fish is one of the most visible and attractive fish of the reef. Male and female parrot fish often come in a whole palette of vivid colors, which change as they grow to adulthood. But best of all, parrot fish become quite tame in areas where they are not overfished. So they are some of the easiest fish to observe.

Getting up close to a parrot fish while watching and listening to it munch on coral is something few explorers of a coral reef will ever forget. And as parrot fish parade their finery, they keep their environment healthy for other reef creatures and us humans to enjoy.

How SOLAR POWER SYSTEM WORKS AND GUIDE TO PRACTICAL INSTALLATION

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Thu, 10 Sep 2015 13:23:00 +0000

since you have decided to spend part of your time in reading this article, before the end of it all, i will explain to you and you will be able to distinguish between:

Solar Panels
Inverters
Batteries
Charge controllers and other solar power system components in Nigeria, Benin, Togo, Ghana, Niger and beyond.

NOW LETS START:

SOLAR PANEL

WHAT IS A SOLAR PANEL?

Solar panel is a device that convert sun light into electricity.

They are called sola panels because they are( photovoltaic) cells convert the sun's energy into electricity which may also mean "light-electricity."

2. NVERTER

Any power inverter, or inverter, is an electronic device or aparatus or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The input voltage, the output voltage and the frequency, and the design of the specific device or circuitry determines the overall power rating of any inverter.

A more complete PV system for use especially in Sub-Saharan Africa and developing countries where electricity production and distribution is poor will also include

3. Batteries:

For storing electricity for future use

Charge controller:

For a control and optimal charging of the battery

Stabilizers: For the effective regulation of input voltage

So, Where Can I Buy Solar Panels and Inverters in Nigeria?

PSC Solar (UK) is Africa’s leading manufacturer and distributor of Solar Power products, with office located in Lagos, Nigeria.

They provide Cost-competitive, Environmental friendly, high quality and innovative Solar/renewable energy products including but not limited to Solar PV Panels, Inverters, Solar Charge Controllers, Solar Streetlights and Deep Cycle Batteries.

PSC Solar has been in operation for about 30 years now with branches and offices spread across Africa, Europe and Canada.

PSC Solar manufactures all their products in the UK and Germany and according to Vanguard Newspaper, PSC Industries is already building a N5billion solar panel manufacturing plant in Nigeria.

ONGOING OIL PRICE FALL STALLS FUNDING OF SWF

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Thu, 10 Sep 2015 10:35:00 +0000

The continued fall in the prices of crude oil globally has stalled the Federal Government’s contribution to the country’s sovereign wealth fund.

The Managing Director/Chief Executive, Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority, Mr. Uche Orji, has disclosed to State House correspondents on Wednesday after briefing President Muhammadu Buhari on the activities and the investments of the NSIA, and just as
he said that the preparatory stage for the Second Niger Bridge had gulped $2.2m.

He also said that the $1bn seed capital for the SWF contributed by the government recorded N15.7bn profit in 2014.

on responding to questions when asked if the authority had received additional fund outside the seed capital, he said, “Oil price is below benchmark. Because we are supposed to be funded when the oil price is above benchmark, it will not make any sense for the government to make any contribution now when the oil price is still low.

he also added ,“But there are other ways to support the fund which we have discussed with the President. When the time is ripe, that will be made known by the President’s spokesperson.”

Speaking on the state of the fund, he said, “The government gave us $1bn which is the only contribution we have received and we made N15.7bn profit last year from the contribution. We haven’t got additional funds from the government but the fund is structured in a way that it can go through hard time.

“We all know that the oil price is volatile; it comes up and goes down but the fund is structured in such a way that it can remain continuously profitable. The fund remains the fund from the government and the profit made. We also discussed about potential infrastructure investments that can be made, but when the time is right the President can make that known.”

On the Second Niger Bridge, he said the authority had a vehicle called NSIA Motorways Investment Company that partners Julius Berger to become the preferred bidder in the bridge.

The NSIA boss said the authority was still going through the process of signing concessional agreement to become a concessionaire and to do all that was needed to prepare the project.

NNPC OPENS NEW OIL SWAP CONTRACT

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Thu, 10 Sep 2015 07:39:00 +0000

Statements from industry sources have Indications showing that The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation may have set up four new crude oil swap contracts to replace those cancelled last month which is vital for bringing in about half of the country’s domestic fuel demand.

The NNPC, under the leadership of Dr. Ibe Kachikwu, had on August 26 announced the cancellation of the contract for the delivery of crude oil to the nation’s refineries in Warri, Port Harcourt and Kaduna.

And the coperation also announced the termination of
the Offshore Processing Agreement entered into in January 2015 with three companies: namely

Duke Oil Company Inc,
Aiteo Energy Resources Limited and
Sahara Energy Resources Limited.

It said the agreement was “skewed in favour of the companies such that the value of product delivered is significantly lower than the equivalent crude oil allocated for the programme”, adding that the decision to cancel the oil delivery contracts to the refineries was taken after proper evaluation.

The corporation then said it had invited Oando, Sahara Energy, Calson, MRS, Duke Oil, BP/Nigermed and Total Trading to bid for the new OPA.

Though there was a change to the new contract winners, it was unclear whether they would be more transparent, Reuters reported on Wednesday.

It stated that the NNPC had no choice but to continue with some form of swap arrangement, adding that the only other form of petrol input was from a fraud-ridden import subsidy scheme.

But the NNPC said it was an internal arrangement in which three of its subsidiaries were being used to fill the gap created by the recent cancellation of the OPA.

The Group General Manager, Group Public Affairs Division, NNPC, Mr. Ohi Alegbe, in a telephone interview with some media, on Wednesday, said, “The true position is that there was OPA agreement; it was not a swap. And it is a stop-gap measure just between now and December, and it involves only three in-house companies, namely: Duke Oil, Napoil and Calson. We are not dealing with any external company.”

CBN URGES STATE GOVERNMENTS TO MAINTAIN SINGLE ACCOUNT

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Wed, 09 Sep 2015 19:33:00 +0000

The Central Bank of Nigeria on Wednesday in Abuja advised state governments to adopt the Federal Government’s system of using a single account for all its revenue deposits.

Mr Kure Abubakar, Head, Client Services at the CBN, gave the advise while presenting a paper on
“Understanding Treasury Single Account” at the close of a two day workshop on the Fiscal Responsibility Act.

The News Agency of Nigeria also reports that the workshop, whichit said began on Tuesday, was organised for government revenue generating Ministries, Departments and Agencies.

He again said the TSA, if adopted by states, could help them to get maximum benefits.

Mr. Abubakar, while answering questions from participants urged them to comply with the Federal Government’s directive and adhere to the September 15 deadline to avoid sanctions.

On the sidelines of the workshop, he told newsmen that some MDAs had complied and that if others failed to comply, then they stood the risk of being sanctioned by the president.

Mr. Abubakar said, “There are sanctions and the directive says all erring MDAs will be penalised and that is enough because that is the type of political will we need.

“If you don’t comply the consequence is yours. I cannot say specific penalties but I believe the president has the authority to penalise either the Managing Director or Chief Executive of such MDA.

“So those that refuse to comply are on their own or they should show reason to the government why they cannot comply.”

He also said that MDAs that require a waiver could do so by making a presentation to the president stating why such should be granted.

SCHOOL STUDENT STUDENT GOT ELECTRICUTED

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Wed, 09 Sep 2015 14:02:00 +0000

There was confusion on Wednesday at the University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State, as students went on the rampage after a female student got electrocuted in the institution on Tuesday night.

Iformation gathered show that the female student, whose name had yet to be ascertained

, was a 300 Level student of the department of Accounting. She was said to be a first-class student.

FIVE WAYS YOU CAN IMPROVE YOUR HEALTH

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Wed, 09 Sep 2015 13:24:00 +0000

THESE ARE SOME Ways to Improve Your Health

SAFEGUARD YOUR HEALTH!

Your health is affected by realities over which you have no control—such as economic conditions, the availability of resources, and so on. In all likelihood, however, it should be within your means to adopt at least some of the suggestions given in the foregoing article. As a wise man of ancient times put it,

THESE ARE SOME Ways to Improve Your Health

WHO wants to be sick? At the very least, an illness is an inconvenience and an expense. You not only feel bad, but when you are sick, you may not be able to go to work or school, earn any money, or look after your family. You may even need someone to look after you, and you may have to pay for expensive medicines and treatment.

Well has it been said that “Prevention is better than cure.” Some illnesses cannot be avoided. Still, there is much you can do to slow down or even prevent the onset of illness. Consider five things that you can do today to get on the road to better health.

1 PRACTICE GOOD HYGIENE

According to the Mayo Clinic, “one of the best ways to avoid getting sick and spreading illness” is to wash your hands. One of the easiest ways to catch a cold or influenza is to rub your nose or your eyes when your hands have been contaminated by germs. Your best defense against such contamination is to wash your hands regularly. Good hygiene can also prevent the spread of more serious conditions, such as pneumonia and diarrheal diseases, which every year cause the death of over two million children under the age of five. Even the spread of deadly Ebola can be minimized by the simple habit of washing hands.

There are certain times when hand washing is particularly important to protect your own health and that of others. You should wash your hands:

After using the toilet.
After changing diapers or helping a child to use the toilet.
Before and after treating a wound or a cut.
Before and after being with someone who is sick.
Before preparing, serving, or eating food.
After sneezing, coughing, or blowing your nose.
After touching an animal or animal waste.
After handling garbage.

And do not take it for granted that you are cleaning your hands properly. Studies have shown that a large percentage of those who use public toilets do not wash their hands afterward or do not wash them correctly. How should you wash your hands?

Wet your hands in clean running water and apply soap.
Rub your hands together to make a lather, not forgetting to clean your nails, your thumbs, the backs of your hands, and between your fingers.
Keep rubbing for at least 20 seconds.
Rinse in clean running water.
Dry with a clean cloth or a paper towel.

Such measures are simple but can avert illness and save lives.

2 USE A SAFE WATER SUPPLY

Obtaining sufficient clean water for one’s family is a regular chore in some countries. Yet, access to clean water can become a concern in any part of the world when a main supply that is usually good to drink becomes contaminated as a result of a flood, a storm, a pipe break, or some other issue. If water does not come from a safe source or is not stored correctly, it can cause parasite infestation, as well as cholera, life-threatening diarrhea, typhoid, hepatitis, and other infections. Unsafe drinking water is one of the causes of an estimated 1.7 billion cases of diarrheal disease every year.

There is much you can do to slow down or prevent the onset of illness

Cholera is most often contracted when a person drinks water or eats food that is contaminated with fecal matter from infected people. What steps can you take to protect yourself, even in the immediate aftermath of a disaster, from this and other types of water contamination?

Ensure that all your drinking water—including the water used for brushing teeth, making ice, washing food and dishes, or cooking—comes from a safe source, such as an adequately treated public supply or sealed bottles from a reputable firm.
If there is any possibility that your piped supply has been contaminated, boil your water before use or treat it with an appropriate chemical product.
When using chemicals, such as chlorine or water-purifying tablets, follow the maker’s directions carefully.
Use quality water filters, if available and affordable.
If no water-treatment products are available, add household bleach, eight drops per gallon of water (two drops per liter), mix well, and then let the water stand for 30 minutes before using it.
Always store treated water in clean, covered containers to protect it from possible recontamination.
Ensure that any vessel used to take water from your stored supply, such as a ladle, is clean.
Handle water containers with clean hands, and do not dip your hands or fingers into water used for drinking.

3 WATCH WHAT YOU EAT

Good health is impossible without good nutrition, and for good nutrition you need a healthy, balanced diet. You may need to consider your intake of salt, fats, and sugar, and you should watch your portion sizes. Include fruits and vegetables in your diet, and vary what you eat. Reading the packaging will help you to select whole-grain foods when buying bread, cereals, pasta, or rice. These are richer in nutrients and fiber than the alternatives made from refined grain. As for proteins, eat small and lean portions of meat and poultry and try to eat fish a couple of times a week, if possible. In some lands it is also possible to find protein-rich foods from vegetable sources.

If you eat too many sugars and solid fats, you risk becoming overweight. To minimize this risk, drink water instead of sweet beverages. Eat more fruit instead of sugary desserts. Limit your intake of solid fats from such items as sausages, meat, butter, cakes, cheese, and cookies. And instead of using solid fats for cooking, you may want to use healthier oils.

Too much salt, or sodium, in the diet can raise your blood pressure to an unhealthy level. If this is your problem, use the information on food packaging to keep your sodium intake low. Instead of salt, use herbs and spices to flavor your meals.

How much you eat can be as important as what you eat. So, while enjoying your food, do not keep eating after you are no longer hungry.

An issue tied to nutrition is the risk of food poisoning. Any food can poison you if it is not prepared and stored properly. Every year, 1 out of every 6 Americans falls sick from food poisoning. Most recover without lasting ill effects, but some die from it. What can you do to minimize the risk?

Vegetables grow in soil that may have been treated with manure, so wash these items carefully before preparing them.
Wash your hands, cutting board, utensils, dishes, and countertops with hot, soapy water before preparing each item.
To avoid cross-contamination, never put food on a surface or plate that was previously in contact with raw eggs, poultry, meat, or fish, without first washing that surface.
Cook until the food reaches the right temperature, and promptly refrigerate any perishable items that are not going to be eaten immediately.
Discard perishable items left at room temperature for more than two hours or one hour if air temperature exceeds 90 degrees Fahrenheit (32°C).

4 STAY PHYSICALLY ACTIVE

Regardless of your age, you need regular physical activity to stay in good shape. Many people today do not exercise enough. Why is exercise important? Staying physically active can help you to:

Sleep well.
Stay mobile.
Maintain strong bones and muscles.
Maintain or achieve a healthy weight.
Lower your risk of suffering from depression.
Lower your risk of premature death.

If you do not stay physically active, you are more likely to:

Suffer from heart disease.
Suffer from type 2 diabetes.
Develop high blood pressure.
Develop high cholesterol.
Suffer a stroke.

The kind of physical activity that is right for you depends on your age and your health, so it would be wise to consult your doctor before beginning any new exercise program. According to various recommendations, children and adolescents should get at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity every day. Adults should get 150 minutes of moderate activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity every week.

Choose an activity that is fun. You might consider basketball, tennis, soccer, brisk walking, cycling, gardening, chopping wood, swimming, canoeing, jogging, or other aerobic exercise. How can you tell whether an activity is moderate or vigorous? A general guide would be that moderate activity makes you sweat, but more vigorous exercise makes it hard for you to hold a conversation while doing it.

5 GET ENOUGH SLEEP

The amount of sleep needed varies from person to person. Most newborns sleep for 16 to 18 hours a day, toddlers about 14 hours, and preschoolers about 11 or 12. School-age children generally need at least 10 hours of sleep, adolescents perhaps 9 or 10, and adults from 7 to 8.

Getting the right amount of rest should not be considered optional. According to experts, sufficient sleep is important for:

Growth and development in children and teenagers.
Learning and retention of new information.
Maintaining the right balance of hormones that impact metabolism and weight.
Cardiovascular health.
Disease prevention.

Insufficient sleep has been linked to obesity, depression, heart disease, diabetes, and tragic accidents. Surely these give us good reason to want to get enough rest.

So, what can you do if you realize that you have a problem getting enough sleep?

Try to go to bed and get up at the same time every day.
Make your bedroom quiet, dark, relaxing, and neither too warm nor too cold.
Do not watch TV or use gadgets while in bed.
Make your bed as comfortable as possible.
Avoid heavy meals, caffeine, and alcohol before bedtime.
If after applying these suggestions you still suffer from insomnia or other sleep disorders—such as excessive daytime sleepiness or gasping for breath while sleeping—you may want to consult a qualified health-care professional.

ABOUT The Crocodile’s Jaw

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Wed, 09 Sep 2015 12:02:00 +0000

The Crocodile’s Jaw

THE crocodile has the most powerful bite ever measured for animals that are now living. For example, the saltwater crocodile, found near Australia, can bite nearly three times as hard as a lion or a tiger. Yet, the crocodile’s jaw is also incredibly sensitive to touch—even more sensitive than the human fingertip. How can that be, considering the crocodile’s armored skin? The crocodile’s jaw is covered with thousands of sense organs. After studying them, researcher Duncan Leitch noted: “Each of the nerve endings comes out of a hole in the skull.” This arrangement protects the nerve fibers in the jaw while providing sensitivity that in some spots is greater than instruments could measure. As a result, the crocodile can distinguish between food and debris in its mouth. That is also how a mother crocodile can carry her hatchlings in her mouth without accidentally crushing them. The crocodile’s jaw is a surprising combination of power and sensitivity.

What do you think?

Did the crocodile’s jaw come about by evolution? Or was it designed?

SIMPLE STEPS TO INSTALLING AN UN-INTERRUPTING SOLAR POWER IN HOMES, OFFICES and OFF GRID

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Thu, 03 Sep 2015 13:32:00 +0000

*This article will help you on Solar Panel Installation.
*Determine the No of Solar Panels needed
*Batteries Rating and their Backup time
*Inverter/UPS Rating
*Required Load and and their Wattage.

AFTER READING THIS ARTICLE, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO;

To determine the rating of Solar panels and decide on the number of panel required for each project

→ To determine the back up time of your batteries
→ To calculate and determine the charging current for your batteries
→ To Calculate and determine the Charging time for your batteries
→ Inverter/UPS Rating to withstand your load requirement for eace project you plan and

Are you ready to learn this?, i know you will love this article, now
let's START:

QUESTION:

Supposing you have a 1000watt load and want to install a solar power to generate a backup power for 5 hours to support you main power failure.

now this is what you should consider first before embarking on order and purchase of any product.

these are your requirements;
*Load = 1000 Watts
*what size of Inverters Rating =?
*My Required Backup time for batteries = 5 Hours
*The Required No of Solar Panel =?
*Required No of batteries =?

NOW THIS IS HOW YOU GET DONE

Solution:

→Remember inverter should be at least 25% greater than the total Load
*SO,
load x (25/100)
1000 x (25/100) = 250watts
1000+250 = 1250 Watts
You have now gotten the size of your inverter as = (1250watts)

*since the required Back up Time = 5 Hours,
Suppose you want to install 100Ah, 12 V batteries,
then, you do it this way,

Power (P) = Volt (V) x Current (I)
12V x 100Ah = 1200(watt hour)
Now for One Battery (ithe Backup time of one battery)
1200 Wh / 1000 W = 1.2 Hours

But but since your required Backup time is 5 Hours.
Then, divide the required time by the backup time of one battery

*NOTE: complete article comming soon on this topic
remeber to subscribe to my blog post by adding me to your circle and youl get the best from your experience

OUR WEBSITE PUBLICATION

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Fri, 14 Aug 2015 12:40:00 +0000

we wish to announce to the public our newly published website which is designed to educate and train individuals to effective and readiness to a fully electrical technique...and also an avenue were customers can consult, order or apply for any sort, type amd kind of electrical services in every kinds and brand, model and level, domestically and industrially.......we feel great to serving you better, pkease do well to like our page and get every update instantly on your wall..........best thanks

www.kullmoney.com

DAVKOZENG ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY:

davkozeng@gmail.com (DAVID JOSEPH) — Mon, 05 Nov 2012 16:16:00 +0000

DAVKOZENG ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY:

related links

WHY MOST PEOPLE BELIEF THEY CAN DO WITHOUT THEIR BOSS IN THE OFFICE

A CHARGE CONTROLLER?

Stand alone charge controllers

Integrated charge controller circuitry

HOW CATTLE RUSTLERS KILLMONARCH, POLICE INSPECTOR, 33 OTHERS

How to Wire a Simple 220v Electrical Circuit

19 KILLED, MORE THAN 150 HOUSES AFFECTED IN PLATEAU VILLAGE ATTACK

POLICE ARREST ILLEGAL ARMS FACTORY OWNERS

SIMPLE BUT INTERESTING WAYS TO APOLOGIZE

THE CHALLENGE

WHY IT HAPPENS

WHAT YOU CAN DO

THINGS YOU MAY KNOW AND LIKE

NIGERIAN REFINERIES CAN'T ACCOUNT FOR N2.44bn crude

HOW TO PROTECT YOUR INFORMATION ONLINE

NIGERIA, AND OTHERS LOSE N6.5tn IN MOBILE MONEY TRANSFER

ABOUT The Parrot Fish—A Sand-Making Machine

THE FACT ABOUT THE PARROT-FISH FACTS

How SOLAR POWER SYSTEM WORKS AND GUIDE TO PRACTICAL INSTALLATION

SOLAR PANEL

2. NVERTER

So, Where Can I Buy Solar Panels and Inverters in Nigeria?

ONGOING OIL PRICE FALL STALLS FUNDING OF SWF

NNPC OPENS NEW OIL SWAP CONTRACT

CBN URGES STATE GOVERNMENTS TO MAINTAIN SINGLE ACCOUNT

SCHOOL STUDENT STUDENT GOT ELECTRICUTED

FIVE WAYS YOU CAN IMPROVE YOUR HEALTH

THESE ARE SOME Ways to Improve Your Health

SAFEGUARD YOUR HEALTH!

THESE ARE SOME Ways to Improve Your Health

1 PRACTICE GOOD HYGIENE

2 USE A SAFE WATER SUPPLY

3 WATCH WHAT YOU EAT

4 STAY PHYSICALLY ACTIVE

5 GET ENOUGH SLEEP

ABOUT The Crocodile’s Jaw

The Crocodile’s Jaw

SIMPLE STEPS TO INSTALLING AN UN-INTERRUPTING SOLAR POWER IN HOMES, OFFICES and OFF GRID

AFTER READING THIS ARTICLE, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO;

QUESTION:

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