EASY HTML

EASY HTML: TUTORIALS

2011-11-10T05:38:00.000-08:00

HTML VIDEO TUTORIAL

HTML 4.1 click here

HTML 5 click here

TUTORIALS

2011-11-02T07:01:00.000-07:00

HTML VIDEO TUTORIAL

HTML 4.1 click here

HTML 5 click here

HTML5 Tutorial START

2011-11-02T06:31:00.001-07:00

HTML5 Tutorial

HTML5 is the next generation of HTML.
This tutorial teaches you about the new features in HTML5.

Examples in Each Chapter

With our HTML editor, you can edit the HTML, and click on a button to view the result.

Example

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<body>

<video width="320" height="240" controls="controls">
<source src="movie.mp4" type="video/mp4" />
<source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg" />
<source src="movie.webm" type="video/webm" />
Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>

</body>

HTML5 introduction

2011-11-02T06:30:00.000-07:00

HTML5 is the next generation of HTML.

What is HTML5?

HTML5 will be the new standard for HTML, XHTML, and the HTML DOM.
The previous version of HTML came in 1999. The web has changed a lot since then.
HTML5 is still a work in progress. However, most modern browsers have some HTML5 support.

How Did HTML5 Get Started?

HTML5 is a cooperation between the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG).
WHATWG was working with web forms and applications, and W3C was working with XHTML 2.0. In 2006, they decided to cooperate and create a new version of HTML.
Some rules for HTML5 were established:

New features should be based on HTML, CSS, DOM, and JavaScript
Reduce the need for external plugins (like Flash)
Better error handling
More markup to replace scripting
HTML5 should be device independent
The development process should be visible to the public

New Features

Some of the most interesting new features in HTML5:

The canvas element for drawing
The video and audio elements for media playback
Better support for local offline storage
New content specific elements, like article, footer, header, nav, section
New form controls, like calendar, date, time, email, url, search

Browser Support

HTML5 is not yet an official standard, and no browsers have full HTML5 support.
But all major browsers (Safari, Chrome, Firefox, Opera, Internet Explorer) continue to add new HTML5 features to their latest versions.

HTML5 New Elements

2011-11-02T06:28:00.001-07:00

HTML5 New Elements

New Elements in HTML5

The internet has changed a lot since HTML 4.01 became a standard in 1999.
Today, some elements in HTML 4.01 are obsolete, never used, or not used the way they were intended to. These elements are deleted or re-written in HTML5.
To better handle today's internet use, HTML5 also includes new elements for better structure, drawing, media content, and better form handling.

New Markup Elements

New elements for better structure:

Tag	Description
<article>	Specifies independent, self-contained content, could be a news-article, blog post, forum post, or other articles which can be distributed independently from the rest of the site.
<aside>	For content aside from the content it is placed in. The aside content should be related to the surrounding content
<bdi>	For text that should not be bound to the text-direction of its parent elements
<command>	A button, or a radiobutton, or a checkbox
<details>	For describing details about a document, or parts of a document
<summary>	A caption, or summary, inside the details element
<figure>	For grouping a section of stand-alone content, could be a video
<figcaption>	The caption of the figure section
<footer>	For a footer of a document or section, could include the name of the author, the date of the document, contact information, or copyright information
<header>	For an introduction of a document or section, could include navigation
<hgroup>	For a section of headings, using <h1> to <h6>, where the largest is the main heading of the section, and the others are sub-headings
<mark>	For text that should be highlighted
<meter>	For a measurement, used only if the maximum and minimum values are known
<nav>	For a section of navigation
<progress>	The state of a work in progress
<ruby>	For ruby annotation (Chinese notes or characters)
<rt>	For explanation of the ruby annotation
<rp>	What to show browsers that do not support the ruby element
<section>	For a section in a document. Such as chapters, headers, footers, or any other sections of the document
<time>	For defining a time or a date, or both
<wbr>	Word break. For defining a line-break opportunity.

New Media Elements

HTML5 provides a new standard for media content:

Tag	Description
<audio>	For multimedia content, sounds, music or other audio streams
<video>	For video content, such as a movie clip or other video streams
<source>	For media resources for media elements, defined inside video or audio elements
<embed>	For embedded content, such as a plug-in
<track>	For text tracks used in mediaplayers

The Canvas Element

The canvas element uses JavaScript to make drawings on a web page.

Tag	Description
<canvas>	For making graphics with a script

New Form Elements

HTML5 offers more form elements, with more functionality:

Tag	Description
<datalist>	A list of options for input values
<keygen>	Generate keys to authenticate users
<output>	For different types of output, such as output written by a script

New Input Type Attribute Values

Also, the input element's type attribute has many new values, for better input control before sending it to the server:

Type	Description
tel	The input value is of type telephone number
search	The input field is a search field
url	The input value is a URL
email	The input value is one or more email addresses
datetime	The input value is a date and/or time
date	The input value is a date
month	The input value is a month
week	The input value is a week
time	The input value is of type time
datetime-local	The input value is a local date/time
number	The input value is a number
range	The input value is a number in a given range
color	The input value is a hexadecimal color, like #FF8800
placeholder	Specifies a short hint that describes the expected value of an input field

HTML5 Video

2011-11-02T06:27:00.001-07:00

HTML5 Video

Many modern websites show videos. HTML5 provides a standard for showing them.

Check if your browser supports HTML5 video

Videos on the Web

Until now, there has never been a standard for showing a video or movie on a web page.
Today, most videos are shown through a plugin (like flash). However, different browsers may have different plugins.
HTML5 defines a new element which specifies a standard way to include video: the <video> element.

Video Formats

Currently, there are 3 supported video formats for the video element:

Format	IE	Firefox	Opera	Chrome	Safari
Ogg	No	3.5+	10.5+	5.0+	No
MPEG 4	9.0+	No	No	5.0+	3.0+
WebM	No	4.0+	10.6+	6.0+	No

Ogg = Ogg files with Theora video codec and Vorbis audio codec
MPEG4 = MPEG 4 files with H.264 video codec and AAC audio codec
WebM = WebM files with VP8 video codec and Vorbis audio codec

How It Works

To show a video in HTML5, this is all you need:

Example

<video width="320" height="240" controls="controls">
<source src="movie.mp4" type="video/mp4" />
<source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg" />
Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>

Try it yourself »

The control attribute adds video controls, like play, pause, and volume.
It is also a good idea to always include width and height attributes. If height and width are set, the space required for the video is reserved when the page is loaded. However, without these attributes, the browser does not know the size of the video, and cannot reserve the appropriate space to it. The effect will be that the page layout will change during loading (while the video load).
You should also insert text content between the <video> and </video> tags for browsers that do not support the <video> element.
The <video> element allows multiple <source> elements. <source> elements can link to different video files. The browser will use the first recognized format.
Today, Firefox, Opera, and Chrome support Ogg files. Internet Explorer, Chrome, and Safari support MPEG4 files.
To cover all the major browsers, use two <source> elements: One pointing to an MPEG4 file, and one pointing to an Ogg file.

HTML5 video Tags

Tag	Description
<video>	Defines a video or movie
<source>	Defines multiple media resources for media elements, such as <video> and <audio>
<track>	Defines text tracks in mediaplayers

HTML5 Audio

2011-11-02T06:25:00.000-07:00

HTML5 Audio

HTML5 provides a standard for playing audio.

Audio on the Web

Until now, there has never been a standard for playing audio on a web page.
Today, most audio are played through a plugin (like flash). However, not all browsers have the same plugins.
HTML5 specifies a standard way to include audio, with the audio element.
The audio element can play sound files, or an audio stream.

Audio Formats

Currently, there are 3 main formats for the audio element:

Format	IE 9	Firefox 3.5	Opera 10.5	Chrome 3.0	Safari 3.0
Ogg Vorbis	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
MP3	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes
Wav	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

How It Works

To play an audio file in HTML5, this is all you need:

The control attribute is for adding play, pause, and volume controls.
Insert content between the <audio> and </audio> tags for browsers that do not support the audio element:

Example

<audio src="song.ogg" controls="controls">
Your browser does not support the audio element.
</audio>

Try it yourself »

The example above uses an Ogg file, and will work in Firefox, Opera and Chrome.
To make the audio work in Internet Explorer and Safari, add an audio file of the type MP3.
The audio element allows multiple source elements. Source elements can link to different audio files. The browser will use the first recognized format:

Example

<audio controls="controls">
<source src="song.ogg" type="audio/ogg" />
<source src="song.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" />
Your browser does not support the audio element.
</audio>

Try it yourself »

HTML5 audio Tags

Tag	Description
<audio>	Defines sound content
<source>	Defines multiple media resources for media elements, such as <video> and <audio>

HTML5 Canvas

2011-11-02T06:24:00.000-07:00

HTML5 Canvas

The canvas element is used to draw graphics on a web page.

Your browser does not support the canvas element.

What is Canvas?

The HTML5 canvas element uses JavaScript to draw graphics on a web page.
A canvas is a rectangular area, and you control every pixel of it.
The canvas element has several methods for drawing paths, boxes, circles, characters, and adding images.

Create a Canvas Element

Add a canvas element to the HTML5 page.
Specify the id, width, and height of the element:

Draw With JavaScript

The canvas element has no drawing abilities of its own. All drawing must be done inside a JavaScript:

Try it yourself »

JavaScript uses the id to find the canvas element:

var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas");

Then, create a context object:

var cxt=c.getContext("2d");

The getContext("2d") object is a built-in HTML5 object, with many methods to draw paths, boxes, circles, characters, images and more.
The next two lines draws a red rectangle:

cxt.fillStyle="#FF0000";
cxt.fillRect(0,0,150,75);

The fillStyle method makes it red, and the fillRect method specifies the shape, position, and size.

Understanding Coordinates

The fillRect method above had the parameters (0,0,150,75).
This means: Draw a 150x75 rectangle on the canvas, starting at the top left corner (0,0).
The canvas' X and Y coordinates are used to position drawings on the canvas.
Mouse over the rectangle below to see the coordinates:

More Canvas Examples

Below are more examples of drawing on the canvas element:

Example - Line

Draw a line by specifying where to start, and where to stop:

Your browser does not support the canvas element.

Try it yourself »

Example - Circle

Draw a circle by specifying the size, color, and position:

Your browser does not support the canvas element.

Try it yourself »

Example - Gradient

Draw a gradient background with the colors you specify:

Your browser does not support the canvas element.

Try it yourself »

Example - Image

Put an image on the canvas:

Try it yourself »

HTML5 <canvas> Tag

Tag	Description
<canvas>	Defines graphics

HTML5 Web Storage

2011-11-02T06:22:00.000-07:00

Storing Data on the Client

HTML5 offers two new objects for storing data on the client:

localStorage - stores data with no time limit
sessionStorage - stores data for one session

Earlier, this was done with cookies. Cookies are not suitable for large amounts of data, because they are passed on by EVERY request to the server, making it very slow and in-effective.
In HTML5, the data is NOT passed on by every server request, but used ONLY when asked for. It is possible to store large amounts of data without affecting the website's performance.
The data is stored in different areas for different websites, and a website can only access data stored by itself.
HTML5 uses JavaScript to store and access the data.

The localStorage Object

The localStorage object stores the data with no time limit. The data will be available the next day, week, or year.
How to create and access a localStorage:

Example

Try it yourself »

The following example counts the number of times a user has visited a page:

Example

The sessionStorage Object

The sessionStorage object stores the data for one session. The data is deleted when the user closes the browser window.
How to create and access a sessionStorage:

Example

Example

HTML5 Input Types

2011-11-02T06:20:00.000-07:00

HTML5 New Input Types

HTML5 has several new input types for forms. These new features allow for better input control and validation.
This chapter covers the new input types:

email
url
number
range
Date pickers (date, month, week, time, datetime, datetime-local)
search
color

Browser Support

Input type	IE	Firefox	Opera	Chrome	Safari
email	No	4.0	9.0	10.0	No
url	No	4.0	9.0	10.0	No
number	No	No	9.0	7.0	5.1
range	No	No	9.0	4.0	4.0
Date pickers	No	No	9.0	10.0	5.1
search	No	4.0	11.0	10.0	No
color	No	No	11.0	12	No

Note: Opera has the best support for the new input types. However, you can already start using them in all major browsers. If they are not supported, they will behave as regular text fields.

Input Type - email

The email type is used for input fields that should contain an e-mail address.
The value of the email field is automatically validated when the form is submitted.

Example

E-mail: <input type="email" name="user_email" />

Try it yourself »

Tip: Safari on the iPhone recognizes the email input type, and changes the on-screen keyboard to match it (adds @ and .com options).

Input Type - url

The url type is used for input fields that should contain a URL address.
The value of the url field is automatically validated when the form is submitted.

Example

Homepage: <input type="url" name="user_url" />

Try it yourself »

Tip: Safari on the iPhone recognizes the url input type, and changes the on-screen keyboard to match it (adds .com option).

Input Type - number

The number type is used for input fields that should contain a numeric value.
You can also set restrictions on what numbers are accepted:

Example

Points: <input type="number" name="points" min="1" max="10" />

Try it yourself »

Use the following attributes to specify restrictions for the number type:

Attribute	Value	Description
max	number	Specifies the maximum value allowed
min	number	Specifies the minimum value allowed
step	number	Specifies legal number intervals (if step="3", legal numbers could be -3,0,3,6, etc)
value	number	Specifies the default value

Try an example with all the restriction attributes: Try it yourself

Input Type - range

The range type is used for input fields that should contain a value from a range of numbers.
The range type is displayed as a slider bar.
You can also set restrictions on what numbers are accepted:

Example

Try it yourself »

Use the following attributes to specify restrictions for the range type:

Attribute	Value	Description
max	number	Specifies the maximum value allowed
min	number	Specifies the minimum value allowed
step	number	Specifies legal number intervals (if step="3", legal numbers could be -3,0,3,6, etc)
value	number	Specifies the default value

Input Type - Date Pickers

HTML5 has several new input types for selecting date and time:

date - Selects date, month and year
month - Selects month and year
week - Selects week and year
time - Selects time (hour and minute)
datetime - Selects time, date, month and year (UTC time)
datetime-local - Selects time, date, month and year (local time)

The following example allows you to select a date from a calendar:

Example

Date: <input type="date" name="user_date" />

Try it yourself »

Input type "month": Try it yourself
Input type "week": Try it yourself
Input type "time": Try it yourself
Input type "datetime": Try it yourself
Input type "datetime-local": Try it yourself

Input Type - search

The search type is used for search fields, like a site search, or Google search.
The search field behaves like a regular text field.

Input Type - color

The color type is used for input fields that should contain a color.
The Opera browser will allow you to select a color from a color picker, Google's Chrome will only allow hexadecimal color values to be submitted:

Example

Color: <input type="color" name="user_color" />

Try it yourself »

HTML5 <input> Tag

Tag	Description
<input>	Defines an input field

HTML5 Form Elements

2011-11-02T06:18:00.000-07:00

HTML5 New Form Elements

HTML5 has several new elements and attributes for forms.
This chapter covers the new form elements:

<datalist>
<keygen>
<output>

Browser Support

Tag	IE	Firefox	Opera	Chrome	Safari
<datalist>	No	4.0	9.5	No	No
<keygen>	No	4.0	10.5	3.0	No
<output>	No	4.0	9.5	10.0	5.1

<datalist> Element

The <datalist> element specifies a list of options for an input field.
The list is created with <option> elements inside the <datalist>.
To bind a <datalist> to an input field, let the list attribute of the input field refer to the id of the datalist:

Example

Webpage: <input type="url" list="url_list" name="link" />
<datalist id="url_list">
<option label="W3Schools" value="http://www.w3schools.com" />
<option label="Google" value="http://www.google.com" />
<option label="Microsoft" value="http://www.microsoft.com" />
</datalist>

Try it yourself »

Tip: The <option> elements should always have a value attribute.

<keygen> Element

The purpose of the <keygen> element is to provide a secure way to authenticate users.
The <keygen> element is a key-pair generator. When a form is submitted, two keys are generated, one private and one public.
The private key is stored on the client, and the public key is sent to the server. The public key could be used to generate a client certificate to authenticate the user in the future.
Currently, the browser support for this element is not good enough to be a useful security standard.

Example

<form action="demo_form.asp" method="get">
Username: <input type="text" name="usr_name" />
Encryption: <keygen name="security" />
<input type="submit" />
</form>

Try it yourself »

<output> Element

The <output> element is used for different types of output, like calculations or script output:

Example

Try it yourself »

HTML5 New Form Elements

Tag	Description
<datalist>	Defines a list of options for an input field
<keygen>	Defines a key-pair generator field
<output>	Represents the result of a calculation

HTML5 Form Attributes

2011-11-02T05:52:00.000-07:00

HTML5 New Form Attributes

This chapter covers some of the new attributes for <form> and <input>.
New form attributes:

autocomplete
novalidate

New input attributes:

autocomplete
autofocus
form
form overrides (formaction, formenctype, formmethod, formnovalidate, formtarget)
height and width
list
min, max and step
multiple
pattern (regexp)
placeholder
required

Browser Support

Attribute	IE	Firefox	Opera	Chrome	Safari
autocomplete	8.0	3.5	9.5	3.0	4.0
autofocus	No	4.0	10.0	3.0	4.0
form	No	4.0	9.5	10.0	No
form overrides	No	4.0	10.5	10.0	No
height and width	8.0	3.5	9.5	3.0	4.0
list	No	4.0	9.5	No	No
min, max and step	No	No	9.5	3.0	No
multiple	No	3.5	11.0	3.0	4.0
novalidate	No	4.0	11.0	10.0	No
pattern	No	4.0	9.5	3.0	No
placeholder	No	4.0	11.0	3.0	3.0
required	No	4.0	9.5	3.0	No

autocomplete Attribute

The autocomplete attribute specifies that the form or input field should have an autocomplete function.
Note: The autocomplete attribute works with <form>, and the following <input> types: text, search, url, telephone, email, password, datepickers, range, and color.
When the user starts to type in an autocomplete field, the browser should display options to fill in the field:

Example

<form action="demo_form.asp" method="get" autocomplete="on">
First name: <input type="text" name="fname" /><br />
Last name: <input type="text" name="lname" /><br />
E-mail: <input type="email" name="email" autocomplete="off" /><br />
<input type="submit" />
</form>

Try it yourself »

Note: In some browsers you may need to activate the autocomplete function for this to work.

autofocus Attribute

The autofocus attribute specifies that a field should automatically get focus when a page is loaded.
Note: The autofocus attribute works with all <input> types.

Example

User name: <input type="text" name="user_name" autofocus="autofocus" />

Try it yourself »

form Attribute

The form attribute specifies one or more forms the input field belongs to.
Note: The form attribute works with all <input> types.
The form attribute must refer to the id of the form it belongs to:

Example

<form action="demo_form.asp" method="get" id="user_form">
First name:<input type="text" name="fname" />
<input type="submit" />
</form>
Last name: <input type="text" name="lname" form="user_form" />

Try it yourself »

Note: To refer to more than one form, use a space-separated list.

Form Override Attributes

The form override attributes allow you to override some of the attributes set for the form element.
The form override attributes are:

formaction - Overrides the form action attribute
formenctype - Overrides the form enctype attribute
formmethod - Overrides the form method attribute
formnovalidate - Overrides the form novalidate attribute
formtarget - Overrides the form target attribute

Note: The form override attributes works with the following <input> types: submit and image.

Example

Try it yourself »

Note: These attributes are helpful for creating different submit buttons.

height and width Attributes

The height and width attributes specifies the height and width of the image used for the input type image.
Note: The height and width attributes only works with <input> type: image.

Example

Try it yourself »

list Attribute

The list attribute specifies a datalist for an input field. A datalist is a list of options for an input field.
Note: The list attribute works with the following <input> types: text, search, url, telephone, email, date pickers, number, range, and color.

Example

Try it yourself »

min, max and step Attributes

The min, max and step attributes are used to specify restrictions for input types containing numbers or dates.
The max attribute specifies the maximum value allowed for the input field.
The min attribute specifies the minimum value allowed for the input field.
The step attribute specifies the legal number intervals for the input field (if step="3", legal numbers could be -3,0,3,6, etc).
Note: The min, max, and step attributes works with the following <input> types: date pickers, number, and range.
The example below shows a numeric field that accepts values between 0 and 10, with a step of 3 (legal numbers are 0, 3, 6 and 9):

Example

Points: <input type="number" name="points" min="0" max="10" step="3" />

Try it yourself »

multiple Attribute

The multiple attribute specifies that multiple values can be selected for an input field.
Note: The multiple attribute works with the following <input> types: email, and file.

Example

Select images: <input type="file" name="img" multiple="multiple" />

Try it yourself »

novalidate Attribute

The novalidate attribute specifies that the form or input field should not be validated when submitted.
If this attribute is present the form will not validate form input.
Note: The novalidate attribute works with: <form> and the following <input> types: text, search, url, telephone, email, password, date pickers, range, and color.

Example

pattern Attribute

The pattern attribute specifies a pattern used to validate an input field.
The pattern is a regular expression.
Note: The pattern attribute works with the following <input> types: text, search, url, telephone, email, and password
The example below shows a text field that can only contain three letters (no numbers or special characters):

Example

Country code: <input type="text" name="country_code"
pattern="[A-z]{3}" title="Three letter country code" />

placeholder Attribute

The placeholder attribute provides a hint that describes the expected value of an input field.
Note: The placeholder attribute works with the following <input> types: text, search, url, telephone, email, and password
The hint is displayed in the input field when it is empty, and disappears when the field gets focus:

Example

Try it yourself »

required Attribute

The required attribute specifies that an input field must be filled out before submitting.
Note: The required attribute works with the following <input> types: text, search, url, telephone, email, password, date pickers, number, checkbox, radio, and file.

Example

Name: <input type="text" name="usr_name" required="required" />

HTML5 Tag Reference

2011-11-02T05:43:00.000-07:00

HTML5 Tag Reference

HTML5

HTML5 improves interoperability and reduces development costs by making precise rules on how to handle all HTML elements, and how to recover from errors.

Some of the ((new)) features in HTML5 are functions for embedding audio, video, graphics, client-side data storage, and interactive documents. HTML5 also contains ((new)) elements like <nav>, <header>, <footer>, and <figure>.

The HTML5 working group includes AOL, Apple, Google, IBM, Microsoft, Mozilla, Nokia, Opera, and many hundreds of other vendors.

Ordered Alphabetically

((new)) : ((new)) tags in HTML5.

Tag	Description
<!--...-->	Defines a comment
<!DOCTYPE>	Defines the document type
<a>	Defines a hyperlink
<abbr>	Defines an abbreviation
<acronym>	Not supported in HTML5
<address>	Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document/article
<applet>	Not supported in HTML5
<area>	Defines an area inside an image-map
<article>((new))	Defines an article
<aside>((new))	Defines content aside from the page content
<audio>((new))	Defines sound content
<b>	Defines bold text
<base>	Specifies the base URL/target for all relative URLs in a document
<basefont>	Not supported in HTML5
<bdi>((new))	Isolates a part of text that might be formatted in a different direction from other text outside it
<bdo>	Overrides the current text direction
<big>	Not supported in HTML5
<blockquote>	Defines a section that is quoted from another source
<body>	Defines the document's body
<br>	Defines a single line break
<button>	Defines a clickable button
<canvas>((new))	Used to draw graphics, on the fly, via scripting (usually JavaScript)
<caption>	Defines a table caption
<center>	Not supported in HTML5
<cite>	Defines the title of a work
<code>	Defines a piece of computer code
<col>	Specifies column properties for each column within a <colgroup> element
<colgroup>	Specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting
<command>((new))	Defines a command button that a user can invoke
<datalist>((new))	Defines a list of options for an input field
<dd>	Defines a description of a term in a definition list
<del>	Defines deleted text
<details>((new))	Defines details of an element
<dfn>	Defines a definition term
<dir>	Not supported in HTML5
<div>	Defines a section in a document
<dl>	Defines a definition list
<dt>	Defines a term (an item) in a definition list
<em>	Defines emphasized text
<embed>((new))	Defines external interactive content or plugin
<fieldset>	Defines a border around elements in a form
<figcaption>((new))	Defines the caption of a figure element
<figure>((new))	Defines a group of media content, and their caption
<font>	Not supported in HTML5
<footer>((new))	Defines a footer for a section or page
<form>	Defines an HTML form for user input
<frame>	Not supported in HTML5
<frameset>	Not supported in HTML5
<h1> to <h6>	Defines HTML headings
<head>	Defines information about the document
<header>((new))	Defines a header for a section or page
<hgroup>((new))	Defines information about a section in a document
<hr>	Defines a horizontal line
<html>	Defines an HTML document
<i>	Defines italic text
<iframe>	Defines an inline frame
<img>	Defines an image
<input>	Defines an input control
<ins>	Defines inserted text
<keygen>((new))	Defines a key-pair generator field (for forms)
<kbd>	Defines keyboard input
<label>	Defines a label for an input element
<legend>	Defines a caption for a <fieldset>, <figure>, or <details> element
<li>	Defines a list item
<link>	Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource (most used to link to style sheets)
<map>	Defines a client-side image-map
<mark>((new))	Defines marked text
<menu>	Defines a list/menu of commands
<meta>	Defines metadata about an HTML document
<meter>((new))	Defines a scalar measurement within a known range (a gauge)
<nav>((new))	Defines navigation links
<noframes>	Not supported in HTML5
<noscript>	Defines an alternate content for users that do not support client-side scripts
<object>	Defines an embedded object
<ol>	Defines an ordered list
<optgroup>	Defines a group of related options in a drop-down list
<option>	Defines an option in a drop-down list
<output>((new))	Defines the result of a calculation
<p>	Defines a paragraph
<param>	Defines a parameter for an object
<pre>	Defines preformatted text
<progress>((new))	Represents the progress of a task
<q>	Defines a short quotation
<rp>((new))	Defines what to show in browsers that not support ruby annotations
<rt>((new))	Defines an explanation/pronunciation of characters (for East Asian typography)
<ruby>((new))	Defines a ruby annotation (for East Asian typography)
<s>	Defines text that is no longer correct
<samp>	Defines sample output from a computer program
<script>	Defines a client-side script
<section>((new))	Defines a section in a document
<select>	Defines a drop-down list
<small>	Defines smaller text
<source>((new))	Defines multiple media resources for media elements (<video> and <audio>)
<span>	Defines a section in a document
<strike>	Not supported in HTML5
<strong>	Defines important text
<style>	Defines style information for a document
<sub>	Defines subscripted text
<summary>((new))	Defines the header of a <detail> element
<sup>	Defines superscripted text
<table>	Defines a table
<tbody>	Groups the body content in a table
<td>	Defines a cell in a table
<textarea>	Defines a multiline input control (text area)
<tfoot>	Groups the footer content in a table
<th>	Defines a header cell in a table
<thead>	Groups the header content in a table
<time>((new))	Defines a date/time
<title>	Defines a title for the document
<tr>	Defines a row in a table
<track>((new))	Defines text tracks for media elements (<video> and <audio>)
<tt>	Not supported in HTML5
<u>	Not supported in HTML5
<ul>	Defines an unordered list
<var>	Defines a variable
<video>((new))	Defines a video or movie
<wbr>((new))	Defines a possible line-break
<xmp>	Not supported in HTML5

HTML5 Event Attributes

2011-11-02T05:28:00.000-07:00

Global Event Attributes

HTML 4 added the ability to let events trigger actions in a browser, like starting a JavaScript when a user clicks on an element.

((new)) : ((new)) event attributes in HTML5.

Window Event Attributes

Events triggered for the window object (applies to the <body> tag):

Attribute	Value	Description
onafterprint(new)	script	Script to be run after the document is printed
onbeforeprint(new)	script	Script to be run before the document is printed
onbeforeonload(new)	script	Script to be run before the document loads
onblur	script	Script to be run when the window loses focus
onerror(new)	script	Script to be run when an error occur
onfocus	script	Script to be run when the window gets focus
onhaschange(new)	script	Script to be run when the document has changed
onload	script	Script to be run when the document loads
onmessage(new)	script	Script to be run when the message is triggered
onoffline(new)	script	Script to be run when the document goes offline
ononline(new)	script	Script to be run when the document comes online
onpagehide(new)	script	Script to be run when the window is hidden
onpageshow(new)	script	Script to be run when the window becomes visible
onpopstate(new)	script	Script to be run when the window's history changes
onredo(new)	script	Script to be run when the document performs a redo
onresize(new)	script	Script to be run when the window is resized
onstorage(new)	script	Script to be run when the document loads
onundo(new)	script	Script to be run when the document performs an undo
onunload(new)	script	Script to be run when the user leaves the document

Form Events

Events triggered by actions inside a HTML form (applies to all HTML5 elements, but is most common in form elements):

Attribute	Value	Description
onblur	script	Script to be run when an element loses focus
onchange	script	Script to be run when an element changes
oncontextmenu(new)	script	Script to be run when a context menu is triggered
onfocus	script	Script to be run when an element gets focus
onformchange(new)	script	Script to be run when a form changes
onforminput(new)	script	Script to be run when a form gets user input
oninput(new)	script	Script to be run when an element gets user input
oninvalid(new)	script	Script to be run when an element is invalid
onreset	script	Script to be run when a form is reset Not supported in HTML5
onselect	script	Script to be run when an element is selected
onsubmit	script	Script to be run when a form is submitted

Keyboard Events

Events triggered by a keyboard (applies to all HTML5 elements):

Attribute	Value	Description
onkeydown	script	Script to be run when a key is pressed down
onkeypress	script	Script to be run when a key is pressed and released
onkeyup	script	Script to be run when a key is released

Mouse Events

Events triggered by a mouse, or similar user actions (applies to all HTML5 elements):

Attribute	Value	Description
onclick	script	Script to be run on a mouse click
ondblclick	script	Script to be run on a mouse double-click
ondrag(new)	script	Script to be run when an element is dragged
ondragend(new)	script	Script to be run at the end of a drag operation
ondragenter(new)	script	Script to be run when an element has been dragged to a valid drop target
ondragleave(new)	script	Script to be run when an element leaves a valid drop target
ondragover(new)	script	Script to be run when an element is being dragged over a valid drop target
ondragstart(new)	script	Script to be run at the start of a drag operation
ondrop(new)	script	Script to be run when dragged element is being dropped
onmousedown	script	Script to be run when a mouse button is pressed
onmousemove	script	Script to be run when the mouse pointer moves
onmouseout	script	Script to be run when the mouse pointer moves out of an element
onmouseover	script	Script to be run when the mouse pointer moves over an element
onmouseup	script	Script to be run when a mouse button is released
onmousewheel(new)	script	Script to be run when the mouse wheel is being rotated
onscroll(new)	script	Script to be run when an element's scrollbar is being scrolled

Media Events

Events triggered by medias like videos, images and audio (applies to all HTML5 elements, but is most common in media elements, like audio, embed, img, object, and video):

Attribute	Value	Description
onabort	script	Script to be run on abort
oncanplay(new)	script	Script to be run when a file is ready to start playing (when it has buffered enough to begin)
oncanplaythrough(new)	script	Script to be run when a file can be played all the way to the end without pausing for buffering
ondurationchange(new)	script	Script to be run when the length of the media changes
onemptied(new)	script	Script to be run when something bad happens and the file is suddenly unavailable (like unexpectedly disconnects)
onended(new)	script	Script to be run when the media has reach the end (a useful event for messages like "thanks for listening")
onerror(new)	script	Script to be run when an error occurs when the file is being loaded
onloadeddata(new)	script	Script to be run when media data is loaded
onloadedmetadata(new)	script	Script to be run when meta data (like dimensions and duration) are loaded
onloadstart(new)	script	Script to be run just as the file begins to load before anything is actually loaded
onpause(new)	script	Script to be run when the media is paused either by the user or programmatically
onplay(new)	script	Script to be run when the media is ready to start playing
onplaying(new)	script	Script to be run when the media actually has started playing
onprogress(new)	script	Script to be run when the browser is in the process of getting the media data
onratechange(new)	script	Script to be run each time the playback rate changes (like when a user switches to a slow motion or fast forward mode)
onreadystatechange(new)	script	Script to be run each time the ready state changes (the ready state tracks the state of the media data)
onseeked(new)	script	Script to be run when the seeking attribute is set to false indicating that seeking has ended
onseeking(new)	script	Script to be run when the seeking attribute is set to true indicating that seeking is active
onstalled(new)	script	Script to be run when the browser is unable to fetch the media data for whatever reason
onsuspend(new)	script	Script to be run when fetching the media data is stopped before it is completely loaded for whatever reason
ontimeupdate(new)	script	Script to be run when the playing position has changed (like when the user fast forwards to a different point in the media)
onvolumechange(new)	script	Script to be run each time the volume is changed which (includes setting the volume to "mute")
onwaiting(new)	script	Script to be run when the media has paused but is expected to resume (like when the media pauses to buffer more data)

y_key_d7f5e1b6fa5a9afe.html

2011-11-02T04:52:00.001-07:00

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2011-11-02T00:25:00.000-07:00

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TABLE OF CONTENT

2011-10-31T12:34:00.000-07:00

HTML Advanced

HTML MEDIA

HTML Tutorial

2011-10-31T11:44:00.001-07:00

HTML Tutorial

Examples in Each Chapter

This HTML tutorial contains hundreds of HTML examples.
With our online HTML editor, you can edit the HTML, and click on a button to view the result.

Example

<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

HTML Introduction

2011-10-31T11:43:00.000-07:00

HTML Introduction

Example

<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

What is HTML?

HTML is a language for describing web pages.

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language
A markup language is a set of markup tags
HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages

HTML Tags

HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags

HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags

HTML Documents = Web Pages

HTML documents describe web pages
HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
HTML documents are also called web pages

The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or Firefox) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page:

<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Example Explained

The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page
The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content
The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading
The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph

HTML - Getting Started

2011-10-31T11:40:00.000-07:00

HTML - Getting Started

What You Need

You don't need any tools to learn HTML at W3Schools.

You don't need an HTML editor
You don't need a web server
You don't need a web site

Editing HTML

HTML can be written and edited using many different editors like Dreamweaver and Visual Studio.
However, in this tutorial we use a plain text editor (like Notepad) to edit HTML. We believe using a plain text editor is the best way to learn HTML.

Create Your Own Test Web

If you just want to learn HTML, skip the rest of this chapter.
If you want to create a test page on your own computer, just copy the 3 files below to your desktop.
(Right click on each link, and select "save target as" or "save link as")
mainpage.htm
page1.htm
page2.htm
After you have copied the files, you can double-click on the file called "mainpage.htm" and see your first web site in action.

Use Your Test Web For Learning

We suggest you experiment with everything you learn at W3Schools by editing your web files with a text editor (like Notepad).
Note: If your test web contains HTML markup tags you have not learned, don't panic. You will learn all about it in the next chapters.

.HTM or .HTML File Extension?

When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension. There is no difference, it is entirely up to you.

HTML Basic - 4 Examples

2011-10-31T11:39:00.000-07:00

HTML Basic - 4 Examples

Don't worry if the examples use tags you have not learned.

You will learn about them in the next chapters.

HTML Headings

HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

Example

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>

HTML Paragraphs

HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

Example

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

HTML Links

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.

Example

Note: The link address is specified in the href attribute.
(You will learn about attributes in a later chapter of this tutorial).

HTML Images

HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

Example

Note: The name and the size of the image are provided as attributes.

HTML Elements

2011-10-31T11:37:00.001-07:00

HTML Elements

HTML documents are defined by HTML elements.

HTML Elements

An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

Start tag *	Element content	End tag *
<p>	This is a paragraph	</p>
<a href="default.htm" >	This is a link	</a>
<br />

* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.

HTML Element Syntax

An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag
An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag
The element content is everything between the start and the end tag
Some HTML elements have empty content
Empty elements are closed in the start tag
Most HTML elements can have attributes

Tip: You will learn about attributes in the next chapter of this tutorial.

Nested HTML Elements

Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements).
HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

HTML Document Example

<html>

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

The example above contains 3 HTML elements.

HTML Example Explained

The <p> element:

<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>

The <p> element defines a paragraph in the HTML document.
The element has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>.
The element content is: This is my first paragraph.
The <body> element:

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>

The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document.
The element has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.
The element content is another HTML element (a p element).
The <html> element:

<html>

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

The <html> element defines the whole HTML document.
The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.
The element content is another HTML element (the body element).

Don't Forget the End Tag

Some HTML elements might display correctly even if you forget the end tag:

<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is a paragraph

The example above works in most browsers, because the closing tag is considered optional.
Never rely on this. Many HTML elements will produce unexpected results and/or errors if you forget the end tag .

Empty HTML Elements

HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.
<br> is an empty element without a closing tag (the <br> tag defines a line break).
Tip: In XHTML, all elements must be closed. Adding a slash inside the start tag, like <br />, is the proper way of closing empty elements in XHTML (and XML).

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags

HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>. Many web sites use uppercase HTML tags.
W3Schools use lowercase tags because the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase in HTML 4, and demands lowercase tags in XHTML.

HTML Attributes

2011-10-31T11:36:00.000-07:00

HTML Attributes

Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Attributes

HTML elements can have attributes
Attributes provide additional information about an element
Attributes are always specified in the start tag
Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value"

Attribute Example

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in the href attribute:

Example

Always Quote Attribute Values

Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes.
Double style quotes are the most common, but single style quotes are also allowed.
Tip: In some rare situations, when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary to use single quotes: name='John "ShotGun" Nelson'

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Attributes

Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive.
However, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase attributes/attribute values in their HTML 4 recommendation.
Newer versions of (X)HTML will demand lowercase attributes.

HTML Attributes Reference

A complete list of legal attributes for each HTML element is listed in our:
Complete HTML Reference
Below is a list of some attributes that are standard for most HTML elements:

Attribute	Value	Description
class	classname	Specifies a classname for an element
id	id	Specifies a unique id for an element
style	style_definition	Specifies an inline style for an element
title	tooltip_text	Specifies extra information about an element (displayed as a tool tip)

For more information about standard attributes:

HTML Headings

2011-10-31T11:34:00.000-07:00

Headings are important in HTML documents.

HTML Headings

Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading.

Example

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>

Note: Browsers automatically add some empty space (a margin) before and after each heading.

Headings Are Important

Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to make text BIG or bold.
Search engines use your headings to index the structure and content of your web pages.
Since users may skim your pages by its headings, it is important to use headings to show the document structure.
H1 headings should be used as main headings, followed by H2 headings, then the less important H3 headings, and so on.

HTML Lines

The <hr /> tag creates a horizontal line in an HTML page.

The hr element can be used to separate content:

Example

<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr />
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr />
<p>This is a paragraph</p>

HTML Comments

Comments can be inserted into the HTML code to make it more readable and understandable. Comments are ignored by the browser and are not displayed.
Comments are written like this:

Example

Note: There is an exclamation point after the opening bracket, but not before the closing bracket.

HTML Tip - How to View HTML Source

Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"
To find out, right-click in the page and select "View Source" (IE) or "View Page Source" (Firefox), or similar for other browsers. This will open a window containing the HTML code of the page.

HTML Tag Reference

W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about these tags and their attributes.
You will learn more about HTML tags and attributes in the next chapters of this tutorial.

Tag	Description
<html>	Defines an HTML document
<body>	Defines the document's body
<h1> to <h6>	Defines HTML headings
<hr />	Defines a horizontal line
<!-->	Defines a comment

HTML Paragraphs

2011-10-31T11:27:00.000-07:00

HTML documents are divided into paragraphs.

HTML Paragraphs

Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

Example

<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p>

Don't Forget the End Tag

Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag:

Example

<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is another paragraph

The example above will work in most browsers, but don't rely on it. Forgetting the end tag can produce unexpected results or errors.
Note: Future version of HTML will not allow you to skip end tags.

HTML Line Breaks

Use the <br /> tag if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:

Example

<p>This is<br />a para<br />graph with line breaks</p>

The <br /> element is an empty HTML element. It has no end tag.

<br> or <br />

In XHTML, XML, elements with no end tag (closing tag) are not allowed.
Even if <br> works in all browsers, writing <br /> instead works better in XHTML and XML applications.

HTML Output - Useful Tips

You cannot be sure how HTML will be displayed. Large or small screens, and resized windows will create different results.
With HTML, you cannot change the output by adding extra spaces or extra lines in your HTML code.
The browser will remove extra spaces and extra lines when the page is displayed. Any number of lines count as one line, and any number of spaces count as one space.

HTML Tag Reference

t HTML elements and their attributes.

Tag	Description
<p>	Defines a paragraph
<br />	Inserts a single line break