Educational Peeth

Electrostatics JEE Shot notes

2023-11-05T18:27:00.004+05:30

Electrostatics JEE short notes:

1. **Coulomb's Law:** Force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of their magnitudes and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

- F = k * (|q1 * q2|) / r^2

- F - Force between charges

- q1, q2 - Charges

- r - Distance between charges

- k - Coulomb's constant

2. **Electric Field (E):** Electric field at a point due to a charge is the force experienced by a unit positive test charge placed at that point.

- E = F / q0

- E - Electric field

- F - Force

- q0 - Test charge

3. **Electric Potential (V):** Electric potential at a point is the work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to that point.

- V = k * (q / r)

- V - Electric potential

- q - Charge

- r - Distance from the charge

4. **Gauss's Law:** The electric flux through a closed surface is equal to the total charge enclosed by the surface divided by the permittivity of free space (ε0).

- Φ = Q / ε0

- Φ - Electric flux

- Q - Total charge enclosed

- ε0 - Permittivity of free space

5. **Electric Field Due to Continuous Charge Distributions:**

- For a line charge: E = (k * λ) / r

- For a surface charge: E = (σ / 2ε0)

- For a volume charge: E = (ρ / 3ε0)

6. **Superposition Principle:** The net electric field at a point due to multiple charges is the vector sum of the electric fields produced by individual charges.

7. **Equipotential Surfaces:** Surfaces where the electric potential is the same at all points. Electric field lines are perpendicular to equipotential surfaces.

8. **Capacitors:** Devices used to store electric charge. Capacitance (C) is the ability of a capacitor to store charge and is given by C = Q/V.

These are some key points in electrostatics for JEE. You can expand on these concepts as needed.

Indian Constitution Part -1 (Article 1 & 2)

2021-01-16T22:19:00.005+05:30

Part 1 - The Union and its Territories: (Article 1 to 4)

Article - 1

1. India i.e. Bharat, shall be the union of India.

2. The States and the territories thereof shall be as specified in the First Schedule.

3. The Territory of India Shall Comprise-

(a) The territories of the states,

(b) The union territories, and

Question: How is the Territory Acquired?

- Directly Amend. according to Article 1, and then merge as Indian Territory.

- De Jure (according to rightfully claim) transfer in accordance with International Law.

- Official Notification by Government and no power to Indian courts.

- Goa, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Puducherry, Kerikal, Mahe, Yaman, etc.

Article - 2

1. Admission and establishment of new states in the Indian union.

- by War, Acquired, Police Action.

2. Parliament may by law admit into the union, or established, new states on such terms and conditions as thinks fit.

-The merge of Sikkim by the 36th constitutional amendment act 1975 (article 371F) and established a separate state.

Question: Is this T & C (according to article 2) give absolute power to Parliament?

- As such T & C doesn't give unfettered power to parliament. It has to be according to Law.

Blog written by Tushar

Some Important Sanskrit Mottos

2021-01-16T21:40:00.006+05:30

- In India mostly, the motto is taken from Sanskrit, as it is the repository of ancient wisdom and knowledge.

1. All India Radio बहुजनहिताय बहुजन‍सुखाय‌ For the benefit of all, for the comfort of all

2. Archaeological Survey of India प्रत्नकीर्तिमपावृणु Let us uncover the glory of the past

3.Indian Administrative Service (IAS) योगः कर्मसु कौशलम् "Yoga implies

Excellence at Work"

4. Banaras Hindu University विद्यया अमृतमश्नुते Knowledge imparts immortality

5. Indian Army सेवा परमो धर्म Service Before self

6. Army Medical Cops सर्वे सन्तु निरामया' Get rid of all diseases

7. Indian Air Force नभः स्पृशं दीप्तम् The glory that touches the sky

8. Indian Navy शं नो वरुणः “May the Lord Varuna (lord of water in Hinduism) be auspicious onto us”.

9. Indian Coast Guard वयं रक्षामः We protect.

10. Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation यतो धर्मस्ततो जयः Whence dharma (Righteousness), thence victory

11. Defense Research and Development Organisation बलस्य मूलं विज्ञानम्

Knowledge is power

12. All India Radio बहुजनहिताय बहुजन‍सुखाय‌ For the benefit of all, for the comfort of all

13. Doordarshan सत्‍यं शिवम सुंदरम् Truth is God, God Is Shiva (The Auspicious One) and Auspiciousness is beautiful

14. Goa सर्वे भद्राणि पश्यन्तु मा कश्चिद्दुःखभाग्‌भवेत् May all perceive good, may not anyone attain unhappiness

15. India Meteorological Department आदित्यात् जायते वृष्टिः

The Sun Gives Rainfall

16. Indian Police Service सत्यमेव जयते "Truth Alone Triumphs"

17. Supreme court of India यतो धर्मस्ततो जयः Whence dharma, thence victory

18. Republic of India सत्यमेव जयते "Truth Alone Triumphs"

19. Archaeological Survey of India प्रत्नकीर्तिमपावृणु Let us uncover the glory of the past

20. Tourism Development corporation of India अतिथि देवो भव: "Treat Guest as God"

21. CBSC Board असतो मा सद्गमय "Lead us from Untruth to Truth"

22. Income Tax Department कोश मूलो दण्ड: "Revenue is the backbone of Governance"

23. Intelligence Bureau जागृतं अहर्निशम् "Wide awake day and night"

24. ICAI या एष सुप्तेषु जागति "A person who is awake in those"

वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम् The world is one family

Blog written by Tushar

The Preamble of Indian Constitution

2021-01-11T21:21:00.046+05:30

What is the Constitution?

- It is the fundamental law of the state. (Foundation of State).

- It sets out the framework and principle function of government.

Feature of Indian Constitution.

⬥The Bulkiest Constitution of the World. (395 articles, 22 parts, and 12 schedules)

⬥Independent Judiciary.

⬥ A written Constitution. (Unwritten Constitution like the U.K. constitution. It means Constitution didn't compile at one place)

⬥ Longest in the world.

⬥ Took 2 years 11 month and 18 days to complete.

⬥ Derived from various sources.

⬥ Provided for a universal adult franchise. (Give the right to vote to all adult citizens, regardless of wealth, income, gender, social status, race, ethnicity, or any other restriction.)

⬥ Single citizenship.

⬥ Came into force on 26 January 1950.

This is a category of the Indian Constitution.

The first thing you notice in the Indian constitution is "Preamble"

What is the Preamble?

It is-

⬥ Philosophy of the Constitution.

⬥ Summary of the Constitution.

⬥ Horoscope of the Constitution

⬥ Heart and Soul of Constitution

⬥ Key of Constitution.

----------------------------------------------------

The Preamble

We the people of India having Satemnly resolved to Constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens.

JUSTICE, social, economic, and political;

LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship;

EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;

and to promote among them all

FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation;

In our constituent assembly, this twenty-sixth day of Nov 1949 do Hereby Adopt, Enact and give to ourselves this Constitution.

(The word Socialist, Secular, Fraternity were added in the 42nd constitutional Amendment 1976.)

----------------------------------------------------

Source of Constitution - Constitution of India.

Nature of the Constitution

Sovereign- Its means Supremacy. The government takes Independence decision on its Internal and External decision.

Socialist- It Implies Social and Economical equality. All economic activities control by the Government for well fare of people.

Secular- State has no religion. All religion is equally treated by the state.

Democratic- It means a rule of people. Indirect democracy Adopt by India.

Republic- Head of a country Directly or Indirectly elected by people.

The objective of the Constitution

JUSTICE social, economic, and political;

LIBERTY thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship;

EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;

FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual

Unity of INTEGRITY

Date of Adopt- 26 Nov 1949

Officially accepted- 26 Jan 1950

Why Preamble?

It tells us

The state's source of Power i.e. People of India.

Nature of state- sovereign, socialist secular, and democratic

Objective- justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.

Date of adoption- 26 Nov 1949.

For more information PLEASE visit my Blog

Blog written by Tushar Pandey.

What is Hindutva or Hinduness?

2021-01-09T00:37:00.009+05:30

Hindutva or Hinduness is a prominent form of Hindu nationalism in India.

Hindutva is a concept of "Indian cultural, national, and religious identity". The term "conflates a geographically based religious, cultural, and national identity: a true 'Indian' is one who partakes of this 'Hindu-ness'.

⬦ The term Hindutva was first used by Chandranath Basu in 1892. He is the founder of the Hindutva Principle and has been regarded as the doyen of economic nationalists in Bengal.

In fact, the trace of Hindutva found in Bankim Chandra Chatterjee book Anand Math.

⬦ Later the term Hindutva was popularised by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 1923.

⬦According to Savarkar Hindus are those who consider India to be the Land in which their ancestors lived, as well as the land in which their religions originated. He advocates the creation of a Hindu state in that sense.

The geographical concept of Hindutva is :

⬦Sarvakar includes all Indian religions in the term "Hinduism" and outlines his vision of a "Hindu Rashtra" as "Akhand Bharat" stretching across the entire Indian subcontinent.

⬦After that KB Hedgewar is totally inspired by VD Savarkar and He is the Founder of RRS ( Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh).

Period of time Hindutva ideology promoted by some Ideal that is:

◪ Chandranathnath Basu

◪ VD Savarkar

◪ KB Hedgewar

◪ Shyama Prasad Mookerjee

◪ LK Advani

◪ Narendra Modi

Hindutva and Hinduism

Hinduism

Hinduism is an Indian religion. It is the world's third-largest religion

Hindutva

Hindutva is a concept of "Indian culture identity". It basically combines cultural, and national identity into one form. It has been described as "A WAY OF LIFE"

Interesting Fact

Ramesh Praboo v. Prabhakar Kunte case 1996

-SC held that pleas made by appealing to the terms "Hindutva" or "Hinduism" during an election campaign did not necessarily constitute a corrupt practice in violation of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 (RPA) since the terms ordinarily refer not to religion but only to "a way of life".

Hindutva Organisation:

Hindutva ideology is spread through Hindu organizations like Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP), the Bharatiya Janta Party, Arya Samaj, Bajrang Dal, Akhil Bhartiya Vidyarthi Parishad Durga Vahini, Isha Foundation, Shiv Sena, much more organization in world wide.

Actually, the Term Hindutva is a very deep and vast concept that is not possible to share in a single blog.

So here are some topics about Hindutva that I'll share with you in my next Blog.

⬦The religious concept of Hindutva. (samskara, Faith or believe)

⬦ Idea of Hindutva

⬦ Education of Hindutva

⬦The cultural concept of Hindutva / Cultural Nationalism

⬦International Relation and Hindutva.

⬦Supreme court of India on Hindutva.

⬦Protection of Hindu Intrest.

⬦Uniform civil code. and many more.

If you interested to know more about Hindutva please follow my Blog Or you can follow me on Quora

Blog written by Tushar Pandey

History of Indian Space Program Part- 1 (ISRO's Achievements)

2021-01-07T23:10:00.009+05:30

The Indian space program began in 1962. In 1962 the Indian space Research Organization ISRO was set up and headquartered in Bangalore for the purpose of the rapid development of space technology and its application.

In 1972, space commission was established.

In 1975, India launched its first satellite, Aryabhata

after this India enter the space age.

History

Modern space research in India is most visibly traced to the 1920s when the scientist S.K. Mitra conducted a series of experiments leading to the sounding of the ionosphere by application of ground-based radio method in Calcutta.

later Indian scientists like C.V. Raman and Meghnad Saha contributed to scientific principles applicable in space sciences.

however, it was the period after 1945 that saw important development being made in coordinated space research in India.

Two Superheroes of India

Space research in India was spearheaded by two scientists: Vikram Sarabhai- founder of the Physical Research Laboratory at Ahmedabad-and Homi Bhabha, who established the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in 1945.

In 1950, the Department of Atomic Energy was founded with Bhabha as its secretary.

In 1954, the Uttar Pradesh state observatory was established at the foothills of the Himalayas. The Rangpur Observatory was set up in 1957 at Osmania University, Hyderabad.

Program

Space research was further encouraged by the technically inclined Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.

In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1 and open up possibilities for the rest of the world to condect a space launch.

The Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was set up in 1962 by Jawaharlal Nehru, first Prime Minister of India.

Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), was set up at Ahmadabad in 1969 by Prof. Vikram Sarabhai as Chairman.

ISRO Objectives

Two major operational system have been established-

The Indian National Satellite (INSAT) for telecommunication, television broadcasting

The Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) for monitoring and management of natural resources and Disaster Management Support.

Satellite Launching Vechicle

Satellite Launch vehicle (SLV)- 4-stage solid-propellant light launcher. It was intended to reach a height of 500 kilometers (310 miles) and carry a payload of 40 kilogram (88 poundes)

Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV)- Usually known as ASLV. 5-stage solid-propellant rocket with the capability of placing a 150-kilogram (330 Pound) satellite into Low Earth Orbit.

Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)- It is an expendable launch system developed by ISRO to allow India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite into Sun synchronous orbit.

Some Inspirational Quotes by Vikram Sarabhai: We look down on our scientists if they engage in outside consultation. We implicitly promote the ivory tower.

Blog Written By :Tushar Pandey

How Republic Day Chief Guest is selected in India?

2021-01-06T23:17:00.003+05:30

Why is the invitation for Republic Day a special honor?

While the visit of the Chief Guest at the Republic Day parade is similar to a state visit by any foreign high dignitary given the ceremony involved it is the highest honour that India accords to guest in protocol terms.

The Chief Guest is given the Ceremonial guard of honour at Rashtrapati Bhavan he attend the reception in the evening hosted by the President of India he lays a wreath at Rajghat, there is a banquet in his Honour, a lunch hosted by the Prime Minister, and calls by the Vice-President and the External Affairs Minister.

The centrepiece of the visit

The centrepiece of the visit is that the chief Guest accompanies the President of India, flanked by the horse-mounted President's Bodyguard to the saluting base on Rajpath from where the President reviews the Republic Day parade.

The visit of the Chief Guest is full of symbolism

"It portrays the Chief Guest as participating in India's pride and happiness and reflect the friendship between the two peoples represented by the President of India and the Chief Guest"

How does India choose the Chief Guest for Republic Day?

The process starts 6 months ago in the MEA

The government extend its invitation to a Head of State or Government after careful consideration. This process commences almost six months ahead of Republic Day.

The MEA considers a number of issues, the most important of which is the nature of India's relationship with the country concerned.

Other factors include political, economic, and commercial relations the neighbourhood, military cooperation, prominence in the regional grouping, or past association in the Non-Aligned Movement.

India's emotional attachment with the NAM countries remains strong, even as development imperatives such as trade, technical knowhow and financial cooperation have opened up new vistas and opportunities for closer relationships with other countries.

All these considerations often point in different directions and choosing a Chief Guest, therefore often poses challenges

After MEA it goes to PM and then to President.

The MEA after deliberations seeks the Prime Minister's approval after which the clearance of Rashtrapati Bhavan is sought.

Therefore India's ambassadors in the concerned countries try to ascertain discreetly the potential Chief Guests programme and availability for Republic Day.

Once this laborious process has been completed the territorial divisions in the MEA work towards meaningful talks and agreements while the Chief of Protocol works on the details of the programme and logistics.

All aspects of the visit are gone through such as Security, logistic, medical requirement, if necessary, with the active cooperation of the concerned Department of the Government of India and the government of the states which the chief guest may visit before coming to New Delhi, or after Republic Day.

So what is the big picture of the Chief Guest's visit?

Various Chief Guests and their Ambassador in New Delhi have been profuse in their praise for India's ceremonies and the protocol it accords.

India's hospitality reflects its traditions, culture and history