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	<title>ERF Annual Conference </title>
	
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		<title>Highlights from the ERF’s 19th Annual Conference</title>
		<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/erfannualconference/~3/HqAmTbJ8i8g/</link>
		<comments>http://erfblog.org/2013/03/05/highlights-from-the-erfs-19th-annual-conference/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 05 Mar 2013 15:48:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Zeinab Sabet</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[ERF 19th Annual Conference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ERF Annual Conference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ERF Events]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arab uprising]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economic development]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Islamist parties]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://erfblog.org/?p=1188</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The Mena region has definitely changed in the aftermath of the Arab uprising. Although the ascendance of Islamist parties to power might not be to the satisfaction of some, there is no doubt that it has become a reality. The question is what kind of economic policies Islamist parties are going to come up with [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=erfblog.org&#038;blog=20638481&#038;post=1188&#038;subd=erfblog&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The Mena region has definitely changed in the aftermath of the Arab uprising. Although the ascendance of Islamist parties to power might not be to the satisfaction of some, there is no doubt that it has become a reality.</p>
<p>The question is what kind of economic policies Islamist parties are going to come up with and whether their visions are the right ones for development.</p>
<p><span id="more-1188"></span>The <a href="http://erfblog.org/tag/erf2013/" target="_blank">ERF 19<sup>th</sup> Annual Conference</a> provided a platform where economists and political scientists were able to share their views and address different questions, particularly: how political Islam has arisen; how Islamist parties won the elections; how they are likely to behave once in power; how they have been economically performing so far; and finally what is likely to politically happen in the future, and consequently on the economic front.</p>
<p>ERF&#8217;s Managing Director <b>Ahmed Galal, </b>reflects on the highlights of the 2013 Annual Conference<b>. </b></p>
<p><span class='embed-youtube' style='text-align:center; display: block;'><iframe class='youtube-player' type='text/html' width='500' height='312' src='http://www.youtube.com/embed/nOmS7qlz20E?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;wmode=transparent' frameborder='0'></iframe></span></p>
<br />Filed under: <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-19th-annual-conference/'>ERF 19th Annual Conference</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-annual-conference/'>ERF Annual Conference</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-events/'>ERF Events</a> Tagged: <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/arab-uprising/'>Arab uprising</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/economic-development/'>economic development</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/erf/'>erf</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/erf2013/'>erf2013</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/islamist-parties/'>Islamist parties</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/mena/'>MENA</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/mena-region/'>mena region</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/political-islam/'>political islam</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/erfblog.wordpress.com/1188/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/erfblog.wordpress.com/1188/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=erfblog.org&#038;blog=20638481&#038;post=1188&#038;subd=erfblog&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" /><div class="feedflare">
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		<title>A Glimpse Into the Crystal Ball</title>
		<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/erfannualconference/~3/Ml36tH4Oy0k/</link>
		<comments>http://erfblog.org/2013/03/05/a-glimpse-into-the-crystal-ball/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 05 Mar 2013 14:28:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Zeinab Sabet</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[ERF 19th Annual Conference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ERF Annual Conference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ERF Events]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[arab awakening]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arab uprising]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://erfblog.org/?p=1137</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The ascendance of Islamist parties to power following the Arab uprisings might not be to the satisfaction of some, but there is no doubt that it has become a reality.  The question is, are they managing the economies they inherited? And to what extent are they likely to adjust and steer their countries towards a better and [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=erfblog.org&#038;blog=20638481&#038;post=1137&#038;subd=erfblog&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The ascendance of Islamist parties to power following the Arab uprisings might not be to the satisfaction of some, but there is no doubt that it has become a reality.  The question is, are they managing the economies they inherited? And to what extent are they likely to adjust and steer their countries towards a better and more robust economy and an effective and democratic political system.</p>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 510px"><a title="Plenary session 3 - The Panel by Connect2GDNet, on Flickr" href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/gdnet/8531011886/" target="_blank"><img title="Plenary session 3 - Outlook and Possible Scenarios" alt="Plenary session 3 - Outlook and Possible Scenarios" src="http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8376/8531011886_959983b4bb.jpg" width="500" height="333" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Plenary session 3 &#8211; Outlook and Possible Scenarios</p></div>
<p>Following up on discussions held in the previous sessions, on the <a href="http://erfblog.org/2013/03/04/a-struggle-to-transit-towards-democracy-how-are-things-likely-to-evolve-in-the-arab-region/" target="_blank">Causes of the Arab Uprisings and the Rationale for the Rise of Islamist Parties to Power</a> &amp; <a href="http://erfblog.org/2013/03/04/religion-and-economic-development/" target="_blank">Comparative Economic Performance in Islamist-Governed Countries</a>, the third and last plenary session was dedicated to discussing the possible scenarios that may result from the Islamist party rule.</p>
<p>The session explored the different paths Islamist parties are likely to follow, as well as the challenges and opportunities they are facing and their ability and willingness to achieve a balance between then neo-liberal economic programs they appear to support and the need for a social justice and income distribution that would respond to the peoples’ demands and expectations following the uprisings. The transition Islamist political parties are experiencing from opposition to ruling power was also discussed at during the session.</p>
<p><span id="more-1137"></span></p>
<p>While some argue that Islamist parties have already missed the chance they were offered, others believe it is too early to judge their economic, political and social performance. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Sabah_Al-Salem_Al-Sabah" target="_blank"><strong>Mohammed Al-Sabah</strong>, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kuwait</a>, argues that “The party is not over. We are witnessing an Arab World in the process of change”.</p>
<p>When assessing the current situation, two aspects appear to typify current Islamist party rule: the political system not having responded to social expectations; and the polarization characterizing the society and which seems to be accentuated with the political Islam in power. According to <strong><a href="http://www.carnegieendowment.org/experts/?fa=238" target="_blank">Nathan J. Brown</a></strong> of <a href="http://www.gwu.edu/" target="_blank">George Washington University</a>, there is no doubt about the general disappointment within the region. The question remains whether Islamist parties will have the ability and willingness to correct the above.</p>
<p><span class='embed-youtube' style='text-align:center; display: block;'><iframe class='youtube-player' type='text/html' width='500' height='312' src='http://www.youtube.com/embed/n1zM4mWqGOU?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;wmode=transparent' frameborder='0'></iframe></span></p>
<p>The Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood’s point of view regarding the rule of political Islam was expressed during the session by <strong>Hussein El Kazzaz,</strong> from the Office of the Egyptian President who insisted on the Islamist view being as representing a paradigm of fairness of opportunities. According to El-Kazzaz, the major challenge Muslim Brotherhood face is whether it can internalize the values of the Egyptian revolution. He also highlighted the challenge the Muslim Brotherhood faces nowadays in Egypt when changing its historical opposition mindset to a new ruling one. Kazzaz presented a generally conciliatory approach which set off some members of the audience, criticizing the general scope of his speech and asking for more specificity about the Islamist party’s plans in terms of introducing democratic reforms and establishing social justice in Egypt.</p>
<p>In line with Mohammed Al-Sabah, <strong><a href="http://www.carnegieendowment.org/experts/?fa=563" target="_blank">Marwan Muasher</a></strong>; <a href="http://www.carnegieendowment.org/#/slide_318" target="_blank">Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</a>, also argues that the region is witnessing a historical process of change that cannot be judged a mere two years into the process. “It is going to take long time until some countries make it, others will struggle and others will fail as well” he stated.</p>
<p><span class='embed-youtube' style='text-align:center; display: block;'><iframe class='youtube-player' type='text/html' width='500' height='312' src='http://www.youtube.com/embed/D-9dkUbtrCU?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;wmode=transparent' frameborder='0'></iframe></span></p>
<p>Another key point that emerged from the session is the need for secularists and Islamists to consolidate their efforts towards democratic, economic and social reforms. “This should not be a battle between secular elements and Islamic elements. If it is seen as a battle then it becomes a battle for domination when whoever wins becomes the new autocrat of the Arab world,” noted Muasher.</p>
<div> The complexity of the transition process in the aftermath of uprisings was emphasised by  the speakers. “A healthy process has started, but we are not yet finished with it because of  the lack acceptance of political pluralism within the region, which is necessary to bring democratic conclusions, still has not been taken forward,” noted Brown.</div>
<br />Filed under: <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-19th-annual-conference/'>ERF 19th Annual Conference</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-annual-conference/'>ERF Annual Conference</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-events/'>ERF Events</a> Tagged: <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/arab-awakening/'>arab awakening</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/arab-uprising/'>Arab uprising</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/development/'>development</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/economic-development/'>economic development</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/egypt/'>egypt</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/erf/'>erf</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/erf2013/'>erf2013</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/islamist-parties/'>Islamist parties</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/mena/'>MENA</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/mena-region/'>mena region</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/muslim-brotherhood/'>Muslim Brotherhood</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/political-islam/'>political islam</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/erfblog.wordpress.com/1137/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/erfblog.wordpress.com/1137/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=erfblog.org&#038;blog=20638481&#038;post=1137&#038;subd=erfblog&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" /><div class="feedflare">
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			<media:title type="html">Plenary session 3 - Outlook and Possible Scenarios</media:title>
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		<title>Has Politics Failed the Environment?</title>
		<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/erfannualconference/~3/v-OROWE7SrE/</link>
		<comments>http://erfblog.org/2013/03/05/have-politics-failed-the-environment/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 05 Mar 2013 14:00:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Shahira Emara</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[ERF 19th Annual Conference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ERF Annual Conference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ERF Events]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[air]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climat change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economic incentives]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Environment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hala abou-ali]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[pollution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[waste management]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[yasser sherif]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://erfblog.org/?p=1160</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Among the most controversial regional questions of our age are how serious is environmental degradation in the MENA countries and why? Simply put, it is because the countries of the MENA region have exhausted their share of natural resources, well beyond the sustainable levels. Environmental problems in the region range from water scarcity, water quality, [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=erfblog.org&#038;blog=20638481&#038;post=1160&#038;subd=erfblog&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Among the most controversial regional questions of our age are how serious is environmental degradation in the MENA countries and why? Simply put, it is because the countries of the MENA region have exhausted their share of natural resources, well beyond the sustainable levels. Environmental problems in the region range from water scarcity, water quality, air pollution, and land degradation to over exploitation of marine resources. Not only do these problems injure the environment but also they has a inverse relationship to inequality and poverty levels.</p>
<p><a title="ERF" href="http://www.erf.org.eg" target="_blank">ERF</a> dedicated a session of the <a href="http://erfblog.org/category/erf-19th-annual-conference/" target="_blank">19<sup>th</sup>annual conference</a> to a book launch for an extraordinary new publication: <strong><i>Economic Incentives and Environmental Regulations</i></strong> edited by <a href="http://www.erf.org.eg/cms.php?id=erf_affiliates_research_associates_details&amp;affiliates_id=3" target="_blank">Hala Abou-Ali</a>. Published by <a title="Edward Elgar Publishing" href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=economic incentives and environmental regulations%2C edward elgar&amp;source=web&amp;cd=2&amp;cad=rja&amp;ved=0CDsQFjAB&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-elgar.com%2Fbookentry_main.lasso%3Fid%3D14796&amp;ei=XPU1UbjBPIaPtQbns4DoBg&amp;usg=AFQjCNFrFn3TunbI-Ei1eJ6lmA7V9ce7cQ&amp;sig2=rJ5F4KtqZszs_9pgQgpa2g&amp;bvm=bv.43148975,d.Yms" target="_blank">Edward Elgar</a>, in cooperation with ERF, this book explores challenges related to water sanitation and hygiene, air pollution, and land degradation in a diversified portfolio of MENA countries. These countries have very different socio-economic profiles, yet they all share the same environmental problems.</p>
<span class='embed-youtube' style='text-align:center; display: block;'><iframe class='youtube-player' type='text/html' width='500' height='312' src='http://www.youtube.com/embed/xKhJSyIJz1s?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;wmode=transparent' frameborder='0'></iframe></span>
<p><span id="more-1160"></span></p>
<p><strong>Economic tools box to provide a better grasp of environmental issues<br />
</strong>Extensive country analyses are supported by references to the economic literature on regulation and incentives, and encompass recent trends in environmental management modes and policy orientations. The topical chapters include a critical review of environmental policies with a focus on economic incentives on various environmental issues including irrigation water, air pollution, solid waste management and the impact of climate change and fisheries.- <a title="Edward Elgar Publishing" href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=economic incentives and environmental regulations%2C edward elgar&amp;source=web&amp;cd=2&amp;cad=rja&amp;ved=0CDsQFjAB&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-elgar.com%2Fbookentry_main.lasso%3Fid%3D14796&amp;ei=XPU1UbjBPIaPtQbns4DoBg&amp;usg=AFQjCNFrFn3TunbI-Ei1eJ6lmA7V9ce7cQ&amp;sig2=rJ5F4KtqZszs_9pgQgpa2g&amp;bvm=bv.43148975,d.Yms" target="_blank">Edward Elgar</a></p>
<p>The session saw discussion on issues such as reasons for the lack of the environmental agenda. Institutions often fail consider the environment when making decisions for ecological reform, while instruments used to reduce environmental problems are often inefficient at mitigating environmental issues. Essentially, political issues become environmental problems.</p>
<p>The core of the environmental agenda is mainly political- argues <a href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=mohamed%20yasser%20sherif%2C%20environics&amp;source=web&amp;cd=3&amp;cad=rja&amp;ved=0CDwQFjAC&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Feg.linkedin.com%2Fpub%2Fyasser-sherif%2F16%2F746%2F458&amp;ei=K_Y1UdGoGYTXtQbmkoGoDA&amp;usg=AFQjCNGOtmb0XHaJRxhf5CEdYUwPxJr0oA&amp;sig2=CkIZdpnab1z9pvJjV4mSyg&amp;bvm=bv.43148975,d.Yms" target="_blank">Mohamed Yasser Sherif, Enviroics</a>.  There is an evident gap in environmental research in the MENA region but the book provides technical contributions for political economy reform. It also provides practical evidence and recommendations to be taken up by policy makers and fed into decision-making processes. Findings of this study needs to be packaged appropriately and translated to a language understandable by policymakers.</p>
<span class='embed-youtube' style='text-align:center; display: block;'><iframe class='youtube-player' type='text/html' width='500' height='312' src='http://www.youtube.com/embed/OupYtzmhKOw?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;wmode=transparent' frameborder='0'></iframe></span>
<p>Finally, the book notes some prospects, challenges, and implications of some market based instruments that can be used to mitigate Co2 emissions and control down industrial waste. It is considered an incentive  to worry about environmental policies that may mitigate and reduce issues arising from environmental degradation. It also draws a picture about the magnitude of economic costs to environmental issues in the hope of raising awareness, changing behavior and creating a new generation of citizens to take these issues seriously.</p>
<br />Filed under: <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-19th-annual-conference/'>ERF 19th Annual Conference</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-annual-conference/'>ERF Annual Conference</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-events/'>ERF Events</a> Tagged: <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/air/'>air</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/climat-change/'>climat change</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/economic-incentives/'>economic incentives</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/environment/'>Environment</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/hala-abou-ali/'>hala abou-ali</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/mena/'>MENA</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/politics/'>politics</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/pollution/'>pollution</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/waste-management/'>waste management</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/water/'>water</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/yasser-sherif/'>yasser sherif</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/erfblog.wordpress.com/1160/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/erfblog.wordpress.com/1160/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=erfblog.org&#038;blog=20638481&#038;post=1160&#038;subd=erfblog&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" /><div class="feedflare">
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		<title>الدين والتنمية الاقتصادية</title>
		<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/erfannualconference/~3/jdHF5qkoVRQ/</link>
		<comments>http://erfblog.org/2013/03/05/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%86%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a9/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 05 Mar 2013 13:38:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Zeinab Sabet</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[ERF 19th Annual Conference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ERF Annual Conference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ERF Events]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://erfblog.org/?p=1141</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Original English post by Salma El Meligi, translated by Ramage Nada إن الربيع العربي منح مكاسب سياسية كبيرة للإسلاميين في كلٍ من مصر وتونس. فقد استفادت الأحزاب الإسلامية من كونها الأكثر تنظيماً، بجانب ما لها من سمعة في كونها بعيدة عن الفساد، ولكنها تواجه الآن تحديات متعلقة بالحكم. إن الحكومات التي تم الإطاحة بها في [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=erfblog.org&#038;blog=20638481&#038;post=1141&#038;subd=erfblog&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:left;"><a href="http://erfblog.org/2013/03/04/religion-and-economic-development/">Original English post by<em> Salma El Meligi</em></a>, translated by <em>Ramage Nada </em></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:right;">إن الربيع العربي منح مكاسب سياسية كبيرة للإسلاميين في كلٍ من مصر وتونس. فقد استفادت الأحزاب الإسلامية من كونها الأكثر تنظيماً، بجانب ما لها من سمعة في كونها بعيدة عن الفساد، ولكنها تواجه الآن تحديات متعلقة بالحكم. إن الحكومات التي تم الإطاحة بها في كل من تونس ومصر، كانت تطبق برامج ليبرالية مع حماية القطاع العام المتضخم وتوجيه الإقراض المصرفي الحكومي. والتساؤل الآن هو ما إذا كانت الحكومات الإسلامية سوف تحيد كثيراً عن هذا البرنامج.</p>
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:right;">ناقشت <a href="http://erfblog.org/2013/03/04/erf-19th-annual-conference-report-plenary-session-2-comparative-economic-performance-in-islamist-governed-countries/" target="_blank"><b>الجلسة العامة الثانية</b></a> للمؤتمر السنوي بعنوان <b>مقارنة للأداء الاقتصادي في البلدان ذات الحكم الإسلامي</b> القضايا التالية: ماذا يحدث عند وصول الأحزاب الإسلامية إلى السلطة؟ هل يمكن لهذه الأحزاب أن تطور  خصائص محددة لسياسات التنمية الاقتصادية؟ وهل ستكون نتائج التنمية مماثلة؟ وما الدروس التي يمكن استخلاصها من هذا التحليل المقارن لدول الربيع العربي؟</p>
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:right;"><span id="more-1141"></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:right;">وركزت <a href="http://erfblog.org/2013/03/04/delivering-economic-assistance-to-arab-countries-in-political-transition/" target="_blank">ميشيل دن (المجلس الأطلنطي)</a> في خطابها على الوضع في كل من مصر وتونس. وأكدت ميشيل على أنه في ظل فترة التحول الاقتصادي والسياسي التي يمر بها كلا البلدين، فإنه لا يمكن لأي منهما أن يعبرا خلال سنوات التحول السياسي العديدة القادمة دون أن يمرا باضطرابات بسبب الانهيار الاقتصادي.</p>
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:right;">ففي أعقاب ثورات 2011، اختارت تونس مساراً للتحول السياسي مختلفاً عن مصر، بدءاً بانسحاب الجيش من الحياة السياسة، وكتابة الدستور قبل إجراء الانتخابات البرلمانية والرئاسية. أما على النقيض، واصلت مصر تلقي المساعدات الخارجية، التي انخفضت عما كانت تتلقاه حكومة مبارك سنوياً. وأضافت دن أنه على الرغم من أن كِلا البلدين سلكا مسارات مختلفة، إلا أنهما لا يزالا يواجهان نفس المشاكل الأساسية الاقتصادية والسياسية.</p>
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:right;">وأوضح <a href="http://www.erf.org.eg/cms.php?id=erf_affiliates_senior_associates_details&amp;affiliates_id=283" target="_blank">حازم الببلاوى</a>، النائب السابق لرئيس وزراء مصر، في خطابه على أنه على الرغم من أن ثورة 25 يناير 2011 قد أثرت سلباً على الاقتصاد المصري، إلا أن أداءه كان أفضل بكثير مما كان متوقعاً. وإن كان ذلك لا ينفي حقيقة أن الوضع المالي في مصر لا يزال هشاً. وأضاف ببلاوي أن &#8220;الطريق الوحيد لتقدم مصر هو من خلال زيادة الإنتاجية عن طريق استقدام التكنولوجيا من الخارج، بالإضافة إلى الدخول في تحالفات اقتصادية، والأهم من ذلك عن طريق الاهتمام بالتعليم ونشر التوعية حول المشاكل التي تواجهها مصر&#8221;.</p>
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:right;">عرضت<a href="http://erfblog.org/2013/03/04/key-challenges-for-economic-development-in-islamist-governed-countries/" target="_blank"> جيليان شويدلر (جامعة ماساتشوستس)</a> ثلاث قضايا رئيسية تواجه الأحزاب الإسلامية فيما يتعلق بالتنمية الاقتصادية. تتعلق القضية الأولى بأن هذه الأحزاب تعمل في بيئة مؤسسية غير مستقرة وغير واضحة، ولم يتم بعد ترسيخ السلطة فيها. وأوضحت جيليان أنه في هذا المناخ العام من عدم الاستقرار، تصبح عملية صناعة القرار أمراً صعباً للغاية. أما التحدي الثاني -من وجهة نظرها &#8211; يتلخص في  خلق فرص عمل منظمة، حيث أن الملايين من الشعب على استعداد للنزول إلى الشارع إذا لم تتحقق مطالبهم في إيجاد فرص العمل. وأخيراً، فإن التحدي الثالث وفقا لشويدلر، هو أن يتم تشتيت الأحزاب الإسلامية الحاكمة في اتجاهات مختلفة داخل الأحزاب نفسها.</p>
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:right;">وأكد المتحدثون في الختام على أنه الرؤية لم تضح بعد حول كيفية تأثير وجود الإسلاميين في الحكومات على الاقتصاد. فقد أوضحت شويدلر أنه &#8220;يجب مقارنة هذه الأنظمة والأحزاب الجديدة بأحزاب جديدة أخرى في إطار مؤسسي مشابه، وتأجيل النظر لطابعهم الإسلامي إلى وقتٍ لاحق، بدلاً من التركيز على فكرة الحكم الإسلامي منذ البداية والتعامل من هذا المنطلق مع ما سيشكله ذلك من مشكلات&#8221; .</p>
<br />Filed under: <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-19th-annual-conference/'>ERF 19th Annual Conference</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-annual-conference/'>ERF Annual Conference</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-events/'>ERF Events</a> Tagged: <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/arab-uprising/'>Arab uprising</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/development/'>development</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/economic-development/'>economic development</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/erf/'>erf</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/erf2013/'>erf2013</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/islamist-parties/'>Islamist parties</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/mena/'>MENA</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/mena-region/'>mena region</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/political-islam/'>political islam</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/erfblog.wordpress.com/1141/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/erfblog.wordpress.com/1141/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=erfblog.org&#038;blog=20638481&#038;post=1141&#038;subd=erfblog&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" /><div class="feedflare">
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		<title>ERF About to Launch Open Access Micro Data</title>
		<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/erfannualconference/~3/BJ5JCmFSrJQ/</link>
		<comments>http://erfblog.org/2013/03/04/erf-about-to-launch-open-access-micro-data/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 2013 22:57:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Shahira Emara</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[ERF 19th Annual Conference]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[ERF Events]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[ifpri]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[micro data]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nemat shafik]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[open access data]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[open data]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://erfblog.org/?p=1089</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[ERF took the opportunity to launch one of its most important projects at the Annual Conference: its Open Access Micro Data project. It is impossible to do state of the art microeconomic research without access to data. Open data provides a low cost distribution technology. It is a right to be demanded by populations to enhance transparency [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=erfblog.org&#038;blog=20638481&#038;post=1089&#038;subd=erfblog&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><b>ERF took the opportunity to launch one of its most important projects at the Annual Conference: its Open Access Micro Data project</b>. It is impossible to do state of the art microeconomic research without access to data. <a title="Open Data" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_data" target="_blank">Open data</a> provides a low cost distribution technology. It is a right to be demanded by populations to enhance transparency and accountability as such.</p>
<p>Major progress in the MENA region has been achieved to make data available and accessible to the public. This is considered a huge opportunity for researchers to make use of this data to analyze questions, provide evidence and come up with solutions to current issues of our time; argues <a title="Nemat Shafik" href="http://www.imf.org/external/np/omd/bios/mns.htm" target="_blank">Nemat Shafik, International Monetary Fund (IMF)</a>.</p>
<span class='embed-youtube' style='text-align:center; display: block;'><iframe class='youtube-player' type='text/html' width='500' height='312' src='http://www.youtube.com/embed/PdJhwADaB5k?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;wmode=transparent' frameborder='0'></iframe></span>
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<p><a title="Caroline Freund" href="http://menablog.worldbank.org/users/caroline-freund" target="_blank"><strong>Caroline Freund</strong>, Chief Economic of the MENA region, World Bank</a>, explains that open data is crucial for development at large. She argues that data maybe collected for one purposes, but it maybe suitable for many other purposes and used by other researchers. She also notes that by making data open accessible and reusable, this enhances transparency, efficiency, innovation, and participation. However, it is worth considering down turns of open data and the costs associated to it.</p>
<span class='embed-youtube' style='text-align:center; display: block;'><iframe class='youtube-player' type='text/html' width='500' height='312' src='http://www.youtube.com/embed/i4VKanmyQ2U?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;wmode=transparent' frameborder='0'></iframe></span>
<p>From a researcher view point, ERF fellow <strong><a title="Ragui Assad" href="http://www.erf.org.eg/cms.php?id=erf_affiliates_research_fellows_details&amp;affiliates_id=29" target="_blank">Ragui Assad</a></strong> stresses on the importance of having publicly accessible micro data to do research.  Without micro data, research on labor issues, human development, inequality and poverty is impossible. He argues that young researchers find these areas inaccessible because no data was made available. He also notes efforts from institutes like <a title="ERF" href="http://www.erf.org.eg" target="_blank">ERF</a>, <a title="WBI" href="http://wbi.worldbank.org/wbi/" target="_blank">WBI</a>, <a title="CAPMAS" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Agency_for_Public_Mobilization_and_Statistics" target="_blank">CAPMAS</a> and many country statistical agencies that help make data archived to international standards and publicly available.</p>
<span class='embed-youtube' style='text-align:center; display: block;'><iframe class='youtube-player' type='text/html' width='500' height='312' src='http://www.youtube.com/embed/cLC8rcWj2YM?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;wmode=transparent' frameborder='0'></iframe></span>
<p>With <a title="ERF" href="http://www.erf.org.eg/cms.php?id=home_page" target="_blank">ERF</a> about to launch their dataset and <a title="IFPRI" href="http://www.ifpri.org/" target="_blank">IFPRI&#8217;s</a> recently launched <a title="Arab Spatial" href="http://www.arabspatial.org" target="_blank">Arab Spatial initiative</a> the question of <strong>cooperation</strong> comes to mind. Individual efforts are all very well but the results would be multiplied through cooperation. Various institutions need to syndicate datasets and enhance good relationships with country statistic bureaus to make sure that the data is properly maintained, updated, reliable and robust.</p>
<p>The availability of better and more accessible data for researchers is an important contribution to better analysis and better decisions for greater economic growth and development in MENA. Nevertheless, there is still so much that can be done, and more cooperation is required from different stakeholders to make more data accessible from different sources to inform local policy agendas.</p>
<br />Filed under: <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-19th-annual-conference/'>ERF 19th Annual Conference</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-annual-conference/'>ERF Annual Conference</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-events/'>ERF Events</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/video-interviews/'>Video Interviews</a> Tagged: <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/capmas/'>CAPMAS</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/caroline-freund/'>Caroline Freund</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/erf/'>erf</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/ifpri/'>ifpri</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/mena/'>MENA</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/micro-data/'>micro data</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/nemat-shafik/'>Nemat shafik</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/open-access-data/'>open access data</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/open-data/'>open data</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/ragui-assad/'>ragui assad</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/wbi/'>wbi</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/erfblog.wordpress.com/1089/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/erfblog.wordpress.com/1089/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=erfblog.org&#038;blog=20638481&#038;post=1089&#038;subd=erfblog&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" /><div class="feedflare">
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		<title>Religion and Economic Development</title>
		<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/erfannualconference/~3/Uxw_e9EEvMI/</link>
		<comments>http://erfblog.org/2013/03/04/religion-and-economic-development/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 2013 22:48:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Salma El Meligi</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[ERF 19th Annual Conference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ERF Annual Conference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ERF Events]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[arab spring]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economic development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[egypt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[erf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[erf2013]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Islamist parties]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mena region]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political islam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[religion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[transition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tunisia]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://erfblog.org/?p=1102</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The Arab Spring has led to significant political gains for Islamists in Egypt and Tunisia. Islamist parties initially benefited from being the most organized and having a reputation for being incorruptible, but are now faced with the challenges of governing. The toppled governments in Tunisia and Egypt had been following neoliberal agendas while protecting bloated [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=erfblog.org&#038;blog=20638481&#038;post=1102&#038;subd=erfblog&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="font-size:13px;line-height:19px;">The Arab Spring has led to significant political gains for Islamists in Egypt and Tunisia. Islamist parties initially benefited from being the most organized and having a reputation for being incorruptible, but are now faced with the challenges of governing. The toppled governments in Tunisia and Egypt had been following neoliberal agendas while protecting bloated public sectors and directing state bank lending. The question is whether the Islamist governments can deviate substantially from this agenda.</span></p>
<p>The <strong><a href="http://erfblog.org/2013/03/04/erf-19th-annual-conference-report-plenary-session-2-comparative-economic-performance-in-islamist-governed-countries/" target="_blank">second plenary session</a></strong> of the <a href="http://erfblog.org/category/erf-19th-annual-conference/" target="_blank">2013 ERF annual conference</a> titled <strong>Comparative Economic Performance in Islamist-Governed Countries</strong>, examined questions as: what happens comparatively when Islamist parties attain power? Do these parties develop defining characteristics as far as economic development policies are concerned? Are the resulting development outcomes similar? What lessons can we draw from this comparative analysis for Arab Spring countries?</p>
<p>In her presentation,<strong> <a href="http://erfblog.org/2013/03/04/delivering-economic-assistance-to-arab-countries-in-political-transition/" target="_blank">Michele Dunne</a></strong> (Atlantic Council), focused on the situation in Egypt and Tunisia. As both countries are going through a period of economic and political transition, Michele argued that it is not possible for Egypt and Tunisia to get through the many years of political transition without being undermined by economic collapse.</p>
<p><span id="more-1102"></span></p>
<p>Following the 2011 uprisings, <strong>Tunisia</strong> chose a different political path than Egypt for it&#8217;s political transition beginning with withdrawing the military from politics and drafting the constitution before the parliamentary and presidential elections. To contrast, <strong>Egypt</strong> continued to receive foreign aid which was less than what was delivered to Mubarak&#8217;s government on annual basis. Although both countries started off at different places, both Tunisia and Egypt continue to face fundamental economic and political problems, added Dunne.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.erf.org.eg/cms.php?id=erf_affiliates_senior_associates_details&amp;affiliates_id=283" target="_blank">Hazem Beblawy</a>, ex deputy prime minister of Egypt, focused in his presentation on the Egyptian economy arguing that despite the fact that the 2011 revolution has negatively impacted the economy, the Egyptian economy is performing better than what was expected. However, that does not negate the fact that Egypt&#8217;s financial situation is fragile. &#8220;The only way Egypt can move ahead is by increasing the productivity of the people by importing technology, making economic alliances, and most importantly by educating people about the problems,&#8221; added Beblawy.</p>
<p><strong><a href="http://erfblog.org/2013/03/04/key-challenges-for-economic-development-in-islamist-governed-countries/" target="_blank">Jillian Schwedler</a></strong> (University of Massachusetts), focused on what she thinks are the three key issues that Islamist parties are facing with regards to economic development. First, these parties are operating in an unstable institutional environment, where institutions are not clear, not well established, and where power is volatile. In this context of general instability, the policy-making process is very difficult, argued Schwedler. The second challenge that she identified is the challenge of organized labor where millions of people are willing to take to the streets if their demands for employment are not met. Finally, the third challenge according to Schwedler, is that ruling Islamist parties are pulled in different directions within the parties themselves.</p>
<p>The speakers concluded that it is still unclear how the presence of Islamists in the governments makes a difference in the economy. &#8220;We should compare these new regimes and new parties with other new parties in comparable institutional context and let the Islam question come in later, rather than starting with the question that they are Islamist and what’s going to be problematic about them from that perspective,” said Schwedler.</p>
<br />Filed under: <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-19th-annual-conference/'>ERF 19th Annual Conference</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-annual-conference/'>ERF Annual Conference</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-events/'>ERF Events</a> Tagged: <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/arab-spring/'>arab spring</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/development/'>development</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/economic-development/'>economic development</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/egypt/'>egypt</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/erf/'>erf</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/erf2013/'>erf2013</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/islamist-parties/'>Islamist parties</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/mena-region/'>mena region</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/political-islam/'>political islam</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/religion/'>religion</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/transition/'>transition</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/tunisia/'>tunisia</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/erfblog.wordpress.com/1102/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/erfblog.wordpress.com/1102/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=erfblog.org&#038;blog=20638481&#038;post=1102&#038;subd=erfblog&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" /><div class="feedflare">
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		<title>صراع نحو الديمقراطية، ما هي احنمالات تطور الأوضاع في المنطقة العربية؟</title>
		<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/erfannualconference/~3/NNOGWO-1PnQ/</link>
		<comments>http://erfblog.org/2013/03/04/%d8%b5%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%a9%d8%8c-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d8%ad%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%aa/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 2013 20:49:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Zeinab Sabet</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[ERF 19th Annual Conference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ERF Annual Conference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ERF Events]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Islamist parties]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mena region]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political islam]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://erfblog.org/?p=1108</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Original English post by Shahira Emara, translated by Ramage Nada بعد مرورعامين على ما يعرف بالربيع العربي، أصبح هناك حاجة متزايدة لوضع إطار هيكلي لفهم التطورات الإقليمية. لا تزال هناك أسئلة لم يتم الرد عليها، وتفسيرات غير حاسمة، ومحاولة مبدئية لتحقيق التنمية. فمن الواضح الآن أنه لن يكون هناك قرارات سريعة في الوقت الذي لا [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=erfblog.org&#038;blog=20638481&#038;post=1108&#038;subd=erfblog&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:left;"><a href="http://erfblog.org/2013/03/04/a-struggle-to-transit-towards-democracy-how-are-things-likely-to-evolve-in-the-arab-region/">Original English post by<em> Shahira Emara</em></a>, translated by <em>Ramage Nada</em></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:right;">بعد مرورعامين على ما يعرف بالربيع العربي، أصبح هناك حاجة متزايدة لوضع إطار هيكلي لفهم التطورات الإقليمية. لا تزال هناك أسئلة لم يتم الرد عليها، وتفسيرات غير حاسمة، ومحاولة مبدئية لتحقيق التنمية. فمن الواضح الآن أنه لن يكون هناك قرارات سريعة في الوقت الذي لا تزال تعاني فيه المنطقة من التعامل مع تداعيات الثورة. ومن تلك التداعيات صعود الإسلام السياسي إلى السلطة.</p>
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:right;">يناقش<a href="http://erfblog.org/category/erf-19th-annual-conference/" target="_blank"> المؤتمر السنوي التاسع عشر لمنتدى البحوث الاقتصادية</a> القضايا الراهنة حول التنمية الاقتصادية في إطار صعود الأحزاب الإسلامية. تثير الأحزاب الإسلامية التي تمكنت من الوصول إلى السلطة في دول مختلفة عدة تساؤلات، من حيث تاريخهم، وقدرتهم على الحكم واحتمالات مرور الفترة انتقالية بسلاسة في المستقبل.</p>
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:right;"><span id="more-1108"></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:right;"><b>إذاً، لماذا حدثت الانتفاضات الإقليمية؟ </b><b></b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:right;">لم تقدم النظريات سواء السياسية أو الاقتصادية بمفردها تفسيرات منطقية مرضية لهذا الأمر. وفقاً ل<a href="http://erfblog.org/2013/03/03/understanding-the-causes-of-arab-springs-and-the-political-success-of-islamist-parties/" target="_blank">سامر شحاتة، جامعة جورج تاون</a>، ليس هناك عامل واحد فقط أدى إلى الربيع العربي، وإنما هو نتيجة لمزيج عال من العوامل الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والسياسية. قامت الأنظمة السابقة بتقديم الدعم الحكومي، ولكن هذا الدعم لم يكن يصل لمستحقيه في أغلب الأوقات. أما من الناحية السياسية، تم تقليص الحقوق السياسية، مما أدى إلى زيادة الشعور بالقمع. وعلى الرغم من أن الأبحاث والمؤلفات الموجودة يمكنها تفسير نشأة الأنظمة الاستبدادية الإقليمية وأسباب استمرارها، إلا أنها لم تقدم تفسير لأسباب انهيارها. ومع ذلك، هناك بعض التفسيرات، مثل: الفساد، والمحسوبية، وعدم المساواة، والرغبة في تحقيق العدالة الاجتماعية والديمقراطية، وعدم تكافؤ الفرص في سوق العمل، والحداثة، وارتفاع مستوى التعليم، وذلك وفقاً ل<a href="http://erfblog.org/2013/03/03/arab-spring-in-egypt-building-empirical-foundations-for-a-consistent-account/" target="_blank">اسحاق ديوان، جامعة هارفارد ومنتدى البحوث الاقتصادية</a>.</p>
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:right;"><b>السلطة والدين</b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:right;">إن الحركات الإصلاحية الأصولية ليست مقتصرة على الإسلام. فهي ليست ظاهرة فريدة من نوعها، حيث يمكن الإشارة إلى حركات مماثلة في التاريخ والتي أنتجتها العديد من الأديان، بما في ذلك المسيحية والهندوسية والبوذية. ولكن ترجع خصوصية صعود الإسلاميين إلى أنه لا يوجد سلطة كنسية في الإسلام، باستثناء الشيعة في إيران. ومن هنا يأتي التنوع الهائل في كيفية تفسير الإسلام وتطبيقه.</p>
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:right;"><!--more--></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:right;">ومع ذلك، صرح <a href="http://erfblog.org/2013/03/03/islamism-and-islamist-movement-into-a-historical-perspective/" target="_blank">جون فيليب بلاتو، جامعة نامور وجامعة أكسفورد</a>، أن هناك &#8220;إتجاه إلى صعود الإسلاميين عندما لا يكون هناك مؤسسات مركزية الإسلامية&#8221;. فالبعض منهم هو حركات من إنتاج الدولة نفسها، والبعض الآخر ينشأ من قوى المجتمع المدني، ويتوقف على دوافعهم، سواء لتوطيد السلطة، أو لتقريب دول من بعضها البعض، أو مقاومة ضد النظم الاستبدادبة السياسية أو لمحاربة الغزاة الخارجيين. يصبح الدين أداة تحديد أيديولوجية للإسلاميين لجمع السلطة.</p>
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:right;">وهذه هي المرحلة التي يمكن للقادة استقطاب الجمهور حول بعض الأفكار، سواء حب أو كراهية، الإسلاميين مقابل العلمانيين، وخلق الكثير من الصراعات الفكرية داخل المجتمع. ومع ذلك، على مختلف الفصائل أن تتعلم أن تتأقلم وتستوعب الآخر. فبلا شك، لقد تغير المشهد السياسي بعد ظهور الإسلاميين على الساحة. ومن هذا المنطلق، من هو محفز التغيير القادم؟</p>
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:right;"><b>وماذا يمكننا أن نفعل؟</b></p>
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:right;">أما السؤال الأكثر إلحاحاً الآن هو ما إذا كان التغيير في الإدراك الاجتماعي والسياسي للسياسة والدين سيجلب الرضا أوالانسجام المطلوب في المجتمع. هل وجود الإسلاميين في السلطة سيعوق التحول إلى الديمقراطية؟ هل لديهم القدرة على حل القضايا أو المشاكل الملحة الراهنة؟ وبأي ثمن؟ وما الذي يحدد الثمن المعقول؟ والأهم من ذلك، إذا لا يوجد ترحيب بهذه الحركات الإسلامية، يجب أن يكون الشعب حذر لمنع الأسباب التي أدت لظهورهم. فبعد تعرضهم للاضطهاد على مدى عقود، يحرص الإسلاميون على البقاء في السلطة.</p>
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:right;">يتحقق الانسجام فقط عندما يكون النظام الحاكم ناجح على حد سواء في الحفاظ على الأمن والاستقرار، بالإضافة إلى تلبية الاحتياجات الأساسية للشعب. في حالة مصر، يعد السبب الرئيسي وراء وصول الإخوان المسلمين إلى السلطة هو أنهم منظمين سياسياً، فهم يتصرفون كمنظمة وليس كأفراد. فالوحدة السياسية ضرورية لضمان تحقيق واستمرار النجاح السياسي، والذي يسير جنباً إلى جنب مع التنمية الاقتصادية والرخاء. فلا يمكن للاقتصاد أن يزدهر في بيئة متقلبة سياسياً حيث يصبح الحكم متوتر بشكل كبير.</p>
<br />Filed under: <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-19th-annual-conference/'>ERF 19th Annual Conference</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-annual-conference/'>ERF Annual Conference</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-events/'>ERF Events</a> Tagged: <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/development/'>development</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/economic-development/'>economic development</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/egypt/'>egypt</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/erf/'>erf</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/erf2013/'>erf2013</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/islamist-parties/'>Islamist parties</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/mena-region/'>mena region</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/political-islam/'>political islam</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/erfblog.wordpress.com/1108/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/erfblog.wordpress.com/1108/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=erfblog.org&#038;blog=20638481&#038;post=1108&#038;subd=erfblog&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" /><div class="feedflare">
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		<item>
		<title>Comparative Economic Performance in Islamist-Governed Countries</title>
		<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/erfannualconference/~3/trT1KSYmFkU/</link>
		<comments>http://erfblog.org/2013/03/04/erf-19th-annual-conference-report-plenary-session-2-comparative-economic-performance-in-islamist-governed-countries/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 2013 14:20:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Zeinab Sabet</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[ERF 19th Annual Conference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ERF Annual Conference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ERF Events]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arab uprising]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economic development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Economic performance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[egypt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[erf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[erf2013]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Islamist parties]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MENA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political islam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tunisia]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://erfblog.org/?p=1064</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Following up on yesterday’s discussions on The Causes of the Arab Uprisings and the Rationale for the Rise of Islamist Parties to Power, the focus of the second plenary session of the ERF’s 19th Annual Conference today was on the economic performance in Islamist-governed countries. Chaired by Mustapha Nabil (Former Governor, Central Bank of Tunisia and ERF), [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=erfblog.org&#038;blog=20638481&#038;post=1064&#038;subd=erfblog&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 510px"><a title="Plenary session 2 - &quot;Comparative Economic Performance in Islamist-Governed Countries&quot; by Connect2GDNet, on Flickr" href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/gdnet/8527900386/" target="_blank"><img title="Plenary session 2 - &quot;Comparative Economic Performance in Islamist-Governed Countries&quot;" alt="Plenary session 2 - &quot;Comparative Economic Performance in Islamist-Governed Countries&quot;" src="http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8110/8527900386_eb909c7192.jpg" width="500" height="333" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Plenary session 2 &#8211; &#8220;Comparative Economic Performance in Islamist-Governed Countries&#8221;</p></div>
<p style="text-align:left;">Following up on yesterday’s discussions on <a href="http://erfblog.org/2013/03/04/a-struggle-to-transit-towards-democracy-how-are-things-likely-to-evolve-in-the-arab-region/" target="_blank">The Causes of the Arab Uprisings and the Rationale for the Rise of Islamist Parties to Power</a>, the focus of the second plenary session of the <strong><a href="http://erfblog.org/category/erf-19th-annual-conference/" target="_blank">ERF’s 19th Annual Conference</a> </strong>today was on the economic performance in Islamist-governed countries.</p>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 510px"><a title="Mustapha Nabli (Former Governor, Central Bank of Tunisia &amp; ERF) by Connect2GDNet, on Flickr" href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/gdnet/8526828803/" target="_blank"><img title="Mustapha Nabli (Former Governor, Central Bank of Tunisia &amp; ERF)" alt="Mustapha Nabli (Former Governor, Central Bank of Tunisia &amp; ERF)" src="http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8391/8526828803_c879e8661e.jpg" width="500" height="333" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Mustapha Nabli (Former Governor, Central Bank of Tunisia &amp; ERF)</p></div>
<p style="text-align:left;">Chaired by<a href="http://www.erf.org.eg/cms.php?id=BOT_Nabli_Bio" target="_blank"><strong> Mustapha Nabil</strong></a> (Former Governor, <a href="http://www.bct.gov.tn/bct/siteprod/english/index1_an.jsp" target="_blank">Central Bank of Tunisia</a> and ERF), the session gathered three speakers sharing their research and perspectives about the economic performance in countries where Islamist parties took power post the uprisings.</p>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 510px"><a title="Michele Dunne (The Atlantic Council) by Connect2GDNet, on Flickr" href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/gdnet/8526982873/" target="_blank"><img title="Michele Dunne (The Atlantic Council)" alt="Michele Dunne (The Atlantic Council)" src="http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8232/8526982873_092569aee2.jpg" width="500" height="333" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Michele Dunne (The Atlantic Council)</p></div>
<p style="text-align:left;"><a href="http://www.acus.org/users/michele-dunne" target="_blank"><strong>Michele Dunne </strong></a>(<a href="http://www.acus.org/" target="_blank">The Atlantic Council</a>) presented a comparative overview of the current economic situation in Egypt and Tunisia &#8211; see <strong><a href="http://erfblog.org/2013/03/04/delivering-economic-assistance-to-arab-countries-in-political-transition/">video interview</a></strong>.</p>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 510px"><a title="Hazem El-Beblawi (Former Deputy Prime Minister, Egypt &amp; ERF) by Connect2GDNet, on Flickr" href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/gdnet/8528130702/" target="_blank"><img title="Hazem El-Beblawi (Former Deputy Prime Minister, Egypt &amp; ERF)" alt="Hazem El-Beblawi (Former Deputy Prime Minister, Egypt &amp; ERF)" src="http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8230/8528130702_40c6b64abe.jpg" width="500" height="333" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Hazem El-Beblawi (Former Deputy Prime Minister, Egypt &amp; ERF)</p></div>
<p>In his talk,<strong> Hazem El-Beblawi </strong>(Former Deputy Prime Minsiter, Egypt) focused on the post-Jan 25<sup>th</sup>’s economic problems Egypt is facing. According to him, raw natural resources are very limited; he therefore highlighted the need to introduce industrialized approach, technology being the ultimate solution.<strong> </strong></p>
<p>Finally,<a href="http://polsci.umass.edu/profiles/schwedler_jillian" target="_blank"><strong> Jillian Schwedler </strong></a>(<a href="http://www.umass.edu/" target="_blank">University of Massachusetts</a>) underlined the key challenges for economic development in Islamist-governed countries &#8211; see <strong><a href="http://erfblog.org/2013/03/04/key-challenges-for-economic-development-in-islamist-governed-countries/">video interview</a>.</strong></p>
<br />Filed under: <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-19th-annual-conference/'>ERF 19th Annual Conference</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-annual-conference/'>ERF Annual Conference</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-events/'>ERF Events</a> Tagged: <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/arab-uprising/'>Arab uprising</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/development/'>development</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/economic-development/'>economic development</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/economic-performance/'>Economic performance</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/egypt/'>egypt</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/erf/'>erf</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/erf2013/'>erf2013</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/islamist-parties/'>Islamist parties</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/mena/'>MENA</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/political-islam/'>political islam</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/tunisia/'>tunisia</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/erfblog.wordpress.com/1064/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/erfblog.wordpress.com/1064/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=erfblog.org&#038;blog=20638481&#038;post=1064&#038;subd=erfblog&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" /><div class="feedflare">
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		<media:content url="http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8110/8527900386_eb909c7192.jpg" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Plenary session 2 - "Comparative Economic Performance in Islamist-Governed Countries"</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8391/8526828803_c879e8661e.jpg" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Mustapha Nabli (Former Governor, Central Bank of Tunisia &amp; ERF)</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8232/8526982873_092569aee2.jpg" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Michele Dunne (The Atlantic Council)</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8230/8528130702_40c6b64abe.jpg" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Hazem El-Beblawi (Former Deputy Prime Minister, Egypt &amp; ERF)</media:title>
		</media:content>
	<feedburner:origLink>http://erfblog.org/2013/03/04/erf-19th-annual-conference-report-plenary-session-2-comparative-economic-performance-in-islamist-governed-countries/</feedburner:origLink></item>
		<item>
		<title>Delivering economic assistance to Arab countries in political transition</title>
		<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/erfannualconference/~3/86HNCze2ycQ/</link>
		<comments>http://erfblog.org/2013/03/04/delivering-economic-assistance-to-arab-countries-in-political-transition/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 2013 14:09:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Pier Andrea Pirani</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[ERF 19th Annual Conference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ERF Annual Conference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ERF Events]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arab uprising]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economic development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[erf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[erf2013]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[transition]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://erfblog.org/?p=1084</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Michele Dunne, Director of the Atlantic Council&#8217;s Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East spoke in the second plenary session at the 2013 ERF Annual Conference. In the video below, Dunne reflects on the key issues she thinks are important to address when it comes to economic development of the Arab countries undergoing the current political transition [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=erfblog.org&#038;blog=20638481&#038;post=1084&#038;subd=erfblog&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><a href="http://twitter.com/MicheleDDunne" target="_blank">Michele Dunne</a></strong>, Director of the Atlantic Council&#8217;s <a title="Hariri Middle East Center" href="http://www.acus.org/program/hariri-middle-east-center">Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East</a> spoke in the second plenary session at the <a href="http://erfblog.org/category/erf-19th-annual-conference/" target="_blank">2013 ERF Annual Conference</a>.</p>
<p><span style="font-size:13px;line-height:19px;">In the video below, Dunne reflects on the key issues she thinks are important to address when it comes to<strong> economic development</strong> of the Arab countries undergoing the current political transition towards democracy.</span></p>
<span class='embed-youtube' style='text-align:center; display: block;'><iframe class='youtube-player' type='text/html' width='500' height='312' src='http://www.youtube.com/embed/Xlv8FbkCIaI?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;wmode=transparent' frameborder='0'></iframe></span>
<p><span id="more-1084"></span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size:13px;line-height:19px;">According to Dunne, Egypt and Tunisia are facing <strong>economic, security and political crises</strong>, all intertwined. So far, the international community has not been able to find ways to deliver meaningful economic assistance in light of the ongoing political turmoil. Tunisia and Egypt, while taking different paths on their political transitions are now coming to a similar point: both have a lot of political polarization between Islamist and non Islamist and difficulties in addressing their economic and security challenges because of a lack of political consensus.</span></p>
<p>Her advise goes primarily to the US Government and the international community: &#8220;we as outsiders should interest ourselves not in a particular person who is in power or out of power but rather in the <strong>development of sound democratic systems</strong>, <strong>sound economic policies</strong>, <strong>responsible foreign policies</strong>; and we need to find the way to <strong>provide economic support</strong> and <strong>facilitate the investments</strong> needed to support the economies that are going through this difficult political transitions.&#8221;</p>
<br />Filed under: <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-19th-annual-conference/'>ERF 19th Annual Conference</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-annual-conference/'>ERF Annual Conference</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-events/'>ERF Events</a> Tagged: <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/arab-uprising/'>Arab uprising</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/economic-development/'>economic development</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/erf/'>erf</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/erf2013/'>erf2013</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/transition/'>transition</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/erfblog.wordpress.com/1084/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/erfblog.wordpress.com/1084/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=erfblog.org&#038;blog=20638481&#038;post=1084&#038;subd=erfblog&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" /><div class="feedflare">
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			<media:title type="html">Pier Andrea Pirani</media:title>
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		<item>
		<title>Key Challenges for Economic Development in Islamist-Governed Countries</title>
		<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/erfannualconference/~3/vj3qORvG9Qw/</link>
		<comments>http://erfblog.org/2013/03/04/key-challenges-for-economic-development-in-islamist-governed-countries/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 2013 13:39:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Pier Andrea Pirani</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[ERF 19th Annual Conference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ERF Annual Conference]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ERF Events]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economic development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[erf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[erf2013]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Islamist parties]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Jillian Schwedler from the University of Massachusetts spoke in the second plenary session at the 2013 ERF Annual Conference. After the session, we caught up with her and recorded this short video, to capture the key points of her presentation. Schwedler focuses on what she thinks are the three key issues that Islamist parties are facing in relation [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=erfblog.org&#038;blog=20638481&#038;post=1061&#038;subd=erfblog&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><a href="http://polsci.umass.edu/profiles/schwedler_jillian" target="_blank"><strong>Jillian Schwedler</strong></a> from the <a href="http://polsci.umass.edu/" target="_blank">University of Massachusetts</a> spoke in the second plenary session at the <a href="http://erfblog.org/category/erf-19th-annual-conference/">2013 ERF Annual Conference</a>. After the session, we caught up with her and recorded this short video, to capture the key points of her presentation.</div>
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<div>Schwedler focuses on what she thinks are the<strong> three key issues that Islamist parties are facing in relation to economic development</strong>.</div>
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<div>First, these Isalmist parties are operating in an <strong>unstable institutional environment</strong>, where institutions are not clear, not well established, and where power is volatile. In this context of general instability, the policy-making process is very difficult.</div>
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<div>The second challenge that Schwedler identifies is the challenge of <strong>organized labour:</strong> millions of people raising economic grievances where part of the Arab upraising and this can&#8217;t be ignored; especially because protesters are not afraid to go back on the streets when they see that their demands for employment are not met.</div>
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<div>Finally the third challenge according to Schwedler is that ruling Islamist parties are pulled in <strong>different directions within the parties themselves</strong>.  For example, a very organized business wing free market oriented is opposed by Salafis which are demanding a stronger role for the state.</div>
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<div>Of these three challenges, Schwedler indicates that <strong>only the third one has to do with substantive issues of Islam</strong>, while the other two are normally present in any post revolutionary situation. Therefore she concludes that we should compare these governments, new regimes and new parties with other new parties in comparable institutional context and &#8220;let the Islam question come in later, rather than starting with the question that they are Islamist and what&#8217;s going to be problematic about them from that perspective.&#8221;</div>
<br />Filed under: <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-19th-annual-conference/'>ERF 19th Annual Conference</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-annual-conference/'>ERF Annual Conference</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/category/erf-events/'>ERF Events</a> Tagged: <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/economic-development/'>economic development</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/erf/'>erf</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/erf2013/'>erf2013</a>, <a href='http://erfblog.org/tag/islamist-parties/'>Islamist parties</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/gocomments/erfblog.wordpress.com/1061/"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://feeds.wordpress.com/1.0/comments/erfblog.wordpress.com/1061/" /></a> <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=erfblog.org&#038;blog=20638481&#038;post=1061&#038;subd=erfblog&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" /><div class="feedflare">
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