EDUCATION BOOKS

Network AND the internet

2011-09-02T07:38:00.000-07:00

A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together , often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media. When a computer connects to a network, it is online.
Networks allow computers to share resources, such as hardware, software,data and information. Sharing resources save time and money . In many networks , one or more computers act as server. The server controls access to the resources on a network. The others computer on the network, each called a client or workstation,request resources from the server (Figure1-6). The major differences between the server and client computers are that the server ordinarily has more power, more storage space,and expanded communications capabilities.
Many homes and most businesses and schools network their computers and devices. Most allow users to connect their computers wirelessly to the network. Home networks usually are small existing within a single structure. Business and school networks can be small , such as in a room or building ,or widepread, connecting computers across a city, country , or the globe. The worlds largest computer network is the internet.

Figure 1-6 A server manages the resources on a network , and clients access the resources on the server. This network enables three separate computers to share the same printer,one wirelessly.The Internet For Dummies

The role of system software

2011-08-30T20:44:00.000-07:00

System" software serves as the interface between the user, the application software , and the computers hard ware (figure 3-2). To use application software , such as a word processing program, your computer must be running system software--- specifically , an operting system . Four personal computer operating systems are windows vista, windows xp, linux, and Mac os X.

Each time u start a computer , the operating system is loaded (copied ) from the computers hand disk in to memory . Once the operating system is loaded, it coordinates all the activities of the computer. This includes starting data among input and output devices and memory. while the computer is running , the operating system remain in memory.

Figre 3-2 auser dose not communicate directly with the computer hardware. Instead system software is the interface between the user, the application software, and the hardware. For example , when a user instructs the application software to print , the application software sends the print instruction to the system software , which in turn sends the print instruction to the hardware. Microsoft Windows XP Professional Full Version with SP2

Public -Domain Software

2011-08-29T20:33:00.000-07:00

Public –domian software has been donted for public use and has no copy right restrictions. Anyone can copy or distribute public-domain sotware to others at no cost.

Thousands of shareware,freeware, and public –domain programs are available on the internet for users to downoad . Examples include "communications programs, "graphics programs, and games. These programs usually have fewer capabilities than retail programs.

After you purchase or" download software, you install it . During installation, The program may ask you to register and /or activate the software. Registering the software is optional and usually involves submitting your name and other personal information to the software manufacturer or developer . Registering the software often entitles you to products support. Prouduct activation is a technique that some software manufacturers use to ensure the software is not installed on more computersthat legally licensed. Usually , the "software dose not funcation or has limited functionality until you activate it via internet or telephones. Thus activation is a requierd process for programs requesting it. Registering and /or activating the software also usually entitles you to free program updates for a specified time period , such as a year. Fair Game

Freeware

2011-08-29T20:29:00.000-07:00

Freeware is copy righted software provided at no cost by an individual or a company that retains all rights to the software. Thus, programmers typically cannot incorporate freeware in applications they intend to sell. The word ,free ,in freeware indicates the software has no charge.

Shareware

2011-08-29T20:26:00.000-07:00

Shaweware is copyrighted software that is distributed at no cost for a trial period. TO use a shareware program beyond that period, you send payment to the program developer. Shareware developers trust users to send payment if software use extends beyond the stated trial period in some cases, a scaled down version of the software distributed free , and payment entitles the user to the fully functionalproduct.Microsoft Office 2010 Home & Student (Disc Version)

Open source software

2011-08-29T20:23:00.000-07:00

Open source software is software provided for use , modifiction,and redistribution . this software has restrictions from the copy right holder regarding modification of the softwares internal instructions and its redistribution Open source softwares usually can be downloaded rom the internet, often at no cost.Adobe Photoshop Elements 9 (Win/Mac)

Web-based Software

2011-08-28T18:21:00.000-07:00

Webbased software refers to programs hosted by a web site . Users access and interact with web based software for any computer or device that is connected to the internet. Many websites provide free access to their programs; some chagre a fee . Types of webbased software include email, word processing , tax preparation , and games programs. Web based programs are discussed in more depth later in the chapter.BLIND FAITH

Four Categories of Application Software (and some popular utility programs)

2011-08-28T17:37:00.000-07:00

1 Bussiness	2Graphics and Multimedia	3Home/personal/educational
Word processing	Computer-Aided Desin (CAD)	Software suite (for personal use)
Spreadsheet	Desktop publishing (for the professional)	Personal finance
Database	Paint/image editing (for the professional)	Legal
Presentation Graphics	Photo editing (fot the professional)	Tax preparation
Note taking	Video and audio editing	Desktop publishing (for the personal use)
Personal information manger(pim)	For the professional)	Paint/image editing (for the personal use)
Personal mobile device business Software	Multimedia Suthoring	Photo editing and photo management (for personal use)
Software suite	webpageAuthroing	Clip Art/image Gallery
Project managemant		Video and audio editing (for personal use)
Accounting		Home design/land scaping
Document management		Travel and mapping
Enterprise computing		Reference and educational
		Entertainment

Communication

Webbrowsre	Email	Instant messaging	chat room	Text messaging
Rss aggregator	Blogging	Newsgroup/message borad	ftp	Volp
Video conferencing

Popularr utility programs

Antivirus. personalfirewall. spyware remover .internet filters . file manger.file compression.back up. Media player. Cd/dvd burning. Personal computer maintenance.HDMI Cable 2M (6 Feet)

Careers

2011-08-26T10:06:00.000-07:00

In search of the perfect job

Web helps career hunt

While your teachers give you valuable training to prepare you for a career, they rarely teach you how to begin that career. You can broaden your horizons by searching the internet for career information and job openings.

First , examine some of the job search web sites. These resources list thousands of openings in hundreds of fields , companies, and locations. For example , the u.s. department of labor web sites, shown in figure 27 , allow you to find information for different types of jobs. This information may include the training and education required , salary data , working conditions , job descriptions , and more. In addition, many companies advertise careers on their websites.

When a company contacts you for an interview, learn as much about it and the industry as possible before the interview . Many of the web sites listed in figure 28 include detailed company profiles and links to their corporate web sites.

Figure 27 The occupational outlook handbook provides career information to those searching for jobs.

Career Web Sites

Job search	Web Address
Bestjobsusa	Bestjobsusa.com
Careerbuilder	Careerbuilder.com
Careernet	Careerbuilder.com
Careerxchange	Careerxchange.com
Collage grad job hunter	Collagegrad.com
The Employment guide	Employmentguide.com
Job	Job.com
Job bank usa	Jobbankusa.com
Jobweb	Jobweb.com
Monster	Monster.com
Spherion	Spherion.com
Usajobs	Usajobs.opm.gov
Volunteermatch	Volunteermatch.org
Yahoo!hot jobs	Hotjobs.yahoo.com
Company/ Industry information	Web Address
Career resource center	Resourcecenter.com
Forbes	Forbes.com/leadership/careers
Fortune	Fortune.com
Hoovers	Hoovers.com
Occupational outlook handbook	Stats.bls.gov/oco

Figure 28 career web sites provide a variety of job openings and information about major companies worldwide.Apple iPad 2 MC769LL/A Tablet (16GB, Wifi, Black) NEWEST MODEL

Health

2011-08-26T08:54:00.000-07:00

no pain, All Gain

Store personal health rcords Online

More than 70 million consumers use the internet yearly to search for health information, so using the web to store personal medical data is a natural extension of the internets capabilities . internet health service and portals are available to store your personal health history ,including prescriptions, lab test result , doctor visits , allergies, and immunizations. Web sites such as medlineplus (figure 25) provide free health information to consumers.

In minutes, you can register with a health websites by choosing a user name and password . Then , you create a record to enter your medical history. You also can store data for your emergency contacts, primary care physicians, specialists , blood type , cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and insurance plan. No matter where you are in the world , you and medical personnel can obtain records via the internet or fax machine. Some popular online health database management systems are shown in figure 26.

Figure 25 The medline plus website provides health information from the u.s national library of medicine and the national institutes of health.

Health Web sites

Medical History	Web Address
PersonalMD	Personalmd.com
Practice solutions	Practicesolutions.ca
Records for living , inc--- personal health and living management	Recordforliving.com
Webmd	Webmd.com
General health	Web Address
Centers of disease control and prevention	cdc.gov
Family doctor	Familydoctor.org
Healthfinder	Healthfinder.govgoogle.com
Healthweb	Healthweb.org
Medical library association consumer and patient health information section (CAPHIS)	Caphis.mlanet.org/consumer
Medlineplus	Medlineplus.gov
Pec: health and nutrition websites	Pecentral.org/websites/healthsites.html
Physical activity guidelines	Health.gov/paguidelines

Figure 26 These health websites allow you to organize your medical iformation and syore it in an online database and also obtain information about a variety of medical conditions and treatments.A Brief History of Disease, Science and Medicine

Arts and Literature

2011-08-26T08:46:00.000-07:00

Find some culture

Get Ready to read , paint and dance

Brush up your knowledge of Shakespeare, grab a canvas, and put on your dancing shoes. Visual arts and literature web sites, including those in figure 29, are about to sweep you off your cyberfeet.

Arts and Literature web sites

Arts	Web Address
Accessplace	Accessplace.com/arts.htm
Arts news ---absolutearts	Absolutearts.com
The children’s Museun of Indianapolis	Childrenmuseum.org
Gallery guide	Galleryguide.com
The getty	Getty.edu
Louvre museum	Louvre.fr
Montreal museum of fine arts	Mmfa.qc.ca
The museum of online museums	Coudal.com/moon
Virtual library museums pages(vlmp)	Vlmp.museophile.com
Literature	Web Address
Bartleby	Bartleby.com
Bibliomania	Bibliomania.com
The complete review	Complete-review.com
Fantastic fiction	Fantasticfiction.co.uk
Literary history	Literaryhistory.com
The modern library e book list	Randomhouse.com/modernlibrary/ebookslist.html
Project Gutenberg	Gutenberg.org

Figure 29 Discver culture throughout the world by visiting these arts and literature web sites.

The full text of hundreds of books is available online from the bibliomania and project Gutenberg web sites .The complete review provides summaries, reviews, and web link about a variety of books and their authors . The bartleby web site features biographies, definitions, quotations , dictionaries, and indexes.

When you are ready to absorb more culture, you can turn to various art web sites .many museums have images of their collections online . Among them are the getty museum in los angeles (figure 30), the montreal museum of fine Arts , and the louvre museum in paris.

The accessplace web site focuses on the arts and humanities and provides fascinating glimpses into the worlds of dance , music , performance, cinema , and other topics pertaining to creative expression.

Figure 30 Permanent and temporary exhibitions, educational activities , and a bookstore are featured on the getty museum web site.9.7" Touchpad 16GB WiFi 1.2GHz

Science

2011-08-26T02:09:00.000-07:00

E=mc2

Rocket science on the web

For some people , space exploration is a hobby. Building and launching model rockets allow these at – home scientists to participate in exploring the great frontier of space . For others , space exploration is their life . Numerous web sites, Including those in figure 23 , provide in depth information about the universe.

Science Web Sites

Perlodicals	Webaddress
Archaeology	Archaeology.org
Astronomy Magazine	Astronomy.com
New Scientist	Newsscientist.com
Oceanlink	Oceanlink.island.net
Science Magazine	Sciencemag.org
Scientific American	Sciam.com
Resource	Web Address
Department of education and early child hood development, Victoria, Australia	www.education.vic.gov.au
National science foundation (NSF)	Nsf.gov
	Science.gov:usa.gov for science
Science.gov	Thomson
Scientific	Scientific.thomson.com/free/
Science Community	Web Address
American sciencetist the magazine of sigmaxi, the scientist research society	Amsci.org
Federation of American scientists	Fas.org
Nasa	www.nasa.gov
Sigmaxi,the scientific research society	Sigmaxi.org

Figure 23 Resources available on the internet offer a wide range of subjects for enthusiasts who want to deive info familiar and inknown territories in the world of science.

Nasa’s Astronaut flight lounge website contains information about rockets , the space shuttle , and communications. Other science resource explore space related questions about astronomy , physics , the earth sciences , microgravity, and robotics.

Rockets and space are not the only areas to explore in the world of science . where can u find the latest picture taken with the hubble space telescope ? do u know which cities experienced an earthquake today? Have you ever wondered what a 3-d model of the amina acid glutamine looks like? You can find the answers to these questions and many others through the science . gov web site (science .gov) shown in figure 24.

Figure 24 The science .gov website provides easy access to the information in various federal science databases.The Help

Learning

2011-08-25T09:22:00.000-07:00

Yearn To Learn

Discover New Worlds Online

While u may believe education ends when u finally graduate from collage , learning is a lifelong process. U can increase your technological knowledge by visiting several websites (Figure 21) with tutorials about building your own websites, the latest news about the internet , and resources for visually impaired users.

Enhancing your culinary skills can be a rewarding endeavor. No matter if u are a gourmet chef or a week end cook, you will be cooking in style with the help of online resources , including those listed in figure 21.

Have u ever wondered how to make a key lime pie? How about learning how to cook same easy , low – calories Recipe center website (figure 22) is filled with information related to recipes.

Learning Web Sites

Learning How To’s	Web Address
Bartleby: Great Books online	Bartleby.com
Blue Web’n	www.kn.pacbell.com/wired/bluewebn
Cbt nuggets	Cbtnuggets.com
How Stuff Works	Howstuffworks.com
Internet public library	Ipl.org
Learn the net	Learnthenet.com
ScienceMaster	Sciencemaster.com
Search engine watch	Searchengine watch.com
Wireguide	Wireguide.com
Cooking	Web Address
Betty crocker	Bettycrocker.com
Recipecenture	recipecenture.com

Figure 21 The information gleaned from these websites can help you learn about many aspects of our existence.

Figure 22 The recipe center website provides access to more than 100,000 recipes , as well as software to help manage your recipes.Dexter: The Fifth Season

Weather, Sports, and News

2011-08-24T21:05:00.000-07:00

What’s News?

Weather ,sports, and news sites Score Big Hits

Rain or Sun? Hot or cold? Weather is the leading online news item, with at least 10,000 websites devoted to this field . Millions of people view the WX sites (figure19) each month.

Baseball may b the national pastime , but sports aficionados yearn for everything from auto racing to cricket . The internet has more than one million pages of multimedia sports news, entertainment , and merchandise.

The internet has emerged as a major sources for news, with one –third of Americans going online at least once a week and 15 percent going online daily for reports of major news events. Many of these viewers are using Really Simple Syndication (RSS) Technology to b notified when news stories about their favorite topics are available on the internet. Popular weathers,sports, and news web sites are listed in figure 20.

Figure 19 Local, national , and international weather conditions and details about breaking weather stories are available on WX.

Weather, Sports , and News Web Sites

Weather	Web Address
Infoplease Weather	Infoplease.com/weather.html
Intellicast	Intellicast.com
National Weather Service	www.crh,noaa.gov
Storemfax	Storemfax.com
The weather channel	Weather.com
Wx	Wx.com
Sports	Web Address
Cbs sports line	Cbs.sportsline.com
Espn	Espn.com
Ncaasports	Ncaasports.com
Official website of the Olympic movement	Oympic.org
Sirc---Aworld of sport information	Sirc.ca
Sporting news radio	Radio.sportingnews.com
News	Web Address
Google news	News.google.com
Msnbc	Msnbc.com
New York post online eition	nypost.com
Online news papers	Onlinenewspapers.com
Privacy	Privacy.org
Silliconvalley	Silliconvalley.com
Starting page	Startpage.com/html/news/.html
Usa today	Usa today.com
Washington post	Washingtonpost.com

Figure 20 Keep informed about the latest weather, sports, and news events with these websites.Prequel to Let's Kill Hitler

Shopping and Auctions

2011-08-24T07:22:00.000-07:00

Bargains Galore

Let Your Mouse Do Your Shopping

From groceries to clothing to computers, you can buy just about every thing you need just afew click of your mouse . Electronic retailers (e-tailers) are cashing in on cybershoppers’ purchases . Books , computer software and hard ware and music are the hottest commodities.

The two categories of internet shopping web sites are those with physical counterparts, sch as Wal- Mart and best buy , and those with only a web presence , such as Amazon and buy (figure17). Popular web shopping sites are listed in figure 18.

Another method of shopping for the items u need . and may be some of u really do not need , is to visit auction websites, including those listed in figure 18 . Categories include antiques and collectibles, automotive , computers electronics, music, sports card and memorabilia , and toys . Online auction websites can offer unusual items , including star wars props and memorabilia and a round of golf with tiger woods . Ebay is one of thousands of internet auction websites and is the world largest personal online trading community.

Figure 17 Buy is a popular electronic retailer that sells a variety of products.

Shopping and Auctions web sites

Auctions

Web Address

Craigslist

Sotheby’s

eBay

uBid

u.S treasury ---seized property Auctions

Ustreas.gov/auctions

Books and Music

Web Address

amazon

Amazon.com

Barnes&noble

Bn.com

Bookfinder

Bookfinder.com

Computers and Eletronics

Web Address

Best buy

Bestbuy.com

Buy

Buy.com

Crutchfield

Crutchfield.com

Miscellaneous

Web Address

Drugstore

Drugstore.com

Google product search

Google.com/products

Sharper image

Sharperimage.com

Wal-mart

Walmart.com

Figure 18 making online purchases can help ease the burden of driving to and fighting the crowds in local malls.FB454UT Smartbuy TouchPad QUALCOMM Snapdragon APQ8060 1.2 GHz 802.11 a/b/g/n Wireless 9.7" IPS TFT 1GB RAM 16GB

Government

2011-08-22T21:00:00.000-07:00

Stamp of Approval

Making a federal case for useful information

Where it is time buy stumps to mall your correspondence you no longer need to wait in long lines at your local post office . The U.S postal service has authorized several corporations to sell stamps online.

You can recognize U.S Government websites on the internet by their .gov top-level domain abbreviation. For example, The library of congress websites is loc.gov. government and military websites offer a wide range of information . The time service department websites will provide you with the correct time if you are looking for a federal document, Fedworld (figure 15 )lists thousands of documents distributed by the government on its website. For access to the names of your congressional representatives, visit the extensive Hieros Gamos website . Figure 16 shows some of the more popular U.S government Websites.

Figure 15 The Fedworld website contains a wealth of information disseminated by the federal government.

Government Resources Websites

Postage	Wed Address
Endicia	Endicia.com
Pitney bowes	Pb.com
Stamps.com	Stamps.com
Government	Web Address
Fedworld	www.fedworld.gov
Hieros gamos ---world legal directories	Hg.or
The library og congress	Loc.org
National Agricultures library	Nal.usda.gov
Smithsonian institution	Smithsonian.org
Thomas(Libray of congress)	Thomas.loc.gov
Time service department	Tycho.usno.navy.mill
U.S department of education	Ed.gov
United States department of the treasury	Treas.gov
U.S government printing office	www.access.gpo.gov
United states national library of medicine	Mln.nih.gov
United states patent and trade mark office	Uspto.gov
USA jobs	Usajobs.opm.gov
The white House	Whitehouse.gov

Figure 16 These websites offer information about buying U.S Approved postage online and researching federal agencies.Kindle 3G, Free 3G + Wi-Fi, 3G Works Globally, Graphite, 6" Display with New E Ink Pearl Technology - includes Special Offers & Sponsored Screensavers

Finance

2011-08-22T10:59:00.000-07:00

Money Matters

Cashing in on Financial Advice

You can mange your money with advice from financial websites that offer online banking , tax help personal finance , and small business and commercial services.

If you do not have personal banker or a financial planner, consider a web adviser to guide your investment decisions. The yahoo! Finance web site figure 13 provides financial news and investment information.

If you are ready to ride the ups and downs of the NASDAQ and the dow, an abundance of websites listed in figure 14 , including reuters and Morningstar, can help you pick companies that fit your interests and financial needs.

Claiming to be the fastest , easiest tax publication on the planet , the internal revenue service website contains procedures for filling tax appeals and contains IRS forms, publication, and Legal regulations.

Finance Websites

Advice and Education	Web Address
Bankrate	Bankrate.com
Leadingtree	Leadingtree.com
Loan.com	Loan.com
The Mostely fool	Fool.com
msn money	Moneycentral.msn.com
Wells Fargo	Wellsfargo.com
Yahoo! Finance	Finance.yahoo.com
Stock Market	Web Address
Aig Valic	Valic.com
E*trade Financial	Us.etrade.com
Financial Engines	Financialengines.com
Merrill Lynch Direct	Misdirect.ml.com
Morningstar	Morningstar.com
Reuters	Reuters.com/investing
Vanguard	Vanguard.com
Taxes	Web Address
H&R block	Hrblock.com
Internal revenue service	Irs.gov
Jack Hewitt	Jacksonhewitt.com
Liberty tax service	Libertytax.com

Figure14 Financial resources websites offer general information , stock market analyses, and tax advice , as well as guidance and money-saving tips.

Figure 13Yahoo ! Finance website contains features related to financing a collage Education.Dell D600 Laptop (1.6ghz, 40 GB Hard Drive, DVD/CD-RW)

Environment

2011-08-22T08:00:00.000-07:00

The future of the Planet

Making a Difference for Earth

From the rain forests of Africa to the marine life in the pacific Ocean, the fragile ecosystem in under extreme stress. Many environmental groups have developed websites, including those listed in Figure 11 , in attempts to educate worldwide populations and to increase resource conservation . The New American Dream Web sites (Figure 12)contains informations for people who would like to help safeguard the environment.

On an international scale , the environmental sites on the internet webpage developed by the royal institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, has been rated as one of the better ecological websites . Its comprehensive listing of environmental concerns range form aquatic ecology to wetlands.

The U.S federal government has a number of websites devoted to specific environmental protections Agency (EPA) provides pollution data , including ozone levels and air pollutants, for specific areas. Its Airdata websites displays air pollution emissions and monitoring data from the entire United States and is the World’s most extensive collection of air pollution data.

Environment web sites

Name	Web Address
Central African Regionl Program for the Environment(CARPE)	Carpe.umd.edu
Earthjustice	Earthjustice.org
Earth treands: Environmental information	Earthtrends.wri.org
Evironmental Defense	Edf.org
Environmental sites on the internet	www.ima.kth.se/envsite/envsite.htm Environment Environment
Epa Air Data---Access to Air Pollution Data	Epa.gov/air/data
Global warning	Globalwarning.org
Greennet	Gn.apc.org
New Amrican Dream	Newdream.org
University of wiscnsin	Uwm.edu/dept
USGS Acid rain data and reports	Bqs.usgs.gov/acidrain
World-wide web	Ou.edu/cas/botany-micro/www-vl.com

Figure 11 environment web sites provide vast resources for ecological data and action groups

Figure 12 A visit to new American Dream web site provides information about supporting the environment .

Travel

2011-08-22T05:38:00.000-07:00

Get packing!

Explore the World without Leaving Home

When you are ready to arrange your next travel adventure or just want to explore destination possibilities , the internet provides ample resources to set your plans in motions. To discover exactly where your destination is on this planet , cartography websites , including map quest and maps.com allow you to pinpoint your destination . View your exact destination using satellite imagery with Google maps (figure 9)and live search maps.

Some good starting places are general travel web sites such as expedia travel, cheap tickets and Travelocity. Many air line website allow you to reserve hotel rooms and rental cars while booking a flight . these all encompassing websites , including those in figure 10 have tools to help you find the lowest price and details on flights, car rentals , cruises , and hotels.

Travel Web Sites

General Travel	Web Address
Cheap Tickets	Cheaptickets.com
Expedia Travel	Expedia.com
Kayak	Kayak.com
Sidestep	Sidestep.com
Travelocity	Travelocity.com
Cartography	Web Address
Google Maps	Maps.google.com
Live search maps	Local.live.com
Mapquest	Mapquest.com
Maps.com	Maps.com
Travel And City Guides	Web Address
Frommers travel guides	Frommer.com
Greatest cities	Greatestcities.com
u.s.-parks us national parks and monuments travel guide	Us-park.com
Virtual tourist	Virtualtourist.com

Figure 10 these travel resource websites offer travel information to exciting destinations throughout the world.

Apple iMac MC508LL/A 21.5-Inch Desktop

Figure 9 Google maps provide location information and satellite for many regions on this planet.

Online social networks and media Sharing

2011-08-20T22:58:00.000-07:00

Check out my new photos

Online social networks and media sharing websites more popular then ever

Do you ever wonder what your friends are doing? What about your friends’ friends? The popularity of online social networks has increased dramatically in recent years . Online social networks, such as those listed in Figure1, allow you to create a personalized profile that others are able to view online. These profiles may include information about you such as your home town , your age , your hobbies ,and pic tures. You also may create link to your friends, pages, post messages for individual friends, or bulletins for all your friends to see. Online social networks are great places not only to keep intouch with your friends and meet new friends !

If you like to post picture and videos and do not require the full funcationality of an online social networks, you might consider a media sharing website, which is a type of online social networks. Media sharing websites such as youtube (figure2) and phanfare allow you to post media , including photos and videos , for other to view , print, and /or download media sharing websites, which may be free or charge a fee, provide a quick, efficient way to share photos of your last vacation or videos of your family reunion.

Online social networks and media sharing

Online social networks	Wed address
Aim pages social networks	Aimpages.com
Club penguin	Clubpenguin.com
Facebook	Facebook.com
My space—a place for friends	Myspace.com
Media sharing	Web Address
Flicker	Flicker.com
Myphotoalbum	Myphotoaalbum.com
Phanfare	Phanfare.com
Picasa web albums	Picasa.com
Shutterfly*shutterfully studio	Shutterfly.com
Twango	Twango.com
Yahoo!video	Video.yahoo.com
Youtube.com	Youtube.com

Figure 1 Online social networks and media sharing web sites are popular ways to keep in touch with friends, meet new people, and share media.

Figure 2 the youtube website features videos about current events, hobbies , musicians, and political issues.

Blogs

2011-08-20T21:45:00.000-07:00

Express Yourself

Blogosphere Growing Swiftly

Internet users are feeling the need to publish their views, and they are finding weblogs, or blog for short , the ideal vehicle . The blogosphere began as an easy way for idealviduals to express their opinions on the web. Today , this communication vehicle has become a powerful tool, for individuals, group , and advertise their products. It is not necessary to have a back ground in web desing to be able to post to a blog.

Bloggers generally update their web sites frequently to reflect their views. Their post range from a paragraph to an entire easy and often contain links to other websites . The more popular blogs discuss politics, lifestyles, and technology.

Individuals easily may setup a blog free or for a fee, using websites such as blogger cooeey , and typepad. In addition, online social networks may have a built in blogging feature. Be cautious of the information you post on your blog, especially if it accessible to everyone online.

Corporate blogs, such as the gm fast lane blogs, discuss all aspects of the company ‘s products, whereas all encompassing blogs such as the metafilter Community weblog and others in Figure , are designed to keep general readers entertained and informed.

Blogs are affecting the manner in which people communicate , and some experts predict they will one day become our primary method of sharing information.

Blogs Web Sites

Blog	Web Address
A list apart	Allistapart.com
Blog.com	Blog.com
Blog flux	Topsites.blogflux.com
Blogger	Blogger.com
Bloglines	Bloglines.com
Blogstream	Blogstream.com
Boing boing: a directory of wonderful things	Boingboing.net
Cooeey	Cooeey.com
Davenetics*politics+media+musings	Davenetics.com
Geek news central	Geeknewscentral.com
Gm fastlane blog	Fastlane.gmblogs.com
Kottke.org:home of the hypertext products	Kottke.org
Metafilter community weblog	Metafilter.com
Scripting news	Scripting.com
Typepad	Typepad.com

Figure These blogs offer information about technology, news, politics and entertainment.

Research

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Search And Ye Shall Find

Information on the web

A recent web usability survey conducted by the Nielsen Norman Group found that 88 percent of people who connect to the internet use a search engine as their first online action. Search engine require users to type words and phrases that characterize the information being sought .Yahoo! (Figure 3), Google , and Alta vista are some of the more popular search engines . The key to effective searching on the web is composing search queries that narrow the search results and place the most relevant websites at the top of the results list.

Keep up with latest developments by viewing online dictionaries and encyclopedias that add their collection of computer and products terms on a regular basis. Shopping for a new computer can be a daunting experience , but many online guides can help u select the components that best fit your needs and budget . If u are not confident in your ability to solve a problem alone, turn to online technical support. Web sites often provide streaming how to video lessons,tutorials and real time ware reviews price comparisons , share , technical questions and answers, and breaking technology news are found on comprehensive portals.

Research Web Sites

Research	Web Address
Aa9.com	A9.com
Alltheweb	Alltheweb.com
AltaVista	Altavista.com
Ask	Ask.com
Cnet	Cnet.com
Ehow	Ehow.com
Hotbot	Hotbot.com
Librarians’ internet index	lii.com
Google	Google.com
Pc911	Pcnineoneone.com
Switchborad	Switchboard.com
Techbargains	Techbargains.com
Webopedia	Webopedia.com
Windows live search	Live.com
Zdnet	Zdnet.com

Figure 4 web users can find information by using research websites.

Fun and Entertainment

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That’s Entertainment

Rock ‘n’ Roll on the Web

Consumers place great significance on buying entertainment products for fun and recreation. Nearly 10 % of the United States’s economy is spent on attending concerts and buying DVDs, CDs reading materials ,sporting goods , and toys.

Many websites supplement our cravings for fun and entertainment. For example , youcan see and hear the musicians inducted in the rock and roll Hall of Fame and Museum (Figure 1). If u need an update on your favorite reality based television program or a preview of an upcoming movies ,E!

Online and entertainment Tonight provide the latest features on television and movies stars . The internet movies Database contains credits and reviews of more than 849,000 titles.

Watch the surfers riding the waves in Washington and romp with pandas at the San Diego Zoo. Web cam can display live video on web pages, taking armchair travelers across the world for views of natural attractions, historical monuments, collages and cities. Many websites featuring Web cams are listed in their table in Figure2

Figure 1 Visitors exploring the rock and roll hall of fame and museum Website will find history , exhibitions, programs, and the names and particulars of the latest inductees.

Fun And Entertainment Web sites

Web cams	Web Address
AfriCam virtual Game Reserve	Africam.com
Camvista Global	Camvista.com
EarthCam ---Webcam network	Earthcam.com
Panda cam San Diego Zoo	Sandiegozoo.org
Webcam central	Camcentral.com
Discovery kids---live cams	Kids.discovery.com
Worldlive	Worldlive.cz

Entertainment	Web Address
Amg all music guide	Allmusic.com
E!Online	Eonline.com
Entertainment Weekly’sEW	Ew.com/ew
The internet movies database (IMDb)	Imdb.com
Old time radio	Otr.com
Rock and roll hall of fame	Rockhall.com
Yahoo!Entertainment	Entertainment.tv.yahoo.com

Figure 2 when you visit websites offering fun and entertainment resources . you can be both amused and informed

Making use of the web

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Information literacy is defined as having the practical skills needed to evaluate information critically from print and electronic resources and to use this information accu-rately in daily life. Locating web site may be profitable for your educational and professional careers , as the resources may help you research class assignments and make your life more fulfilling and manageable.

Because the world wide web dose not have an organizational structure to assist you in locating reliable material, you may need addl- tional resources to guide you in searching . To help you find useful websites, this Special Feature describes specific information about a variety of web pages, and it includes tables of web addresses so that you can get started. The material is organized in several areas of interest.

Areas of Interest

Fun and Entertainment	Shopping and Auctions
Research	Weather, sports , and News
Blogs	Learning
Online Social Networks and Media sharing	Science
Travel	Health
Environment	Careers
Finance	Arts and Literature
Government

Web Exercises at the end of each category will reinforce the material and help you discover websites that may add a treasure troves of knowledge to your life.

History of Communication

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The process of communication has gradually evolved from the archaic cave painting to the rapid new age communication gizmos. This is an attempt to trace back the journey…

Communication is a process that started perhaps even before we knew how to write or spell the word “communication “. Communication is perhaps dated back to the advent of life itself . What evolved from simple body language or ancient pictorial messages carved on rocks metamorphosed into rather evolved channels of communication like the telephone, television and off course th world wide web that brought the world as close as it could get! Although various complex theories and principles exist, communication can be simply defined as a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, sings , or behavior. (Obviously the term is not limited to human beings because animals have their own modes of communication tool!)

Here is an attempt to trace back the origins of communication.

Body Language: A friendly handshake , a gracious smile or even a warm hug. Body language is communication through simple body gestures. The time of emergence of body language cannot be precisely or accurately calculated or calculated. However the use of body language as means of communication has always been compared to communication modes used by animals.

Speech: The available fossil evidence hints that modern adaptations for speech appeared somewhere between 1.5 million and 500,000 years ago. The dynamics of evolution of speech acquisition is complex since it is influenced by factors like culturally transmitted sounds and genetic evolution.

Writing: The history of writing dates back to the various writing systems that evolved in the Early Bronze Age (late 4^th millennium BC) out of Neolithic proto-writing . The evolution of writing is said to have evolved from proto-writing which means pictorial messages /symbols/ scribbles that cannot be called “ actual writing “. For convenience we will classify the evolution of writing into the following sub – categories:

Symbols

Cave paintings

Of the Pyramid Texts. The Indus script developed over the third millennium . either as a form of proto- writing, or an archaic mode of writing . The Chinese script is said to have originated independently ,around the 16^th century BC.

The Alphabets: The Egytians were the first to come up with an alphabetical system around 2700 BC which consisted of 22 heiroglyphs. Each hieroglyph began with a single consonant of their language, plus a vowel (or no vowel ) to be supplied by the speaker. Initially , these glyphs were used as a guide for pronunciation of the logograms, to mark grammatical intonation and the record foreign names . This script passed on to many other civilization and inspired different alphabetical systems like the Phoenician alphabets , Arabic scripts , Hebrew, Latin alphabets , Italic alphabets, Glagolithic alphabets or the Cyrillic alphabets.

Tele-communication: The semaphore or the optical telegraph system was an apparatus for conveying information by means of visual signals. The system used towers with pivoting blade or paddles, in a matrix. Information was encoded by the position of the mechanical elements and the message can be interpreted by the position of the blade. Although the mention of the idea of a semaphore has been recored in the name of an English scientist Robert Hooke , the idea was put to practice in France during the 1700s. when an engineer called Claude Chappe covered France with a network of 556 stations over a distance of 4,800 kilometers.

Other Benchmarks in the History of Communication:

Invention of the Radio: Although the construction of the radio is based o Michael Faradays laws of electromagnetic induction, which Faraday proposed in 1831, it was William Henry ward, who implemented the principles and successfully got himself a patent for radio development in 1872.

Invention of the Telephone: Although there were several disputes surrounding the claim to the invention of the telephone . Although the Italian scientist Antonio Meucci, was acknowledged by US Congress on 11^th june 2002 for his contributions to the invention of the telephone, it is Alexander Graham Bell who patented the telephone as apparatus for transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically.

Invention of the Television: The answer is highly debated, although it is known that a Scottish inventor, John Logie Baird, was the first one to publicly demonstrate television on 26 january 1926, in his laboratory at Soho district of London. However it was an American engineer Philo Farnsworth who researched the television picture transmission and developed the dissector tube , which is the basic element of all current electronic televisions. In 1927, Philo Farnsworth became the first inventor to transmit a televisions image.

Invention of the first Computer: The first computer was called ENIAC, which is an abbreviation for Electronic Numerical integrator And Computer and was completely developed in 1945 at the lowa State University.

Invention of the Internet: The design of the Internet was formulated in 1973 and published in 1974. It took as many as ten years to bring the idea into reality and the internet was set up in 1983. Not many people know that the concept of internet was developed by an American computer scientist Vinton Cerf, as part of a project sponsored by the United States Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.

Definition of Communication :

In simple terms, communication can be defined as actions whereby ‘actors’ impart information to one another.

Communication dose not have to involve language and dose not have to be vocalized . Deaf peoples often communicate through gestures. Baby’s communicate basic wants through crying.

Communication dose not have to be intended . When we become emotionally aroused we often unintentionally communicate our intense feelings to others through subtle shifts in body language , physiological changes and even pheromones.

We used the word actors in our definition because animals can communicate with each other and with us. A cat can demand dinner just as forcefully as any human.