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	<title>willem buiter's maverecon</title>
	
	<link>http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon</link>
	<description>This blog has been archived</description>
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		<title>Πάντα ῥεῖ</title>
		<link>http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/12/%cf%80%ce%ac%ce%bd%cf%84%ce%b1-%e1%bf%a5%ce%b5%e1%bf%96/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/12/%cf%80%ce%ac%ce%bd%cf%84%ce%b1-%e1%bf%a5%ce%b5%e1%bf%96/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 01 Dec 2009 11:27:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Willem Buiter</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Economics]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/?p=8271</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>In January 2010 I will, DV, start a new career as Chief Economist at Citi.  Unlike my predecessor in that position, Lewis Alexander, who was based in New York City, I shall be based in London.</p> <p>As a consequence of this career move, Maverecon will be mothballed. That is the logical implication of brand integrity and credibility.  In Maverecon I wrote under the cover of &#8216;academic immunity&#8217; . Academics have no duty other than to state the truth as they see it &#8211; to &#8216;speak truth to power&#8217;.  This gives them the ability to be undiplomatic, blunt, tactless and outspoken in ways that are unacceptable in the wider world &#8211; the world of grown-ups.</p>]]></description>
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		<title>The intrinsic unimportance of Dubai World and the important wider message it conveys</title>
		<link>http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/11/the-intrinsic-unimportance-of-dubai-world-and-the-important-wider-message-it-conveys/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/11/the-intrinsic-unimportance-of-dubai-world-and-the-important-wider-message-it-conveys/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Nov 2009 18:08:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Willem Buiter</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ethics]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/?p=8041</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>Dubai is not systemically significant.  If its troubles open our eyes to the likely imminence of the start of the final leg of the journey from household default through bank default to sovereign default, it may do some systemic good, by alerting fiscal policy makers to the vulnerability of their nations&#8217; fiscal-financial positions, and by educating citizens and voters to the urgency of deep fiscal burden sharing.</p>]]></description>
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		<title>Polite suggestion to the Dubai sovereign that creditors of Dubai World not be bailed out</title>
		<link>http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/11/polite-sugggestion-to-the-dubai-sovereign-that-creditors-of-dubai-world-not-be-bailed-out/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/11/polite-sugggestion-to-the-dubai-sovereign-that-creditors-of-dubai-world-not-be-bailed-out/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 27 Nov 2009 00:35:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Willem Buiter</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorised]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/?p=7946</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>The markets today were in a bit of a tizzy because the Dubai World Group, a holding company owned 100 percent by Dubai&#8217;s government, and Nakheel, a wholly owned subsidiary of Dubai World, imposed a debt restructuring and <a title="Financial Times - Dubai shock after debt standstill call" href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/46b4065c-d9f7-11de-b2d5-00144feabdc0.html" target="_blank">debt service standstill </a>- failed to perform on their debt or, in ordinary if not legal language, defaulted on their debt.  The combination of the Islamic holiday of Eid and the Thanksgiving holiday in the US boosted the magnitude of the financial market kerfuffle.</p>
<p>I don&#8217;t see what the big deal is.  Dubai has experienced for most of this decade the craziest construction boom seen in the Middle East since the construction of the Great Pyramids.  That boom turned to bust &#8211; as booms invariably do.  Property developers tend to be highly geared and very procyclical in their revenue flows and access to the capital markets.  During construction slumps they drop like flies.  Because the property sector is risky (ask Donald Trump), its creditors tend to get better interest rates than the sovereign rate.  Dubai is no exception to this rule.  If you earn a risk premium during good times, you should not moan when the borrower defaults from time to time when the going gets tough.</p>]]></description>
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		<title>Auditing the central bank: a jolly good thing!</title>
		<link>http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/11/auditing-the-central-bank-a-jolly-good-thing/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/11/auditing-the-central-bank-a-jolly-good-thing/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 20 Nov 2009 12:46:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Willem Buiter</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/?p=7751</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>What is so important about <a href="http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h111-1207">H.R. 1207: the Federal Reserve Transparency Act of 2009</a> aka the &#8216;Audit the Fed&#8217; bill? This bill <em>&#8220;To amend title 31, United States Code, to reform the manner in which the Board  of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is audited by the Comptroller General  of the United States and the manner in which such audits are reported, and for  other purposes.&#8221;</em> may not sound terribly exciting, but in addition to making the Fed accountable for its quasi-fiscal activities, it could well set an important precedent for the enhanced accountability of operationally independent central banks everywhere.</p>]]></description>
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		<title>Yapping away at gold:  lessons from the last days of the Rai</title>
		<link>http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/11/yapping-away-at-gold-lessons-from-the-last-days-of-the-rai/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/11/yapping-away-at-gold-lessons-from-the-last-days-of-the-rai/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:53:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Willem Buiter</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Economics]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/?p=7706</guid>
		<description />
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		<title>Gold – a six thousand year-old bubble</title>
		<link>http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/11/gold-a-six-thousand-year-old-bubble/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/11/gold-a-six-thousand-year-old-bubble/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 08 Nov 2009 18:02:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Willem Buiter</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Environment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Finance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Financial Markets]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Monetary Policy]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/?p=7641</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>Gold is unlike any other commodity.  It is costly to extract from the earth and to refine to a reasonable degree of purity.  It is costly to store.  It has no remaining uses as a producer good &#8211; equivalent or superior alternatives exist for all its industrial uses.  It may have some value as a consumer good &#8211; somewhat surprisingly people like to attach it to their earlobes or nostrils or to hang it around their necks.  I have always considered it a rather vulgar metal, made for the Saturday Night Fever crowd, all shiny and in-your-face, as opposed to the much classier silver, but <em>de gustibus</em>&#8230; .</p>
<p>The total stock of ‘above-ground&#8217; gold is about 160,000 metric tonnes (a metric ton is 2,204 lbs. or 35,264 oz, for those of a non-decimal mind-set).  About 50 percent of this existing stock of above-ground gold is kept as a pure store of value (for investment purposes), most likely somewhere below-ground, for security reasons. The other 50 percent exists as jewellery.  I would argue that most of this jewellery demand is simply small-scale store of value (investment) demand by households, rather than demand driven by aesthetic considerations or other intrinsic sources of joy associated with having gold hanging from your extremities.</p>]]></description>
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		<title>Should central banks be quasi-fiscal actors?</title>
		<link>http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/11/should-central-banks-be-quasi-fiscal-actors/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/11/should-central-banks-be-quasi-fiscal-actors/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 02 Nov 2009 23:43:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Willem Buiter</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Economics]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/?p=7561</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>There are two reasons why the Fed, or any other central bank, should not act as a quasi-fiscal branch of the government, other than paying to the Treasury in taxes the profits it makes in the pursuit of its mandated macroeconomic stability objectives (maximum employment, stable prices and moderate long-term interest rates in the case of the Fed) and its <em>appropriate</em> financial stability objectives.  The appropriate financial stability objectives of the central bank are those that involve providing liquidity, at a cost covering the central bank&#8217;s opportunity cost of non-monetary financing, to illiquid but solvent financial institutions.</p>
<p>Any action going beyond that, such as the recapitalisation of insolvent banks through quasi-fiscal subsidies, ought to be funded by the Treasury.  The central bank should be involved only as an agent of the Treasury &#8211; an expert assistant.  It should not put its own conventional or comprehensive balance sheet at risk.</p>]]></description>
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		<title>The proposed European Systemic Risk Board is overweight central bankers</title>
		<link>http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/10/the-proposed-european-systemic-risk-board-is-overweight-central-bankers/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/10/the-proposed-european-systemic-risk-board-is-overweight-central-bankers/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:34:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Willem Buiter</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ethics]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/?p=7376</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>On September 25, 2009, the Commission of the European Communities produced a proposal for EU-level macro-prudential regulation and supervision, <em><a href="http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/09/st13/st13648.en09.pdf" target="_blank">&#8220;Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Community macro prudential oversight of the financial system and establishing a European Systemic Risk Board&#8221;</a></em>. It looks as though the <a title="Financial Times - Sweden adds to calls for limits to bank bonuses" href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/04e6d7a0-9955-11de-ab8c-00144feabdc0,dwp_uuid=0ec82dd4-64a1-11de-a13f-00144feabdc0.html" target="_blank">EU Presidency (Sweden)</a> and the Commission are trying to get this proposal adopted in a hurry.</p> <p>I recognise the need for <a title="Financial Times - EU plans three bodies to regulate finance" href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/6046b1d6-a6db-11de-bd14-00144feabdc0.html" target="_blank">EU level regulation</a> and <a title="Financial Times - Brussels steps up regulation" href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/46d52e12-a834-11de-8305-00144feabdc0.html" target="_blank">supervision of macro-prudential risk</a> and support EU-level Colleges or Agencies to supervise systemically important cross-border banks, other financial institutions, markets and instruments.  Unfortunately, the design of the proposed <a title="Financial Times - EU finance ministers pushed on regulation" href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/080fa7f2-adc5-11de-bb8a-00144feabdc0.html" target="_blank">European Systemic Risk Board</a> (ESRB) is a shambles.  The composition of the General Board, the Steering Committee and the Advisory Technical Committee, the selection of the Chair of the General Board and the Steering Committee (the same person), the selection of the Chair of the Advisory Technical Committee (appointed by the General Board on a proposal from its Chair) and the nature of the Secretariat are ludicrously lopsided in favour of central banks in general and of the ECB in particular.  It is high time to have a re-think, before the EU adopts and implements a financial and political disaster.</p>]]></description>
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		<title>Another quarter of negative GDP growth in the UK: situation hopeless but not serious</title>
		<link>http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/10/another-quarter-of-negative-gdp-growth-in-the-uk-situation-hopeless-but-not-serious/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/10/another-quarter-of-negative-gdp-growth-in-the-uk-situation-hopeless-but-not-serious/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Oct 2009 22:36:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Willem Buiter</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Economics]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Finance]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/?p=7331</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>The difference between data and information has been underlined emphatically by the release on Friday, October 23rd, of the <a title="Financial Times - Surprise data set economists on collision course" href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/007568f6-c008-11de-aed2-00144feab49a.html" target="_blank">UK GDP data</a> for the third quarter of 2009.  Those who make a profession out of providing point forecasts of future GDP had converged on a figure of +0.2% for the quarterly growth rate.  What came out was -0.4%.  Shock horror!  Never mind that anyone providing point forecasts of anything without also offering at least some information about of the rest of the probability distribution of future outcomes  (variance, skewness, kurtosis, single-peakedness etc) is either a fool, a knave (or both) or caters to an audience consisting of bears of very little brain.  No matter that the first release of a quarterly GDP forecast in the UK bears little if any systematic relationship to the &#8216;final&#8217; release, which is often provided years later.  Although we hope that successive data revisions get us closer the the theoretical concept of GDP, we have, of course, no practical way of verifying that.  We are like the proverbial blind man looking in a dark basement for a black cat that isn&#8217;t there.</p>]]></description>
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		<title>Time for the ECB to get serious about the overvalued euro</title>
		<link>http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/10/time-for-the-ecb-to-get-serious-about-the-overvalued-euro/</link>
		<comments>http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/10/time-for-the-ecb-to-get-serious-about-the-overvalued-euro/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 18 Oct 2009 12:03:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Willem Buiter</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[European Union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Finance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Financial Markets]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Monetary Policy]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[UK Economy]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/?p=6611</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>The euro has become a currency on steroids.  Its relentless nominal and real appreciation since the end of 2000 was briefly interrupted in the second half of 2008, but resumed with a vengeance during 2009.  The <a title="Financial Times - ECB chief signals concerns on euro" href="ECB chief signals concerns on euro">strength of the currency</a> is hurting the exporting and import-competing sectors of the Euro Area.  Unemployment and excess capacity continue to rise.  The euro&#8217;s excessive strength is also contributing to a significant and persistent undershooting of the rate of inflation the ECB deems to be consistent with price stability in the medium term: headline HICP inflation in December 2008 was 1.60 percent in December 2008, hit zero in May 2009 and has been negative since then.</p>]]></description>
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