Incision hernia have been reported in about 4-10% of patients after open surgical procedures. Certain risk factors make patients prone to incision hernia, such as obesity, diabetes, respiratory insufficiency (lung disease), steroids, wound contamination, postoperative wound infection, smoking, hereditary disorders such as Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Syndrome, as well as a bad development surgical technique. Approximately 90,000-100,000 scar fracture repairs are run annually in the United States.

This hernia is present in much the same way inguinal hernia. That is, they present themselves with a bulge in the neighborhood or a previous incision. Some patients may discomfort, abdominal cramps or complete intestinal obstruction, or incarceration as a result of that hernia.

The principle of surgical repair involves the use of prosthetic mesh for large defects to recover the tension on the repair to minimize. A tension free repair has a lower chance of relapse hernia. Traditionally, the old scar incised and removed, and the entire length of the incision inspected. Generally, there are multiple other flaws than the herniated disc (s) detected by physical examination. The area, which requires coverage is generally large and takes a lot of surgical dissection. A prosthetic mesh is used to the defect (s) cover, and the wound closed. This is a major surgical procedure and often complicated. Infection rates after repair can be as high a 7.0%. Repetition can reach up to 5%, or higher, depending on the patient’s preoperative risk factors. While the use of prosthetic mesh decreased the number of relapses, is also involved in increased infection rates, adhesion or scar formation of the abdominal contents to the anterior abdominal wall lead to bowel obstruction and Fistula formation. However, general recovery is usually excellent and patients to return to normal activity within a matter of weeks.

The laparoscopic ventral hernia repair was meant to minimize operative trauma for the patient. As mentioned, these are often complicated repairs that large incisions and comprehensive dissection of tissue. The principles for a laparoscopic ventral hernia are based on that of open Stoppa ventral hernia. A big piece of the prosthetic mesh is placed under the hernia defect with a wide margin of the meshes outside the defect (see figure). The mesh is anchored in place with eight full thickness sutures and attached to the anterior abdominal wall with a varying number of TACs, laparoscopic placed.
A patient is a candidate for laparoscopic hernia repair scar if they are medically able to undergo general anesthesia. The defect should also “allow” the surgeon the laparoscopic trocars place in such positions, which for repair are ergonomically as possible.

In some very large or large hernias, the abdominal wall is distorted to such an extent that it is impossible to safely place laparoscopic trocars. Additional studies such as CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis are helpful in making this decision. Patients also get a bowel preparation prior to evacuate and decrease of the number of intestinal bacteria to the surgery.
Patients are admitted on the same day of their operation. As a result of the procedure and the recovery of anesthesia, they are transferred to a hospital room where they spend the night. We encourage our patients to move as quickly as possible. It is extremely important to early active in order to stave off a part of the complication after surgery, such as pneumonia, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (blood clots in the legs that break down and enter the lungs).

Postoperative pain is variable, and can significantly during the first 24 hours. As such, patients who I.V. drugs as needed, and oral analgesics are changed in the next day. In general, most patients in the hospital stay 1 or 3 days after surgery. Patients are then seen by the surgeon, one to two weeks after dismissal. There is no caloric restriction. Activity level is limited by the comfort of the patient level. However, it is generally not advisable to take part in a heavy physical exertion or heavy lifting for several weeks, so that the hernia to heal.

Incoming search terms:

• hernia umbilicalis
• Laparoscopic Hernia Surgery
• dokter hernia
• hernia repair in patients with Marfans
• inguinal hernia marfan syndrome
• Laparoscopic Hernia Recovery
• laparoscopisch hernia umblicalis

No related posts.

Related posts brought to you by Yet Another Related Posts Plugin.

Smartklamp is designed to produce a safe, fast, and sophisticated. This tool was created by using the latest plastic technologies and manufactured with quality standards of high quality. Circumcision procedure is almost no bleeding and disposable equipment (disposable) also helps reduce the risk of spreading infection. This tool works with the workings of the umbilical cord clamp to match baby, so without requiring stitches and bandages.

This device consists of various sizes, because it is very suitable for infants, children and adults. This method is also very safe for people with diabetes, hemophilia, children are autistic or hyperactive children. Some of the advantages of this tool is the practical side is very easy to use tool for physicians, with no stitches and no bleeding so that the time required to perform circumcision process becomes shorter (only about 7 minutes).

From the security side of this device can prevent the occurrence of injury during the process of circumcision, to avoid the occurrence of infections such as HIV / AIDS and hepatitis. The shape is ergonomic and lightweight make this tool did not interfere with the child. The method works with clamp system provides protection and security after circumcision so the child can work freely as usual and can direct the school the next day and even can be directly used for swimming.

For a hyperactive child, this tool is the most appropriate choice for a very high level of security. Similarly, for a child or infant who is still wetting the tool is very suitable because it is resistant to wet.

Incoming search terms:

• tara klamp
• smartklamp
• smart klamp
• taraklamp
• smartklamp adults
• tara clamp
• The Tara KLamp
• tara klamp circumcision
• Smart Clamp circumcision results
• smartklamp result

No related posts.

Related posts brought to you by Yet Another Related Posts Plugin.

Cause Stone formation can occur due to urine saturated with salts that can form stones because urine or lack of normal inhibitors of stone formation.
Approximately 80% of stones composed of calcium, the rest contains various substances, including uric acid, cystine and minerals struvit.
Struvit stone (a mixture of magnesium, ammonium and phosphate), also called infection stones because these stones are formed only in the urine of infected.
Stone size varies, ranging from who can not be seen with the naked eye until a rate of 2.5 centimeters or more.
Large stone called staghorn calculus. This stone can fill almost the entire renal pelvis and renal kalises.

Symptoms
Stone, especially the small, could not cause symptoms.  Stone in the bladder can cause pain in the lower abdomen.
Stones that obstruct the ureter, renal pelvis and renal tubules can cause back pain or renal colic (severe colic pain).
Renal colic is characterized by severe pain that relapsing-remitting, usually in the region between ribs and hip bones, which spread to the abdomen, pubic area and inner thighs.  Other symptoms are nausea and vomiting, bloated abdomen, fever, chills and blood in the urine.  Patients may be frequent urination, especially when the stones pass through the ureter.  Stones can cause urinary tract infections. If the stones block the flow of urine, the bacteria will be trapped in the urine collected over the blockage, and thus infection.  If the blockage lasts a long time, urine will flow back into the channel in the kidney, causing stress that will inflate the kidneys (hydronephrosis) and eventually kidney damage can occur.

Diagnosis
Stones that do not cause symptoms, may be found by accident on the examination of routine urine analysis (urinalysis).
Stones that cause the pain is usually diagnosed based on symptoms of renal colic, accompanied by a tenderness in his back and groin or pain in the pubic area without obvious cause.  Microscopic analysis of urine may reveal blood, pus or a small rock crystal.  Usually do not need another examination, unless the pain settled more than a few hours or the diagnosis is uncertain.  Additional checks that can help make a diagnosis is a 24-hour urine collection and blood sampling to assess levels of calcium, cystine, uric acid and other substances that can cause stones.  Abdominal X-rays may reveal calcium stones and stone struvit.  Other tests that may need to do is urografi urografi intravenous and retrograde.

Treatment
Small stones that do not cause symptoms, blockage or infection, usually do not need to be treated. Drink plenty of fluids will increase urine output and help to remove some stones; if the stone has been lost, so do not need immediate treatment.  Renal colic can be reduced with narcotic analgesics.  Stones in the renal pelvis or ureter uppermost part of measuring 1 centimeter or less can often be solved by ultrasonic waves (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ESWL).
Fragments of stone will be dumped in the urine.  Sometimes a stone removed through a small incision in the skin (percutaneous nephrolithotomy, percutaneous nefrolitotomi), followed by ultrasonic treatment.  Small stones in the ureter the bottom can be removed with the endoscope is inserted through the urethra and into the bladder.  Uric acid stones sometimes will dissolve gradually in the atmosphere of alkaline urine (for example by giving potassium citrate), but other stones can not be solved in this way.  Uric acid stones are larger, which causes blockage, it should be removed surgically.  The presence of stone struvit indicate the occurrence of urinary tract infection, because it was given antibiotics.

Incoming search terms:

• kidney with urinary tract stones
• urinary tract kidney stones
• urinary tract stones
• gambar urolitiasis
• urinary tract stone
• kidney stone in urinary track
• urinary tract calculi
• urinary tract with calculi
• urinary tract calculi stones
• urinary stone

No related posts.

Related posts brought to you by Yet Another Related Posts Plugin.

Here are 20 Questions about femoral hernia

REFERENCES

• Dudley, HAF1992. Bailey HALMINTON GAWAR SCIENCE EMERGENCY SURGERY. Gajah Mada University Press: Yogyakarta
  
• Sabiston, David C. 1994. Surgical Textbook. EGC: Jakarta
  
• Schwart, Seymour I. 2000. Essence of the principles of Surgery. EGC: Jakarta
  

Incoming search terms:

• 20 questions
• inguinal ligament pregnancy
• inguinal hernia women
• herniorafi
• ernia inginuale
• series of lumps down inguinal ligament region
• question by fermoral hernia
• ligamentum lakunare gimbernati
• inguinal ligament strain symptoms
• inguinal ligament strain

No related posts.

Related posts brought to you by Yet Another Related Posts Plugin.

Breast tumor is a lump in the breast formed by breast cells to divide and multiply too fast. Breast tumors can be benign and malignant.

Pathophysiology
Tumors as abnormal cells formed on the breast with uncontrolled speed and irregular. These cells are the result of gene mutations with changes in shape, size or function. While the size will increase during menstruation or during pregnancy because of increased estrogen production.
Benign tumors are vulnerable to attack young women. The signs of a benign tumor in the breast quite easily identified as a lump in the breast, skin color change, shape and location of breast abnormalities, and abnormalities of the nipple. Benign tumors generally attacks women under age 30. Benign breast tumors do not spread to surrounding tissues or to other organs while malignant breast tumors can spread to surrounding tissues or to other organs. Malignant tumor of breast is called breast cancer.

Clinical symptoms of Benign Tumor

• Grows slowly
• Strict limits
• Round or oval
• Smooth, supple
• Easy move

Clinical symptoms of Malignant Tumors

• Wounds bleed easily, no pain
• Growing rapidly, the limit is not clear
• Putting drawn into
• Skin like orange peel
• Enlarged axillary glands

Management

Treatment by surgery called a Mastectomy (breast removal surgery). There are 3 types of mastectomy:

1. Modified Radical Mastectomy, the surgical removal of the breast include breast tissue in the sternum, collarbone and ribs, and lump around the armpit.
2. Total (Simple) Mastectomy, the surgical removal of the entire breast, but not the glands in the armpit.
3. Radical Mastectomy, the surgical removal of part of the breast.

Incoming search terms:

• breast tumor
• benign breast tumor removal
• lumps in breast
• abnormal lump in breast
• removal of breast tumor
• tumors of the breasts
• malignant breat cancer facts
• pathophysiology of tumor in the breast
• shape of cancerous lump on breast
• LUMP tumor

No related posts.

Related posts brought to you by Yet Another Related Posts Plugin.

Polidaktili in An inherited disorder autosomal dominant gene P, so people will get extra finger on one or two hands and or on foot. People normally is a recessive homozigotik pp. Polidaktili also known as Hyperdaktili, can occur in hand or foot of man or animal. Place an extra finger is different is the one near your thumb and some are located near the little finger.

Pathofisiologi

Polidaktili, caused by chromosomal abnormalities during fetal organ formation. This happens when a young pregnant woman or the first semester of organ formation. The possibility of her mother many foods contain preservatives. Or there steratogenik elements that cause growth disorders. Excess amount of finger deformity is not a problem other than the body. However, it should be checked for heart and lung condition of babies, as they may occur multiple anomalies.

People normally is a recessive homozigotik pp. In individuals heterozigotik Pp degree that the dominant gene expression can vary so that additional locations can vary finger. If a man marry a woman polidaktili heterozigotik normal, then the likelihood of polidaktili offspring is 50% (theory Mendel). Polidaktili father (heterozygous) Pp x, normal mothers homozygous (pp) then his son polidaktili (heterozygous Pp) 50%, normal (homozygous pp) 50%.

Clinical symptoms

No symptoms for this polidaktili disease because this disease is a congenital disease inherited by autosomal dominant gene P. However polodaktili function can cause problems.

Management

Extra finger can heal with surgery.

Incoming search terms:

• polidaktili
• polidaktili heterozigotik
• полидактили

No related posts.

Related posts brought to you by Yet Another Related Posts Plugin.

Intestine Blockage because it is caused by several cases, among others: Hernia Incarcerates, invagination, Adhesion / adhesions, volvulus / torsion, tumors / malignancies, bolus Worms. So there is a blockage in the intestinal tract

Pathfisiologi

Obstruction of mechanical ileus is an intestinal blockage that occurs because of the mechanics who work or affect the intestinal wall which cause narrowing / blockage of the bowel lumen. Consequently clogged, and it there is gas and liquids, especially in proximal areas. it would lead to stimulation of hyper secretion of digestive gland, which makes liquid and gas will increase.

The main symptoms are nausea, vomiting ileus obstruction, the obstruction lies generally high. Obstructions in the small intestine cause symptoms such as abdominal pain around umbilicus / the epigastrium. While the obstruction in the colon usually have a milder clinical symptoms than in small bowel obstruction. Generally, symptoms of constipation ended obstinacy and abdominal distension. Vomiting rarely occurs. At this early stage, normal vital signs. Along with the loss of fluid and electrolyte, there will be dehydration. At the advanced stage where the obstruction continues, peristaltic will weaken and disappear. The existence of feces mixed with blood on rectal examination touched can be suspected of malignancy and antisepsis.

Clinical symptoms

• Nausea and Vomiting
• Abdominal pain, stomach cramps
• Fasces sometimes accompanied by blood

Management

To handle cases of intestinal obstruction is the only way is through surgery, but the state of the intestine and the patient’s condition to determine which surgery will be applied. In general, the management of patients follows a fixed procedure. Preparation of business people walking together with obstructive ileus diagnosis is complete and accurate. Often with good patient preparation, obscure reduced or lost at once. Otherwise on some obstruction ileus, sometimes done gradually operative action, either by his illness itself or because of the situation of sufferers, for example in obstructive sigmoid Ca, first performed a colostomy alone , then the day performed bowel resection and anastomosis.

Video of Intestine Blockage Surgery

Incoming search terms:

• intestinal obstruction
• intestinal blockage
• blockage in small intestine treatment
• intestinal blockage symptoms
• intestinal blockages
• intestinal obstruction therapy
• rectal examination
• is the only cure for intestinal blockage surgery?
• sign of intestinal obstruction

No related posts.

Related posts brought to you by Yet Another Related Posts Plugin.

Clinical signs and symptoms usually occur on:

Young male heavy smoker with a pain in the lower externitas according to Fontaine stages (I, IIa, IIb, III, IV).
on the skin of the foot inspection: Hyperpigmentation of skin, toe nails to thicken, lower extremity muscle atrophy, ulceration in the lower extremities.

Differential diagnosis: arterial occlusive disease karenba chronic emboli. Vasospastik Disease (Raynaud’s). Arterio skerosis obliterans.

Investigations: Laboratory: Blood routine.

Cardiology: ECG, Ekhokardiografi.

Radiology: Arteriografi or droppler ultrasound.

Therapy

1. Non-surgical: Stop smoking and drugs vasodilators, anticoagulants.
2. Surgery: sympathectomy, nekrotomi, debridement, amputation.

See How Cigarette Effect on Your Body

Incoming search terms:

• nekrotomi debridement
• nekrotomi
• arteriografi

No related posts.

Related posts brought to you by Yet Another Related Posts Plugin.

Clinical symptoms of testicular hydrocele

Patients complain of a lump in the scrotum pouch that is not painful. On physical examination found a lump in the scrotum pouch with consistency kistus and on examination showed penerawangan trasiluminasi On an infected hydrocele or scrotal skin is very thick at times difficult to perform this examination, so it must be assisted with the investigation ULTRASONOGRAPHY. Hydrocele that occurs in newborns can be caused by: (1) the incomplete closure of processus vaginalis resulting in the flow of peritoneal fluid into the processus vaginalis (hydrocele communicans) or (2) incomplete lymphatic system in the area of the scrotum in doing hydrocele fluid reabsorption.

What is the cause of a secondary hydrocele testis in adults?

Secondary cause due to abnormalities found in the testes or epididymis that causes disruption of secretion or reabsorption of fluid systems in the pocket hydrocele.

Doing Diagnosis hydrocele

1. In testicular hydrocele, hydrocele bag as if around the testes so that testicular can not be touched. At the anamnesis, the bag hydrocele does not change throughout the day.
2. In funikulus hydrocele, hydrocele was in funikulus bag that is located in the cranial of the testis, so that on palpation of the testes can be touched and are beyond the pockets hydrocele. In anamnesis bag hydrocele fixed amount throughout the day.
3. In hydrocele communicant relationship exists between the processus vaginalis with peritoneal cavity can be filled so that the processus vaginalis peritoneal fluid. In anamnesis, hydrocele bag magnitude can fickle is getting bigger at the time the child was crying. On palpation, hydrocele bag separate from the testis and can be inserted into the abdominal cavity.

Differential diagnosis Testicular hydrocele

Testicular hydrocele is a collection of fluid in the space between the membrane lining the tunica vaginalis. Hydrocele diagnosis is confirmed by tests diapanaskopi transluminasi or positive.

Therapy in testicular hydrocele?

In older age groups, hydrocele can be absorbed spontaneously when arising from overproduction of fluid as that found secondary to acute epididymitis in adult patients where hydrocele occurs because of an imbalance between production and resorbsinya hydrocele fluid can not disappear spontaneously. In these patients needle aspiration of hydrocele is not an adequate therapy for hydrocele will arise again. Appropriate and adequate therapy is surgery. Performed resection and removal of most of the parietal layer of tunica vaginalis that membrane bersekresi and space for the buildup is removed, thus preventing the recurrence hydrocele.

Complications of hydrocele testis

Chyle (Chylocele), blood (Haematocele) or pus (Pyocele) in lymph fluid and testicular atrophy.

Hydrocele Surgery Video

Incoming search terms:

• hydrocele
• hidrocele
• hydroceles
• hydrocele testis
• hidrocele testicular
• hydrocele pictures
• testicular atrophy
• pictures of hydrocele
• epididymis lump
• hydrocele photos

No related posts.

Related posts brought to you by Yet Another Related Posts Plugin.

Etiology: Clostridim tetani
anaerobic nature have spores, spores found in soil and dust and can survive many years, resistance to antiseptics and temperature of 100 Celsius

Typical shapes such as squash racquets

Pathogenesis

Clostridium enter through wounds (lacerations, gunshot wounds, stab wounds, burns, bites, pets, etc.)

60% of tetanus occur due to stab wound in the leg.

It can also be through the uterus in abortion provokatus

can also be through the umbilicus in infants who helped with ignoring the rules asepsis.

Toxin:

1. Tetanolisin destroy erythrocytes
2. Tetanospasmin (proteins that are toxic against nerve cells) absorbed motor nerve endings CNS ganglion nerve fibers.

Clinical Manifestation

• Incubation period: 3 days to 4 weeks (average 8 days)
• shorter incubation period, the higher the mortality.

Symptoms:

1. Local tetanus stiff muscles wound area
2. General tetanus

• Trismus (stiff muscles maseter hard to open mouth)
• Opistotonus (stiff neck, neck and back)
• Abdominal wall as a board
• Risus sardonikus (stiff facial muscles)
• It is hard to swallow
• Stiffness of the respiratory muscles

DIAGNOSIS

From the clinical symptoms, because examination of Clostridium bacteria often can not be found, sufficient to MDX tetanus.

DIAGNOSIS OF APPEAL

Trismus due to local problem in mouth

Meningitis encephalitis

TREATMENT

1. Principle of treatment:

• Exotoxin that has been overcome due to
• cells bound the central nervous with symptomatic anti-seizure (phenobarbital,CPZ, diasepam)

Trakheostomi respiratory failure, installation of ventilator

Neutralize the toxin still circulating for the blood

ATS 20,000 IU / day 5 days SLM

Human immunoglobulin dose of 3000-6000 IU

Eliminate germs cause with antiseptic wound care, wound excision Penicillin

PREVENTION

1. Adequate wound care
2. active immunization with human immunoglobulin tetanus

Incoming search terms:

• tetanus symptoms
• opistotonus tetanus
• tetani
• risus tetani
• tetanus symptom
• tetanus symptoms pictures
• risus sardonikus
• tetanus signs and symptoms
• tetanus opistotonus
• tetanus signs

No related posts.

Related posts brought to you by Yet Another Related Posts Plugin.