<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8" />
        <meta name="norton-safeweb-site-verification" content="24usqpep0ejc5w6hod3dulxwciwp0djs6c6ufp96av3t4whuxovj72wfkdjxu82yacb7430qjm8adbd5ezlt4592dq4zrvadcn9j9n-0btgdzpiojfzno16-fnsnu7xd" />
        
        <link rel="preconnect" href="https://substackcdn.com" />
        

        
            <title data-rh="true">Cold Eye Earth | Gregor Macdonald | Substack</title>
            
            <meta data-rh="true" property="og:type" content="article"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="Cold Eye Earth | Gregor Macdonald | Substack"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:title" content="Cold Eye Earth | Gregor Macdonald | Substack"/><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="tracking the progress of energy transition. Click to read Cold Eye Earth, by Gregor Macdonald, a Substack publication with thousands of subscribers."/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="tracking the progress of energy transition. Click to read Cold Eye Earth, by Gregor Macdonald, a Substack publication with thousands of subscribers."/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:description" content="tracking the progress of energy transition. Click to read Cold Eye Earth, by Gregor Macdonald, a Substack publication with thousands of subscribers."/><meta data-rh="true" name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image" content="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BMKl!,f_auto,q_auto:best,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fgregor.substack.com%2Ftwitter%2Fsubscribe-card.jpg%3Fv%3D333986811%26version%3D9"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:image" content="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BMKl!,f_auto,q_auto:best,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fgregor.substack.com%2Ftwitter%2Fsubscribe-card.jpg%3Fv%3D333986811%26version%3D9"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/>
            
            
        

        

        <style>
          @layer legacy, tailwind, pencraftReset, pencraft;
        </style>

        
        <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/theme/welcome.9b8fb0293b0e9d2860f4.css" />
        
        <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/theme/color_links.c9908948e2f4e05476e6.css" />
        
        
        

        
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/382.659a39b6.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/56938.bc21f918.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/54636.1791a1b4.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/96815.261114a6.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/7011.264ec237.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/65272.1744a76b.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/99829.9cd344a2.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/15614.4a3ec71d.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/82964.1f2d199d.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/11578.ff47eabe.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/62202.8597a36f.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/82434.6d24e4ab.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/54636.1791a1b4.css" />
            
                <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/44676.813be60f.css" />
            
        

        
        
        
        
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=0, viewport-fit=cover" />
        <meta name="author" content="Gregor Macdonald" />
        <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.coldeye.earth/" />
        
        
        <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.coldeye.earth/" />
        

        

        

        

        
            
                <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bwG-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b845a3c-ca46-418b-b9ac-2b29d7a1f626%2Ffavicon.ico">
            
        
            
                <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ebZ4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b845a3c-ca46-418b-b9ac-2b29d7a1f626%2Ffavicon-16x16.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!leej!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b845a3c-ca46-418b-b9ac-2b29d7a1f626%2Ffavicon-32x32.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="48x48" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!H1_y!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b845a3c-ca46-418b-b9ac-2b29d7a1f626%2Ffavicon-48x48.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!17Y_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b845a3c-ca46-418b-b9ac-2b29d7a1f626%2Fapple-touch-icon-57x57.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AX8X!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b845a3c-ca46-418b-b9ac-2b29d7a1f626%2Fapple-touch-icon-60x60.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dgyp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b845a3c-ca46-418b-b9ac-2b29d7a1f626%2Fapple-touch-icon-72x72.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QO09!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b845a3c-ca46-418b-b9ac-2b29d7a1f626%2Fapple-touch-icon-76x76.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7nEf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b845a3c-ca46-418b-b9ac-2b29d7a1f626%2Fapple-touch-icon-114x114.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lb85!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b845a3c-ca46-418b-b9ac-2b29d7a1f626%2Fapple-touch-icon-120x120.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88sN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b845a3c-ca46-418b-b9ac-2b29d7a1f626%2Fapple-touch-icon-144x144.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6TtD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b845a3c-ca46-418b-b9ac-2b29d7a1f626%2Fapple-touch-icon-152x152.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="167x167" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VCjJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b845a3c-ca46-418b-b9ac-2b29d7a1f626%2Fapple-touch-icon-167x167.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xQyU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b845a3c-ca46-418b-b9ac-2b29d7a1f626%2Fapple-touch-icon-180x180.png">
            
        
            
                <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="1024x1024" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!V5MS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b845a3c-ca46-418b-b9ac-2b29d7a1f626%2Fapple-touch-icon-1024x1024.png">
            
        
            
        
            
        
            
        

        

        
            <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="/feed" title="Cold Eye Earth"/>
        

        
        
          <style>
            @font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCt-xNNww_2s0amA9M8on7mTNmnUHowCw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCt-xNNww_2s0amA9M8onXmTNmnUHowCw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCt-xNNww_2s0amA9M8onTmTNmnUHowCw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02AF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCt-xNNww_2s0amA9M8onrmTNmnUHo.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCr-xNNww_2s0amA9M9knjsS_ulYHs.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCr-xNNww_2s0amA9M2knjsS_ulYHs.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCr-xNNww_2s0amA9M3knjsS_ulYHs.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02AF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCr-xNNww_2s0amA9M5knjsS_ul.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCs-xNNww_2s0amA9vmtm3FafaPWnIIMrY.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCs-xNNww_2s0amA9vmtm3OafaPWnIIMrY.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCs-xNNww_2s0amA9vmtm3PafaPWnIIMrY.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02AF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCs-xNNww_2s0amA9vmtm3BafaPWnII.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}
            
          </style>
        
        
        

        <style>:root{--color_theme_bg_pop:#890000;--background_pop:#890000;--cover_bg_color:#FFFFFF;--cover_bg_color_secondary:#f0f0f0;--background_pop_darken:#700000;--print_on_pop:#ffffff;--color_theme_bg_pop_darken:#700000;--color_theme_print_on_pop:#ffffff;--color_theme_bg_pop_20:rgba(137, 0, 0, 0.2);--color_theme_bg_pop_30:rgba(137, 0, 0, 0.3);--print_pop:#890000;--color_theme_accent:#890000;--cover_print_primary:#363737;--cover_print_secondary:#757575;--cover_print_tertiary:#b6b6b6;--cover_border_color:#890000;--home_hero:newspaper;--home_posts:list;--web_bg_color:#ffffff;--background_contrast_1:#f0f0f0;--background_contrast_2:#dddddd;--background_contrast_3:#b7b7b7;--background_contrast_4:#929292;--background_contrast_5:#515151;--color_theme_bg_contrast_1:#f0f0f0;--color_theme_bg_contrast_2:#dddddd;--color_theme_bg_contrast_3:#b7b7b7;--color_theme_bg_contrast_4:#929292;--color_theme_bg_contrast_5:#515151;--color_theme_bg_elevated:#ffffff;--color_theme_bg_elevated_secondary:#f0f0f0;--color_theme_bg_elevated_tertiary:#dddddd;--color_theme_detail:#e6e6e6;--background_contrast_pop:rgba(137, 0, 0, 0.4);--color_theme_bg_contrast_pop:rgba(137, 0, 0, 0.4);--theme_bg_is_dark:0;--print_on_web_bg_color:#363737;--print_secondary_on_web_bg_color:#868787;--background_pop_rgb:137, 0, 0;--color_theme_bg_pop_rgb:137, 0, 0;--color_theme_accent_rgb:137, 0, 0;}</style>

        
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/theme/welcome.9b8fb0293b0e9d2860f4.css" />
        
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/theme/color_links.c9908948e2f4e05476e6.css" />
        

        <style></style>

        

        

        

        
    </head>

    <body class="">
        

        

        

        

        <div id="entry">
            <div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset coverTheme-PJLqY5"><div class="intro-popup"><div class="intro-popup-page"><div class="full-email-form"><div class="vertically-centered"><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Close" data-testid="close-welcome-modal" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft closeWelcomeModal-KVUfKQ iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_md-gCDS3o priority_tertiary-rlke8z"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-x"><path d="M18 6 6 18"></path><path d="m6 6 12 12"></path></svg></button><div data-testid="intro-popup-logo" class="pencraft pc-paddingBottom-32 pc-reset"><div draggable="false" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-position-relative pc-reset"><div style="width:88px;height:88px;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-reset bg-white-ZBV5av pc-borderRadius-sm overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4"><picture class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset"><source type="image/webp" sizes="88px" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NMMe!,w_88,h_88,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff017c75f-4901-409e-9eec-77557b9a588a_1056x1056.png 88w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NMMe!,w_176,h_176,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff017c75f-4901-409e-9eec-77557b9a588a_1056x1056.png 176w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NMMe!,w_264,h_264,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff017c75f-4901-409e-9eec-77557b9a588a_1056x1056.png 264w" style="display:none;"/><img style="object-fit:cover;width:88px;height:88px;" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NMMe!,w_88,h_88,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff017c75f-4901-409e-9eec-77557b9a588a_1056x1056.png" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NMMe!,w_88,h_88,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff017c75f-4901-409e-9eec-77557b9a588a_1056x1056.png 88w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NMMe!,w_176,h_176,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff017c75f-4901-409e-9eec-77557b9a588a_1056x1056.png 176w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NMMe!,w_264,h_264,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff017c75f-4901-409e-9eec-77557b9a588a_1056x1056.png 264w" sizes="88px" draggable="false" class="pencraft pc-reset"/></picture></div></div></div><h1 class="publication-name balancedText-oQ__Kv">Cold Eye Earth</h1><p class="publication-tagline with-cover verbose balancedText-oQ__Kv">tracking the progress of energy transition</p><div class="publication-meta"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-4 pc-reset pc-display-inline-flex">By Gregor Macdonald<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div data-testid="user-badge" class="pencraft pc-reset cursor-pointer-LYORKw container-ORd8N2"><div type="button" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="radix-P0-0" data-state="closed" class="pencraft pc-reset"><svg role="img" style="height:16px;width:16px;" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 40 40" fill="none" stroke-width="1.8" stroke="#000" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M17.8212 2.19198C19.5364 1.48152 21.4636 1.48152 23.1788 2.19198L31.198 5.51364C32.9132 6.2241 34.2759 7.58682 34.9864 9.30201L38.308 17.3212C39.0185 19.0364 39.0185 20.9636 38.308 22.6788L34.9864 30.698C34.2759 32.4132 32.9132 33.7759 31.198 34.4864L23.1788 37.808C21.4636 38.5185 19.5364 38.5185 17.8212 37.808L9.80201 34.4864C8.08682 33.7759 6.7241 32.4132 6.01364 30.698L2.69198 22.6788C1.98152 20.9636 1.98152 19.0364 2.69198 17.3212L6.01364 9.30201C6.7241 7.58682 8.08682 6.2241 9.80202 5.51364L17.8212 2.19198Z" stroke="#FF6719" stroke-width="4" fill="transparent"></path><path d="M27.1666 15L17.9999 24.1667L13.8333 20" stroke="#FF6719" stroke-width="4" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></g></svg></div></div></div></div> · Over 3,000 subscribers</div><div style="width:100%;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-justifyContent-center pc-reset"><div style="width:100%;max-width:380px;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-4 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset emailFormContainer-TcAFa_"><div class="container-IpPqBD"><form action="/api/v1/free?nojs=true" method="post" novalidate class="form form-M5sC90"><input type="hidden" name="first_url" value/><input type="hidden" name="first_referrer" value/><input type="hidden" name="current_url"/><input type="hidden" name="current_referrer"/><input type="hidden" name="first_session_url" value/><input type="hidden" name="first_session_referrer" value/><input type="hidden" name="referral_code"/><input type="hidden" name="source" value="cover_page"/><input type="hidden" name="referring_pub_id"/><input type="hidden" name="additional_referring_pub_ids"/><div class="sideBySideWrap-vGXrwP"><div class="emailInputWrapper-QlA86j"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-minWidth-0 pc-position-relative pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA"><input name="email" placeholder="Type your email..." type="email" class="pencraft emailInput-OkIMeB emailInputOnWelcomePage-nqc9VK input-y4v6N4 inputText-pV_yWb"/></div></div><button tabindex="0" type="submit" disabled class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft rightButton primary subscribe-btn button-VFSdkv buttonBase-GK1x3M"><span class="button-text ">Subscribe</span></button></div><div id="error-container"></div></form></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-paddingLeft-0 pc-mobile-paddingLeft-16 pc-paddingRight-0 pc-mobile-paddingRight-16 pc-paddingTop-16 pc-reset tosText-yAQHNw"><div class="visibility-check"></div><label class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-12 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset tosCheckbox-XbLWCT"><div translated class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s align-center-y7ZD4w line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb reset-IxiVJZ">By subscribing, you agree Substack's <a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="https://substack.com/tos" target="_blank" class="pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ">Terms of Use</a>, and acknowledge its <a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="https://substack.com/ccpa#personal-data-collected" target="_blank" class="pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ">Information Collection Notice</a> and <a style="text-decoration:underline;" href="https://substack.com/privacy" target="_blank" class="pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ">Privacy Policy</a>.</div></label></div></div></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-testid="maybeLater" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft maybeLater-PlK9NK buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_quaternary-kpMibu size_md-gCDS3o">No thanks<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-chevron-right"><path d="m9 18 6-6-6-6"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div>
        </div>

        
            <script src="https://js.sentry-cdn.com/6c2ff3e3828e4017b7faf7b63e24cdf8.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
            <script>
                window.Sentry && window.Sentry.onLoad(function() {
                    window.Sentry.init({
                        environment: window._preloads.sentry_environment,
                        dsn: window._preloads.sentry_dsn,
                    })
                })
            </script>
        


        
        
        
        
        <script>window._preloads        = JSON.parse("{\"isEU\":false,\"language\":\"en\",\"country\":\"US\",\"userLocale\":{\"language\":\"en\",\"region\":\"US\",\"source\":\"default\"},\"base_url\":\"https://www.coldeye.earth\",\"stripe_publishable_key\":\"pk_live_51QfnARLDSWi1i85FBpvw6YxfQHljOpWXw8IKi5qFWEzvW8HvoD8cqTulR9UWguYbYweLvA16P7LN6WZsGdZKrNkE00uGbFaOE3\",\"captcha_site_key\":\"6LeI15YsAAAAAPXyDcvuVqipba_jEFQCjz1PFQoz\",\"pub\":{\"apple_pay_disabled\":false,\"apex_domain\":null,\"author_id\":1082971,\"byline_images_enabled\":true,\"bylines_enabled\":true,\"chartable_token\":null,\"community_enabled\":true,\"copyright\":\"Gregor Macdonald\",\"cover_photo_url\":null,\"created_at\":\"2018-11-16T15:57:42.430Z\",\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"custom_domain\":\"www.coldeye.earth\",\"default_comment_sort\":\"best_first\",\"default_coupon\":null,\"default_group_coupon\":null,\"default_show_guest_bios\":true,\"email_banner_url\":null,\"email_from_name\":\"Cold Eye Earth\",\"email_from\":null,\"embed_tracking_disabled\":false,\"explicit\":false,\"expose_paywall_content_to_search_engines\":true,\"fb_pixel_id\":null,\"fb_site_verification_token\":null,\"flagged_as_spam\":false,\"founding_subscription_benefits\":[],\"free_subscription_benefits\":[\"Occasional public posts, but very few.\"],\"ga_pixel_id\":null,\"google_site_verification_token\":null,\"google_tag_manager_token\":null,\"hero_image\":null,\"hero_text\":\"tracking the progress of energy transition\",\"hide_intro_subtitle\":null,\"hide_intro_title\":null,\"hide_podcast_feed_link\":false,\"homepage_type\":\"newspaper\",\"id\":3672,\"image_thumbnails_always_enabled\":false,\"invite_only\":false,\"hide_podcast_from_pub_listings\":false,\"language\":\"en\",\"logo_url_wide\":null,\"logo_url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NMMe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff017c75f-4901-409e-9eec-77557b9a588a_1056x1056.png\",\"minimum_group_size\":2,\"moderation_enabled\":true,\"name\":\"Cold Eye Earth\",\"paid_subscription_benefits\":[\"Subscriber-only posts and full archive\",\"Reader mail answered\"],\"parsely_pixel_id\":null,\"chartbeat_domain\":null,\"payments_state\":\"enabled\",\"paywall_free_trial_enabled\":true,\"podcast_art_url\":null,\"paid_podcast_episode_art_url\":null,\"podcast_byline\":null,\"podcast_description\":null,\"podcast_enabled\":false,\"podcast_feed_url\":null,\"podcast_title\":null,\"post_preview_limit\":null,\"primary_user_id\":1082971,\"require_clickthrough\":false,\"show_pub_podcast_tab\":false,\"show_recs_on_homepage\":true,\"subdomain\":\"gregor\",\"subscriber_invites\":0,\"support_email\":null,\"theme_var_background_pop\":\"#890000\",\"theme_var_color_links\":true,\"theme_var_cover_bg_color\":null,\"trial_end_override\":null,\"twitter_pixel_id\":null,\"type\":\"newsletter\",\"post_reaction_faces_enabled\":true,\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"plans\":[{\"id\":\"yearly80usd\",\"object\":\"plan\",\"active\":true,\"aggregate_usage\":null,\"amount\":8000,\"amount_decimal\":\"8000\",\"billing_scheme\":\"per_unit\",\"created\":1674239787,\"currency\":\"usd\",\"interval\":\"year\",\"interval_count\":1,\"livemode\":true,\"metadata\":{\"substack\":\"yes\"},\"meter\":null,\"nickname\":\"$80 a year\",\"product\":\"prod_NCp6X7e2jtBER3\",\"tiers\":null,\"tiers_mode\":null,\"transform_usage\":null,\"trial_period_days\":null,\"usage_type\":\"licensed\",\"currency_options\":{\"aud\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":12000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"12000\"},\"brl\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":41500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"41500\"},\"cad\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":11500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"11500\"},\"chf\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":6500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"6500\"},\"dkk\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":52000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"52000\"},\"eur\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":7000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"7000\"},\"gbp\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":6500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"6500\"},\"mxn\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":143500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"143500\"},\"nok\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":77500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"77500\"},\"nzd\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":14000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"14000\"},\"pln\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":30000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"30000\"},\"sek\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":76000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"76000\"},\"usd\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":8000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"8000\"}}},{\"id\":\"monthly8usd\",\"object\":\"plan\",\"active\":true,\"aggregate_usage\":null,\"amount\":800,\"amount_decimal\":\"800\",\"billing_scheme\":\"per_unit\",\"created\":1674239787,\"currency\":\"usd\",\"interval\":\"month\",\"interval_count\":1,\"livemode\":true,\"metadata\":{\"substack\":\"yes\"},\"meter\":null,\"nickname\":\"$8 a month\",\"product\":\"prod_NCp60grJd12W8f\",\"tiers\":null,\"tiers_mode\":null,\"transform_usage\":null,\"trial_period_days\":null,\"usage_type\":\"licensed\",\"currency_options\":{\"aud\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":1200,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"1200\"},\"brl\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":4200,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"4200\"},\"cad\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":1200,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"1200\"},\"chf\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":700,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"700\"},\"dkk\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":5500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"5500\"},\"eur\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":700,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"700\"},\"gbp\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":700,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"700\"},\"mxn\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":14500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"14500\"},\"nok\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":8000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"8000\"},\"nzd\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":1400,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"1400\"},\"pln\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":3000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"3000\"},\"sek\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":8000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"8000\"},\"usd\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":800,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"800\"}}}],\"stripe_user_id\":\"acct_1GO8RfEM8JCUzahE\",\"stripe_country\":\"US\",\"stripe_publishable_key\":\"pk_live_xiPQuiGxbXYnytu5txkfDiGx006mrbjNVH\",\"stripe_platform_account\":\"US\",\"automatic_tax_enabled\":false,\"author_name\":\"Gregor Macdonald\",\"author_handle\":\"gregormacdonald\",\"author_photo_url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RUHV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55091372-7b79-4f71-9de7-26f5fbeba13b_300x313.jpeg\",\"author_bio\":\"Journalist covering cities, climate, and energy. \",\"twitter_screen_name\":\"GregorMacdonald\",\"has_custom_tos\":false,\"has_custom_privacy\":false,\"theme\":{\"background_pop_color\":null,\"web_bg_color\":\"#ffffff\",\"cover_bg_color\":null,\"publication_id\":3672,\"color_links\":null,\"font_preset_heading\":null,\"font_preset_body\":null,\"font_family_headings\":null,\"font_family_body\":null,\"font_family_ui\":null,\"font_size_body_desktop\":null,\"print_secondary\":null,\"custom_css_web\":null,\"custom_css_email\":null,\"home_hero\":\"newspaper\",\"home_posts\":\"list\",\"home_show_top_posts\":false,\"hide_images_from_list\":false,\"home_hero_alignment\":\"left\",\"home_hero_show_podcast_links\":true,\"default_post_header_variant\":null,\"custom_header\":null,\"custom_footer\":null,\"social_media_links\":null,\"font_options\":null,\"section_template\":null,\"custom_subscribe\":null,\"design_template\":null,\"design_template_options\":null},\"threads_v2_settings\":null,\"default_group_coupon_percent_off\":null,\"pause_return_date\":null,\"has_posts\":true,\"has_recommendations\":false,\"first_post_date\":\"2019-01-14T19:14:00.000Z\",\"has_podcast\":false,\"has_free_podcast\":false,\"has_subscriber_only_podcast\":false,\"has_community_content\":false,\"rankingDetail\":\"Hundreds of paid subscribers\",\"rankingDetailFreeIncluded\":\"Thousands of subscribers\",\"rankingDetailOrderOfMagnitude\":100,\"rankingDetailFreeIncludedOrderOfMagnitude\":1000,\"rankingDetailFreeSubscriberCount\":\"Over 3,000 subscribers\",\"rankingDetailByLanguage\":{\"ar\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062A\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0641\u0648\u0639\u064A\u0646\"},\"ca\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Centenars de subscriptors de pagament\"},\"da\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Hundredvis af betalte abonnenter\"},\"de\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Hunderte von Paid-Abonnenten\"},\"es\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Cientos de suscriptores de pago\"},\"fr\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Des centaines d'abonn\u00E9s payants\"},\"ja\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"\u6570\u767E\u4EBA\u306E\u6709\u6599\u767B\u9332\u8005\"},\"nb\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Hundrevis av betalende abonnenter\"},\"nl\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Honderden betalende abonnees\"},\"pl\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Setki p\u0142ac\u0105cych subskrybent\u00F3w\"},\"pt\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Centenas de subscritores pagos\"},\"pt-br\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Centenas de assinantes pagantes\"},\"en-gb\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Hundreds of paid subscribers\"},\"it\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Centinaia di abbonati a pagamento\"},\"tr\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Y\u00FCzlerce \u00FCcretli abone\"},\"sv\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Hundratals betalande prenumeranter\"},\"en\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Hundreds of paid subscribers\"}},\"freeSubscriberCount\":\"3,000\",\"freeSubscriberCountOrderOfMagnitude\":\"3.1K+\",\"author_bestseller_tier\":100,\"author_badge\":{\"type\":\"bestseller\",\"tier\":100},\"disable_monthly_subscriptions\":false,\"disable_annual_subscriptions\":false,\"hide_post_restacks\":false,\"notes_feed_enabled\":false,\"showIntroModule\":false,\"isPortraitLayout\":false,\"last_chat_post_at\":null,\"primary_profile_name\":\"Gregor Macdonald\",\"primary_profile_photo_url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RUHV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F55091372-7b79-4f71-9de7-26f5fbeba13b_300x313.jpeg\",\"no_follow\":false,\"sponsorshipCampaigns\":{},\"paywall_chat\":\"free\",\"sections\":[],\"multipub_migration\":null,\"navigationBarItems\":[],\"contributors\":[{\"name\":\"Gregor Macdonald\",\"handle\":\"gregormacdonald\",\"role\":\"admin\",\"owner\":true,\"user_id\":1082971,\"photo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/55091372-7b79-4f71-9de7-26f5fbeba13b_300x313.jpeg\",\"bio\":\"Journalist covering cities, climate, and energy. \"}],\"threads_v2_enabled\":false,\"viralGiftsConfig\":{\"id\":\"aead9c55-6697-46db-b2f4-c5f352f21365\",\"publication_id\":3672,\"enabled\":true,\"gifts_per_user\":5,\"gift_length_months\":1,\"send_extra_gifts\":true,\"message\":\"economics of energy transition\",\"created_at\":\"2022-09-24T16:04:19.936775+00:00\",\"updated_at\":\"2022-09-24T16:04:19.936775+00:00\",\"days_til_invite\":14,\"send_emails\":true,\"show_link\":null},\"tier\":2,\"no_index\":false,\"can_set_google_site_verification\":true,\"can_have_sitemap\":true,\"iap_advanced_plans\":[{\"sku\":\"dfqgZlpnlaHbd7IL3N\",\"publication_id\":\"3672\",\"is_active\":true,\"price_base_units\":1100,\"currency_alpha3\":\"usd\",\"period\":\"month\",\"created_at\":\"2025-08-18T15:10:23.225Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2025-08-18T15:10:23.225Z\",\"id\":\"237777\",\"payout_amount_base_units\":80,\"alternate_currencies\":{\"aud\":1700,\"brl\":6000,\"cad\":1600,\"chf\":900,\"dkk\":7500,\"eur\":1000,\"gbp\":900,\"mxn\":21000,\"nok\":11500,\"nzd\":1900,\"pln\":4000,\"sek\":10500},\"is_founding\":false,\"display_name\":\"Cold Eye Earth (Monthly)\",\"display_price\":\"$11\"},{\"sku\":\"UWqsfeprVjal3R8Zxo\",\"publication_id\":\"3672\",\"is_active\":true,\"price_base_units\":11000,\"currency_alpha3\":\"usd\",\"period\":\"year\",\"created_at\":\"2025-08-18T15:10:23.235Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2025-08-18T15:10:23.235Z\",\"id\":\"237778\",\"payout_amount_base_units\":800,\"alternate_currencies\":{\"aud\":17000,\"brl\":59500,\"cad\":15500,\"chf\":9000,\"dkk\":70500,\"eur\":9500,\"gbp\":8500,\"mxn\":206000,\"nok\":112000,\"nzd\":19000,\"pln\":40000,\"sek\":105000},\"is_founding\":false,\"display_name\":\"Cold Eye Earth (Yearly)\",\"display_price\":\"$110\"}],\"founding_plan_name_english\":\"Institutions\",\"bundles\":[],\"base_url\":\"https://www.coldeye.earth\",\"hostname\":\"www.coldeye.earth\",\"is_on_substack\":false,\"spotify_podcast_settings\":null,\"unified_podcast_settings\":null,\"podcastPalette\":{\"DarkMuted\":{\"population\":72,\"rgb\":[73,153,137]},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"population\":6013,\"rgb\":[4,100,84]},\"LightMuted\":{\"population\":7,\"rgb\":[142,198,186]},\"LightVibrant\":{\"population\":3,\"rgb\":[166,214,206]},\"Muted\":{\"population\":6,\"rgb\":[92,164,156]},\"Vibrant\":{\"population\":5,\"rgb\":[76,164,146]}},\"pageThemes\":{\"podcast\":null},\"live_subscriber_counts\":false,\"supports_ip_content_unlock\":false,\"appTheme\":{\"colors\":{\"accent\":{\"name\":\"#890000\",\"primary\":{\"r\":137,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":114,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":114,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":137,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":0.2},\"contrast\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"bg\":{\"r\":137,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":0.2},\"bg_hover\":{\"r\":137,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":0.3},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":149,\"g\":20,\"b\":10,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":170,\"g\":44,\"b\":26,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":170,\"g\":44,\"b\":26,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":149,\"g\":20,\"b\":10,\"a\":0.2},\"contrast\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"bg\":{\"r\":149,\"g\":20,\"b\":10,\"a\":0.2},\"bg_hover\":{\"r\":149,\"g\":20,\"b\":10,\"a\":0.3}}},\"fg\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":0,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":0.8},\"secondary\":{\"r\":0,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":0.6},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":0,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":0.4},\"accent\":{\"r\":137,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":1},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.9},\"secondary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.6},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.4},\"accent\":{\"r\":216,\"g\":86,\"b\":60,\"a\":1}}},\"bg\":{\"name\":\"#ffffff\",\"hue\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0},\"tint\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0},\"primary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":250,\"g\":250,\"b\":250,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":250,\"g\":250,\"b\":250,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":238,\"g\":238,\"b\":238,\"a\":1},\"secondary_elevated\":{\"r\":206.90096477355226,\"g\":206.90096477355175,\"b\":206.9009647735519,\"a\":1},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":219,\"g\":219,\"b\":219,\"a\":1},\"quaternary\":{\"r\":182,\"g\":182,\"b\":182,\"a\":1},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":22,\"g\":23,\"b\":24,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":27,\"g\":28,\"b\":29,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":27,\"g\":28,\"b\":29,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":35,\"g\":37,\"b\":37,\"a\":1},\"secondary_elevated\":{\"r\":41.35899397549579,\"g\":43.405356429195315,\"b\":43.40489285041963,\"a\":1},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":54,\"g\":55,\"b\":55,\"a\":1},\"quaternary\":{\"r\":90,\"g\":91,\"b\":91,\"a\":1}}}},\"cover_image\":{\"url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!NMMe!,w_1200,h_400,c_pad,f_auto,q_auto:best,fl_progressive:steep,b_auto:border,b_rgb:FFFFFF/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff017c75f-4901-409e-9eec-77557b9a588a_1056x1056.png\",\"height\":1056,\"width\":3168}},\"portalAppTheme\":{\"colors\":{\"accent\":{\"name\":\"#890000\",\"primary\":{\"r\":137,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":112,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":137,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":137,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":1},\"contrast\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"bg\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":0.2},\"bg_hover\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":0.3},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":149,\"g\":20,\"b\":10,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":170,\"g\":44,\"b\":26,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":170,\"g\":44,\"b\":26,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":149,\"g\":20,\"b\":10,\"a\":0.2},\"contrast\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"bg\":{\"r\":149,\"g\":20,\"b\":10,\"a\":0.2},\"bg_hover\":{\"r\":149,\"g\":20,\"b\":10,\"a\":0.3}}},\"fg\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":54,\"g\":55,\"b\":55,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":134,\"g\":135,\"b\":135,\"a\":1},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":146,\"g\":146,\"b\":146,\"a\":1},\"accent\":{\"r\":137,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":1},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.9},\"secondary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.6},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.4},\"accent\":{\"r\":216,\"g\":86,\"b\":60,\"a\":1}}},\"bg\":{\"name\":\"#ffffff\",\"hue\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"tint\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":240,\"g\":240,\"b\":240,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":240,\"g\":240,\"b\":240,\"a\":1},\"secondary_elevated\":{\"r\":240,\"g\":240,\"b\":240,\"a\":1},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":221,\"g\":221,\"b\":221,\"a\":1},\"quaternary\":{\"r\":183,\"g\":183,\"b\":183,\"a\":1},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":22,\"g\":23,\"b\":24,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":27,\"g\":28,\"b\":29,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":27,\"g\":28,\"b\":29,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":35,\"g\":37,\"b\":37,\"a\":1},\"secondary_elevated\":{\"r\":41.35899397549579,\"g\":43.405356429195315,\"b\":43.40489285041963,\"a\":1},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":54,\"g\":55,\"b\":55,\"a\":1},\"quaternary\":{\"r\":90,\"g\":91,\"b\":91,\"a\":1}}},\"wordmark_bg\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1}}},\"logoPalette\":{\"Vibrant\":{\"rgb\":[241,40,17],\"population\":85},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[101,15,64],\"population\":31},\"LightVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[120,216,252],\"population\":5},\"Muted\":{\"rgb\":[84,132,156],\"population\":1},\"DarkMuted\":{\"rgb\":[115,81,61],\"population\":13},\"LightMuted\":{\"rgb\":[240,235,241],\"population\":91}}},\"confirmedLogin\":false,\"hide_intro_popup\":false,\"block_auto_login\":false,\"domainInfo\":{\"isSubstack\":false,\"customDomain\":\"www.coldeye.earth\"},\"experimentFeatures\":{},\"experimentExposures\":{},\"siteConfigs\":{\"score_upsell_email\":\"control\",\"first_chat_email_enabled\":true,\"reader-onboarding-promoted-pub\":737237,\"new_commenter_approval\":false,\"pub_update_opennode_api_key\":false,\"notes_video_max_duration_minutes\":15,\"show_content_label_age_gating_in_feed\":false,\"zendesk_automation_cancellations\":false,\"hide_book_a_meeting_button\":false,\"enable_saved_segments\":false,\"mfa_action_box_enabled\":false,\"publication_max_bylines\":35,\"no_contest_charge_disputes\":false,\"feed_posts_previously_seen_weight\":0.1,\"publication_tabs_reorder\":false,\"comp_expiry_email_new_copy\":\"NONE\",\"free_unlock_required\":false,\"enable_post_summarization\":false,\"live_stream_host_warning_message\":\"\",\"bitcoin_enabled\":false,\"minimum_ios_os_version\":\"17.0.0\",\"show_entire_square_image\":false,\"hide_subscriber_count\":false,\"fit_in_live_stream_player\":false,\"publication_author_display_override\":\"\",\"generate_pdf_tax_report\":false,\"hide_post_sidebar\":false,\"show_generic_post_importer\":false,\"enable_pledges_modal\":true,\"include_pdf_invoice\":false,\"automod_enabled_v0\":false,\"notes_weight_watch_video\":3,\"enable_react_dashboard\":false,\"meetings_v1\":false,\"enable_videos_page\":false,\"exempt_from_gtm_filter\":false,\"group_sections_and_podcasts_in_menu\":false,\"boost_optin_modal_enabled\":true,\"standards_and_enforcement_features_enabled\":false,\"pub_creation_captcha_behavior\":\"risky_pubs_or_rate_limit\",\"post_blogspot_importer\":false,\"notes_weight_short_item_boost\":0.15,\"enable_high_res_background_uploading\":false,\"pub_tts_override\":\"default\",\"disable_monthly_subscriptions\":false,\"skip_welcome_email\":false,\"chat_reader_thread_notification_default\":false,\"scheduled_pinned_posts\":false,\"disable_redirect_outbound_utm_params\":false,\"reader_gift_referrals_enabled\":true,\"dont_show_guest_byline\":false,\"like_comments_enabled\":true,\"enable_sponsorship_campaigns_advanced\":false,\"temporal_livestream_ended_draft\":true,\"enable_author_note_email_toggle\":false,\"meetings_embed_publication_name\":false,\"fallback_to_archive_search_on_section_pages\":false,\"livekit_track_egress_custom_base_url\":\"http://livekit-egress-custom-recorder-participant-test.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com\",\"welcome_screen_blurb_override\":\"\",\"notes_weight_low_impression_boost\":0.3,\"like_posts_enabled\":true,\"twitter_player_card_enabled\":true,\"feed_promoted_user\":false,\"show_note_stats_for_all_notes\":false,\"section_specific_csv_imports_enabled\":false,\"disable_podcast_feed_description_cta\":false,\"bypass_profile_substack_logo_detection\":false,\"use_preloaded_player_sources\":false,\"list_pruning_enabled\":false,\"facebook_connect\":false,\"opt_in_to_sections_during_subscribe\":false,\"dpn_weight_share\":2,\"underlined_colored_links\":false,\"enable_efficient_digest_embed\":false,\"extract_stripe_receipt_url\":false,\"enable_aligned_images\":false,\"max_image_upload_mb\":64,\"enable_drip_campaigns_custom\":false,\"threads_suggested_ios_version\":null,\"pledges_disabled\":false,\"threads_minimum_ios_version\":812,\"hide_podcast_email_setup_link\":false,\"subscribe_captcha_behavior\":\"default\",\"publication_ban_sample_rate\":0,\"enable_note_polls\":false,\"ios_enable_publication_activity_tab\":false,\"custom_themes_substack_subscribe_modal\":false,\"ios_post_share_assets_screenshot_trigger\":\"control\",\"opt_in_to_sections_during_subscribe_include_main_pub_newsletter\":false,\"continue_support_cta_in_newsletter_emails\":false,\"bloomberg_syndication_enabled\":false,\"lists_enabled\":false,\"adhoc_email_batch_delay_ms\":0,\"generated_database_maintenance_mode\":false,\"allow_document_freeze\":false,\"test_age_gate_user\":false,\"podcast_main_feed_is_firehose\":false,\"pub_app_incentive_gift\":\"\",\"no_embed_redirect\":false,\"customized_email_from_name_for_new_follow_emails\":\"treatment\",\"spotify_open_access_sandbox_mode\":false,\"disable_custom_nav_menu\":false,\"enable_livestream_name_cards\":false,\"fullstory_enabled\":false,\"chat_reply_poll_interval\":3,\"dpn_weight_follow_or_subscribe\":3,\"thefp_enable_email_upsell_banner\":false,\"force_pub_links_to_use_subdomain\":false,\"always_show_cookie_banner\":false,\"hide_media_download_option\":false,\"hide_post_restacks\":false,\"feed_item_source_debug_mode\":false,\"enable_comment_saves\":false,\"universal_post_translator\":\"control\",\"publication_homepage_title_display_override\":\"\",\"live_stream_founding_audience_enabled\":true,\"post_preview_highlight_byline\":false,\"4k_video\":false,\"enable_islands_section_intent_screen\":false,\"post_metering_enabled\":false,\"notifications_disabled\":\"\",\"cross_post_notification_threshold\":1000,\"facebook_connect_prod_app\":true,\"force_into_pymk_ranking\":false,\"minimum_android_version\":756,\"enable_transcription_translations\":false,\"use_og_image_as_twitter_image_for_post_previews\":false,\"always_use_podcast_channel_art_as_episode_art_in_rss\":false,\"seo_tier_override\":\"NONE\",\"editor_role_enabled\":false,\"no_follow_links\":false,\"publisher_api_enabled\":false,\"zendesk_support_priority\":\"default\",\"enable_post_clips_stats\":false,\"enable_subscriber_referrals_awards\":true,\"ios_profile_themes_feed_permalink_enabled\":false,\"use_publication_language_for_transcription\":false,\"show_substack_funded_gifts_tooltip\":true,\"disable_ai_transcription\":false,\"thread_permalink_preview_min_ios_version\":4192,\"android_toggle_on_website_enabled\":false,\"internal_android_enable_post_editor\":false,\"enable_reply_to_email_override\":false,\"automod_v0_viewer_side_enabled\":false,\"live_stream_creation_enabled\":true,\"disable_card_element_in_europe\":false,\"web_growth_item_promotion_threshold\":0,\"bundle_subscribe_enabled\":false,\"enable_web_typing_indicators\":false,\"web_vitals_sample_rate\":0,\"allow_live_stream_auto_takedown\":\"true\",\"mobile_publication_attachments_enabled\":false,\"enable_posts_to_segments\":false,\"ai_image_generation_enabled\":true,\"disable_personal_substack_initialization\":false,\"section_specific_welcome_pages\":false,\"local_payment_methods\":\"control\",\"publisher_api_cancel_comp\":false,\"posts_in_rss_feed\":20,\"publisher_dashboard_section_selector\":false,\"reader_surveys_platform_question_order\":\"36,1,4,2,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35\",\"developer_api_enabled\":false,\"login_guard_app_link_in_email\":true,\"community_moderators_enabled\":false,\"enable_custom_theme\":false,\"enable_self_serve_podcast_sync\":false,\"monthly_sub_is_one_off\":false,\"unread_notes_activity_digest\":\"control\",\"display_cookie_settings\":false,\"welcome_page_query_params\":false,\"enable_free_podcast_urls\":false,\"comp_expiry_emails_disabled\":false,\"enable_description_on_polls\":false,\"use_microlink_for_instagram_embeds\":false,\"free_signup_confirmation_behavior\":\"with_email_validation\",\"email_post_stats_v2\":true,\"ios_post_stats_for_admins\":false,\"enable_design_templates\":false,\"use_livestream_post_media_composition\":true,\"section_specific_preambles\":false,\"pub_export_temp_disable\":false,\"show_menu_on_posts\":false,\"ios_post_subscribe_web_routing\":true,\"ios_writer_stats_public_launch_v2\":false,\"include_thumbnail_book_cover_layouts\":false,\"enable_android_post_stats\":false,\"app_onboarding_survey_email\":false,\"republishing_enabled\":false,\"app_mode\":false,\"show_phone_banner\":true,\"live_stream_video_enhancer\":\"internal\",\"minimum_ios_version\":2200,\"enable_author_pages\":false,\"enable_decagon_chat\":true,\"first_month_upsell\":\"control\",\"enable_subscriber_tags\":false,\"new_user_checklist_enabled\":\"use_follower_count\",\"latex_upgraded_inline\":false,\"rss_verification_code\":\"\",\"notification_post_emails\":\"experiment\",\"notes_weight_follow\":3.8,\"chat_suppress_contributor_push_option_enabled\":false,\"caption_presets_enabled\":false,\"media_feed_app_prepend_inbox_limit\":0,\"export_hooks_enabled\":false,\"audio_encoding_bitrate\":null,\"bestseller_pub_override\":false,\"extra_seats_coupon_type\":false,\"post_subdomain_universal_links\":false,\"post_import_max_file_size\":26214400,\"feed_promoted_video_publication\":false,\"livekit_reconnect_slate_url\":\"https://mux-livestream-assets.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/custom-disconnect-slate-tall.png\",\"exclude_from_pymk_suggestions\":false,\"publication_ranking_variant\":\"experiment\",\"disable_annual_subscriptions\":false,\"hack_jane_manchun_wong\":true,\"android_enable_auto_gain_control\":true,\"enable_android_dms\":false,\"allow_coupons_on_upgrade\":false,\"test_au_age_gate_user\":false,\"pub_auto_moderation_enabled\":false,\"disable_live_stream_ai_trimming_by_default\":false,\"disable_deletion\":false,\"ios_default_coupon_enabled\":false,\"notes_weight_read_post\":5,\"notes_weight_reply\":3,\"livekit_egress_custom_base_url\":\"http://livekit-egress-custom-recorder.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com\",\"clip_focused_video_upload_flow\":false,\"live_stream_max_guest_users\":2,\"android_upgrade_alert_dialog_reincarnated\":true,\"enable_video_seo_data\":false,\"can_reimport_unsubscribed_users_with_2x_optin\":false,\"feed_posts_weight_subscribed\":0,\"founding_upgrade_during_gift_disabled\":false,\"review_incoming_email\":\"default\",\"enable_founding_gifts\":false,\"enable_creator_agency_pages\":false,\"enable_sponsorship_campaigns\":false,\"thread_permalink_preview_min_android_version\":2037,\"show_open_post_as_pdf_button\":true,\"thefp_enable_embed_media_links\":false,\"sort_modal_search_results\":false,\"default_thumbnail_time\":10,\"pub_ranking_weight_retained_engagement\":1,\"load_test_unichat\":false,\"notes_read_post_baseline\":0,\"live_stream_head_alignment_guide\":false,\"free_press_combo_subscribe_flow_enabled\":false,\"thefp_forum_beta\":false,\"enable_publication_tax_settings\":false,\"pub_ranking_weight_immediate_engagement\":0.5,\"use_advanced_fonts\":true,\"gifts_from_substack_feature_available\":true,\"disable_ai_clips\":false,\"enable_elevenlabs_voiceovers\":false,\"post_viewer_pledge_cta\":\"experiment\",\"thefp_enable_transcripts\":false,\"show_simple_post_editor\":false,\"instacart_integration_enabled\":false,\"enable_publication_podcasts_page\":false,\"ios_note_composer_settings_enabled\":false,\"android_v2_post_video_player_enabled\":false,\"enable_direct_message_request_bypass\":false,\"enable_apple_news_sync\":false,\"live_stream_in_trending_topic_overrides\":\"\",\"free_press_newsletter_promo_enabled\":false,\"disable_live_stream_reactions\":false,\"feed_posts_weight_negative\":2.5,\"instacart_partner_id\":\"\",\"clip_generation_3rd_party_vendor\":\"internal\",\"media_feed_prepend_inbox_limit\":35,\"welcome_page_no_opt_out\":false,\"notes_weight_negative\":1,\"notes_weight_click_see_more\":2,\"post_end_pledge_cta\":\"experiment\",\"edit_profile_theme_colors\":false,\"notes_weight_like\":2.4,\"disable_clipping_for_readers\":false,\"feed_posts_weight_share\":6,\"feed_posts_weight_reply\":3,\"feed_posts_weight_like\":1.5,\"feed_posts_weight_save\":3,\"enable_press_kit_preview_modal\":false,\"dpn_weight_tap_clickbait_penalty\":0.5,\"feed_posts_weight_sign_up\":4,\"live_stream_video_degradation_preference\":\"maintainFramerate\",\"enable_high_follower_dm\":true,\"pause_app_badges\":false,\"android_enable_publication_activity_tab\":false,\"profile_feed_expanded_inventory\":false,\"phone_verification_fallback_to_twilio\":false,\"livekit_mux_latency_mode\":\"low\",\"feed_juiced_user\":0,\"notes_click_see_more_baseline\":0.35,\"enable_polymarket_expandable_embeds\":true,\"ios_offline_mode_enabled\":true,\"android_enable_user_status_ui\":false,\"use_advanced_commerce_api_for_iap\":false,\"skip_free_preview_language_in_podcast_notes\":false,\"larger_wordmark_on_publication_homepage\":false,\"video_editor_full_screen\":false,\"enable_mobile_stats_for_admins\":false,\"ios_profile_themes_note_composer_enabled\":false,\"enable_persona_sandbox_environment\":false,\"notes_weight_click_item\":3,\"polymarket_minimum_confidence_for_trending_topics\":60,\"notes_weight_long_visit\":1,\"create_nav_item_from_tag\":false,\"bypass_single_unlock_token_limit\":false,\"notes_watch_video_baseline\":0.08,\"add_section_and_tag_metadata\":false,\"daily_promoted_notes_enabled\":true,\"enable_islands_cms\":false,\"enable_livestream_combined_stats\":false,\"chartbeat_video_enabled\":false,\"enable_drip_campaigns\":false,\"adhoc_email_batch_size\":5000,\"post_management_search_engine\":\"elasticsearch\",\"new_bestseller_leaderboard_feed_item_enabled\":false,\"feed_main_disabled\":false,\"enable_account_settings_revamp\":false,\"allowed_email_domains\":\"one\",\"thefp_enable_fp_recirc_block\":false,\"top_search_variant\":\"control\",\"enable_debug_logs_ios\":false,\"show_pub_content_on_profile_for_pub_id\":0,\"show_pub_content_on_profile\":false,\"livekit_track_egress\":true,\"onboarding_suggestions_search\":\"experiment\",\"feed_tuner_enabled\":false,\"livekit_mux_latency_mode_rtmp\":\"low\",\"live_stream_replay\":true,\"livekit_high_quality_egress\":false,\"dpn_weight_tap_bonus_subscribed\":0,\"iap_announcement_blog_url\":\"\",\"ios_livestream_feedback\":false,\"founding_plan_upgrade_warning\":false,\"dpn_weight_like\":3,\"dpn_weight_short_session\":1,\"ios_mediaplayer_reply_bar_v2\":false,\"enable_notification_email_batching\":true,\"notes_weight_follow_boost\":10,\"ios_hide_portal_tab_bar\":false,\"follow_upsell_rollout_percentage\":30,\"enable_web_pogs\":false,\"live_stream_invite_ttl_seconds\":900000,\"include_founding_plans_coupon_option\":false,\"thefp_enable_cancellation_discount_offer\":false,\"dpn_weight_reply\":2,\"android_enable_edit_profile_theme\":false,\"dpn_weight_follow\":3,\"enable_adhoc_email_batching\":0,\"notes_weight_author_low_impression_boost\":0.2,\"disable_audio_enhancement\":false,\"pub_search_variant\":\"control\",\"ignore_video_in_notes_length_limit\":false,\"notes_weight_click_share\":3,\"allow_long_videos\":true,\"feed_posts_weight_long_click\":15,\"dpn_score_threshold\":0,\"dpn_weight_follow_bonus\":0.5,\"enable_fullscreen_post_live_end_screen\":false,\"use_enhanced_video_embed_player\":true,\"thefp_forum_enabled\":false,\"enable_viewing_all_livestream_viewers\":false,\"send_subscription_canceled_email\":false,\"enable_clip_prompt_variant_filtering\":true,\"chartbeat_enabled\":false,\"dpn_weight_disable\":10,\"dpn_ranking_enabled\":true,\"enable_custom_email_css\":false,\"dpn_model_variant\":\"experiment\",\"enable_apple_podcast_auto_publish\":false,\"linkedin_profile_search_enabled\":false,\"publication_has_own_app\":false,\"suggested_minimum_ios_version\":0,\"dpn_weight_open\":2.5,\"enable_notes_admins\":false,\"trending_topics_module_long_term_experiment\":\"control\",\"ios_listen_tab_v3\":\"control\",\"enable_suggested_searches\":true,\"enable_subscription_notification_email_batching\":true,\"a24_redemption_link\":\"\",\"dpn_weight_tap\":2.5,\"ios_live_stream_auto_gain_enabled\":true,\"dpn_weight_restack\":2,\"dpn_weight_negative\":40,\"enable_publication_tts_player\":false,\"thefp_show_pub_app_callout_on_post\":false,\"galleried_feed_attachments\":true,\"search_retrieval_variant\":\"experiment\",\"session_version_invalidation_enabled\":true,\"forced_featured_topic_id\":\"\",\"ios_audio_captions_disabled\":false,\"web_chat_user_search\":true,\"related_posts_enabled\":false,\"ios_live_stream_pip_dismiss_v4\":\"control\",\"thefp_forum_custom_slug\":null,\"reply_rate_limit_max_distinct_users_daily\":110,\"galleried_feed_attachments_in_composer\":false,\"publisher_banner\":\"\",\"mobile_user_attachments_enabled\":false,\"ios_founding_upgrade_button_in_portals_v2\":\"control\",\"feed_weight_language_mismatch_penalty\":0.6,\"enable_high_res_recording_workflow\":false,\"people_you_may_know_algorithm\":\"experiment\",\"enable_sponsorship_profile\":false,\"ios_founding_upgrade_button_in_portals\":\"control\",\"reply_rate_limit_max_distinct_users_monthly\":600,\"enable_subscriber_perks\":false,\"desktop_live_stream_screen_share_audio_enabled\":false,\"enable_high_res_background_uploading_session_recovery\":false,\"search_ranker_variant\":\"control\",\"dpn_weight_long_session\":2,\"portal_ranking_variant\":\"experiment\",\"activity_item_ranking_variant\":\"experiment\",\"android_polymarket_embed_search\":false,\"ios_onboarding_new_user_survey\":\"control\",\"android_enable_draft_notes\":true,\"permalink_reply_ranking_variant\":\"experiment\",\"allow_feed_category_filtering\":false,\"private_live_streaming_enabled\":true,\"desktop_live_stream_safe_framing\":0.8},\"publicationSettings\":{\"block_ai_crawlers\":false,\"credit_token_enabled\":false,\"custom_tos_and_privacy\":false,\"did_identity\":null,\"disable_optimistic_bank_payments\":false,\"display_welcome_page_details\":true,\"enable_meetings\":false,\"payment_pledges_enabled\":false,\"enable_drop_caps\":false,\"enable_post_page_conversion\":true,\"enable_prev_next_nav\":false,\"enable_restacking\":true,\"gifts_from_substack_disabled\":false,\"google_analytics_4_token\":null,\"group_sections_and_podcasts_in_menu_enabled\":false,\"live_stream_homepage_visibility\":\"contributorsAndAdmins\",\"live_stream_homepage_style\":\"autoPlay\",\"live_stream_replay_enabled\":true,\"medium_length_description\":\"The Gregor Letter seeks to resolve the ongoing problem of excessive pessimism and excessive optimism in energy sector coverage by reaching instead for accuracy. \",\"notes_feed_enabled\":false,\"paywall_unlock_tokens\":false,\"post_preview_crop_gravity\":\"center\",\"post_preview_radius\":\"xs\",\"reader_referrals_enabled\":true,\"reader_referrals_leaderboard_enabled\":true,\"seen_coming_soon_explainer\":false,\"seen_google_analytics_migration_modal\":false,\"local_currency_modal_seen\":true,\"local_payment_methods_modal_seen\":true,\"twitter_pixel_signup_event_id\":null,\"twitter_pixel_subscribe_event_id\":null,\"use_local_currency\":true,\"welcome_page_opt_out_text\":\"No thanks\",\"cookie_settings\":\"\",\"show_restacks_below_posts\":true,\"holiday_gifting_post_header\":false,\"homepage_message_text\":\"\",\"homepage_message_link\":\"\",\"about_us_author_ids\":\"\",\"archived_section_ids\":\"\",\"column_section_ids\":\"\",\"fp_primary_column_section_ids\":\"\",\"event_section_ids\":\"\",\"podcasts_metadata\":\"\",\"video_section_ids\":\"\",\"post_metering_enabled\":false,\"use_custom_theme\":false,\"reply_rules\":null,\"automatic_moderation_enabled\":true,\"auto_translate_enabled\":true,\"high_res_recording_beta\":false},\"publicationUserSettings\":null,\"userSettings\":{\"user_id\":null,\"activity_likes_enabled\":true,\"dashboard_nav_refresh_enabled\":false,\"is_guest_post_enabled\":true,\"invite_friends_nux_dismissed_at\":null,\"suggestions_feed_item_last_shown_at\":null,\"last_notification_alert_shown_at\":null,\"disable_reply_hiding\":false,\"newest_seen_chat_item_published_at\":null,\"explicitContentEnabled\":false,\"contactMatchingEnabled\":false,\"messageRequestLevel\":\"everyone\",\"liveStreamAcceptableInviteLevel\":\"everyone\",\"liveStreamAcceptableChatLevel\":\"everyone\",\"creditTokensTreatmentExposed\":false,\"appBadgeIncludesChat\":false,\"autoPlayVideo\":true,\"smart_delivery_enabled\":false,\"chatbotTermsLastAcceptedAt\":null,\"has_seen_notes_post_app_upsell\":false,\"first_note_id\":null,\"show_concurrent_live_stream_viewers\":false,\"edit_profile_feed_item_dismissed_at\":null,\"mobile_permalink_app_upsell_seen_at\":null,\"new_user_checklist_enabled\":false,\"has_seen_youtube_shorts_auto_publish_announcement\":false,\"has_seen_publish_youtube_connect_upsell\":false,\"notificationQualityFilterEnabled\":true,\"hasSeenOnboardingNewslettersScreen\":false,\"bestsellerBadgeEnabled\":true,\"hasSelfIdentifiedAsCreator\":false,\"autoTranslateEnabled\":true,\"autoTranslateBlocklist\":[]},\"subscriberCountDetails\":\"thousands of subscribers\",\"mux_env_key\":\"u42pci814i6011qg3segrcpp9\",\"persona_environment_id\":\"env_o1Lbk4JhpY4PmvNkwaBdYwe5Fzkt\",\"sentry_environment\":\"production\",\"launchWelcomePage\":false,\"pendingInviteForActiveLiveStream\":null,\"isEligibleForLiveStreamCreation\":true,\"webviewPlatform\":null,\"twitterCardUrl\":null,\"welcomePageData\":{\"blurbs\":[],\"topThreePosts\":[{\"id\":153477172,\"editor_v2\":false,\"publication_id\":3672,\"title\":\"Revenge of the Fossil Fuels\",\"social_title\":null,\"search_engine_title\":null,\"search_engine_description\":null,\"type\":\"newsletter\",\"slug\":\"revenge-of-the-fossil-fuels\",\"post_date\":\"2024-12-23T08:02:39.867Z\",\"audience\":\"everyone\",\"podcast_duration\":null,\"video_upload_id\":null,\"podcast_upload_id\":null,\"write_comment_permissions\":\"none\",\"should_send_free_preview\":false,\"free_unlock_required\":false,\"default_comment_sort\":null,\"canonical_url\":\"https://www.coldeye.earth/p/revenge-of-the-fossil-fuels\",\"section_id\":null,\"top_exclusions\":[],\"pins\":[],\"is_section_pinned\":false,\"section_slug\":null,\"section_name\":null,\"reactions\":{\"\u2764\":45},\"restacks\":9,\"restacked_post_id\":null,\"restacked_post_slug\":null,\"restacked_pub_name\":null,\"restacked_pub_logo_url\":null,\"position\":1,\"subtitle\":\"Monday 23 December 2024\",\"cover_image\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-UG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6d9435c-fa96-4eb0-be10-c5182b736033_1600x900.png\",\"cover_image_is_square\":false,\"cover_image_is_explicit\":false,\"podcast_url\":null,\"videoUpload\":null,\"podcastFields\":{\"post_id\":153477172,\"podcast_episode_number\":null,\"podcast_season_number\":null,\"podcast_episode_type\":null,\"should_syndicate_to_other_feed\":null,\"syndicate_to_section_id\":null,\"hide_from_feed\":false,\"free_podcast_url\":null,\"free_podcast_duration\":null,\"preview_contains_ad\":false},\"podcast_preview_upload_id\":null,\"podcastUpload\":null,\"podcastPreviewUpload\":null,\"voiceover_upload_id\":null,\"voiceoverUpload\":null,\"has_voiceover\":false,\"description\":\"Monday 23 December 2024\",\"body_json\":null,\"body_html\":null,\"truncated_body_text\":\"Natural gas prices are so low they should be making headlines. Just how cheap is American gas these days? Imagine walking into a supermarket this week to buy last minute items for Christmas and discovering that everything has been marked down to prices last seen in 1999. Yes, that cheap. The average price for a million btu of\",\"wordcount\":2222,\"post_preview_limit\":null,\"language\":\"en\",\"postTags\":[],\"teaser_post_eligible\":true,\"postCountryBlocks\":[],\"headlineTest\":null,\"coverImagePalette\":{\"Vibrant\":{\"rgb\":[222,161,109],\"population\":912},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[4,22,31],\"population\":171},\"LightVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[244,180,130],\"population\":5},\"Muted\":{\"rgb\":[168,108,77],\"population\":210},\"DarkMuted\":{\"rgb\":[87,59,46],\"population\":224},\"LightMuted\":{\"rgb\":[206,185,167],\"population\":178}},\"publishedBylines\":[{\"id\":1082971,\"name\":\"Gregor Macdonald\",\"handle\":\"gregormacdonald\",\"previous_name\":null,\"photo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/55091372-7b79-4f71-9de7-26f5fbeba13b_300x313.jpeg\",\"bio\":\"Journalist covering cities, climate, and energy. \",\"profile_set_up_at\":\"2021-08-01T16:18:58.356Z\",\"reader_installed_at\":\"2022-12-14T17:21:27.286Z\",\"publicationUsers\":[{\"id\":134162,\"user_id\":1082971,\"publication_id\":3672,\"role\":\"admin\",\"public\":true,\"is_primary\":true,\"publication\":{\"id\":3672,\"name\":\"Cold Eye Earth\",\"subdomain\":\"gregor\",\"custom_domain\":\"www.coldeye.earth\",\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"hero_text\":\"tracking the progress of energy transition\",\"logo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f017c75f-4901-409e-9eec-77557b9a588a_1056x1056.png\",\"author_id\":1082971,\"primary_user_id\":1082971,\"theme_var_background_pop\":\"#890000\",\"created_at\":\"2018-11-16T15:57:42.430Z\",\"email_from_name\":\"Cold Eye Earth\",\"copyright\":\"Gregor Macdonald\",\"founding_plan_name\":\"Institutions\",\"community_enabled\":true,\"invite_only\":false,\"payments_state\":\"enabled\",\"language\":null,\"explicit\":false,\"homepage_type\":\"newspaper\",\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"logo_url_wide\":null}}],\"twitter_screen_name\":\"GregorMacdonald\",\"is_guest\":false,\"bestseller_tier\":100,\"status\":{\"bestsellerTier\":100,\"subscriberTier\":1,\"leaderboard\":null,\"vip\":false,\"badge\":{\"type\":\"bestseller\",\"tier\":100},\"paidPublicationIds\":[7876560],\"subscriber\":null}}],\"reaction\":null,\"reaction_count\":45,\"comment_count\":0,\"child_comment_count\":0,\"audio_items\":[{\"post_id\":153477172,\"voice_id\":\"en-US-OnyxTurboMultilingualNeural\",\"audio_url\":\"https://substack-video.s3.amazonaws.com/video_upload/post/153477172/tts/a69e696b-1029-4196-9f5e-0d435ccaa620/en-US-OnyxTurboMultilingualNeural.mp3\",\"type\":\"tts\",\"status\":\"completed\"}],\"is_geoblocked\":false,\"hasCashtag\":false},{\"id\":156317332,\"editor_v2\":false,\"publication_id\":3672,\"title\":\"Momentum Lost\",\"social_title\":null,\"search_engine_title\":null,\"search_engine_description\":null,\"type\":\"newsletter\",\"slug\":\"momentum-lost\",\"post_date\":\"2025-02-03T08:03:54.804Z\",\"audience\":\"everyone\",\"podcast_duration\":null,\"video_upload_id\":null,\"podcast_upload_id\":null,\"write_comment_permissions\":\"none\",\"should_send_free_preview\":false,\"free_unlock_required\":false,\"default_comment_sort\":null,\"canonical_url\":\"https://www.coldeye.earth/p/momentum-lost\",\"section_id\":null,\"top_exclusions\":[],\"pins\":[],\"is_section_pinned\":false,\"section_slug\":null,\"section_name\":null,\"reactions\":{\"\u2764\":19},\"restacks\":7,\"restacked_post_id\":null,\"restacked_post_slug\":null,\"restacked_pub_name\":null,\"restacked_pub_logo_url\":null,\"position\":2,\"subtitle\":\"Monday 3 February 2025\",\"cover_image\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ym6_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9134820c-d227-4e79-9657-bd4a844741f0_2048x1366.jpeg\",\"cover_image_is_square\":false,\"cover_image_is_explicit\":false,\"podcast_url\":null,\"videoUpload\":null,\"podcastFields\":{\"post_id\":156317332,\"podcast_episode_number\":null,\"podcast_season_number\":null,\"podcast_episode_type\":null,\"should_syndicate_to_other_feed\":null,\"syndicate_to_section_id\":null,\"hide_from_feed\":false,\"free_podcast_url\":null,\"free_podcast_duration\":null,\"preview_contains_ad\":false},\"podcast_preview_upload_id\":null,\"podcastUpload\":null,\"podcastPreviewUpload\":null,\"voiceover_upload_id\":null,\"voiceoverUpload\":null,\"has_voiceover\":false,\"description\":\"Monday 3 February 2025\",\"body_json\":null,\"body_html\":null,\"truncated_body_text\":\"\",\"wordcount\":2220,\"post_preview_limit\":null,\"language\":\"en\",\"postTags\":[],\"teaser_post_eligible\":true,\"postCountryBlocks\":[],\"headlineTest\":null,\"coverImagePalette\":{\"Vibrant\":{\"rgb\":[203,107,59],\"population\":486},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[111,48,19],\"population\":20},\"LightVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[243,200,131],\"population\":19},\"Muted\":{\"rgb\":[155,118,93],\"population\":32},\"DarkMuted\":{\"rgb\":[85,53,41],\"population\":470},\"LightMuted\":{\"rgb\":[188,164,140],\"population\":1}},\"publishedBylines\":[{\"id\":1082971,\"name\":\"Gregor Macdonald\",\"handle\":\"gregormacdonald\",\"previous_name\":null,\"photo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/55091372-7b79-4f71-9de7-26f5fbeba13b_300x313.jpeg\",\"bio\":\"Journalist covering cities, climate, and energy. \",\"profile_set_up_at\":\"2021-08-01T16:18:58.356Z\",\"reader_installed_at\":\"2022-12-14T17:21:27.286Z\",\"publicationUsers\":[{\"id\":134162,\"user_id\":1082971,\"publication_id\":3672,\"role\":\"admin\",\"public\":true,\"is_primary\":true,\"publication\":{\"id\":3672,\"name\":\"Cold Eye Earth\",\"subdomain\":\"gregor\",\"custom_domain\":\"www.coldeye.earth\",\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"hero_text\":\"tracking the progress of energy transition\",\"logo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f017c75f-4901-409e-9eec-77557b9a588a_1056x1056.png\",\"author_id\":1082971,\"primary_user_id\":1082971,\"theme_var_background_pop\":\"#890000\",\"created_at\":\"2018-11-16T15:57:42.430Z\",\"email_from_name\":\"Cold Eye Earth\",\"copyright\":\"Gregor Macdonald\",\"founding_plan_name\":\"Institutions\",\"community_enabled\":true,\"invite_only\":false,\"payments_state\":\"enabled\",\"language\":null,\"explicit\":false,\"homepage_type\":\"newspaper\",\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"logo_url_wide\":null}}],\"twitter_screen_name\":\"GregorMacdonald\",\"is_guest\":false,\"bestseller_tier\":100,\"status\":{\"bestsellerTier\":100,\"subscriberTier\":1,\"leaderboard\":null,\"vip\":false,\"badge\":{\"type\":\"bestseller\",\"tier\":100},\"paidPublicationIds\":[7876560],\"subscriber\":null}}],\"reaction\":null,\"reaction_count\":19,\"comment_count\":0,\"child_comment_count\":0,\"audio_items\":[{\"post_id\":156317332,\"voice_id\":\"en-US-OnyxTurboMultilingualNeural\",\"audio_url\":\"https://substack-video.s3.amazonaws.com/video_upload/post/156317332/tts/d49bcd54-1de9-4f8a-8a0a-4a0b61dcded4/en-US-OnyxTurboMultilingualNeural.mp3\",\"type\":\"tts\",\"status\":\"completed\"}],\"is_geoblocked\":false,\"hasCashtag\":false},{\"id\":32276228,\"editor_v2\":false,\"publication_id\":3672,\"title\":\"Blown Away\",\"social_title\":null,\"search_engine_title\":null,\"search_engine_description\":null,\"type\":\"newsletter\",\"slug\":\"blown-away\",\"post_date\":\"2021-02-08T08:05:07.453Z\",\"audience\":\"everyone\",\"podcast_duration\":null,\"video_upload_id\":null,\"podcast_upload_id\":null,\"write_comment_permissions\":\"none\",\"should_send_free_preview\":false,\"free_unlock_required\":false,\"default_comment_sort\":null,\"canonical_url\":\"https://www.coldeye.earth/p/blown-away\",\"section_id\":null,\"top_exclusions\":[],\"pins\":[],\"is_section_pinned\":false,\"section_slug\":null,\"section_name\":null,\"reactions\":{\"\u2764\":2},\"restacks\":0,\"restacked_post_id\":null,\"restacked_post_slug\":null,\"restacked_pub_name\":null,\"restacked_pub_logo_url\":null,\"position\":3,\"subtitle\":\"Monday 8 February 2021\",\"cover_image\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vVqX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faa7669fb-beaa-4710-925c-c831a147be3d_1280x854.jpeg\",\"cover_image_is_square\":false,\"cover_image_is_explicit\":false,\"podcast_url\":null,\"videoUpload\":null,\"podcastFields\":null,\"podcast_preview_upload_id\":null,\"podcastUpload\":null,\"podcastPreviewUpload\":null,\"voiceover_upload_id\":null,\"voiceoverUpload\":null,\"has_voiceover\":false,\"description\":\"Monday 8 February 2021\",\"body_json\":null,\"body_html\":null,\"truncated_body_text\":\"US wind power soared last year to provide 9% of the country\u2019s electricity generation. The data comes from EIA Washington, and is an early estimate as we await final numbers for December. The latest advance makes 2020 the biggest year ever for wind capacity growth, in absolute terms, with the US\",\"wordcount\":2311,\"post_preview_limit\":null,\"language\":\"en\",\"postTags\":[],\"teaser_post_eligible\":true,\"postCountryBlocks\":[],\"headlineTest\":null,\"coverImagePalette\":{\"Vibrant\":{\"rgb\":[126.55555555555557,128.44444444444443,128.44444444444443],\"population\":0},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[65.80888888888889,66.79111111111112,66.79111111111112],\"population\":0},\"LightVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[188.2088888888889,189.1911111111111,189.1911111111111],\"population\":0},\"Muted\":{\"rgb\":[121,123,123],\"population\":193},\"DarkMuted\":{\"rgb\":[63,68,68],\"population\":79},\"LightMuted\":{\"rgb\":[187,188,188],\"population\":514}},\"publishedBylines\":[{\"id\":1082971,\"name\":\"Gregor Macdonald\",\"handle\":\"gregormacdonald\",\"previous_name\":null,\"photo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/55091372-7b79-4f71-9de7-26f5fbeba13b_300x313.jpeg\",\"bio\":\"Journalist covering cities, climate, and energy. \",\"profile_set_up_at\":\"2021-08-01T16:18:58.356Z\",\"reader_installed_at\":\"2022-12-14T17:21:27.286Z\",\"publicationUsers\":[{\"id\":134162,\"user_id\":1082971,\"publication_id\":3672,\"role\":\"admin\",\"public\":true,\"is_primary\":true,\"publication\":{\"id\":3672,\"name\":\"Cold Eye Earth\",\"subdomain\":\"gregor\",\"custom_domain\":\"www.coldeye.earth\",\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"hero_text\":\"tracking the progress of energy transition\",\"logo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f017c75f-4901-409e-9eec-77557b9a588a_1056x1056.png\",\"author_id\":1082971,\"primary_user_id\":1082971,\"theme_var_background_pop\":\"#890000\",\"created_at\":\"2018-11-16T15:57:42.430Z\",\"email_from_name\":\"Cold Eye Earth\",\"copyright\":\"Gregor Macdonald\",\"founding_plan_name\":\"Institutions\",\"community_enabled\":true,\"invite_only\":false,\"payments_state\":\"enabled\",\"language\":null,\"explicit\":false,\"homepage_type\":\"newspaper\",\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"logo_url_wide\":null}}],\"twitter_screen_name\":\"GregorMacdonald\",\"is_guest\":false,\"bestseller_tier\":100,\"status\":{\"bestsellerTier\":100,\"subscriberTier\":1,\"leaderboard\":null,\"vip\":false,\"badge\":{\"type\":\"bestseller\",\"tier\":100},\"paidPublicationIds\":[7876560],\"subscriber\":null}}],\"reaction\":null,\"reaction_count\":2,\"comment_count\":0,\"child_comment_count\":0,\"is_geoblocked\":false,\"hasCashtag\":false}],\"topThreeSubscribers\":[{\"id\":669844,\"name\":\"Gordon Marlatt\",\"photo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a385187f-c5ed-45f8-9ae7-6d9e267665cb_144x144.png\",\"bestseller_tier\":null,\"primary_publication\":{\"id\":5738477,\"subdomain\":\"gordonmarlatt\",\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"name\":\"Gordon\u2019s Substack\",\"logo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a385187f-c5ed-45f8-9ae7-6d9e267665cb_144x144.png\",\"author_id\":669844,\"user_id\":669844,\"handles_enabled\":false,\"explicit\":false,\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"payments_state\":\"disabled\",\"pledges_enabled\":true,\"ios_app_payments_enabled\":false},\"is_subscribed\":false},{\"id\":957794,\"name\":\"Michael Gjerde\",\"photo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ce67a070-1f84-4080-ab00-a22f1d07ef92_4032x3024.jpeg\",\"bestseller_tier\":null,\"primary_publication\":{\"id\":2984171,\"subdomain\":\"michaelgjerde\",\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"name\":\"Michael Gjerde\",\"author_id\":957794,\"user_id\":957794,\"handles_enabled\":false,\"explicit\":false,\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"payments_state\":\"disabled\",\"pledges_enabled\":true,\"ios_app_payments_enabled\":false},\"is_subscribed\":false},{\"id\":1438388,\"name\":\"Harry Benham\",\"photo_url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HIc9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28f7c238-35fd-45c9-b3cd-f8d32e7fed74_1620x916.jpeg\",\"bestseller_tier\":null,\"primary_publication\":{\"id\":2137573,\"subdomain\":\"harrybenham\",\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"name\":\"The Manufacturing of Energy\",\"logo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3b918ece-e529-4fec-b240-ca8ca0b277b5_916x916.png\",\"author_id\":1438388,\"user_id\":1438388,\"handles_enabled\":false,\"explicit\":false,\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"payments_state\":\"disabled\",\"pledges_enabled\":false,\"ios_app_payments_enabled\":false},\"is_subscribed\":false}]},\"activeLiveStream\":null,\"freeTrialCoupon\":{\"id\":\"e66ae08f\",\"trial_period_days\":7},\"defaultCoupon\":null,\"isChatActive\":false,\"features\":{},\"browser\":{},\"showCookieBanner\":false,\"disabledCookies\":[],\"dd_env\":\"prod\",\"dd_ti\":true,\"mainBundleCSS\":[\"https://substackcdn.com/bundle/theme/main.9af24e87e164c5f62481.css\",\"https://substackcdn.com/bundle/theme/color_links.c9908948e2f4e05476e6.css\"]}")</script>
        <script>window._analyticsConfig = JSON.parse("{\"properties\":{\"subdomain\":\"gregor\",\"publication_id\":3672,\"has_plans\":true,\"pub_community_enabled\":true,\"is_personal_publication\":false,\"is_subscribed\":false,\"is_free_subscribed\":false,\"is_author\":false,\"is_contributor\":false,\"is_admin\":false,\"is_founding\":false},\"adwordsAccountId\":\"AW-316245675\",\"adwordsEventSendTo\":\"Tf76CKqcyL4DEKuN5pYB\"}")</script>
        

        
        
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/25226.b0355fa8.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/43876.36519dd7.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/75058.b97e9812.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/33021.bcd28f13.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/23553.492f3b3c.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/36995.5484df01.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/97957.172adeaa.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/95567.f0748c69.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/67562.6e0618eb.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/94551.a4ab5eef.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/99795.d3b6c702.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/55091.6a764318.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/90080.e8412cdd.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/382.91a8d686.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/56938.ad0865b4.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/55370.f0400a20.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/88491.b4ef4335.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/43899.fc94c91a.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/71362.230f3398.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/40893.f0116ba3.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/76718.b8eca4b0.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/57328.80e06f36.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/76545.728de809.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/46840.7eb1b188.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/64788.72f53a82.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/47596.b4dbf43b.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/96815.9f1058f6.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/30273.a98d4ab1.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/52777.27b4820d.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/41324.83629b42.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/32732.96e1ddf7.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/92442.7f9f1ee0.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/welcome.733340e2.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/41129.aacffbb4.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/1327.a8bf453d.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/47079.352250e7.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/47800.f266e0e8.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/81669.5e3081d6.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/90366.e09321f2.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/91758.03816308.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/7011.c35189c9.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/14806.72098a45.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/43841.3af61d48.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/36667.e7d09184.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/62311.5797b5c4.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/55674.7a619f92.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/60297.a9031098.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/7767.3a125584.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/48102.b0ee2321.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/92792.4b69e2ee.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/65272.3b68875b.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/99829.58b9f1b3.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/83876.f3f6c5bc.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/20711.4351f67c.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/51751.2a4aeba9.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/70527.bab5f6f6.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/5920.88427571.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/93144.d0826e3e.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/96619.a13904c7.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/12241.80d51eb0.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/15614.08fd35ae.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/65100.7639f7bd.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/82964.3789b35a.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/6853.e5ff015b.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/39966.3958da9f.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/97812.b0001271.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/47104.ff63473a.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/5637.b8fd2575.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/67395.349d69db.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/22320.066770d8.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/32307.331d4790.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/64788.72f53a82.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/93975.dacf0ee1.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/83002.92c2080e.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/44176.b0accbfa.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/11578.5f433665.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/5299.ba3a9ed2.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/62204.c59d7fbc.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/74282.aa38f8a2.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/48072.da427cb3.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/30378.dca246ca.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/75353.dbcee6fd.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/90738.dc044dc1.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/7503.44884a2a.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/54770.2f86b3e6.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/93802.15482461.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/17074.ba229f31.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/90358.48626695.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/61325.7e5cc77b.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/6502.0827fe4d.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/52144.232263a6.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/72231.87788cbb.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/43795.d9684ba5.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/62202.dc667668.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/19217.1a6be1cc.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/55370.f0400a20.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/43327.58c16858.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/15591.d2c06704.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/23765.782a0bf1.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/44676.274bec8e.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/70081.23bdaada.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/32630.57695e6e.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/73772.9b939689.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/76966.10261caf.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/78809.222c1128.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/54900.ddbc3e20.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/96869.5769d5e5.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/54479.db4b833a.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/70640.b958e205.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/12868.0e55159b.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/99795.d3b6c702.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/31023.01f1902f.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/60799.d19238ae.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/39010.5c261127.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/49907.742eb3a2.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/29880.a3436af7.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/77580.aa28aa1c.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/19971.f781e008.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/97957.172adeaa.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/55369.99f78123.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/23553.492f3b3c.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/83988.49d819cf.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/70780.4937761f.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/85929.d964284c.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/33021.bcd28f13.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/75058.b97e9812.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/43876.36519dd7.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
                <script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/lib-router.7ea98805.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
            
        
        <script nomodule>
            (function() {
                var message = 'Your browser does not support modern JavaScript modules. Please upgrade your browser for the best experience.';
                var warningDiv = document.createElement('div');
                warningDiv.style.color = 'red';
                warningDiv.style.padding = '10px';
                warningDiv.style.margin = '10px 0';
                warningDiv.style.border = '1px solid red';
                warningDiv.style.backgroundColor = 'lightyellow';
                warningDiv.innerText = message;
                document.body.prepend(warningDiv);
            })();
        </script>

        
            <!-- Datadog Analytics -->
            <script>
              (function(h,o,u,n,d) {
                h=h[d]=h[d]||{q:[],onReady:function(c){h.q.push(c)}}
                d=o.createElement(u);d.async=1;d.src=n
                n=o.getElementsByTagName(u)[0];n.parentNode.insertBefore(d,n)
              })(window,document,'script','https://www.datadoghq-browser-agent.com/us1/v5/datadog-rum.js','DD_RUM')
              window.DD_RUM.onReady(function() {
                window.DD_RUM.init({
                  clientToken: 'puba71073f072643721169b68f352438710',
                  applicationId: '2e321b35-c76b-4073-8d04-cc9a10461793',
                  site: 'datadoghq.com',
                  service: 'web',
                  env: window._preloads.dd_env,
                  version: '83b92cc2268136bc48923b27d604c3b46d17b1f3',
                  sessionSampleRate: 1,
                  sessionReplaySampleRate: 100,
                  trackUserInteractions: window._preloads.dd_ti,
                  trackResources: true,
                  trackLongTasks: true,
                  defaultPrivacyLevel: 'mask-user-input',
                  allowedTracingUrls: [/https?:\/\/(.+\/.)?substack(cdn)?\.com/]
                });
              })
            </script>
            <!-- End Datadog Analytics -->

            <!-- Cloudflare Web Analytics -->
            <script defer src="https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js" data-cf-beacon='{"token": "216309cffb464db4b0e02daf0b8e8060"}'></script>
            <!-- End Cloudflare Web Analytics -->
        

        <!-- Fallback tracking pixels -->
        

        

        <noscript>
    <style>
        #nojs-banner {
            position: fixed;
            bottom: 0;
            left: 0;
            padding: 16px 16px 16px 32px;
            width: 100%;
            box-sizing: border-box;
            background: red;
            color: white;
            font-family: -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";
            font-size: 13px;
            line-height: 13px;
        }
        #nojs-banner a {
            color: inherit;
            text-decoration: underline;
        }
    </style>

    <div id="nojs-banner">
        This site requires JavaScript to run correctly. Please <a href="https://enable-javascript.com/" target="_blank">turn on JavaScript</a> or unblock scripts
    </div>
</noscript>


        

        

        
        
    </body>
</html>
