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        <pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 26 18:20:02 +0200</pubDate>
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  <title>52. The Empire State: the Qin Dynasty</title>
  <link>https://www.historyofphilosophy.net/qin-dynasty</link>
  <description>&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;52. The Empire State: the Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/images/podcast_image/52%20Qin%20Emperor.jpg" width="500" height="519" alt="The first Qin emperor" /&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      &amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;Peter Adamson&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;time datetime="2026-04-24T18:20:02+02:00" title="Friday, April 24, 2026 - 18:20"&amp;gt;24 April 2026&amp;lt;/time&amp;gt;
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            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;52. Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      

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    &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Podcast series&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/series/warring-states-period" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Warring States Period&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;section&amp;gt;
  
  

  
&amp;lt;/section&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;52. Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      
  &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Further Reading&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• D. Bodde, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;China’s First Unifier: a Study of the Ch’in Dynasty as Seen in the Life of Li Ssü (280?-208 B.C.)&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Leiden: 1938).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M. Kern, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Stele Inscriptions of Ch’in Shih-Huang: Text and Ritual in Early Chinese Imperial Representation&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (New Haven: 2000).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M.E. Lewis, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Early Chinese Empires: Qin and Han&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Cambridge MA: 2009).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M. Loewe, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Government of the Qin and Han Empires, 221 BCE-220 CE&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Indianapolis: 2006).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• Y. Pines, “From Historical Evolution to the End of History: Past, Present and Future from Shang Yang to the First Emperor,” in P.R. Goldin (ed.), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;Dao Companion to the Philosophy of Han Fei&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Dordrecht: 2013), 25-45.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• Y. Pines et al. (ed.), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Birth of Empire: the State of Qin Revisited&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Berkeley: 2016).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• R.D.S. Yates, “Cosmos, Central Authority, and Communities in the Early Chinese Empire,” in S.E. Alcock et al. (eds), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;(Cambridge: 2001), 351-68.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

      &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/historical-context" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Historical Context&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/law" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Law&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/political-philosophy" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Political Philosophy&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/war-violence" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;War and Violence&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
  
            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Was the short-lived Qin empire, which unified China to put an end to the Warring States period, Legalism in action?&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      &amp;lt;ul class="links inline"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/comment/reply/node/1691/comment_node_podcast_episode#comment-form" title="Share your thoughts and opinions."&amp;gt;Add new comment&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;</description>
  <pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 16:20:02 +0000</pubDate>
          <dc:creator>Peter Adamson</dc:creator>
          <guid isPermaLink="false">1691 at https://www.historyofphilosophy.net</guid>
          </item>
<item>
  <title>491. Image Problems: Arnauld vs Malebranche on Ideas</title>
  <link>https://www.historyofphilosophy.net/arnauld-malebranche-ideas</link>
  <description>&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;52. The Empire State: the Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/images/podcast_image/52%20Qin%20Emperor.jpg" width="500" height="519" alt="The first Qin emperor" /&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      &amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;Peter Adamson&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;time datetime="2026-04-24T18:20:02+02:00" title="Friday, April 24, 2026 - 18:20"&amp;gt;24 April 2026&amp;lt;/time&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;52. Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      

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              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/series/warring-states-period" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Warring States Period&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;section&amp;gt;
  
  

  
&amp;lt;/section&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;52. Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      
  &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Further Reading&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• D. Bodde, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;China’s First Unifier: a Study of the Ch’in Dynasty as Seen in the Life of Li Ssü (280?-208 B.C.)&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Leiden: 1938).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M. Kern, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Stele Inscriptions of Ch’in Shih-Huang: Text and Ritual in Early Chinese Imperial Representation&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (New Haven: 2000).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M.E. Lewis, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Early Chinese Empires: Qin and Han&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Cambridge MA: 2009).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M. Loewe, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Government of the Qin and Han Empires, 221 BCE-220 CE&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Indianapolis: 2006).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• Y. Pines, “From Historical Evolution to the End of History: Past, Present and Future from Shang Yang to the First Emperor,” in P.R. Goldin (ed.), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;Dao Companion to the Philosophy of Han Fei&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Dordrecht: 2013), 25-45.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• Y. Pines et al. (ed.), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Birth of Empire: the State of Qin Revisited&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Berkeley: 2016).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• R.D.S. Yates, “Cosmos, Central Authority, and Communities in the Early Chinese Empire,” in S.E. Alcock et al. (eds), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;(Cambridge: 2001), 351-68.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

      &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/historical-context" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Historical Context&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/law" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Law&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/political-philosophy" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Political Philosophy&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/war-violence" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;War and Violence&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
  
            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Was the short-lived Qin empire, which unified China to put an end to the Warring States period, Legalism in action?&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      &amp;lt;ul class="links inline"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/comment/reply/node/1691/comment_node_podcast_episode#comment-form" title="Share your thoughts and opinions."&amp;gt;Add new comment&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;</description>
  <pubDate>Sat, 18 Apr 2026 23:07:16 +0000</pubDate>
          <dc:creator>Peter Adamson</dc:creator>
          <guid isPermaLink="false">1681 at https://www.historyofphilosophy.net</guid>
          </item>
<item>
  <title>51. Standard Bearers: What is “Legalism"?</title>
  <link>https://www.historyofphilosophy.net/legalism</link>
  <description>&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;52. The Empire State: the Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/images/podcast_image/52%20Qin%20Emperor.jpg" width="500" height="519" alt="The first Qin emperor" /&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      &amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;Peter Adamson&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;time datetime="2026-04-24T18:20:02+02:00" title="Friday, April 24, 2026 - 18:20"&amp;gt;24 April 2026&amp;lt;/time&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;52. Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      

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    &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Podcast series&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/series/warring-states-period" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Warring States Period&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;section&amp;gt;
  
  

  
&amp;lt;/section&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;52. Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      
  &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Further Reading&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• D. Bodde, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;China’s First Unifier: a Study of the Ch’in Dynasty as Seen in the Life of Li Ssü (280?-208 B.C.)&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Leiden: 1938).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M. Kern, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Stele Inscriptions of Ch’in Shih-Huang: Text and Ritual in Early Chinese Imperial Representation&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (New Haven: 2000).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M.E. Lewis, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Early Chinese Empires: Qin and Han&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Cambridge MA: 2009).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M. Loewe, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Government of the Qin and Han Empires, 221 BCE-220 CE&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Indianapolis: 2006).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• Y. Pines, “From Historical Evolution to the End of History: Past, Present and Future from Shang Yang to the First Emperor,” in P.R. Goldin (ed.), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;Dao Companion to the Philosophy of Han Fei&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Dordrecht: 2013), 25-45.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• Y. Pines et al. (ed.), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Birth of Empire: the State of Qin Revisited&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Berkeley: 2016).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• R.D.S. Yates, “Cosmos, Central Authority, and Communities in the Early Chinese Empire,” in S.E. Alcock et al. (eds), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;(Cambridge: 2001), 351-68.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

      &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/historical-context" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Historical Context&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/law" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Law&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/political-philosophy" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Political Philosophy&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/war-violence" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;War and Violence&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
  
            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Was the short-lived Qin empire, which unified China to put an end to the Warring States period, Legalism in action?&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      &amp;lt;ul class="links inline"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/comment/reply/node/1691/comment_node_podcast_episode#comment-form" title="Share your thoughts and opinions."&amp;gt;Add new comment&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;</description>
  <pubDate>Sun, 12 Apr 2026 02:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
          <dc:creator>Peter Adamson</dc:creator>
          <guid isPermaLink="false">1671 at https://www.historyofphilosophy.net</guid>
          </item>
<item>
  <title>490. Steven Nadler on Occasionalism</title>
  <link>https://www.historyofphilosophy.net/occasionalism-nadler</link>
  <description>&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;52. The Empire State: the Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/images/podcast_image/52%20Qin%20Emperor.jpg" width="500" height="519" alt="The first Qin emperor" /&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      &amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;Peter Adamson&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;time datetime="2026-04-24T18:20:02+02:00" title="Friday, April 24, 2026 - 18:20"&amp;gt;24 April 2026&amp;lt;/time&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;52. Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      

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              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/series/warring-states-period" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Warring States Period&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;section&amp;gt;
  
  

  
&amp;lt;/section&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;52. Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      
  &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Further Reading&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• D. Bodde, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;China’s First Unifier: a Study of the Ch’in Dynasty as Seen in the Life of Li Ssü (280?-208 B.C.)&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Leiden: 1938).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M. Kern, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Stele Inscriptions of Ch’in Shih-Huang: Text and Ritual in Early Chinese Imperial Representation&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (New Haven: 2000).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M.E. Lewis, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Early Chinese Empires: Qin and Han&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Cambridge MA: 2009).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M. Loewe, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Government of the Qin and Han Empires, 221 BCE-220 CE&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Indianapolis: 2006).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• Y. Pines, “From Historical Evolution to the End of History: Past, Present and Future from Shang Yang to the First Emperor,” in P.R. Goldin (ed.), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;Dao Companion to the Philosophy of Han Fei&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Dordrecht: 2013), 25-45.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• Y. Pines et al. (ed.), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Birth of Empire: the State of Qin Revisited&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Berkeley: 2016).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• R.D.S. Yates, “Cosmos, Central Authority, and Communities in the Early Chinese Empire,” in S.E. Alcock et al. (eds), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;(Cambridge: 2001), 351-68.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

      &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/historical-context" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Historical Context&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/law" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Law&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/political-philosophy" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Political Philosophy&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/war-violence" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;War and Violence&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
  
            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Was the short-lived Qin empire, which unified China to put an end to the Warring States period, Legalism in action?&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      &amp;lt;ul class="links inline"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/comment/reply/node/1691/comment_node_podcast_episode#comment-form" title="Share your thoughts and opinions."&amp;gt;Add new comment&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;</description>
  <pubDate>Sun, 05 Apr 2026 02:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
          <dc:creator>Peter Adamson</dc:creator>
          <guid isPermaLink="false">1685 at https://www.historyofphilosophy.net</guid>
          </item>
<item>
  <title>50. Bryan Van Norden on Warring States Philosophy</title>
  <link>https://www.historyofphilosophy.net/warring-states-philosophy-van-norden</link>
  <description>&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;52. The Empire State: the Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/images/podcast_image/52%20Qin%20Emperor.jpg" width="500" height="519" alt="The first Qin emperor" /&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      &amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;Peter Adamson&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;time datetime="2026-04-24T18:20:02+02:00" title="Friday, April 24, 2026 - 18:20"&amp;gt;24 April 2026&amp;lt;/time&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;52. Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      

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            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;52. Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      
  &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Further Reading&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• D. Bodde, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;China’s First Unifier: a Study of the Ch’in Dynasty as Seen in the Life of Li Ssü (280?-208 B.C.)&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Leiden: 1938).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M. Kern, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Stele Inscriptions of Ch’in Shih-Huang: Text and Ritual in Early Chinese Imperial Representation&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (New Haven: 2000).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M.E. Lewis, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Early Chinese Empires: Qin and Han&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Cambridge MA: 2009).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M. Loewe, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Government of the Qin and Han Empires, 221 BCE-220 CE&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Indianapolis: 2006).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• Y. Pines, “From Historical Evolution to the End of History: Past, Present and Future from Shang Yang to the First Emperor,” in P.R. Goldin (ed.), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;Dao Companion to the Philosophy of Han Fei&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Dordrecht: 2013), 25-45.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• Y. Pines et al. (ed.), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Birth of Empire: the State of Qin Revisited&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Berkeley: 2016).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• R.D.S. Yates, “Cosmos, Central Authority, and Communities in the Early Chinese Empire,” in S.E. Alcock et al. (eds), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;(Cambridge: 2001), 351-68.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

      &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/historical-context" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Historical Context&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/law" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Law&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/political-philosophy" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Political Philosophy&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/war-violence" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;War and Violence&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
  
            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Was the short-lived Qin empire, which unified China to put an end to the Warring States period, Legalism in action?&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      &amp;lt;ul class="links inline"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/comment/reply/node/1691/comment_node_podcast_episode#comment-form" title="Share your thoughts and opinions."&amp;gt;Add new comment&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;</description>
  <pubDate>Sun, 29 Mar 2026 02:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
          <dc:creator>Peter Adamson</dc:creator>
          <guid isPermaLink="false">1682 at https://www.historyofphilosophy.net</guid>
          </item>
<item>
  <title>489. All Power to Him: Malebranche and Occasionalism</title>
  <link>https://www.historyofphilosophy.net/malebranche-occasionalism</link>
  <description>&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;52. The Empire State: the Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/images/podcast_image/52%20Qin%20Emperor.jpg" width="500" height="519" alt="The first Qin emperor" /&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      &amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;Peter Adamson&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;time datetime="2026-04-24T18:20:02+02:00" title="Friday, April 24, 2026 - 18:20"&amp;gt;24 April 2026&amp;lt;/time&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;52. Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      

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    &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Podcast series&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/series/warring-states-period" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Warring States Period&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;section&amp;gt;
  
  

  
&amp;lt;/section&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;52. Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      
  &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Further Reading&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• D. Bodde, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;China’s First Unifier: a Study of the Ch’in Dynasty as Seen in the Life of Li Ssü (280?-208 B.C.)&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Leiden: 1938).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M. Kern, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Stele Inscriptions of Ch’in Shih-Huang: Text and Ritual in Early Chinese Imperial Representation&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (New Haven: 2000).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M.E. Lewis, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Early Chinese Empires: Qin and Han&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Cambridge MA: 2009).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M. Loewe, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Government of the Qin and Han Empires, 221 BCE-220 CE&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Indianapolis: 2006).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• Y. Pines, “From Historical Evolution to the End of History: Past, Present and Future from Shang Yang to the First Emperor,” in P.R. Goldin (ed.), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;Dao Companion to the Philosophy of Han Fei&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Dordrecht: 2013), 25-45.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• Y. Pines et al. (ed.), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Birth of Empire: the State of Qin Revisited&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Berkeley: 2016).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• R.D.S. Yates, “Cosmos, Central Authority, and Communities in the Early Chinese Empire,” in S.E. Alcock et al. (eds), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;(Cambridge: 2001), 351-68.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

      &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/historical-context" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Historical Context&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/law" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Law&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/political-philosophy" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Political Philosophy&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/war-violence" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;War and Violence&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
  
            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Was the short-lived Qin empire, which unified China to put an end to the Warring States period, Legalism in action?&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      &amp;lt;ul class="links inline"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/comment/reply/node/1691/comment_node_podcast_episode#comment-form" title="Share your thoughts and opinions."&amp;gt;Add new comment&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;</description>
  <pubDate>Sun, 22 Mar 2026 03:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
          <dc:creator>Peter Adamson</dc:creator>
          <guid isPermaLink="false">1676 at https://www.historyofphilosophy.net</guid>
          </item>
<item>
  <title>49. Hans-Georg Moeller on the Zhuangzi</title>
  <link>https://www.historyofphilosophy.net/zhuangzi-moeller</link>
  <description>&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;52. The Empire State: the Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/images/podcast_image/52%20Qin%20Emperor.jpg" width="500" height="519" alt="The first Qin emperor" /&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      &amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;Peter Adamson&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;time datetime="2026-04-24T18:20:02+02:00" title="Friday, April 24, 2026 - 18:20"&amp;gt;24 April 2026&amp;lt;/time&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;52. Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      

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            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;52. Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      
  &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Further Reading&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• D. Bodde, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;China’s First Unifier: a Study of the Ch’in Dynasty as Seen in the Life of Li Ssü (280?-208 B.C.)&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Leiden: 1938).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M. Kern, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Stele Inscriptions of Ch’in Shih-Huang: Text and Ritual in Early Chinese Imperial Representation&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (New Haven: 2000).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M.E. Lewis, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Early Chinese Empires: Qin and Han&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Cambridge MA: 2009).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M. Loewe, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Government of the Qin and Han Empires, 221 BCE-220 CE&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Indianapolis: 2006).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• Y. Pines, “From Historical Evolution to the End of History: Past, Present and Future from Shang Yang to the First Emperor,” in P.R. Goldin (ed.), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;Dao Companion to the Philosophy of Han Fei&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Dordrecht: 2013), 25-45.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• Y. Pines et al. (ed.), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Birth of Empire: the State of Qin Revisited&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Berkeley: 2016).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• R.D.S. Yates, “Cosmos, Central Authority, and Communities in the Early Chinese Empire,” in S.E. Alcock et al. (eds), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;(Cambridge: 2001), 351-68.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

      &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/historical-context" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Historical Context&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/law" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Law&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/political-philosophy" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Political Philosophy&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/war-violence" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;War and Violence&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
  
            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Was the short-lived Qin empire, which unified China to put an end to the Warring States period, Legalism in action?&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      &amp;lt;ul class="links inline"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/comment/reply/node/1691/comment_node_podcast_episode#comment-form" title="Share your thoughts and opinions."&amp;gt;Add new comment&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;</description>
  <pubDate>Sun, 15 Mar 2026 03:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
          <dc:creator>Peter Adamson</dc:creator>
          <guid isPermaLink="false">1680 at https://www.historyofphilosophy.net</guid>
          </item>
<item>
  <title>488. No Particular Reason: Nicolas Malebranche</title>
  <link>https://www.historyofphilosophy.net/malebranche</link>
  <description>&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;52. The Empire State: the Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/images/podcast_image/52%20Qin%20Emperor.jpg" width="500" height="519" alt="The first Qin emperor" /&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      &amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;Peter Adamson&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;time datetime="2026-04-24T18:20:02+02:00" title="Friday, April 24, 2026 - 18:20"&amp;gt;24 April 2026&amp;lt;/time&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;52. Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      

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    &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Podcast series&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/series/warring-states-period" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Warring States Period&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;section&amp;gt;
  
  

  
&amp;lt;/section&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;52. Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      
  &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Further Reading&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• D. Bodde, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;China’s First Unifier: a Study of the Ch’in Dynasty as Seen in the Life of Li Ssü (280?-208 B.C.)&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Leiden: 1938).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M. Kern, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Stele Inscriptions of Ch’in Shih-Huang: Text and Ritual in Early Chinese Imperial Representation&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (New Haven: 2000).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M.E. Lewis, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Early Chinese Empires: Qin and Han&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Cambridge MA: 2009).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M. Loewe, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Government of the Qin and Han Empires, 221 BCE-220 CE&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Indianapolis: 2006).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• Y. Pines, “From Historical Evolution to the End of History: Past, Present and Future from Shang Yang to the First Emperor,” in P.R. Goldin (ed.), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;Dao Companion to the Philosophy of Han Fei&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Dordrecht: 2013), 25-45.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• Y. Pines et al. (ed.), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Birth of Empire: the State of Qin Revisited&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Berkeley: 2016).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• R.D.S. Yates, “Cosmos, Central Authority, and Communities in the Early Chinese Empire,” in S.E. Alcock et al. (eds), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;(Cambridge: 2001), 351-68.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

      &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/historical-context" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Historical Context&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/law" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Law&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/political-philosophy" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Political Philosophy&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/war-violence" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;War and Violence&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
  
            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Was the short-lived Qin empire, which unified China to put an end to the Warring States period, Legalism in action?&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      &amp;lt;ul class="links inline"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/comment/reply/node/1691/comment_node_podcast_episode#comment-form" title="Share your thoughts and opinions."&amp;gt;Add new comment&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;</description>
  <pubDate>Sun, 08 Mar 2026 03:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
          <dc:creator>Peter Adamson</dc:creator>
          <guid isPermaLink="false">1675 at https://www.historyofphilosophy.net</guid>
          </item>
<item>
  <title>48. Off the Beaten Path: Wandering in the Zhuangzi</title>
  <link>https://www.historyofphilosophy.net/zhuangzi-wandering</link>
  <description>&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;52. The Empire State: the Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/images/podcast_image/52%20Qin%20Emperor.jpg" width="500" height="519" alt="The first Qin emperor" /&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      &amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;Peter Adamson&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;time datetime="2026-04-24T18:20:02+02:00" title="Friday, April 24, 2026 - 18:20"&amp;gt;24 April 2026&amp;lt;/time&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;52. Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      

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            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;52. Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      
  &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Further Reading&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• D. Bodde, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;China’s First Unifier: a Study of the Ch’in Dynasty as Seen in the Life of Li Ssü (280?-208 B.C.)&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Leiden: 1938).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M. Kern, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Stele Inscriptions of Ch’in Shih-Huang: Text and Ritual in Early Chinese Imperial Representation&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (New Haven: 2000).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M.E. Lewis, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Early Chinese Empires: Qin and Han&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Cambridge MA: 2009).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M. Loewe, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Government of the Qin and Han Empires, 221 BCE-220 CE&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Indianapolis: 2006).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• Y. Pines, “From Historical Evolution to the End of History: Past, Present and Future from Shang Yang to the First Emperor,” in P.R. Goldin (ed.), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;Dao Companion to the Philosophy of Han Fei&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Dordrecht: 2013), 25-45.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• Y. Pines et al. (ed.), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Birth of Empire: the State of Qin Revisited&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Berkeley: 2016).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• R.D.S. Yates, “Cosmos, Central Authority, and Communities in the Early Chinese Empire,” in S.E. Alcock et al. (eds), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;(Cambridge: 2001), 351-68.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

      &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/historical-context" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Historical Context&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/law" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Law&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/political-philosophy" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Political Philosophy&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/war-violence" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;War and Violence&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
  
            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Was the short-lived Qin empire, which unified China to put an end to the Warring States period, Legalism in action?&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      &amp;lt;ul class="links inline"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/comment/reply/node/1691/comment_node_podcast_episode#comment-form" title="Share your thoughts and opinions."&amp;gt;Add new comment&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;</description>
  <pubDate>Sun, 01 Mar 2026 03:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
          <dc:creator>Peter Adamson</dc:creator>
          <guid isPermaLink="false">1677 at https://www.historyofphilosophy.net</guid>
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  <title>487. Showing Good Judgment: The Port Royal Logic</title>
  <link>https://www.historyofphilosophy.net/port-royal-logic</link>
  <description>&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;52. The Empire State: the Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/images/podcast_image/52%20Qin%20Emperor.jpg" width="500" height="519" alt="The first Qin emperor" /&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      &amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;Peter Adamson&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;time datetime="2026-04-24T18:20:02+02:00" title="Friday, April 24, 2026 - 18:20"&amp;gt;24 April 2026&amp;lt;/time&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;52. Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      

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  &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Podcast series&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/series/warring-states-period" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Warring States Period&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;section&amp;gt;
  
  

  
&amp;lt;/section&amp;gt;

            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;52. Qin Dynasty&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      
  &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Further Reading&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• D. Bodde, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;China’s First Unifier: a Study of the Ch’in Dynasty as Seen in the Life of Li Ssü (280?-208 B.C.)&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Leiden: 1938).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M. Kern, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Stele Inscriptions of Ch’in Shih-Huang: Text and Ritual in Early Chinese Imperial Representation&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (New Haven: 2000).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M.E. Lewis, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Early Chinese Empires: Qin and Han&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Cambridge MA: 2009).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• M. Loewe, &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Government of the Qin and Han Empires, 221 BCE-220 CE&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Indianapolis: 2006).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• Y. Pines, “From Historical Evolution to the End of History: Past, Present and Future from Shang Yang to the First Emperor,” in P.R. Goldin (ed.), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;Dao Companion to the Philosophy of Han Fei&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Dordrecht: 2013), 25-45.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p style="text-autospace:none;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• Y. Pines et al. (ed.), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;The Birth of Empire: the State of Qin Revisited&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt; (Berkeley: 2016).&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p class="v1msolistparagraph" style="margin:0cm;"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;• R.D.S. Yates, “Cosmos, Central Authority, and Communities in the Early Chinese Empire,” in S.E. Alcock et al. (eds), &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style="font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Arial&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;font-size:12.5pt;" lang="EN-GB"&amp;gt;(Cambridge: 2001), 351-68.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

      &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/historical-context" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Historical Context&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/law" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Law&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/political-philosophy" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;Political Philosophy&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
              &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/themes/war-violence" hreflang="en"&amp;gt;War and Violence&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
          &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
  
            &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Was the short-lived Qin empire, which unified China to put an end to the Warring States period, Legalism in action?&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
      &amp;lt;ul class="links inline"&amp;gt;&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href="/comment/reply/node/1691/comment_node_podcast_episode#comment-form" title="Share your thoughts and opinions."&amp;gt;Add new comment&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;</description>
  <pubDate>Sun, 22 Feb 2026 09:27:27 +0000</pubDate>
          <dc:creator>Peter Adamson</dc:creator>
          <guid isPermaLink="false">1678 at https://www.historyofphilosophy.net</guid>
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