New from IFPRI on avian influenza

Investigating the role of poultry and the impact of HPAI on livelihoods in Ghana

ktaylor — Tue, 16 Aug 2011 16:17:19 -0400

Since its re-emergence, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has attracted considerable public and media attention because the viruses involved have been shown to be capable of producing fatal disease in humans. While there is fear that the virus may mutate into a strain capable of sustained human-to-human transmission, the greatest impact to date has been on the highly diverse poultry industries in affected countries.

PDF file:

hpaiwp35_ghana.pdf(1.4MB)

Qualitative risk assessment of HPAI H5N1 transmission between small-scale commercial broiler chicken farms in Bogor, Indonesia

Indira Yerramareddy — Wed, 27 Jul 2011 15:31:52 -0400

As part of the DFID-funded Pro-Poor HPAI Risk Reduction Project, a qualitative risk assessment was conducted for risk questions agreed during a stakeholder workshop in November, 2008, related to transmission of HPAI H5N1 between small-scale commercial broiler farms in the District and Municipality of Bogor.

PDF file:

hpaiwp33_indonesia.pdf(1.1MB)

Analyses of the poultry value chain and its linkages and interactions with HPAI risk factors in Nigeria

Indira Yerramareddy — Wed, 27 Jul 2011 15:31:45 -0400

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has impacts that reverberate throughout the poultry marketing chain. Nigeria suffered waves of HPAI outbreaks that peaked twice in February 2006 and February 2007. The outbreaks affected 3,057 commercial and rural household farms causing 1.3 million of the country’s 160 million poultry to be destroyed at the cost of United States Dollars (USD) 5.4 m paid in compensation by the Government of Nigeria (Federal Department of Livestock [FDL], 2008).

Analyses of the poultry value chain and its linkages and interactions with HPAI risk factors in Nigeria

PDF file:

hpaiwp34_nigeria.pdf(2MB)

Farm households’ preference for cash-based compensation versus livelihood-enhancing programs

Indira Yerramareddy — Mon, 28 Mar 2011 08:53:59 -0400

In this paper we attempt to bridge the resilience school of thought and incentive compatibility in livestock disease control policies through a pilot choice experiment study conducted on 104 farm households in the Nasarawa state of Nigeria. The aim of this study was to shed light on farm households’ valuation of various compensation plan attributes and trade-offs among these attributes.

PDF file:

ifpridp01072.pdf(1.3MB)

A Risk Based Approach to Avian Flu Control in Developing Countries

admin — Tue, 08 Feb 2011 11:37:22 -0400

Video produced for the workshop on pro-poor HPAI risk reduction in Phuket, Thailand, October 25-27, 2010. (edited version - Feb 8, 2011)

Investigating economywide and household-level impacts of sector-specific shocks in a poor country

Aashana Arora — Wed, 17 Nov 2010 18:15:07 -0400

Do the economic effects of potential avian flu outbreaks justify policy attention and resource allocation in a poor country like Ethiopia? We address this question by assessing both economywide (macro-level) economic impacts and household (micro-level) livelihood impacts that might be caused by an avian flu outbreak in Ethiopia.

PDF file:

ifpridp01034.pdf(646.9KB)

Workshop on Pro-Poor HPAI Risk Reduction

Thu, 21 Oct 2010 17:14:14 -0400

Senior IFPRI Research Fellow Clare Narrod and IFPRI Research Fellows Pippa Chenevix Trench and Marites Tiongco will be participating in a workshop in Phuket, Thailand on Pro Poor HPAI Risk Reduction: Lessons from Southeast Asia and Africa. Collaborators from national and international research centers across Africa and southeast Asia will present the project’s findings including the patterns and determinants of the spread of HPAI, the economic and nutritional impacts of an HPAI outbreak on producers in developing countries, and cost-effective strategies for controlling and minimizing the damage caused by outbreaks of HPAI and other major pandemics. A primary purpose of the meeting is to use the research experience to devise strategies for better communicating disease risk to the many different stakeholders in developing countries.

Using Net-Map to better understand communication around avian influenza in Ghana

Wed, 20 Oct 2010 15:50:05 -0400

Eva Schiffer, former International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) postdoctoral research fellow, discusses how applying the Net-Map method at an avian influenza workshop in Ghana uncovered some "rather scary communication breakdowns and corruption hot spots" in a recent video interview.

Alignment of poultry sector actors with avian influenza control in Ethiopia

Indira Yerramareddy — Wed, 06 Oct 2010 17:00:56 -0400

The outbreak and spread of Asian-lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) from Asia to Europe and Africa in 2003-2007 challenged national disease surveillance and response programs particularly in those countries where infection occurred. Ethiopia has not had the disease, but it is considered as being vulnerable because it lies under the pathway of migratory birds and has an expansive border that makes it difficult to control cross-border trade in poultry and poultry products.

PDF file:

hpaiwp32_ethiopia.pdf(1.1MB)

Alignment of poultry sector actors with avian influenza control in Kenya

Indira Yerramareddy — Wed, 06 Oct 2010 16:57:54 -0400

Kenya has a high risk of being infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) because it (i) lies along the migratory bird routes, (ii) engages in formal and informal cross-border trade in live birds and other poultry products, (iii) lacks capacity to regulate the poultry industry trade and (iv) is well connected to the region and with the rest of the world through its air and road transport networks.

PDF file:

hpaiwp31_kenya.pdf(1.5MB)

Qualitative release and exposure assessment on the risk of HPAI transmission

Indira Yerramareddy — Wed, 06 Oct 2010 16:18:24 -0400

This study assessed the risk of transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) between backyard poultry (S4) farms and between S4 and semi-commercial (S3) farms in Kenya. It was designed to complement findings of a study that had been conducted in 2007 by the DVS and FAO to evaluate the risk of introduction of the disease into the country. It followed the OIE risk analysis framework where release, exposure and consequence assessments are done successively and their risk parameter estimates combined to obtain an overall risk estimate for a given pathway.

PDF file:

hpaiwp30_kenya.pdf(1.2MB)

Qualitative risk assessment on the transmission of HPAI (H5N1) virus

Indira Yerramareddy — Wed, 06 Oct 2010 16:18:16 -0400

The Nigerian poultry industry, comprising both commercial and rural poultry systems, experienced the first highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreak in 2006. This industry provides an affordable source of protein to millions of Nigerians through poultry eggs and meat. The rural poultry production system is essential in poverty alleviation, food security and the promotion of gender equity while meeting important social and cultural needs and obligations of Nigerians.

PDF file:

hpaiwp29_nigeria.pdf(1.4MB)

Alignment of poultry sector actors with avian influenza control in Indonesia

Indira Yerramareddy — Wed, 06 Oct 2010 16:18:07 -0400

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) was first officially reported in Indonesia in 2004; the disease is now endemic, particularly in the Java, Sumatra, Bali and South Sulawesi Islands. During the early stages of the epidemic, emergency interventions were mainly implemented by the government with assistance from local and international partners. With the establishment of the disease, emergency control measures were replaced by routine interventions that require stronger involvement of all the actors, particularly in the poultry sector.

PDF file:

hpaiwp28_indonesia.pdf(1.4MB)

Poultry value chains and HPAI in Indonesia

Indira Yerramareddy — Wed, 06 Oct 2010 16:18:01 -0400

Poultry is an important source of income and protein for poor households in Indonesia. In a normal year, the production of poultry meat in Indonesia is approximately 1.285 million tons per annum, representing around 62% of total domestic meat production. In addition, egg production amounts to 1.2 billion tons, with domestic production fulfilling domestic consumer demand for eggs.

PDF file:

hpaiwp27_indonesia.pdf(2.4MB)

Ghana’s poultry sector value chains and the impacts of HPAI

Indira Yerramareddy — Wed, 06 Oct 2010 16:17:51 -0400

Outbreaks of HPAI in poultry have serious implications for food security, employment, and cash income for farmers including smallholders and other stakeholders. The 2007 outbreak of HPAI in Ghana had a multitude of impacts on the livelihoods of poultry farmers and other actors in the poultry sector that have not been fully analyzed. Moreover, the socio-economic dimensions of the marketing and distributional channels for poultry that potentially influence risk and disease spread have not been fully examined as well.

PDF file:

hpaiwp26_ghana.pdf(2.2MB)

Value chain analysis of the Kenyan poultry industry

Indira Yerramareddy — Mon, 04 Oct 2010 13:30:53 -0400

The Kenyan poultry industry is characterized by dualism, comprised of both smallholder and large-scale poultry producers. The industry is characterized by two main production systems namely (i) the commercial hybrid poultry production system and (ii) the indigenous poultry production system. This study examines the poultry industry in Kenya with the aim of identifying the actors, assessing poultry and poultry product flows, and highlighting some of the policies and regulations relevant to potential outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Kenya. Specific aims included:

PDF file:

hpaiwp24_kenya.pdf(1.3MB)

A quantitative risk assessment for the onward transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1

Indira Yerramareddy — Sun, 03 Oct 2010 12:26:45 -0400

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 is endemic in Indonesia, where it is an important cause of disease in commercial, semi-commercial and backyard poultry flocks. It is likely that small-scale broiler farms, which typically have poor biosecurity practices together with large populations of susceptible birds, play an important role in the spread of the disease in the country.

This report describes a quantitative risk assessment that was conducted to describe the risk of transmission of the HPAI virus (HPAIV):

a) between small-scale broiler farms, and

PDF file:

hpaiwp23_indonesia.pdf(2.8MB)

Poultry value chains and HPAI in Ethiopia

Indira Yerramareddy — Sat, 02 Oct 2010 08:54:57 -0400

The Ethiopian poultry sector is almost exclusively dominated by backyard and small-scale production using limited to no inputs in production and which is targeted for either self-consumption or the market. Unlike other parts of the world, there are relatively few intermediaries operating between producers and consumers in the Ethiopian poultry sector. However, because of increased urban development, there are newly emerging private farms responding to growing consumer demand.

PDF file:

hpaiwp25_Ethiopia.pdf(1.3MB)

Efficacy and adoption of strategies for avian flu control in developing countries

Indira Yerramareddy — Thu, 02 Sep 2010 12:26:30 -0400

In this paper, we present the results of a two-stage expert elicitation (Delphi) study conducted to provide input to contingent valuation (CV) studies. These CV studies are designed to estimate the benefits of various public and private strategies for the control of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) across the study countries of Ethiopia, Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, and Nigeria. The results of these CV studies are expected to feed into the cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyzes, which will be conducted to identify the effective HPAI control strategies in each study country.

PDF file:

ifpridp01023.pdf(729.9KB)

Investigating the role of poultry in livelihoods and the impact of avian flu on livelihoods outcomes in Africa

Indira Yerramareddy — Tue, 03 Aug 2010 14:26:31 -0400

In this paper we investigate the role of poultry in households’ livelihoods portfolios and the impact of supply-and-demand shocks that may be caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) on households’ various livelihoods outcomes in four Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. The study countries include Ethiopia and Kenya in East Africa and Ghana and Nigeria in West Africa. These countries represent a spectrum of SSA countries regarding disease status, means of disease spread, and the role of the poultry sector in the economy.

PDF file:

ifpridp01011.pdf(756.6KB)