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DAVAO REGIONAL HOSPITAL

noreply@blogger.com (injectable android) — Mon, 02 Apr 2012 02:18:00 +0000

A government-funded tertiary health care institution located in the outskirts of Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Philippines.

It is composed of four; (4) major areas, namely; the Medical Department, the Surgical Department, the Pediatrics Department, and the Obstetrics Department. Each major area of the Davao Regional Hospital; (DRH) has its corresponding intensive care unit.

DRH also has the following special areas: Emergency Room, Operating Room, Post Anesthetic Care Unit, Delivery Room, Central Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Coronary Care Unit, Pay Ward, Hemodialysis Unit, Out-Patient Department, Ancillary Department; (Laboratory, Pharmacy, Physical Therapy Unit, Central Supply, Dietary Section, Utility Section, Engineering Section, Laundry Section).

To date, Dr. Romulo Busuego; (DRH Chief of Hospital) continues to make sure that all hospital operations are running smoothly, with the help of the competent men and women of the DRH Administrative Department.

VISION

The Premier Hub for People-centered Care in General and Specialty Health Services.

MISSION

Provision of Premium Quality People-centered Care by Compassionate and Competent Staff in a healing and Nurturing Environment through Updated Technology and Well-developed Training and Research Program in Partnership with Various Stakeholders.

CARDIAC DIET

noreply@blogger.com (injectable android) — Mon, 02 Apr 2012 00:31:00 +0000

The cardiac diet is often prescribed for people who are at imminent risk of a heart attack. The cardiac diet is a healthy eating plan to follow, even if a person does not have any of these health conditions, and may be followed as a preventative management program or as part of a heart healthy treatment plan.
When the cardiac diet is prescribed as part of a treatment plan, it is often individualized for the patient by a dietician and follows basic guidelines that promote good cardiac health.

1.    Reduce the intake of food which contains animal fat.
2.    Use trans fat free margarine instead of butter
3.    Read labels and note the amount of trans fat contained in the food item, it should be “0″
4.    Eat more fruits and vegetables
5.    Reduce sodium intake.
6.    Add fish to the diet
7.    Eliminate caffeine

REDUCE FAT INTAKE

A key component in the cardiac diet is reducing the intake of harmful fats. Eliminating all fat is not healthy. It is important to understand what foods contain healthy fat and which foods contain fat that harms the arteries.

Polyunsaturated fats: This is a healthy type of fat that should be included in the diet. This type of fat can be found in fish and grain products.

Monounsaturated fats: These fats lower artery clogging cholesterol levels. They can be found in nuts, avocados, and olive oil.

Saturated fats: This type of harmful fat is found in meat, cheese, coconut oil and palm kernel oil.

Tran’s fat: These fats are chemically engineered and are used to hydrogenate oils. This process gives foods a longer shelf life, but they are not processed well in the body. These fats are found in packaged food items as well as many fried foods from fast food restaurants.

RED MEAT

Limit meat to 3-4 times per week.
Choose leaner cuts of meat like sirloin or round.
Choose meats that are at least 90% lean.
Make sure to rim away visible excess fat before cooking

FIBERS

Eating more fiber offers many health benefits. High fiber intake as part of the cardiac diet lower bad cholesterol levels in the body to increase health heart and reduce the risk of heart attacks. In addition to the cardiac benefits, fiber also aids digestion and reduces instances of constipation.
Women under 50 years of age should consume 25 grams of fiber per day, while those 51 and older should have 21 grams of daily fiber. Men under 50 years old should eat 38 grams of fiber and men over the age of 51 should take in 30 grams of fiber each day.

Fiber can be found in many foods
1.    Whole grains
2.    Legumes
3.    Vegetables and fruits
4.    Nuts and seeds

PRACTICE HEALTHY HABITS

In addition to following a healthy cardiac diet eating plan, there are other things you can do to keep your heart healthy.
One can enhance the effectiveness of this diet’s basic guidelines by not adding additional salt to foods, cooking with healthy oils such as olive oil, and exercising portion control to reduce caloric intake for weight management.
Get adequate exercise to keep your heart muscle strong and to lower cholesterol levels in the body. Getting 30 minutes of moderate exercise three to four times per week is usually adequate for heart health.
Avoid stress and develop coping skills to help you relax when stress is unavoidable. Being in a tense state is not good for cardiac health. Relaxation is also an important component in maintaining a healthy heart.

DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CARDIAC PATIENTS

General Guidelines:

1. Lower the amount of total fat in your diet by eating fewer high fat foods. High fat foods often contain large amounts of saturated fat (most undesirable fat source).
2. Lower the amount of saturated fats while increasing the amount of polyunsaturated fat in the diet.
3. Lower cholesterol intake. Eat more fruit and vegetables and less animal products.
4. Eat more complex carbohydrates (starch and fiber). Foods high in complex carbohydrates are usually low in fat and contain no cholesterol.
5. Lose weight, if overweight, by decreasing the number of calories taken in and increasing the number of calories used.

To Eat Less Total Fat:

1. Within any food category, there are high fat and low fat items. Read labels to learn which foods are low in fat.
2. Sausage and most processed luncheon meats are high in fat and saturated fat.
3. Cream, sour cream, ice cream, butter, and many cheeses are high in fat and saturated fat.

To Eat Less Saturated Fat:

1. Steps you take to reduce total fat will also reduce saturated fat.
2. Most animal fats generally contain high proportions of saturated fat, whereas the fat in chicken and fish contains higher proportions of polyunsaturated fat.
3. The vegetable oils from palm kernel, coconut, and palm, and cocoa fat contain large proportions of saturated fat.
4. Vegetables oils with the highest proportions of polyunsaturated fat are safflower, sunflower, corn, soybean, and cottonseed oils.
5. Many margarine's are lower in saturated fat and higher in unsaturated fats than butter.

To Eat Less Cholesterol:

1. Cholesterol is found in high amounts of red meats, organ meats (liver, kidney, sweetbread, brain), and egg yolks. Shrimp is also high in cholesterol.

To Eat More Complex Carbohydrates:

1. Vegetables, fruits, cereal grains, dried peas and beans, rice, and pasta contain complex carbohydrates, little or no saturated fat, and no cholesterol.

To Help Lose Weight, If Overweight:

1. Fats are high in calories. Fat and oils supply 9 calories per gram as compared to protein, and carbohydrates, which supply only 4 calories per gram.

WHICH PEOPLE NEED TO ADHERE TO THE ABOVE ADVICE?

1. Everyone, the younger you start healthy eating habits the better.
2. Patients with a history for hypertension, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, or diabetes MUST make an extra effort to watch what they eat to lower their risk of atherosclerosis.

CORONARY CARE

noreply@blogger.com (injectable android) — Mon, 02 Apr 2012 00:25:00 +0000

Hospital Care And The Coronary Care Unit (CCU)

Most patients suspected of having suffered an acute heart attack are admitted to a hospital's coronary care unit (CCU). The CCU is intended to be a quiet, calm, and restful area in which patients can be further evaluated and closely monitored. A specially trained nurse who works with doctors and other members of the medical team provides individualized care. Visiting hours are usually restricted.

The length of stay in the CCU varies, depending on :
• Whether or not the diagnosis of a heart attack is confirmed
• The severity of the heart attack
• The presence and severity of associated complications

A patient with a heart attack without complications spends about two to three days in a CCU before being transferred to a step-down unit. A step-down unit offers less intensive care than the CCU but still permits continuous ECG monitoring to screen for abnormal heart rhythms or other complications. The patient usually goes home five to seven days after hospital admission.

What Are The Goals Of Care In The CCU?

Care in the CCU focuses on:
• Relief of chest pain and anxiety
• Further assessment (diagnostic tests) to confirm a diagnosis
• Limiting the size of the heart attack and the area of heart muscle that dies
• Reducing the work of the heart
• Identifying, preventing, and treating complications from the heart attack

In the CCU:
• Care for the patient begun in the emergency setting continues
• Additional diagnostic tests are ordered
• Doctors determine appropriate medical-surgical intervention.
• The patient's level of activity and diet is restricted

Diet And Activity Levels

Additional precautions taken during the stay in the CCU and step-down unit, include
• Restricting the diet
For the first 24 hours, the patient is placed on a clear liquid diet to reduce the possibility of aspiration due to nausea and vomiting. A healthy food plan, including complex carbohydrates and fiber-rich foods, is later introduced. All individuals who have suffered a heart attack need to permanently adopt a healthy diet.
• Limiting activity levels
All patients are initially placed on bed rest. Patients who are stable, free of pain, and free of complications are sometimes to get out of bed to use the commode. Patients who remain free of complication often begin limited physical activities within 24 hours.

Progression Of Activity

Days 1-2
• Sitting up with feet dangling over the side of the bed
• Lifting and lowering of the arms, called range-of-motions exercises, to prevent muscle and joint stiffness and to prevent blood clots from forming in the legs

Days 3-4
• Bathing and dressing while sitting on the bed or in a chair
• Taking short walks around the hospital room
• Taking supervised walks outside the hospital room
• Showering without shampooing hair (no raising of arms above head)

Days 5-7
• Walking about 600 feet three times a day
• Shampooing hair (activities with arms over the head)
• Climbing stairs with supervision
• Undergoing an exercise tolerance test

After several days in the hospital, a patient with an uncomplicated heart attack can go home. Physical activity is then gradually increased over the next three to six weeks. Doctors may recommend the patient attend cardiac rehabilitation.

Nice to Know:
While still hospitalized, the patient may get to know members of the cardiac rehabilitation team. Cardiac rehabilitation services can involve many health care providers, including:
• Doctors, including the family doctor, a heart specialist or cardiologist, and a surgeon.
• Nurses
• Exercise specialists
• Physical and occupational therapists
• Dietitians
• Psychologists or other behavior therapists

NORMAL VALUES

noreply@blogger.com (injectable android) — Mon, 02 Apr 2012 00:22:00 +0000

Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs) include:
* pH (norm 7.35-7.45)
* PaO2 (norm 80-100 mmHg)
*PaCO2 (norm 35-45 mmHg)
*HCO3 (norm 22-26 mEq/L)
*BE Base Excess (norm -2 to +2 mEq/L)
*SaO2 O2 saturation (norm 95-98%)

Vital Signs: normal
*T (96.6-99.3 F or 35.9-37.4 C)
*R (adults 12-18 CPM, infants 40-60 CPM)
*P (adults 60-100 BPM, infants 120-160 BPM)
*BP (young and middle-aged adults 120/80, older adults 140/80)

Electrolytes:
*Na (135-145 mEq/L)
*K (3.5-5mEq/L)
*Ca (9-10.5 mg/dl)
*Cl (90-110 mEq/L)
*Phosphorous (3-4.5 mg/dl)

Hematology:
Bleeding Time (1-9 minutes)
ESR (male-up to 15 mm/hr, female-up to 20 mm/hr)
Hct (male-< 47%, female-<42%)
Hgb (male 14-18 g/dl , female 12-16 g/dl)
Plt (150,000-450,000)
Protime (11-12 secs)
RBC (male 4.7-6.1 M/cu mm, female 4.2-5.4 M/ cu mm)
WBC (5,000-10,000 / cu mm)

Thyroid:
T3 (75-220 ug/dl)
T4 (4-11 ug/dl)

Others:
Cholesterol Level(<200 mg/dl)
Crea (.5-1.5 mg/dl)
Ig E (<.55 mg/dl)
Ig M (55-375 mg/dl)
Lead (<20 ug/dl)
SGOT/AST (8-20 U/L)
SGPT/ALT (8-20 U/L)