In episode 6 of season 9, we’re highlighting the study, “Impact of overweight, obesity, and severe obesity on life expectancy of Australian adults”, with Dr. Anagha Killedar. You’ll hear her share a little more on how this modeling method was created, the results, and which gender and age group appeared to be affected most by obesity. Those individuals who this study might resonate with the most, as well as the important clinical implications of this paper and key takeaways.

In episode 5 of season 9, we’re highlighting the study, “Cost savings of reducing opioid prescribing for the treatment of people with low back pain in general practice: a modelling study”, with Dr. Anagha Killedar. You’ll hear her share a little on modeling studies and how they are conducted, considerations with different countries and healthcare systems, the actual cost and life savings estimated with reduction in opioid prescribing, those individuals who might most be interested in this paper whom we might share it with, the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 4 of season 9 we’re highlighting the study, “Intensive supervised rehabilitation versus less supervised rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? A systematic review and meta-analysis” with Mr. Andrew Gamble. You’ll hear him elaborate on this issue of ACL reconstruction and subsequent rehabilitation considering what is best for outcomes, some of what may have been incorporated in rehab, the outcomes of return to sport participation, self-reported function, limb strength and functional performance tests, the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 3 of season 9 we’re highlighting the study, “Development of a patient decision aid for children and adolescents following anterior cruciate ligament rupture: an international mixed-methods study” with Mr. Andrew Gamble. You’ll hear him set the stage regarding the topic of management of ACL ruptures, precedence of decision aids in informing patients on other conditions, the specifics on how this study was conducted, specific statements made by those surveyed, the clinical implications and big takeaways

In episode 2 of season 9, we’re highlighting the study, “Management of Concussion Symptoms Utilizing Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy: a Case Series” with Mr. Dave Pleva. You’ll hear him set the stage regarding concussion and the standard assessment and treatment, three cases where a multidisciplinary group managed these patients, the utility of MDT in ruling in or out the presence of a mechanical source of symptoms, the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 1 of season 9 of Inside the Science, we highlight the study, “Physical examination tests of the shoulder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test performance” with Mr. Sigmund Gismervik. You’ll hear him explain what the literature was understood related to physical exam tests for the shoulder before this systematic review and meta-analysis, some clarification on diagnostic odds ratio measure and how pooled DOR is done, the tests which showed more promise and those which didn’t, the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 16 of season 8 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Classification approaches for treating lower back pain have small effects that are not clinically meaningful: a systematic review with meta-analysis” with Mr Scott Tagliaferri. You’ll hear him explain what the literature on classification systems was suggesting before which prompted this study, exactly what was assessed in this review, how effectiveness was measured from the included studies, which systems showed any superiority in effectiveness compared to others, possible interpretation regarding the use of classification systems for complaints like low back pain, the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 15 of season 8 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Patient experiences of rotator cuff-related shoulder pain and their views on diagnostic shoulder imaging: a qualitative study” with Dr. Peter Malliaris.  You’ll hear him discuss why he and his colleagues produced this paper, the impact of diagnostic imaging on rotator cuff-related pain patients, some themes from the responses of subjects in this study, how he’d suggest addressing these concerns with similar patients, the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 14 of season 8 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Patellar Tendinopathy: Clinical Diagnosis, Load Management, and Advice for Challenging Case Presentations” with Dr. Peter Malliaris. You’ll hear him explain the best terminology we should consider using with patients with tendon pain, what historical characteristics are most associated with it, the physical examination findings most consistent with it, the latest best evidence of loading strategies most effective in management, the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 13 of season 8 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “The effect of direction-specific thoracic manipulation on the cervical spine: a randomized control trial” with Dr. Steve Karas. You’ll hear him explain the specific methods of this study, other related papers which might be of interest on this topic, how Dr. Karas uses this paper practically, the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 12 of season 8 of Inside the Science, we highlight the study, “A randomized clinical trial to compare the immediate effects of seated thoracic manipulation and targeted supine thoracic manipulation on cervical spine flexion range of motion and pain” with Dr Steve Karas. You’ll hear him explain the results of each thoracic manipulation, other papers that address this topic of regional interdependence, the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 11 of season 8 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “The application of Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy to the ankle-foot complex: a case series” with Dr. Lindsay Carlton. You’ll hear her give the background related to this topic and why she and her coauthor decided to produce this work, clarify each patient in this series, give the important contrasting treatment which led to resolution different from conventional care, the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 10 of season 8 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention” with Dr. Jan Hartvigsen. You’ll hear him describe some of what prompted this study and how it’s part one of a three part series, the burden of back pain and what factors are associated with back pain and disability, the various risk factors of back pain, disability and persisting disability, the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 9 of season 8 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “The Outcome of Epidural Injections in Lumbar Radiculopathy Is Not Dependent on the Presence of Disc Herniation on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Assessment of Short-Term and Long-Term Efficacy” with Dr. Eduard Verheijen.  You’ll hear him describe some background information on this topic of the effectiveness of transforaminal epidural injections contrasting those to have lumbar disc herniation versus those without, the important findings of how many show herniation and how those with herniation respond to injection versus those without herniation, the effectiveness of a second injection when the first didn’t resolve the symptoms, some future related work he’s working on, the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 8 of season 8 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Epidural steroid compared to placebo injection in sciatica: a systematic review and meta‑analysis” with Dr. Eduard Verheijen. You’ll hear him describe why he and his coauthors wanted to pursue another systematic review on this topic, specific differences or lack of differences found in epidural steroid injections compared with placebos, the quality of evidence in these 17 studies, including the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 7 of season 8 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Utilizing directional preference in the management of cervicogenic headache: a case series” with Dr. Ron Schenk.  You’ll hear him share a bit about the backstory of this paper and the lead author Lin Lan Pu, some general information on headache classifications, some characteristics of this series of patients in the clinic setting of the primary investigator, specifics on how these patients were assessed and managed per mechanical diagnosis and therapy specific to this patient population, the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 6 of season 8 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Effectiveness of mechanical diagnosis and therapy in patients with back pain who meet a clinical prediction rule for spinal manipulation” with Dr. Ron Schenk. You’ll hear him share a bit about this paper’s origin and backstory, some clarification on clinical prediction rules, specifics on the methodology of this paper, the actual differences in outcomes in the two treatment arms, the clinical implications, and big takeaways.

In episode 5 of season 8 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “An international survey of the comprehensiveness of the McKenzie classification system and the proportions of classifications and directional preferences in patients with spinal pain” with Dr. Stephen May. You’ll hear him share the background of what prompted the paper, specifics as to what classification syndromes were found and to what percentage, what was found for the “OTHER” subgroup, what direction was generally preferred, how often the provisional classification remained the same from initial to discharge, the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 4 of season 8 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Centralization and directional preference: An updated systematic review with synthesis of previous evidence” with Dr. Stephen May. You’ll hear him share why the need for an updated systematic review, the consistency or variability of what was studied and the operational definitions of centralization and directional preference, the quality of the studies, the prevalence and the degree to which the data showed these two phenomena predict outcomes, the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 3 of season 8 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Diagnosing painful sacroiliac joints: A validity study of a McKenzie evaluation and sacroiliac provocation tests” with Dr. Mark Laslett. You’ll hear him share what was in the literature and why he and his coauthors had the opportunity to conduct this study, specifics on the procedure of clinical examination of the spine and SI joint, the injection process, the results and what they mean from a clinical utility perspective for SI joint provocation tests, the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 2 of season 8 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “The Reliability of Selected Pain Provocation Tests for Sacroiliac Joint Pathology” with Dr. Mark Laslett. You’ll hear him share what prompted he and his co-author to conduct and write this paper, what was lacking in precise examination and diagnosis of the sacroiliac joint prior, exactly how this study was conducted and why, what six tests were found to be more reliable and by how much, the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 1 of season 8 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Mastering Prognostic Tools: An Opportunity to Enhance Personalized Care and to Optimize Clinical Outcomes in Physical Therapy” with Dr. Yannick Tousignant-Laflamme. You’ll hear him share how making the best decisions for patients includes both diagnostic-related guidance and prognosis-related guidance, various factors which influence prognosis, clinical prediction rules, the clinical implications, and big takeaways.

In episode 16 of season 7 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Rehabilitation management of low back pain – it’s time to pull it all together!” with Dr. Yannick Tousignant-Laflamme. You’ll hear him share 5 domains of pain and disability, how these drivers of pain and disability of nociceptive pain, nervous system dysfunction, comorbidities, cognitive emotional, and contextual drivers appear, and what is useful to identify and with which to intervene needs of both the patients and the clinicians, what’s still uncertain due to the limitations of this study, the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 15 of season 7 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Improving consultations for persistent musculoskeletal low back pain in orthopaedic spine settings: an intervention development” with Dr. Kathrin Braeuninger-Weimer. You’ll hear her give the backstory on the genesis of this paper, more clarification of this intervention development, some of the more important needs of both the patients and the clinicians, what’s still uncertain due to the limitations of this study, the clinical implications and big takeaways

In episode 14 of season 7 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Reassurance and healthcare seeking in people with persistent musculoskeletal low back pain consulting orthopaedic spine practitioners: A prospective cohort study” with Dr. Kathrin Braeuninger-Weimer. You’ll hear her give specifics to the reassurance data collected, the reassurance elements that predicted more subsequent physician consultations later, the clinical implications, and big takeaways.

In episode 13 of season 7 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Shoulder pain in primary care: Frozen Shoulder” with Angela Cadogan. You’ll hear her share her comments on key features of frozen shoulder diagnosis, the three stages of the condition, the common complaints related to the two categories of pain-dominant versus stiffness-dominant phases, what best care is understood in the two stages appropriate for treatment, its etiology, the clinical implications, and big takeaways.

In episode 12 of season 7 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Examination and Imaging Findings for Identifying Subacromial Pain” with Angela Cadogan. You’ll hear her share the backstory to why she and her co-authors conducted the study, specifics important to understand regarding the methods, the key findings including what is correlated to a higher likelihood of subacromial impingement, how the loss of motion with particular directions of shoulder motion, how this impacts the popular discussion of whether impingement exists in the first place the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 11 of season 7 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “A call to action: direct access to physical therapy is highly successful in the US military. When will professional bodies, legislatures, and payers provide the same advantages to all US civilian physical therapists?” with Lindsay Clark and Bryant Clark. You’ll hear them share what prompted the study, some of what else has been published prior on this topic, additional evidence which would support PTs are safe and effective to see patients via direct access, some of the resistance to direct access for physical therapists, other studies on this topic, the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 10 of season 7 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “International Framework for Red Flags for Potential Serious Spinal Pathologies” with Dr. Laura Finucane. You’ll hear her give the backstory of the need for better abilities to pick on serious pathology through red flag identification, how prevalent these conditions are, a suggested three-step process on how a clinician might approach these scenarios, the risk factors related to four more common serious pathology conditions, the clinical implications, and big takeaways.

In episode 9 of season 7 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Effect of Information Content and General Practitioner Recommendation to Exercise on Treatment Beliefs and Intentions for Knee Osteoarthritis: An Online Multi-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial” with Dr. Belinda Lawford.  You’ll hear her further share specifics on what prompted the study, how the study was carried out, her perspective on how this might be carried out in everyday practice, other studies on the topic, the clinical implications, and big takeaways.

In episode 8 of season 7 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Removing pathoanatomical content from information pamphlets about knee osteoarthritis did not affect beliefs about imaging or surgery but led to lower perceptions that exercise is damaging and better osteoarthritis knowledge: An online randomized controlled trial” with Dr Belinda Lawford.  You’ll hear her give the backstory of what prompted the study, why a group was chosen without symptoms and were given a hypothetical scenario about knee osteoarthritis, specifics on the methods of the study, the important results discovered related to giving more information and including pathoanatomical terms or not, the clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 7 of season 7 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Physical Therapists Are Routinely Performing the Requisite Skills to Directly Refer for Musculoskeletal Imaging: An Observational Study ” with Dr. Lance Mabry.  You’ll hear him elaborate on some background of physical therapists’ capability of safely referring for imaging, the potential benefits of PTs taking on this role, specifics on the methods and how the survey was administered, the results, the clinical implications, and big takeaways

In episode 6 of season 7 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Safety Events and Privilege Utilization Rates in Advanced Practice Physical Therapy Compared to Traditional Primary Care: An Observational Study” with Dr. Lance Mabry. You’ll hear him elaborate on the utilization of these ten categories of services and treatment delivered in the two groups, which services were utilized more or less by the physical therapy group compared to the family health group, how this fits within the idea that PTs are or aren’t suitable and safe as first-line providers for musculoskeletal disorder management, the clinical implications, and big takeaways.

In episode 5 of season 7 of Inside the Science, we’re highlighting the study, “Prehabilitation Improves Knee Functioning Before and Within the First Year After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis” with Dr. Pascale Granicher. She shares some specifics on the studies which met the inclusion criteria, which parameters measured showed some favor for the prehab intervention group, the clinical implications, and big takeaways.

In episode 4 of season 7 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Do athletes benefit from preoperative physical therapy before ACL reconstruction?” with Dr. Pascale Granicher. She shares some specifics on what the literature suggests is related to whether an athlete returns to a sport or not, and how factors like psychological factors, knee-specific factors, patient-specific factors, and timing of surgery may impact a return to sport. She also shares any relationship between prehabilitation to a return to sport and her recommended clinical implications and big takeaways.

In episode 3 of season 7 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Quantitative MRI to Characterize the Nucleus Pulposus Morphological and Biomechanical Variation According to Sagittal Bending Load and Radial Fissure, an ex vivo Ovine Specimen Proof-of-Concept Study” with Dr. Jean-Philippe Deneuville. He shares how this and his prior systematic review was part of his doctorate work, more specifics on the method of this lamb specimen model, the loads placed on the model, and the nuclear migration exhibited on both the intact, healthy disc and the disc with the fissure, the clinical implications, and big takeaways.

In episode 2 of season 7 of Inside the Science, we’re highlighting the study, “The Dynamic Disc Model, a systematic review with meta-analysis” with Dr. Jean-Philippe Deneuville. He shares how this paper was part of his doctorate work, the previous literature related to the disc model, some of the specific studies included in this review, the support for the use of the disc model of nuclear material migration upon loading, his recommended clinical implications, and big takeaways.

In episode 1 of season 7 of Inside the Science, we’re highlighting the study, “Efficacy, Tolerability, and Dose-Dependent Effects of Opioid Analgesics for Low Back Pain” with Dr. Christina Abdel Shaheed. She shares some of what prompted this study, how patterns of prescribing opioids vary across the globe, some specifics on the studies included in this review, and how she would advise the reader who cares for patients with low back pain who are prescribed opioids might use this paper to advocate for their patient, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 16 of season 6 of Inside the Science, we’re highlighting the study, “Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) for acute low back pain: systematic review” with Dr. Christina Abdel Shaheed. She shares what TENS is and its intent, what the evidence says about TENS for chronic low back pain, the interpretations she’d advise in situations like this where there is simply a lack of evidence for an intervention, how TENS may be viewed as an alternative intervention to opioids, the clinical implications, and the big takeaways.

In episode 15 of season 6 of Inside The Science, we’re highlighting the study, “Efficacy, safety, and dose-dependence of the analgesic effects of opioid therapy for people with osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis” with Dr. Christina Abdel Shaheed. She shares some of what prompted this study, the dilemma related to the use of opioids for patients with osteoarthritis, the results of the placebo-controlled studies which were included in this systematic review, the responsibility she feels clinicians have in informing the public of these results, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 14 of season 6 of Inside the Science, we’re highlighting the study, “Development of a patient decision aid on subacromial decompression surgery and rotator cuff repair surgery: an international mixed-methods study” with Dr. Joshua Zadro. He explains from where the idea of this paper came, some specifics as to what is included in the decision aid itself, what was identified as to when a shoulder surgery is appropriate, and some of the differing opinions of the aid from patients versus various clinicians, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 13 of season 6 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Observational Scapular Dyskinesis: Known-Groups Validity in Patients With and Without Shoulder Pain” with Dr. Lori Michener. She explains specific on the methods, some limitations in the design, the conclusions she encourages the reader to takeaway related to scapular movement, how she’s use this study to educate her patients, additional clinical implications and big takeaways, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 12 of season 6 of Inside the Science, we’re highlighting the study, “Effect of diagnostic labeling on management intentions for non-specific low back pain: A randomized scenario-based experiment” with Dr. Joshua Zadro. He explains how this paper was similar and different than his label impact on shoulder patients paper highlighted in S6E11, any unexpected results, why the need for imaging was chosen as the primary outcome, and what patient-type might be more influenced baby the labels chosen as their diagnosis, the clinical implications, and the big takeaways.

In episode 11 of season 6 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Diagnostic Labels for Rotator Cuff Disease Can Increase People’s Perceived Need for Shoulder Surgery: An Online Randomized Controlled Trial” with Dr. Joshua Zadro. He explains the details on what was in the literature previously including the variability of terms used to label it, what prompted he and his coauthors to conduct and publish it, specifics on how these surveys were delivered, there important results found, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 10 of season 6 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Effects of Resistance Exercise and Protein on Body Composition Following Weight Loss” with Dr. Wayne Westcott. He explains the details on how this paper was a continuation of his paper highlighted in S6E10, how these subjects maintained body weight loss, the change in body composition which occurred including an increase in lean mss, the importance of lean mass gain, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 9 of season 6 of Inside the Science, we're highlighting the study, “Exercise and Nutrition Effects on Body Composition and Blood Measures in Overweight Adults” with Dr. Wayne Westcott. He explains the details on what was included in the aerobic and resistance exercise, the more important data which were found, how these results compare to other attempts to reduce weight and improve body composition the clinical implications, and the big takeaways.

In episode 8 of season 6 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Risk factors for a recurrence of low back pain” with Dr. Mark Hancock. He explains the context of this topic and what prompted he and his coauthors to conduct and publish it, the criteria required for participants to be included, the history findings and MRI abnormalities associated with those who show a greater likelihood to have low bak pain recurrence, what he feels we should do with this information, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 7 of season 6 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “ Multi-centre randomised controlled trial comparing arthroscopic hip surgery to physiotherapist-led care for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome on hip cartilage metabolism: the Australian FASHIoN trial” with Dr. David Hunter. He explain what exactly was measured and how, how the primary outcome of joint cartilage status and change was used to control placebo effect, how we should interpret this in everyday clinical consideration, what actually was favored between arthroscopy and physiotherapy-led care, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 6 of season 6 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Exploring indicators of extremity pain of spinal source as identified by Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT): a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study” with Mr Ravi Rastogi. He explains the context of this follow up study from the original EXPOSS study from 2019, a closer look at the questions and physical exam findings which were gathered as potential as predictors of the source of symptoms being from the spine versus the extremities, how he interprets and uses this paper, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 5 of season 6 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Association of Lumbar MRI Findings with Current and Future Back Pain in a Population-Based Cohort Study” with Dr. Mark Hancock. He explains the context of this topic and what prompted it what the more important data to retain from this study is, some specifics on how MRI findings were or weren’t associated current and future low back pain, some other papers which he’d also recommend on this topic, how he educates his patients on what positive MRI may or may not mean, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 4 of season 6 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Is a stepped-care intervention effective in overweight and obese people with medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis? A randomized controlled trial” with Dr. David Hunter. He explains what prompted this work, how this study attempted to mimic clinical practice, why the criteria of subjects being obese was included, more on the methods, how subjects were stepped into the second phase, what qualified as disease remission, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 3 of season 6 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “How common is imaging for low back pain in primary and emergency care? Systematic review and meta-analysis of over 4 million imaging requests across 21 years” with Dr. Mark Hancock. He explains the context of this topic and what prompted it what the more important data to retain from this study is, the challenges with defining what appropriate and inappropriate imaging is, some practical in-clinic considerations, other studies which may be important to read as well, how he educates his patients related to their appropriateness for imaging, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 2 of season 6 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Effect of Intra-articular Platelet-Rich Plasma vs Placebo Injection on Pain and Medial Tibial Cartilage Volume in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis The RESTORE Randomized Clinical Trial” with Dr. David Hunter. He explains what the previous literature suggested about PRP injections, what the treatment is, technically and theoretically, proposed to do, how there are a lot of studies which have shown positive effects but that most of that data is of poor quality. He also shares the clinical implications for interventionists and conservative care clinicians and the big takeaways.

In episode 1 of season 6 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “What messages predict intention to self-manage low back pain? A study of attitudes towards patient education” with Dr. Ian Harris. He explains the context of this topic and what prompted it including an attempt to demedicalize low back pain, why some patients didn’t like some of the comments and educational statements given even though they may be true and his thoughts on why that might be, some other papers related to labelling from a pathoanatomical perspective and how this may affect a patient’s tendency to self manage, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 16 of season 5 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “The Relationship Between History and Physical Examination Findings and the Outcome of Electrodiagnostic Testing in Patients With Sciatica Referred to Physical Therapy” Dr. Nathan Savage. He shares what prompted this study, the results and association or lack of association with examination and patient history for patients with sciatica of electrodiagnostic testing with sciatica, how this should impact our care and education for our patients, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 15 of season 5 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy: did it ever work?” with Dr. Ian Harris. He explains a bit of the history behind partial meniscectomy, the faulty thinking of its ability to cause a good outcome from its beginning, what systematic reviews on this topic have consistently shown, his thoughts on the those who would propose they have an effective selection process to favorably impact the results, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 14 of season 5 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “The prognostic value of electrodiagnostic testing in patients with sciatica receiving physical therapy” Dr. Nathan Savage. He shares some general understanding of electrodiagnostic testing, common electrodiagnostic testing changes with radiculopathy and expected test results over time in this population, elaboration of the extension-based care given, how this study may help for treatment decision making, whether conservative or interventional care, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 13 of season 5 of Inside the Science, we’re highlighting the study, “Preoperative factors and patient-reported outcomes after total hip arthroplasty: a multivariable prediction model” with Dr Ian Harris. He explains more about what specifically was found to predict a patient’s outcome for hip joint replacement, how we should and shouldn’t interpret the results of this paper, how we might use this paper to educate others, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 12 of season 5 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “High Impact Chronic Pain Transition in Lumbar Surgery Recipients” with Dr Chad Cook. He explains more about this label of high impact chronic pain as it pertains to lumbar pain populations, more in-depth clarification of the methods of this study, who this data may be most meaningful to and with whom we may be wise to share it, the clinical presentation of these lumbar patients, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 11 of season 5 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the editorial, “Is heavy eccentric calf training our best option for mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy? A systematic review and meta-analysis” with Dr. Ebonie Rio. She explains the findings of this systematic review, what constitutes the comparative exercises eccentrics were compared to, with whom this data is most important to share, how it’s not about what is the best exercise but what is best for the patient in front of me at this moment, the clinical implications and the big takeaways

In episode 10 of season 5 of Inside the Science, we’re highlighting the study, “High-impact chronic pain transition in surgical recipients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy” with Dr. Chad Cook. He explains more about this label of high impact chronic pain, more in-depth clarification of the methods of this study, who this data may be most meaningful to and with whom we may be wise to share it, the clinical presentation of cervical spondylotic myelopathy, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 9 of season 5 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the editorial, “Adaptation of the pathological tendon: You cannot trade in for a new one, but perhaps you don't need to?” with Dr. Ebonie Rio. She explains the current understand of the pathology of a tendon, how she educates her patients who present with a painful or limiting tendon, some suggested resources to paint an accurate picture for patients, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 8 of season 5 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Classification of older adults who underwent lumbar-related surgery using pre-operative biopsychosocial predictors and relationships with surgical recovery: An observational study conducted in the United States” with Dr. Chad Cook. He explains more about the three categories of risk of poor outcomes related to surgical recovery, a possible role of the non-surgical care provider and how we might contribute through screening patients, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 7 of season 5 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Association of sedentary behavior and early engagement in physical activity with low back pain in adolescents: a cross‐sectional epidemiological study” with Dr. Italo Lemes. He explains the methods and what qualified as physical activity and sedentary behavior, the most important finding, who the most relevant audience is and why policy makers are included, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 6 of season 5 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Isometric Exercise to Reduce Pain in Patellar Tendinopathy In-Season; Is It Effective “on the Road?” with Dr. Ebonie Rio. She explains how load was applied through this Spanish squat variation, the importance of patient or subject adherence, how educating the patient was scripted including a careful choice of words used, how these results are partly due to natural history, more studies on patellar tendinopathy, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 5 of season 5 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Efficacy of Exercise Intervention as Determined by the McKenzie System of Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis; A RCT” with Mr. Richard Rosedale. He shares some specifics of the methods important to understand, the operational definition of directional preference in this paper, the most important data he’d suggest we take from the results like the effect size, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 4 of season 5 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Shoulder Pain of Spinal Source in the Military: A Case Series” with Dr. Joseph Hathcock. He shares the selection process of these three patients with shoulder complaints included in this case series, the unique loading strategies which yielded a reduction of each subject’s pain and the restoration of movement and function, the subject’s response and utilization of care and timeframe needed to recover, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 3 of season 5 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Measurement of outcomes for patients with centralizing versus non-centralizing neck pain” with Dr. Terry Rose. He shares what was lacking in the literature which prompted this study, the operational definition of centralization which was used, the most important data he’d suggest we take from the results, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 2 of season 5 we’re highlighting the study, “Inter-rater Reliability of the McKenzie Method of Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy for the Provisional Classification of Low Back Pain in Adolescents and Young Adults ” with Ms. Monica Chan. In the full discussion you’ll hear Ms. Chan further explain the limitations of this study, the most important data to draw from this paper including the agreement between the examiners, possible reasons why younger subjects were classified less reliably, the specific implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 1 of season 5, we’re highlighting the study, “Directional preference of the wrist: a preliminary investigation” with Dr. Joe Maccio. In the full discussion, you’ll hear Dr. Maccio further explain the characteristics of these 19 patients, the predictive observations of those patients showing directional preference, how this has influenced his assessment of extremities in general and especially patients with wrist complaints, the specific implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 16 of season 4, we’re highlighting the study, “Evaluation is a treatment for low back pain” with Dr. Korey Zimney. In the full discussion, you’ll hear Dr. Zimney further elaborate on the importance of the clinician-patient relationship commonly referred to as therapeutic alliance, specifics on the methods, which aspects of pain, beliefs and function were impacted and which weren’t, why he believes that may have occurred, the specific implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 15 of season 4, we’re highlighting the study, “The clinical application of teaching people about pain” with Dr. Kory Zimney. In the full discussion, you’ll hear Dr. Zimney further explain the evidence behind effective pain neuroscience education, the benefits of the use of metaphors, examples, and illustrations, other resources to read additionally, the specific implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 14 of season 4, we’re highlighting the study, “The application of mechanical diagnosis and therapy in lateral epicondylalgia” with Mr. Joe Maccio. In the full discussion, you’ll hear Mr. Maccio further explain the method of assessment and treatment for these three patients, the understood conventional criteria with which clinicians use to diagnose a patient with lateral epicondylitis or epicondylosis, specifics on the history and physical exam findings with the subjects, the specific implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 13 of season 4 we’re highlighting the study, “Is a government-regulated rehabilitation guideline more effective than general practitioner education or preferred-provider rehabilitation in promoting recovery from acute whiplash-associated disorders? A pragmatic randomised controlled trial” with Dr. Pierre Cote. If you’d like to get access to the full discussion with Dr. Cote to hear him further explain how too much care too early can delay recovery, the differences of what was delivered in these three groups, how reducing the time it took for patients to receive care affected recovery, the specific implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 12 of season 4, we’re highlighting the study, “Directional preference of the extremity: a preliminary investigation” with Dr Joe Maccio. In the full discussion, you’ll hear Dr Maccio further explain what data was measured and gathered, what were the most associated findings linked to those with a directional preference and therefore classified as derangement, some data regarding movement targeted at the thoracic spine, the specific implications and the big takeaways. You can subscribe to the premium version at www.mechanicalcareforum.com

In episode 11 of season 4, we’re highlighting the study, “Management of neck pain and associated disorders: A clinical practice guideline from the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration” with Dr. Pierre Cote. If you’d like to get access to the full discussion with Dr. Cote to hear him further explain the bone and joint decade task force on neck pain and associated disorders which led to this study, how clinical guidelines, in general, should be used and their value, the specific implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 10 of season 4 of Inside the Science, we’re highlighting the study, “More cost-effective management of patients with musculoskeletal disorders in primary care after direct triaging to physiotherapists for initial assessment compared to initial general practitioner assessment” with Dr. Lena Bornhoft. You’ll hear her explain a triage system steering patients to Physios as compared to medical doctors, what effect this simple change in who saw the patient first had on secondary costs, how we might apply this in our own markets, its clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 9 of season 4 we’re highlighting the study, “Physiotherapy in Primary Care Triage – the effects on utilization of medical services at primary health care clinics by patients and sub-groups of patients with musculoskeletal disorders: a case-control study” with Dr. Lena Bornhoft. You’ll hear her elaborate on this triage system, how we should best interpret these findings, who might be most interested in this data, its clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 8 of season 4, we’re highlighting the study, “Effectiveness of Physical Therapists Serving as Primary Care Musculoskeletal Providers as Compared to Family Practice Providers in a Deployed Combat Location: A Retrospective Medical Chart Review” with Dr Troy McGill. You’ll hear him further explain what was done in this study, the results related to the utilization of tests and services, and the most important outcomes of return to duty rate comparison, the most fitting audience who should have an interest in this data, its clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 7 of season 4 we’re highlighting the study, “Do exercise-based prevention programs reduce non-contact musculoskeletal injuries in football (soccer)? A systematic review and meta-analysis with 13,355 athletes and more than 1 million exposure hours” with Dr. Italo Lemes. If you’d like to get access to the full discussion with Dr. Lemes to hear him further explain the specifics as to how this trial was conducted, what made up these prevention programs, what we should consider in addressing footballers or soccer players, the specific implications and the big takeaways

In episode 6 of season 4 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Prevention of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Female Athletes” with Dr. Corinna Franklin. You’ll hear her description of the difficulties due to variability in the included studies on ACL prevention programs, her explanation of some of the studies specific components to these programs and findings, the implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 5 of season 4 of Inside the Science, we’re highlighting the study, “Stiff Landings, Core Stability, and Dynamic Knee Valgus: A Systematic Review on Documented Anterior Cruciate Ligament Ruptures in Male and Female Athletes” with Dr Corinna Franklin. You’ll hear her description of the difficulties due to variability in the included studies, her elaboration on some of the more common findings associated with noncontact ACL injuries, the implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 4 of season 4 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Does early management of whiplash-associated disorders assist or impede recovery?” with Dr. Pierre Cote. You’ll hear him explain what prompted the production of this paper, what was in the literature on this topic before, the elements of clinicians care which can lead to iatrogenic disability, other non-clinical elements which can also negatively effect recovery, the implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 3 of season 4 of Inside the Science, we’re highlighting the study, “Primary care management of patients with pain complaints and the influence of physician training in mechanical diagnosis and therapy” with Dr Vikas Agarwal. You’ll hear him explain how he attempted to reduce bias, even more of the differences in medications prescribed, procedures delivered and referrals made, the costs calculated, why he believes these data could make incredible positive impacts on our healthcare system, the implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 2 of season 4 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the pre-published study, “Comparison of Prevalence of Degenerative Findings in Lumbar Magnetic Resonance Imaging among Sciatica Patients classified using the McKenzie Method ” with Dr. Sinikka Kilpikoski. She explains the differences in MRI findings in those who classified as derangement versus mechanically unresponsive radicular syndrome or MURS, the details of how this study was conducted, how she uses this information to educate others and with whom she shares it, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 1 of season 4 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “The Association of High School Sport Participation and Injury History in Collegiate Club Sport Athletes” with Mr. Kevin Biese. He shares what previous studies on sport specialization and collegiate or professional sports and injuries have shown, the specific findings related to injuries in club college sports and previous athletic behavior, why he believes these data may have been the way they were, other studies he’d recommend reading, the implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 16 of season 3 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “ACL reconstruction for all is not cost-effective after acute ACL rupture” with Dr. Vincent Eggerding. He shares what else is out there in the literature on this topic, what a quality-adjusted life year is, the most important data gleaned from this study related to cost and outcomes, how many subjects in the rehab group were eventually operated on, how we might use this information clinically, and the big takeaways.

In episode 15 of season 3 of Inside the Science, we’re highlighting the study, “Differences in Knee Shape between ACL Injured and Non-Injured: A Matched Case-Control Study of 168 Patients” with Dr Vincent Eggerding. He shares what led to this study, what these 5 general anatomical characteristics were which were associated with a greater likelihood of ACL rupture, what this means to clinicians working with those with and without ACL injuries and the big takeaways.

In episode 14 of season 3 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Beliefs in the Population about Cracking Sounds Produced during Spinal Manipulation” with Dr. Christophe Demoulin. He shares why he believes its important to know what patients believe about joint cracking, other studies which can shed light on this topic, some of the expectations of the authors and how these results might have been surprising, how this information might prepare a clinician as they plan to perform a manual manipulation, the clinical implications and the big takeaways.

In episode 13 of season 3 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Does load management using the acute: chronic workload ratio prevent health problems? A cluster-randomized trial of 482 elite youth footballers of both sexes” with Dr Torstein Dalen Lorensten. He shares his views on the specific items and how they were measured for these youth athletes, his belief as to what caused these results, what this means for those working with youth athletes and with the goal of reducing injury, and the big takeaways.

In episode 12 of season 3 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Is the Acute: Chronic Workload Ratio (ACWR) Associated with Risk of Time‑Loss Injury in Professional Team Sports? A Systematic Review of Methodology, Variables and Injury Risk in Practical Situations” with Dr. Tim Gabbett. He shares a description of this principle, how it compares to the 10% rule, the practical implications for rehab professionals for their athletes , where one could go to find out more on this topic, and the big takeaways.

In episode 11 of season 3 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “How Much? How Fast? How Soon? Three Simple Concepts for Progressing Training Loads to Minimize Injury Risk and Enhance Performance” with Dr Tim Gabbett. He shares considerations of elements of load related to athletes including the floor, the ceiling, and time in respect to the competitive season, what the practitioner working with athletes should consider in terms of preparing them and keeping them healthy, where one could go to find out more on this topic, the implications when working with athletes and the big takeaways.

In episode 10 of season 3 of Inside the Science, we’re highlighting the study, “Validation of a pain mechanism classification system (PMCS) in physical therapy practice” with Ms. Melissa Kolski. She shares specifics on this classification system including each subgroups’ distinct characteristics, the sensitivity, and specificity of each classification, the clinical implications, and the big takeaways.

In episode 9 of season 3 of Inside the Science, we’re highlighting the study, “A directional preference approach for chronic pelvic pain, bladder dysfunction and concurrent musculoskeletal symptoms: a case series” with Ms. Christine Hughes. She shares specifics on the 7 pelvic-related cases from this series, what common forces and interventions played a significant role in resolving their primary complaints, what interventions weren’t given as they weren’t necessary, the clinical implications, and the big takeaways.

In episode 8 of season 3 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Lower step rate is associated with a higher risk of bone stress injury: a prospective study of collegiate cross country runners” with Ms. Christa Wille and Ms. Mikel Joachim. They share specifics about their aims with this study, what two primary factors were most associated with bone stress injuries and what weren’t, the clinical implications, and the big takeaways.

In episode 7 of season 3 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “An orthopedic manual physical therapy fellowship training’s impact on professional development, involvement, personal lives, and income – A survey study with its author Dr. Mark Shepherd. He shares an explanation of the data collected from those fellowship graduates, what specifically was found, a behind-the-scenes elaboration, his suggested clinical implications, and the big takeaways.

In episode 6 of season 3 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Does objectively measured prolonged standing for desk work result in lower ratings of perceived low back pain than sitting? A systematic review and meta-analysis” with Dr. Diana De Carvalho. She shares the association of prolonged standing, the comparison in the included studies of how subjects responded to standing versus sitting versus a mixture of the two, the clinical implications including how she’d use this to educate patients, and the big takeaways.

In episode 5 of season 3 of Inside the Science we’re highlighting the study, “Association of Exposures to Seated Postures With Immediate Increases in Back Pain: A Systematic Review of Studies With Objectively Measured Sitting Time” with Dr. Diana De Carvalho. She shares the association of prolonged sitting and immediate report of low back pain, other studies which would reveal more information on this topic, the clinical implications, and the big takeaways.

In episode 4 of season 3 of Inside the Science, we’re highlighting the study, “The session rating scale preliminary psychometric properties of a working alliance measure.” with the author, Dr. Scott Miller. He shares his understanding of the patient-clinician alliance, how alliance scores and changes in alliance scores through the episode of care correlate to outcomes, the clinical implications, and the big takeaways.

In episode 3 of season 3 of Inside the Science, we’re highlighting the study, “The Outcome Rating Scale: A Preliminary Study of the Reliability, Validity, and Feasibility of a Brief Visual Analog Measure” with the author, Dr. Scott Miller. He shares his thoughts on how well this tool might apply to our patients with musculoskeletal disorders, the specific statistical results, the clinical implications, and the big takeaways.