I will describe a easier way to setup a OpenLDAP Replication using slapd.conf as a base for the cn=config-Backend.

The shown way is based on OpenLDAP shipped with Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid) using SSL. The master LDAP-Server configuration is not part of this HowTo. So we are considering you have a running Master LDAP Server, that is already configured to provide LDAP Replication mechanism.

HowTo

(I am assuming you are root on the Ubuntu Box, otherwise prefix the commands with sudo)

• aptitude install slapd ldap-utils
• /etc/init.d/slapd stop
• cd /etc/ldap
• mv slapd.d slapd.d.backup
• create slapd.conf (e.g. vi slapd.conf), with your replication directives know from Ubuntu < 9.10
  (Note this slapd.conf is just a example we are using it, please adapt it matching your needs. Furthermore all ACL directives are defaults in this example, so please use your ACLs defined on the master or adapt the slave ones matching your needs. The syncrepl rid may vary depending on your system too.)

  include         /etc/ldap/schema/core.schema
  include         /etc/ldap/schema/cosine.schema
  include         /etc/ldap/schema/nis.schema
  include         /etc/ldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema
  pidfile         /var/run/slapd/slapd.pid
  argsfile        /var/run/slapd/slapd.args
  loglevel        none
  modulepath      /usr/lib/ldap
  moduleload      back_hdb
  sizelimit 500
  tool-threads 1
  backend         hdb
  database        hdb
  suffix          "dc=yourdomain,dc=info"
  rootdn          "cn=admin,dc=yourdomain,dc=info"
  syncrepl rid=125
           provider=ldaps://masterldap.yourdomain.info
           type=refreshAndPersist
           searchbase="dc=yourdomain,dc=info"
           filter="(objectClass=*)"
           scope=sub
           schemachecking=off
           bindmethod=simple
           binddn="cn=auth,dc=yourdomain,dc=info"
           credentials=your_sync_user_pw
  directory       "/var/lib/ldap"
  dbconfig set_cachesize 0 2097152 0
  dbconfig set_lk_max_objects 1500
  dbconfig set_lk_max_locks 1500
  dbconfig set_lk_max_lockers 1500
  index           objectClass eq
  lastmod         on
  checkpoint      512 30
   
  access to attrs=userPassword,shadowLastChange
          by dn="cn=admin,dc=yourdomain,dc=info" write
          by anonymous auth
          by self write
          by * none
   
  access to dn.base="" by * read
   
  access to *
          by dn="cn=admin,dc=yourdomain,dc=info" write
          by * read
   
  TLSCACertificateFile /etc/ldap/ca.crt
  TLSCertificateFile /etc/ldap/your.host.crt
  TLSCertificateKeyFile /etc/ldap/your.host.key
  # For Self signed Certs use:
  TLSVerifyClient never

• mkdir slapd.d
• slaptest -f slapd.conf -F slapd.d (this generates the new cn=config based on the slad.conf)
• chown -R openldap: slapd.d
• vi slapd.d/cn\=config/olcDatabase\=\{0\}config.ldif
  • remove uri="" from olcSyncrepl
  • add retry="5 5 300 +" to olcSyncrepl
  • result should look like this:

    olcSyncrepl: rid=125 provider=ldaps://masterldap.yourdomain.info bindmethod=simple
      timeout=0 network-timeout=0 binddn="cn=auth,dc=yourdomain,dc=info" credentials="y
      our_sync_user_pw" starttls=no tls_reqcert=demand filter="(objectClass=*)" searchbase="dc=
     ipunct,dc=net" scope=sub schemachecking=off type=refreshAndPersist retry=unde
     fined retry="5 5 300 +"

  • Reference: BUG  in sldap.conf conversion (http://www.openldap.org/its/ ITS#6465)
• edit /etc/default/slapd.conf to enabled ldaps and use ldap just on localhost:

  SLAPD_SERVICES="ldap://127.0.0.1:389/ ldaps:/// ldapi:///"
  

• Copy over the needed SSL certificates and key and check access rights of the files
• /etc/init.d/slapd start
• on issues use slapd debug mode: slapd -d 16383

Professional Linux and OpenLDAP support

Confluence is a Enterprise Wiki from Atlassian, which is just awesome. It is supporting tons of free and commercial Plugins and Themes. It is perfect for documentation, document management and working in Teams.

We are using it since the middle of the last year starting with Version 3.0.2 running on Sun Oracle Glassfish V2 Application Server. The first Upgrade try to Confluence 3.1.1 failed caused by compatibility issues of Apache Xerces. Denny a colleague of mine figured out a way to solve that issue.

The Confluence setup it self is well described on the Atlassian Homepage, but as Atlassian is not officially supporting Sun Oracle Glassfish Application Server, this post will describe how to get Confluence running on Glassfish V2.

Preparing of the Confluence WAR

Download the Confluence WAR (in our case Confluence 3.1.2 from 3th March 2010) from the Atlassian Homepage, to the Linux Box you want to deploy the file on:

Download EAR/WAR and extract

cd /usr/local/src
wget http://www.atlassian.com/software/confluence/downloads/binary/confluence-3.1.2.tar.gz
tar xfzv confluence-3.1.2.tar.gz


Confluence needed changes

vi confluence-3.1.2/confluence/WEB-INF/classes/confluence-init.properties

and set confluence.home=/local/confluence to you Confluence Data Directory.

Afterwards create the data directory mkdir -p /local/confluence, you may need to change the owner and/or rights to the USER Glassifish is running as.

Finally build the new WAR, that will be deployed on the Glassfish Application Server:
/usr/local/src/confluence-3.1.2#sh build.sh

Changes in Glassfish

There are compatibility issues between the Apache Xerces library shipped with Glassfish and the one shipped with Confluence > 3.1.

To prevent the conflicts in the JAVA Classpath we need to rename the GLASSFISH_HOME/lib/webservices-rt.jar to GLASSFISH_HOME/lib/webservices-rt-v2u1-b09d.jar, than edit GLASSFISH_HOME/domains/*/config/domain.xml and replace the library name by the modified library file name and restart the domain and the node agents.

YEAH YEAH, all previously existing exception caused by the different Apache Xerces Libraries are gone

Deployment in a rush

Skip the steps that are not need on your installation, e.g. if you already have a running node agent or similar

As said in the intro, the Setup and Installation is well described by Atlassian. So these steps will describe the deployment on a clustered Glassfish in a rush:

• Create DB and DB User
• Get the JDBC Connector for MySQL, if not already installed
• Copy the mysql-connector-java-5.0.6-bin.jar to GLASSFISH_HOME/lib
• Create MySQL Connection Pool (test the connectivity)
• Create a node-agent
• Create a cluster called confluence
• Create cluster instance for your node
• Create a DataSource jdbc/ConfluenceDSusing the already created ConnectionPool, assign it to the cluster confluence and enable it
• Deploy the created WAR to the Application Server
• Start the Cluster instance on the node you want to run it on
• Proceed the need steps via the installation process

Update 1

We have successfully deployed Atlassian Confluence 3.3 on Glassfish V2. So this HowTo can be adopted to Confluence 3.3 Version too.

Update 2

Today we deployed the new Atlassian Confluence 3.4 Version on Glassfish V2. So this HowTo can be used for the Confluence 3.4 installation too.

Professional Confluence Support and Hosting

Temperature graph from a 3Ware 9550SX-8LP with NagiosGrapher

Installation and configuration of needed packages

• #aptitude install smartmontools snmpd

• Copy the a wrapper script for smartmontools to /usr/local/bin/get_smart_value.sh, it will be used by SNMP later

  #!/bin/bash
  # Extract the Temperature Value from the SMART values gained by smartclt
  # the value 194 contains the HDD Temperature
  smartctl -a -d 3ware,${1} ${2} | grep ^194 | awk '{print $10}'

  … and do a chmod +x /usr/local/bin/get_smart_value.sh

• Configure SNMPd to to run extend-Commands (/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf) and add at the end of the file:

  ...
  extend 3Ware_1_Port0 '/usr/bin/sudo /usr/local/bin/get_smart_value.sh 0 /dev/twa0'
  extend 3Ware_1_Port1 '/usr/bin/sudo /usr/local/bin/get_smart_value.sh 1 /dev/twa0'
  extend 3Ware_1_Port2 '/usr/bin/sudo /usr/local/bin/get_smart_value.sh 2 /dev/twa0'
  extend 3Ware_1_Port3 '/usr/bin/sudo /usr/local/bin/get_smart_value.sh 3 /dev/twa0'
  extend 3Ware_1_Port4 '/usr/bin/sudo /usr/local/bin/get_smart_value.sh 4 /dev/twa0'
  extend 3Ware_1_Port5 '/usr/bin/sudo /usr/local/bin/get_smart_value.sh 5 /dev/twa0'
  #in our system just 6 HDDs are connected so we will return 0 for the non used
  extend 3Ware_1_Port6 '/bin/echo 0'
  extend 3Ware_1_Port7 '/bin/echo 0'

  … and restart SNMPd with /etc/init.d/snmpd restart

• # visudo

  and add the following line

  snmp    ALL = NOPASSWD: /usr/local/bin/get_smart_value.sh

  … to allow snmp run the script as SuperUser, which is needed to get the S.M.A.R.T. values via smartctl

Nagios Temperature Checking

define service{
        use                             generic-service
        host_name                       your-server-with-3ware.name.tld
        service_description             3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP
        flap_detection_enabled          1
        max_check_attempts              4
        check_period                    24x7
        notification_period             24x7
        check_command                   check_snmp!$HOSTADDRESS$!yourcommunitystring!2c!.1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.1.3.2.4.1.2.13.51.87.97.114.101.95.49.95.80.111.114.116.48.1,.1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.1.3.2.4.1.2.13.51.87.97.114.101.95.49.95.80.111.114.116.49.1,.1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.1.3.2.4.1.2.13.51.87.97.114.101.95.49.95.80.111.114.116.50.1,.1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.1.3.2.4.1.2.13.51.87.97.114.101.95.49.95.80.111.114.116.51.1,.1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.1.3.2.4.1.2.13.51.87.97.114.101.95.49.95.80.111.114.116.52.1,.1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.1.3.2.4.1.2.13.51.87.97.114.101.95.49.95.80.111.114.116.53.1,.1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.1.3.2.4.1.2.13.51.87.97.114.101.95.49.95.80.111.114.116.54.1,.1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.1.3.2.4.1.2.13.51.87.97.114.101.95.49.95.80.111.114.116.55.1!NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB!45,45,45,45,45,45,2,2!50,50,50,50,50,50,4,4!'Port Temperatures'!'C','C','C','C','C','C','C','C'
}

Nagiosgrapher

in our config the Nagios Service is called “3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP”, so we put a config for nagiosgrapher into /etc/nagiosgrapher/ngraph.d called check_temp_3ware_smart_9550SX-8LP.ncfg that matches the serivce name and defines the needed RegExp to match the wanted data:

define ngraph{
        graph_legend    Port 0
        graph_legend_eol        none
        graph_perf_regex Port0\.1=([0-9]+)
        graph_units     degree C
        graph_value     Temp1
        hide            no
        rrd_color       ff0000
        rrd_plottype    LINE1
        service_name    ^3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP
}
 
define ngraph{
        graph_legend    Port 1
        graph_legend_eol        LEFT
        graph_perf_regex Port1\.1=([0-9]+)
        graph_units     degree C
        graph_value     temp2
        hide    no
        rrd_color       0000ff
        rrd_plottype    LINE1
        service_name    ^3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP
}
 
define ngraph{
        graph_legend    Port 2
        graph_legend_eol        LEFT
        graph_perf_regex Port2\.1=([0-9]+)
        graph_units     degree C
        graph_value     temp3
        hide    no
        rrd_color       00ffff
        rrd_plottype    LINE1
        service_name    ^3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP
}
 
define ngraph{
        graph_legend    Port 3
        graph_legend_eol        LEFT
        graph_perf_regex Port3\.1=([0-9]+)
        graph_units     degree C
        graph_value     temp4
        hide    no
        rrd_color       00ff00
        rrd_plottype    LINE1
        service_name    ^3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP
}
define ngraph{
        graph_legend    Port 4
        graph_legend_eol        LEFT
        graph_perf_regex Port4\.1=([0-9]+)
        graph_units     degree C
        graph_value     temp5
        hide    no
        rrd_color       45ff00
        rrd_plottype    LINE1
        service_name    ^3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP
}
define ngraph{
        graph_legend    Port 5
        graph_legend_eol        LEFT
        graph_perf_regex Port5\.1=([0-9]+)
        graph_units     degree C
        graph_value     temp6
        hide    no
        rrd_color       00ff33
        rrd_plottype    LINE1
        service_name    ^3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP
}
define ngraph{
        graph_legend    Port 6
        graph_legend_eol        LEFT
        graph_perf_regex Port6\.1=([0-9]+)
        graph_units     degree C
        graph_value     temp7
        hide    no
        rrd_color       DDFFDD
        rrd_plottype    LINE1
        service_name    ^3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP
}
define ngraph{
        graph_legend    Port 7
        graph_legend_eol        LEFT
        graph_perf_regex Port7\.1=([0-9]+)
        graph_units     degree C
        graph_value     temp8
        hide    no
        rrd_color       aaffaa
        rrd_plottype    LINE1
        service_name    ^3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP
}
 
define ngraph{
        print_description       Latest:
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  LAST
        print_source    Temp1
        service_name    ^3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
 
define ngraph{
        print_description       Maximum:
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  MAX
        print_source    Temp1
        service_name    ^3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
 
define ngraph{
        print_description       Average:
        print_eol       left
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  AVERAGE
        print_source    Temp1
        service_name    ^3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
 
define ngraph{
        print_description       Latest:
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  LAST
        print_source    temp2
        service_name    ^3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
 
define ngraph{
        print_description       Maximum:
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  MAX
        print_source    temp2
        service_name    ^3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
 
define ngraph{
        print_description       Average:
        print_eol       left
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  AVERAGE
        print_source    temp2
        service_name    ^3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
 
define ngraph{
        print_description       Latest:
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  LAST
        print_source    temp3
        service_name    ^3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
 
define ngraph{
        print_description       Maximum:
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  MAX
        print_source    temp3
        service_name    ^3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
 
define ngraph{
        print_description       Average:
        print_eol       left
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  AVERAGE
        print_source    temp3
        service_name    ^3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
 
define ngraph{
        print_description       Latest:
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  LAST
        print_source    temp4
        service_name    ^3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
 
define ngraph{
        print_description       Maximum:
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  MAX
        print_source    temp4
        service_name    ^3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
 
define ngraph{
        print_description       Average:
        print_eol       left
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  AVERAGE
        print_source    temp4
        service_name    ^3Ware Temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
 
define ngraph{
        print_description       Latest:
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  LAST
        print_source    temp5
        service_name    ^3Ware temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
 
define ngraph{
        print_description       Maximum:
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  MAX
        print_source    temp5
        service_name    ^3Ware temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
 
define ngraph{
        print_description       Average:
        print_eol       left
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  AVERAGE
        print_source    temp5
        service_name    ^3Ware temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
define ngraph{
        print_description       Latest:
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  LAST
        print_source    temp6
        service_name    ^3Ware temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
 
define ngraph{
        print_description       Maximum:
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  MAX
        print_source    temp6
        service_name    ^3Ware temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
 
define ngraph{
        print_description       Average:
        print_eol       left
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  AVERAGE
        print_source    temp6
        service_name    ^3Ware temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
define ngraph{
        print_description       Latest:
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  LAST
        print_source    temp7
        service_name    ^3Ware temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
 
define ngraph{
        print_description       Maximum:
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  MAX
        print_source    temp7
        service_name    ^3Ware temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
 
define ngraph{
        print_description       Average:
        print_eol       left
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  AVERAGE
        print_source    temp7
        service_name    ^3Ware temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
define ngraph{
        print_description       Latest:
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  LAST
        print_source    temp8
        service_name    ^3Ware temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
 
define ngraph{
        print_description       Maximum:
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  MAX
        print_source    temp8
        service_name    ^3Ware temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}
 
define ngraph{
        print_description       Average:
        print_eol       left
        print_format    %2.2lf
        print_function  AVERAGE
        print_source    temp8
        service_name    ^3Ware temp. 9550SX-8LP
        type    GPRINT
}

BONUS: Short smartctl/3Ware excures

• smartctl that comes with the smartmontools package is able to read the S.M.A.R.T. values from HDDs on a 3Ware Controller
• it needs the 3Ware Port that should by queried for data and the 3ware blockdevice, on the newer controller series of 3Ware they are /dev/twaX, where X is the controller number and is starting at 0. So the first controller ist /dev/twa0 the second /dev/twa1 and so on.
• older 3Ware controllers are using /dev/twe instead, just have a look and maybe modify the SNMP extend section to get the info from the correct controller/devive
• Output on one of our System:

  # smartctl -a -d 3ware,0 /dev/twa0
  smartctl version 5.37 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-6 Bruce Allen
  Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/
   
  === START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
  Model Family:     Western Digital Caviar RE Serial ATA series
  Device Model:     WDC WD4000YS-01MPB1
  Serial Number:    WD-WCANU1569566
  Firmware Version: 09.02E09
  User Capacity:    400.088.457.216 bytes
  Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
  ATA Version is:   7
  ATA Standard is:  Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated
  Local Time is:    Fri Jul 10 10:53:57 2009 CEST
  SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
  SMART support is: Enabled
   
  === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
  SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
   
  General SMART Values:
  Offline data collection status:  (0x84) Offline data collection activity
                                          was suspended by an interrupting command from host.
                                          Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
  Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                          without error or no self-test has ever
                                          been run.
  Total time to complete Offline
  data collection:                 (11880) seconds.
  Offline data collection
  capabilities:                    (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                          Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                                          Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                          command.
                                          Offline surface scan supported.
                                          Self-test supported.
                                          Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                          Selective Self-test supported.
  SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                          power-saving mode.
                                          Supports SMART auto save timer.
  Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                          General Purpose Logging supported.
  Short self-test routine
  recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
  Extended self-test routine
  recommended polling time:        ( 149) minutes.
  Conveyance self-test routine
  recommended polling time:        (   6) minutes.
   
  SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
  Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
  ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
    1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
    3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   218   218   021    Pre-fail  Always       -       6100
    4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       19
    5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   200   200   140    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
    7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
    9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   085   085   000    Old_age   Always       -       11445
   10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   253   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
   11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0012   100   253   051    Old_age   Always       -       0
   12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       18
  194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   114   113   000    Old_age   Always       -       38
  196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
  197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
  198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0010   200   200   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
  199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
  200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x0009   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Offline      -       0
   
  SMART Error Log Version: 1
  No Errors Logged
   
  SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
  Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
  # 1  Short captive       Interrupted (host reset)      90%      4274         -
  # 2  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      4122         -
  # 3  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      3954         -
  # 4  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      3786         -
  # 5  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      3618         -
  # 6  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      3451         -
  # 7  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      3283         -
  # 8  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      3115         -
  # 9  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      2947         -
  #10  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      2779         -
  #11  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      2611         -
  #12  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      2443         -
  #13  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      2275         -
  #14  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      2107         -
  #15  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      1940         -
  #16  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      1772         -
  #17  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      1604         -
  #18  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      1436         -
  #19  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      1268         -
  #20  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      1101         -
  #21  Short offline       Completed without error       00%       933         -
   
  SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
   SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
      1        0        0  Not_testing
      2        0        0  Not_testing
      3        0        0  Not_testing
      4        0        0  Not_testing
      5        0        0  Not_testing
  Selective self-test flags (0x0):
    After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
  If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

Professional Linux, Nagios and Monitoring support

xkeymap.keycode.108 = 0x138 # Alt_R
xkeymap.keycode.106 = 0x135 # KP_Divide
xkeymap.keycode.104 = 0x11c # KP_Enter
xkeymap.keycode.111 = 0x148 # Up
xkeymap.keycode.116 = 0x150 # Down
xkeymap.keycode.113 = 0x14b # Left
xkeymap.keycode.114 = 0x14d # Right
xkeymap.keycode.105 = 0x11d # Control_R
xkeymap.keycode.118 = 0x152 # Insert
xkeymap.keycode.119 = 0x153 # Delete
xkeymap.keycode.110 = 0x147 # Home
xkeymap.keycode.115 = 0x14f # End
xkeymap.keycode.112 = 0x149 # Prior
xkeymap.keycode.117 = 0x151 # Next
xkeymap.keycode.78 = 0x46 # Scroll_Lock
xkeymap.keycode.127 = 0x100 # Pause
xkeymap.keycode.133 = 0x15b # Meta_L
xkeymap.keycode.134 = 0x15c # Meta_R
xkeymap.keycode.135 = 0x15d # Menu

Restart the guest virtual machine and the keymapping works as it should.
The solution was found in the mentioned reference.

Reference:

• VMWare Forum – Thread 175165

Professional VMWare and Linuxe support

• Within your VMWare Infrastructure Client or WebGUI do a “Install VMWare Tools”
• VMWare will provide a ISO Image with the VMWare Tools to the Virtual Machine
• SSH to the Ubuntu Server you want the VMWare Tools be installed
• OPTIONAL but prefered:

  sudo su -
  aptitude update
  aptitude full-upgrade

• do the following steps as root or prefix a sudo:

  aptitude install build-essential linux-headers-`uname -r`
  mount /dev/cdrom
  cd /media/cdrom0/
  cp VMwareTools-2.0.0-122956.tar.gz /usr/src/
  cd /usr/src/
  tar xfzv VMwareTools-2.0.0-122956.tar.gz
  cd vmware-tools-distrib/
  ./vmware-install.pl
  # answer the question via defaults
  init 6

Professional VMware and Linux support

Prepare the switch for SNMP requests from a SNMP polling host (here 192.168.200.200) :

access-list 60 permit 192.168.200.200
snmp-server community yoursnmpcommunitystring RO 60
snmp-server location "near the backbone"
snmp-server contact "admin@myswitch.de"

Play around with SNMP

First install snmp and get the CISCO-MIBS and install them on your system (optional).

aptitude install snmp
cd /tmp/
wget ftp://ftp.cisco.com/pub/mibs/v2/v2.tar.gz

Extract the needed MIBS from the v2.tar.gz, e.g. CISCO-ENVMON-MIB.my to /usr/share/snmp/mibs/CISCO-ENVMON-MIB.my. Maybe you’ve to have a look in the files dependencies.

Get some Status information from the ENVMON mib:

snmpwalk -m CISCO-ENVMON-MIB -v2c -OS -c  yoursnmpcommunitystring switch-fqdn .1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.13
CISCO-ENVMON-MIB::ciscoEnvMonPresent.0 = INTEGER: 100
CISCO-ENVMON-MIB::ciscoEnvMonFanStatusDescr.1004 = STRING: Switch#1, Fan#1, Status is Normal
CISCO-ENVMON-MIB::ciscoEnvMonFanState.1004 = INTEGER: normal(1)
CISCO-ENVMON-MIB::ciscoEnvMonSupplyStatusDescr.1003 = STRING: Switch#1, PowerSupply#1, Status is Normal, RPS Not Present
CISCO-ENVMON-MIB::ciscoEnvMonSupplyState.1003 = INTEGER: normal(1)
CISCO-ENVMON-MIB::ciscoEnvMonSupplySource.1003 = INTEGER: ac(2)
CISCO-ENVMON-MIB::ciscoEnvMonEnableShutdownNotification.0 = INTEGER: false(2)
CISCO-ENVMON-MIB::ciscoEnvMonEnableTemperatureNotification.0 = INTEGER: false(2)
CISCO-ENVMON-MIB::ciscoEnvMonEnableFanNotification.0 = INTEGER: false(2)
CISCO-ENVMON-MIB::ciscoEnvMonEnableRedundantSupplyNotification.0 = INTEGER: false(2)
CISCO-ENVMON-MIB::ciscoEnvMonEnableStatChangeNotif.0 = INTEGER: false(2)

.. as you can see you can get health information like PowerSupply and FanStatus informations. We can use these SNMP values in Nagios to monitor the PSU and Fan status.

You can find further informations about the CISCO Enterprise SNMP tree here.

Looking around in the tree, you will find many information that you want to monitor.

Professional Linux, Network and Monitoring support

1. Selektion-Sort

weitere Bezeichnungen

• Selection-Sort
• Sortieren durch (direktes) Auswählen

Prinzip

• man sucht den kleinsten Wert
• diesen tauscht man mit dem ersten Element
• man sucht den nächsten kleinsten Wert und setzt ihn an die zweite Stelle
• dies macht man solange bis das komplette Feld (Array) sortiert ist
• Es ist eines der einfachsten, aber auch langsamsten Sortierverfahren

Struktogramm

Quellcode

{Beispielwerte}
CONST min=0;
max=1000;
{Ende Bespielwerte}
TYPE TFeld=Array[min..max] of Real; {}
 
Procedure Selection_Sort(var feld : TFeld; min, max : integer);
var     i,j : integer;
       a   : real; {}
Begin
 For i:=min to max-1 do
 Begin
  a:=feld[i];
  For j:=i+1 to max do
   Begin
   if feld[j] < a then
   Begin
    a:=feld[j];
    feld[j]:=feld[i];
    feld[i]:=a;
   end;
  end;
 end;
end;

Insertion-Sort

weitere Bezeichnungen

• Sortieren durch (direketes) Einfügen

Prinzip

• man betrachtet ein Element nach dem anderen und sucht die richtige Stelle und fügt dieses Element ein
• das Einfügen wird realisiert indem die größeren Elemente eins nach hinten verschoben werden und das Element an dieser nun freien Stelle eingefügt wird

Variante 1

Quellcode

Beispielwerte}
CONST min=0;
max=1000;
{Ende Bespielwerte}
TYPE TFeld=Array[min..max] of Real; {}
 
Procedure Insertion_Sort(var feld : TFeld; min, max : Integer);
VAR Hilfe : Real; {}
i,j,k : Integer;
Begin
  For i:=min to max-1 do
  Begin
    For j:=i+1 to max do
    Begin
      if feld[i] > feld[j] then
      Begin
        hilfe:=feld[j];
        For k:=j-1 downto i do
        Begin
          feld[k+1]:=feld[k];
        end;
        feld[i]:=hilfe;
      end;
    end;
  End;
End;

Variante 2

Struktogramm

Quellcode

{Beispielwerte}
CONST min=0;
max=1000;
{Ende Bespielwerte}
TYPE TFeld=Array[min..max] of Real; {}
 
procedure Insertion_Sort_2(var Feld : TFeld; min, max : Integer);
var i,j : Integer;
hilfe : Real; {}
Begin
  For i:=min+1 to max do
  Begin
    hilfe:=Feld[i];
    j:=i;
    While Feld[j-1]>hilfe do
    Begin
      Feld[j]:=Feld[j-1];
      j:=j-1;
    End;
    Feld[j]:=hilfe;
  End;
end;

Merge-Sort

weitere Bezeichnungen

• Misch-Sort
• Mischsortierung

Prinzip

• man erstellt zwei sortierte Teilmengen (von min bis mitte und von mitte+1 bis max)
• dieses zwei Teilmengen werden dann gemischt, somit entsteht ein komplett sortiertes Feld
• dieses Verfahren ist programmiertechnisch etwas komplexer als die oben genannten trivialen Sortier-Modelle. Es ist aber wesentlich schneller
• Der Zeitaufwand für N Elemente steigt mit N*log(N)
• Verwirklichung der Sortierung durch Rekursion (die zwei Teilmengen werden durch die Rekursion wieder in Teilmengen zerlegt, dies geschieht solange bis nur noch zwei Elemente verglichen werden, danach “läuft” die Rekursion wieder rückwärts)

Struktogramm

Quellcode

{Beispielwerte}
CONST min=0;
max=1000;
{Ende Bespielwerte}
TYPE TFeld=Array[min..max] of Real; {}
 
procedure Mischen(var feld : TFeld; unten, mitte, oben : integer);
var dummy : TFeld;
j,i,k,s,ir,l : Integer;
Begin
  j:=mitte+1;
   i:=unten;
   k:=unten;
   While (i<=mitte) and (j<=oben) do
   Begin
     if (feld[i] <= feld[j]) then
     Begin
       dummy[k]:=feld[i];
       i:=i+1;
     end
     else
     Begin
       dummy[k]:=feld[j];
       j:=j+1;
     end;
     k:=k+1
   end;
   if i>mitte then
     For s:=j to oben do
       dummy[k+s-j]:=feld[s]
   else
     For ir:=i to mitte do
       dummy[k+ir-i]:=feld[ir];
   For l:=unten to oben do feld[l]:=dummy[l];
end;
 
procedure Misch_Sort(var feld:TFeld;unten,oben:integer);
var Mitte : Integer;
Begin
  if unten < oben then
  Begin
     Mitte:=(unten+oben) div 2;
     Misch_Sort(feld,unten,mitte);
     Misch_Sort(feld,(mitte+1),oben);
     Mischen(feld,unten,mitte,oben);
   end;
end;

(Archiviert aus unseren alten Tipps und Tricks Sektion)

(Archiviert aus unseren alten Tipps und Tricks Sektion.)

Voraussetzung

1. Es gibt ein Register, das auf eine Speicherstelle zeigt, die sich im sogenannten Stack befindet, es wird unter x86 mit esp bezeichnet.
2. Der Stack in ein Stück Speicher, das sich im Speicherraum eines Prozesses befindet und dient zum Sichern von Werten, zur Wertübergabe an Unterprogramme und zum Anlegen von lokalen Variablen.
3. Es gibt zwei Befehle, mit denen ein Operant auf dem Stack gesichert bzw. vom Stack geholt werden kann: push und pop.
4. Jedes push/pop verändert den Stackzeiger (den Inhalt von esp).
5. Auf x86 wächst der Stack von den hohen Adressen zu niedrigen Adressen auf den Heap zu.
6. Mit den Befehlen push und pop kann nur nach dem “First In – Last Out”-Prinzip auf Werte im Stack zugriffen werden.
7. Da esp eine Adresse auf dem Stack beinhaltet, kann aber per Zeigerarithmetik auch beliebig auf den Stack zugegriffen werden.

1. Parameter auf Stack pushen

Der letzte Parameter wird zu erst auf den Stack geschafft, die Parameter werden also von rechts nach links gesichert (gepusht) und können daher im Unterprogramm wieder von links nach rechts gelesen (pop) werden.

2. call zum Unterprogramm

Wie immer, zeigt der Befehlszeiger auf den Speicherplatz mit dem n&äuml;chsten Befehl im Hauptprogramm, dieser Wert des Befehlszeigers wird automatisch vom Befehl call auf den Stack gepusht.

3. Stack-Frame aufbauen und Unterprogramm-Befehle ausfuehren

1. Wert des ebp-Registers (allgemeines Register) auf Stack sichern (pushen)
2. Aktuelles esp-Register (Stackzeiger) in ebp sichern (per mov)

4. Verwendung des Stack-Frames

Falls lokale Variablen angelegt werden, wird das Stack-Register (esp) um die Grösse der gesamten lokalen Variablen erniedrigt (subtrahiert) (Stack wächst auf x86 von oben nach unten auf den Heap zu). Der Stackzeiger verweisst nun auf eine Speicheradresse, die völlig ungenutzt ist, damit nachfolgende Unterprogramm-Rufe im aktuellen Unterprogramm die aktuellen lokalen Variablen nicht verfälschen.

Der Zwischenraum auf Stack (ebp – esp) wird für lokale Variablen verwendet und die Parameter werden auf den Stack gepusht (der Stack-Zeiger verändert sich).

5. Stack-Frame-Abbau und Verlassen des Unterprogramms

1. Beim Verlassen werden alle Stack-Veraenderungen rueckgaengig gemacht, was bedeutet, dass der Stackzeiger (esp) auf den Zustand vor dem Call zurückgesetzt (mit leave) wird. Das heisst: Beim Verlassen, wird der Befehlszeiger (ip) mit dem Wert geladen, auf den der Stackzeiger beim UP-Aufruf zeigte.
2. Das Register ebp wird wieder mit dem Wert vor dem Sichern der Stack-Adresse auf ebp gefuellt (mit ret).

6. Der Rückgabewert eines Unterprogramms

Der Rückgabewert einer Funktion wird im allgemeinen Register eax an das Hauptprogramm zurueckgegeben.

7. Zusammenfassung

Beim Eintritt in das Unterprogramm zeigt der Stackpointer auf die Rücksprungadresse, das ist der nächste Befehl im Hauptprogramm und vor dem aktuellen Stackwert liegen die Parameter; im Unterprogramm kann der Stack veraendert werden, wird beim Verlassen aber wieder zurueckgesetzt

Beispiel

void foo()
{
int i = 99;
}
 
void bar(int i)
{
int j = i;
}
 
int add(int i, int j)
{
return i+j;
}
 
int main()
{
int i = 99;
foo();
bar(i);
i = add(1, 3);
}

Umsetzung in GNU(-x86)-Assember (AT&T-Notation, d.h.: Befehl Quelle Ziel):
(Assembercode erzeugt mit gcc -S stack.c)

foo:
 
pushl %ebp
movl %esp,%ebp
leave
ret
 
bar:
 
pushl %ebp
movl %esp,%ebp
subl $24,%esp
movl 8(%ebp),%eax
movl %eax,-4(%ebp)
leave
ret
 
add:
 
pushl %ebp
movl %esp,%ebp
movl 8(%ebp),%eax
movl 12(%ebp),%ecx
leal (%ecx,%eax),%edx
movl %edx,%eax
leave
ret
 
main:
 
pushl %ebp
movl %esp,%ebp
subl $24,%esp
movl $99,-4(%ebp)
call foo
addl $-12,%esp
movl -4(%ebp),%eax
pushl %eax
call bar
addl $16,%esp
addl $-8,%esp
pushl $3
pushl $1
call add
addl $16,%esp
movl %eax,%eax
movl %eax,-4(%ebp)
leave
ret

Copyrigth Dipl. Inf. (FH) Frank Grimm

(Archiviert aus unseren alten Tipps und Tricks Sektion.)

• PowerPoint Präsentation (zip)
• Präsentation s/w (pdf)
• Präsentation farbig (pdf)

(Archiviert aus unseren alten Tipps und Tricks Sektion.)