What is great Indian bustard?

Introduction:

Habitat area of the Great Indian Bustard.

Great Indian Bustard is found in the dry and humid grasslands of India and Pakistan.

It is seen in state of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and possibly Madhya Pradesh.

Its largest population is in Rajasthan. It is found in the desert garden of Jaisalmer, Sorsan and Shokaliya area of Ajmer.

Conservation status:

International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List: Critically Endangered.

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS).

Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

Desert national park: –

The National Desert Park which is made for the conservation of Great Indian Bustard, this desert is spread over an area of 3162 square kilometers. It includes 53 villages of Barmer and 35 villages of Jaisalmer. In terms of area, it is the largest sanctuary of Rajasthan. The largest number of Great Indian Bustard birds in Rajasthan are found in this park. this sanctuary area is called the refuge of Great Indian Bustard.

MADHY PRADESH: –

Karera Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It was established in the year 1981 for the conservation of Great Indian Bustard.

Conservation measures for the Great Indian Bustard.

The Rajasthan government started a project. This project was started on Environment Day in 2013. It is called Project Great Indian Bustard on 5 June 2013. The advertisement of the project was Meri Udaan Na Roko. An attempt was made to reduce human pressure on their habitats. Its purpose was to develop infrastructure for their conservation.

It is among the 17 species selected under the Species Recovery Programme being carried out under Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats of the Government of India.

MOEFCC has launched a program called Indian Habitat Improvement and Conservation Breeding of Great Indian Bustard An Integrated Approach. The aim of this programme is to increase the population of Great Indian Bustard by releasing their babies in the wild

In April 2021, the Supreme Court constituted a committee to conserve the Great Indian Bustard in Gujarat and Rajasthan.

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UPSC EXAM PATTERN -HOW TO PREPARATION MAINS

UPSC MAINS PATTERN

The main exam is divided into 9 question papers out of which two papers are of qualifying nature. Marks obtained in the remaining 7 question papers and interview test are considered for final merit.

UPSC EXAM PATTERN -HOW TO PREPARATION MAINS

Question Paper-1

Essay

The candidate will have to write an essay on a specific topic. Choice of subjects will be given. They are expected to organize their ideas and write briefly, keeping them close to the topic of the essay. Credit will be given for effective and accurate expressions.

Note: The essay question paper is mainly divided into two parts (concrete and abstract form). A total of two essays (125 marks each) has to be written, choosing one option each from the 4 options given in each part. The word limit prescribed for each essay is approximately 1000-1200.

UPSC EXAM PATTERN -HOW TO PREPARATION MAINS

Question paper 2 (General studies I)

(Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society)

• Indian Culture – Salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
• Modern Indian History from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues.
• The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of the country.
• Post-independence Consolidation and Reorganization within the country.
• History of the World will include events from 18th century such as Industrial Revolution, world wars, Redrawal of National Boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc. their forms and effect on the society.
• Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
• Role of Women and Women’s Organization, Population and Associated Issues, Poverty and Developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
• Effects of Globalization on Indian society.
• Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism & Secularism.
• Salient features of World’s Physical Geography.
• Distribution of Key Natural Resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India).
• Important Geophysical Phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc. geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including waterbodies and icecaps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.

upscdiscussions

Question paper 3(General studies II)

(Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations)

• Indian Constitution—Historical Underpinnings, Evolution, Features, Amendments, Significant Provisions and Basic Structure.
• Functions and Responsibilities of the Union and the States, Issues and Challenges Pertaining to the Federal Structure, Devolution of Powers and Finances up to Local Levels and Challenges Therein.
• Separation of Powers between various organs Dispute Redressal Mechanisms and Institutions.
• Comparison of the Indian Constitutional Scheme with that of Other Countries.
• Parliament and State Legislatures—Structure, Functioning, Conduct of Business, Powers & Privileges and Issues Arising out of these.
• Structure, Organization and Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government; Pressure Groups and Formal/Informal Associations and their Role in the Polity.
• Salient Features of the Representation of People’s Act.
• Appointment to various Constitutional Posts, Powers, Functions and Responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.
• Statutory, Regulatory and various Quasi-judicial Bodies.
• Government Policies and Interventions for Development in various sectors and Issues arising out of their Design and Implementation.
• Development Processes and the Development Industry — the Role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.
• Welfare Schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these Schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
• Issues Relating to Development and Management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
• Issues relating to Poverty and Hunger.
• Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency and Accountability, E-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; Citizens Charters, Transparency & Accountability and institutional and other measures.
• Role of Civil Services in a Democracy.
• India and its Neighborhood- Relations.
• Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
• Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India’s interests, Indian Diaspora.
• Important International Institutions, agencies and fora – their Structure, Mandate.

upscdiscussions

Question paper 4 (General Studies-III)

(Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management)

• Indian Economy and issues relating to Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development and Employment.
• Inclusive Growth and issues arising from it.
• Government Budgeting.
• Major Crops – Cropping Patterns in various parts of the country, – Different Types of Irrigation and Irrigation Systems; Storage, Transport and Marketing of Agricultural Produce and Issues and Related Constraints; E-technology in the aid of farmers.
• Issues related to Direct and Indirect Farm Subsidies and Minimum Support Prices; Public Distribution System – Objectives, Functioning, Limitations, Revamping; Issues of Buffer Stocks and Food Security; Technology Missions; Economics of Animal-Rearing.
• Food Processing and Related Industries in India- Scope’ and Significance, Location, Upstream and Downstream Requirements, Supply Chain Management.
• Land Reforms in India.
• Effects of Liberalization on the Economy, Changes in Industrial Policy and their Effects on Industrial Growth.
• Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
• Investment Models.
• Science and Technology- Developments and their Applications and Effects in Everyday Life.
• Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology; Indigenization of Technology and Developing New Technology.
• Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, Robotics, Nano-technology, Bio-technology and issues relating to Intellectual Property Rights.
• Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment.
• Disaster and Disaster Management.
• Linkages between Development and Spread of Extremism.
• Role of External State and Non-state Actors in creating challenges to Internal Security.
• Challenges to Internal Security through Communication Networks, Role of Media and Social Networking Sites in Internal Security Challenges, Basics of Cyber Security; Money-Laundering and its prevention.
• Security Challenges and their Management in Border Areas – Linkages of Organized Crime with Terrorism.
• Various Security Forces and Agencies and their Mandate.

upscdiscussions

Question paper 5(General Studies-IV)

Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude

This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these aspects. The following broad areas will be covered:

• Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, Determinants and Consequences of Ethics in – Human Actions; Dimensions of Ethics; Ethics – in Private and Public Relationships. Human Values – Lessons from the Lives and Teachings of Great Leaders, Reformers and Administrators; Role of Family Society and Educational Institutions in Inculcating Values.
• Attitude: Content, Structure, Function; its Influence and Relation with Thought and Behaviour; Moral and Political Attitudes; Social Influence and Persuasion.
• Aptitude and Foundational Values for Civil Service, Integrity, Impartiality and Non-partisanship, Objectivity, Dedication to Public Service, Empathy, Tolerance and Compassion towards the weaker-sections.
• Emotional Intelligence-Concepts, and their Utilities and Application in Administration and Governance.
• Contributions of Moral Thinkers and Philosophers from India and World.
• Public/Civil Service Values and Ethics in Public Administration: Status and Problems; Ethical Concerns and Dilemmas in Government and Private Institutions; Laws, Rules, Regulations and Conscience as Sources of Ethical Guidance; Accountability and Ethical Governance; Strengthening of Ethical and Moral Values in Governance; Ethical Issues in International Relations and Funding; Corporate Governance.
• Probity in Governance: Concept of Public Service; Philosophical Basis of Governance and Probity; Information Sharing and Transparency in Government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work Culture, Quality of Service Delivery, Utilization of Public Funds, Challenges of Corruption.
• Case Studies on above issues.

UPSC EXAM PATTERN -HOW TO PREPARATION MAINS

UPSC EXAM PATTERN -HOW TO PREPARATION MAINS

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UPSC CIVIL SERVICES EXAM PATTERN -PRELIMS

The Civil Services Preliminary Examination conducted by the Union Public Service Commission will have two objective type question papers. The first question paper is of General Studies. Each question is of two marks and there are a total of 100 questions.

While the second question paper is of (Civil Services Aptitude Test) or CSAT which is a qualifying paper consisting of 80 questions of 2.5, 2.5 marks each.

The Civil Services Preliminary Examination Total marks 400 (where GS paper 2 is qualifying in nature with minimum qualifying marks fixed at 33%) Negative marking.    1/3 of the total marks allotted to the question will be deducted for every wrong answer Time ALLOTTED.  Two hours each.

UPSC PRELIMS SYLLABUS

1. General studies

The Civil Services Preliminary Examination General studies (GS)is the First paper of the UPSC prelim exam.

The Civil Services Preliminary Examination It carries 200 marks and comprise topics related to

Indian polity, Geography, History, Indian Economy, Science and Technology, Environment and Ecology and International Relationship, Current events of national and international importance.

2.CSAT

The Civil Services Preliminary Examination CSAT is the second paper of the UPSC prelims exam it carries 200 marks and comprise topics related to

• Comprehension
• Interpersonal skills including communication skills
• Logical reasoning and analytical ability
• Decision -Making and problem solving
• General mental ability
• Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude, etc.) (Class X level), Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency, etc. Class X level)

How to prepare the Civil Services Preliminary Examination.

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