ActiveSupport::CoreExtensions::Date::Conversions::DATE_FORMATS.merge!({
  :quick => "%m %d, %Y at %I:%M %p",
  :end_date => "%B %d, %Y"
})
 
ActiveSupport::CoreExtensions::Time::Conversions::DATE_FORMATS.merge!({
  :job_list => "%B %d, %Y"
})

This lets you do something like <%= model.created_at.to_s(:quick) %> in your code.

And here’s the strftime options from the cheat page as a refresher:

  %a - The abbreviated weekday name (``Sun'')
  %A - The  full  weekday  name (``Sunday'')
  %b - The abbreviated month name (``Jan'')
  %B - The  full  month  name (``January'')
  %c - The preferred local date and time representation
  %d - Day of the month (01..31)
  %e - Day of the month without leading zeroes (1..31)
  %H - Hour of the day, 24-hour clock (00..23)
  %I - Hour of the day, 12-hour clock (01..12)
  %j - Day of the year (001..366)
  %k - Hour of the day, 24-hour clock w/o leading zeroes ( 0..23)
  %l - Hour of the day, 12-hour clock w/o leading zeroes ( 1..12)
  %m - Month of the year (01..12)
  %M - Minute of the hour (00..59)
  %p - Meridian indicator (``AM''  or  ``PM'')
  %P - Meridian indicator (``am''  or  ``pm'')
  %S - Second of the minute (00..60)
  %U - Week  number  of the current year,
          starting with the first Sunday as the first
          day of the first week (00..53)
  %W - Week  number  of the current year,
          starting with the first Monday as the first
          day of the first week (00..53)
  %w - Day of the week (Sunday is 0, 0..6)
  %x - Preferred representation for the date alone, no time
  %X - Preferred representation for the time alone, no date
  %y - Year without a century (00..99)
  %Y - Year with century
  %Z - Time zone name
  %z - Time zone expressed as a UTC offset (``-04:00'')
  %% - Literal ``%'' character
 
   t = Time.now
   t.strftime("Printed on %m/%d/%Y")   #=> "Printed on 04/09/2003"
   t.strftime("at %I:%M%p")            #=> "at 08:56AM"
   t.strftime("%e %B, %Y")	       #=> "9 April, 2003"
   t.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S")     #=> "2003-04-09T08:56:07" (EN 28601)

The preferred method for doing this is to add these in an initializer in your app. Something along the lines of config/initializers/my_time_formats.rb.

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Just to underscore the point that you do have a choice: a study of junior doctors doing the same job, the same week, on identical wards found that some individuals walked four times farther than others at work each day. (No one in the study was overweight; but the “long-distance” doctors were thinner than the “short-distance” doctors.)

So part of the problem with sitting a lot is that you don’t use as much energy as those who spend more time on their feet. This makes it easier to gain weight, and makes you more prone to the health problems that fatness often brings.

Obviously it’s not the best idea to take medical advice from an opinion writer but I can personally attest to the benefits of sitting on an exercise ball throughout the day for work. In addition to building core muscles, for some reason it helps me focus more on coding.

Here are a couple of quick tips on choosing an exercise ball:

• If you plan on working out with one, get a high quality one so you don’t have to fear having it burst. Duraball and TOGU Powerball Premium are high quality ones for that. The Chek Institute has a good DVD for a home workout as well.
• If you plan on sitting one one while working, get one that’s the next size up from the recommended size for your height.

Link

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Concentrate is a Mac only app. It lets you do a number of things like block web sites, launch apps, play sounds, etc. Combinations of these things can be configured to go on for varying amounts of time. I use it for the Pomodoro Technique when programming. Corey Haines introduced me to Tomatoist when I paired with him during one of his journeyman tours. While that site is awesome, I prefer using the Mac app to force eliminate distractions.

The Pomodoro Technique

The root of the idea is that you program for 25 minutes straight and then break for 5 minutes. This seems like a pretty simple idea but when you’re working by yourself things can happen. For example, maybe you want to send a quick email to someone but want to refer to something in their Facebook account you can’t quite remember. So then you look it up. While looking it up you notice something else interesting by another one of your friends and the distractions start. By the end of the distractions you’ve ordered enough parts for a fully functional robot suit off eBay. If you only had 5 minutes to do this stuff, maybe that wouldn’t have happened.

Setting Up Concentrate

Concentrate is actually a very simple application to use. Click on the “New Activity Button” and set your options. I called mine "Program Pomodoro." It’s set to block any site that could potentially distract me, Growl a message, and play a sound on completion. The typical Pomodoro technique lasts 25 minutes so drag the location slider over until you see 25 minutes. Boom, good to go. Now you can’t look at anyone’s Facebook account or respond to any threads on hacker news for a good 25 minutes. You’ll get to that during your break.

The next task you’ll want to set up is the break. This is the most rewarding task. I just have this one Growl a message ("Get back to work!") and play a sound when it’s done. The duration slider should be set to 5 minutes.

Get To It!

That’s about it. It’s simple software and well worth the $30 to eliminate distractions. I use it only for those two techniques listed above and have been very happy. Special thanks to Corey Haines for introducing me to the Pomodoro technique.

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The ability to have extensions is what really makes Chrome shine. It’s fast and nimble in OS X and I was able to recreate nearly everything I did in Firefox via extensions. The down side is that extensions don’t work on the latest stable build of Chrome. To use extensions you’ll need to get a beta or dev channel. In order to do that you can go here.

Eye Dropper
The Eye Dropper lets you click your mouse on an element to get the color of it in HSB, RGB, or Hex. This differs slightly from the Firefox extension in that there is a pop-up involved and you have to do one more click to get the dorrect color.

Firebug Lite
Firebug Lite is a not-as-fully-featured version of the very popular firebug extension. It’s fine for doing basic inspection of elements, though, and the built in console takes care of script running needs for basic experimentation.

FlashBlock
While Flash may be fine on PCs it makes the fan on my laptop spin like crazy. This is the equivalent of the FireFox extension and lets you whitelist sites as well. Browsing the web without flash is really a much more pleasant experience the majority of the time and the Flash files are only a click away if you want to load them.

MeasureIt!
MeasureIt! is a port of the same FireFox extension. It gives you a ruler that lets you draw a box around a portion of a page to get its width and height in pixels. It comes in pretty handy.

Sexy Undo Close Tab
This extension lets you re-open recently closed tabs. There’s another version called “Undo Closed Tab” but this one is obviously the sexier of the two which is why I use it. I mean, given the choice between sexy and non-sexy I think it’s a no-brainer.

Tab Menu
Tab Menu is a simple extension that gives you a drop down list of all currently open tabs. This is useful if you have a lot of tabs open and can’t see the titles. On one hand I wonder why this wasn’t included in the browser by default in some form. On the other hand I can completely understand their desire to not clutter the browser and I don’t imagine that the vast majority of people have that many tabs open.

RSS Subscription Extension
The RSS Subscription Extension automagically recognizes the RSS auto discovery links and pops open a new tab to subscribe. I included this for developers because you’ll want to make sure those RSS auto discovery tags are working. You could also make sure that it correctly subscribe in Google Reader and maybe take a few minutes off while you’re at it to read some feeds. Just saying.

SeoQuake
SeoQuake is also a port of the Firefox extension. It allows you to see a ton of info about a site including Google PageRank, Index, Delicious index, and more. I keep this disabled most of the time unless I really need it or want to see some information about a site.

Bonus Extensions

Chromelicious
Chromelicious is the best Chrome extension I’ve found for Delicioius integration. The reason is that view your bookmarks in an unobtrusive way from a dropdown menu and actually search your bookmarks and filter down via tabs. It’s prety handy..

GooglePreview
The Google Preview extension inserts thumbnail images of Google searches in your search results. This is totally gratuitous for any real work but it makes search results look cleaner.

AdBlock
This is the equivalent of AdBlock Plus for FireFox. It’s not necessarily for development but it is much more pleasant to browse the web with.

Better Facebook Fixer
Facebook Fixer is actually a user script packaged up as an extension. You can do this at the Script2Chrome web site if you have any you want to convert. This extension makes the Facebook experience a bit more pleasant with options like hiding information from the right column, hiding 3rd party apps, and much more. This is a version of the Facebook Fixer extension with the javascript loaded locally instead of another server.

Mouse Gestures

Something I didn’t really touch on was mouse gestures. I use them heavily. For that I use a program called xGestures which will work in any application on OS X. I find that to also be an indespensable tool. As a bonus it supports rocker gestures. I use that to go to next and previous tabs in all applications. A rocker gesture means you hold down the right mouse button and click the left. If you bind this to the keystroke command + { as a global gesture it works in almost every app in Leopard. The other bracket (command + }) works as well. This is not a free program but it is well worth the price of admission!

Wrapping up, Chrome has come a long way, especially on the Mac. The developer version, for me at least, has been extremely stable and works well enough to be my daily browser. Check it out if you haven’t yet.

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Day 1 of BizConf was phenomenal and I’m going to try and keep up the live blogging for day 2. I missed the lightning talks last night but heard great things from everyone who went. I’ve got my camera charged up today so I’ll try and get some pictures of the presenters as well. Fair warning: I’m really not that great of a photographer.

• Roy Singham’s keynote
• Corey Haines: How Agile Will Probably Fail You
• Bruno Miranda: Successfully Managing Local and Remote Teams
• Agile, Rails, and the Cloud
• Legalities

Roy Singham

Keynote

Roy talks quick! I had some trouble keeping up with the wealth of information coming from this talk.

Randomness is a much greater predictor of success than skill. Decoy pricing is probably used a lot by consulting firms. It’s easy to compare a distorted version of something to the non-distorted version than to something else.

Think about your leadership. Write down your top 10 mistakes. Put them in to categories. People mistakes and investing in the wrong person. How you handle yourself in a crisis. When confronted with a huge number of decisions, how do you handle it? Are you confident?

A mistake is something you made in hindsight, not in foresight. The sign of really great leaders is to protect people who have different skills. You have to have people who offset your own weaknesses. Not trusting his gut about a certain person in his organization cost the company a lot of money. Even though he had a gut feeling about this person he forged ahead. Always trust your gut.

There’s no bonuses at Thoughtworks but leaders still focus on money. Even though we would like to believe that sales are driven by supply and demand, we’re closer to ducks. Take the iPhone as an example, and Starbucks coffee. Starbucks is not worth $5/coffee but we’ve been convinced it is. That’s how a lot of consulting companies charge exorbitant amounts.

• Are they good at their job?
• Does their boss recognize it?
• Do they have friends at work?

The average 23 year old expects to have 12 jobs by the time they are 30. That’s almost a job a year.

Roy’s ideas for surviving a recession:

• No matter how smart you think you are, you will still make mistakes.
• Massively increase sales force.
• Double intimacy with customers. Get closer to them. Understand your customer’s customer. If you can understand that, you will create more value for customers.

Take the biggest risk you can possibly think of to create new business strategies. Learn quickly, make it something you can live with. Thoughtworks is engaging five simultaneous new offerings.

A huge limitation of why we fail at software consulting is that people in the software industry aren’t generally aware of how their clients are feeling emotionally.

Think about what you want to be known for when you get older. Make a difference you will be proud of. Success should not be about how big your company is. It should be about how you change peoples lives.

Why Agile Will Probably Fail You

Corey Haines of coreyhaines.com

If you’re not familiar with Corey Haines, he’s a "software journeyman." He travels around and pair programs with people all over the country. I’ve had the opportunity to pair with him for a day and it was quite an experience.

Life rule #1: Any time you get to go to the scientist only section, you say yes.

Why do we write bad code?
This is not the question. No one likes to write bad code. The question becomes the following:

When do we write bad code?
When we’re under pressure and have to get it done. The deadline is coming and you’re only 80% done. There’s only so much time left so we start hacking away. "Get it done"e; vs "Do It Right". There’s a perception that when you have to get it done the only way to do it is to hack away.

Constant Pressure
Here’s an idea: if we have developers feel like they’re under pressure at the end of the project, let’s change the deadlines to every month. It would be great if we could let everyone figure out their own process. When people think of agile this is what they think of. Yet the issue of "Get It Done"e; vs "Do It Right&quot is still an issue. Most young people, in terms of a development perspective, only think about today. Scrum assumes that developers self oganize and are responsible.

Features and Quality
Let’s talk about features. Add a feature to your app. Change a feature in your app. Then time passes. As you work with crap code it takes more time to add features. This brings us to a definition of software quality: having a nominal cost of adding new features. It doesn’t mean there will be no bugs.

Software can be similar to gardening. Gardening isn’t about growing plants. It’s about changing the environment to let it flourish. Add a feature then clean it up. Change a feature then clean it up. Make sure your code base stays clean and boring to add new features.

"If I’m adding a new feature I don’t want excitement"

Why doesn’t everyone do the XP techniques?
We don’t know how. They’re hard to learn. While learning to do TDD a friend of Corey’s took a 70% hit in productivity. So how do you learn to do XP? Most small businesses can’t take that hit in productivity. Work is not practice.

Becoming a better software developer is about practice. How good would a band be if they only practiced while they were on stage? What kind of quality would a play have if the actors were only given the script an hour before the show? Enter the software craftsmanship manifesto.

Practice Techniques

• Code Kata
• Coding Dojo
• Code Retreat
• Acceptance Test-based

In the end I think it boils down to this: developing quality software is about taking pride in your work. The software craftsmanship manifesto gives you guidelines. The practices outlined above get you better at it. Take pride in your work and write quality code.

During this talk Jerry got in to a bit of a debate with Corey on practices. While the debate was lively and interesting, this probably could have waited until his talk was over rather than taking time away from Corey’s talk. There was about 25 minutes worth of content Corey didn’t get to. I’m going to be forced to find out about the rest of the content of this talk over scotch later. The horror. I’ll update this post later.

Successfully Managing Local and Remote Web 2.0 Teams

Bruno Miranda of Hoodiny Entertainment

Cyloop is a music site. The first version of the site was in Java. It couldn’t scale. The CEO of the company decided to switch to Rails and hired Hashrocket. They did the 3-2-1 launch. Hashrocket taught the developers, who were all Java, .Net, and PHP developers, about TDD and Rails. Hashrocket’s time lasted about a month. The app was re-launched in about 3 months total.

Having a local team is important. You have a lot of bandwidth to talk and communicate. It can also be distracting. The team uses headphones a lot to reduce distractions. It’s good to have the stakeholders in the same spot as developers. There’s five people in the Miami office, one in Orlando, and remote developers in Brazil. The team tends to type rather than talk, even in person. Typing tends to keep conversations more succinct.

Why go distributed? Bruno wrote a post on his blog about limiting yourself. The Ruby community is small and there’s not a ton Ruby talent in Miami. They would rather not limit themselves to just local talent, they want the best developers. Do video chats to hire people over-seas. Use other resources to find about people. Look at their GitHub accounts. It’s all about finding the right people and staying transparent.

Working with local and remote teams is about transparency. If you don’t know what someone is doing then how do you know they’re doing anything at all? If you don’t have a lot of throughput to talk to people face to face you wind up getting a lot of phone calls and meeting requests. Skype and AIM are “silo” based and talking one on one is probably going to be beneficial so move it to Campfire. Mac folks, check out Propane so you can get your name growled.

Communication
In another company, Bruno tried daily standups via phone and Skype but you always waste time getting the mic set up. Daily standups are done in camp fire. Standups are a one paragraph conversation with the rest of the screen. There’s a script that calls for the daily stand-up every day in the Campfire room. Don’t let your standup become a book. NewRelic notifications and incidents get automatically posted in to the campfire team room as well. There’s mainly one product with this company and you may want to move individual projects in to their own room.

They don’t pair all the time. They pair over iChat and Skype. Skype has better sound so disable the mic in iChat.

Projects are managed in Pivotal Tracker and meetings are done with the person who makes the decision. The whole local and remote teams are not included because there’s too many people. There’s a lot of streamlining of the communication process in this company. Your company has to be able to accept change to pull this sort of strategy off.

Conclusions
There’s a strong misconception that you can’t manage a local and remote team. It can be done and it can be done successfully, your organization just has to be willing to accept change. It makes business and financial sense and as long as you get the right people you get quality code. Bruno did a great job with this presentation and made some great points.

Agile, Rails, and the Cloud

Ian McFarland of Pivotal Labs

As developers, we build software because it’s cool, fun, exciting, and we love the challenge. Also it beats a lot of other jobs. Companies build software for different reasons. They do it to save money, manage risk, and satisfy business and government requirements. We’re in the middle of a revolution. This revolution in software is about one thing: building better value for businesses for lest money.

Software is expensive. The following are the most expensive with developing software: developers, defects, deployment, maintenance, and change. In the current economy budgets are smaller, the stakes are higher, departments have to do more with less, and failure is more catastrophic.

Agile
Agile is business driven: requirements come from business stakeholders.

The customer:

• The customer is empowered to make decisions and priorities are set by that customer.
• The customer can change priorities on anything unstarted.
• The customer accepts the work in fine-grained increments.
• The customer is intimately aware of progress and projected feedback dates.
• Closing the feedback loop is critical.

TDD and BDD factors in to this. Good tests tell us when we’ve met the customer’s needs, what’s broken, and lets us refactor. TDD helps keeps you focused: you’re not building features if you don’t need them.

A big part of agile is iterative development. These days, iterations are getting shorter. Because the customer is seeing the work on a daily basis, the feedback cycle is short. This keeps the cost of change low by preventing unnecessary work.

Continuous Integration and Continuous Releasability
There is a bit of a misconception about continuous release. Just because you can release continuously doesn’t mean you have to release continuously.

Pair Programming
You have to pair if you want to be as efficient as you possibly can. As long as there’s more than one developer you’re already pairing. Doing it all the time means you get better at it. Pairing is effective because you stay focused. Developers can get distracted. It’s hard to stay focused all day. At Pivotal developers are exhausted at the end of the day their first week on the job. This is because they’re really not used to coding non stop for 8 hours a day.

Pairing helps because you don’t get stuck so you spend more time on the more interesting part of your code. Developers get more well-rounded as they pair. You learn from your pair — design and testing techniques, new development techniques, etc. As a business owner you’re investing a lot in your developers this way. If you’re not pairing you’re throwing that away. New team members can be brought up to speed in an hour when pairing rather than taking a week to figure out their way around. Another benefit to pairing is that you distribute knowledge more. Your bus factor (the number of people who need to get hit by a bus for the project to stop) goes up.

You need to make a productive workspace in a pair environment. Have consistent pairing stations. Pivotal will have breakfast available before the morning stand-up. The reason is that some developers wouldn’t eat breakfast before work and some would. This would result in some developers wanting to stop earlier for lunch than others.

Developer happiness is important to the business. Having a happy developer is important because developer happiness is directly correlated to developer productivity. Productive developers tend to be happier. When you’re doing grunt work as a developer things don’t seem as bad. Happy workers are more focused.

Rails
Rails is powerful. Rails goes very well with agile — it’s practically baked in to the culture. Anecodtally, Pivotal has seen a lot of improvements in efficiency with Rails.

The Cloud
You don’t have to worry about buying hardware anymore. You don’t have to be in the infrastructure business. You can scale on demand if you architect for it. You can stay focused on development. This is a big change in the industry.

The enterprise is not quite cloud ready yet. Lots of CIOs really want everything running on ahrdware they already bought. There are sometimes legislative restrictions about having things in the cloud. But it’s getting better. People run HR, CRM, and financials in the cloud now. The cloud is getting closer to being enterprise ready. There are market pressures being addressed every day by cloud offerings. These are all problems we’ve heard before.

In the end, it’s not about the technology. Businesses don’t care about technology. Technology is the means to an end. Think about the technology like a business. Think about getting it done cheaply, quickly, and well. This is why Rails, agile, and the cloud make business sense.

Legalities

Jose Gonzalez of Hoodiny Entertainment

Other than what you’re going to provide, when you’re going to provide it, and how much it’s going to be fore, everything is going to be specific for your business. Don’t accept sloppy code and don’t accept ambiguity in the business. If you and your client don’t understand what it means then a judge won’t understand what it means.

Trade Secrets
Under the law trade secrets are protected as long as they are secret. If you come up with something that is a trade secret the very nature of its protection is associated with its confidentiality. On the other end of this is patents which require you say as much as possible in order to obtain protection. To mark it as a trade secret it must be marked confidential. Do not let anyone see it who doesn’t need to see it. If a client has given you something that is a trade secret it should be market as confidential.

Some companies will put everything as confidential. Some judges will toss that out as a matter of course. As a consultant, everything you learn while in the client’s office should be treated as confidential. That’s just good practice.

Copyright
If you write the same ten word essay as someone else, both people retain the same copyright. Copyright is the right to stop somebody of copying your work. If you have created something independently from another person then you are not copying.

Trademark isn’t there for you. You need to fight to keep it.

If you’re going to do business, do safe business. Get business insurance.

Merger Clause
It’s a little thing at the bottom of the clause. Anything that anybody said prior to executing this contract in oral communications, written, etc, is gone. If it’s not in the contract it doesn’t exist. Basically, if you want something. Particularly for consultants if there were conversations you had with clients prior to the deal, put them in the contract or they don’t apply.

Understand the Client’s Organization
If someone is the CIO and they hire you, you generally don’t have to worry about hiring issues with them. A CIO would have "apparent authority." You need to make sure that the person who is signing the contract with you is authorized to sign the contract. He jokes that in a bank everybody is the vice president. Don’t negotiate with someone who is seven levels down in a company. You may have already given someone your best deal who has no power to execute on it. Understand the layout of the company before you make a decision otherwise you will be spending a lot of time and energy that might not even apply.

• If you’re going to make a statement of work they should only have statements specific to the business and scope of the work. There may be times when you come up with a situation where you have an agreement where you have to change something with a specific deliverable.
• SLAs are nothing more than a way of limiting liability in a specific circumstance. Be careful with them. If the SLA doesn’t meet what you’re looking for it overrides liability. Make sure you understand SLAs.
• If you need something from the client in order to make something happen put it in the contract. Outline the client’s responsibilities.
• It all comes down to this: protect yourself. See a lawyer and get a contract made.

Overall this was one of the most useful talks so far of BizConf. Jose thoroughly knows his stuff.

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1. Liveblogging Bizconf I'm lucky to attend BizConf so I thought I'd...

I’m lucky to attend BizConf so I thought I’d blog about my experience here. I can’t promise to get every presentation here but I’ll try my best. This post will be updated as things happen.

Impressions so far: amazing conference. I’ve never been to a conference where so many people are having difficulty choosing talks because they all look so interesting and useful.

• Opening Keynote
• Selling Value For Fun and Profit
• Learning to say "No".
• Bootstrap Like a Missionary

Welcome Address and Keynote

Obie Fernandez, Hashrocket

Be controversial. But if you’re going to be controversial be prepared to take the abuse. In that respect, be confident in yourself but not to the point that you seem desperate. “He who cares the least wins.” This can be a fine tuned art or skill that some have innately and some have to really work on. Referrals are your lifeblood — try and get the most values out of referrals as possible. Obie shows a video where a client talks about what they’re doing and . As tech people we’re used to email and instant messages. But don’t do that. If there’s a phone number in an email, call the person! Keep a notebook to keeping notes and to-dos.

Lawyers cost a lot of money. If you run in to a situation where things can be difficult then make sure to negotiate at a time that’s good for you, and not when you’re under pressure. This goes back to not seeming desperate. Don’t do fixed bid contracts. Agile doesn’t work with fixed bid contracts. Charge what you are worth. Budget for both nonpaying clients and internal products. Use pivotal tracker.

Regarding agile, do it by the book first and don’t defend it. Be consistently excellent because perception is reality. Make sure you make it easy to see. If the client doesn’t recognize it then you’re not doing an excellent job. This reminds me of a quote by Richard Bandler – "The meaning of your communication is the response that you get."

He closes by saying don’t lose your sense of fun. Great keynote. I’m not sure Obie realized it but he demonstrated nearly everything he spoke on during his actual talk. This was a very inspiring start to the conference.

Selling Value For Fun and Profit

Randall Thomas, Engineyard

I came in a bit late on this. Adding features to a product actually changes the product. Example: BMW i-drive.

Simplify the complicated
Simplification is really important and it adds value. 37Signals is a great example here. Consumers actually face anxiety when they face choices no a product. Amazon is an example of things that are easy, like Amazon prime. Randall went from buying 3 or 4 things a year on Amazon to 3 or 4 a month

Educate an audience
As geeks, we like to educate. A good example of this is having APIs for your apps. Writing an API educates your audience about your app.

Preserve existing value
Once you’ve invested in something you have to preserve the value of it. He asks how many people have expensive electroincs. Lots of hands go up. How many have an alarm? Not nearly as many hands go up. Software is similar to this.

Selling Value
Value is the only thing that’s ever sold and bought.

Communicate Value
If you solved an awesome problem, make sure your clients know about this. If you solve a problem in 3 hours but don’t communicate how awesome that is compared to the guy who takes 300 and keeps in constant contact with the client, the client will see more value in the longer one. We have lots of ways to do this: email, sms IM, skype, etc. You’re not delivering value if your client doesn’t understand it.

Understanding Value
Your clients need to understand the value you provide. If they don’t you’re not providing that value.

Getting Paid
Do what’s valuable for a client. If you don’t understand what is valuable for a client you can’t charge correctly and get paid. Some people are more interested in how nice you were at a party vs how great of a programmer you are. This affects how you will get paid.

Open with Value
Before you start talking about how you are getting paid and what you’re getting paid, explain the value. Money is easy to communicate but value is not. Start with the value. A great example is NewRelic. Engine Yard lets people try it and they often upgrade.

Show Don’t Tell
Make value tangible. Agile plays in to this because of collaboration and communication. Example: saying a bomb can level a city vs showing footage of Nagasaki. When you demonstrate value consistently you preserve your value and get more referrals.

Price at Value
Not at cost. The value of something is relative. Focus and price at value. If you’ve done your homework, you know what the value is. Make all efforts to preserve that value because if you don’t it starts a bad precedent. "Protect the integrity of your fee."

Selling on value is based on trust and honesty. If you can’t deliver on a promise or slip on a promise this needs to be communicated. If not your value goes down. When you sell and get paid based on quality, you start focusing on craftsmanship, quality, and the art of it.

This was an great presentation and full of useful information that is applicable to almost everyone.

Fifty Simple Things that Can Improve Your Business

Jerry Weinberg of geraldmweinberg.com

Three things to look for when developing software:

Motivation

You can teach all you want. If you see an organization with no enthusiasm for what they’re doing they probably don’t have enthusiasm for what you’re offering.

Organization

Learn whether or not people are organized. If an organization doesn’t care enough to organize, nothing is going to happen.

Information
Information is not really enough. Strive to find out what’s really going on and what the real problem is. Example: "We have this software project that has been mishandled. It needs to be done in three weeks or the company goes under." In this instance you’re a scapegoat not an architect.

Figure out the real situation and act in accordance.

Jiggling
Like physical things, organizations can get stuck in a loop. You give them a jiggle and it helps them get back on track. At one campus a fire destroyed everything including data. One year later they were more efficient. A lot of times when you come in as a consultant you need to jiggle the company. It may cost you your job but it will be worth it to the company. If you do it nicely you may get repeat business. Agile is the opposite of stuck. A lot of problems aren’t the model but the organization being stuck in what they’re doing.

Audience Question: How can you get stuck in an agile process?
If you think you’re doing agile and not really, you can get stuck. If you’ve spent time and budget not giving someone what they want you run in to problems. If you have a client that doesn’t have an idea where they’re going to end up they may be surprised. You can deliver a lot of product without delivering value. You can be agile at the process level but not be agile at all.

Learning to Say “No”

Jerry Weinberg of geraldmweinberg.com

Jerry opens this talk by asking if someone had something they should have said no to but didn’t. Then the whole audience goes through and analyzes the situation with Jerry as the leader. He breaks down what was done well and what could have been done better. By using an actual example and getting the audience involved, we all got value out of this.

Here’s some things I got out of this presentation:

• Your bottom line applies to everything. If you wouldn’t build something for free it doesn’t matter what else is offered.
• Make the NO clear. There should be no ambiguities.
• Do good business. If you can’t accommodate something, say no. It will be better than doing it poorly.
• Word spreads around. As with the previous point, if you’re not doing good business people will know.

I would have liked to have better notes for this one but it was more of a participatory thing. Jerry did a thorough job getting his points across in this way.

Bootstrap Like a Missionary

Andrew Warner of Mixergy.com

Find ways in the door when you’re not supposed to be in the door. Find ways to get your message in the door. He gives an example of an ad company who he wanted to sell his ads. He was too small a company for them but didn’t give up. He called every day and they declined. Every day. Finally he drove down with a check for $2,000. They took a chance on him.

Start with garbage as your first product
Build your product in stages. He asked Christian Carter how he builds a product. The answer was "When I have an idea for a product, I buy an ad on Google and see the click rates." We then get a ton of examples from Andrew and the audience and the moral is the same for all of them: I wish I would have launched earlier. Your audience will shape your product more than you can imagine. You will have a better product for it.

Build an audience for yourself.
Some people build their audience by a blog. Some build their audience by message boards. Some do it by meetings. Do what works for you. We get some more audience participation for this one. Alex De Carvalho gets up and tells us about Refresh Miami and how he built the community. As in the case of Threadless, Magento, etc, you generally can’t buy the great press you get from involving the community and building your audience.

Get your members to recruit for you.
Viral marketing doesn’t work anymore. Hotmail was the originator of this by adding on to everyone’s email message. Viral marketing can it or it can’t. Some youtube videos get millions of views. For Andrew, this isn’t enough to build a business off of. You don’t want to build your business on hoping people spread your word.

Must Marketing
Andrew’s dad got Skype installed. His dad wanted a friend to use it so he installed it for his friend. Some popular restaurants don’t have tables for one. You have to get friends to go with you.

Rules for Must Marketing

It doesn’t work alone
You can’t have must marketing if you can do something alone. The big risk is that it could fail completely. That’s why you put out garbage first and iterate.

There should be accountability
People should be able to see whether or not you did something. An example is a Twitter post voting site. People could see who tweeted to vote for things and who didn’t. Then they would ask for people to vote.

The Recipient Needs To Be Able To Reciporicate
In the virtual gift example, a guy can send his girlfriend virtual flowers. When she gets them she can send some back. By converting the recipient in to the sender the loop continues.

Andrew has a ton of energy and really gets people involved in his presentation. It’s no wonder he’s a successful entrepreneur.

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logger.info "Some debugging info I want to see in my development log."

If you make a regular model that doesn’t inherit from ActiveRecord, though, you may see the following error:

undefined local variable or method `logger' for #<Class:0x42fd77c>

The solution is to call Rails.logger.info (or debug, or warn) as follows:

Rails.logger.info "Some debugging info I want to see in my development log."

I hope that helps someone.

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Elijah Miller has a great blog post on getting TextMate and RSpec to play nicely together. This is pretty useful for just running specific spec files. Also, did you know you can get TextMate to automatically recognize spec files by naming them with the .spec extension and RSpec will recognize it?

Link

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Numerous commercial software vendors offer competing software applications for connectivity (both Internet and intranet), security, hosting, and e-business servers. System Center competes with server management and server virtualization platform providers, such as BMC, CA, Inc., Hewlett-Packard, IBM, and VMWare in the management of information technology infrastructures. Forefront security products compete with McAfee, Symantec, and Trend Micro in protecting both client and server applications. Our products for software developers compete against offerings from Adobe, Borland, IBM, Oracle, Sun Microsystems, other companies, and open-source projects. Open source projects include Eclipse (sponsored by CA, IBM, Oracle, and SAP), PHP, and Ruby on Rails, among others. We believe that our server products provide customers with advantages in innovation, performance, total costs of ownership, and productivity by delivering superior applications, development tools, and compatibility with a broad base of hardware and software applications, security, and manageability.

Emphasis mine.

Posted via web from Jason’s posterous

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Photo from esparta on Flickr.

Introduction

Receiving email is a great way to add functionality to your application. This is one area, though, that is not very well documented with Rails. Sure, we have ActionMailer documentation, but how does something like this actually work in a production environment and what are the concerns? I had to tackle this problem recently and no solution that was “in the wild” would work with the requirements I had for this application. In this article, we will take a look at a couple of options and go in to detail with one method that has not recieved much coverage.

John Nunemaker, on the Rails Tips blog, posted a solution to this problem using GMail with IMAP to Receive Email in Rails⁽¹⁾. He uses a script to connect to an IMAP server every minute or so and polls for new e-mails. The Rails environment is loaded and if there are new messages waiting, this is processed using an ActiveRecord model. He uses the ‘Daemons’ library to keep the script running and give it start/stop commands and keep a pidfile.

This is a perfectly valid and functional way to process e-mail. The application I was working on, though, had to be able to handle and process e-mail in as little time as possible. People would likely be e-mailing things from their mobile phones and might want to check on them soon after an upload. At that point, polling every X number of minutes wasn’t a viable solution, so I had to come up with something else.

It’s also worth noting that polling for email should take in to account your user base and size. Let’s say that we have an app with 10,000 active users. Let’s also say that during peak times, they all decide to email our application. Finally, we’ll say that they are sending an average 5 emails apiece. With these hypothetical numbers, this works out to about 833 emails per minute. If your IMAP server is being polled every three minutes, that’s going to leave you about 3,332 e-mails to download and process each time.

Configuring Your Email Server

Email itself is a problem that has been largely solved. There are a wealth of email servers available but this article will take a look at Postfix. Postfix is most easily installed using the package manager of your distribution and may already be installed if you have a VPS. I prefer Ubuntu server side so this article will focus on that flavor. Just be aware that certain configuration file locations may vary depending on your distribution. So let’s get started.

First we need to add or change some DNS records. The instructions for how to do this will vary depending on how you have your DNS hosted. I personally use DNS Made Easy and recommend it to my clients as well, should they need DNS hosting. DNS Made Easy has very reasonable rates and quotas. Regardless of your host you need to create the following records:

• An “A” record that has your domain name only.
• An “A” record that is just "mail".
• An “MX” record that is set to level 10 and points to “mail”
• Optional: An SPF Record

OK, I was lying. The SPF record isn’t really optional. This is going to be a TXT Record and should read something like this:

	v=spf1 mx -all

There are several different variations you can use with SPF records but going through them would be beyond the scope of this article. Do some research and pick the combination that’s right for your setup.

Now, the first thing that you’re going to need to do is figure out what address you want to receive mail as. This is going to be your catch-all address. In this case we’re going to choose "killerrobot" because that just might keep spammers at bay⁽²⁾. I mean, who’s going to spam a killer robot?

Reading tutorials around the web or even looking in some books will tell you that you can tell postfix to forward mail simply by piping it in /etc/aliases. You might be tempted to do something like pipe everything to a ruby script:

# /etc/aliases
...
killerrobot: "|/usr/bin/ruby /var/www/apps/myapp/current/lib/mail_receiver.rb"
*: killerrobot

This, unfortunately, won’t work. If you do it this way, all of your scripts are going to run as root. This is not what you want and can be a security concern. The proper way to do this is with a postmap filter. Open up /etc/postfix/master.cf. The first line after all of the comments should look like this:

# /etc/postfix/master.cf
smtp      inet  n       -       -       -       -       smtpd

Add a line right below that to tell postfix that you’re using a filter:

# /etc/postfix/master.cf
smtp      inet  n       -       -       -       -       smtpd
 -o content_filter=myapp_filter:

Then go all the way down to the bottom of the file and add your filter:

# /etc/postfix/master.cf 
smtp      inet  n       -       -       -       -       smtpd
 -o content_filter=myapp_filter:
...
myapp_filter unix -     n       n       -       -       pipe
 flags=Xhq user=deploy argv=/usr/bin/ruby /var/www/apps/myapp/current/lib/mail_receiver.rb

The “X” parameter in “flags=Xhq” tells postfix that an external command performs final delivery. This is going to change the message status from “relayed” to “delivered”. The “h” flag sets the recipients and domains to lowercase, and the “q” flag quotes whitespace and other special characters. Now, reload postfix by doing sudo postfix reload. At this point, you should have a very basic mail server configured to receive email and put it in to a mail_receiver.rb script.

Handling The Email

We’re going to be putting all of our mail that comes in to a message queue and parsing it with the ‘mms2r’ gem. In this article I’m going to use beanstalkd⁽³⁾ but you could substitute your favorite message queue for this part of the architecture. I’m going to assume that a message queue is already installed and running and that you have both the ‘tmail’ and ‘mms2r’ gems installed.

We want our mail_receiver script to be super lean. It’s only going to serve one function: put the incoming mail in to a queue. We’ll process the queue later but for now we just want to get it in there and handle any attachments. We want it to be super lean because if we’re receiving a lot of mail we don’t want this script to be memory intensive or take a long time to start up or run. It will look something like this:

#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'rubygems'
require 'tmail'
require 'mms2r'
require 'beanstalk-client'
 
message = $stdin.read
mail = TMail::Mail.parse(message)
mms = MMS2R::Media.new(mail)
 
if !mail.to.nil?
  BEANSTALK = Beanstalk::Pool.new(['127.0.0.1:11300'])
  BEANSTALK.yput({:type => 'received_email', 
    :to => mail.to.flatten.first.gsub('@mydomain.com', ''), 
    :tags => mail.subject, 
    :attachment => mms.default_media.path})
end

What we’re doing here is taking the email message from standard input and parsing it by putting it in to a TMail object. TMail is a great library that takes care of most of the formatting for us. It lets us do things like refer to mail messages as objects and use mail.to, mail.from, etc. If we have attachments, they’re going along as well.

MMS2R is an amazing piece of software. It works for both emails and, as the name implies, MMS messages as well. What makes it so amazing? There are dozens of different formats that an attachment can come in from both email and MMS. Different phone carriers each have their own way of doing MMS attachments, each of them slightly different. MMS2R alleviates the problem of trying to parse all of these different formats and does it all for you. In this way we can call MMS2R::Media.new(mail) and be done with it.

For the purposes of our example application, the user can tag the photos they upload by putting the different tags in the subject. We send that in as another option in the job hash for beanstalkd. Each user is assigned a unique identifier in their account that lets them send email to the application, for example “aslkdf32@myapp.com”. We grab the first recipient (mail.to) because that will come in as an array. We take the domain out and send that in as the “to” field. Finally, the temporary media location on disk that we parsed using MMS2R is thrown in to the queue as the :attachment option. Our mail is in the queue.

Processing the Queue

Now that we have our email in the queue, we need to get it out. For this part, we’re actually going to load the Rails environment. I have this in the lib directory. The code would look something like this:

#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '..', 'config', 'environment')
require 'rubygems'
require 'beanstalk-client'
require 'yaml'
beanstalk_config = YAML::load(File.open("#{RAILS_ROOT}/config/beanstalk.yml"))
 
@logger = Logger.new("#{RAILS_ROOT}/log/queue.#{Rails.env}.log")
@logger.level = Logger::INFO
 
BEANSTALK = Beanstalk::Pool.new(beanstalk_config[Rails.env])
 
loop do
  job = BEANSTALK.reserve
  job_hash = job.ybody
  case job_hash[:type]
  when 'received_email'
    @logger.info("Got email: #{job_hash.inspect}")
    if EmailProcessor.process(job_hash)
      job.delete
    else
      @logger.warn("Did not process email: #{job_hash.inspect}")
      job.bury
    end
  else
    @logger.warn("Don't know how to process #{job_hash.inspect}")
  end
end

The first line loads the Rails environment so we have access to all of our ActiveRecord models. We want to keep our code DRY and use only one method of processing an attachment, routing messages, or the like. If we were using attachment_fu or paperclip, we would keep this code in the model. You might even want to make a seprate class, such a presenter, for your logic. In this case the EmailProcessor class finds the user based on the reception_email attribute and then executes the “do_stuff” method to process the message. It would look something like this:

require 'local_file'
require 'tmail'
require 'mms2r'
 
class EmailProcessor
  attr_accessor :user, :options
 
  def self.process(*args)
    email_processor = new(*args)
    email_processor.do_stuff
  end
 
  def find_user
    @user = User.find(:first, :conditions => {:reception_email => @options[:to]})
  end
 
  def do_stuff
		# Your actual logic would go here...
  end
 
  def initialize(*args)
    @options = args.extract_options!
    find_user
  end
end

This uses the LocalFile class from Ben Rubenstein⁽⁴⁾

We’re not quite done yet. We need to make the mail_processor run as a daemon instead of just running “ruby mail_processor.rb” when we want to launch it. We’ll use the ‘daemons’ library for that. This will take care of setting up PID files and lets us do ruby mail_processor_control.rb start and ruby mail_processor_control.rb stop. We’re also using the “daemons_extension” file from Rapleaf that actually gives feedback on stopping of the daemon. The script itself is extremely simple and goes in the lib directory with your mail_processor.rb script:

require 'rubygems'
require 'daemons'
require File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'daemons_extension')
 
ENV['RAILS_ENV'] ||= 'development'
 
options = {
  :app_name  => 'processor',
  :dir_mode  => :script,
  :dir       => '../log',
  :backtrace => true,
  :mode      => :load,
  :monitor   => true
}
 
Daemons.run(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'processor.rb'), options)

Now just start it by doing “ruby mail_processor_control.rb start" and your daemon will be up and running. That’s it! You’re receiving e-mail to your Rails app. It is very important that you load the rails environment in your worker and not the daemon controller. The controller only manages the worker, therefore it won’t have access to the Rails environment and will error out.

Considerations

Depending on your configuration, you may want to use a different message queue than beanstalkd. I’ve personally found beanstalkd to be reliable but your architecture might call for something else. For example, you may want to put your message queue on another server. If you did this then you wouldn’t have access to the temporary storage that MMS2R defaults to for saving the attachments. In that case you could use a queue and put the attachments directly in the queue, on s3, etc.

Some people have reported problems using the daemons library and having their daemon just halt and stop responding. I’ve never encountered that and I’ve had this similar setup running for months. You will also want to put your mail_processor_control under some sort of process supervision, such as by monit or god.

You may be asking yourself why we didn’t use ActionMailer to handle the incoming emails since it does that? The answer is that if you do it the way it’s described, for example, on the Rails wiki, it will spin up a new Rails process for each email that’s received. Under any significant load, this will fail⁽⁵⁾. Another drawback to that approach is that if there is a failure, you lose the email. With this type of architecture, it remains in the queue and you can just process it later.

Conclusion

This is a good start to handling email in your application. Being able to process email is a great way to enhance your app and give your users mobile access. With email-capable phones becoming ubiquitous, they no longer need to be tied to a computer to use your app. Remember, an app that can be used anywhere is an app that will be used anywhere.

Citations

1. http://railstips.org/2008/10/27/using-gmail-with-imap-to-receive-email-in-rails
2. No it won’t.
3. http://xph.us/software/beanstalkd/
4. http://www.benr75.com/articles/2008/01/04/attachment_fu-now-with-local-file-fu
5. Because rails can’t scale. See http://canrailsscale.com for more information.

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Rack

What the heck is Rack and why is it getting so much press lately? Well, from it’s tag-line: “Rack provides an minimal interface between webservers supporting Ruby and Ruby frameworks.”

But what does that mean? Prior to Rack if you wanted to interface with Mongrel or Thin you had to write your own custom wrapper for talking to that web server. Rack standardized the interface for doing that and even added some icing on the cake.

Resources

• Rack Homepage – This is the official Rack home page. There’s a mirror on GitHub as well.
• Rack on GitHub – This is the official Rack source repository.
• Rack-Contrib – This is the repository for rack middleware and different rack utilities. It’s a great starting point for examples.
• Rack-development – The official Rack Google Group. It’s a great place to ask questions or get help with Rack related troubles.
• Rack::Test and its RDoc. Much like Rack is a standard interface for talking to web servers, Rack::Test is a standard interface for testing Rack apps.

Tutorials and Links

• Introducing Rack by Christian Neukirchen. Christian is the author rack and this is the introductory blog post about it.
• Introduction to Rack Middleware – This tutorial goes through what Rack middleware is and gives an example of writing an ascii shrimp middleware in your application.
• Creating a Rack middleware for minifying your javascript files – This post by Luciano Panaro is less of a tutorial than a full fledged middleware with explanation but it is a solid example to learn from.
• Adding cache headers by Vidar Hokstad is another example of creating a middleware for a specific purpose.
• Rack middleware asciicast the same version of the RailsCast below but in text form.
• Ruby Rack Middleware Tutorial – This tutorial goes over the call chain and gives a real world example.
• Flash uploaders, Rails, cookie based sessions and CSRF: Rack Middleware to the rescue! – This is one of the better tutorials out there because it starts with a real world problem and demonstrates how to solve it.
• It’s Only Rack on Rails But I Like It – Noel Rappin goes through and gives a brief introduction to Rack, why it’s good for Rails, and how to use it from a Rails app.
• How to setup and use Rack::Cache with Rails 2.3 – The title is pretty self explanatory.
• Rack::Test tutorial – Simply test any Rack-compatible app.
• Rails Metal introduction is an awesome introduction to Rails Metal by Jesse Newland.
• Plugging Rack into Rails – Another rack/rails tutorial.
• How to Rackup – This is from the official Rack wiki and explains what Rackup files are and hwo to use them.

Screencasts, Videos, and Presentations

• Rack presentations on the Rack GitHub wiki.
• Jon Crosby’s MountainWest Ruby Conf presentaiton – In a world of middleware, who needs monolithic applications?
• Rack middleware RailsCast – Ryan Bates usual high quality screencasts on how to create a Rack Middleware
• Rails Metal RailsCast – An introduction to creating Rails Metal apps by Ryan Bates
• Rack basics – Remi goes in to the very basics of Rack.
• Rack part 2 – Going over rackup files, creating an executable rack application, using middleware, reloading
• Rack Middleware – What it is, how to write your own, using it in Sinatra and Rails
• Another Rack middleware screencast

Middleware

• List of Rack Middleware on the Rack wiki.
• Rack-Cache – HTTP reverse proxy cache (Google Group). If you want to explore using HTTP caching to its fullest check out this link. It has a few links that explain HTTP caching as well.
• CSS Variables and a tutorial for using it.
• Hancock-client is a sinatra app and rack middleware piece for the hancock SSO server.

Documentation

• Rails on Rack gives you Rails and Rack specific information. This was suggested by Hubert Lepicki in the comments.
• Rack Documentation (RDOC)
• Rack Specification

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I had mistakenly changed it to 500 and didn’t realize why the app completely broke. It turns out that Rails itself uses a 404 code in the metal response to go up the call chain to the next metal:

So if you want to return from the metal, just send back a 404.

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<VirtualHost*:80>
  ServerName myserver.local
  DocumentRoot "/myapp/public"
  RackEnv development
  RailsEnv development
  <directory "/myapp/public">
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all
  </directory>
</VirtualHost>

Update: I thought I should add, based on Hongli Lai’s response in the comments, that this is with me using the passenger preference pane in Leopard. That might be the culprit. Is anyone else seeing this problem? Let me know in the comments.

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Click To Zoom

Get Sinatra, Rubygems, and Passenger working for offline RDocs? Count me in. I saw this and new I had to have it. I’ve been on some long plane rides recently and I frequently find myself wanting to look up something from a gem’s documentation while I’m coding. You can use the gem server command but that’s just such a pain to do every time you want to look something up. I hadn’t really given it much thought that there might be an easier way until I saw Jesse’s tweet about it. Having this offline using passenger at http://gems.local is great but I wanted to have a little more searching baked in. Here’s how I did it:

1. Install the hanna gem from mislav.

   You may need to have the HAML gem installed for this to work. The hanna gem is a great theme for rdoc output. It includes javascript to make some ajaxy type search so you can filter methods by typing in to a text field in one of the frames on the left. It took me a little while to find this theme. It’s the one currently in use on GitRDoc, which is a great resource (if you’re online).

2. Tell rdoc to use the hanna theme

   In order to tell rdoc and gem to use this when you use the "gem" command, you need to add to your .gemrc. Beware that this will affect all future rdoc generation when you install a gem. Add the following to ~/.gemrc:
   

3. Regenerate your rdocs

   You then need to regenerate all of your rdocs with this theme. You can do this by executing the following:
   

4. Get sinatra-rubygems

   Clone my fork of Jesse Newland’s sinatra-rubygems from GitHub:

   git clone git://github.com/jseifer/sinatra-rubygems.git

5. Add it to Passenger

   Hook it up to your passenger preference pane and set the name to "gems.local", restart Apache and you’ll be all set:

   

After you complete the above steps, everything should be working. Enjoy! This will come in handy next time you don’t have internet access and need to look up some methods. I’d like to give a special thanks to Jesse Newland for releasing the sinatra-rubygems app.

Update: k776 points out in the comments that this doesn’t work on the latest version of rdoc, which is 2.4.1 as of this writing. It seems 2.3.0 is the version to go with.

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This doesn’t work for the gem version I had installed but only with the GitHub version of brynary-webrat.

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Regardless, you can download it here.

Update: Apple has pulled the update for some unknown reason. The page linked above is leads to a 404 not found page.

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