José Miguel Hernández Hernández

Selfridges Departament Store
Birmingham, United Kingdom
Future Systems

Tenerife Concert Hall
Santa Cruz de Tenerife,
Canary Island, Spain
Santiago Calatrava

Kingdom Centre
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Ellerbe Becket & Omrania

City Hall
London, United Kingdom
Foster + Partners

Gateshead Millenium Bridge
Newscastle, England
Wilkinson Eyre Architecs

Sendai Mediatheque
Sendai, Japan
Toyo Ito & Associates

Milwaukee Art Museum
Wisconsin, USA
Santiago Calatrava

Juscelino Kubitschek Bridge
Brasilia, Brasil
Alexander Chan

Winery Ysios
Laguardia, Álava, Spain
Santiago Calatrava

Millenium Bridge
London, United Kingdom
Foster + Partners

Airport Sondica
Bilbao, Spain
Santiago Calatrava

Burj Al Arab
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Tom Willis Wright (Atkins)

Canary Wharf Underground Station
London, United Kingdom
Foster + Partners

Barqueta Bridge
Sevilla, Andalusia, Spain
Juan José Arenas de Pablo

Petronas Towers
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Cesar Pelli & Associates

Tuntex Sky Tower
Kaohsiung, Taiwan
C. Y Lee & Partners

Campo Volantin Footbridge
Bilbao, Spain
Santiago Calatrava

Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
Bilbao, Spain
Gehry Partners LLP

Humber River Bridge
Toronto, Canadá
Montgomery and Sisam Architects

The Dancing House
Prague, Czech Republic
Gehry Partners LLP

MAC-Museum of Contemporary Art
Niterói, Brasil
Oscar Niemeyer

Erasmus Bridge
Rotterdam, Holland
Ben van Berkel

Weisman Art Museum
Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
Frank O. Gehry

Montjuic Communications Tower
Barcelona, Spain
Santiago Calatrava

Fish
Barcelona, Spain
Gehry Partners LLP

Puente del Alamillo
Sevilla, Andalucía, Spain
Santiago Calatrava

Bank of China Tower
Hong Kong, China
Pei Cobb Freed & Partners

Bach de Roda Bridge
Barcelona, Spain
Santiago Calatrava

Miami Tower
Downtown Miami, Florida, USA
Pei Cobb Freed & Partners

Fountain Place
Dallas, Texas, USA
Pei Cobb Freed & Partners

The Atlantis Condominiums
Miami, Florida, USA
Arquitectonica

CN Tower
Toronto, Ontario, Canadá
John Andrews & WZMH Architects

Willis Tower (Sears Tower)
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, SOM

The World Trade Center
Manhattan, New York, USA
Minoru Yamasaki & Associates

SNP Bridge-Novy Most
Bratislava, Slovakia
Jozef Lacko

Sydney Opera House
Sydney, Australia
Jorn Utzon

Transamerica Pyramid
San Francisco, California, USA
William L. Pereira & Associates

John Hancock Center
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, SOM

Lake Point Tower
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Schipporeit & Heinrich

The Gateway Arch
St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Eero Saarinen

Space Needle
Seattle, Washington, USA
John Graham & Associates

Marina City
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Bertrand Goldberg

Seagram Building
Manhattan, New York City, USA
Mies van der Rohe

Mount Rushmore National Memorial
Pennington, South Dakota, USA
Gutzon Borglum

Fallingwater
Pennsylvania, USA
Frank LLoyd Wright

The Endless Column
Târgu Jiu, Romania
Constantin Brancusi

Golden Gate Bridge
San Francisco, California, USA
Joseph B. Strauss & others

American International Building
Manhattan, New York City
Clinton and Russell; Holton & George

Empire State Building
Manhattan, New York City
Shreve, Lamb & Harmon Associates

Chrysler Building
Manhattan, New York, USA
William van Alen

Christ the Redeemer
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Various Artists

Park Güell
Barcelona, Spain
Antoni Gaudí

Casa Milá (La Pedrera)
Barcelona, Spain
Antoni Gaudí

Flatiron Building
Manhattan, New York, USA
Daniel Burnham

Tower Bridge
London, England, UK
Horace Jones

Eiffel Tower
Champ de Mars, Paris, France
Maurice Koechlin and
Gustave Eiffel

Statue of Liberty
New York, USA
Frédérick-Auguste Bartholdi

Home Insurance Building
Chicago, Illinois, USA
William Le Baron Jenney

Brooklyn Bridge
Manhattan, New York, USA
John Augustus Roebling

Puerta de Brandenburgo
Berlin, Germany, Europe
Carl Gotthard Langhans;
Johann Gottfried Schadow

Fontana di Trevi
Rome, Italy
Several Authors

Rialto Bridge
Venice, Italy
Antonio da Ponte

The David
Piazza della Signoria, Florence, Italy
Michelangelo Buonarroti

Charles IV Bridge
Prague, Czech Republic
Petr Parler

Ponte Vecchio
Florencia, Tuscany, Italy
Taddeo Gaddi and Giorgio Vasari

Pisa Tower
Piazza del Duomo, Tuscany, Italy
Various authors

Chichén Itzá Pyramid
Yucatán, Mexico
Maya Dinasty

Coliseum
Rome, Italy
Flavian Dinasty

The Acropolis of Athens
Athens, Greece
Phidias, Ictinus and Callicrates

Gizeh Pyramids
El Cairo, Egypt
Hemiunu & others

Págs. 1-2

References / Referencias

The Urban Towers Handbook
John Wiley&Sons, London, 2011
by Eric Firley and Julie Gimbal
English
+info Buy

TURNING TORSO - Santiago Calatrava
Bellisco Ediciones, Madrid, 2008
by José Miguel Hernández Hernández
Español - English
+info Buy

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Did you know...? of the week: Home Insurance Building (first tall building or first skyscraper in history).

2013-06-19T12:27:00.003+02:00

Did you know...? The Home Insurance Building, designed by the architect-engineer the first school of Chicago William Le Baron Jenney, became the first tall building or first skyscraper history. The work, only ten stories high and built between 1884 and 1885 by an innovative structure consists of a steel frame, was subsequently expanded to twelve plants in 1890. Four decades later, in 1931, and in the twentieth century, the Home Insurance Building, which was built in the Chicago Loop (financial and commercial district of the city), specifically in the corner of Adams and La Salle streets -, was demolished along with other buildings to build the Empire Field, now known as LaSalle National Bank Building and Bank of America Building.

Home Insurance Building, Chicago, IL, USA, 1884-1885
Client: Home Insurance Company
Architect-Engineer: William Le Baron Jenney (1832-1907)
Address: Chicago Loop, 135 South LaSalle Street,
Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
Building Use: Office
Home construction: Spring 1884
End first 10 floors Construction: Fall 1885
Expansion to 12 floors 1890
Frame: Steel, formed by square pillars filled with concrete and covered with terracotta as fire protection, the slabs were supported by rolled steel type IPN containing the slabs prefabricated support of each plant.
Final height with 12 floors: 55 meters (180 feet)
Status: Demolished in 1931
Architectural style: Chicago School
Functional Period (1880-1900)

The Home Insurance Building in Chicago, rectangular, presenting a facade inspired by a classical column divided into three parts, where the first two floors coated with different pillow shapes in stone plucked from the street level, giving way to a volume stylized in search of heaven. The main body of offices, which dominated the orthogonal grid, was characterized by the function of the office building, in which large glazed spaces left for better lighting. The termination superior shot, simulating a classic capital, was decorated with different ledges.

The structural design of the building is divided into three main frames on each side of the facade, in which pillars as an outgoing, emphasized the classic Corinthian column. For modern façade cladding made the use of brick as a masonry and glass for windows. The self-supporting steel structure, building support, allowed to open large glazed panels on the facade by means of "Chicago windows" (windows chicago), mostly combined with large sash fixed panels in the center to illuminate the interior of the building naturally.

The large glazed spaces, which give up the wide-load bearing wall, were the basis of what later became the traditional "curtain wall", present to this day. With this innovative building system designed by Jenney by a steel skeleton could gain more usable space inside the building, while allowing greater ventilation and lighting inside to the welfare of its occupants.

above image of the architect-engineer the first School of Chicago, William Le Baron Jenney (considered father of the skyscraper). "The principle of holding an entire building on a carefully balanced metal frame, stiffened and protected from fire, is due to the work of William Le Baron Jenney. Has no predecessors in this respect, and he is due all the credit derivative this engineering feat that he was the first to "Daniel Hudson Burnham (1846-1912).

Chronology of the Home Insurance Building: origin of skyscrapers

Occurs in Chicago in 1871 a sad fire that destroys much of the city because most of the houses were built of wood by-almost vernacular building system-known as "Balloon frame".

Arises a new architectural style to rebuild the city called "Chicago School", in which a group of architects and engineers who propose similar solutions provide the foundation to build a new metropolis by building high-rise buildings is born " skyscrapers ".

With the arrival of the first lifts,-who avoided annoying having to climb stairs, steam (Otis, 1864) at first by hydraulic drive (Baldwin, 1870), later, or electrical (Siemens, 1887), in the end, and materials such as cast iron years ago and then with steel, made possible the challenge of building the first high-rise buildings of 10 to 15 floors.

Other factors such as population growth, high demand for houses and high land values significantly influenced the decision to start building the first buildings in search of heaven. In a plot of small size, many plants were repeated in height, making the most of the space was a reality.

The style of the Chicago School, also known as "Commercial Style", was based on the creation of buildings that rose by metal structures were lined by building function. The windows could vary in size when it is desired and in many cases eliminated the thick walls of cargo, which significantly limited space, since until that time to give the necessary strength to a large building had to be built thick masonry walls . Smooth surfaces and lack of ornamentation on the walls was another characteristic of this style.

In the late nineteenth century 80 is produced in Chicago a revolution in terms of the construction of buildings of this type based on the characteristic steel frame, both residential and office use.

The appearance of the "sliding windows", occupying much of the facade, give way to what will be known later as "curtain wall", heralding the "glass boxes" of the twentieth century. Masonry walls between windows are no longer part of the building structure, so that construction steel to enable large spans as desired improving ventilation and natural lighting inside.

The structure consists of a steel frame, thanks to its ductility, admitted large deformations without breaking, so it was a pretty innovative construction system at the time, because it not only allowed to gain much more height, but also allowed large open spaces on the facade glazing.

In 1883, the Insurance Company Home Insurance Company tender brings distinctive new headquarters, a building that was to become their representative image to accommodate your main template of employees. The work, being a commercial building, should have well-lit large open spaces that would facilitate the work to employees while ahorrasen electricity.

William Le Baron Jenney, who had previously investigated with cast iron in the First Leiter Building in the same city that ended in 1879, was the winner of the competition with its innovative proposal by designing entirely based on a steel frame.

The plot on which to build the new headquarters of the Home Insurance Company is located on the corner of the Adams and La Salle streets in Chicago's Loop (city district).

Due to the proximity of Lake Michigan, the city of Chicago had the negative factor of having a somewhat weak clay soil, so to build the first high-rise buildings had to be perfecting foundation systems used until then and that "an caisson Chicago "(Chicago drawer). This drawer, of the same dimensions as the sun, was formed by a concrete wall just over a meter thick (1.20 m.) That allowed up the pillars from bedrock.

The Home Insurance Building is built between spring 1884 and autumn 1885.

Originally rose 10 floors high and then added two more plants in 1890, reaching a height of 55 meters final architectural, thus becoming the world's tallest skyscraper.

Today the final height of the Home Insurance may seem ridiculous when you consider the great technological advances that have taken place over the entire twentieth century and early twenty-first century. However, in both Chicago and New York, the construction of the first buildings in the characteristic based high steel frame were a feat and a technological breakthrough from an architectural and engineering at the time, marking a golden age in terms of Urban Planning both cities and laying the groundwork for what later became the Bauhaus, a school of design, art and architecture, which means a small number of important architects like Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson, among others, the design principle "form follows function", laid the foundation of the International Style that result in the "Second Chicago School".

For the construction of the Home Insurance Building was used freestanding steel structure lined with terracotta as fire protection. The different floors of offices were allocated by brick walls covered with terracotta and plaster walls to the ceiling.

Terracotta tiles, composed of sand and clay that were baked in the oven, apart from being used as a coating, were also used as a flame retardant, as they were very resistant to fire in case of any fire, so with this item is completely forraban steel columns and beams.

For the predominant façade cladding and glass brick windows. Numerous adjustable blinds and awnings were also installed on the façade and sun protection.

By using steel structure made a lot more space inside the building regardless of load thick walls, improving ventilation and lighting by sash windows combined with fixed panels, which are commonly known as "Chicago windows" (Windows of Chicago).

The Home Insurance Building is considered the first tall building or first skyscraper in history, as it was the first building in the world to be built with a metal frame in its entirety, however, was built after thought he could not resist standing for long.

William Le Baron Jenney, along with Louis Henry Soullivan, both members of the First School of Chicago, is considered the "father of the skyscraper".

The Home Insurance Building was demolished in 1931 along with other buildings to build in place the building Empire Field. As you can see in the image below, the demolition of the Home Insurance Building was not done by explosives, as the steel structure can be dismantled by human personnel from the top for safety, thus preventing possible damage the surrounding buildings. Also, the steel can be removed subsequently recycled and reused, for example in a new building.

Map

Phrase of the week / Frase de la semana

2013-06-18T22:46:00.001+02:00

« Quizás sorprenda, pero diré que nunca pretendí ser más astuto que los demás. Sí pensé por mi cuenta siempre e intenté explicitarme a mí mismo y a mis ideas en la práctica. El principio es que tengo una mente organizada. Soy un autodidacta, pero soy muy curioso, todo me interesa. » / « Perhaps surprisingly, but I will say that I never intended to outsmart the other. Yes I thought on my own and tried always explicitarme myself and my ideas in practice. The first is that I have an organized mind. I am a self-taught, but I am very curious, everything interests me. », Le Corbusier

( Phrases and Famous Quotations / Frases y Citas Célebres )

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¿Sabías qué...? de la semana con ilustraciones / Did you know ...? of the week with illustrations ( Curiosidades Arquitectónicas ) Pág. 11

2013-06-18T09:30:00.000+02:00

Aviso Legal. Copyright © José Miguel Hernández Hernández para todo el contenido incluido en este directorio. No usar sin permiso en ningún medio. Todos los derechos reservados www.jmhdezhdez.com

( Todos los ¿Sabías qué...? / All the Did you know ...? )

Mile High Tower | The Illinois

¿Sabías qué...? El prestigioso arquitecto americano Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) presentó en 1956, —sólo tres años antes de su muerte—, la propuesta de un nuevo rascacielos de una milla (1609,4 metros) de altura denominado "The Illinois". La obra, emplazada en la ciudad de Broadacre, no lejos de la ciudad de Chicago, que había proyectado el propio Wright en 1920 y que nunca se llegó a construir, se convertiría así con sus 1609,4 metros de altura estructural en el rascacielos más alto del mundo. Hay que recordar que en ese entonces todavía conservaba el récord de rascacielos más alto del mundo desde 1931 el Empire State Building de Nueva York de estilo Art Déco, con sus 381 metros de altura arquitectónica; Wright proyectaba un rascacielos cuatro veces más alto sólo 25 años más tarde de la inauguración del Empire State.

Con 528 plantas y un uso enteramente mixto, —debido a su enorme altura—, debía contar con ascensores de propulsión atómica. Su estructura, que había sido prevista en acero, haría que las oscilaciones fuesen notables, sobre todo en las plantas superiores. A pesar de este hecho, Wright se adelantó a su tiempo y fue uno de los arquitectos más visionarios de su época; no en vano, el también llamado Mile High Tower o Illinois Sky-City, presenta cierta similitud con el Burj Khalifa de Dubai de 828 metros, o la Kingdom Tower de Jeddah, actualmente en construcción, que superará la barrera de los 1.000 metros. El autor del Solomon R. Guggenheim de Nueva York o la Fallingwater (La Casa de la Cascada), presentó el interesante proyecto de "The Illinois" el 16 de octubre de 1956 en el Hotel Sherman de Chicago en una multitudinaria rueda de prensa.

Did you know...? The renowned American architect Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) presented in 1956 —only three years before his death—, a proposed new skyscraper a mile (1609.4 meters) High called "The Illinois". The project, located in Broadacre City, not far from the city of Chicago, which Wright himself had projected in 1920 and never actually built, would thus become its structural height 1609,4 meters at the tallest skyscraper world. Remember that back then still held the record for world's tallest skyscraper from 1931 the Empire State Building in New York Art Deco, with its 381 meters high architectural, Wright planned a skyscraper four times as high as 25 years later than the opening of the Empire State.

With 528 floors and a fully mixed use,-because of its enormous height-, should have atomic-powered elevators. Its structure, which had been planned in steel would cause the oscillations were notable, especially on the upper floors. Despite this fact, Wright was ahead of his time and was one of the most visionary architects of his time, not surprisingly, also called Mile High Tower or Illinois Sky-City, has some similarity to the Burj Khalifa in Dubai 828 meters, or Jeddah Kingdom Tower, currently under construction, which will overcome the barrier of 1000 meters. The author of the Solomon R. Guggenheim New York or The Fallingwater presented the interesting project of "The Illinois" on October 16, 1956 at the Hotel Sherman in Chicago at a packed press conference.

Mile High Tower | The Illinois
Arquitecto Diseñador: Frank Lloyd Wright
Nombre oficial: The Illinois
Nombres alternativos: Mile High Tower,
Illinois Mile High Tower, Illinois Sky-City
Tipo: Rascacielos (Gigatall)
Uso: Residential, Hotel, Oficinas, Gobierno
Material estructural: Acero
Propuesta: 1956
Altura arquitectónica: 1609.4 metros / 5280 pies
Altura con antena: Height: 1739.2 metros / 5706 pies
Plantas sobre rasante: 528
Superficie: 18.46 Millones de pies cuadrados
Estado: Visión
Estilo arquitectónico: Moderno; Arquitectura Orgánica

Premio Pritzker

¿Sabías qué...? La medalla del Premio Pritzker lleva inscritas en su reverso las tres palabras "firmitas, utilitas, venustas", en alusión a los principios elementales que debía tener toda obra arquitectónica y que fueron formuladas por el arquitecto romano Marco Vitruvio: firmeza, utilidad y belleza. Su diseño fue creado por el arquitecto de la primera escuela de Chicago Louis Soullivan, considerado, —junto con William Le Baron Jenney—, padre de los rascacielos. El Premio Pritzker está considerado el galardón más importante que puede recibir un arquitecto a lo largo de toda su carrera. Se trata del equivalente al Premio Nobel. Se inició en el año 1979 y fue creado por la millonaria Familia Pritzker, dueña de una de las cadenas hoteleras más importantes del mundo, los Hoteles Hyatt.

Los dueños Jay A. Pritzker (1922-1999), y su mujer Cindy, conscientes de la importancia de la arquitectura en el mundo, decidieron fundar este premio, ya que, como residentes en Chicago, sabían de la importancia de esta, y en particular, en la de esta ciudad, cuna de los rascacielos por excelencia, donde importantísimos arquitectos como Louis Sullivan, Daniel Burnham, Frank Lloyd Wright o Mies van der Rohe, entre muchos otros, ya habían dejado su importante legado arquitectónico. El premio se entrega cada año alrededor del mundo y los arquitectos galardonados reciben un premio en metálico de $100.000 dólares, un certificado formal, y también desde el año 1987, el característico medallón de bronce.

Did you know...? The Pritzker Prize medal is inscribed on the reverse the three words "firmitas, utilitas, venustas" referring to the basic principles we should have all architectural work and were made by the Roman architect Vitruvius: strength, utility and beauty. Its design was created by the architect of the first school of Chicago Louis Soullivan, considered-along with William Le Baron Jenney, the father of the skyscraper. The Pritzker Prize is considered the highest award an architect can receive over his career. This is the equivalent to the Nobel Prize. It began in 1979 and was created by the billionaire Pritzker family, which owns one of the largest hotel chains in the world, Hyatt Hotels.

Owners Jay A. Pritzker (1922-1999), and his wife Cindy, aware of the importance of architecture in the world, decided to start this award because, as residents of Chicago, knew the importance of this, and in particular that of this city, birthplace of the skyscraper par excellence, where very important architects like Louis Sullivan, Daniel Burnham, Frank Lloyd Wright or Mies van der Rohe, among others, had already left their important architectural legacy. The award is given each year around the world and award-winning architects receive a cash prize of $ 100,000, a formal certificate, and since 1987, the characteristic bronze medallion.

Págs. 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11

( Todos los ¿Sabías qué...? / All the Did you know ...? )

Aviso Legal. Copyright © José Miguel Hernández Hernández para todo el contenido incluido en este directorio. No usar sin permiso en ningún medio. Todos los derechos reservados www.jmhdezhdez.com

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Timelapse "Making The Leadenhall Building London" by Paul Raftery and Dan Lowe

2013-06-17T19:21:00.001+02:00

Videoviernes!

Capital City Towers, Moscow, Russia, 2003 — 2010

2013-06-14T11:55:00.000+02:00

Cliente: Capital Group
Arquitecto: NBBJ
Inspiración diseño: Vladimir Tatlin (pintor y escultor)
Ingeniero Estructural: Arup
Nombre oficial: Capital City Moscow Tower
Nombres alternativos: Capital City Towers; One Capital City
Tipo: Rascacielos (Supertall) +300 m.
Altura arquitectónica:
301,8 m. / 990 pies (Moscow Tower)
257 m. / 843 pies (St. Petersburg Tower)
Plantas: 76 (Moscow), 65 (St. Petersburg)
Superficie: 288,000 m²
Proyecto: 2003
Inicio construcción: 2005
Inauguración: 2010
Uso principal: Residencial
Tipología: Arquitectura Híbrida
Estilo Arquitectónico: Postmoderno, High-Tech,
Deconstructivismo, Arquitectura Sostenible

Capital City Towers Moscú, en preparación...

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SKYSCRAPERS IN NEW YORK CITY / RASCACIELOS EN NUEVA YORK

2013-06-13T10:15:00.001+02:00

One World Trade Center
Manhattan, New York City, USA
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

The New World Trade Center
Manhattan, New York City, USA
SOM, Foster, Rodgers, Fumihiko Maki and Santiago Calatrava

Eight Spruce Street -
New York by Gehry
Manhattan, New York City, USA
Gehry Partners LLP

One Bryan Park -
Bank of America Tower
Manhattan, New York, USA
Cook+Fox Architecs LLP

The New York Times Building
Manhattan, New York City, USA
Renzo Piano Building Workshop

Hearst Tower
Manhattan, New York, USA
Foster + Partners

Citicorp Center
Manhattan, New York City, USA
Stubbins Associates;
Emery Roth & Sons

The World Trade Center
Manhattan, New York, USA
Minoru Yamasaki & Associates

Seagram Building
Manhattan, New York City, USA
Mies van der Rohe

American International Building
Manhattan, New York City
Clinton and Russell;
Holton & George

Empire State Building
Manhattan, New York City
Shreve, Lamb & Harmon Associates

Chrysler Building
Manhattan, New York, USA
William van Alen

Rascacielos históricos New York
Manhattan, New York City, USA
Curiosidades

Flatiron Building
Manhattan, New York, USA
Daniel Burnham

References / Referencias

The Urban Towers Handbook
John Wiley&Sons, London, 2011
by Eric Firley and Julie Gimbal
English
+info Buy

Home Geography Architects Engineers Skyscrapers Bridges Buildings Towers Publications Last Photographics Works About me

ARCHITECTS / DAVID CHILDS

2013-06-12T23:13:00.002+02:00

One World Trade Center
Manhattan, New York City, USA

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OS 10 ARRANHA-CÉUS MAIS ALTO DO MUNDO (PO)

2013-06-11T11:46:00.001+02:00

Comparada diagrama Copyright Skyscraperpage.com

ES EN FR DE

* Categoria de vincular a outra página

LISTA DOS 10 MAIORES ARRANHA-CÉUS DO MUNDO

# Construção, cidade, altura em metros, a altura em pé, Flats, Ano

1. Burj Khalifa (Burj Dubai), Dubai, 828 m, 2,717 ft, 163, 2010
2. Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel, Mecca, 601 m, 1,972 ft, 120, 2012
3. One World Trade Center, New York City, 541.3 m, 1,776 ft, 110, 2014
4. Taipei 101, Taipei, 508 m, 1,667 ft, 101, 2004
5. Shanghai World Financial Center, Shanghai, 492 m, 1,614 ft, 101, 2008
6. International Commerce Center, Hong Kong, 484 m, 1,588 ft, 108, 2010
7. Petronas Tower 1, Kuala Lumpur, 452 m, 1,483 ft, 88, 1998
8. Petronas Tower 2, Kuala Lumpur, 452 m, 1,483 ft, 88, 1998
9. Zifeng Tower, Nanjing, 450 m, 1,476 ft, 66, 2010
10. Sears Tower (Willis Tower), Chicago, 442 m, 1,451 ft, 108, 1974

Blog novo e interessante de classe, que contém uma lista muito importante do arranha-céu mais alto 10 do mundo atualizados 01/01/2014. Um diretório de importante mudança, a cada ano novos arranha-céus estão abertos em muitas partes do mundo. Teríamos de ir para a direita de volta ao final do século XIX para saber a origem dos primeiros arranha-céus, uma vez que após o triste incêndio em Chicago em 1871 e devastou grande parte da cidade, porque a maioria das casas tinha sido construído de madeira, motivou os arquitetos e engenheiros da primeira escola de Chicago pensar em uma nova forma de Urbanismo para reconstruir a cidade através de um novo tipo de arranha-céus, os arranha-céus, o ferro fundido em primeiro lugar, e, em seguida, de aço, com a ajuda da grande invenção do elevador fez este tipo de arranha-céus.

O primeiro edifício alto ou histórico primeiro arranha-céu foi a Home Insurance Building em Chicago, projetado por William Le Baron Jenney, que, com 10 andares de altura, que data de 1885. O arranha-céu mais alto em termos de preocupações vão se mudar para Nova York, cinco anos depois, em 1890, uma data que corresponde à abertura do Edifício World at 39 metros de altura. Sempre na mesma cidade, então, fazer dois recordes mundiais separadas Manhattan Construção Seguro de Vida em 1894 (12 m.), O edifício de Park Row em 1899 (13 m.), E no início do século XX, a construção do cantor em 1908 (68 m.), o Edifício Metropolitan Life Insurance em 1909 (26 m.) e do edifício Woolworth em 1913 (28 m.), todos em estilo neo-gótico.

Mais tarde, no final do primeiro terço do século XX, na corrida para construir arranha-céu mais alto do mundo, em Nova York, 40 Wall Street, em 1930, o primeiro a alcançar a maior altitude no mundo, e então o Chrysler Building, em 1930, eo Empire State Building, em 1931, o último estilo Art Deco dois, entrou para a história ao se tornar o mais alto arranha-céu do mundo, com 319 metros e 381 metros, respectivamente. Nos arranha-céus de meados do século XX foram refinados na cidade através de novas intervenções importantes como o estilo internacional Seagram Building projetado por Mies van der Rohe, que se tornou o primeiro edifício do mundo a usar painéis de vidro do chão ao telhado, ou o pós-moderno estilo Citicorp Center, que, devido à crise do petróleo tornou-se o símbolo da recuperação econômica da cidade, Stubbins Associates trabalho em parceria com Emery Roth & Sons.

No ano de 1973 irá mudar significativamente a história do arranha-céus em termos de maior altura está em causa, uma vez que é neste ano, quando ele inaugurou as famosas torres gêmeas esplêndidas do World Trade Center torres de escritórios constrastaron cortar drasticamente vantagem no que diz respeito edifícios altos e estilo arranha-céus em sua maioria-gótico, que haviam sido construídos na Big Apple durante o primeiro terço do século XX. As obras modernas de 417 e 415 metros, respectivamente, mantêm o recorde de maior altitude no mundo por um ano, até que se abriu a Sears Tower em Chicago, o que exceder a sua altura arquitetônicas 442 metros. O edifício vanguardista, construído no âmbito do "Megamódulo", com sua fachada característica de alumínio anodizado preto, desenhado por Skidmore Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM), é considerado um dos melhores arranha-céus do mundo, um símbolo do estilo internacional de a segunda escola de Chicago.

Em 1998 houve outra grande mudança no coletivo global de arranha-céus, como o título de arranha-céu mais alto do mundo estava se movendo de oeste para leste. No outro lado do mundo, na Ásia, particularmente na Malásia, o Petronas Towers em Kuala Lumpur Cesar Pelli design, com seu 452 metros de altura, o conseguiu arrebatar o título de arranha-céu mais alto do mundo na Torre Sears em Chicago, o título manter-se até 2004, quando ele abriu a torre Taipei 101, em Taiwan, que se tornará o arranha-céu mais alto do mundo, com sua arquitetura 508 metros. Sua cuidadosamente projetado pelo prestigiado escritório de arquitetura C. Y. Lee. & Partners, é inspirado na arquitetura tradicional chinesa e evoca a forma de um 8 pontos pagode, número da sorte neste país. O enorme prédio à prova de terremotos contém uma enorme bola de contrapeso no chão 92, o que dá ao edifício a estabilidade que necessita para suportar terremotos de até 7 pontos na escala Richter e ventos de mais de 450 kmh .

Dubai, uma cidade emocionante no deserto, tornou-se parte da história dos arranha-céus, e em 2010 abriu a Burj Khalifa de 828 metros de altura arquitetônicos, atualmente classificada como a No. 1 na lista dos 10 arranha-céus mais altas do mundo. O enorme edifício de uso misto, projetado pelo arquiteto americano Adrian Smith, quando ainda trabalhava para a empresa SOM-, superou Taiwan Taipei torre de 299 metros de altura, batendo várias marcas, como os edifícios altos CTBUH Conselho e os registros de Habitat Urbano concedido maior altura de arquitetura para 828 metros, o registro da planta com 163, eo maior piso ocupada no mundo, entre outros. A lista dos 10 arranha-céus mais altos do mundo mudou consideravelmente no início do século XX, eo surgimento de novas adições híbridas (uso misto) muito interessantes como o Shanghai World Financial Center de Xangai KPF Kohn Pedersen Fox, o IFC Guangzhou Guangzhou, Wilkinson Eyre projeto, ou Shenzhen Development KK100 trabalho TFP Farrells, ultrapassando a partir da lista arranha-céus icônicos, como o Empire State Building ou o Chrysler Building, em Nova York, Chicago Trump Tower também.

A priori, pode-se deduzir curiosidades arquitetônicas desta lista importante entre outras coisas, é que a menos Sears Tower de Chicago, agora chamado de Willis Tower, 442 metros e as Torres Petronas em Kuala Lumpur, de 452 metros, o resto de arranha-céus foram concluídos no século XXI. Além disso, porque os edifícios altos mover concreto amplamente reforçada e, como demonstrado tanto o núcleo do Burj Khalifa, em Dubai, como o One World Trade Center, em Nova York, apresenta-se como o melhor material do século XXI não só para ganhar muito mais altura na construção de edifícios altos e arranha-céus, mas também porque ele proporciona uma grande estabilidade e resistência a ambas as cargas verticais e horizontais produzidos pelo vento forte.

Hoje, na cidade de Jeddah, na Arábia Saudita, e como um símbolo de riqueza e poder, eles estão construindo a Torre Kingdom (A Torre do Reino), que em 2018 vai se tornar arranha-céu mais alto do mundo, arrebatando o título de Burj Khalifa, em Dubai. A grande obra de dimensões sobre-humanas, design escritório de arquitetura Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill, surpreendentemente ultrapassar a barreira de 1 quilômetro. Qual será o próximo desafio para o homem em busca de Deus? As obras deste diretório importante são classificadas pela altura.

Lista de arranha-céu mais alto do mundo a 10:

Burj Khalifa (Burj Dubai)
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
2010 (828 m)

Cliente: Emaar Properties
Arquiteto: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP, SOM
Engenheiro Estrutural: Bill Baker (SOM)
Nome Oficial: Burj Khalifa
Outro nome: Burj Dubai
Tipo: Arranha-céus (Megatall) + 600 metros
Altura: 828 metros (2.717 pés)
Estrutura: concreto e superestrutura de aço
Área: 464 511 m²
Uso: misto (escritórios, residências, Hotel, Mirante de Observação)
Plantas: 163
Tipo: Híbrido Arquitetura
Estilo arquitetônico: Modern, High-tech

One World Trade Center
Manhattan, New York City, USA
2014 (541.3 m)

Cliente: PANYNJ Autoridade Portuária de Nova York e Nova Jersey
Arquiteto: David Childs | Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP
Engenheiro Estrutural: WSP Cantor Seinuk
Nome oficial: One World Trade Center
Nomes alternativos: 1 World Trade Center;
Freedom Tower (Torre da Liberdade)
Tipo: Skyscraper (Supertall + 300 m)
Área Site: 75.000 m²
Torre de estar: 325,279 m² / 3501274 pés ²
Plantas: 104, e 5 abaixo do solo
Architectural Altura: 1.776 pés (541,3 metros)
Estrutura: aço misto e concreto
Uso principal: Escritório
Plantas: 110
Elevadores: 73, nível de 10,16 m / s
Tipo: Híbrido Arquitetura
Estilo arquitetônico: Arquitetura Sustentável, Pós-moderno;
Desconstrutivismo, High-tech | Eco-tech (alta tecnologia)

Taipei 101
Taipei, Taiwan
2004 (508 m)

Cliente: Taipei Financial Center Corporação
Arquiteto: C. Y. Lee & Partners
Engenheiro Estrutural: Thornton Tomasetti, Engenharia Evergreen
Categoria: Arranha-céus (Super-Alto) + 300 metros
Architectural Altura: 508 metros
Plantas: 101
Área: 357,719 m²
Elevadores: 61, velocidade 16,8 m / s
Uso: Misturado
Tipo: Híbrido Arquitetura
Estilo arquitetônico: Revivalism Oriental

Shanghai World Financial Center
Shanghai, China
2008 (492 m)

Cliente: Shanghai World Financial Center Corporação
Arquiteto: KPF Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates
Engenheiro Estrutural: LERA - Leslie E. Robertson Associates
Categoria: Arranha-céus (Super-Alto) + 300 metros
Altura: 492 metros
Área: 381.600 m²
Uso: Misturado
Plantas: 101
Tipo: Híbrido Arquitetura
Estilo arquitetônico: Postmodern

Petronas Towers
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
1998 (452 m)

Cliente: KLCC Property Holdings Berhad
Arquiteto: Cesar Pelli & Associates
Engenheiro Estrutural: Thornton-Tomasetti Engineers EUA,
e Ranhill Bersekutu Sdn Bhd, Malásia
Categoria: Arranha-céus (Super-Alto) + 300 metros
Altura da torre: 452 metros
Área: 341 760 m²
Pisos: 88
Uso: Mixed, Escritório, Centro de Congressos,
Auditório, Biblioteca, Baía de Observação
Tipo: Híbrido Arquitetura
Estilo arquitetônico: Revivalism islâmico

Willis Tower (Sears Tower)
Chicago, Illinois, USA
1974 (442 m)

Cliente: Sears Roebuck & Co
Arquitecto: Bruce Graham, ( Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, SOM )
Ingeniero Estructural: Fazlur Khan, ( SOM Ingeniería )
Categoría: Rascacielos (Super-Tall) +300 metros
Altura arquitectónica: 442 metros
Plantas: 110
Uso: Mixto, Oficinas, mirador
de observación llamado "Skydeck" y restaurante
Superficie: 416.000 m²
Nombre anterior: Sears Tower (Torre Sears)
Estilo Arquitectónico: Estilo Internacional

abaixo, outros arranha-céus que se tornou a maior do mundo em algum momento da história ou que alcançou parte restante da lista dos 10 mais:

KK100 Development
Shenzhen, China
TFP Farrells
2011 (442 m)

Guangzhou International Finance Centre
Guangzhou, China
Wilkinson Eyre Architects
2010 (439 m)

Trump Chicago Tower
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP, SOM
2009 (423m)

The World Trade Center
Manhattan, New York, USA
Minoru Yamasaki & Associates
1973 (417 m)

Empire State Building
Manhattan, New York
Shreve, Lamb & Harmon Associates
1931 (381 m)

Bank of China Tower
Hong Kong, China
Pei Cobb Freed & Partners
1990 (367 m)

Tuntex Sky Tower
Kaohsiung, Taiwan
C. Y Lee & Partners
1997 (348 m)

Chrysler Building
Manhattan, New York, USA
William van Alen
1930 (319 m)

American International Building
Manhattan, New York City
Clinton and Russell; Holton & George
1932 (290,17 m)

Flatiron Building
Manhattan, New York, USA
Daniel Burnham
1902 (86.87 m)

Home Insurance Building
Chicago, Illinois, USA
William Le Baron Jenney
1885 (55 m)

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Copyright © José Miguel Hernández Hernández
Editor, Escritor y Fotógrafo de Arquitectura /
Publisher, Writer and Architectural Photographer
http://www.jmhdezhdez.com/

Phrase of the week / Frase de la semana

2013-06-11T10:50:00.001+02:00

« Los ambiciosos que no se contentan con el beneficio de la vida y la belleza del mundo, tienen por castigo el no comprender la vida y el quedar insensibles a la utilidad y belleza del universo. » / « The ambitious who are not content with the benefit of the life and beauty of the world, have the punishment he did not understand life and be insensitive to the value and beauty of the universe. », Leonardo da Vinci

( Phrases and Famous Quotations / Frases y Citas Célebres )

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ALGUNAS DE MIS REFLEXIONES Y PENSAMIENTOS / SOME OF MY REFLECTIONS AND THOUGHTS Pág. 3

2013-06-10T13:56:00.003+02:00

Mi interés por el mundo de la arquitectura nace desde una gran curiosidad. / My interest in the world of architecture comes from a great curiosity.

Hay que saber extraer lo mejor de la arquitectura de cada ciudad. / We must find out the best in the architecture of each city.

Me interesan los rascacielos desde el punto de vista estructural y arquitectónico. / I am interested in skyscrapers from the structural point of view and architectural.

Hacerse con un nombre de prestigio en el mundo de la arquitectura requiere de gran perseverancia, esfuerzo y dedicación. / Become a reputed name in the world of architecture requires great perseverance, effort and dedication.

La gente no se imagina el trabajo que hay detrás de una sola imagen. / People can not imagine the work behind a single image.

Considero a Philip Jodidio un auténtico precursor en el mundo de la arquitectura y a quien merece la pena seguir. / Philip Jodidio I consider a true pioneer in the world of architecture and who worth following.

En la edición de un libro sobre arquitectura, sólo la recopilación del trabajo fotográfico ya requiere de un enorme esfuerzo. / In the edition of a book on architecture, only the collection of photographic work and requires an enormous effort.

Estudiar arquitectura me ha permitido conocer mucha historia y geografía. / Studying architecture has allowed me to meet a lot of history and geography.

Trabajo mucho con imágenes. / I work a lot with images.

La ilustración embellece toda publicación. / The illustration beautifies any publication.

Soy consciente de que pongo mucho amor en todo lo que hago. / I am aware that I put a lot of love in everything I do.

En el simple título de cada obra en el blog, ya te estoy facilitando un montón de información. / In the simple title of each work on the blog, and I'm providing a lot of information.

No busco fama ni dinero. Yo ya he disfrutado y disfruto cada día de la arquitectura. / I do not seek fame or money. I've already enjoyed and I enjoy every day of the architecture.

Convertirse en un experto en arquitectura no lo es todo, nunca se deja de aprender. / Becoming an expert in architecture is not everything, never stop learning.

Siempre vuelvo al tema de los rascacielos. / I always come back to the topic of skyscrapers.

Piensa en las obras arquitectónicas que consideres interesantes y que más te gusten de cada ciudad o lugar y luego intenta documentarlas de la mejor forma posible. Ahora ya sabes cual es mi trabajo. / Think you find interesting architectural works and that you like in each city or place and then try to document them in the best way possible. Now you know what my job is.

Al que sólo le interese la arquitectura contemporánea no sabe lo que se pierde. / When purchased only contemporary architecture does not know what he's missing.

Ser un autor o artista autodidacta no tiene nada de malo, Le Corbusier o Mies van der Rohe, dos de los arquitectos más famosos e influyentes del siglo XX, no estudiaron la carrera de arquitectura. / Being a self-taught author or artist has nothing wrong with Le Corbusier and Mies van der Rohe, two of the most famous and influential architects of the twentieth century, did not study architecture courses.

Págs. 1-2-3

¿Sabías qué...? de la semana / Did you know...? of the week: Mile High Tower | The Illinois — Frank Lloyd Wright

2013-06-09T23:07:00.002+02:00

¿Sabías qué...? El prestigioso arquitecto americano Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) presentó en 1956, —sólo tres años antes de su muerte—, la propuesta de un nuevo rascacielos de una milla (1609,4 metros) de altura denominado "The Illinois". La obra, emplazada en la ciudad de Broadacre, no lejos de la ciudad de Chicago, que había proyectado el propio Wright en 1920 y que nunca se llegó a construir, se convertiría así con sus 1609,4 metros de altura estructural en el rascacielos más alto del mundo. Hay que recordar que en ese entonces todavía conservaba el récord de rascacielos más alto del mundo desde 1931 el Empire State Building de Nueva York de estilo Art Déco, con sus 381 metros de altura arquitectónica; Wright proyectaba un rascacielos cuatro veces más alto sólo 25 años más tarde de la inauguración del Empire State.

Con 528 plantas y un uso enteramente mixto, —debido a su enorme altura—, debía contar con ascensores de propulsión atómica. Su estructura, que había sido prevista en acero, haría que las oscilaciones fuesen notables, sobre todo en las plantas superiores. A pesar de este hecho, Wright se adelantó a su tiempo y fue uno de los arquitectos más visionarios de su época; no en vano, el también llamado Mile High Tower o Illinois Sky-City, presenta cierta similitud con el Burj Khalifa de Dubai de 828 metros, o la Kingdom Tower de Jeddah, actualmente en construcción, que superará la barrera de los 1.000 metros. El autor del Solomon R. Guggenheim de Nueva York o la Fallingwater (La Casa de la Cascada), presentó el interesante proyecto de "The Illinois" el 16 de octubre de 1956 en el Hotel Sherman de Chicago en una multitudinaria rueda de prensa.

Did you know...? The renowned American architect Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) presented in 1956 —only three years before his death—, a proposed new skyscraper a mile (1609.4 meters) High called "The Illinois". The project, located in Broadacre City, not far from the city of Chicago, which Wright himself had projected in 1920 and never actually built, would thus become its structural height 1609,4 meters at the tallest skyscraper world. Remember that back then still held the record for world's tallest skyscraper from 1931 the Empire State Building in New York Art Deco, with its 381 meters high architectural, Wright planned a skyscraper four times as high as 25 years later than the opening of the Empire State.

With 528 floors and a fully mixed use,-because of its enormous height-, should have atomic-powered elevators. Its structure, which had been planned in steel would cause the oscillations were notable, especially on the upper floors. Despite this fact, Wright was ahead of his time and was one of the most visionary architects of his time, not surprisingly, also called Mile High Tower or Illinois Sky-City, has some similarity to the Burj Khalifa in Dubai 828 meters, or Jeddah Kingdom Tower, currently under construction, which will overcome the barrier of 1000 meters. The author of the Solomon R. Guggenheim New York or The Fallingwater presented the interesting project of "The Illinois" on October 16, 1956 at the Hotel Sherman in Chicago at a packed press conference.

Obras relacionadas / Related works

The Kingdom Tower
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill

Burj Khalifa (Burj Dubai)
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, SOM

The Chicago Spire
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Santiago Calatrava

Fallingwater
Pennsylvania, USA
Frank LLoyd Wright

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ENGINEERS / WILLIAM LE BARON JENNEY

2013-06-09T10:48:00.003+02:00

Home Insurance Building
Chicago, Illinois, USA

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RASCACIELOS EN EUROPA / SKYSCRAPERS IN EUROPE

2013-06-07T23:26:00.000+02:00

FRANCE

FRANCE / PARIS

Hermitage Plaza
La Defense, Paris, France
Foster + Partners

HOLLAND

HOLLAND / ROTTERDAM

The Red Apple
Rotterdam, Holland
KCAP Architects & Planners

SPAIN

SPAIN / BARCELONA

Torre Diagonal ZeroZero
Barcelona, Spain
EMBA Arquitectos

Hotel Santos Porta Fira
Barcelona, Spain
Toyo Ito & Associates

Headquarters Realia Barcelona
Barcelona, Spain
Toyo Ito & Associates

Suites Avenue Building
Barcelona, Spain
Toyo Ito & Associates

Diagonal 197@
Barcelona, Spain
David Chipperfield Architects

Hesperia Tower Hotel
L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
Richard Rogers Partnership

Gas Natural Office Building
Barcelona, Spain
EMBT

Agbar Tower
Barcelona, Spain
Jean Nouvel

SPAIN / GRAN CANARIA

Woermann Tower
Las Palmas, Canary Island, Spain
Ábalos & Herreros

SPAIN / MADRID

Torre Espacio
Madrid, Spain
Pei Cobb Freed & Partners

SWEDEN

SWEDEN / MALMO

HSB Turning Torso
Malmo, Sweden
Santiago Calatrava

UNITED KINGDOM

ENGLAND / LONDON

The Shard - London Bridge Quarter
London, United Kingdom
Renzo Piano Building Workshop

Moor House
London, United Kingdom
Foster + Partners

30 St. Mary Axe
London, United Kingdom
Foster + Partners

References / Referencias

The Urban Towers Handbook
John Wiley&Sons, London, 2011
by Eric Firley and Julie Gimbal
English
+info Buy

TURNING TORSO - Santiago Calatrava
Bellisco Ediciones, Madrid, 2008
by José Miguel Hernández Hernández
Español - English
+info Buy

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Timelapse This is Shanghai by Rob Whitworth

2013-06-07T14:35:00.001+02:00

Videoviernes!!!

Phrase of the week / Frase de la semana

2013-06-06T23:36:00.001+02:00

« La forma sigue a la función. » / « Form follows function. », Louis Soullivan

( Phrases and Famous Quotations / Frases y Citas Célebres )

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¿Sabías qué...? de la semana / Did you know...? of the week: Premio Pritzker

2013-06-04T22:45:00.000+02:00

¿Sabías qué...? La medalla del Premio Pritzker lleva inscritas en su reverso las tres palabras "firmitas, utilitas, venustas", en alusión a los principios elementales que debía tener toda obra arquitectónica y que fueron formuladas por el arquitecto romano Marco Vitruvio: firmeza, utilidad y belleza. Su diseño fue creado por el arquitecto de la primera escuela de Chicago Louis Soullivan, considerado, —junto con William Le Baron Jenney—, padre de los rascacielos. El Premio Pritzker está considerado el galardón más importante que puede recibir un arquitecto a lo largo de toda su carrera. Se trata del equivalente al Premio Nobel. Se inició en el año 1979 y fue creado por la millonaria Familia Pritzker, dueña de una de las cadenas hoteleras más importantes del mundo, los Hoteles Hyatt.

Los dueños Jay A. Pritzker (1922-1999), y su mujer Cindy, conscientes de la importancia de la arquitectura en el mundo, decidieron fundar este premio, ya que, como residentes en Chicago, sabían de la importancia de esta, y en particular, en la de esta ciudad, cuna de los rascacielos por excelencia, donde importantísimos arquitectos como Louis Sullivan, Daniel Burnham, Frank Lloyd Wright o Mies van der Rohe, entre muchos otros, ya habían dejado su importante legado arquitectónico. El premio se entrega cada año alrededor del mundo y los arquitectos galardonados reciben un premio en metálico de $100.000 dólares, un certificado formal, y también desde el año 1987, el característico medallón de bronce.

Did you know...? The Pritzker Prize medal is inscribed on the reverse the three words "firmitas, utilitas, venustas" referring to the basic principles we should have all architectural work and were made by the Roman architect Vitruvius: strength, utility and beauty. Its design was created by the architect of the first school of Chicago Louis Soullivan, considered-along with William Le Baron Jenney, the father of the skyscraper. The Pritzker Prize is considered the highest award an architect can receive over his career. This is the equivalent to the Nobel Prize. It began in 1979 and was created by the billionaire Pritzker family, which owns one of the largest hotel chains in the world, Hyatt Hotels.

Owners Jay A. Pritzker (1922-1999), and his wife Cindy, aware of the importance of architecture in the world, decided to start this award because, as residents of Chicago, knew the importance of this, and in particular that of this city, birthplace of the skyscraper par excellence, where very important architects like Louis Sullivan, Daniel Burnham, Frank Lloyd Wright or Mies van der Rohe, among others, had already left their important architectural legacy. The award is given each year around the world and award-winning architects receive a cash prize of $ 100,000, a formal certificate, and since 1987, the characteristic bronze medallion.

Conoce los arquitectos galardonados Premios Pritzker

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Evolution of the Skyscraper in the United States (works chronologically ordered in time)

2013-06-03T14:41:00.002+02:00

Diagrama comparativo Copyright Skyscraperpage.com

ES

The fire that devastated the city of Chicago in 1871 led to the late nineteenth century architects and engineers of the first school of Chicago think of a new way of planning to rebuild the city through a new type of high-rise buildings: the Skyscrapers, in a perimeter of small size, many plants were repeated at height. With the arrival of the elevator and new materials such as iron in the foreground and then to steel, thanks to its ductility, it could start building the first high-rise buildings by the use of a curtain wall system (without walls load), booming until today. This innovative construction system,-which consisted of a shell or structure with pillars and beams of steel-, was not only that you could make a lot more height, but also that it could open larger conservatories on the front, a better ventilation and natural lighting inside certainly provided better comfort and quality of life to people, users of these tall buildings.

The Home Insurance Building built in Chicago between 1884 and 1885 by the architect - "Father of the Skyscraper" - William Le Baron Jenney (1832-1907), with 10 storeys high, and expanded to 12 in 1890, became the world's first tall building or the first skyscraper in history. Very soon, in the early twentieth century and due to the scarcity and high land value, this type of construction is also transferred to the island of Manhattan, in New York. The architect Daniel Burnham, who died in 1901 before he could see his work-completed, was the designer of the famous Flatiron Building Beaux Arts (Fine Arts), and like the Seagram Building, International Style and works Mies van der Rohe, simulates the figure of a Greek column divided into three parts.

In the second Chicago School skyscrapers were improved high getting new records in the world and bringing great modern American cities like Chicago, New York, San Francisco, Miami, Dallas and Seattle, among others. Very good examples of skyscrapers built in the United States is the Sears Tower, now called Willis Tower, the John Hancock Center, the Onterie Center or the Lake Point Tower in Chicago, also the Empire State Building and the Chrysler Building style Art Deco, both in New York, which although not as interesting from the standpoint of structural and architectural, were built between 1928 and 1931, along with other buildings like the 40 Wall Street or the American International-, in the interesting race to build the world's tallest skyscraper. Therefore, the cities of the West, both Chicago and New York, became the birthplace of the skyscraper par excellence, being no doubt the origin of skyscrapers.

The construction system called concrete slab that was first used to build residential towers Marina City in Chicago,-which was inaugurated in 1964, designed by the great architect Bertrand Goldberg was later refined to build another high rise buildings Self-climbing system, also known as climbing system, consisting of a metal casing which, surrounding the core, due to a huge hydraulic jacks and concreted after each plant, repeatedly rises at various levels until reaching the final height. In the late twentieth century skyscrapers have been refined with the new cutting edge technology, new building systems, new materials and new construction techniques that have made it possible to construct skyscrapers increasingly beautiful, but also more resilient and secure. Therefore, the reinforced concrete, thanks to its stiffness and employee in the central core, is presented as the best material of this century for the construction of high-rise buildings.

The sad bombing of the Twin Towers happened on September 11th 2001 in New York City marked a before and after in the history of skyscrapers and the world. This tragic event has caused architects and engineers from around the world have had to rethink how to build a new high-rise buildings more safely. A good example might be the One World Trade Center design by David Childs of SOM American firm, which is currently being completed in the work of rebuilding Ground Zero in New York. This new skyscraper, which will become its 541 meters high at the tallest skyscraper in the United States of America, has the distinction of possessing a reinforced concrete superstructure in its core combined with a plot perimeter steel columns in the outer ring, making it one of the safest buildings in the world.

Today, climate change has led to a green architecture, green and sustainable, to be revealing to be more self-sufficient buildings. Very good examples of new ecological skyscraper built in the United States of America in this century is the Hearst Tower designed by Norman Foster, the One Bryant Park, designed by Cook + Fox architects, or Eight Spruce Street by Frank Gehry, all in New York, also the Aqua Tower in Chicago, Studio Gang Architects design, which means protruding terraces winding a curtain wall made of concrete as a continuation of the floor, by doing the role of a brise-soleil-, protect the interior of the building Hybrid solar radiation.

Because of the density of American cities today and already established decades skyscrapers begin to live with a new generation of tall buildings called Highrise, renewing the urban fabric of inner cities or become true icons scenographic the natural or artificial waterfronts, looking also surprised by a modern and edgy. In order to know the evolution of the skyscraper in the United States from its inception until today, I wanted to order this interesting directory chronologically in time.

One World Trade Center
Manhattan, New York City, USA
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP
2006-2014

Eight Spruce Street
Manhattan, New York City, USA
Gehry Partners LLP
2006-2011

Aqua Tower
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Studio Gang Architects
2007-2009

Trump Chicago Tower
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP, SOM
2005-2009

Bank of America Tower
Manhattan, New York City, USA
Cook+Fox Architecs LLP
2004-2009

The Chicago Spire
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Santiago Calatrava
2007-

The New York Times Building
Manhattan, New York City, USA
Renzo Piano Building Workshop
2004-2007

Hearst Tower
Manhattan, New York City, USA
Foster + Partners
2003-2006

Espirito Santo Plaza
Miami, Florida, USA
KPF Kohn Perdersen Fox
1997-2002

Miami Tower
Downtown Miami, Florida, USA
Pei Cobb Freed & Partners
1984-1987

Fountain Place
Dallas, Texas, USA
Pei Cobb Freed & Partners
1984-1986

Citicorp Center
Manhattan, New York City, USA
Stubbins Associates; Emery Roth & Sons
1974-1977

Sears Tower (Willis Tower)
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Bruce Graham and Fazlur Khan, SOM
1970-1974

The World Trade Center
Manhattan, New York, USA
Minoru Yamasaki & Associates
1966-1973

Transamerica Pyramid
San Francisco, California, USA
William L. Pereira & Associates
1969-1972

John Hancock Center
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, SOM
1967-1970

Lake Point Tower
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Schipporeit & Heinrich
1965-1968

Marina City
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Bertrand Goldberg
1959-1964

Seagram Building
Manhattan, New York City, USA
Mies van der Rohe
1956-1958

American International Building
Manhattan, New York City
Clinton and Russell; Holton & George
1930-1932

Empire State Building
Manhattan, New York
Shreve, Lamb & Harmon Associates
1930-1931

Chrysler Building
Manhattan, New York, USA
William van Alen
1928-1930

Flatiron Building
Manhattan, New York, USA
Daniel Burnham
1901-1902

Home Insurance Building
Chicago, Illinois, USA
William Le Baron Jenney
1884-1885

References / Referencias

The Urban Towers Handbook
John Wiley&Sons, London, 2011
by Eric Firley and Julie Gimbal
English
+info Buy

TURNING TORSO - Santiago Calatrava
Bellisco Ediciones, Madrid, 2008
by José Miguel Hernández Hernández
Español - English
+info Buy

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American International Building | 70 Pine Street | Cities Service Building, New York City, USA, 1930 — 1932

2013-06-02T23:18:00.001+02:00

Cliente: Cities Services Company | Henry Latham Doherty
Arquitecto: Clinton and Russell; Holton & George
Ingeniero Estructural: Taylor Fichter Steel Construction
Tipo: Rascacielos / Tall-Building (entre 200 y 300 m.)
Nombre Oficial: 70 Pine Street
Nombres alternativos: American International Building; Cities
Service Building; 60 Wall Tower; The AIG Building
Plantas sobre rasante: 67
Material Estructural: Acero
Altura arquitectónica: 290.17 metros / 952.00 pies
Ascensores: 24 (doble cabina en origen); vel. 6 m/s
Uso: Oficinas en origen
Superficie: 80,360 m²
Inicio construcción: 1930
Fin construcción: 1932
Restauración: Demolición del interior en otoño de 2012
Propietario actual: American International Group Realty Corporation
Uso actual: Apartamentos de lujo y Centro Comercial
Dirección: Nº 70 de la Calle Pine, Bajo Manhattan,
Ciudad de Nueva York, NY, Estados Unidos
Estilo: Art Déco

American International Building-70 Pine Street, Nueva York, en preparación...

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Home Geography Architects Engineers Skyscrapers Bridges Buildings Towers Publications Last Photographics Works About me

London Timelapse 2013 by Alex Bordetcky & Svetlana Abrashova

2013-05-31T23:23:00.002+02:00

Videoviernes!!!

TOP 10 WELTWEIT HÖCHSTE WOLKENFRATZER (DE)

2013-05-30T18:05:00.000+02:00

Vergleichende Darstellung Urheberrecht Skyscraperpage.com

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Liste der 10 weltweit höchste Wolkenkratzer

# Gebäude, Stadt, Höhe in Metern Höhe in den Füßen, Wohnungen, Jahr

1. Burj Khalifa (Burj Dubai), Dubai, 828 m, 2,717 ft, 163, 2010
2. Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel, Mecca, 601 m, 1,972 ft, 120, 2012
3. One World Trade Center, New York City, 541.3 m, 1,776 ft, 110, 2014
4. Taipei 101, Taipei, 508 m, 1,667 ft, 101, 2004
5. Shanghai World Financial Center, Shanghai, 492 m, 1,614 ft, 101, 2008
6. International Commerce Center, Hong Kong, 484 m, 1,588 ft, 108, 2010
7. Petronas Tower 1, Kuala Lumpur, 452 m, 1,483 ft, 88, 1998
8. Petronas Tower 2, Kuala Lumpur, 452 m, 1,483 ft, 88, 1998
9. Zifeng Tower, Nanjing, 450 m, 1,476 ft, 66, 2010
10. Sears Tower (Willis Tower), Chicago, 442 m, 1,451 ft, 108, 1974

Neue und interessante Klasse Blog, die eine sehr wichtige Liste von 10 weltweit höchste Wolkenkratzer enthält aktualisierte 01.01.2014. Ein wichtiger Verzeichnis ändern, als jedes Jahr neue Wolkenkratzer in vielen Teilen der Welt eröffnet. Wir müssten nach rechts zurück zu IXX spät, um die Herkunft der ersten Wolkenkratzer wissen, da nach dem traurigen Feuer in Chicago im Jahr 1871 und verwüstete große Teile der Stadt, weil die meisten der Häuser waren gebaut aus Holz, motiviert die Architekten und Ingenieure der ersten Schule von Chicago denke an eine neue Art der Stadtplanung, um die Stadt durch eine neue Art von Hochhäusern, die Wolkenkratzer, die Gusseisen zuerst wieder aufzubauen, und dann von Stahl mit Hilfe der großen Erfindung des Aufzugs machte diese Art von Hochhäusern.

Das erste Hochhaus oder Geschichte erste Wolkenkratzer war das Home Insurance Building Chicago, von William Le Baron Jenney, der mit 10 Stockwerken hoch, aus 1885 entworfen. Der höchste Wolkenkratzer in Bezug auf die Bedenken nach New York City fünf Jahre später im Jahr 1890 zu bewegen, ein Datum, das zur Eröffnung des World Building at 39 Meter hoch entspricht. Immer in der gleichen Stadt, dann erhalten Sie zwei separate Weltrekorde das Manhattan Life Insurance Building 1894 (+12 m.), The Park Row Building in 1899 (+13 m.) Und in den frühen zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts das Singer Building in 1908 (+68 m.), der Metropolitan Life Insurance Building in 1909 (+26 m.) und das Woolworth Building im Jahr 1913 (+28 m.), alle neo-gotischen Stil.

Später, am Ende des ersten Drittels des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts, in das Rennen um die weltweit höchste Wolkenkratzer in New York, 40 Wall Street in 1930 den ersten zu bauen, um die höchste Erhebung in der Welt zu erreichen, und dann die Chrysler Building im Jahr 1930 und das Empire State Building im Jahr 1931, die letzten beiden Art-Deco-Stil, in die Geschichte, indem er der höchste Wolkenkratzer der Welt mit 319 Meter und 381 Meter, beziehungsweise. In der Mitte des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts Wolkenkratzer wurden in der Stadt durch neue Interventionen wichtig wie internationalen Stil Seagram Building von Mies van der Rohe, der das erste Gebäude in der Welt wurde auf Glasscheiben vom Boden zu bedienende entwickelt verfeinert Dach oder die postmodernen Stil Citicorp Center, das aufgrund der Ölkrise das Symbol der Stadt die wirtschaftliche Erholung, Stubbins Associates Arbeit in Partnerschaft mit Emery Roth & Sons wurde.

In das Jahr 1973 deutlich verändern die Geschichte der Wolkenkratzer in Bezug auf größere Höhe betrifft, wie es in diesem Jahr ist, wenn er die berühmten eingeweiht herrlichen Zwillingstürme des World Trade Center Bürotürme constrastaron drastisch Schneide bezüglich hohen Gebäuden und Wolkenkratzern-meist-gotischen Stil, die im Big Apple wurde im ersten Drittel des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts gebaut hatte. Die modernen Werke von 417 und 415 Meter, bzw. behalten den Rekord für die höchste Höhe in der Welt für ein Jahr, bis es den Sears Tower in Chicago, die ihren architektonischen Höhe 442 Meter überschreiten würde eröffnet wurde. Die Avantgarde-Gebäude, im Rahmen der "Megamódulo" mit seiner charakteristischen Fassade aus schwarz eloxiertem Aluminium, von Skidmore Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM) entworfen und gebaut, gilt als einer der besten Wolkenkratzer der Welt, ein Symbol der internationalen Stil die zweite Schule von Chicago.

Im Jahr 1998 gab es eine weitere große Veränderung in der globalen Kollektiv von Wolkenkratzern, wie der Titel des höchsten Wolkenkratzers der Welt von West nach Ost bewegte. Am anderen Ende der Welt, in Asien, insbesondere in Malaysia, die Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur Cesar Pelli Design, mit seinen 452 Metern Höhe, die es geschafft, den Titel des höchsten Wolkenkratzers der Welt an der Sears Tower in Chicago, Titel entreißen um bis 2004 bleiben, wenn es die Taipei 101 Tower in Taiwan, dem höchsten Wolkenkratzer der Welt mit seinen 508 Metern Architektur werden geöffnet. Seine sorgfältig von der renommierten Architekturbüro C ausgelegt Y. Lee. & Partners, ist von der traditionellen chinesischen Architektur inspiriert und erinnert an die Form einer Pagode 8 Punkt, Glückszahl in diesem Land. Das riesige Bürogebäude erdbebensicher enthält eine riesige Gegengewicht Ball auf dem Boden 92, die dem Gebäude gibt die notwendige Stabilität, um Erdbeben zu widerstehen von bis zu 7 Punkte auf der Richter-Skala und Windgeschwindigkeiten von über 450 km / h .

Dubai, eine aufregende Stadt, in der Wüste, wurde es Teil der Geschichte der Wolkenkratzer, und im Jahr 2010 eröffnete das Burj Khalifa von 828 Meter hohen architektonischen, derzeit auf Platz Nr. 1 in der Liste der 10 Wolkenkratzer höchsten in der Welt. Die riesige gemischt genutzten Gebäudes, von dem amerikanischen Architekten Adrian Smith entworfen, während Sie noch für die Firma SOM-, überholte Taiwans Taipeh Turm 299 Meter hoch, schlagen zahlreiche Marken, wie die CTBUH Hohe Gebäude des Rates and Urban Habitat Aufzeichnungen gewährt größere architektonische Höhe bis 828 Meter, die Anlage Datensatz mit 163 und dem höchsten besetzten Boden in der Welt, unter anderem. Die Liste der 10 höchsten Wolkenkratzer der Welt hat sich in den Anfang dieses Jahrhunderts geändert, und die Entstehung von neuen Ergänzungen Hybrid (gemischte Nutzung) sehr interessant wie die Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai KPF Kohn Pedersen Fox, der IFC Guangzhou Guangzhou, Wilkinson Eyre Entwurf oder Shenzhen Development KK100 Arbeit TFP Farrells, Überholen von der Liste legendären Wolkenkratzer der Metropole, wie das Empire State Building oder das Chrysler Building in New York, Chicago Trump Tower auch.

A priori kann man ableiten, architektonische Kuriositäten dieser wichtigen Liste ist unter anderem, dass, wenn Chicagos Sears Tower, heute Willis Tower, 442 Meter und die Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur von 452 Metern, der Rest von Wolkenkratzern in XXI Jahrhundert abgeschlossen. Darüber hinaus wird, da die hohe Gebäude bewegen weitgehend Stahlbeton und als Beweis sowohl den Kern des Burj Khalifa in Dubai, wie die One World Trade Center in New York, als das beste Material des XXI Jahrhunderts vorgestellt nicht nur zu gewinnen, viel mehr Höhe in den Bau von hohen Gebäuden und Wolkenkratzern, aber auch, weil es eine hohe Stabilität und Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen vertikale und horizontale Lasten, die durch den starken Wind erzeugte bietet.

Heute, in der Stadt Jeddah, Saudi-Arabien, und als Symbol von Reichtum und Macht, sie bauen die Kingdom Tower (Der Turm des Königreichs), die im Jahr 2018 der weltweit höchste Wolkenkratzer reißt den Titel werden wird Burj Khalifa in Dubai. Das große Werk der übermenschliche Dimensionen, Design Architekturbüro Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill, überraschend übertreffen die Barriere von 1 km. Was wird die nächste Herausforderung für den Mann auf der Suche nach Himmel sein? Die Werke von diesem wichtigen Verzeichnis durch die Körpergröße geordnet.

Liste der 10 weltweit höchste Wolkenkratzer:

Burj Khalifa (Burj Dubai)
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
2010 (828 m)

Kunde: Emaar Properties
Architekt: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP, SOM
Tragwerksplaner: Bill Baker (SOM)
Offizieller Name: Burj Khalifa
Alternative Namen: Burj Dubai
Typ: Skyscraper (Megatall) + 600 Meter
Höhe: 828 Meter (2.717 Fuß)
Struktur: Beton und Stahl Überbau
Fläche: 464 511 m²
Verwendung: Mixed (Office, Wohnen, Hotel, Lookout Beobachtung)
Pflanzen: 163
Typ: Hybrid Architektur
Baustil: Modern, High-Tech

One World Trade Center
Manhattan, New York City, USA
2014 (541.3 m)

Kunde: PANYNJ Hafenbehörde von New York und New Jersey
Architekt: David Childs | Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP
Tragwerksplaner: WSP Cantor Seinuk
Offizielle Bezeichnung: One World Trade Center
Alternative Names: 1 World Trade Center;
Freedom Tower (Freedom Tower)
Typ: (Supertall + 300 m) Wolkenkratzer
Aufstellungsort-Bereich: 75.000 m²
Wohnzimmer Tower: 325,279 m² / 3501274 ft ²
Pflanzen: 104, 5 und unter der Erde
Architektonische Höhe: 1776 Fuß (541,3 Meter)
Struktur: Mixed Stahl und Beton
Primäre Nutzung: Büro
Pflanzen: 110
Lifte: 73, Höhe 10,16 m / s
Typ: Hybrid Architektur
Baustil: Nachhaltige Architektur, Postmodern;
Dekonstruktivismus, High-tech | Eco-Tech-(High-Tech)

Taipei 101
Taipei, Taiwan
2004 (508 m)

Kunde: Taipei Financial Center Gesellschaft
Architekt: C. Y. Lee & Partners
Tragwerksplaner: Thornton Tomasetti, Evergreen Ingenieurwesen
Kategorie: Skyscraper (Supertall) + 300 Meter
Architektonische Höhe: 508 Meter
Pflanzen: 101
Fläche: 357,719 m²
Lifte: 61, Geschwindigkeit 16,8 m / s
Verwendung: Gemischt
Typ: Hybrid Architektur
Baustil: Oriental Erweckungsbewegung

Shanghai World Financial Center
Shanghai, China
2008 (492 m)

Auftraggeber: Shanghai World Financial Center Gesellschaft
Architekt: KPF Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates
Tragwerksplaner: LERA - Leslie E. Robertson Associates
Kategorie: Wolkenkratzer (Supertall) + 300 Meter
Höhe: 492 Meter
Fläche: 381.600 m²
Verwendung: Gemischt
Pflanzen: 101
Typ: Hybrid Architektur
Baustil: Postmodern

Petronas Towers
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
1998 (452 m)

Kunde: KLCC Property Holdings Berhad
Architekt: Cesar Pelli & Associates
Tragwerksplaner: Thornton-Tomasetti Engineers USA,
und Ranhill Bersekutu Sdn Bhd, Malaysia
Kategorie: Wolkenkratzer (Supertall) + 300 Meter
Höhe des Turms: 452 Meter
Fläche: 341 760 m²
Fußboden: 88
Verwendung: Mixed, Büro, Congress Center,
Auditorium, Bibliothek, Bay of Observation
Typ: Hybrid Architektur
Baustil: Islamic Erweckungsbewegung

Willis Tower (Sears Tower)
Chicago, Illinois, USA
1974 (442 m)

Kunde: Sears Roebuck & Co
Architekt: Bruce Graham, (Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, SOM)
Tragwerksplaner: Fazlur R. Khan, (SOM-Engineering)
Kategorie: Wolkenkratzer (Supertall) +300 m
Architektonische Höhe: 442 Meter
Pflanzen: 110
Verwendung: Mixed, Büros, Pavillon
Beobachtung als "Skydeck" und Restaurant
Fläche: 416.000 m²
Ehemaliger Name: Sears Tower
Baustil: International Style

unten, erreicht andere Wolkenkratzer, die die höchste in der Welt an einem bestimmten Punkt in der Geschichte wurde oder die einen herausragenden Teil der Liste der 10 höchsten: