Latest Jobs in Pakistan – OPULENT JOBS

Micro Payment Gateway (MPG) system by Sindh Government

2025-09-09T14:41:00.003+05:00

Sindh's salary crisis, not technology but incompetence

The Sindh government's introduction of the State Bank's Micro Payment Gateway (MPG) system for paying salaries is an important step towards innovation and transparency, but due to administrative incompetence and lack of preparation, this step has turned into a crisis. Some employees received their salaries on August 25 and 26 through NBP, ABL, UBL and other bank accounts, but a large number of employees are still deprived of their salaries.

The main reason for this situation is the lack of proper training for the staff, the absence of a helpline or complaint center, and the lack of clear communication and instructions.

Only the AG SINDH said that we are in the process, and the matter will be resolved by September. Is such certainty limited to the matter of transactions? The salary of the employees cannot be brought into the trial phase. Such statements show a lack of preparation and experience. Due to such incompetence, thousands of government employees are facing financial difficulties, in which the payment of rent, bills and school fees has become the biggest problem. The micropayment is built on the State Bank's RAAST system, which means that the payment of money will be according to the API i.e. the interface of the program. The transaction of money will be according to the API which will be used for bank transactions in SAP.

The world's famous payment gateways like PayPal or Stripe provide a complete program i.e. API for transactions. Before any real transaction of money i.e. real time transaction, a sandbox environment i.e. a complete experimental environment is also provided by these payment gateways where the concerned staff or individual gets complete training and then implements such a system in their organization.

In Sindh, perhaps the training was not given from above that the salaries of the employees went into the trial phase, while in Punjab the same system is running successfully without any hindrance, which clearly shows. The problem is not technology but the weak system of Sindh, in which the accounts office and related systems of the SBP are incompetent and inefficient. It is necessary that the Sindh government provide full training to the employees working on such systems, issue clear and uniform guidelines for all banks, and establish an effective center for resolving complaints, because in the world of technology, complications or confusions will always arise.

LOCKXEL SUMMER ONLINE INTERNSHIP 2024

2024-05-28T15:19:00.000+05:00

🚀 LOCKXEL is excited to announce our Remote Summer Internship Program! 🌐

We're an IoT-based startup looking for innovative and passionate individuals to join our team. This is a fantastic opportunity to gain hands-on experience and make a real impact in a fast-paced tech environment.

Benefits:

1. Certificate of Internship on completion

2. Mode of Internship: Online Work Opportunity

3. Develop your work portfolio

4. Learn & grow with us.

5. Networking with top-notch people.

6. We help you with your CV/ resume.

7. Career Counselling

8. Learn about advanced technologies (IoT, 4G, 5G, Electronics, Arduino, Microcontroller, & PLC)

📝 All roles are remote, so you can work from anywhere!

💡 At LOCKXEL, we believe in learning by doing. As an intern, you'll work on real projects and make contributions that matter.

🔒 Join us at LOCKXEL and help us shape the future of IoT!

Here are the roles we're offering:

1. SEO Manager Intern: If you have a knack for improving website visibility and are familiar with keyword research, SEO audits, and search engine algorithms, this role is for you!

2. Graphic Designer Intern: Got an eye for design? We're looking for creative minds who can bring our ideas to life through engaging visuals.

3. Content Writer Intern: If you have a way with words and can create compelling content that resonates with our audience, we'd love to hear from you!

4. Video Editor Intern: Have a passion for storytelling through video? Help us captivate our audience with your editing skills.

5. Business Developer/Sales & Marketing Intern: If you're a go-getter with a knack for identifying business opportunities and building customer relationships, this role is for you!

To apply, https://forms.gle/vqZtKFjm2XZxBbtb8

We can't wait to meet you! 🤝

Last Date to Apply is June 10, 2024

GIKI Entry Test Past Papers - Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology

2024-02-24T14:47:00.002+05:00

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology GIKI ENTRY TEST PAST PAPERS are now available. Start preparing for the exams to get admission to the GIKI. The past papers are here for preparation only. You may use this as a sample paper for the idea. You should know that the GIKI admission test paper consists of 80 MCQs and the total marks are 200. Plus duration of the test is 2 hours to complete.

GIKI Mathematics & Physics 2016 Entry Test Past Paper

1.If cos^-1x=^𝝅𝝅_𝟔𝟔 ,then tan^-12x = …………………….

a.π/2

b.π/6

c.π/3

d.none

2.((𝟏𝟏+𝒊𝒊𝟏𝟏−𝒊𝒊))𝟐𝟐 is equal to :

a.1-𝑖𝑖

b.- 𝑖𝑖-1

c.-1+ 𝑖𝑖

d.1+ 𝑖𝑖

3.If lines a₁x+b₁y+c₁=0 and a₂x+by₂+c₂=0 are non-parallel,then

a. a₁b₂-b₁a₂=0

b.a₁b₁-b₂a₂=0

c. a₁b₂-b₁a₂≠0

d. a₁b₁-b₂a₂≠0

4. The equation x²+y²+2x+3y-8=0 represents :

a.Ellipse

b.Circle

c.Hyperbola

d.parabola

5.y=-(x+1)² represents parabola with

a.Vertex (1,0), opens upward

b. Vertex (-1,0), opens downward

c. vertex (0,0), opens leftward

d.none

6.y=e^alnx,then dy/dx=……….

a.axa-1

b.a^xlna

c.e^x

d.lna

7.Coefficient of x⁴ in (1-2x)^3/2 is :

a.3/8

b.1/128

c.-3/16

d.none

8.tan^-1A-tan^-1B=………..

a.tan-11−A+BAB

b. tan-11−A−BAB

c. tan-11+A+BAB

d. tan-11−𝐴𝐴+𝐵𝐵AB

𝟐𝟐

9.Matrix𝟎𝟎

𝟎𝟎

𝟐𝟐

𝟎𝟎

𝟎𝟎 represents…………..matrix.

𝟐𝟐

a.Diagonal

b.scalar

c.symmetric

d.All

10.(-1+ω-ω²) =……………

a.ω²

b.29

c.ω

d.none

11.3^x+1=27^y-1 and x-y=2 then value of (x,y) =…………

a.(2,2)

b.(3,5)

c.(5,3)

d.none

12.y=sin^-1xsix represents:

a.Even function

b.odd function

c.Neither

d.trignometric identity

13.∫_{𝟏𝟏+𝒙𝒙}𝟐𝟐^𝟏𝟏_{𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒙𝒙}𝒅𝒅𝒙𝒙 is equal to:

a.ln(1+x²)+c

b.ln cot^-1x +c

c.ln(1/1+x²)+c

d.none

14. Area under the curve y=sinx from 0 to 2π is equal to:

a.2

b.0

c.4

d.8

15. Fahrenheit and Kelvin give the same value at:

a.-273

b.-40

c.576

d.273

16. To convert a solid into liquid at its melting point is called:

a.Specific heat capacity

b.Latent heat of fusion

c.Latent heat of vaporization

d.heat of sublimation

17. A person moving on a bike with a velocity of 10 ms^-1 applies brakes and stops covering 10 m. If he moves with 30 ms^-1, then when will he stop?

a.10 m

b.30 m

c.90m

d.none

18. If frequency becomes half then the speed of light c and wavelength λ becomes:

a.c/2,λ/2

b.2c, 2λ

c.c,2λ

d.c, λ/2

19. For the first maximum, interplanar spacing is 0.6 μm and φ=60 degrees. What will be the wavelength in nm?

a.500

b.600

c.400

d.none

20. Consider the circuit:

Current in the circuit is:

a.1.5 A

b.0.6 A

c. 1A

d.None

21. Consider the figure:

The resistance between X and Y is :

a.16 kΩ

b.8 kΩ

c.4 kΩ

d.none

22. A uniform beam is balanced is balanced as shown:

A block of weight 50 N is hung at one end, what will be the weight of the beam?

a.60 N

b.100 N

c.75 N

d.50 N

23. The resultant force and resultant torque is:

a.zero, zero

b.zero, non-zero

c.non-zero,zero

d.non-zero, non-zero

24.126C, 136C, 146C differ in:

a.Atomic mass

b.neutron number

c.No. of protons

d.a and b

25. The resultant of these forces will be:

a.10 N

b. 5N

c.30 N

d.20 N

26. Figure shows electric field lines, an electron placed will move:

a.Left
b.right
c.up
d.down

27. Two wires are made up of the same material, the diameter of the first wire is 2 mm and the other is 1 mm. Then the ratio of their resistances is:

a.2:1

b.4:1

c.1:2

d.None

FAQS (Frequently Asked Questions):

1. How to prepare for the GIKI entry test?

You should go through O and A-level Physics and Mathematics for good scores.

2. How much score is required for GIKI?

You should score at least 60% for entrance chances to Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology.

3. What is the GIKI entry test called?

SAT & Normal Entry Exam both options are available.

4. Is there any negative marking on the GIKI test?

Yes, there is a negative marking in the Maths and Physics portion of the entry test paper. However, there is no negative marking in the English section.

SCIENCE IN THE SERVICE OF MANKIND

2023-09-02T15:51:00.005+05:00

Science is the most obedient servant of mankind. It has given us such a wonderful thing that our forefathers did not even imagine a few years ago. Our forefathers did not know science. They lived a simple life.

They had faith in magic and its wonders, but they had never seen such wonders with their own eyes. But modern science has been in service of mankind and has made our lives so comfortable that ancient men never thought about it. Now we can fly in the sky and walk on the Moon, Mercury and other planets. It is all due to the science.

Science has made us able to travel in space and reach thousands of miles away within a few hours. There are trains, cars and aeroplanes which are very easy sources of journey. Even flying saucers and other things fly with more speed than light.

It is not only travelling and journeys, but science has given us numerous other things. Telephone, television, radio, electricity and many other things are the creations of science. We can hear sound and see the movements of a person who stands thousands of miles away from us. Nowadays a type of telephone has been invented which brings one's picture. Computers are trying to occupy an important position in life. Various medicines are being invented to cure the most dangerous

diseases. Hence science has been serving mankind in every field of life.

IBA STS 5 to 15 Job Application Form Word PDF

2023-07-25T20:34:00.002+05:00

The government of Sindh is announcing several jobs for candidates who have passed SIBA STS 5 to 15 jobs test. The government of Sindh is recruiting IBA-passed candidates in different departments such as Sindh Local Government Board, Human Rights Department, Women Development Cell, Livestock and Fisheries, Sindh Secretariat, Sindh Assembly, Science and Technology.

We have availed the perfect job application form bps 5 to 15 words and pdf formats for your ease and job application. There are various sections and blacks in the STS job application form for the candidates to be filled out such as their name, father's name, IBA STS Seat number, obtained marks, technical education, qualification, Domicile, PRC and Form D. And professional experience and certificates are also mentioned to be filled optionally.

Job Application form BPS 5 to 15 PDFs are made for various departments of the Government of Sindh Jobs. Job application form bps 5 to 15 intermediate. Several jobs are available in the following departments for the candidates who applied under Matriculation, Intermediate and Graduation Categories.

Planning & Development BoardPlanning & Development Department
Services, General Administration, Coordination DepartmentServices Wing
General Administration Wing
Inter-Provincial Coordination Wing
I&C Wing
Training Management & Research Management Wing
Board of Revenue
Enquiries & Anti-Corruption Establishment
Local Government, Housing & Town Planning Department
Home Department
Chief Minister's Inspection, Enquiries & Implementation Team
Universities and Boards Department
Food Department
Finance Department
Health DepartmentCulture, Tourism, Antiquities & Archives Department
Livestock & Fisheries Department
Auqaf, Religious Affairs, Zakat & Ushr Department
Works & Services Department
Information Department
Excise, Taxation & Narcotics Control
Population Welfare Department
Labour & Human Resources Department
Law & Parliamentary Affairs Department
Irrigation Department
Agriculture, Supply & Prices Department
Forest Department
Sindh Wildlife Department
Information, Science & Technology Department
Cooperative Department
Women Development Department
Transport & Mass Transit Department
Industries & Commerce Department
Human Settlement Department
Social Welfare Department
Mines & Minerals Development Department
Rehabilitation Department
Energy Department
Sports & Youth Affairs Department
Public Health Engineering & Rural Development Department
College Education Department
School Education & Literacy Department
Environment, Climate Change & Coastal Development Department
Investment Department
Minorities Affairs Department
Human Rights Department

JOB APPLICATION PROFORMA FOR (BPS-05 TO 15) Government of Sindh

TYPE-1

TYPE-2

Just Click on the images and download them to print.

NAVTTC PM Youth Skill Development Program (PMYSDP) – Batch IV.

2023-04-02T14:57:00.008+05:00

You would be able to visit official destinations of government divisions like FPSC, PPSC, SPSC, KPPSC, BPSC, NTS, PTS, OTS, NADRA, WAPDA, IBA-Sukkur, OGDCL, PEC, Sindh Jobs, Pakistan Jobs, STS, Siba Testing Service, Sindh Police, Sindh High Court, BISP, BISE, Bank Jobs, Civil Aviation Authority, FIA, FBR, NAB, NLC, PPHI, Sindh Revenue Board, Suparco locales for an employment opportunity and occupations openings which are problematic considering the way that you can't visit every one of these on reliable timetable.

OPPORTUNITY DETAILS

Apply Online:

Upload a CV to Apply for an Opportunity

Category / Sector:

Classifieds

Newspaper:

Nawaiwaqt Jobs

Education:

Middle, Matric, Intermediate, Graduation, Masters, MPhil, PhD

Vacancy Location:

Pakistan

Organization:

NAVITAS

Training:

6-Months

Expected Last Date:

16 April 2023

NAVTTC PM Youth Skill Development Program (PMYSDP) – Batch IV was published on 16 April 2023 in the Daily Express Newspaper. It is presenting you with all of the skilled candidates for lots of opportunities. All must send their registration forms by 16 April 2023. All entries must be received by 16 April 2023. People having a Matric to Bachelor's or Master's degree are eligible for the roles listed above.

Prime Minister’s Youth Skill Development Program (PMYSDP) is initiated to strengthen the quality of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) via NAVTTC batch 4. The purpose of the program is to equip young people with market-driven conventional and high-tech skills required for career progression with an aim to bring the capacity of youth to par with international standards.

navttc batch 4 date
navttc batch 4 admission
navttc certificate download
navttc institute list
www.navttc.gov.pk 2023
navttc certificate verification
navttc portal

NAVTTC courses:

IT Sector

Manufacturing Sector

Construction Sector

Service Sector

Diploma Courses Hunarmand Pakistan

The program comprises several components of interventions to stimulate the transformation of the entire TVET system in the country. The components include standardization of TVET, the establishment of 75 High Tech Skills centres/labs, the National Employment Exchange Tool (NEXT) with a national job portal and conventional, apprenticeship and high-tech skills training and national/international accreditation of TVET institutes. PMYSDP is the vehicle of change to empower youth and harness their potential for human development and the transformation of the future of Pakistan.

APPLY PROCEDURE/ TERMS & CONDITIONS

NAVTTC PM Youth Skill Development Program (PMYSDP) – Batch IV. The online admission form will be available at 7PM today.

For assistance please reach us at our toll-free number 0800-88866 (working days 9AM to 2PM)

http://candidate.navttc.gov.pk/home

#NAVTTC #skillsdevelopment #SkillsForLife

FWO Job Vacancies 2023 March

2023-03-07T01:23:00.005+05:00

FRONTIER WORKS ORGANIZATION 19 MARCH 2023 JOB VACANCIES
Applications are Invited from Pakistan. Nationals for the following positions in Frontier Works Organization (FWO):

You would more be able to visit official destinations of government divisions like FPSC, PPSC, SPSC, KPPSC, BPSC, NTS, PTS, OTS, NADRA, WAPDA, IBA-Sukkur, OGDCL, PEC, Sindh Jobs, Pakistan Jobs, STS, Siba Testing Service, Sindh Police, Sindh High Court, BISP, BISE, Bank Jobs, Civil Aviation Authority, FIA, FBR, NAB, NLC, PPHI, Sindh Revenue Board, Suparco locales for an employment opportunity and occupations openings which are problematic considering the way that you can't visit every one of these on reliable timetable.

JOB DETAILS

Apply Online:

Upload a CV to Apply for a Job

Date Posted:

Today

Category / Sector:

Classifieds

Newspaper:

Nawaiwaqt Jobs

Education:

Middle, Matric, Intermediate, Graduation, Masters, MPhil, PhD

Vacancy Location:

Pakistan

Organization:

FWO

Job Industry:

Security Jobs

Job Type:

Full Time

Expected Last Date:

19 March 2023

FWO Job Vacancies 2023 March was published on 01 May 2022 in the Daily Express Newspaper. FWO is presenting you with all of the skilled candidates for lots of opportunities. All must send their registration forms by May 6, 2022. All entries must be received. People having a Bachelor's or Master's degree are eligible for the roles listed above.

VACANT POSITIONS

Manager Marketing

(Male/Female)

Manager/

Deputy Manager

Contract

Deputy Manager

Finance

Deputy/ Senior

Assistant Manager

Deputy Manager

(Geologist)

Deputy Manager

(Geophysicist)

Senior Assistant i

Assistant Manager

(Geologist)

Assistant Manager

(Geophysicist)

Assistant Manager

Finance

(Male/Female)

Junior Manager

(Geologist)

Junior Manager

(Geophysicist)

GIS Expert

Consultant (Geologist)

Chief Surveyor

Manager Admin &

Logistics

Deputy Manager

(Geologist)

Deputy Manager

(Mining)

Deputy Manager

(Mechanical)

Water/ Slurry Pump Specialist

APPLY PROCEDURE/ TERMS & CONDITIONS

Interested candidates can apply online at http://career.fwo.com.pk latest by 19 Mar 2023
Detailed Job Descriptions are available on the above-mentioned portal site.
FWO may reject, postpone, cancel or make amendments to the whole or part of this advertisement.

Address: HR Directorate. Headquarters FWO. 509 Kashmir Road, RA Bazar. Rawalpindi.
Telephone: 051-9271336

JOB ADVERTISEMENT

Teacher A Role Model

2022-07-05T16:49:00.000+05:00

Teacher A Role Model

A teacher serves as a role model. He pays close attention to students’ academic development while placing equal emphasis on their personal development. Teachers can affect pupils’ attitudes, behaviours, and values. A teacher can motivate students to live meaningful lives.

Characteristic teachers serve as role models for telling the truth, carrying out tasks, earning and returning trust, respecting others, and living a moral life. A teacher communicates information, tradition, modern-day issues, and solutions to the pupils’ problems. In today's thought, we will consider various ways in which teachers can serve as role models.

Be humble.

A humble teacher can objectively analyse his performance, whether in classroom management or otherwise. They should take the time to listen to the students. A humble teacher understands his need to learn and 1s willing to change his way of thinking.

Be sympathetic.

It is difficult to teach with empathy. Sympathetic educators who pay attention to their students. They are aware of their student's personal and social conditions. They will have a grasp of the world’s complexities as well as the experiences of others. Empathy-based instruction will assist students in reducing anxiety and tension. It fosters a positive learning atmosphere.

Be organised.

Organizational skills assist teachers in maintaining classroom order and optimizing learning opportunities for their students. A teacher should be prepared with effective teaching and assessment methods. It helps students in sitting in their right spot at the proper time. Being organised aids in the improvement of teaching efforts.

Be knowledgeable.

A great teacher is extremely educated about the subject. Teachers who are knowledgeable in their field typically provide pupils with a solid practical basis. In class, they have greater communication abilities. Such abilities will allow pupils to interact more successfully with teachers.

Be active in extracurricular activities.

When instructors participate in extracurricular activities, they can positively impact students and form strong relationships with them. It assists students in expanding their social support networks and achieving positive outcomes.

A child's life is constantly impacted by their teachers. A teacher 1s a dynamic force. So, each teacher should strive to set an example for their students. Thank you so much. Best wishes for an eventful week ahead.

Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Accountant Job 2022

2022-07-02T19:40:00.003+05:00

Welcome to opulentjobs.blogspot.com You will find all information related to this job on this website. You can find here at “https://opulentjobs.blogspot.com” information on the latest job advertisements & vacancies from Pakistani newspapers like Jang, Dawn News, Express, Kawish, Nawa-E-Waqt, Duniya News, Nation, The News, Name Baat and Mashriq along with national & international scholarships.

You would more be able to visit official destinations of government divisions like FPSC, PPSC, SPSC, KPPSC, BPSC, NTS, PTS, OTS, NADRA, WAPDA, IBA-Sukkur, OGDCL, PEC, Sindh Jobs, Pakistan Jobs, STS, Siba Testing Service, Sindh Police, Sindh High Court, BISP, BISE, Bank Jobs, Civil Aviation Authority, FIA, FBR, NAB, NLC, PPHI, Sindh Revenue Board, Suparco locales for an employment opportunity and occupations openings which are problematic considering the way that you can't visit every one of these on reliable timetable.
JOB DETAILS

Apply Online:

Upload a CV to Apply for a Job

Date Posted:

1 July 2022

Category / Sector:

Classifieds

Newspaper:

Nawaiwaqt Jobs

Education:

Middle, Matric, Intermediate, Graduation, Masters.

Vacancy Location:

Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan

Organization:

Griffin Services Company

Job Industry:

Accountant

Job Type:

Full Time

Expected Last Date:

13 July 2022

Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Accountant Job 2022 was published on 01 July 2022 in the Daily Express Newspaper. Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University is presenting you with all the skilled candidates for lots of opportunities. All must send their registration forms by May 6, 2022. All entries must be received by May 1st, 2022 and May 6th, 2022. People having a Bachelor's or Master's degree are eligible for the roles listed above.

Applications in the prescribed format are invited from Qualified/Eligible Candidates of Sindh Domicile for the following position at Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad for the PSOP-approved Project Titled “Extension of Facilities at Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad”, on a pure project basis initially for one (01) year. Extendable for further period subject to satisfactory performance fulfilling the following criteria of the job specification. The application should be submitted along with the attested academic and other documents including Pay Order! Demand Draft of Rs.2000/- as processing fee in favour of the Director Finance, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad and should reach the undersigned before 13/07/2022. The prescribed application form can be downloaded from the website www. sbbusba.edu_pk/career or can be obtained from the Office of the Registrar. Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University. Shaheed Benazirabad during office hours.

VACANT POSITIONS

Qualification:

At least 2™¢ class Master's Degree in MBA
(Finance)’ M.Com from HEC recognized
University/Institution or Professionally
Qualified Accountant.

Experience:
At least 05 years of relevant working experience
in University! Institute/ government’ Semi-
Govemment/ Autonomous Bodies or reputable
private organizations.
Preferences shall be given to those who
possess the relevant experience in
development projects.

APPLY PROCEDURE/ TERMS & CONDITIONS

Interested people may post /TCS CVs mentioning subjects and sections applied for the along with the testimonials and latest PP Size Photographs by 06 May 2022.
Only the shortlisted individuals should be called for the tests.
TA/DA is admissible.
Age can be relaxed based on the expertise and experience
Those candidates who are working in government/ Semi-Government/ Autonomous / Semi-Autonomous
Bodies should apply through the proper channel with Departmental Permission (NOC) and no Application
shall be entertained without submission of such NOC in this office within due date along with relevant experience certificates.
Only short-listed candidates will be called for a written test/interview.
University reserves the right to cancel all advertised post(s), partly or as a whole.
Incomplete application(s), in any manner, shall not be entertained.
Canvassing in any manner will disqualify the candidate.
No T.A/D. A will be paid for appearing in a written test/ interview.

JOB ADVERTISEMENT

7 Ways to Balance Your Love and Business

2022-06-28T16:48:00.006+05:00

7 Ways to Balance Your Love and Business

1. Your responsibility.

It is your responsibility to plan the relationship and make it work.

You bargain about time schedules, and it's your job to stick to them.

2. Your business plan involves your girl.

A business plan that's not involving your lady is worth jack shit.

If you don't want to involve her, close the relationship because she isn't the right one.

This only works when she is the absolute one.

3. Communication is king.

Without strong communication, it is not going to work.

When time and planning become essential, both of you need to communicate where things go wrong and right.

Hard work will affect your relationship dramatically. So communication is essential.

4. Listen to what she has to say.

Always listen carefully! This is so important to make it successful.

You must make up free time for meaningful conversations and listen carefully to everything she says.

Focus is excellent; listening is king.

5. Plan time together.

Make sure you plan specific and standard times together every week and never miss it!

This is the most essential cornerstone of all.

Free up your Sunday and spend first-class quality time.

Take her out, do nice things, and also be active.

6. If you make money, spend it with her.

Money is not worth anything unless you enjoy it together with your lady.

Spend it on quality time things like dinners, holidays, cinemas, days out, and all sorts of those things.

She makes sacrifices too to make you successful.

7. Make sure she supports you too.

Becoming a successful entrepreneur is a hell of a ride, and you need someone on your side who goes all the way with you.

You are in this together, hand in hand.

Full form of mostly asked terminologies in CSS Exam

2022-06-28T16:08:00.002+05:00

» B. A. — Bachelor of Arts.
» M. A. — Master of Arts.
» B.tech - Bachelor of Technology
» B. Sc. — Bachelor of Science
» M. Sc. — Master of Science
» B. Sc. Ag. — Bachelor of Science in Agriculture
» M. Sc. Ag. — Master of Science in Agriculture
» M. B. B. S. — Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery
» B.A.M.S- Bachelor of Ayurved Medicine and surgery
» M. D. — Doctor of Medicine
» M. S. — Master of Surgery
» Ph. D. / D. Phil. — Doctor of Philosophy (Arts & Science)

» D. Litt./Lit. — Doctor of Literature / Doctor of Letters
» D. Sc. — Doctor of Science
» B. Com. — Bachelor of Commerce
» M. Com. — Master of Commerce
» Dr. — Doctor
» B. P. — Blood Pressure
» Mr. — Mister
» Mrs. — Mistress
» M.S. — miss (used for female married & unmarried)
» Miss — used before unmarried girls)
» M. P. — Member of Parliament
» M. L. A. — Member of Legislative Assembly
» M. L. C. — Member of Legislative Council
» P. M. — Prime Minister
» C. M. — Chief Minister
» C-in-C — Commander-In-Chief
» L. D. C. — Lower Division Clerk
» U. D. C. — Upper Division Clerk
» Lt. Gov. — Lieutenant Governor
» D. M. — District Magistrate
» V. I. P. — Very Important Person
» I. T. O. — Income Tax Officer
» C. I. D. — Criminal Investigation Department
» C/o — Care of
» S/o — Son of
» C. B. I. — Central Bureau of Investigation
» G. P. O. — General Post Office
» H. Q. — Head Quarters
» E. O. E. — Errors and Omissions Excepted
» Kg. — Kilogram
» KW. — Kilowatts

Gm. — Gram
Km. — Kilometer
Ltd. — Limited
M. P. H. — Miles Per Hour
KM. P. H. — Kilometre Per Hour
P. T. O. — Please Turn Over
P. W. D. — Public Works Department
C. P. W. D. — Central Public Works Department
U. S. A. — United States of America
U. K. — United Kingdom (England)
U. P. — Uttar Pradesh
M. P. — Madhya Pradesh
H. P. — Himachal Pradesh
U. N. O. — United Nations Organization
W. H. O. — World Health Organization
B. B. C. — British Broadcasting Corporation
B. C. — Before Christ
A. C. — Air Conditioned
I. G. — Inspector General (of Police)
D. I. G. — Deputy Inspector General (of Police)
S. S. P. — Senior Superintendent of Police
D. S. P. — Deputy Superintendent of Police
S. D. M. — Sub-Divisional Magistrate
S. M. — Station Master
A. S. M. — Assistant Station Master
V. C. — Vice-Chancellor
A. G. — Accountant General
C. R. — Confidential Report
M. E. S. — Military Engineering Service

☀Full Form Of Some technical Words
» VIRUS - Vital Information Resource Under Seized.
» 3G -3rd Generation.
» GSM - Global System for Mobile Communication.
» CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access.
» UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunication System.
» SIM - Subscriber Identity Module.
» AVI = Audio Video Interleave
» RTS = Real-Time Streaming
» SIS = Symbian
OS Installer File
» AMR = Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec
» JAD = Java Application Descriptor
» JAR = Java Archive
» JAD = Java Application Descriptor
» 3GPP = 3rd Generation Partnership Project
» 3GP = 3rd Generation Project
» MP3 = MPEG player-3
» MP4 = MPEG-4 video file
» AAC = Advanced Audio Coding
» GIF= Graphic Interchangeable Format
» JPEG = Joint Photographic Expert Group
» BMP = Bitmap
» SWF = Shock Wave Flash
» WMV = Windows Media Video
» WMA = Windows Media Audio
» WAV = Waveform Audio
» PNG = Portable Network Graphics
» DOC =Document (Microsoft Corporation)
» PDF = Portable Document Format
» M3G = Mobile 3D Graphics
» M4A = MPEG-4 Audio File
» NTH = Nokia Theme (series 40)
» THM = Themes (Sony Ericsson)
» MMF =Synthetic Music Mobile Application File
» NRT = Nokia Ringtone
» XMF = Extensible Music File
» WBMP = Wireless Bitmap Image
» DVX = DivX Video
» HTML = Hyper Text Markup Language
» WML =Wireless Markup Language
» CD -Compact Disk.
» DVD - Digital Versatile Disk.
» CRT - Cathode Ray Tube.
» DAT - Digital Audio Tape.
» DOS - Disk Operating System.
» GUI -Graphical
User Interface.
» HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.
» IP - Internet Protocol.
» ISP - Internet Service Provider.
» TCP - Transmission Control Protocol.
» UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply.
» HSDPA -High-Speed Downlink Packet Access.
» EDGE - Enhanced Data Rate for Evolution.
» GSM- [Global System for Mobile Communication]
» VHF - Very High Frequency.
» UHF - Ultra high frequency.
» GPRS - General Packet Radio Service.
» WAP - Wireless Application Protocol.
» TCP - Transmission Control Protocol.
» ARPANET - Advanced Research Project Agency Network.
» IBM - International Business Machines.
» HP - Hewlett Packard.
» AM/FM - Amplitude/ Frequency Modulation

PST and JEST Recruitment Town wise Updated Status Vacancy Position

2022-06-17T19:20:00.003+05:00

Download the PSTs Recruitment Town wise Updated Status / Vacancy Position

Click Here to Download

Preposition, Verbs, Sentences and Pronoun Grammar

2022-06-13T01:58:00.005+05:00

Preposition, Verbs, Sentences and Pronoun Grammar

1. Preposition

Is a word that shows the relation between noun & pronoun and another word in a sentence.

For Example (In, at, for, by, on, to, towards, into, with)

Preposition Types

( Preposition of agent).

(By, with)

Is used is the cause of another thing in the sentence.

(By Shakespeare, by him, by her, with water)

(Preposition Types) Preposition of direction

(To, towards, into, through)

It describes the direction. For Example (He jumped into the river)

Preposition Types

Preposition of place

(In, on, at)

In: use for a boundary, physical (hall, car, school, building, Pakistan)

On: use for surface (table, roof, wall, map)

A: specific place (entrance, bottom of glass, edge of roof)

2. Pronoun Types

1. Personal Pronoun

The personal Pronoun stands for three people.

1st Person Pronoun

(I and we)

2nd Person Pronoun

(You)

3rd Person Pronoun

(He, She, They, It)

2. Reflexive Pronoun

(Himself, Herself Yourself Itself)

Are called Reflexive Pronouns.

3. Interrogation Pronoun

(What, Which, Who, Whose, Where, Why)

Are called Interrogation Pronoun.

4. Indefinite Pronoun

(Adding at the end Body, One, Thing)

3. Adjective

Is a word which adds something to the meaning of a noun.

Interrogative Adjective

(What, Which)

Demonstrative Adjective

(This, That, These, Those)

4. Sentence

A group of a word which makes complete sense.

For Example (She spoke the truth)

Simple Sentence.

A sentence which has only one subject.

For Example (He ran to school)

Compound Sentence.

A sentence is one made up of two or more principal.

For Example (The moon was bright and we could see our way)

Complex Sentence.

A sentence consists of one main clause and one more subordinate clause.

For Example (He welcomed us, fed us and gave us lodging)

5. Pronoun. is a word which is instead of a noun.

For Example (He, She, They, We, It)

6. Regular Verb

Those can be formed by adding "d" or "ed" at the end of the word.

For Example (laughed, liked, rolled)

7. Irregular Verb.

Are those who e do not add "d" or "ed"

For Example (ate, began, broke, bought)

8. Linking Verbs.

Don does not show an action it just Links the subject with a word.

For Example (become, appear, feel, look, remain, seem, grow)

9. Model Verb. are (Can, Could, May, Might, Must, Will, Would, Shall Should)

10. Minimal Pairs. are those which have different words but sounds are the same.

For Example (Alive - Arrive, Pin - Bin, Bet - Bed)

(Indefinite Pronoun). are thesit’sts ending on Body, One, Thing?

For Example (Someone, Somebody, Something, Anybody, Anyone, Anything, Nobody, No one, Nothing, Everybody, Everyone, Everything)

(Possessive Pronoun). are (Mine, Your, Hers Theirs)

(Reflexive Pronoun). those are (Himself, Herself, Yourself, Itself)

PMA All Past Academic Questions

2022-06-13T01:47:00.004+05:00

PMA All Past Academic Questions

: Objective Resolution Was Passed By? (Liaqat Ali Khan On 12 March 1949)

: Quran Pak Other Name? (Furqan)

: Montegu Chelmsford Reform Date? (1919)

: The Number Of Rivers In Balochistan? (7)

1) : Surah Name on Ant Is? (Numb)

2) : First Democratic Election in Pakistan? (7 Dec 1970)

3) : Baltic Countries? (Latvia, Finland, Poland, Germany, Russia etc.)

4) : Mirpur Report Date? (1938)

5) : Cabinet Mission? (1946)

6) : Cube Root of Unity? (1)

7) : Khalid Bin Waleed Accepted Islam in? (6 Hijri)

8) : Abu Sufyan Accepted Islam in? (8 Hijri)

9) : Hasrat Muazz Was Governer Of? (Yemen)

10) : The Inverse of Scalar Matrix? (Scalar Matrix)

11) : Sin180-x? (Six)

12) : Pak Celebrate Defense Day From? (1966)

13) : Old Name of Attack? (Campbell Purr)

14) : Pak Afghan Border Length? (2430 KM)

15) : Geneva Pact? (1988)

16) : Which Country Is Called Rising Sun? (Japan)

17) : How Many Agencies Are In FATA? (7)

18) : King Of Habsha’s Religion? {Armah (Najashi)}

19) : Most Deveoped Continent? (Europe)

20) : What Will Be Last Letter Of UTYEAB When You Arrange It? (Y)

21) : What Will Be Third Letter Alphabeticallu Arengement in “Management”? (G)

22) : If Yesterday Was Friday Then After Tomorrow Will Be? (Monday)

23) : How Many Months Have 31 Days In Year? (7)

24) : In A Room There Are Males And Females, If There Are 3/2 Male Then How

Many Females Are In The Room, When Room Contain 30 People? (10)

25) : Book Purchased In 30 Rs And Sold In 40 Rs Find The Profit In %? (33. 3%)

26) : Railway Minister? (Sheikh Rasheed Ahmad)

27) : Governer Sindh? (Imran Ismail)

28) : Lowest Point On Earth Is? (Challenger Deep)

29) : Jami ul Quran Title? (Hazrat Usman R.A)

30) : Biggest District Areawise In Pakistan? (Chagai)

31) : Who Wrote Loyal Muhammadan? (Sir Syed Ahmed Khan)

32) : China Pak Border Agreement Date? (2 March 1963)

33) : Where Pakistan Did Its Nuclear Test? (Ras Koh Hills In District Chagai)

34) : Pakistan 1200 Mile Border Length With Which Country? (Afghanistan) Confirm It

35) : Basel Is City Of? (Switzerland)

36) : Smallest Continent? (Australia)

37) : Highest Civil Award Of Pakistan? (Nishan e Pakistan)

38) : First Women Governer General? (Begum Raana)

39) : 2nd PM Of Pakistan? (Khuwaja Nazimuddin)

40) : Empty Set Is Known As? (Finite)

41) : Chaura Chauri Incident Date? (5 Feb 1922)

42) : Longest River Of Asia? (Yangtze)

43) : Saffah Means? (Top Of Mountain)

44) : Nisab of Gold? (7.5 Tola Or 84.87 Grams)

45) : 1857 Jung e Azadi Exact Date? (10 May 1857)

46) : Relation Of Hazrat Hamza With Holy Prophet PBUH? (Companion As Well As Paternal Uncle)

47) : “Prescribe” Synonym? (Order, Command, Dictate)

48) : Cube Root of -2? (-1.25)

49) : India Quite Movement? (8 August 1942)

50) : Kaleemullah Is A Title Of? (Hazrat Musa AS)

51) : Speaker of National Assembly? (Asad Qaiser)

52) : 90% of 90? (81)

53) : Old Name Of India? (Hindustan, Bharat or Bhartavarsha etc)

59) : Israel Was Title Of? (Hazrat Yaqoob AS)

60) : Which Place Connect Pakistan With Tajikistan? (Wakhan)

61) : Laat And Uzaa Are? (Idol)

62) : First Foreign Minister? (Muhammad Zafrullah Khan)

63) : Sindh Bombay Se Separate Karne Ka Mutalba Kiska Tha? {Muslims

(Muhammad Ali Jinnah 14 Points)}

64) : FIFA WC 2018 Winner? (France)

65) : President During 1956 Constitution? (Iskander Mirza)

66) : Quaid e Azam Left Congress In? (December 1920)

67) : Makkah Conquered? (8 Hijri)

68) : Mavakhat e Madinah Was Between? (Ansaar And Mahajareen)

69) : Asadullah Is A Title Of? (Hazrat Ali R.A)

70) : Quaid Date Of Birth? (25 Dec 1876)

71) : Nehru Report Date? (30 August 1928)

72) : Dark Continent? (Africa)

73) : Red Sea Is Also Known As? (Gulf Of Arabia)

74) : Capital Of Kyrgyzstan? (Bishkek)

75) : Who Separated Bengal In 1913? (Lord Curzon)

76) : Length of Pakistan Coast? (1046 KM)

77) : Badar Is A Name Of? (Village) (Meaning Of Badar Is “Full Moon”)

78) : The Largest Producer Of Carpet? (Iran¬)

79) : Sin 90°? (1)

80) : Abdul Salam Got Noble Prize In? (1979 in Physics)

81) : Srilanka Capital? (Colombo)

82) : Pak Aghan Border Name? (Durand Line)

83) : Who Gave The Idea of Pakistan? (Allama Iqbal)

84) : Which Was The First Book of Allama Iqbal? (Asrar e Khudi)

85) : First Hajj Offered In? (9 Hijri)

86) : What Was The Father Name Of Hazrat Usman? (Affan Ibn Abi Al’As)

87) : Which Is The Oldest City Of Pakistan? (Multan)

88) : Currency Of Turkey? (Lira)

89) : Land Of White Elephants Is? (Thailand)

90) : 1st Khalifa Of Islam? (Hazrat Abu Bakar R.A)

91) : First Pakistani Astronaut? (Namira Salim In 2009)

92) : First Governer Of Pakistan? (Muhammad Ali Jinnah)

93) : First War With India Over Kashmir? (1947–1948 Indo-Pak War)

94) : Tashkat Declaration? (1966)

95) : Badshai Mosque Was Built In Which Year? (1673 By Mughal Emperor

Aurangzeb)

96) : Largest Road of Pakistan Is? (N-5 National Highway)

97) : The Number of Idols Were In Khana Kaaba? (360)

98) : 2nd Largest Glacier In Pakistan Is? (Baltoro Glacier)

99) : "Now or Never"? (1933 By Ch. Rehmat Ali)

100) : When Pak Joined UNO? (30 September 1947)

101) : Holy Prophet Was Born In? (571 AD)

102) : Atique Is The Title Of? (Hazrat Abu Bakr R.A)

103) : 1st War Of Panipat Date? (21 April 1526)

104) : 1st Women Speaker of Balochistan Assembly? (Rahila Hameed Khan Durrani)

105) : Which Country Opposed Pakistan’s Membership In UNO? (Afghanistan)

106) : Which Angel Brings Revelations? (Hazrat Jibraiel AS)

107) : Capital Of Mangolia? (Ulaanbaatar)

108) : 2016 Olympics Kahan Hue? (Brazil)

109) : When Did Quaid e Azam Gave Delhi Pect? (1916)

110) : 48 Heads Of Hen And Cow Together And 140 Legs, How Many Hen Are There? (26)

111) : Sulah Hudabiya Date? (6 Hijri)

112) : Malala Ko Award Kis Liye Mila? (Peace)

113) : Tehreek e Khilafat Date? (Started In 1919)

114) : Ali was born___ 20 August,1997. (On)

115) : Strength Of Muslims In Ghazwae Badar? (313)

116) : Name Of First Book Of Ahadees? (Sahifa Sadika)

117) : Pakistan Joined Which Organization In 2017? {SCO (Shnghai Cooperation Organization)}

118) : Which Country Accepted Pakistan First? (Iran)

119) : First Moazzin Of Islam? (Hazrat Bilal R.A)

120) : Spell Check Key? (F7)

121) : Indus Treaty? (World Bank)

122) : Area Of Forests In Pakistan? {In 1990 (3.28%), Now (1.91%)}

123) : Yamama Kis K Doar Mein Hui? (Hazrat Abu Bakkar RA)

124) : Mostly Coal Is Found In Which Area Of Pakistan? {Thar (Sindh)}

125) : Zakat Made Obligatory In? (2nd Hijri)

126) : Daughters Of Prophet Muhammad PBUH? (4 Daughters)

127) : Most Mentioned Prophet In Quran? {Hazrat Musa A.S (Mentioned 135 Times)}

128) : Integral Of Cotx? (In |sin x| + C)

129) : Mother Name Of Hazrat Ishaac? (Hazrat Sarah)

130) : Pass Between Chitral And Afghanistan? (Dorah Pass)

131) : Muslims Came Back Without Fight In Which Ghazwa? (Tabook)

132) : Nearest Planet To Earth? (Venus)

133) : Pakistan Opposed India In Inclusion Of? (NSG)

134) : Measurement Of Earthquake? (Richterscale)

135) : Friction Is Maximum Between Tyres And Road During? (Hard Break)

136) : Ambassoder Of Common Wealth Countries Are Called? (High

Commissioner)

137) : Circumference Of Earth? (40,075 KM)

138) : IMF Functions? (Maintaining Balance Between Demand and Supply of Currencies)

139) : Pentagon is for? (USA Defence Offices)

140) : Sierra Leone Capital? (Freetown)

141) : In Ghazwa Ohad Which Leaded The Enemy Force? (Abu Sufyan)

142) : 1st Female Justice Of Balochistan High Court? (Syeda Tahira Safdar)

143) : Space Between Margin And Before Paragraph is Called? (Indentation) 144) : To Cut Useless Area Of Image Is Called? (Cropping)

145) : Text Styling In Word? (WordArt)

146) : NAM of 1955 In Which Country? (Indonesia)

147) : Saindak Project Is Producing? (Copper And Gold)

148) : Pak Parliamentary System Is? (Bicameral)

149) : Largest Oil Refinery Of Pakistan? (Pak-Arab Refinery Ltd)

150) : Purpose of WTO? (Regulation And International Trade)

151) : Vitamin To Heal Wound? (Vitamin C, Also Called Ascorbic Acid)

152) : Best Source Of Urgent Energy To Athlete? (Carbohydrates)

153) : If A Person Purchase A Book Of 500 And Sale It In 700 Find Percentage of Profit? (40%)

154) : When Pakistan Became A Member Of UNO? (30 Sep 1947)

155) : Jang-e-Furqan Kis Ko Kehty Hain? (Battle Of Badar)

156) : 2+2/2= (3)

157) : Ghazwae Ohad Mein Shaheed Hone Wale Muslims Ki Tadaad? (85)

158) : Pakistan Mein Electric Energy Ki Sabse Bari Source? {Thermal (Both Oil And Gas)}

159) : Location Of Iran With Respect To Pakistan? (West)

160) : Jange Yamama Mein Shaheed Hone Wale Muslims Ki Tadaad? (70)

161) : Date Of Publishing Of Cause Of Revolt? (10 May 1857)

162) : Objective Resolution Was Showed In Assembly On? (7 March 1949)

163) : Noun ''School" Can Be Replaced With? (It)

164) : SAFTA Stands For? (South Asian Free Trade Area)

165) : Strength Of Muslims in Battle of Uhad? (1000)

166) : How Many Articles Are In English? {Two ( A & The)}

167) : IMF Stands For? (International Monetry Fund)

168) : Founder Of Urdu Defence Association? (Mohsin Ul Mulk)

169) : How Many Times Name Of Hazrat Jibrael Is Mentioned In Quran ? (4 Times)

170) : Mount Olympus Is In? (Greece)

171) : Last Prophet Sent To Bani Israel? (Hazrat Eesa AS)

172) : France Curreny Before Euro? (Franc)

173) : What Is One Tenth Of 90? (90/10 = 9)

174) : What Is One Tenth Of 120? (120/10 = 12)

175) : Hazrat Bilal R.A Was Slave Of? (Ummaiya Bin Half)

176) : Mostly)@'@--- Articles Come Before?{Noun (i.e Singular Noun)}

177) : Literal Meaning Of Islam? (Voluntry Submission To Allah)

178) : In Class Of 1500 Students 1200 Are Present, Find The Percentage Of Present Students? (80%)

179) : In Class Of 500 Students 340 Are Present, Find The Percentage Of Absent Students? (32%)

180) : Akhuwat (Mawakhaat) Means? (Brotherhood)

181) : What is Hudabiya? {Treaty (Place)}

182) : Ziarat Is The Residency Of? (Quaid e Azam)

183) : Age of Holy Prophet PBUH as Fujjar? (15)

184) : Who Translated The Holy Quran In Urdu First? (Maulana Aashiq)

185) : Name Of China-India Border? (McMohan Line)

186) : Jihad Of Women Is? (Hijaab)

187) : They Are Three Brothers, Ali is __ Of The Three? (Cleverest)

188) : He Served Us __ Breakfast? (A Good)

189) : Where Are Salt Mines? (Khewra)

190) : Fattah Khyber? (7 Hijri)

191) : Namaz e Istasqa Is Offered For? (Rain)

192) : Jinnah Research Centre Was Established In The Year? (1991)

193) : Lahore Resolution Date? (23rd March 1940)

194) : 1st World War Ended In? (1918)

195) : Largest Island? (Greenland)

196) : OPEC Stand For? (Organization Of Petroleum Exporting Countries)

197) : Diamer Bhasha Dam Is On Which River? (River Indus)

198) : Jange Uhad Ka Maarka Kab Pesh Aya? (3 Hijri)

199) : Jinnah Research Centre Is Situated In? (Queen Maund Land, Eastern Antarctica)

200) : Name The Only Sahabi Mentioned In Holy Quran? (Hazrat Zaid Bin Haris RA)

201) : FSB Is A Secret Agency Of Which Country? (Russia)

202) : "Morals Of Quran Are Embodiment Of Holy Prophet (S.A.W)", Who Said

This? (Hazrat Ayesha R.A)

203) : Wazeere Khazana? (Asad Umar)

204) : Roohullah Is The Title Of? (Hazrat Esa A.S)

205) : Zaboor Was Revealed On? (Hazrat Dawood A.S)

206) : Length Of LOC? (740KM)

207) : Mangla Dam Is On Which River? (River Jehlum)

208) : Which Province Of Pakistan Is Called Babul Islam? (Sindh)

209) : Barri Doab Is Between? (River Ravi And Beas)

210) : Moaztain Surah Name? (Surah Al-Falak And Surah An-Naas)

211) : Which Surah Was Recited In Front Of Najashi? (Surah Maryam)

212) : Sea With Most Salted Water? (Dead Sea)

213) : Luknow Pact Was Between Which Parties? (Indian National Congress And Muslim League)

214) : Lengthiest Constitution? (Indian Constitution)

215) : Shah Walliullah Died In Which Year? (1762)

216) : Siachin Glacier Is Situated In Which Mountain Range? (Eastern Karakoram Range)

217) : If A Train Covers 120 Miles Per Hour. How Much Will It Cover In 12

Minutes? (38.4KM or 24 Miles)

218) : Which Surah Is Called The Heart Of Holy Quran? (Surah Yaseen)

219) : If Yesterday Was Monday Then What Will Be The Day After Tomorrow? (Thursday)

220) : 500 Students Are In A Class, 360 Are Boys, Find The Girls%? (28%)

221) : If A Helicopter Need 50 Gallons To Move 320 Kilometer. Then How Much

Gallons Helicopter Need If It Moves 400 Kilometer? (62.5 Gallons)

222) : Amjad And Ahmed Kept 24 Balloon, Amjad Kept Three Time More Then

Ahmed, How Much Amjad Kept? (18 Balloons)

223) : If A Train Covers 120 Km Per Hour, How Much Will It Cover In 18 Minutes? (36 Km)

224) : np2=20 Find Value Of n? (10)

225) : KANUPP In Karachi Was Built With Assistance From? (Canadian Assistance).

Other ARSC:

1. Total no of ghazwat.

A. 27(12 mentioned in Quran)

2. Capital kf somaliya is.

A. Mogadishu

3. Capital of Nepal is.

A. Kathmandu

4. Cabinet mission date.

A. 1946

5. Governor of yamen.

A. Bazaan ibne sasaan

6. Who wrote loyal muhammadian?

A. Sir syed ahmad khan

7. Saifullah is the title if?

A. Khalid bin waleed

8. 1999 nishan e haider holder.

A. Havaldar lalak jan, karnal sher khan

9. Islam means?

A. Peace

10. Tashkent declaration?

A. 10 jan 1966

11. 1965 war last for how many days?

A. 17 days

12. When did prophet migrated to madina

A. 13 nabwi, 622 AD

13. Rohtas fort is near?

A. Jhelum

14. Which pakistani woman and man climbed Mount Everest first.

A. Mirza ali or sabir nazir and samina baig

15. Olumpic is the air port of?

A. Greece

16. Capital of Malta is

A. Valletta

17. Tallest tower of Asia?

A. Oriental pearl TV

18. Tallest tower of the world.

A. KXJB TV

19. Name the Sahabi mentioned in quran.

A. Zaid Bin Haris RA

20. Meaning of badr is?

A. Full moon

21. Details about badr.

A. 17 ramzan 2 hijri 624 AD.

√. Abu jehl was opponent leader.

√. 313 muslims 950 kuffar.

14 muslims martyred 70 kuffar killed and 70 arrested.

√. Angel helped.

22. Details about uhd.

A. √. 5 shawal 3 hijri 625 AD.

√. Abu sufyan was opponent leader.

√. Hamza paternal uncle of prophet martyr in it.

√. Prophet teeth martyr in it.

√. 700 muslims 3000 kuffar.

√. 70 muslim martyred 20 kuffar killed.

√. Uhd is a name of a mount.

√. Uhd means commitment.

23. Abu sufyan accepted islam in?

A. After ghazwa hunaun and Fatah makka

24. Capital of uganda?

A. Kampala

25. Capital and currency of Australia ?

A. Camberra, dollar

26. Capital and currency kf Austria?

A. Vienna, euro

27. What is mariana trench?

A. Deepest area of earth and pacific ocean,deepest point is challenger deep.

28. Hazrat ayesha RA is the daughter of?

A. Abu Bakar RA

29. National flower of pakistan is?

A. Jasmine

30. Pak iran gas pipeline agreement?

A. 16 march 2010

31. Bangal seperated in?

A. 16 oct 1905 by lord curzon

32. Mi5 is the agency of?

A. Uk

33. Pound sterling is the currency of?

A. Uk

34. Bhasha dam is on river?

A. River indus

35. Which lake cover one full country?

A. Victoria

36. Cease fire agreement date?

A. 27 July 1949

37. Man made lake is?

A. Kenjhar in thatta

38. Natural biggest lake of pak? A. Mancher in dadu.

39. Umme kulsoom is the daughter of?

A. Muhammad PBUH

40. Details of quran?

A. 114 surah, 28 makki 86 madni, 558 rukooh, 6666 ayat, 14 sajda, 30 pary, 7 manzil

41. Who said life of prophet is practical of quran?

A. Ayesha RA

42. Who introduced islamization?

A. Abul ala maududi

43. Surah name on ant?

A. Naml

44. Zia ul haq was assassinated in?

A. Bhawalpur

45. IRDA means?

A. Insurance regulatory development authority

46. Bolan pass connects quetta wih?

A. Sibbi and Jecobabad or chaman

47. Holy prophet lived in madina for how many years?

A. 10 years

48. Largest lake of the world?

A. Caspian sea

49. Manchester lake is in?

A. Brisbane, Queensland Australia

50. Capital of Germany?

A. Berlin

51. Capital of qatar?

A. Doha

52. Sher shah suri was burried in?

A. Sasaram India

53. Red cross headquarters?

A. Geneva Switzerland

54. Lengthiest constitution of the world is?

A. India (444 articles)

55. Fateh makkah date?

A. 20 ramzan 8 hijri 630 AD

56. Largest island of the world?

A. Greenland

57. Name the Mother of Ismael AS?

A. Hajra

58. Name the mother or Ishaaq AS

A. Sarah

59. Gawadar port bought from?

A. Oman

60. First ghazwa of islam?

A. Widan

61. India of My dream is written by?

A. Gandhi

62. Biggest polo ground of the world is in?

A. Shandur top, Gilgit

63. How many players in Baseball?

A. 9

64. Other name of ghazwa badar?

A. Furqan

65. Tayyamum means?

A. Dry ablution

66. Meaning of Urdu in turkish language is?

A. Army

67. Which vitamin do we get by sunlight?

A. Vitamin D

68. Which country has no capital?

A. Nauru (It is also a shortest democratic country of the world)

69. Indus water treaty date?

A. 19 sep 1960

70. Bhauddin zakariya tomb is in?

A. Multan

71. Title of Hazrat Usman RA?

A. Zunnoreen or jamia al Quran

72. President of first constitution assembly of pakistan?

A. Quaideazam

73. Length or cricekt bat?

A. 38 inches

74. Aunt name of Holy Prophet SAW

A. Umme Hakim Binte Mutalib

75. Real name of Imam Bukhari is?

A. Abu abdullah Muhammad Bin Ismail

76. Highest peak of Hindu Kash range is?

A. Tirch mir

77. Shah jahan masjid is in?

A. Thatha

78. Bakra dam is on which river?

A. Sutlaj

79. Lowari pass connects?

A. Peshawar with chitral and Dir.

80. Foster sister name of Muhammad SAW?

A. Sheema RA

81. Cholistan desert is in?

A. Bhawalpur

82. Author of book "Hemlet" is?

A. Shakespare

83. Capital and currency of Algeria?

A. Algiers and Dinar

84. 2nd constitution of pakistan details?

A. √. Enforced on 8 june 1962 by Ayub khan. √. Abrogated on 26 march 1969 by Ayub khan

85. Where is shalimar bagh?

A. Lahorr

86. Faraizi movement was started by?

A. Haji shariyatullah khan

87. 1st constitution details?

A. √. Enforced on 23 march 1956 by chodhry muhammad ali √. Abrogated on 7 oct 1958 by iskandar mirza

88. Who is the author of conquest of happiness?

A. Batrand Russel

89. Badminton was discovered by?

A. British army officer in india

90. PEMRA stands for?

A. Pakistani Electronic Media Regulatory Authority

91. Capital and currency of Russia?

A. Moscow ans Rubble

92. Old name of attock is?

A. Combellpur

93. Jannat ul bakki is in?

A. Madina

94. How many seats are in senate?

A. 104

95. Which pass connects gilgit with china?

A. Khunjrab

96. Height of K2.

A. 8611 meter or 28,251 feet

97. Ali garh was given the status of college in?

A. 1977

98. Seats in national assembly?

A. 342

99. Hazrar maryam is the mother of?

A. Issa AS

100. What was the age of prophet when he put black stone? (Hujra aswad)

A. 35 years

101. Pakistan won champion trophy in which year?

A. 2017

102. Which picture is on the back of 5000 note?

A. Faisal masjid

103. When do we celebrate Kashmir day?

A. 5 fab

104. Pakistan capital shift to Islamabad in which year?

A. 14 Aug 1967

105. Who gave suggestion of sulah hidaibiya?

A. Muhammad SAW

106. Which surat start without bismillah?

A. Toba

107. Which surat has bismillah twice?

A. Naml

108. Name of book of choudhry rehmat ali?

A. Emergency of Pakistan

109. Benazeer was killed in which city?

A. 27 dec 2007 in Rawalpindi

110. 1st census held in pakistan in?

A. 1951

111. Who build kaaba originally?

A. Ibrahim AS

112. OPEC stands for?

A. Organization for Petroleum Exporting Countries

113. Who started mughal empire?

A. Zaheerudin Babar

114. Defence day?

A. 6 sep

115. Jahangir khan was player of?

A. Squash

116. CIA headquarters is in?

A. Langley mcLean Virginia US

117. Sah e sita books?

A. 6

118. How many aayat were in first wahi?

A. 5

119. Death angel?

A. Izrael AS

120. Balakot is on which river?

A. Kunhar river

121. Seats of woman in national assembly.

A. 60

122. Seats of woman in senate.

A. 17

123. Which party won election in 2008?

A. PPP

124. Islamabad is on which mountain range?

A. Margalla hills

125. Which area of pakistan is famous for illegal weapon in pakistan?

A. Dera adam khel

126. Headquarters of IMF and world bank in?

A. Washington DC US

127. Texila is in which district?

A. Rawalpindi

128. Muslim Bagh is famous for?

A. Chromite

129. First woman shaheed of islam?

A. Sumaiyah binte khabbat

130. Ran of kach boundry is also called?

A. 24 parallel lines

131. Father name of Hazrat Ibrahim AS

A. Aazar

132. First US president to visit pakistan?

A. Dwight D Eisenhower

133. Kalabagh is in?

A. Mianwali

134. Tribe of Hafsha RA

A. Banu Adi Quraish

135. Tribe of Hazrat Khadija

A. Banu Asad Quraish

136. Son name of Zakariya AS

A. Yahya AS

137. Which pass connects Kohat and Peshawar

A. Kohat Pass

138. Where is Zardak peak?

A. In Kirthar Range Sindh

139. Length of Indus Highway

A. 1264 km

140. Length of Mariana Trench

A. 2500 km (70 km width)

141. Who won 2003 cricket world cup?

A. Australia

142. Heidelberg is in?

A. South Western Germany

143. Tomb of bhulle shah is in?

A. Kasur

144. Grandmother name of Muhammad SAW?

A. Fatima(Paternal) Barrah(Maternal)

145. CPEC was signed by?

A. Nawaz sharif and Xi Jinping

146. Which US president visit pakistan after 1965 war?

A. Lyndon B johnson

147. Jinnah Barrage is located on?

A. Indus River

148. 1st battle of Pani pat

A. 21 april 1526 between Babur (winner) and Ibrahim Lodhi

149. 2nd battle of Pani Pat

A. 5 Nov 1556 between Akbar (winner) and Hema Chandra

150. 3rd battle of pani pat?

A. 14 jan 1761 between Ahmad shah durrani/abdali(winner) and Sadashiv Rao Bhau

151. Battle of plassy was fought in?

A. 1757 between siraj ud daula and Clive (winner)

152. Bhauddin zakariya tomb is in?

A. Multan

153. Who established bait ul mal?

A. Ali RA

154. Ibrahim AS had how many children?

A. 13 children or 2 sons

155. Battle in which Muhammad SAW didn't participate?

A. Saria

156. Which battle was first non arab war?

A. Mutta

157. Nisab or zakat on silver?

A. 612.36 gram or 52 tola

158. Israel is the title of?

A. Hazrat Yaqub AS

159. Kissing hajr aswad us called?

A. Istalam

160. First institution of islam is?

A. Suffah

161. Masjid hanif is located in?

A. Mina

162. Jaabi means?

A. One who collects zakat

163. First collection of hadees is?

A. Sahidah e saadiqa

164. Makkah conquered after which ghazwa?

A. Hunain

165. Cripps mission was held in?

A. 1942 by sir stafford cripps

166. Shimla conference was held in?

A. 1945

167. Titu meer is the son of?

A. Abida ruqayya khatoon and syed mir hassan ali

168. Pakistan joined OIC in?

A. 1969

169. Jabl e noor is in?

A. Makkah

170. Head Quarters of World Common Wealth is in?

A. London UK

171. Lactation period of buffalo?

A. 305

173. Capial of Argentina?

A. Bonus Aires

174. Rickets desease is caused by?

A. Lake of vitamin D or calcium 175. Terminating decimal is called? A.

176. Indian council act is known as? A. Morley minto reform date?

177. Largest organ of UN

A. General Assembly

178. When was sui gas discovered?

A. 1952

179. Name of attomic bomb which was thrown on Nagasaki?

A. Fat man or little boy

180. Pakistan became member of UN on?

A. 30 sep 1947

181. Hazrat bilal RA was the slave of?

A. Ommaya bin khalf

183. Sofia is the capital of?

A. Bulgaria

184. Kahuta laboratories made in the government of?

185. Which surat is called uroos ul quran?

A. Rehman

186. Kip is the currency of?

A. Laos

187. Land between peshawar and Rawalpindi

A. Gandhara

188. Hunter par hunter book written by?

A. Sir syed ahmed khan

189. Strait between greenland and iceland?

A. Denmark strait

190. Capital of Bhutan

A. Thimpu

191. Ghazwa tabook was against?

A. Roman

192. Afghanistan is seperated from pakistan by which mountain range?

A. Hindu kash range

194. Panama lake connects caspian sea with?

195. Sindh seperated from mumbay in?

A. 1 apr 1936

196. Father name of usman RA?

A. Afan ibne abi alas

197. Jinnah vission of pakistan book written by?

A. S Mehmood

199. Currency of Vietnam city?

A. Vietnamese dong

200. Who founded baghdad?

A. Al Mansur

ARSC karachi :

1. World Trade organization headquarter is in?

A. Geneva Switzerland

2. Capital of Bahrain?

A. Manama

3. Largest water fall of the world?

A. Angel falls

4. Wife names of prophet muhammad

A.1.Khadija 2.Sowda 3.Aisha 4.Hafsha 5.Zainab binte khuzayma 6.Salma 7.Zainab binte jahsh 8.Maimoona 9.Javeria 10.Safia 11.Rehana (2 divorced asma binte nauman and amra binte yazid)

5. A discipline divided book written by?

A. Gabriel Almond

6. Daughter name of prophet.

A. 1.Fatima 2.Zainab 3.Ruqayyah 4.Umee kulsoom

7. Only pakistani woman to climb top 5 peaks of the world?

A. Samina baig

8. Area between river ravi and beas is called?

A. Bari doaba

9. How many rivers flow in punjab?

A. 5 (jhelum, chenab, beas, sutlaj, ravi)

10. Biggest river of pakistan is?

A. Indus river (3180km)

11. Jhelum and chenab meets at?

A. Trimmu muzaffar garh

12. Shortest river of pakistan is?

A. Ravi(720km)

13. How many rivers in balochistan?

A. 7 ( Dusht, Hub, Zhob, Hingol, Mula, Bolan, Nari)

14. Jehlum and sutlaj meet near?

A. Punjnab

15. Area between chenab and Jehlum ? A. Chaj doab

16. 2013 Olympic athletics was held in?

A. UK

17. Largest lake inside a country is?

A. Lake superior

18. Largest mountain of balochistan plateau is?

A. Zarghun ghar

19. City of college of arts of pakistan?

A. Lahore

20. Intelligence agency MOSSAD was established in which year?

A. 13 dec 1949

21. Liaqat nehru pact was signed in?

A. 8 apr 1950

22. When holy prophet 1st journey to madina?

A. 13 nabwi 622 AD

23. Multiplicative identity of complex number?

A. 1

24. Battle of khyber was against?

A. Jews

25. President of 1st constitution assembly of pakistan?

A. Quaideazam

26. Who was defeated in battle of plassy?

A. Clive defeated siraj ud daulah at plassy in 1757 and captured calcutta

27. Namaz was ordered how many times in islam?

A. 700

28. Afghanistan is seperated from pakistan by which mountain range?

A. Hindu kash range

29. Gandara is located in?

A. Peshawar between sawat and potohar valley KPK

30. Whitly mountain?

A Appalachian Mountain Range US

31. Real name of imam bukhari.

A. Abu abdullah Muhammad bin ismail

32. UN has how many official languages?

A. 6 (arabic, chinese, english, french, russian, Spanish)

33. Relation of hazrat safia with Muhammad SAW?

A. Wife

34. Karbala happened in which hijri?

A. 10 muharram 61 hijri 680 AD in iraq

35. Warsak dam is in which city?

A. Peshawar 36. Snake bite acid is? A.

37. Athletes 2018 Olympic held in?

A. South korea

38. Imran khan attended first china international import expo(CIIE) in?

A. 2018 in Shanghai

39. Bangladesh came into being on?

A. 16 dec 1971

40. PPP was established in?

A. Nov 1967

41. Pak join OIC in?

A. 1969

42. 2016 Olympic hosted by?

A. Brazil

43. Pakistan joined CENTO in?

A. 1955 and left in 1979

44. Basel is the city of?

A. Switzerland

45. Largest producer of carpet is?

A. Iran

46. Ali RA martyr in?

A. 21 Ramzan 40 hijri 30 January 661 AD

Important Topics

Desert and Mountain

1. Thal desert is located in?

A. Punjab between river indus and jehlum

2. Kharan desert is in?

A. Balochistan

3. Largest desert of pakistan?

A. Thar desert in sindh ( 17 largest desert of the world)

4. How many peaks are above 8000 height in pakistan?

A. 5

5. Highest peaks of pakistan are located in?

A. Karakoram located in pakistan and china

6. Highest peak of hindu kash range is?

A. Tirch mir (33 highest peak of the world)

7. Rakaposhi is in?

A. Karakoram range (27 highest peak of the world)

8. Highest peak of kirthar range is?

A. Zardak

9. Nanga parbat is in?

A. Himaliyas (9th highest peak of the world)

B. Lakes

1. Numal Lake is in?

A. Mianwali

2. Fort Minru Lake is in?

A. Dera Ghazi Khan

3. Saiful malook lake is in?

A. Naran

4. Hena lake is in

A. Balochistan

5. Wular lake is on which river?

A. Jehlum

6. Simly lake is in?

A. Islamabad

7. Salt water lake is in?

A. Balochistan

8. Hub lake is near?

A. Karachi

9. Rawal lake is in?

A. Islamabad

10. Kachura lake is in?

A. Skardu

11. Largest man made lake of pakistan?

A. Kenjhar lake in thatha sindh

12. Largest natural lake of pakistan?

A. Manchar in dadu sindh

C. Dams

1. Mirani Dam is in?

A. Balochistan

2. Warsak dam is on which river?

A. Kabul

3. Largest and oldest barrage of pakistan?

A. Sukker barrage

4. Oldest dam of pakistan is?

A. Warsak dam

5. Khanpur dam is on which river?

A. Haro

6. Tanda dam is in?

A. KPK

7. Bhasha and Kalabagh dam will build on?

A. Indus river

8. Ghazi brotha dam is on?

A. River indus

9. Bakra dam is on which river?

A. Sutlaj

10. Tarbela dam is on?

A. Indus in haripur Kpk

11. Mangla dam is on?

A. River jehlum

12. Junnah barrage is on?

A. River indus in mianwali

13. How many barrages are on river indus?

A. 6 (jinnah, guddu, chashma, sukkar, kotri, chaunsa)

D. Passes

1. Harnai pass connects?

A. Ziarat and loralai

2. Khunjrab pass connects?

A. Gilgit with china

3. Muztag pass connects?

A. Gilgil with hunza or Baltistan with yarkand (china)

4. Babusar pass connects?

A. Gilgit with abbatabad

5. Khojak pass connects?

A. Qila abdullah with chaman(afghanistan)

6. Tochi pass connects?

A. Bannu (Pakistan) and ghazni

7. Shandur pass connects ?

A. Gilgit with chitral

8. Shangla pass connects?

A. Uppar sawat and lower sawat

9. Malakand pass connects?

A. Peshawar and chitral

10. Lowari pass connects?

A. Dir, Peshawar and chitral

11. Khyber pass connects?

A. Kabul with Peshawar

12. Dorah pass connects?

A. Noristan (Afghanistan) with chitral

13. Dargai pass connects?

A. Mardan and malakand

14. Bolan pass connects?

A. Quetta with sibbi and Jecobabad or quetta with chaman or quetta with sindh plains

ARSC Karachi

1. Length of pak iran border?

A.909 km

2. Length Pak china border?

A. 523 km

3. Length of india border?

A. 2912 km

4. Length of pak afghan border?

A.2430 or 2252 km

5. HIT stands for?

A. Heavy industries texila in rawalpindi

6. Country with highest no of satellites?

A. America

7. Who made hazrat maaz governor of Yamen?

A. Muhammad SAW

8. Miraath means?

A. Riba free

9. Hazrat Asma relation with zubair RA?

A. Wife

10. Biggest lake of the world?

A. Caspian sea

11. Highest mountain range of balochistan.

A. Sulaiman range

12. Tribes of aus and khizraj were settled in?

A. Yamen

13. Longest lake of the world?

A. Tanganyika

14. Kashaf ul mahjab written by?

A. Data ganj bakhsh

15. Title of syed ul ansari?

A. Abu ayub amsari RA

16. Quaideazam residency is in?

A. Ziarat

17. Ghazwa in which angel helped?

A. Badr

18. Who is Sandiq Sanjrani?

A. Chairmen senate

19. 2nd PM of pakistan?

A. Khwaja Nizamuddin

20. Hazrat ismail is the son of?

A. Hazrat Hajra

21. Hazrat ishaaq is the son of?

A. Hazrat sarah

22. Shortest river of the world?

A. Roe river

23. Harappa is situated in?

A. Sahiwal on river ravi

24. Relation of Umme Kulsoom RA and Muhammad PBUH?

A. Daughter

25. Non cooperative movement during khilafat movement was started by?

A. Gaandhi

26. Hazrst hamza RA was martyr in ?

A. Uhd

27. Toraah revealed on?

A. Musa AS

28. Propher SAW migrated to madina in?

A. 13 nabwi 622

29. River jhelum and chenab meet on?

A. Trimmu, muzafar garh

30. Largest fort of pakistan?

A. Ranikot fort in thatha

31. Data Ganj bakhsh tomb is in?

A. Lahore

32. Qila bala hissar is in?

A. Peshawar

33. Tarbela dam is in?

A. Haripur, on river indus, KPK

34. Masjid e wazir is in?

A. Lahore

35. Bait ul muqaddas is in?

A. Masjid Aqsa jerushelum israel

36. Quran revelation duration?

A. 23 years or 22 years 5 months 14 days

37. Leader of jung e yamama?

A. Abu Bakar RA or khalid bin waleed

38. First battle of islam?

A. Widan or abwa

39. Seperation of bangal in?

A. 16 oct 1905 by lord curzon

40. Makkah conquered in?

A. 20 ramzan 8 hijri 630 AD

41. Where iss Moen jo daro?

A. On river indus Larkana

42. Height of K-2?

A. 8611 metre

43. The dividing discipline book written by?

A. Kalevi jaako holsti

44. The discipline dilemma book written by?

A. Roman lewis

45. Pak won 1992 world cup under captaincy of?

A. Imran khan

46. Acid of ant bite is called?

A. Formic or carboxylic acid

47. Biggest lake of the world?

A. Caspian sea

48. Buggest fresh water lake of the world?

A. Lake Mivhchigan huron or superior

49. Deepest lake of the world?

A. Baikal lake

50. Longest lake of rhe world?

A. Lake Tanganyika

51. 2nd caliph of Islam?

A. Umar RA

52. Khojak pass connects Qila Abdullah with?

A. Chaman afg

53. Jamrud pass connects Peshawar with?

A. FATA

54. How many farz in tayammum?

A. 3

55. Where is kalam valley?

A. Swat

56. Biggest district of pakistan by population?

A. Lahore

57. Biggest district of pakistan by area?

A. Chaghi balochistan

58. Biggest city of pakistan?

A. Karachi

59. When did India become nuclear state?

A. 11 may 1998

60. Hindi urdu controversy?

A. 1867

61. World largest polar desert?

A. Antartic

62. Khewra mine is in?

A. Pind dadan khan Jhelum

63. Sulah Hudaibiya?

A. 6 hijri 628 AD by Ali RA. Khalid Bin Waleed Accepted islam after it.

64. Where is permanent secretariat of SARRC?

A. Kathmandu Nepal

65. UN secretary general is appoint for?

A. 10 years

66. Manchester of pakistan?

A. Faisalabad

67. First muslims migrated towards?

A. Abbysinia

68. Sindh was take by british in?

A. 1843

69. Lack now pact in?

A. Dec 1916

70. Kharif crop?

A. Rice, miaze, sorgum, cotton

71. Pakistan become republic in?

A. 23 march 1956

72. China pak border formed in?

A. 2 March 1963

73. Plants get nitrogen from?

A. Soil

74. Pacific ocean and atlantic ocean joins at?

A. Cape Horn or suez canal

75. Peak of Pakistan?

A. K2

76. Who made Usman RA accept Islam?

A. Abu bakar RA

77. Birthday of Muhammad SAW?

A. 22 apr 571 AD

78. Muhammad means?

A. Praised

79. Ghazwa e Khandaq date?

A. Shawal 5 hijri 627 AD. (opposition leader abu sufyan. Muslims were 3000 and kuffar 10000. 2nd name ahzab

80. Ghazwa e Khyber date?

A. 7 hijri 629 AD

81. Who took government after Ayub khan?

A. Yahya khan

82. Who selects president?

A. Senate, National and provincial assembly

83. Saiful malook lake is in?

A. Naran kpk

84. Masjid e zarar built by?

A. Amir al rahib

85. Kirhtar range is in?

A. Sindh

86. Thal desert is in?

A. Punjab

87. Highest hadees book?

A. Sahi Bukhari

88. Oldest son of zaheer ud din babar?

A. Humayun

89. 1st US president to visit pakistan?

A. Dwight D Eisenhower

90. Area between two rivers?

A. Doab

92. Who wrote Jinnah of Pakistan?

A. Stanley Wolpert

93. Total ayat in Surat Bakarah?

A. 286

94. Wuzu means?

A. Islamic way of cleanliness

95. Longest river of pakistan?

A. Indus (3180km)

96. Largest polar desert of the world?

A. Antartic

97. Largest non polar desert of the world?

A. Sahara

98. Who said kashmir is the cap of pakistan?

A. Shaikh Abdullah or ch rehmat ali

99. Who made congress?

A. A OHume.

100. Who made redcliff?

A. Sir cyrill Redcliff

101. Karakoram starts from which city?

A. Hasan abdal or Abbottabad

102. Sulah Hudaibiya scribed by?

A. Hazrar Ali RA in 6 hijri 628 AD

103. First president of muslim league?

A. Sir agha Khan

104. Who found muslim league?

A. Nawab khwaja saleemullah in 1906

105. Hayat e jawaid is written by?

A. Altaf hussain hali

106. Taif worshipped which idol?

A. Uzza

107. Who nourished Muhammad SAW?

A. Halima RA

109. When congress ministries start?

A. 1937 to 1939

110. Title of Usman RA?

A. Jamiya al quran

111. How many tribes in madina?

A. 2

112. How many tribes in quraish?

A. 10

113. Daugher of usman and wife of prophet saw?

A. Hafsha RA

114. How many tribes in saudia?

A. 100

115. Construction of religious boundries book written by?

A. Harjot Oberio

116. Cutting of hair during hajj is called?

A. Halq or taqseer or tonsure or rami

117. 2020 kabaddi world cup won by.

A. Pakistan

118. Norowal is the district of?

A. Punjab

119. Which pass connects DI Khan and Gomal zam dam?

A. Gomal pass

120. Last wahi was revealed in?

A. 18 zul hajj 10 hijri

121. Cell which has no nucleus?

A. Prokaryotic

122. How many times pakistan won hockey world cup?

A. Four times.

123. Full name of Muhammad bin Qasim? A. Muhammad bin qasim al thaqafi.

124. Hazrat salma is the wife of?

A. Muhammad SAW

125. Chora chori incident date?

A. 5 fab 1922

126. Parda become compulsory in?

A. 4 hijri

127. 2nd name of ghazwa khandak is

A. Ahzab

128. Ghazwa khandak fought in? A. Shawal 5 hijri 627 CE.

129. Kuffar leader in ghazwa khandak?

A. Abu sufyan RA

130. How many muslims and kuffar were in ghazwa khandak? A. 3000 muslim and 10000 kuffar.

131. Ghazwa e tabook in?

A. 9 hijri 630 AD 30000 muslims fought against romans.

132. Roza become farz in ?

A. 2 hijri

133. Ghazwa khyber?

A. 7 hijri against jews

134. Jang e yamama in?

A. 11 hijri. Leader Abu Bakar RA or khalid bin waleed RA. 13000 muslims and

40000 kuffar. 70 hafiz shaheed

135. Ghazwa hunain in?

A. 8 hijri

136. Zakat become farz in?

A. 2 hijri

137. Namaz e janaza become farz in?

A. 2 hijri

138. Ghazwa motta in?

A. 8 hijri (first non arab war)

139. Azan become compulsory in?

A. 2 hijri

140. Hajj become farz in?

A. 9 hijri

141. Sharab prohibited in?

A. 6 hijri

142. Interest prohibited in?

A. 10 hijri

143. 2nd hijrat e habsha in?

A. 7 nabwi

144. Tayamum become farz in?

A. 4 hijri

145. Namaz become Farz in?

A. 10 nabwi

146. 1st hijrat e habsha in?

A. 5 nabwi

147. Zabur e ajam was written by?

A. Allama Iqbal

148. Who did civil disobedience in 1930?

A. Gandhi and Abdul Ghaffar Khan in Peshawar

149. Hamza baba is the poet of?

A. Pashto

150. Which continent has only one country?

A. Australia

151. Head Quarter of World Food Organization?

A. Rome Italy

152. NATO was signed in?

A. 1949

153. First railway track was established in?

A. Karachi and Kotli

154. Non permanent member or security council serves for?

A. 2 years

155. Capital of Sweden?

A. Stockholm

156. Instrument used to measure altitude of sun?

A. Sextant

157. Nobel price ceremony started from which year?

A. 1901

158. If e>1, the it is equation of?

A. Parabola

159. Age of Muhammad SAW during migration?

A. 53 or 52 years

160. Jamrud fort is located near?

A. Peshawar

161. 1962 constitution has what kind of government system?

A. Presidential

162. Muhammad SAW mentioned in Quran?

A. 4 times

163. Nehru report published in?

A. 10 Aug 1928

164. Chief of Army staff in 1965?

A. General musa khan

165. Capital of Malaysia is?

A. Kuala Lumpur

166. Chief of army staff in 1971?

A. General Yahya khan

166. Capital of Indonesia?

A. Jakarta

167. Chief of army staff in 1999?

A. General pervaiz musharraf

168. Capital of Zambia ?

A. Lusaka

169. Length of river Indus?

A. 3180 KM

170. Capital of Hawai is?

A. Honolulu

171. Capital of Holland is?

A. Amsterdam

172. Capital of Hong Kong is?

A. City of Victoria

173. Capital of Honduras?

A. Tegucigapa

174. Capital of Haiti?

A. Port au Prince or Cap Haiten

175. Capital of Hungary?

A. Budapest

176. Capital of Holy See Is?

A. Vatican City

177. Montagu Chelmsford reform?

A. May or june 1918

178. Quaideazam 14 points date?

A. March 1929

179. Sharah of zakat on gold?

A. 87.48 gram or 7.5 tola

180. Age of prophet SAW in jang e juffar?

A. 15 years

181. WTO head quarter is in?

A. Geneva Switzerland

182. Biggest river of asia is?

A. Yangtze

183. Victoria desert is in?

A. Australia

184. Capital of Mongolia is?

A. Ulan batar

185. quaideazam left congress in?

A. 1920

186. League of nations found on?

A. 10 jan 1920 HQ in Geneva Switzerland 187. Egypt was conquered by?

A. Zulqarnain RA in era of umar RA

188. When did USSR destroy?

A. 26 dec 1991

189. Which country open fiest embassy in pakistan?

A. Egypt

190. Pak china border signed in?

A. 2 march 1963

191. How many farz in tayammum?

A. 3 farz

192. Kalam valley is in?

A. Sawat

193. Currency of vatican city?

A. Euro

194. Babusar pass connects?

A. Gilgit and abbatabad

195. Mantissa of log is always?

A. In Decimal

196. Biggest railway station of pakistan is?

A. Lahore

197. West pakistan was declared one unit in?

A. 5 oct 1955 by Iskandar Mirza or 1954 by Ch Muhammad Ali 198. How many farz in hajj?

A. 3

199. Line that intersect circle on one point is called?

A. Tangent (two points is called secant)

200. The only woman to climbed top 5 peak of the world is? A. Junko.

Women in Poverty

2022-06-09T02:09:00.000+05:00

As Pakistan goes through turbulent times in the political and economic

fronts, ladies sink deeper and deeper into financial condition. nobody appears to worry,

least of all those leaders WHO are chargeable for the general public chaos, the

economic uncertainty and insecurity they need created by their casual

stance on serious problems.

Tehrik-i-Niswan, whose commitment to the women’s cause has ne'er

slackened, has return to the fore in these crucial times. Last Friday, it

organised a ‘peace table’ on ladies living in financial condition. The Tehrik’s founder,

Sheema Kermani, set the stage for a significant discourse with a fascinating

musical performance in honour of girls. This was a big move. In

fact, Sheema’s role within the women’s movement in Pakistan has been quite

remarkable. She launched the Tehrik-i-Niswan in 1979 at a time once ladies

in Pakistan were in straits. The sharia law Ordinances, the chaadar and

chaardiwari and alternative such tools of oppression and suppression were being

used by information Ziaul Haq to crush ladies.

Creating the Tehrik proven to be a wise move. Its goal was the liberation of

women and therefore the medium used was music. Music is universally acknowledged

to have a deep impact on the psyche and may be a powerful medium for mobilising

people for resistance. Sheema features a brave record of recreation for defiance.

She has continuing to guide this method of general modification for over

three generations.

Why a peace table? this idea was initiated by some world ladies

claiming that ladies play the role of peacemakers and have their own

inclusive perspective on problems in times of conflict. they need to be enclosed in

peace negotiations. in this context, Friday’s event was vital. It had an

array of girls speakers WHO affected and galvanized — Azra Sayeed, Tahira

Abdullah, and Hoorunnisa Palijo. They confident America that ladies policy is as

alive these days as ever before.

Today, 75pc of these living below the personal income ar ladies.

The peace table was so timely. With numerous ladies currently visible within the

media and on the political stage, we have a tendency to tend to forget that the very

disadvantaged among them aren't even visible tho' they represent a

huge variety.

Unemployment, food insecurity, ill health, illiteracy, denial of procreative

health rights and violence have driven ladies to financial condition. Today, seventy five per cent

of those living below the personal income ar ladies WHO ar exploited and

oppressed. The speakers arranged out these facts. With activists like Veeru Kohli

around nothing was left unexpressed.

What next? not like earlier apply, an inventory of demands was mixed up and

circulated. They principally targeted on registering and documenting women’s

contribution to the economic system and society. this may need

calculating the value otherwise by taking into consideration women’s unpaid work

and disaggregating by sex all statistics associated with labour and financial aid.

Then there's the demand to revitalize the primary ladies Bank that was

launched by Benazir Bhutto in her 1st term as prime minister and was

providing helpful services to ladies. It principally supported women-initiated

projects.

Some of the stress repeat the rights of girls that have long been

ignored, like guaranteeing women’s access to assets and possession of

property. The list enclosed the demand for the registration of women-headed

households.

The list of demands confirmed a healthy shift within the orientation of the

women’s movement within the last seven-plus decades. beginning out by

performing acts of charity and philanthropic gift, the women’s movement

developed within the next stage as a drive to coach ladies and provides them

awareness concerning themselves. That was the conscientisation of girls to

create awareness of their own potential. This was the primary step towards the

empowerment of girls by getting ready them to enter the men.

Thereafter, it's been the part of consolidation, confirmation and winning

public acceptance.

This method shouldn't be underestimated given the actual fact that because the

movement grew, a backlash was created by the woman hater, trickster and

patriarchal section of society. Since by then enlightened and progressiveminded men had become an area of the feminism, feminism began to

lose its gender hue.

Some of the stress for the registration and documentation of women’s

economic activities return at an important time. this can be the time once the requirement for

documentation of the economic system is being seen as a ‘must do’ live

that will be most timely.

PS: Isn’t it strange that within the current disturbance within the country these days, women

have no voice in decision-making? the ladies WHO ar seen on tv ar

either party spokespersons or party leaders principally guarding their family’s

political bequest. they are doing not have associate freelance position of their own.

Where is that the women’s parliamentary caucus that had been established within the

National Assembly over a decade ago? it's in times of such

polarisation that women’s voices ar sadly missing.

The Writer is Zubeda Mustafa

History of Pakistan from 1857 to 1973 Constitution

2022-06-08T22:19:00.004+05:00

History of Pakistan from 1857 to 1973 Constitution

Causes of the War of Independence

There were many causes of the war of independence 1857, that can be divided into the following,

i. Political

ii. Religious (English government banned Satti (the Hindu practice of burning the widow along with the dead body of her husband) and allowed the widows to remarry. Which hurts Hindus a lot.)

iii. Military (Whenever the English annexed any state of India into their domain they dismantled its army and disemployed the local soldiers)

iv. Economic (During the rule of the Mughals, not only the Muslims but also the Hindus would be appointed to all important positions but by the English, the Muslims and the Hindus both were deemed as untrustworthy and consequently all the higher posts were held by the White men. )

v. Social causes

The East India Company was aiming to annex all the states of India like Avadh, Tanjore,

Jhansi, Satara, etc. That’s why they introduced systems like Doctrine of Lapse by which Indian states could be taken over by the Company in case the ruler is incompetent or there is no male heir to the throne of the state.

The Doctrine of Lapse was an annexation policy purportedly devised by Lord Dalhousie, who was the Governor-General for the East India Company in India between 1848 and 1856.

The Company also declared that after the death of the then Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar, his family had to move out of the Red Fort and his successors were also forbidden to use the title of emperor.

There was also an immediate cause that coerced the Indians to go to war. In the words of the Lord

Canning, Lawrence and Syed Ahmed Khan it was, indeed, the most significant cause. For a new Enfield rifle introduced in the early period of 1857 (23 January 1857), the cartridges were covered with some animal fat that was supposed to be either of cow or a pig. Before using these cartridges they were to be cut by teeth. Since the cows were sacred for the Hindus and pigs were haram for the Muslims both of them refused to carry such rifles. But their English officers used force that offended the Hindus and Muslims alike and thus all these causes instigated the war in India which we call the War of Independence 1857.

War Of Independence (1857)

Indian rebellion, the Indian mutiny, Indian revolt.

It was an extreme effort made by Indians, but they failed due to certain reasons including lack of communication, lack of planning, lack of central leadership etc.

The Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar (Mirza Abu Zafar Siraj Uddin muhammad) was captured in September 1857, his two sons and a grandson were shot dead before his eyes and he was sent to Rangoon where he died in the year November 1862.

Though the revolt was unsuccessful, the spirit of the people remained unshaken. The revolt left an impression on the minds of the Indian people and thus paved the way for the rise of a strong national movement.

Aftermaths of the independence war

The Mughal rule came to an end with the dethroning of the last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar. He was arrested during the war and sent to Rangoon, Burma where he was sentenced to life imprisonment.

The British Charter of 1852 stated that the government of India was entrusted to the Company by the English crown. And since the war had left the impression that the Company was no longer capable of keeping it safe, the government of India was personally taken over by the Queen of England who would appoint a Viceroy in India to represent the crown. The Board of Directors and the Board of Control of the Company were dissolved and instead, a council of fifteen members was appointed with the Secretary of State for India as its head.

Another point the crown had realized was the obvious mistrust between the Company and the local landlords. The unlawful and corrupt activities of the Company in capturing all the land of India and its resources had enraged the lords of India who collaborated with the revolutionaries. Thus contrary to the policy of the East India Company the crown tried to develop a relationship of trust and confidence with the Indian masses. It was assured that England was no longer interested in capturing the Indian land anymore and that in the future all the agreements signed with the Indian lords would be duly acknowledged. The heirless rulers were also given free hand to adopt males as their successors. The motive was to eventually gain their trust and support

The crown believed that primarily the Muslims had initiated the revolt against British rule. For that reason, they put all the blame on the Indian Muslims and took most of the revenge from them. Most of the Muslims in the government services were dismissed. Except for the betrayers all the

Muslims were ruthlessly looted and killed. The Muslims in repulsion also utterly disgusted the British and rejected not only the White people but also all the new things that were introduced by them. They kept themselves quite aloof from modern education and thus remained awkwardly uneducated and unfortunately backward. The Hindus on the other hand joined hands with the new government and became well-educated and prosperous. Muslims thought that although Hindus fought with them it was only the Muslims who were paying the price. This gave rise to the two-nation theory.

Government of India Act 1858

After this war, the British policy towards Indians changed drastically, to address the grievances of the Indian population a new Act was introduced in India by the Crown in 1858. The Act was passed by the British Parliament on 2nd August 1858. The Main Provisions of the Act of 1858 were as follows:

i. The rule of the British East India Company was abolished and the Government of India was directly taken over by the Crown with Queen Victoria as the supreme monarch.

ii. The Crown was empowered to appoint a Governor-General and the Governors of the Presidencies.

iii. The Court of Directors and the Board of Control were abolished and their place was taken over by the Secretary of State for Indian Affairs and the India Council.

iv. Extensive powers were given to the Secretary of State for Indian Affairs and the Indian Council consisted of 15 members. The Council was made to assist him but only had an advisory role.

v. The people of India were promised their rights by Queen Victoria under this Act. Complete freedom of religion was ensured and gradual participation in the administration of the country was also proclaimed.

vi. Pardon was given to all the Indians except those who had killed British people. The Act said that the princes of the states could retain their former status and all agreements with the princes will be honoured.

vii. Doctrine of Lapse was discarded under this Act.

According to this Act the Secretary of State for Indian Affairs was given extensive powers. He was not answerable to anyone. He could do whatever he wants to do. Neither Parliament nor Indian Council could bind him for taking any action; both of these institutions were not given the power to put limits on his extensive powers. Moreover, the promises that were made by Queen Victoria were never fulfilled by her. The Indian people were not given the due rights that were promised to them under this Act.

Government of India Act 1861

The Indian Councils Act 1861 was introduced because the British Government wanted to involve the Indian people in the process of lawmaking. This Act was passed on 1st August 1861. Its main provisions were as under:

i. The Executive Council of the Governor-General was extended. It was decided the members of his council should not be less than 6 and no more than 12 in number. These members were called the Additional Members of the Executive Council and were not given any significant power with regard to legislation.

ii. Governor-General was empowered to nominate the Additional Members for 2 years and half of the members must be non-official.

iii. It was decided that from now Commander-in-chief would be appointed as an extraordinary member of the Executive Council.

iv. Any bill and regulation passed by the Provincial Council could not become law until and unless Governors and the Governor-General gave their assent for the bill and regulation. Under this Act, the Governor-General was empowered to issue ordinances.

v. Limited powers of legislation were given to the Presidencies of Bengal and Madras and the Governor-General was empowered to create similar councils for the provinces of Frontier and Punjab.

The biggest drawback of the Act was regarding the selection and the role of the Additional Members. These members did not take part in the discussions and their role was only advisory. The non-official members of the Executive Council were not interested in attending the meetings of the Council, moreover, under this Act, they were not bound to attend them either. The Indian members were not eligible to oppose any bill and most often the bills were passed in one sitting without discussion.

Urdu-Hindi Controversy (1867)

The Urdu language was born in India. India was considered to be a golden sparrow in terms of its fertile land and manpower. That’s why lots of invaders came to occupy it for different purposes. People like Arabs, Persians and Turks etc. when mingled with the native people exchanged many words of their languages and thus with this mingling, a new language emerged which was termed Urdu, meaning the “language of the troops.” Since it was formed by the invaders of the Muslim world and emerged during the rule of the Mughals in India, it was termed the language of the Muslims and that is why initially it was called Musalmani. Since it was a popular language so in 1837, Persian was replaced by Urdu as the court and the state language, and no one objected to that.

With the fall of the Mughal Empire, Hindus, however, started looking at Urdu as the language of the invaders. The British on the other hand, in their disregard for Muslims, adopted the same attitude.

Thus both intentionally started their efforts to get rid of the language of the Muslims.

The first effort was made at the start of the nineteenth century in 1809 (but Urdu was extremely popular in the subcontinent at that time) when a new language was formed with the name Hindi in which words of pure Arabic, Persian and Turkish were removed and replaced by Sanskrit words.

In 1867 the Hindus of Banaras presented a request to their government regarding the replacement of Urdu with Hindi, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan at that demand remarked that "when even the language of a nation is not safe at the hands of other nations in a region, it would be unwise to continue living with them". So Sir Syed, who was in fact a great advocate of Hindu-Muslim unity before that incident, started focusing on the cause of Muslims alone which lead to the thoughts of the two nation theory.

In 1871 the Lt. Governor of Bengal G. Cambell banned Urdu in the province at all levels, courts, administration and even schools. In 1882 during the visit of the Hunter Commission, a commission formed by the English government to analyze the spread of modern English education in India, Hindu organizations again tried to attack Urdu. They held meetings with its chairman, Dr Hunter and tried to force him to admit Urdu as the foreign language and to promulgate Hindi, the native language, for educational purposes. But in this mission, they remained unsuccessful due to the constant efforts of Sir Syed and his comrades.

Later on when Anthony MacDonnell (Pro Hindu/Antimuslim) became the governor of UP in 1900. He dismissed Urdu as the official language of UP, which was in fact considered to be the home of Urdu language and declared Hindi the official language of the province.

Sir Syed’s successors at Aligarh, mainly Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk, the then Secretary of the Aligarh

Trust, took action against MacDonnel’s act. He called for a popular gathering of the supporters of Urdu at Aligarh and openly condemned the governor’s work. He also founded Urdu Defense Association and it was decided that the association would take action against the doings of the governor. At that MacDonnell got angry and threatened Mohsin-ul-Mulk that if he continues his aggression against the doings of the government MacDonnell would see to it that Aligarh would cease to get government grants. As the grants were necessary for the institution and Mohsin-ul-Mulk could not part himself from the defence of Urdu, in order to save AligarhCollege he resigned. But since he was dearly beloved to all of his colleagues and students he was forced to take back his resignation. But that did not stop him from defending Urdu and continued his efforts. The result of this Muslim response Urdu too along with Hindi was declared the official language of the province. But Mohsin-ul-Mulk was not satisfied with this outcome and continued his struggle. When UP got rid of MacDonnel, he founded another association called Anjuman-e-Tarraqi-e-Urdu to counter all future attempts of the Hindus and the English against Urdu.

Aligarh Movement

After 1857, the Muslims emerged as a backward nation; they were illiterate and hopelessly ignorant in every walk of life. They were deprived of their basic rights and were neglected in every sphere of life. Sir Syed started a movement in order to give respectable position to Muslims in society as they had in past, this movement is known as Aligarh Movement. The main focus of the Aligarh movement was:

i. Loyalty to British Government.

ii. Modern western education for the Muslims to compete with Hindus.

iii. To keep away the Muslims from politics.

He believed that the cure of every problem of Muslims was the modern education. Therefore, in

1859, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan set up a school for Muslims in Muradabad where English, Persian,

Islamiat, Arabic, Urdu were compulsory subjects. In 1862, Sir Syed was transferred from Muradabad to Ghazipur where he established another school for Muslims, which was known as Madrass Ghazipur.

In 1864, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan laid the foundation of a scientific society at Ghazipur. The purpose of this society was to translate the English books into Urdu language. But, later on, in 1866, after his transfer to Aligarh, the main office of the scientific society was also transferred to Aligarh. In 1866, the scientific society issued a journal named as Aligarh Institute Gazette. This journal was published both in Urdu and English languages. The aim of this journal was to wash away the misconception between Muslims and British government and brought them close to each other. In 1866 sir syed also laid the foundation of british india association, to convey the point of view of indians to the british parliment.

In order to closely watch the educational system of England, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan accompanied his son Syed Mehmud, visited England in 1869 and stayed there for seventeen months studying English educational institutions like Oxford and Cambridge University. Later, after his return to India, he set up a committee known as “Committee Striving for Educational Progress of Muslims”. Under this committee another committee was established named as “Fund Committee for the establishment of a Muslim College” and Sir Syed was selected the secretary of the both committees. For this purpose, Sir Syed toured across the country and collected funds for the establishment of college. Hence, in 1875, Sir Syed established Mohammedan Anglo Oriental School at Aligarh. In 1877, the school was upgraded to the level of college which was inaugurated by Lord Lytton. The main characteristic of this college was that it offered both Western and Eastern educations. Later on, this college was raised to the level of university, after the death of Sir Syed in 1920.

In December 27,1886, Sir Syed set up an organization which is known as Mohammedan Educational Conference, It aim was to convey the message of education to the Muslim masses. The Conference held its sessions at different towns of the country to know about the educational problems and then tried to solve them. THE CONFERENCE ALSO ESTABLISHED WOMEN COLLEGE ALIGARH & LATER ON MUSLIM LEAGUE. The annual meetings of AIMEC were regularly held every year in different parts of the country. Sir Syed Ahmed acted as the secretary of the Conference till the time of his death. The holding of meeting every year under conference proved a great success for their required results. People from all-India gathered and sit together, to talk about their problems, solutions, and suggestions. This was the first and the only platform for the Muslims where they gathered for their united cause.

He also wrote “Loyal Muhammadans of India” in which he recorded a detailed account of the loyal services of the Muslims which they rendered to the British rulers. In 1870, Sir Syed, after his return from England, setup an organization known as “Anjuman-i-Taraqi-i-Muslamanan-i-Hind” in order to impart modern education to the Muslims of India.

Sir Syed wrote the philosophical commentary on Bible named as “Tabaeen-al-Kalam.” In which he draw out the similarities found between Islam and Chirstianity. He also wrote “Essay on the life of Muhammad” on the response to “Life of Muhammad”, written by William Muir, in which he had criticized the Holy Prophet. Sir Syed also wrote “Anjuman-i-Tariki-i-Urdu” for the protection of Urdu. Sir Syed published another influential magazine named as “Tahzib-ul-Akhlaaq” in which he discussed the Muslim society by criticizing the conservative way of living and emphasized on the new modern way of life.

Sir Syed, although, was the first Muslim member of Central Legislative Council, but he advised the Muslims to remain apart from politics unless and until they would get education.

Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband

Intervention in religious affairs of british government (Who were spreading christianity) compelled the Muslims to made a madrasa where the basic of religion to be taught. It was setup on may 30, 1886, also called ummul-madaris. This idea was given by Haji muhammad Hussnain Abid. Deobandi scholars had opposed the creation of Pakistan, on the religion basis by the demand of muslim league although the real reason of their opposition was the desire to Islamize all India.

Aims and objectives:

i. Providing comprehensive information to the Muslims about their religion and making arrangements for teaching of Quraan, Tafseer, Hadees, etc.

ii. Invoking the spirit of Islam among the students.

iii. Propagation and teaching of Islam.

iv. Preserving the freedom of thoughts and knowledge.

v. Establishment of Arabic institution for the propagation of Islam.

Anjuman Himayat-i-Islam (1884)

It was founded by Maulana Qazi Hamid-ud-Din in september 1884. The Anjuman was set up to achieve the following aims and objectives:

i. Providing for the religious and general education for male and female for Muslims students.

ii. Protection and propagation of Islamic values against the Christian missionaries and Hindu revivalists.

iii. To counteract the propaganda against Islam through speeches and publications.

Its motive was to save Islam for Muslims community. It tried to provide education for the Muslims of the sub-continent. This institution had a great impact on the Muslim community. The Anjuman had its own press and published on religious and literary topics. One important task was producing a correct text of the Holy Quran.

Nadvatul Ulema (1894)

Ali ghar movement was emphasizing on advanced westeren education , while dar-ul-uloom deoband was emphasizing islamic education for the muslims. So, there was a great need of the emergence of an institution that could deliver the two types of education at the same time and at one place. Thus for that purpose Nadva-tul-Ulama was founded in 1894 at Lucknow by Moulvi Abdul Ghaffar, who was working as the deputy collector for the British government of India. Institution was established in 1898 and classes started shortly after it.

Nadva witnessed the peak of its popularity when Maulana Shibli Naumani joined it in 1904.

However, there were some criticisms as well like the Governor of U.P Anthony MacDonnel, famous for his contributions in the Urdu-Hindi controversy on the Hindu side, criticized Nadva for being a part of political activity in the province. But after a few years the government too started patronizing Nadva and government grants were also issued to it. In 1908 Nadva’s grand building started constructing and the British government of U.P laid its foundations.

Abdul kalam azad also studied at this institute.

Congress & Muslims

A political party was formed in 1885, its founder was an Ex English CSP officer Mr. Hume. It was called the All Indian National Congress. Its first president was an Indian and Mr. Hume was its first general secretary.

On 28th December 1885 the first session of the Congress was held with 72 members among whom, 58 were Hindus of which only 2 were Muslims. Another Congress session held in 1894 there were 118 Hindu members of Congress and only 20 were Muslims.

In the last decade of 19th century, Congress and its policies became excessively biased and violent toward the Muslims. Inspite of these strict policies, Muslim politicians like Maulana Azad, Maulan Mohammad Ali Johar and even Mohammad Ali Jinnah were also in favor of united India and they believed that in spite of all the newly emerging Hindu-Muslim differences there was still the chance of their unity and that’s why they remained with the Congress.

That’s why Jinnah joined Muslim League as well in 1913 when he was still a member of the Congress.

He tried to become the bridge between the two major political parties of India at that time and because of his efforts in 1916, the famous Lucknow Pact was finalized between the two associations which could create a relationship of mutual trust but even that attempt proved to be futile because of the rigidity of Congress. Their constant claim to be the only representative party of the Indians and their refusal to accept Muslims as an independent nation led to the failure of the Lucknow Pact. Soon Jinnah also realized the non-conciliatory intentions of the Congress and resigned from its membership.

With the passage of time Muslim League started becoming a great representative of the aspirations of the Muslims of India and they started looking towards the League it as their guardian. So the congress lost almost all the support of indian muslims. The Congress, however, did not bother about that much and in 1928 the Nehru Report from the Congress platform distinctly crystallized the anti-Muslim approach of the “political party of the whole of India”.

In the elections of 1937 Congress won the majority seats in the legislature and formed government in India.

Those were terrible times for all Indians except Hindus of course, and particularly for Muslims. Congress during its rule did all in its capacity to work against Muslims and their representative political party Muslim League. Hindu-Muslim riots were common stories of the day in which the Muslims were always accused for everything. Cow slaughter was banned in many regions. All these events proved that all Congress wanted was to destroy Muslims, their heritage and to rule them. That’s why when Congress ministries resigned in 1939; Muslims of India celebrated Day of

Deliverance on 22nd December. The Congress doings intensified the feelings of freedom of the Muslims and though Muslims like Maulana Azad and his party Jamiat-ul-Ulema-i-Hind kept themselves on the Congress side and hailed for a united India, the majority of the Indian Muslims followed Muslim League and finally founded an independent country for themselves called Pakistan in 1947.

The Indian Councils Act 1892

The Indian Councils Act 1892 was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The main provisions of the bills were as under:

i. The number of non-official members was increased, both in Central and Provincial legislatures.

ii. The universities, zamindars, municipalities, etc. were authorized to recommend members to Provincial Councils. This was the introduction of the Principle of Representation. iii. This act allowed the councils to discuss each year’s annual financial statement.

iv. The number of the Additional Members of the Governor General Executive Council was raised up to 16.

v. Under this act two-fifth of the members of the council was to be non-official.

vi. The Additional Members of the Council could ask questions of public interest under this Act.

vii. The numbers of the Additional Members of the provincial councils were also raised, for Bengal it was 20 and 15 for the Awadh.

This act was an extension of act of 1861.

NWFP as an Independent Province (1901)

In 1849 after the defeat and capture of Punjab by the English troops the frontier region came under control of the British Empire. A point to be noted here, that it was the last region in the Sub-continent that was annexed by the East India Company.

Since the aggressive tribes of the frontier were hard to control the Company divided it into two parts, the plains were under direct rule of the Company with sound administration While, the hard mountainous parts were termed as independent tribal belt. The Company interfered in the affairs of the belt, with various tactics until on 9th November 1901 during the times of Lord Curzon in India it was declared to be a separate province. The new province included districts like Hazara, Peshawar, Kohat, Bannu, and Dera Ismail Khan that were previously part of the province of Punjab.

The formal inauguration was held on April 26, 1902 and the new province was placed under charge of the Chief Commissioner who was directly responsible to the government of India. However NWFP didnot enjoyed constitutional reforms for a long time untill the end of the second Round Table Conference on 1st December 1931 NWFP was given the status of governor’s province and its chief commissioner, Mr. Ralph Griffith was made its first governor. A legislative council was also set up with 40 members among which 22 were to be Muslims. And in this way after a long period of struggle the province of North-West became an independent province.

Partition of Bengal (1905-1911)

The partition of Bengal was the most important event during the rule of Lord Curzon. It was carried out mainly for the convenience of administration.

i. The Province was spread over the area of 1, 89, 000 square miles with the population of 80 million, which was too vast to be managed by one lieutenant Governor. He could not make a tour for the whole province due to its vastness once in his tenure.

ii. The sources of communication in the provinces were limited due to rivers and forests. The law and order condition of the provinces was also worst due to insufficient police and in-efficient management.

iii. There was also the difference of Languages and civilization of the natives of West Bengal and East Bengal. The natives of West Bengal considered themselves superior in civilization to the resident of East Bengal.

iv. Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal and formed two new provinces of manageable size – East and West Bengal. East Bengal consisted of Dacca, Mamansingh, Assam, Kaula, Rangpur, and Bogra district, the Dacca was capital of East Bengal constituted a majority MuslimProvince, while the Bihar and Orissa constituted a separate province to be called as West Bengal with the capital of Calcutta and become the Hindu Majority provinces. Partition was announced in july 1905, & came into effect in october 1905.

The Muslims welcomed the Partition of Bengal for the following reasons:

i. In the majority province of East Bengal the Muslims would be free from Hindu dominance in economic field. They would get opportunities of services and advancement of agriculture.

ii. The city of Dacca, where the Muslims were in majority was the centre of Muslim culture. In Dacca Muslims had a great chance of success for social and cultural advancement than in Calcutta.

iii. The Partition could result in political uplift and securing represent action in the Government.

iv. The partition of Bengal relieved the Muslims from competing with Hindus, who were more advanced in every field of life.

The Hindus didn't accept it, They called it as a deliberate attempt by British Government

i. The Partition of Bengal had brightened the possibility of betterment of Muslims; while the Hindu landlords, capitalists and traders wanted status quo and to continue the exploitation of the Muslims.

ii. Hindu lawyers also reacted to the partition of Bengal because they thought that the new province would have its separate courts and thus their practice would be affected.

iii. Hindu press was not different from that of Hindu advocates. Hindus had their monopoly over almost whole of the province press. They were afraid that new newspapers would be established which would decrease their income naturally.

iv. The Hindus launched Swadeshi Movement whose sole purpose was to boycott of British goods.

Annulment of the Partition

When Lord Hardinage assumed charge as Governor General of India Hindus again became active and sent a representation to him for the annulment of partition of Bengal. He recommended the same to the British Prime Minister for Indian Affairs. He then cancelled the partition of bengal on 12th December 1911.

Simla Deputation (1906)

The Indians were not satisfied with the Indian council Act of 1892. Especially, the act failed to ensure the fair representation of indians. So, the Indians were agitating for more power. Due to the growing political pressure and increasing social unrest, the British Government decided to make constitutional reforms relating to the electoral bodies. On 20th July 1906 John Morley the Secretary of State for Indian affairs announced that the Government wanted to increase the number of seats for the legislative councils and also their powers.

John Morley announcement created an anxiety among the Muslims of the sub-continent. The proposed reforms, if implemented, as was demanded by the Congress, would have suppressed the Muslims more under the Hindu Majority.

Nawab Mohin-ul-Mulk wrote a letter on August 1906, to Archbold, Principal of the college, in which he expressed his apprehensions about the forthcoming constitutional changes. He was of the view that if combined election would be held on a more extended scale, Mohammedans will hardly get a single seat, while Hindus will carry more advantage because of their majority. He asked Archbold to advise for submit memorial from the Mohammedans to the Viceroy and to request his permission to accept a deputation for discus the issue of forthcoming constitutional amendments. Archbold contacted to Viceroy’s secretary and on 10th August 1906. He informed Mohsin-ul-Mulk that the Viceroy was ready to meet the deputation. Finally, a deligation consisting of 35 leaders of Muslim community meet to the viceroy, under the leadership of Sir Aga Khan, in Simla on 1st October 1906.

The deputation presented the demands that rights of separate electorates should be given to the Muslims; Muslims should be given three more seats in central legislature; quota should be given to the Muslims in civil services; Muslims should be given representation in universities senates and syndicates; an aid should be given to the Muslims for the establishment of a Muslim university. Lord Minto, the Viceroy, assured the Muslim delegation that as long as he is associated with the administrative affairs if the country, their national rights would be preserved. The demand of separate electorates, which were presented through the deputation, was the foundation of all future constitutional amendments for India.

Separate Electorates

Separate Electorates are that type of elections in which minorities select their own representatives separately, as opposed to Joint Electorates where people are selected collectively. When minorities fear that they would not get representation in state affairs and government then they demand separate electorates. Same was the case with the Indian Muslims.

During simla dputation the Muslim delegation asked for separate representation at all levels of government, district boards, legislative councils, and municipalities. They mentioned that they were almost one-fifth and in some areas one-fourth of the whole population. So they must be given recognition as an important factor of the state machinery & Muslims should be given separate representation for both local bodies and legislative councils, through separate electorates.

Viceroy listened to them and promised them that their demands would put forward to British Government. With this positive response Muslims established their own political party named as All India Muslim League in December, 1906.

In 1909 the Morley-Minto Reforms granted separate electorates to Muslims. Muslims were given fewer share than their numerical strength, but this was a land mark in the political history of Indian Muslims.

In 1916 Lucknow Pact was passed with the collaboration of Congress and Muslim League. Congress conceded to the legitimate rights of Muslims. In this pact the right of separate electorates for Muslims was recognized. It was declared that Muslims would be given one third central legislature seats. And in provinces minorities were to have more seats than their numerical strength, this was known as the Weightage System. According to this system Muslims got more representation than their population in minority provinces whereas, in Bengal and Punjab their representation was reduced to 50% and 40% from 56% and 55% respectively. In 1919 the Montague Chelmsford Reforms were introduced. The demands of Lucknow Pact were accepted. In centre Muslims were given one third seats. These all rights were denied, and Congress deviated from their own prospective in Nehru Report in 1928.

After many years of constitutional debates, Government of India Act 1935 was passed. And elections were held in 1937 under this act. Congress won 706/1771 seats. It contested for 58/482 Muslim seats and won 26 seats whereas, the newly organized Muslim League won 102 Muslim seats.

In December 1945 elections to central Legislative Assembly were held, congress demanded for independence of united India and opposed partition of India. Whereas Quaid-i-Azam announced that Muslims were a separate nation and Muslim League was their representative party. They would not accept any constitution, in which they were relegated as a frustrated minority. He said that they were a separate nation and they must have their own state & the results of elections proved that Muslim League claims and demands were right. In central Assembly 30 seats were reserved for Muslims and Muslim League won all of them. Contrary to that Congress even lost some of general seats. In provincial elections Muslim League won 428/492 seats.

Establishment of All India Muslim League (1906)

The events following the partition of Bengal and Urdu-Hindi controversy strengthened the desire of the Muslims to organize themselves politically as separate community. The birth of All India Muslim League at Dacca on 30th December 1906 came as an expression of that desire.

The turning point came in the summer of 1906 during John Morley’s budget speech, in which he hinted of constitutional reforms. At that time Muslims did not have a political platform to demand their share. It was reasserted that they wanted a separate political platform.

The Success of Simla Deputation: Minto offered fullest sympathy to the Muslim demands. The success of Deputation compelled the Muslims to have a separate political party.

A resolution to form the All India Muslim League was passed by Nawab Salimullah Khan and was seconded by Hakim Ajmal Khan, Maulana Muhammad Ali and Moulana Zafar Ali. The resolution was passed by All India Educational Conference on 30th December 1906. Sir Agha Khan was appointed as President and Syed Hassan Balgrami was appointed as secretary, while Nawab Mohsim-ul-Mulk and Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk were made joint secretaries with six Vice- Presidents, a Central Committee with forty Members was also constituted.

The main concern of AIML was to Safeguard the political rights of the Muslims and to bring them into the notice of the Government. The first session of all India Muslim league was held at Karachi on 29th December, 1907 and was presided over by Adamji Peer Bhai.

It was being felt from the beginning that the All India Muslim League would not achieve considerable success without winning the British Public opinion to its side. Therefore, Syed Ameer Ali organized the branch of Muslim league at London. The inaugural meeting was held on 6th May 1908, at London Caxton Hall.

Minto-Morley Reforms (1909)

The Liberal Party came to power in Britain in 1906 & they introduced new constitutional reforms to impoverish the grievances of the Indians.

Reforms are as below

i. The number of members of legislative council of Governor General and the Governors of various provinces was increased.

ii. The powers of Members of Legislative were increased. They could now criticize the actions of the executive, ask questions and even supplementary questions, and express their views

by moving resolutions. Matters of public interest were also discussed in the Legislative Council.

iii. The Indians were included in the councils, where ultimate decisions were made, of the India Secretory and Viceroy. Before these reforms they were excluded from such councils. iv. For the first time, the demand for a separate electorate was accepted.

v. The Government wanted to give special representation to the loyalist classes. In this context, a special representation was given to landlords, chambers of commerce and other influential.

vi. Further, S.P. Sinha, an Indian, was included in the Viceroy’s Executive Council. However, this act was bitterly criticized by the Muslims, for they had previously demanded that two Indian members including one Muslim should be included in the Council. The Government promised to appoint Muslim the next time. After Sinha’s resignation, Sayed Ali Imam was appointed as a Member of the Executive Council.

The inclusion of the Indians in Councils was a great experience for the Indians. They became part of Legislative Councils. They could move resolutions, discuss Bills elaborately, and approved Bills. Act of 1909 was a decided step and opened the door for real politics.

Kanpur Mosque Tragedy (1913)

The U.P Government granted a total of two and half lack rupees to widen the roads of the Kanpur and to fulfill other welfare works. This scheme also included AB road. The widening of this road became a serious issue. The real problem was that if it were widened straight, there lay in its way, a Hindu temple just opposite to the Mosque in the Machli Bazar.

When Hindus heard of this scheme, they forced the Government to halt its progress. Then the only way left to save the temple was, to turn the road in some other direction, because there was not much space between the mosque and temple, to widen the road. Hence, there was a threat for the Muslims that the eastern part of the mosque might have to be demolished which was used for the purpose of ablution and for baths in order to commence the road.

The governer of UP , sir james meston order to demolish easteren part of the mosque, after they demolished muslim protested and they opened fire on muslims. Then , Muslim Anjumans from all over the India strongly protested against this wicked act of firing on the Muslims. Lord Hardinge called this act as a “stupid blunder.” He said that it was the example of shortsightedness of Meston. Lord Hardinge felt the pain of the Muslims and visited Kanpur along with Sayyid Ali Imam on 13th to 14th October. He compromised with the Muslims allowing them to build a new building over the public road. He also visited the mosque and ordered to release the prisoners and withdrew the cases.

Lukhnow Pact (1916)

With the inclusion of Quaide azam in muslim league, The leaders of the both parties agreed that they should cooperate with each other to make the British accept their demands. It was the first & last pact between congress & muslim league. Following kanpur mosque incident muslim wanted self government in india.

In 1904, Jinnah attended a meeting of the Indian National Congress. In 1906 he joined the congress himself. In 1912, Jinnah attended a meeting of the All India Muslim League, prompting him to join the league the following year.

Features of the pact are as below

i. The congress party agreed to the right to separate electorate for the Muslims first and last time in the history of subcontinent.

ii. The Hindus conceded that the Muslims would have one third representation in the imperial legislative council.

iii. A weightage formula was proposed under which the Muslims would get less representation than their population in the legislative council in those provinces where they were in majority but more in provinces where they were in minority.

iv. The Muslims shall be elected through special electorates and their strength in the different provinces shall be as: Punjab 50%, Bengal 40%, U.P 30%, Bihar 25%, C.P 15%, Madras 15% and Bombay 33 %.

This pact was a great success , It was basically give and take sort of agreement between the both parties. The Muslims had to pay a big price of loosing majority in Bengal and Punjab to obtain some concessions. This pact was failed later on, because hindu muslims are two different nation and they have different culture and civilization.

The Montague-Chelmsford Reforms (1919)

Minto-Morley reforms, introduced in 1909, proved unsatisfactory for Indian people. Resultantly, Indians demanded more representation and called for greater self-government. Even after one millions of indian soldiers fought for british in world war one but this was in vein. Thus Indians pressed for immediate reforms and it was felt that a civil disobedience movement might be launched jointly by congress and Muslim league to compel the British to accelerate the reforms.

At that time, Edwin Montague was the Secretary of State for India, lord chelmsford was the governer genral of india, they both collaborated and introduced new reforms in 1919 and it became Act of 1919.

Reforms are as below

i. The Council of the Secretary of State was to comprise of eight to twelve people. Three of them should be Indian, and at least half of them should have spent at least ten years in India.

ii. The Central Legislature was to consist of two houses, Upper House (Council of the State), and the Lower House (Legislative Assembly). Council of the State was to consist of 60 members, out of them 35 members would be elected and rest of them would be nominated by the Governor General. The Legislative Assembly was to consist of 144 members, out of them 103 were to be elected and 41 to be nominated by the Governor General. The duration of the Upper House was five and of the Lower House was three years.

iii. Powers were divided between the center and the provinces. The important subjects were vested with the center and unimportant remained with provinces. The important central subjects were defense, foreign affairs, custom, and relations with Indian states, currency and railway. On the contrary, unworthy provincial subjects were local self-government, public health, education etc.

iv. The salary of the Secretary of State for Indian Affairs should be paid from British exchequer; previously, his salary was paid by Indian treasury.

v. The system of ‘Diarchy’ or a kind of double government in the Provinces was introduced.

Provincial subjects were divided into two categories “Transferred and Reserved.” Transferred subjects which were public health, education, local self-government, and agriculture were under the control of Minister; likewise all transferred subjects were unimportant. Reserved subjects included administration, police, land revenue etc. which were under the control of Governor with the help of his secretaries. It was indirect control over transferred department by reserved department. Hence, Governor was the head of transferred and reserved subjects.

This act was rejected by congress, The only point of the reforms appreciated by the Indian was that after ten years, a commission was to assess the reforms and to bring further improvement in them.

Jalianwala Bagh Massacre (1919)

The Amritsar massacre also known as Jalinawala Bagh Massacre. Where the British Indian army opened fire on gathering who gathered in Jalinawala Bagh for Bisakhi festival. According to official source 379 people were killed but according to private source number was much higher.

In 1919 after the Rowlett Act, Indian National Congress started mass movement across the sub-continent in order to release their leaders, in their protests they burned banks,telepgarph and cut the railway lines etc etc. Then British governor of Punjab Sir Michael O’Dwyer declared martial law in Punjab and instructions were given ”no gathering of person, nor procession of any sort will be allowed”.

Later on in 1940 a survivor of the event , Udam sing killed Mr. O'Dwyer.

Khilafat Movement (1919-1922)

During World War I, the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) joined the war in favour of Germany. But Turkey and Germany lost the war and a pact commonly known as Istanbul Accord was concluded between the Allied Forces on 3rd November 1918. According to this Pact the territories of Turkey were to be divided among France, Greece and Britain. Indian Muslims fought this war for british sides due to their promise that they would not harm ottoman empire, but when they devided ottoman empire, muslim started khilafat movement.

In these situations, Indian Muslims rose against the British Government. Muslim leaders like

Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad, Moulana Muhammad Ali Johar, Moulana Shoukat Ali and others reacted against the British Government policy and were put behind the bars.

Thus, Muslims organized a mass movement, which came to be known as Khilafat Movement. The aims of this movement were

i. To protect the Holy place of Turkey ii. To restore the Territories of Turkey iii. To restore the Ottoman Empire.

In order to approve these demands, Muslim league decided to launch Non-cooperation movement, congress extended its full support towards it. & when muslims resinged from all the government posts , hindus joined all of them. They betrayed once again. One of the main reasons which caused a death blow to Khilafat Movement was the indirect announcement of Gandhi to discontinue the Non Co-operation Movement. Gandhi used an incident of arson on February 1922, when a violent mob set on fire a police choki at Chora Churi at district Gorakpur, burning twenty one constables to death as an excuse to call off the non-cooperation movement. In 1924, Kamal Ataturk set up a government on democratic basis in Turkey by abolishing Khilafat as a system of government which served a finishing blow to Khilafat Movement in India and people had lost whatever interest that they had in the movement. Hijrat movemment 1920 was also occured during this period when many of the muslims(in thousands) migrated to afghanistan after saling their properties in india on cheapest rates, and when afghanistan closed it's frontiers seeing this much rush, they came back with a miserable life. Hijrat movement was an emotional and ill advised movement and it had no potential to have constructive result.

Delhi Proposals (1927)

On 20 march 1927, Jinnah and company declared that they would withdraw the demand of Separate Electorates provided the following demands will be accepted by the Congress:

I. Sind should be separated from Bombay and should be constituted into an independent province.

II. Reforms should be introduced in the North-West Frontier Province and Baluchistan on the same footing as in any other province of India.

III. Reservation of seats according to the population for different communities in the Punjab and Bengal.

IV. Muslims should be given 1/3rd representation in the Central Legislature.

It was the first time that the Muslim League had agreed to joint electorates and would not do so ever again.

Simon Commission (1928)

In, 1927 Lord Irwin was Viceroy of India. Who appoint a commission under instruction of British government which was consist of seven members under Sir John Simon. Sir John Simon was its chairman. The instruction were given to the chairman that they had to investigate the Indian constitution problems then they had to present a detailed report in which they mentioned the adequate reforms .All the members of commission were British, even they did not included a single Indian member. Indian leaders make them to realize that to examine the problems and felling of Indian nation they should appoint Indian member in commission so, they can solve the problems of Indian people because without this they cannot take any decision for the future of Indian.

Simon commission reached at Bombay on 3rd February, 1928. & went back in 1929.

There were following recommendations on Commissions report:

I. The Diarchy system in the provinces should be abolished and all the portfolios should be handed over to the provincial ministers.

II. The power of the central government and the provincial governors should be reduced.

III. Federal system of government should be introduced in India.

IV. The right to vote should be extended to more people.

V. An expert committee should be constituted regarding the separation of Sindh from Bombay. The separation of Sindh was not granted in principal. First there would have to be a close and detailed enquiry into the financial consequences which would follow such a step.

The demand of the frontier for equal status was also neglected.

The report was not acceptable for Muslims, Hindus and also for the elected members of the Indian legislative assembly.

Nehru Report (1928)

When Indians boycotted Simon commission, Lord Birkenhead, Secretary of State for Indian Affairs, challenged the Indians, “If they have any political capability and competence then they should form a unanimous constitution and present it to us and we will implement it.”

All parties’ conferences held by Indian leaders and they presented a constitution, as below.

I. India should be given Dominion Status with the Parliamentary form of Government.

II. There should be Federal form of Government in India with Residuary powers to be vested in Centre. (Quaid asked to amend “Residuary powers to be vested in provinces”)

III. There will be no reserved seats for communities in Punjab and Bengal. (Quaid asked to amend “ There should be reserved seated in punjab & bangal on population basis”)

IV. There should be 1/4th Muslim Representation at Centre. (Quaid asked to amend “There should be 1/3^rd Muslim representation at center”)

V. Sind should be separated from Bombay provided it proves to be financially self-sufficient. ( Quaid asked to amend “sindh should be separated from bombay”)

Jinnah’s proposals were rejected when put to vote in All Parties Conference. The Congress managed to get the majority vote in favour of the Report. Jinnah considered it as the “parting of the ways” and once the “Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity” was now convinced that the Hindu mindset in India was bent upon pushing the Muslim minority to the wall.

Fourteen Points of Quaid-i-Azam

In March 1929, In order to counter the proposals made in the Nehru Report, Jinnah presented his proposal in the form of Fourteen Points, insisting that no scheme for the future constitution of the government of India will be satisfactory to the Muslims until and unless stipulations were made to safe guard their interests. The following points were presented by the Quaid to defend the rights of the Muslims of the sub-continent.

I. The form of the future constitution should be federal, with the residuary powers to be vested in the provinces.

II. In the Central Legislature, Muslim representation shall not be less than one third.

III. Sind should be separated from the Bombay Presidency.

IV. Reforms should be introduced in the NWFP and Baluchistan on the same footing as in other provinces.

Main points were those which were neglected by congress in Nehru report. Muslim League made it clear that no constitutional solution will be acceptable to them unless and until it encooperates the fourteen points.

Later on in 1929, Khudai Khidmatghar movement (Founder: Bacha Khan) started which was fundamentally based on two things, firstly, to serve the humanity by focusing on idioms like education for all, encouraging poetry and music and literature and to eradicate the vicious roots of violence among Pashtoons.

Allahabad Address (1930)

He gave the idea and concept about a separate homeland in this address, this demand was due to two main reasons. On the one side, Hindus were creating the restrictions in the way of the Muslim and hurting the feeling of the Muslim to propose the Nehru report as the ultimate constitution for India. On the other side, the British government totally ignored the Muslim’s rights and other facilities were not being provided to them. They were ignored in every field of life, especially in education and government. As the permanent solution to the Muslim Hindus problem, Iqbal proposed that Punjab, North West Frontier province, Baluchistan, and Sindh should be converted into one state.

General Knowledge: A Dominion was the "title" given to the semi-independent polities under the British Crown. It means all laws and regulations of a country are maintained and controlled by its own citizens except for foreign relations, defense and communications.

Round table conferences (1930-1932)

The three Round Table Conferences of 1930–32 were a series of conferences to formulate future constitution of India in the light of suggestions given by the Indian Leaders.

The first Round Table Conference convened from 12 November 1930 to 19 January 1931. Congress was absent because Gandhi and Nehru was in jail due to their civil disobedience movement.

The second Round Table Conference was held in London from 7 September 1931 to 1 December 1931. Gandhi was present & Gandhi claimed to represent all people of India while other groups were also present & they did not agree with this statement and again it failed.

The third Round Table Conference 17 November 1932 - 24 December 1932. Congress was absent because Gandhi again was in jail due to their civil disobedience movement.

Finally a Joint Select Committee was formed (Lord Linlithgow at that time) to analyses the recommendations and formulate a new Act for India. The Committee produced a draft Bill in February 1935 which was enforced as the Government of India Act of 1935 in July 1935.

Communal Awards

After first two round table conferences failed, In 1932 the British Government (Prime minister: Ramsey MacDonald) announced its own formula known as Communal Award. This award retained separate electorate for Muslims and all other minorities. On the basis of weightage Muslim received more representation in Muslim minority provinces.

Europeans got this privilege in Bengal and Assam while Sikhs in Punjab and Hindus in Sind and in N.W.F.P.

Accepted by Muslim league, rejected by congress.

Government India Act of 1935

Following is detailed description,

I. The Act proclaimed a bicameral legislature. The one house of the Assembly was called the Indian Legislature Assembly and the other house of the Assembly was The Council of State. The Council of State was the upper house that was a permanent body i.e that it could not be dissolved like the lower house of the Parliament. One-third members of the upper house had to retire after every 3 years. The lower house of the Assembly, the Indian Legislature Assembly, was not an independent body. The laws passed by the Assembly could be Veto by Governor-General. The legislature had no control over the legislature under this Act.

II. 20% of the whole budget could be discussed or amended in the Federal Assembly, Rest 80% could not be discussed or amend.

III. The provinces were given more authority and powers.

IV. The system of Diarchy was removed in the provinces and introduced in the center.

V. The whole country was divided in to 11 provinces.

VI. The Indian Council that was created to help secretary of state for India was abolished under the Government of India Act 1935.

Both the Muslim League and the Indian National Congress expressed their dissatisfaction over the Act.

Congress Ministries (1937-1939)

Even though Muslim League and Congress were against the Government of India Act 1935, yet it was implemented in the winter of 1937. Elections occurred, congress won 750 seats of 1771 while Muslim league won 106 out 491 Muslim seats.

The Congress didn’t set up ministries for about four months demanding British government to not interfere in its legislative affairs, British government agreed to this & As a result of which, Congress ministries were formed in July 1937 but with bitter policy against Muslims: Hindi became the national language, Congress flag became the national flag, and Bande Matram became the national anthem. A strict prohibition was laid on cow slaughter and singing of Bande Matram, taken from the novel of Chandra Chatterji, was started in schools. Construction of new mosques was banned and Muslims were harassed while they offered prayers. When World War II started in 1939, the British were fighting against the Axis Powers. The Viceroy of India announced India’s involvement without consulting its representative political leaders. Congress asked for transfer of power in repayment of their cooperation in war, which the British government denied. As a result, Congress ministries resigned. 22^nd December was the day & was celebrated as Day of deliverance by Muslim league. Congress rule length was 27 months.

Lahore Resolution (1940)

Quaid-i-Azam called for the 27th annual session of All India Muslim League to be held March 23, 1940 at Lahore. Main Bashir Ahmad was nominated as secretary of the session. Mamdot welcomed the people then Quaid e Azam gave speech.

On March 23, A.K. Fazul Haq, the Chief Minister of Bengal, presented the resolution. The Government and people of Pakistan wrongly celebrate March 23 as a national day in Pakistan. The actual day when the resolution was passed was March 24.

Some main points are as below

I. No revised constitutional plan would be acceptable, unless it was framed with their approval or consent.

II. Adjacent units where Muslims are in majority, should be constituted as independent states.

A Resolution passed at the 1941 Madras session of the League stated, “Everyone should clearly understand that we are striving for one independent and sovereign Muslim State.”

Hindus called the “Pakistan” demand “anti-national.” With the passage of this Resolution, the Muslims of the sub-continent changed their demand from “Separate Electorates” to a “Separate State.

General knowledge: Lord Linlithgow gave an offer to Indians on 8 august 1940 that if Indians will fight for them, they would be given many benefits. Like independent constituent assembly etc. this offer is known as august offer in history books.

Cripps Mission (1942)

The British were alarmed at the successive victories of Japan during 1940s. When Burma was turned into a battle field and the war reached the Indian boarders, the British started feeling more concerned about the future of India. Situation in the country was further complicated as the Congress wanted to take advantage of the situation by accelerating their efforts in their struggle for independence. Moreover the differences between the Congress and the Muslim League were widening fast and visibly there was no chance to bring both the parties on a common agenda.

Crips arrived in Delhi on 22 march 1942 & had a series of meetings with congress and muslim league leaders, In the meetings Cripps tried to plead his case before these political leaders and tried to convince them to accept his following proposals:

I. During the course of the war, the British would retain their hold on India. Once the war finished, India would be granted dominion status with complete external and internal autonomy. It would however, be associated with the United Kingdom and other Dominions by a common allegiance to the Crown.

II. At the end of the war, a Constituent Assembly would be set up with the power to frame the future constitution of India. The members of the assembly were to be elected on the basis of proportional representation by the provincial assemblies. Princely States would also be given representation in the Constituent Assembly.

III. The provinces not agreeing to the new constitution would have the right to keep itself out of the proposed Union. Such provinces would also be entitled to create their own separate Union. The British government would also invite them to join the commonwealth.

IV. During the war an interim government comprising of different parties of India would be constituted. However, defense and external affairs would be the sole responsibility of the viceroy.

Crips accepted the scheme of partition of India on the demand of Muslim league.

Quit India movement 1942

The Quit India Movement was a civil disobedience movement launched in India in August 1942 in response to Mohandas Gandhi’s call for immediate independence. The British were prepared to act. Almost the entire Indian National Congress leadership was imprisoned without trial within hours. The British refused to grant immediate independence, saying it could happen only after the war ended.

Jinnah & Ghandi Talks 1944

The meeting took place between the two leaders at Bombay from 9th September to 27th September. They met almost daily, and sometimes even twice in a day. On 27th September, Jinnah announced the termination of talks after the failure of the two leaders to reach an agreement.

Gandhi wanted that first the people of India should oust the British with their joint action. When India was free then by mutual settlement and agreement two separate states could be created. Jinnah was not prepared to trust the words of Gandhi or the Congress. He said separation must come first and then matters of common interest between the two states would be settled by a treaty.

Wavell Plan (1945)

In October 1943 the British Government decided to replace Lord Linlithgow with Lord Wavell as the Viceroy of India. Before assuming the charge, Wavell worked as the Chief of Indian army and thus had quit an understanding of the Indian situation. Right after assuming charge as Viceroy, Wavell’s most important task was to present a formula for the solution of the Indian problem which was acceptable for both the Congress and the Muslim League.

On June 14, 1945, Wavell Plan presented the following proposals:

I. All the members of the Council, except the Viceroy and the Commander-in-Chief would be Indians.

II. Defence of India was to be in the hands of a British authority till Power was transferred to the Indian hands.

In order to discuss the proposal with the Indian leaders (Muslim league & congress) , Wavell summoned a conference in Simla on June 25, 1945.

Shimla conference (1945)

The conference began in Shimla on June 24, 1945 and lasted till July 14, 1945. The Viceroy proposed an Interim Central Government in which all the portfolios except that of war would be given to Indians. Muslim league demand was that all the 5 members of the executive council would be nominees of Muslim league, while Khizar Hayyat tawana wanted one seat from Muslim league quota, so this conference was failed.

Elections of (1945-46)

21st August 1945 the Viceroy Lord Wavell announced that general elections to the central and provincial legislatures would be held in the coming winter, as for the first phase it was decided that election to the central legislative assembly would be held to be followed by the election to the provincial assemblies. Elections held in December 1945, Muslim league managed to win all the 30 seats reserved for the Muslims.

The results of the provincial election held in early 1946 were not different. Congress won most of the non-Muslim seats while Muslim League captured approximately 95 percent of the Muslim seats. On the other hand League celebrated January 11, 1946 as the Day of victory.

Cabinet Mission 1946

The Mission arrived in Delhi on March 24 and left on June 29.

The main purpose of the mission was setting up a constitutional frame work and Executive council with the help of Indian parties. According to their own proposed plan there would be union of India comprising British India and the Indian states that would deal with Defence, foreign affairs and communication. All residuary power would belong to provinces and the provinces should be divided in to three sections. There would also be an interim government with the support of all political parties.

Quaid e Azam presented demand of Pakistan before cabinet mission saying that no alternative solution is acceptable. So this mission went back unsuccessful.

Interim Government (1946-47)

Lord Wavell wrote letters to Nehru and Jinnah on July 22, 1946 and invited them to join an “Interim Coalition Government.” He suggested that there would be 14 members in the cabinet: 6 of them from Congress, 5 from the Muslim League and the other 3 would represent the minority parties and the important portfolios would be divided equally to the Congress and the League.

Both Muslim league and congress rejected this, but later congress 6 members joined cabinet on the advice of Wavell. Muslim League rejected the idea of installing one party Government & they observed September 2 as black day and throughout India they flew black flags on their houses and shops.

Later on Muslim League joined the Interim Government on October 25, 1946.Following portfolios were allocated to the different parties:

Congress

I. Jawaharlal Nehru External Affairs and Commonwealth Relations

II. Vallabhbhai Patel Home, Information and Broadcasting

III. Rajendra Prasad Food and Agriculture

IV. Rajgopalacharia Education and Arts

V. Asaf Ali Transport and Railways

VI. Jagjivan Ram Labour

Muslim League

I. Liaquat Ali Khan Finance

II. I.I. Chundrigar Commerce

III. Abdur Rab Nishtar Communications

IV. Ghazanfar Ali Khan Health

V. J.N. Mandal Legislature

Minorities

I. John Matthai Industries and Supplies

II. C.H. Bhabha Works, Mines and Power

III. Baldel Singh Defence

The Interim government remained in place till the independence of Pakistan and India.

Poor Man’s Budget (1947)

Knowing the importance of the ministry Liaquat started putting financial checks on all the ministries run by the Congress members. They could not even hire a peon without the prior consent of Liaquat. The greatest contribution of Liaquat as Finance Minister, however, was the budget he presented on February 28, 1947.

Following are details of his budget,

I. Salt Tax was completely abolished for the first time.

II. Minimum exemption limit for income tax was raised from Rs. 2000 to Rs. 2500.

III. Special income tax of 25% was introduced on the businessmen whose annual profit was more than Rs. 100000.

IV. A commission was proposed to look in to the accounts of those who accumulated wealth during the Second World War and to introduce heavy taxes on them.

On one hand the budget was hailed in the local press and was appreciated by the common people, on the other the hand the capitalist, most of whom were the pro-Congress Hindu industrialists and businessmen, termed it as “Millionaire’s howls” and decided to stop the funding of the Indian National Congress.

First Cabinet (1947)

The newly created state of Pakistan formed its first constituent assembly in August 1947.

Quaid-i-Azam Jinnah took oath on 15th August 1947 and became the first Governor General of Pakistan. The first cabinet of Pakistan was also created by Quaid-i-Azam Jinnah, The first cabinet of Pakistan took oath on 15th August 1947. It included the following members:

I. Liaquat Ali Khan Prime Minister, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Defense

II. I.I. Chundrigar Minister for Commerce, Industries and Works

III. Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar Minister for Communications

IV. Raja Ghazanfar Ali Minister for Food, Agriculture and Health (In December he was shifted to Evacuee and Refugee Rehabilitation).

V. Jogendra Nath Mandal Minister for Labour and Law

VI. Ghulam Muhammad Minister for Finance

VII. Fazlur Rahman Minister for Interior, Information and Education

Quaid-i-Azam also asked for many skilled British technocrats to stay and serve in the Pakistani government; 3 out of the 4 provincial governors were British. Sir Frederick Bourne was the Governor of East Bengal, Sir Francis Mudie the Governor of West Punjab and Sir George Cunningham the Governor of N.W.F.P. Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah, the Governor of Sindh)

was the only local governor, while Balochistan did not have a governor as it was Governor-General’s province.

First Constituent Assembly of Pakistan (1947-1954)

The inaugural session of the first constituent assembly of Pakistan was held in Karachi in August 1947. Mr. J.N. Mandal was elected as temporary chairman of Constituent Assembly of Pakistan.

Jinnah was selected as the president of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, on 11th August 1947 and Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan as its Deputy President. The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan functioned from 1947 to 1954 and involved two major parties—the Muslim League representing all Muslims with the exception of few and The Congress Party representing the twelve million Hindus in Pakistan.

Under the Indian Independence Act Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was given two tasks – to prepare a Constitution and to act as the federal legislature.

The Constituent Assembly was suspended by the Governor General Ghulam Muhammad, on 24th October 1954. He stated that the Constituent Assembly had lost the confidence of the people; this ruined the efforts of the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan which had been working towards formulating a viable constitution for seven years.

Objectives Resolution (1949)

Objective Resolution was presented in the Constituent Assembly by Liaquat Ali Khan on March 7, 1949 and was debated for five days by the members from both the treasury and opposition benches. The resolution was ultimately passed on March 12. The main point of this resolution was that “Constitution of Pakistan should be framed by the Constituent Assembly”.

Basic Principle Committee Interim Report (1950)

The Basic Principles Committee was formed on 12th March 1949 by the first Constituent

Assembly of Pakistan. It was headed by Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan and Liaquat Ali Khan was its Vice President. The task assigned to the Basic Principles Committee was to determine the basic principles for framing the future constitution of Pakistan.

On 28th September 1950 the BPC presented its interim report to the Constituent Assembly. The salient features of this report were as following:

i. Objectives Resolution should be made part of the constitution and should serve as the directive principle of state policy.

ii. The state of Pakistan was to be a federation.

iii. The Central Legislature was to be bicameral. It would consist of a House of Unit (Upper House) with 100 members and a House of People (Lower House) with 400 members.

iv. The Upper House was to be the representative institution of the provinces, elected by provincial legislature. While the Lower House was to be elected by the people on the basis of adult franchise.

v. The tenure of both the Houses was to be five years and both were to enjoy equal power.

vi. The decisions regarding budget or monetary bills were to be decided in joint sessions of the two houses.

vii. The Head of state was to be elected by a joint session of the two houses for a term of five years and would work on the advice of the Prime Minister.

viii. Federal legislature had the authority to remove the head of state.

ix. Each province was to have its own legislature; elected on the basis of adult franchise for a term of five years.

x. Head of the provincial legislature was to be elected by the head of state for a term of five years and he was to work on the advice of Chief Minister.

xi. Legislative power was to be divided in three lists: 1) The Federal list comprising of 67 subjects on which the central legislature would legislate. 2) The Provincial list comprising of

35 items, the provincial legislature would legislate on these subjects. And 3) The

Concurrent list of 37 items on which both the central and provincial legislatures had the authority to legislate. The residuary powers were vested in the center.

xii. In case of a dispute, the Supreme Court had the authority to interpret the constitution.

xiii. The procedure to amend the constitution was very rigid; it required a majority approval from the central and provincial legislatures.

xiv. Head of the state was given added powers like the authority to abrogate the constitution and issue ordinances.

xv. Urdu was to be the state language.

xvi. The Supreme Court was the head of judiciary. It would consist of the Chief Justice and 2 to 6 judges. And High Courts for each province were to be established.

xvii. A Board of Ulama would be appointed by the head of state and provincial governors to examine the process of law making and to ensure that laws were in accordance with the Quran and Sunnah.

This report was highly criticized by East Pakistan as Urdu was suggested to be the state language & it puts the threat in the minds of East Pakistan that their interests were not safe with West Pakistan. Later on this report was revised in 1952, but it was also criticized because it was not upto the expectations of different groups. Ulema’s also gave 22 points constitution in January 1951.

Rawalpindi Conspiracy (1951)

Rawalpindi Conspiracy case was an attempted coup d’état against the government of Liaquat Ali

Khan who the first Prime Minister of country. The master mind behind the whole plan was Major General Akbar Khan who was a senior commander of Pakistan Army at that time. He was against the government of Kashmir issue policies like ceasefire. The civilians and the junior army officers were imprisoned for four years and were charged with fine and Akbar Khan for 14 years.

Major General Akbar Khan was released in 1955 soon transformed in Pakistani political life, becoming an adviser to Pakistani politician Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. Upon coming to power in 1971, Bhutto appointed Akbar Khan to be chief of national security.

General knowledge: Ghulam Muhammad dismissed Nazimuddin as bureaucracy considered Nazimuddin a weak administrator. Muhammad Ali Bogra became the new Prime Minister of the country on 17th April 1953.

Dismissal of Nazimuddin’s Government (1953) – Establishment in politics

The bureaucracy considered Nazimuddin a weak administrator, However, Ghulam Muhammad with the support of bureaucracy and military leadership dismissed Nazimuddin along with his cabinet. Muhammad Ali Bogra became the new Prime Minister of the country on 17th April 1953.

Muhammad Ali Bogra Formula (1953)

He presented the formula to the Constituent Assembly on 7th October 1953 and it is known as the Bogra formula,

The major features of the formula were:

I. The federal legislature would comprise of two houses – the House of Unit and the House of People. The total strength of the House of Units would be 50, which was to be equally divided among five units namely, East Bengal, Punjab, NWFP, Frontier States, Sindh and Khairpur, Balochistan. The House of Units would be elected indirectly by the legislature of the units. The Bogra formula reduced the 9 units of West Pakistan into 4 units.

II. The House of People was to have a total number of three hundred members, to be divided among the five units in this manner – East Bengal 165 members, Punjab 75, NWFP 13, Sindh 19, State of Khairpur 1, Balochistan 3, and Bahawalpur State 7.

III. Both Houses were to have equal powers in all matters. There was a provision for a joint session of the two for the election of the Head of the State and for the disposal of votes of confidence.

IV. In case of a difference of opinion between the two Houses, a joint session of the two Houses would be called and the matter would be decided by a majority vote, provided that the majority included thirty percent of the members from each zone.

V. It maintained the principle of parity between East and West Pakistan in combined Houses, with 175 seats for each zone. So in total, both the wings were to have 175 seats each in the two Houses of the Legislative Assembly.

VI. In place of the Board of Ulama, the Supreme Court was given the power to decide if a law was in accordance with the basic teachings of the Holy Quran and Sunnah.

VII. The two houses of the Legislative Assembly formed the Electoral College for the Presidential elections and the President was to be elected for a term of 5 years.

In 1954 the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan decided that the Bengali and Urdu would be the national languages of Pakistan. This decision facilitated the constitution making process.

Unlike the two reports of the Basic Principles Committee, the Bogra Formula was appreciated by different sections of the society. The proposal was discussed in the Constituent Assembly for 13 days, and a committee was set to draft the constitution on 14th November 1953. However, before the constitution could be finalized, the Assembly was dissolved by Ghulam Muhammad, the then Governor General of Pakistan.

Dissolution of the 1st Constituent Assembly Creation of 2^nd Constituent assembly 1956 constitution Enforcement of martial law 1958

Pro-US Governor General, Ghulam Muhammad, and Prime Minister, Muhammad Ali Bogra, were moving well and in a cooperative way. The members of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan had openly started criticizing the attempts to bring Pakistan closer to the United States.

On October 24 1954 he dissolved the CAP on the ground that it had lost the confidence of the people of Pakistan. He imposed press censorship and promised fresh elections. Maulvi

Tamizuddin, President of the Assembly, challenged the dissolution in the Sindh Chief Court, and won the case. The Government (Bogra) in return, went to the Federal Court, where the famous judgment was given by the then Chief Justice Muhammad Munir, according to which Maulvi Tamizuddin lost the case.

The second Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was created on 28th May 1955 under Governor

General's Order No.12 of 1955. The strength of this Assembly was 80 Members, half each from East Pakistan and West Pakistan. One of the major decisions taken by this Assembly was the establishment of West Pakistan (One Unit), with the aim to create parity between the two wings (East and West Pakistan). This Assembly also achieved its target by giving the first Constitution to the nation i.e. the Constitution of Pakistan 1956. Chaudhary Muhammad Ali was the Prime Minister at that time. The draft of this Constitution was introduced in the Assembly on 9th January 1956 and was passed by the Assembly on 29th February 1956. The assent was given on it by the Governor General on 2nd March 1956. This Constitution was enforced with effect from 23rd March 1956.

With this Pakistan’s status as a dominion ended and the country was declared an Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Constituent Assembly became interim National Assembly and Governor-General Iskander Mirza sworn in as the first President of Pakistan.

A coalition of the Muslim League and the United Front was ultimately formed with Chaudhry Mohammad Ali the Former Finance Minister, as prime minister. Mohammad Ali Bogra quietly resumed his old assignment as Ambassador to the United States.

The Constitution of 1956 consisted of 234 articles, divided into 13 parts and 6 schedules. Following were the chief characteristics of the Constitution:

I. Pakistan was declared as an Islamic Republic and it was made mandatory that only a Muslim could become the President of the country.

II. The constitution provided for the federal form of government with three lists of subjects:

federal, provincial and concurrent. The federal list consisted of 33 items, provincial of 94 items and concurrent list of 19 items.

III. Any Muslim citizen of Pakistan, who was at least forty years old, could be elected as the President of Pakistan for the term of five years.

IV. President could appoint from amongst the MNAs a Prime Minister.

V. The Constitution entitled for a Unicameral Legislature. Legislative powers vested in the Parliament, which consisted of the President and the National Assembly comprising 300 Members divided equally between East and West Pakistan.

VI. The 1956 constitution provides for Parliamentary form of government with all the executive powers in the hands of Prime Minister. President was Head of the State and was to be elected by all Members of the National and Provincial Assemblies. He was to hold office for 5 years. The President was to act on the advice of Prime Minister.

Although the first general election were scheduled for early 1959, President Sikandar Mirza abrogated the Constitution, dissolved the National and Provincial Assemblies, and declared Martial Law, on 7th October 1958 (ministers were dismissed, Central and Provincial Assemblies were dissolved and all political activities were banned). He appointed General Muhammad Ayyub Khan, Commander-in-Chief of the Army, as the Chief Martial Law Administrator. While Iskander mirza was remained president. The intentions of General Iskander Mirza were quite personal in inviting Ayyub, as he considered democracy as a useless tool in a country like Pakistan where the literacy rate is low and there is lack of political awareness among the people.

President Mirza tried to rationalize the power structure and state framework by appointing Ayyub Prime Minister on 24 October 1958. This did not satisfy Ayyub Khan who had a strong claim to power, being the Commander -in- Chief of the Army. President Mirza was nervous about his own future and he tried to enlist the support of the Air Force and Ayyub’s rivals within the army. He allegedly made an unsuccessful attempt to order Air Commodore Robb, the Chief of Staff of Pakistan Air Force to arrest four Generals close to Ayyub including Major-General Yahya Khan. Ayyub decided to rid himself of Mirza and assume complete control over the affairs of state. Mirza was arrested and sent to exile to Great Britain where he later died.

Reforms Introduced by Ayyub Khan

On 27th October 1958 General Muhammad Ayyub Khan took-over as a second President of

Pakistan. One of the first major steps taken by General Ayyub Khan was the appointment of a Constitution Commission on 17th February 1960. The objective of this commission was to submit proposals, as to how best democracy can be strengthened and molded according to the country’s socio-political environment and Islamic principles of justice. The Commission submitted its report to the government on 29th April 1961. On the basis of this report a new Constitution was framed and given to the nation on 1st March 1962.

General elections under the new Constitution were held on 28th March 1962 and elections to the special seats reserved for women were held on 29th May 1962. The first session of the third National Assembly was held on 8th June 1962 at Ayyub Hall, Rawalpindi.

Constitution of (1962)

The Constitution of 1962 announced a Federal State with Presidential form of government, with National Assembly at the centre and the Provincial Assemblies in the Provinces. The Legislatures, both at centre and in provinces were unicameral. Provincial Governors to be appointed directly by the President. All executive authority of the Republic of Pakistan, under the Constitution, vested in the office of the President.

Causes of Ayyub’s Decline & His resignation

Immediate measure of the Martial law regime were successful but in the long term failed to solve the problems. GENERAL REASONS

I. Dictatorial powers of President: people wanted parliamentary form of democracy.

II. Disqualification of politicians and political parties under Elective Bodies Disqualification Order (EBDO).

III. Control of Press and Media.

IV. Withdrawal of military support: Reduction on Armed Forces’ in budget of 1967-68.

V. Strong opposition: Wide popularity of Awami League in East Pakistan and P.P.P in West Pakistan.

VI. Rumors about his illness in the early 1968, about making Gohar Ayub his successor, withdrawal of military support added more to his unpopularity.

VII. PPP established in Dec. 1967: Objectives of genuine democracy, Islamic Socialism, Adult franchise and Freedom of Press.

By and large, the ten year rule of General Ayub Khan is seen as an era of progress and industrial development. Ayub promulgated mega projects like the construction of Mangla Dam, the Karachi Steel Mills, and oil refineries and above all construction of a new capital at Islamabad. He introduced various reforms to improve the state of affairs, like the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance of 1961, imposing restrictions on polygamy and reinforcing inheritance rights of women. The Land Reforms initiated by him were a step to reduce the increasing power of the landed aristocracy. He signed a boundary agreement with China in March 1963, which proved to be the beginning of a long term friendship between the two countries.

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto exploited the Tashkent declaration to turn the public opinion against Ayub.

The increasing popularity of Awami League under Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rahman in East Pakistan and

Pakistan People’s Party under Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto in West Pakistan was alarming for the stability of General Ayyub’s Regime. Then there was also Asghar Khan’s movement and few other political alliances which were creating hurdles for a stable Ayyub’s government.

Finally, the movement against his government intensified towards the end of 1968 and in the beginning of 1969. The movement was launched by Urban middle class i.e. Students, lawyers, teachers, doctors, labourers, politicians etc.

It became quite difficult for General Ayub to face so much opposition from politicians as well as common people from all walks of life. He ultimately decided to resign in March 1969. In his last radio address to the nation on 25 March 1969, he said, “I cannot preside over the destruction of my country”.

Yahya khan came in power 1969

On 25th March 1969 the second Martial law was imposed and General Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan took over as the President of Pakistan and Chief Martial Law Administrator (CMLA). He later issued a Legal Framework Order (LFO), under which the first ever general elections were held on 7th December 1970. This was the first Assembly elected on the adult franchise and population basis. It consist of 313 members, 169 from East Pakistan and 144 from West Pakistan including 13 reserved seats for women (6 were from West Pakistan and 7 from East Pakistan). Soon after the elections, due to grave political differences, the Province of East Pakistan seceded from West Pakistan and became Bangladesh. On 20th December 1971 Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto took over as the President of Pakistan as well as the first civil Chief Martial Law Administrator.

Legal Framework Order 1970

Yahya Khan after becoming the Chief Martial Law Administrator in 1969 announced that he would make it possible that free and fair elections will be conducted in Pakistan and a new constitution will be made soon. For that reason, he introduced a Legal Framework Order in March 1970 that determined principles for the future constitution of Pakistan. It also dissolved the One-Unit scheme on 1st July 1970.

The features of the LFO 1970 are mentioned as under:

I. The National Assembly of Pakistan will consist of 313 seats with 13 seats reserved for women. Out of 313, 169 seats were to be for East Pakistan, 85 for Punjab, 28 for Sindh, 19 for NWFP, 5 for Baluchistan and 7 seats were allotted to the tribal areas.

II. Each province will have a provincial assembly consisting of elected members. East Pakistan provincial assembly will have 400 members, Punjab 186, Sindh 62, Baluchistan 21 and NWFP 42.

III. The elections for National Assembly will be held on 5 October 1970 and for provincial assemblies not later than 22 October.

IV. The principles of democracy will prevail by holding free elections for federal and provincial legislatures on the basis of adult franchise. Independent judiciary will be made possible along with fundamental rights for the citizens.

V. Within 120 days of the first meeting of the National Assembly, it would form a constitution bill and if it fails to do so, it will dissolve.

Elections of 1970

As per the promise of Yahya khan, the electoral rolls were printed both in Bengali and Urdu for East and West Pakistan respectively. Initially, the elections were due on 5 October 1970 for the National Assembly and 19 October for the provincial assemblies. But these elections were postponed till December of the same year because of the severe monsoon floods in the eastern wing in August. The new dates announced were 7 and 17 December 1970.

Most prominent political parties were two, among many others. They both were regional, Pakistan People’s Party of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Awami League of Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rehman. Their prime focus was on economic issues. Elections occurred, the two major winners were the PPP and the Awami league. The AL was first great majority party that secured 160 seats of National Assembly out of which only seven candidates belonged to the West Pakistan. However, the AL could not win a single provincial assembly seat from any of the west wing provinces. The PPP won second great majority in the National Assembly. It got 81 seats out of 130 allotted to the western wing but it did not have a single seat from the East Pakistan. The LFO had declared that the National Assembly was responsible for making constitution within 120 days. & that never happened due to six point demand of Awami league & finally to independent states established.

War of 1971 and the Birth of Bangladesh

After the elections of 1970, the leaders of the two leading political parties didn’t seem to compromise with each other at any cost. Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rehman continued insisting on his specific Six-Point Program while Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto with his reservations asked for some amendments. Thus they couldn’t get to the bottom of the predicament due to their inflexibility. President Yahya Khan was himself too incompetent to instigate them to negotiate and co-operate with each other. “Operation Searchlight” was launched at midnight on 25 March 1971 under Lieutenant-General Tikka Khan, the newly appointed Martial Law Administrator and governor of the eastern wing, to handle the strike that were demanding the implementation of AL six points, but that added fuel to the fire.

Eventually a war started b/w mukti bahini (Bangladesh force) & Pakistan military. Indian military intervention followed on 3rd December 1971and a full-fledged war broke out on the Eastern front of Pakistan. Already from 21 November India had started direct attacks on Pakistan border regions and a plan was previously devised to occupy Dhaka on 6 December. Mukti Bahini and the public in general fully supported intrusion of the Indian army that was duly aided by the Indian Air Force.

Worldwide appeals were made for ceasefire but Indian army continued the war that lasted for nearly two weeks. At length Pakistani commander Lieutenant-General Niazi in East Pakistan had to surrender on the orders of his superiors along with his 93,000 troops at Dacca on 16 December. In the “remaining” West Pakistan people came out on the streets declaring Yahya and his fellows as

traitors	and asked for his resignation. Thus Bhutto, President of the PPP was asked to come back
from New York to take over the charge of the country. On 20 December 1971 he assumed the rank

of the President of new Pakistan and Civil Martial Law Administrator.

The Interim Constitution of 1972

It was decided that until a permanent constitution and interim constitution would be adopted to lift up martial law. On 17th April 1972 an Interim Constitution was adopted by the National Assembly, which provided for a Presidential form of Government. Later on the permanent constitution was adopted by the assembly and replaced the interim constitution on 14th Aug 1973.

Z.A Bhutto as President of Pakistan

The interim constitution provided for a presidential form of government and Bhutto held the office of president till 14th August 1973 when he switched over to premiership under the newly enforced constitution of 1973.

On foreign front, Bhutto made some bold decision like unilateral withdrawal of Pakistan from the Commonwealth in Feb 1972 and also from SEATO in the same year. An agreement was reached with India in July 1972 for making possible the return of 90,000 soldiers, popularly known as Shimla Accord.

Constitution of 1973

The constitution of Pakistan 1973 was enforced on 14th Aug 1973. It consists of 280 articles and 7 schedules. It is regarded as the landmark accomplishment of Bhutto’s era as it was a unanimous act of the parliament with complete consensus of all the political parties.

The constitution declared Pakistan an Islamic republic laying down condition for head of state and head of the government to be Muslims. However, 8th amendment has made the Objective

Resolution a substantial part of the constitution by incorporating it as article 2A according to which all laws made in Pakistan should be in accordance with the injunctions of Quran and Sunnah. Its Islamic character is further reinforced by accepting the sovereignty of Almighty Allah, Islam to be the state religion and by promising the Muslims to enable them to order their lives in accordance with the fundamental principles of Islam. It also provides a long list of fundamental rights as well directive principles of state policy. Besides, the constitution envisages a federation of Pakistan and affords a parliamentary form of government leaving president with only ceremonious functions. The federal legislature is bicameral i.e. senate the upper house and national assembly the lower house. Moreover, the constitution provides an independent judiciary, provincial autonomy to the federating units, a council of common interests, a council of Islamic ideology etc.

Soon after coming into power as president in December 1971 he started working to establish its nuclear program. In 1956 Pakistan Energy Commission (PAEC) was founded but this department went under serious business under Bhutto which in future proved to be the father institution for Pakistan’s nuclear program. After India’s first explosion of atom bomb on 18th may 1974 Pak-Army collaborated with (PAEC) to help Kahuta enrichment plant in 1976.

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Food Authority Division Headquarters Announced Latest Advertisement Jobs 2022

JOB DETAILS

Apply Online:

Upload a CV to Apply for a Job

Date Posted:

1 June 2022

Category / Sector:

Classifieds

Newspaper:

Nawaiwaqt Jobs

Education:

Middle, Matric, Intermediate, Graduation

Vacancy Location:

Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan

Organization:

Food Authority Division Headquarters

Job Industry:

Security Jobs

Job Type:

Full Time

Expected Last Date:

17 June 2022

Food Authority Division Headquarters Jobs 2022 was published on 01 May 2022 in the Daily Express Newspaper. Quetta, Balochistan is presenting you with all of the skilled candidates for lots of opportunities. All must send their registration forms by 28 May 2022. All entries must be received by June 17, 2022, and May 28th, 2022. People with a Bachelor's or Master's degree are eligible for the above roles.

VACANT POSITIONS

Posts Available:

Assistants
Computer Operators
Senior Clerks
Food Safety Supervisors
Inspectors
Lab Analysts
Machine Operators
Sanitary Worker
Security guard
Cameraman
Naib qasida
Cook
Driver

APPLY PROCEDURE/ TERMS & CONDITIONS

Interested people may post /TCS CVs mentioning subjects and sections applied for the along with the testimonials and latest PP Size Photographs by 06 May 2022.
Only the shortlisted individuals should be called for the tests.
TA/DA is admissible.
The candidates with experience in the relevant field shall be preferred.
Only shortlisted candidates shall be called for an interview.
The advertisement does not confer any right of appointment on a deputation basis.
The number of posts in each category may increase/ decrease as the Programme's requirement.
Food Authority Balochistan reserves the right to cancel the proem of appointment on deputation.

JOB ADVERTISEMENT

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👉A smartphone will be a robust tool for learning languages. Use it to record yourself speaking then listen back to visualize how your English sounds to others. create the foremost of all of your favourite productivity apps to organise your application time and create a note of all the new words you learn.

*🎙️LISTEN*

👉Listen to news bulletins and songs in English to pay attention to the pronunciation of words. you'll conjointly learn new words and expressions in this fashion. The additional you listen, the additional you learn! attempt repetition of what you hear to practise your pronunciation and learn that words during a sentence are stressed.

*🎙️READ OUT LOUD*

👉Read the newspaper or a magazine bent yourself. you may even realize a script for your favourite TV program and act it out! this can be nice|an excellent|a good} thanks to practising pronunciation as a result of you simply got to regarding|focus on|target} ensuring your English sounds great and don’t get to worry about syntax or synchronic linguistics.

*🎙️LEARN a replacement WORD each DAY*

👉Choose a word you'd wish to work on and use practise it in several sentences. Use the word till you have got learnt it and keep victimisation it frequently.

*🎙️WATCH FILMS*

👉Watch movies in English and concentrate on new vocabulary and pronunciation. Imitate the actors and celebrate with it.

*🎙️MAKE FRIENDS*

👉Make friends with English speakers or others learning to talk English and compare notes. point out things that you just have learnt and exchange ideas.

*🎙️DO attention-grabbing ACTIVITIES IN ENGLISH*

👉Take a preparation course in English or be part of a book club! something you get pleasure from doing, make certain you are doing it and communicate it in English. victimisation English to speak concerning belongings you get pleasure from can create practising positive expertise.

*🎙️HAVE A DEBATE*

👉Debate all the topics that interest you with friends in English. attempt to use the maximum amount of vocabulary as you'll urge your purpose across and hear the opposite arguments rigorously therefore you'll argue against them effectively.

*🎙️USE A DICTIONARY*

👉Online dictionaries typically have audio examples, therefore, will|you'll|you'll be able to} check your pronunciation and there are a lot of nice wordbook apps that you just can take every place with you on your smartphone. make certain to not become too dependent on these tools, though. Have a go at voice communicating the words 1st then check after to visualize if you were right!

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Planning & Development Board Poverty Graduation Initiatives Head Office Management Jobs 2022

2022-05-28T14:03:00.001+05:00

JOB DETAILS

Apply Online:

Upload a CV to Apply for a Job

Date Posted:

28 May 2022

Category / Sector:

Classifieds

Newspaper:

Nawaiwaqt Jobs

Education:

Middle, Matric, Intermediate, Graduation, Masters, MPhil, PhD

Vacancy Location:

Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan

Organization:

Planning & Development Board

Job Industry:

Admin Jobs

Job Type:

Full Time

Expected Last Date:

3 June 2022

Planning & Development Board Poverty Graduation Initiatives Head Office Management Jobs 2022 was published on 22 May 2022 in the Daily Express Newspaper. Planning & Development Board Lahore is presenting you with all of the skilled candidates for lots of opportunities. All must send their registration forms by May 6, 2022. All entries must be received by May 1st, 2022 and May 6th, 2022. People having a Bachelor's or Master's degree are eligible for the roles listed above.

VACANT POSITIONS

Accounts Assistants
Admin Accounts Officers
Assistants
Communication Officers
Computer operators
Gender Poverty Specialists
Infrastructure Specialists
IT Officers
Knowledge Manager
Livestock Experts
M&E Officers
Office Boy
Office Secretary
Procurement Officers
Project Director
Training Enterprise Specialists

APPLY PROCEDURE/ TERMS & CONDITIONS

Interested people may post /TCS CVs mentioning subjects and sections applied for the along with the testimonials and latest PP Size Photographs by 03 June 2022.
Only the shortlisted individuals should be called for the tests.
Applicants should apply online through wows jobs Punjab pov pk latest by 03.062822.
Detailed eligibility criteria and job descriptions are available on the Punjab job Portal website wav jobs Punjab gov pis.
Only on-tine applications will be accepted. No hard copy of the application will be accepted mandatory for ai! candidates to upload soft copies of their academic and job experience certificates while applying for posstion/s.
Incomplete applications or those received without relevant documents shall not be considered for shortlisting.
Submission of fake documents or concealment of any tact will lead to disqualification of the candidate.
The above positions will be offered purely on reerit ad on contract basis.
Only shortlisted candidates shall be invited for interviews, Shortlisted candidates shall
Fad brings their original documents at the time of the internet. NoTA/DA mill be admissible,
Boe ocirmcuterplayges mar yippy is a ciyper stung! Government employers will
Ye pitalan pos prevailing germ ici pa web Portal Punerty Ceaduation (initiatives reserve the night to the incense of Decreasing total auitber of pasts of n0t to fill any of the above position.
The appointment of incumbent wil] neither confer any right of regs lac appointment the same pose not sérvice counts towards seventy/ pension etc.
Only the Punjab domicile will be considered.
A separate application is necessary for each post,
The age of the candidate will be calculated on the last date of submission of the application and the maximum age given for each job includes age relaxation. No separate age relaxation will be given,
Females are strongly encouraged to apply for the posts mentioned in Serial No 1-16.

JOB ADVERTISEMENT

Benazir Income Support Programme Jobs in 2022

2022-05-08T13:16:00.001+05:00

JOB DETAILS

The Benazir Income Support Programme require the services of the qualified, highly talented and self-motivated officers of the federal and provincial government having the scale of BPS-17, 18 and 19 for the following post given in the advertisement.

Jobs Location	::	Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Newspaper Name	::	Daily Express
Job Category	::	Government
Job Type	::	Full-Time
Education	::	Graduate, Master
Quota	::	Sindh, Punjab, KPK
Department	::	Benazir Income Support Programme
Publish Date	::	29 April 2022
Last Date	::	14 May 2022
Job Alert	::	JOIN WHATSAPP GROUP
Job Video	::	WATCH NOW
Online Apply Video	::	WATCH NOW

Benazir Income Support Programme Jobs 2022 was published on 29 April 2022 in the Daily Express Newspaper. Benazir Income Support Programme is presenting you with all of the skilled candidates for lots of opportunities. All must send their registration forms by May 6, 2022. All entries must be received by May 12th, 2022 and May 14th, 2022. People having a Bachelor's or Master's degree are eligible for the roles listed above.

VACANT POSITIONS

Deputy Director
No of Post	::	01
Qualification	::	Bachelor's degree from HEC recognized University/ Institute.
Experience	::	02 Years
Age Limit	::	40 Years

Assistant Director
No of Post	::	01
Qualification	::	Bachelor's degree from HEC recognized University/ Institute.
Experience	::	02 Years
Age Limit	::	40 Years

Assistant (Complaint, Registry and Field)
No of Post	::	01
Qualification	::	Bachelor's degree from HEC recognized University/ Institute.
Experience	::	02 Years
Age Limit	::	40 Years

APPLY PROCEDURE/ TERMS & CONDITIONS

Interested people may post /TCS CVs mentioning subjects and sections applied for the along with the testimonials and latest PP Size Photographs by 06 May 2022.
Only the shortlisted individuals should be called for the tests.
TA/DA is admissible.
The candidates with experience in the relevant field shall be preferred.
Only shortlisted candidates shall be called for an interview.
The advertisement does not confer any right of appointment on a deputation basis.
The number of posts in each category may increase/ decrease as, the requirement of the Programme.
BISP reserves the right to cancel the proem of appointment on deputation aping the above posts or any of the

JOB ADVERTISEMENT

BISE Larkana Sindh Jobs 2022

2022-04-30T17:04:00.002+05:00

Applications are invited for the following vacant positions and jobs mentioned as follows. latest jobs in Pakistan, jobs in Sindh, BISE Sindh jobs, Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education Sindh jobs, jobs in BISE Larkana Sindh 2022,
Positions Announced:

Deputy Controller of Examinations / Deputy Secretary
Assistant Secretary / Assistant Controller of Examination
Web Administrator
Assistant
Jr. Data Entry Operator
Stenotypist
Helper to Electrician
Plumber
Mali
Peon
Carpenter
Loader to Store Section
Sweeper

At least VI lith class passed a person of sound physique and sound mind.
Last date to apply for the jobs:
The last date to apply for the following positions and jobs is within 15 days
How to apply:
The applications along with testimonials Certificates, Degrees: Photocopy of C.N.I.C, Domicile, P.R.0 and one Passport size Photograph along with a Demand Draft of Rs. 500/- (Rupees) Five Hundred only) in favour of the Board of Secondary Education, Larkana should reach the undersigned within (15 days) after the publishing of this Advertisement. Applications should be submitted through Post / Courier Services only.

Get BISE Larkana jobs 2021 from this page and vacant positions which are named as (Assistant, Assistant Secretary/Assistant Controller of Examination, Carpenter, Data Entry Operator, Deputy Controller of Examination/Deputy Secretary, Helper Technician, Loader, Mali, Peon, Plumber, Steno-Typist, Sweeper, Web Administrator )

National Talent Hunt Program Sukkur IBA Solved Test

2022-04-25T16:37:00.003+05:00

National Talent Hunt Program Sukkur IBA University Solved Test-Ihsan Trust

English M.C.Q’s

For questions, 1-10, decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each blank.

Tennis is my 1 sport. Nothing else comes close to a great competitive activity. For one thing, it’s easier to get a 2 going than with a team sport. All you need are 3 _ people, one on each side. Secondly, you can play for 4 at many public courts. Sure, you have to buy a racquet, but a 5 one should last for many 6 _. And a can of tennis

7 only costs a couple of dollars.

In addition, if you play tennis, you get a lot of 8 . Compare it to a sport like a baseball, where players spend most of their 9 standing around waiting for something to happen.

Yes, as far as I’m concerned, tennis is the 10 sport in the world!

1. A. funny B. easiest C. old D. favourite

2. A. game B. car C. player D. ball

3. A. one B. two C. three D. four

4. A. free B. fun C. hours D. money

5. A. wooden B. blue C. used D. good

6. A. hours B. days C. sports D. years

7. A. courts B. balls C. corn D. racquets

8. A. money B. fun C. sprains D. exercise

9. A. money B. help C. time D. paper

10. A. best B. worst C. same D. cheapest

For questions, 11-20, decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each blank.

Take a big truck. Take a comfortable little house. Put them 11 and what do you get? A motorhome. A motorhome has all the comforts of 12. A complete kitchen is standard, with a stove and 13. Most 14 motorhomes come from the factory with a microwave oven too. They have small dining room tables and seats called dinettes. They have living room 15 such as couches, chairs, and a television of course.

Motorhomes come with complete bathrooms. There’s no need to look for a restroom along the highway. Time to wash up? No problem. The well-equipped motorhome has a shower; some even have bathtubs. When you’re 16, just pull open the couch, rearrange the dinette, or walk back to the bedroom. There are sleeping accommodations for the whole family. You can use a motorhome almost anywhere. They produce and store their own electricity. They have 17 to

18 many gallons of fresh water and wastewater as well. When it’s time to go 19 or to just 20 in style, nothing beats a motorhome!

11. A. close B. sideways C. apart D. together

12. A. cotton B. home C. pillows D. nails

13. A. shower B. toilet C. camera D. refrigerator

14. A. new B. old C. broken D. fast

15. A. carpets B. furniture C. windows D. curtains

16. A. cautious B. serious C. angry D. tired

17. A. cups B. tanks C. pails D. glasses

18. A. leak B. watch C. hold D. container

19. A. crying B. home C. camping D. backwards

20. A. dress B. design C. drive D. travel

For questions, 21-27, decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each blank.

21. Ride is to ride as the row is to.

A. road

B. rode

C. rowed

D. route

22. Bill is to Bill's as it is to.

A. its

B. it's

C. Bills

D. it

23. They are is to they're as it is is to.

A. its

B. it's

C. iti'

D. is

24. Close is to as good as too well.

A. water

B. closed

C. open

D. closely

25. Create is to creation as arrange is to.

A. arrangement

B. arranged

C. arranged

D. arranges

26. Baby is to babies as a woman is to.

A. girls

B. adult

C. plural

D. women

27. Man is to his as men are too.

A. Her

B. toys

C. boy

D. their

For questions 28-31, choose the best option (A, B, C or D)

28.28.

Your cousin claimed to be late because the doors of his house were frozen shut. Even though I have my doubts, his explanation is plausible. It got really cold last night. I'll just have to take his word for it.

If a statement is plausible,.

A. you must always believe it

B. you should never believe it

C. it's hard to understand because it makes no sense

D. it's believable enough to possibly be true 29.

If you don't curtail your spending, you'll be broke in no time at all! Which word is a synonym for "curtail"?

A. reduce

B. follow

C. behind

D. buy

30.

No word must ever leak out about this military action! It has to be a clandestine operation to succeed.

Which word is a synonym for "clandestine"?

A. family

B. useful

C. dangerous

D. secret 31.

Put this medicine on your arm and rub it into your skin until it's invisible. It will inhibit the infection's attempt to spread.

What does “inhibit” mean?

A. live in a certain place

B. block or slow down

C. itch or burn

D. help to do something important

For questions 32-41, choose the best option (A, B, C or D)

Once upon a time in a land now lost in time, there lived a beautiful young princess named Princess Megan. She lived in a 32 palace where every 33 was met. She had ice cream with every meal. She had clothes made of pure gold. She even had her 34 phones in her bedroom! The palace was indeed a wonderful place to live. It was 35. It was exciting. It was safe. Did I say safe? Well not entirely.

You see, just outside the palace, there was a magnificent 36. In that garden grew the most spectacular 37 and the most 38 fruits and vegetables. However, in that garden there 39 grew the Terrible Onion. No one __40 the Terrible Onion. But it was said that the Terrible Onion would pop out of the ground and eat people when the 41 struck then.

32. A. cold B. grand C. stone D. small

33. A. friend B. pet C. wish D. enemy

34. A. toy B. own C. plastic D. old

35. A. luxurious B. drafty C. ancient D. wooden

36. A. garden B. tree C. pool D. lawn

37. A. fireworks B. sounds C. flowers D. stones

38. A. rotten B. pretty C. delicious D. costly

39. A. also B. never C. often D. did

40. A. eats B. called C. felt D. ate

41. A. stick B. car C. lightning D. mood

For questions 42-45, choose the best option (A, B, C or D).

Read each paragraph carefully. Choose the best answer to the questions that follow.

42.42.

Juan loves to play games. His favourite game is chess because it requires a great deal of thought. Juan also likes to play less demanding board games that are based mostly on luck. He prefers Monopoly because it requires luck and skill. If he’s alone, Juan likes to play action video games as long as they aren’t too violent.

What is the main idea of this paragraph?

A. Juan dislikes violence.

B. Juan likes to think.

C. Juan enjoys Monopoly.

D. Juan enjoys playing games.

43.43.

Maria is watching too much television. A toddler shouldn’t be spending hours staring blankly at a screen. Worse yet, some of her wild behaviour has been inspired by those awful cartoons she watches. We need to spend more time reading books with her and pull the plug on the TV!

What is the main idea of this paragraph?

A. Watching a lot of television isn’t good for Maria.

B. Books are good.

C. All cartoons are bad.

D. Some cartoons are bad for Maria.

Samantha, I can’t eat or sleep when you are gone. I need to hear your scratchy voice and see your lovely toothless smile. I miss that special way that you eat soup with your fingers. Please come home soon!

What is the main idea of this paragraph?

A. Samantha, you have bad manners.

B. Samantha, you should see a dentist.

C. Samantha, I miss you.

D. Samantha, I have lost my appetite.

Someday we will all have robots that will be our personal servants. They will look and behave much like real humans. We will be able to talk to these mechanical helpers and they will be able to respond in kind. Amazingly, the robots of the future will be able to learn from experience. They will be smart, strong, and untiring workers whose only goal will be to make our lives easier.

Which sentence from the paragraph expresses the main idea?

A. Someday we will all have robots that will be our personal servants.

B. We will be able to talk to these mechanical helpers and they will be able to respond in kind.

C. They will look and behave much like real humans.

D. Amazingly, the robots of the future will be able to learn from experience.

(Stop. Do not turn over this page until you are told to do so.)

Mathematics M.C.Q’s

No. of Questions: 50 (from 46 to 95) Time allowed: 80 Minutes

Questions starting from page 5 Negative markings: Yes

Q46 The sum of three consecutive natural numbers is 3000. The smallest of these three numbers is

A) 1002

B) 1001

C) 1000

D) 999

Q47 The length of the rectangle is 6 cm more than its breadth. If the perimeter of the rectangle is 308 cm, find the area of the rectangle

A) 6000 cm2

B) 5960 cm2

C) 5920 cm2

D) 5880 cm2

Q48 Find the solution set of the equation: –8 + |6y – 7| = 3

A) {3, 3}

B) {3, − 2}

C) {3}

D) { 3}

Q49 Find the solution set of the equation: |7 – x| < 2, ∀ x ∈ ℝ

A) {x | x ∈ ℝ and x < 5}

B) {x | x ∈ ℝ and 5 < x < 9}

C) {x | x ∈ ℝ and x < 9}

D) {x | x ∈ ℝ and –5 < x < 9}

Q50 Find the solution set of (2x + 1)(2x – 1) + 1 = 0

A) {0}

B) {0, −1}

C) {0, 1}

D) {1, −1}

Q51 Eliminate t from the following equations:

x = 8t, y = 128t2

A) y = x2

B) y = 2x2

C) y = 4x2

D) x = 2y

Q52 The mean proportional between 100 and 160 is

A) 400

B) 230

C) 20√10

D) 40√10

Q53 If x 𝖺

A) 4.5

B) 18

𝑦 and x is 9 when y = 15, find x when y is 30

C) 135

D) None of these

Q54 If the measures of angles of a triangle are proportional to 1, 2 and 3, then the measure of the largest angle of the triangle will be

A) 30

B) 60

C) 90

D) 120

Q55 The marks obtained by 80 students in a Mathematics test are given below:

Marks	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
Number of Students	5	10	15	20	15	10	5

The Arithmetic Mean of marks is

A) 30

B) 40

C) 50

D) 60

Q56 Find the value of x if the median for 2, 3, 7, x, 10, 15 is 8

A) 6

B) 7

C) 8

D) 9

Q57 The variance of the following set of observations is

–2, –1, 0, 1, 2

A) 2

B) 1.6

C) 1.2

D) 0.8

Q58 If two circles of diameters 20 cm and 10 cm touch externally, the distance between their centres is

A) 5 cm

B) 10 cm

C) 30 cm

D) None of these

Q59 The set of all points of a plane which are equidistant from a fixed point is called

A) an ellipse

B) a parabola

C) a hyperbola

D) a circle

Q60 If the value of sin β is 0.8, what is the value of sin –β?

A) 0.2

B) 0.8

C) –0.2

D) –0.8

Q61 In the given triangle a = 21 and c = 29.

The value of sin B is

A) 41

B) 41

C) 29

D) 29

Q62

0 0

2sin 45 + 0.5 cosec 45 =

2√2

√2 5

√2 3

2√2

Q63 {1, 2, 3, 5, 7} ∆ {3, 5, 7, 9, 11}

A) {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11}

B) {3, 5, 7}

C) {1, 2, 9, 11}

D) None of these

Q64 The domain of the binary relation R = {(2, 1), (4, 3), (6, 5), (8, 7)} is

A) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

B) {1, 3, 5, 7}

C) {2, 4, 6, 8}

D) None of these

Q65 The relation R = {(a, b) | a = 2b} in Z, the set of integers, has the range {4, 8, 10, 12}. Its domain is given by

A) {2, 4, 5, 6}

B) {8, 16, 20, 24}

C) {2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 16, 20, 24}

D) None of these

Q66 If M = [1 2] [1 1] then |M|

3 4 3 3

A) –2

B) 2

C) zero

D) None of these

Q67 The inverse of A = [13 −4] is

3 1

A) 25 [ 13 −4]

−3 1

B) 0.04 [ 1 4 ]

−3 13

C) 25 [1 3 ]

4 13

D) None of these

Q68 The length of a rectangle is 10 cm more than its breadth. If the perimeter of the rectangle is 100 cm, then the area of the rectangle will be

A) 300 cm2

B) 600 cm2

C) √600 cm2

D) None of these

Q69

Suppose z is some constant and w = 11, is a solution of the equation w + zw + 33 = 0,

then the other solution of the quadratic equation is

A) 8

B) –8

C) 3

D) –3

Q70 The value of cosec 60⁰ is

√3

A) 2 1

B) 2

C) √3

√3

Q71 The value of √5(√35 + √125) is

A) √5(5 + 2√31)

B) 5(5 + √7 )

C) (√5 + 12)

D) None of these

Q72 The sum of three consecutive integers, of which x is the largest integer.

A) 3x

B) 3x + 1

C) 3x + 2

D) 3x – 3

Q73 Which expression is equivalent to 2log(4/𝑥),

A) (log4 – log)²

B) log16 – 2logx

C) –2log4logx

D) None of these

Q74 The value of 3√64𝑥12𝑦15

A) 16𝑥36𝑦45

B) 8𝑥⁴𝑦⁵

C) 4𝑥⁴𝑦⁵

D) None of these

Q75 What should be added to 6x3 + 13x2 + 4x + 20, so that it becomes exactly divisible by 2 + x2?

A) – 8x + 6

B) – 8x – 6

C) 8x – 6

D) 8x + 6

Q76 Find the value of 𝑥⁴ + 1

𝑥4

when 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 2

Q77

A) 2

C) 8

D) 16

3 2 5

The degree of the polynomial 6xy

A) two

B) three

C) four

D) five

Q78

2 2

H.C.F of 28x y and 42xy is

A) 14xy

B) 28xy

C) 42xy

D) 56xy

+ 13xz

+ 4xyz + 20

Q79

2 2 2

The least common multiple of x + x – 6, 2x + 9x + 9 and x + 7x + 12 is

A) (x – 2)

B) (2x + 3)(x + 4)

C) (x – 2)(2x + 3)(x + 4)

D) (x – 2)(2x + 3)(x + 4)(x + 3)

Q80 The equation ax² + x + c = 0, will not represent a quadratic equation, if

A) a = 1

B) a = 0 and c G 0

C) ac ≠ 0

D) a > 0 and c < 0

Q81 Which of the following is irrational?

A) 22

B) 0.3333…

C) 0.16666….

D) 𝜋

Q82 Solution set of √𝑥 = –6 is A) { 6 }

B) { 36 }

C) { }

D) { –36 }

Q83 Find x when the Matrix is singular

A) 2

B) –2

C) 3

D) None of these

Q84 x² – x + 1 = 8 is a

A) linear equation

B) quadratic equation

C) cubic equation

D) None of these

Q85 x³ – x² + 2 =

A) (x + 1)(x² – 2x – 2)

B) (x + 1)(x² – 2x + 2)

C) (x – 1)(x² + 2x + 2)

D) (x – 1)(x² – 2x – 2)

Q86 If (x³ – x² – 226x + 1410) is divided by (x + 17), then the remainder is

A) 20

B) 30

C) 40

D) 50

3𝑧2−𝑧w

Q87 Simplified form of 2𝑧2−3𝑧w2 is

3𝑧+w

w(2𝑧−3w)

(3𝑧−w)w (2𝑧−3w)

𝑧−3w w(3𝑧−2w)

3𝑧−w

2𝑧−3w2

Q88 In the matrix[10 20], the diagonal elements are

30 40

A) 10, 20

B) 30, 40

C) 20, 30

D) 10, 40

Q89 If A = [ 1 3], then |A–1| =

2 4

A) 2

B) –2

C) 0.5

D) –0.5

Q90 Suppose a system of two equations in two unknowns is given in matrix form as Ax = [10].

If A is a non-singular matrix with A–1 = [ 10 15], then the unique solution of the system is

20 25

given by

A) [25]

B) [700]

400

C) [400]

700

D) None of these

Q91 Construction of a triangle is possible when the sum of measures of two sides is the third side.

A) equal to

B) greater than

C) less than

D) All of these

Q92 Consider the following six real numbers

20 10 –20 19 –10 –19

i) (10) ii) (–20) ii) (20) iv) (– 30) v) (–20) vi) (–19)

A) all numbers are positive

B) all numbers are negative

C) two numbers are negative and four numbers are positive

D) two numbers are positive and four numbers are negative Q93 Find an if log_𝑎 243 = 5

A) 2

B) 3

C) 4

D) 5

Q94 log11 5 =

log11 15

A) log₁₁ 15

B) log₁₁ 5

C) log₅ 15

D) log₁₅ 5

Q95 The Distributive Property of Intersection over Union is given by

A) A (B C) = (A B) (A C)

B) (A B)' = (A' B')

C) A (B C) = (A B) (A C)

D) (A B)' = (A' B')

(END of the TEST)

State Bank of Pakistan Jobs in Karachi

2022-03-26T20:09:00.008+05:00

State Bank of Pakistan has announced Excellent Career Opportunities for the people of Karachi in Sindh. State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), the Central Bank, is looking for talented and energetic candidates for the following positions based in Karachi.

Departmental Positions are as follows:

Digital Innovation and Settlements Department
Application Developer (On Contract)
Business Technology Analyst (On Contract)
Data Analyst / Scientist (On Contract)
Payment Scheme Analyst (Documentation and Legal Expertise) (On Contract)
Information Technology Department
IT Operation Engineer (On Contract)
Database Administrator (On Contract)
Network Engineer (On Contract)
System Administrator (On Contract)
Information Systems Department
Junior Software Engineering (OG-2)
Application Administrator (On Contract)
Application Developer (On Contract)
Office of the CISO
Assistant Director -Security Operations Centre (OG-2)
Financial Stability Department
Deputy Director - RBS Support (OG-3)
Assistant Director - RBS Support (00-2)
Legal Services Department
Human Resources Department
Deputy Director - Project, Compliance & Support Services (00-3)
Assistant Director - Project, Compliance & Support Services (OG-2)
Assistant Director - Human Resources (OG-2)
Deputy Director - Special,zeo Funds Finance Accounting (OG-3) Department Assistant Director - Specialized Funds Accounting (OG-2)

For details about the eligibility criteria including qualification, experience and job description of positions, please visit:

http://www.sbp.org.pk/ careers.

Application Procedure:

Interested candidates meeting the above-mentioned eligibility criteria may submit their applications online on https://www.sbp.org.pk/careers/status.asp. The system generated application form may be shared through surface mail addressed to Ms Sadia Ali, Resource Management, HRD, State Bank of Pakistan, 10th Floor, SBP Main Building, I.I. Chundrigar Road, Karachi with the applied position written on the top right of the envelope. The last date of application submission is April 04, 2022. Applications, which are not by defined requirements in the advertisement, will not be entertained. Only shortlisted candidates will be contacted.

We are an Equal Opportunity Employer Females & Transgender persons are encouraged to apply.

Misinformation and any attempt to influence the selection process will be considered a definite disqualification for current as well as for all future recruitments in the Bank, even if the candidate is otherwise eligible.

Civil Engineers Jobs in Asian Industries Karachi

2022-03-05T15:14:00.002+05:00

We need the following qualified BE in Civil and DAE Civil as mentioned against each for our residential Villas construction Site at DHA City, Karachi. 1. Site Supervisor: BE (Civil) min. 2 years' experience, or D.A.E. (Civil) min. 5 years' experience. 2. Inventory Incharge: D.A.E. or equivalent degree with experience in the construction field of at least 4-5 years. 3. Quantity Surveyors: D.A.E. (Civil) 5 years' experience in B.O.Q. and BBS.

The interested individuals may send their particulars (CV's forthwith: jobs@ asiaindustries.org (10142680125)