MESOTHELIOMA

TRAFFIC TIP

noreply@blogger.com (happyfung) — Mon, 15 Dec 2008 06:46:00 -0800

Make your domain name easy to read
Keep ADDING fresh, relevant, useful content.
Choose a memorable domain name.
Buy the wrong domain name, too.
Use appropriate keywords in your image file names.
Do really serious keyword research.
Organic SEO - a few key points.
Submit to the main directories.
Submit to niche directories.
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Write articles directly for other sites.
Submit articles to newsletters which are archived online.
Improve page title
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Get one-way links and a few reciprocal links.
Include keywords in your online profiles.
Submit brief hints to newsletters and blogs.
Publish a lively, useful newsletter.
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Write testimonials that are worth using.
Make helpful posts in forums.
Post free ads on forums which allow it.
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Create a lively blog or blogs.
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Remove broken links.
Attract new audiences with your own podcasts.
Use reliable web hosting.
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Chase new fads and hot topics.
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Linux Development

noreply@blogger.com (happyfung) — Fri, 12 Dec 2008 14:03:00 -0800

The Linux kernel is the lowest level of software running on a Linux system. It is charged with managing the hardware, running user programs, and maintaining the overall security and integrity of the whole system. It is this kernel, which after its initial release by Linus Torvalds in 1991, jump-started the development of Linux as a whole. The kernel is a relatively small part of the software on a full Linux system (many other large components come from the GNU project, the GNOME and KDE desktop projects, the X.org project, and many other sources), but it is the core which determines how well the system will work and is the piece which is truly unique to Linux.

The Linux kernel is an interesting project to study for a number of reasons. It is one of the largest individual components on almost any Linux system. It also features one of the fastest-moving development processes and involves more developers than any other open source project. This paper looks at how that process works, focusing on nearly three years of kernel history as represented by the 2.6.11 through 2.6.24 releases.

Development Model

With the 2.6.x series, the Linux kernel has moved to a relatively strict, time-based release model. At the 2005 Kernel Developer Summit in Ottawa, Canada, it was decided that kernel releases would happen every 2-3 months, with each release being a "major" release in that it includes new features and internal API changes.

The quick release cycle was chosen as a way to get new features out to users in a stable form with minimal delay. As a result, new code – features, device drivers, etc. – is available in a stable kernel within a few months of its completion, minimizing or eliminating the need for distributors to backport developmental code into stable releases. So the kernels released by distributors contain many fewer distribution-specific modifications, yielding higher stability and fewer differences between distributions.

Each 2.6.x release is a stable release, in that it is made available when the list of outstanding bugs is made as small as possible. For problems which turn up after a kernel release, the "-stable" branch exists as a way to quickly get fixes out to the community. This is best explained with the diagram shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 – Linux Kernel Release Cycle

The kernel team released the 2.6.19 kernel as a stable release. Then the developers started working on new features and started releasing the release candidate versions as development kernels so that people could help test and debug the changes. After everyone agreed that the development release was stable enough, it was released as the 2.6.20 kernel.

While the development of new features was happening, the 2.6.19.1, 2.6.19.2 and other stable kernel versions were released, containing bug fixes and security updates.

This paper focuses exclusively on the main 2.6.x releases, to the exclusion of the stable updates. Those updates are small, and, in any case, the design of the development process requires that fixes accepted for -stable also be accepted into the mainline for the next major release.

Diagnosis Mesothelioma

noreply@blogger.com (happyfung) — Fri, 12 Dec 2008 13:22:00 -0800

Diagnosing mesothelioma is often difficult, because the symptoms are similar to those of a number of other conditions. Diagnosis begins with a review of the patient's medical history. A history of exposure to asbestos may increase clinical suspicion for mesothelioma. A physical examination is performed, followed by chest X-ray and often lung function tests. The X-ray may reveal pleural thickening commonly seen after asbestos exposure and increases suspicion of mesothelioma. A CT (or CAT) scan or an MRI is usually performed. If a large amount of fluid is present, abnormal cells may be detected by cytology if this fluid is aspirated with a syringe. For pleural fluid this is done by a pleural tap or chest drain, in ascites with an paracentesis or ascitic drain and in a pericardial effusion with pericardiocentesis. While absence of malignant cells on cytology does not completely exclude mesothelioma, it makes it much more unlikely, especially if an alternative diagnosis can be made (e.g. tuberculosis, heart failure).

If cytology is positive or a plaque is regarded as suspicious, a biopsy is needed to confirm a diagnosis of mesothelioma. A doctor removes a sample of tissue for examination under a microscope by a pathologist. A biopsy may be done in different ways, depending on where the abnormal area is located. If the cancer is in the chest, the doctor may perform a thoracoscopy. In this procedure, the doctor makes a small cut through the chest wall and puts a thin, lighted tube called a thoracoscope into the chest between two ribs. Thoracoscopy allows the doctor to look inside the chest and obtain tissue samples.

If the cancer is in the abdomen, the doctor may perform a laparoscopy. To obtain tissue for examination, the doctor makes a small incision in the abdomen and inserts a special instrument into the abdominal cavity. If these procedures do not yield enough tissue, more extensive diagnostic surgery may be necessary.

**Typical immunohistochemistry results**
Positive	Negative
EMA (epithelial membrane antigen) in a membranous distribution	CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen)
WT1 (Wilms' tumour 1)	B72.3
Calretinin	MOC-3 1
Mesothelin-1	CD15
Cytokeratin 5/6	Ber-EP4
HBME-1 (human mesothelial cell 1)	TTF-1 (thyroid transcription factor-1)

Signs and symptoms of mesothelioma

noreply@blogger.com (happyfung) — Fri, 12 Dec 2008 13:14:00 -0800

Symptoms of mesothelioma may not appear until 20 to 50 years after exposure to asbestos. Shortness of breath, cough, and pain in the chest due to an accumulation of fluid in the pleural space are often symptoms of pleural mesothelioma.

Symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma include weight loss and cachexia, abdominal swelling and pain due to ascites (a buildup of fluid in the abdominal cavity). Other symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma may include bowel obstruction, blood clotting abnormalities, anemia, and fever. If the cancer has spread beyond the mesothelium to other parts of the body, symptoms may include pain, trouble swallowing, or swelling of the neck or face.

These symptoms may be caused by mesothelioma or by other, less serious conditions.

Mesothelioma that affects the pleura can cause these signs and symptoms:

chest wall pain
pleural effusion, or fluid surrounding the lung
shortness of breath
fatigue or anemia
wheezing, hoarseness, or cough
blood in the sputum (fluid) coughed up (hemoptysis)

In severe cases, the person may have many tumor masses. The individual may develop a pneumothorax, or collapse of the lung. The disease may metastasize, or spread, to other parts of the body.

Tumors that affect the abdominal cavity often do not cause symptoms until they are at a late stage. Symptoms include:

abdominal pain
ascites, or an abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen
a mass in the abdomen
problems with bowel function
weight loss

In severe cases of the disease, the following signs and symptoms may be present:

blood clots in the veins, which may cause thrombophlebitis
disseminated intravascular coagulation, a disorder causing severe bleeding in many body organs
jaundice, or yellowing of the eyes and skin
low blood sugar level
pleural effusion
pulmonary emboli, or blood clots in the arteries of the lungs
severe ascites

A mesothelioma does not usually spread to the bone, brain, or adrenal glands. Pleural tumors are usually found only on one side of the lungs.

What is Mesothelioma

noreply@blogger.com (happyfung) — Mon, 17 Nov 2008 16:08:00 -0800

Mesothelioma is a form of cancer that is almost always caused by previous exposure to asbestos. In this disease, malignant cells develop in the mesothelium, a protective lining that covers most of the body's internal organs. Its most common site is the pleura (outer lining of the lungs and internal chest wall), but it may also occur in the peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity), the heart,^[1] the pericardium (a sac that surrounds the heart) or tunica vaginalis.

Most people who develop mesothelioma have worked on jobs where they inhaled asbestos particles, or they have been exposed to asbestos dust and fiber in other ways. Washing the clothes of a family member who worked with asbestos can also put a person at risk for developing mesothelioma.^[2] Unlike lung cancer, there is no association between mesothelioma and smoking.^[3] Compensation via asbestos funds or lawsuits is an important issue in mesothelioma (see asbestos and the law).

The symptoms of mesothelioma include shortness of breath due to pleural effusion (fluid between the lung and the chest wall) or chest wall pain, and general symptoms such as weight loss. The diagnosis may be suspected with chest X-ray and CT scan, and is confirmed with a biopsy (tissue sample) and microscopic examination. A thoracoscopy (inserting a tube with a camera into the chest) can be used to take biopsies. It allows the introduction of substances such as talc to obliterate the pleural space (called pleurodesis), which prevents more fluid from accumulating and pressing on the lung. Despite treatment with chemotherapy, radiation therapy or sometimes surgery, the disease carries a poor prognosis. Research about screening tests for the early detection of mesothelioma is ongoing.

How to Prevent Mesothelioma Cancer

noreply@blogger.com (happyfung) — Fri, 5 Sep 2008 00:19:00 -0700

Mesothelioma is a form of cancer that afflicts the tissues lining the body's organs, as well as the spaces in between them. It is one of the more problematic forms of cancer, since symptoms do not often appear until the disease reaches advanced stages. The best way to treat mesothelioma is to prevent its development altogether. That's most effectively accomplished by avoiding exposure to asbestos.

Instructions

Step1

Avoid contact with asbestos at all costs. Asbestos was once used extensively for a variety of purposes (like insulation and mining), and exposure to it is the number-one leading cause of mesothelioma. It is no longer prevalent in the United States, but there are still areas where it may be present, including old apartment buildings and condemned structures built prior to 1989.

Step2

Ask an expert to come to your home, place of business or wherever you intend to spend a majority of your time to verify there is no asbestos present. Don't attempt to remove the asbestos yourself, but instead hire someone who is qualified and trained in its removal.

Step3

Do not live with someone who works near asbestos. The fibers of asbestos can be transported via clothing and the skin, making it very easy to spread to other people. Even a few stray fibers are sometimes enough to cause mesothelioma.

Step4

Be aware that people over the age of 65 are more likely to develop mesothelioma, so be sure to receive regular checkups to keep tabs on your health once you approach and pass that age. Your body has had much more time to accumulate exposure to asbestos.