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        <title>Journal Live - Blog Central</title>
        <link>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/</link>
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        <language>en</language>
        <copyright>Copyright 2012</copyright>
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            <title>Hotter than hoped!</title>
            <description><![CDATA[<p>We finally got round to starting what will be a lengthy process of testing and analysis of what exactly lurks down the borehole - and the main thing to report so far is that the temperature down there is even higher than we'd dared to hope. </p>]]></description>
            <link>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/11/hotter-than-hoped.html</link>
            <guid>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/11/hotter-than-hoped.html</guid>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Professor Paul Younger</category>
            
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">paul younger</category>
            
            <pubDate>Wed, 02 Nov 2011 15:05:33 +0000</pubDate>
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        <item>
            <title>Making a silk purse from a sow's ear ... </title>
            <description><![CDATA[<p>We had a lot of interest both in the region and from national press (Independent, BBC Radio 5 Live) about the notion of a new "Mine on Tyne", in the very same area where our geothermal borehole was drilled: in the heart of the 24-acre 'Science Central' site, which will be built-out over the next decade or two to become both an exemplar of a modern sustainable built environment and the place where the University's sustainability research is headquartered.<br /></p>]]></description>
            <link>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/10/making-a-silk-purse-from-a-sow.html</link>
            <guid>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/10/making-a-silk-purse-from-a-sow.html</guid>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Professor Paul Younger</category>
            
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">paul younger</category>
            
            <pubDate>Thu, 13 Oct 2011 10:23:14 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Bottoming out</title>
            <description><![CDATA[<p>Well that unusual red sandstone that we met about one mile down persisted - all the way to 1800m in fact.  After that the rock type changed again, and we seemed to be in an unusual mixture of strata which we suppose are some of the oldest beds from the Carboniferous period. These unusual strata proved to be very hard, however, so drilling rates reduced considerably. Once it was clear that we weren't going to go back into the enticing red sandstones anytime soon, and when we got to the point where our coffers contained only small change, we decided to declare an end to deepening the borehole.  This was at a depth of 1821m - which gives us the deepest borehole ever drilled on Tyneside, and in fact the deepest direct heat use borehole in the UK (it's a wee bit deeper than the Southampton Borehole).</p>]]></description>
            <link>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/08/bottoming-out.html</link>
            <guid>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/08/bottoming-out.html</guid>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Professor Paul Younger</category>
            
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">boreholes</category>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">sandstone</category>
            
            <pubDate>Fri, 19 Aug 2011 13:59:21 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>The Milestone </title>
            <description><![CDATA[<p>The delicate side-tracking operation was handled brilliantly by the team from Geometric Cofor, and we've been drilling at full speed again for two days. We're presently at 1675m, and hope to reach our final depth early next week, all being well.<br />
 <br />
In the meantime, at 9pm on Thursday 7th of July our drill-bit finally passed the one-mile deep horizon.  The stone at one mile down - so our true "milestone" - is a red sandstone. That might not strike you as very odd - lots of sandstones are red where we see them at surface. Think of the beautiful sandstone in the cliffs below the Whin Sill at Bamburgh Castle, for instance: the same red sandstone out of which most of the castle itself is constructed. Normally, though, when we drill into the same sandstones at depth they are grey.  This is because the iron which the contain is in the form ("ferrous") which it adopts in the absence of oxygen.  Where sandstones are exposed to the air, they often change to a red colour (the colour of "ferric" iron). </p>]]></description>
            <link>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/07/the-milestone.html</link>
            <guid>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/07/the-milestone.html</guid>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Professor Paul Younger</category>
            
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">boreholes</category>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">fossils</category>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">sandstone</category>
            
            <pubDate>Fri, 08 Jul 2011 15:41:00 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Spear-fishing in central Newcastle</title>
            <description><![CDATA[<p>We were overwhelmed with the national (and then international) press response to our project when we decided to open the site to journalists on Monday 27th June. We knew there was plenty of interest, of course, after the terrific response to the first press day we held back in February, when the first rig was on site. </p>

<p>But partly because we'd had more coverage than we ever dreamt of back then, we really thought there would be limited interest this time - how wrong we were!  It was brilliant dealing with the press - I now really admire the spines of steel the journalists have, to do live broadcasts to news programmes every day: one day was nerve-wracking enough for me!</p>]]></description>
            <link>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/07/spear-fishing-in-central-newca.html</link>
            <guid>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/07/spear-fishing-in-central-newca.html</guid>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Professor Paul Younger</category>
            
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">boreholes</category>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">fossils</category>
            
            <pubDate>Sat, 02 Jul 2011 19:00:45 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>The Whin Sill strikes back ....</title>
            <description><![CDATA[<p>Well, we always knew there was a fair chance we'd hit another leaf of the Whin Sill, and so it has proved.  Drilling became very difficult again, and by early afternoon on Saturday 18th June, it was obvious that the drill bit was really struggling.  </p>

<p>Laura identified Whin Sill cuttings coming back up the borehole at 1060m depth, so it was time to pull back and get a fresh bit on the job.  Now we are down at more than a kilometre, it is a long job pulling all the rods out and inserting them all again with a fresh drill bit on the end.  However, drilling was underway again before dawn, and steady progress of about 2.5 m per hour has since been made through this new, lower leaf of the Whin Sill.  </p>

<p>It's a mixed blessing for us.  On the one hand, the Whin Sill has a very low ability to conduct heat, so it can serve as a "duvet", trapping useful heat deeper below ground.  In the long run, that's great; in the short run, it's a right pain to drill! </p>]]></description>
            <link>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/06/the-whin-sill-strikes-back.html</link>
            <guid>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/06/the-whin-sill-strikes-back.html</guid>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Professor Paul Younger</category>
            
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">Whin Sill</category>
            
            <pubDate>Sun, 19 Jun 2011 16:40:14 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Logging, casing, grouting ... and the temperature's rising!</title>
            <description><![CDATA[<p>Having won free of the Whin Sill and made brisk progress to 914m, the drill bit encountered very hard rock again and progress slowed to a crawl. At first, the drillers wondered if we'd hit a second leaf of the Whin Sill. Looking at my earlier predictions, this would have been a real surprise as, if we hit a second leaf at all, it shouldn't be until about 1200m.  </p>

<p>Laura Armstrong quickly inspected the cuttings (pictured below) and found that it wasn't whinstone at all, but gray recrystallised limestone.  When drops of acid were placed on it, it fizzed like crazy. We interpret this to be the Scar Limestone - a bed which forms prominent cliffs up in the Pennines.</p>

<p><img src="http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/laura-armstrong-examining-the-drill-cuttings-from-930m.jpg" width="505" height="337" alt="Laura Armstrong examining the drill cuttings from 930m"/></p>

<p>When we've drilled into it in Weardale it hasn't been particularly hard - so what explains the slow progress?  Well, it's possible that the recrystallisation process in the Newcastle area toughened it up more than usual. Also, in some places around Alston the Scar Limestone is rich in nodules of chert - essentially the same hard material as flint.  </p>]]></description>
            <link>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/06/logging-casing-grouting-and-th.html</link>
            <guid>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/06/logging-casing-grouting-and-th.html</guid>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Professor Paul Younger</category>
            
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">boreholes</category>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">British Geological Survey</category>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">Scar Limestone</category>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">Whin Sill</category>
            
            <pubDate>Thu, 16 Jun 2011 22:20:35 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>3,000 feet and beyond...</title>
            <description><![CDATA[<p>At 7 a.m. this morning the drill-bit reached 914m: a prosaic number in metric units, but a magical one in feet, as it's exactly 3,000', or as deep as the loftiest peaks in the Lake District are high! Imagine the mountain of Skiddaw in the Lake District, towering above the town of Keswick: our borehole is now as deep as that mountain is high, and by the time we are done, hopefully, the borehole will be twice as deep as that!</p>]]></description>
            <link>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/06/3000-feet-and-beyond.html</link>
            <guid>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/06/3000-feet-and-beyond.html</guid>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Professor Paul Younger</category>
            
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">boreholes</category>
            
            <pubDate>Mon, 13 Jun 2011 08:00:19 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Winning through the Whin Sill</title>
            <description><![CDATA[<p>Of all the challenges we anticipated we might encounter in drilling to great depth below Newcastle, three stood out: the risk of hitting old mineworkings; the possibility of encountering caves or large fissures in the many limestones below about 500m; and the likelihood of very slow drilling in the Whin Sill. </p>

<p><img alt="L to R - Jon Busby (BGS), Michael Feliks (DECC), Paul Younger (N'cl Univ) Dave Millward (BGS) and Karl Ward (N'cl Univ)" src="http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/crew505.jpg" width="505" height="307" class="mt-image-center" style="text-align: center; display: block; margin: 0 auto 20px;" /></p>

<p><em>L to R - Jon Busby (BGS), Michael Feliks (DECC), Paul Younger (N'cl Univ) Dave Millward (BGS) and Karl Ward (N'cl Univ)</em></p>

<p>Well, we managed to seal off the thirsty fractures associated with the old coal workings, and the limestones have been mercifully free of large fissures thus far - and the deeper we go the less likely they are to be fissured.  So the Great Whin Sill was beginning to stand alone as a major threat to progress. </p>]]></description>
            <link>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/06/winning-through-the-whin-sill.html</link>
            <guid>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/06/winning-through-the-whin-sill.html</guid>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Professor Paul Younger</category>
            
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">boreholes</category>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">British Geological Survey</category>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">Whin Sill</category>
            
            <pubDate>Sun, 12 Jun 2011 21:00:37 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>New coal in Newcastle</title>
            <description><![CDATA[<p>Drilling has been proceeding briskly, at more than 100m per day, and as of noon today the borehole was already at a depth of 650m - or 2,132 feet, if you prefer old units.  If you do, you are in good company, as so do our current drilling contractors, Geometric Drilling.  </p>

<p>This isn't some eccentricity on their part - it's actually down to the fact that the global oil and gas industry (in which Geometric normally work)  still works in the old-fashioned units favoured by the United States. For some reason the Americans call them "English Units", though when I lived and trained there I always pointed out that English scientists don't use such unwieldy, antiquated units anymore - and that even if we did, we'd have to insist on calling them "Imperial Units" (not a popular tag in a former colony!).</p>]]></description>
            <link>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/06/new-coal-in-newcastle.html</link>
            <guid>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/06/new-coal-in-newcastle.html</guid>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Professor Paul Younger</category>
            
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">boreholes</category>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">coal</category>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">limestone</category>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">sandstone</category>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">Whin Sill</category>
            
            <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jun 2011 13:00:10 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>The rods are turning again at last!</title>
            <description><![CDATA[<p>It's been two months since I last had anything interesting to report, but they've not been idle months for us. </p>

<p><img src="http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/boreholepaulyounger505.jpg" width="505" height="263" alt="Professor Paul Younger at the borehole site in Newcastle"/></p>

<p>We had always anticipated a gap of a few weeks between completion of the first phase of the borehole and the start of the main phase. When Drilcorp completed the first section of the borehole to 245.5m ahead of schedule, that made it look like we'd have four or five weeks to wait, while we finalised contractual arrangements with the specialist sub-contractors for the deeper reaches of the borehole. That job turned out to be a lot more challenging than we'd bargained for. </p>]]></description>
            <link>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/06/the-rods-are-turning-again-at.html</link>
            <guid>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/06/the-rods-are-turning-again-at.html</guid>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Professor Paul Younger</category>
            
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">boreholes</category>
            
            <pubDate>Mon, 06 Jun 2011 11:30:08 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Between rigs ...</title>
            <description><![CDATA[<p>We successfully concluded the installation of a casing (basically, a continuous steel tube in the borehole) to a depth of 245m.  We had to be sure and achieve the very best "grouting" (i.e. installation of cement) between the casing and the rock wall of the borehole. </p>

<p>In view of the fractures at 161m, this actually meant filling the borehole back to that level with grout, which we then had to drill out.  We completed all of that by Thursday 24th March, so the first drilling rig was then able to leave site. </p>

<p>Then on Monday 28th, we had a red letter day - the Minister for Energy and Climate Change, the Rt Hon Chris Huhne MP, came to visit the borehole project. As Minister Huhne's  Department are one of the main funders of the project, we were delighted he was able to visit us.</p>

<p>What an irony, though, after all the frantic activity, that his visit happened to fall in the only time in 6 weeks that there hasn't been a drilling rig on site! However, the Minister was very understanding, and indulged in the time-honoured practice of looking at the concrete cover and imagining the rocks and pipework down below.<br /></p>]]></description>
            <link>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/03/between-rigs.html</link>
            <guid>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/03/between-rigs.html</guid>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Professor Paul Younger</category>
            
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">boreholes</category>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">geothermal energy</category>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">Newcastle Science City Partnership</category>
            
            <pubDate>Thu, 31 Mar 2011 12:50:56 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Coal Measures - the Complete Works!</title>
            <description><![CDATA[<p>Well, we've done it: successfully traversed the potential perils of the Coal Measures - that's to say the 235m of strata which might have contained old mine workings. I was up at the site on Friday afternoon (March 11th) as the drill bit was approaching a depth of 234m, which was the depth at which we anticipated encountering the Brockwell Seam.  </p>

<p>Apart from a few wee spots where the slightly deeper Marshall Green and Victoria seams were worked (e.g. around Widdrington and Sacriston respectively), the Brockwell Seam is the deepest (and oldest) coal seam to have been routinely worked in the Great Northern Coalfield.</p>

<p>Bang on cue, the drill bit suddenly speeded up, and the rig cut through the Brockwell Seam like a knife through butter.  That was great, because if it had cut like a knife through thin air, we'd have had even greater problems maintaining flushing of the borehole with water.<br /></p>]]></description>
            <link>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/03/coal-measures---the-complete-w.html</link>
            <guid>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/03/coal-measures---the-complete-w.html</guid>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Professor Paul Younger</category>
            
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">boreholes</category>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">geothermal energy</category>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">Newcastle Science City Partnership</category>
            
            <pubDate>Tue, 15 Mar 2011 15:30:28 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>Answering queries ...</title>
            <description><![CDATA[<p>Thanks a million to all who have left questions and comments, and apologies for not responding sooner - it's been a bit busy!  I've prepared a few answers below. I DID try to do this via the comments function myself, but I got bombed out, so at least I've paid in sweat and tears for my delay in responding to you all!</p>

<p>Q: "Tim Marlton said: Sounds like a very exciting project. If heat is removed from the earth's core, the core will cool down a little faster than its normal rate - are there thought to be any side effects of this?"</p>

<p>A: Good question.  Actually it's not heat conducted from the Earth's core (or mantle) we're seeking here, but heat generated high up in the Earth's crust be slow, natural, harmless, radioactivity.  Although it is possible to "overdraw" this locally, most boreholes will function well for several decades before they need to be "rested".  In the meantime, replacement boreholes can be drilled nearby in good time.  The original boreholes can be brought back on line later.<br />
<br /><br />
</p>]]></description>
            <link>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/03/answering-queries.html</link>
            <guid>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/03/answering-queries.html</guid>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Professor Paul Younger</category>
            
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">boreholes</category>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">geothermal energy</category>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">Newcastle Science City Partnership</category>
            
            <pubDate>Wed, 09 Mar 2011 15:20:16 +0000</pubDate>
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            <title>The curious case of the letter 'b'</title>
            <description><![CDATA[<p>The wisdom of using the specialist services of Drilcorp to get us through the potential zones of old workings has now been thoroughly vindicated. Having sailed through the horizons of the High Main and Hutton coal seams - both of which might well have delayed us with lots of open voids - the next potential hurdle was the Harvey Seam (sometimes called the Beaumont Seam hereabouts) at about 168m.  </p>

<p>Now if you believe the old records, the Harvey wasn't actually accessed from the North Elswick Colliery shaft nearby.  However, as accurate mine plans were only kept routinely after about 1875, you can't be sure that you won't hit old workings, especially if the seam is thicker than about one metre.  (Even 0.5m seams were sometimes worked - spare a thought for the poor lads that had to do that!). <br /></p>]]></description>
            <link>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/03/the-curious-case-of-the-letter.html</link>
            <guid>http://blogs.journallive.co.uk/journalblogcentral/2011/03/the-curious-case-of-the-letter.html</guid>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#category">Professor Paul Younger</category>
            
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">boreholes</category>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">geothermal energy</category>
            
                <category domain="http://www.sixapart.com/ns/types#tag">Newcastle Science City Partnership</category>
            
            <pubDate>Wed, 09 Mar 2011 10:00:38 +0000</pubDate>
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