Fitness, Physio & Exercises

Quotations from Marilyn Moffat, WCPT President How physical therapists fight non-communicable disease throughout the lifespan

2011-09-01T11:14:00.002+05:30

These quotations from WCPT President Marilyn Moffat are for you to use in articles, or press
releases, or to give to the media to use in their articles. If you use them, please make sure they
are not altered, and they are correctly attributed. If you refer to “physiotherapists” rather than
“physical therapists” in your country, we suggest you change the text appropriately.
Non-communicable disease
“When the World Health Organization points out that physical inactivity is one of the leading risk
factors for global mortality, causing 3.2 deaths annually, and that physical activity can reduce
non-communicable diseases, it is clear that the profession has a major part to play. In any
global actions that emerge from the UN Summit on Non-Communicable Diseases in New York
on 19th and 20th September, physical therapists must be central to plans and implementation.”
Obesity
“Physical therapists, as exercise experts, join the worldwide concern for the ever growing
epidemic of obesity, which affects adults and children alike. It is probably one of the greatest
challenges to our health systems around the world in the 21st century.”
“There are two important interventions to prevent and manage obesity. One is optimal nutrition.
The other is increased exercise and physical activity. The potential contribution of physical
therapists to the latter approach is immense.”
“Physical activity is any movement of the body that requires the use of our skeletal muscles,
which in turn requires energy expenditure. This energy expenditure is basic to weight control.
Aerobic exercise prescriptions and recommendations for strength/resistance training must go
hand in hand with reduced food intake, and the progression of activity should be gradual,
scientifically based, and tailored individually to each person.”
Page 2 of 3
“It is important that the physical therapist finds the most appropriate activity for the individual,
so that they will not only enjoy the activity but also have a greater chance of staying with it.”
“There are numerous types of exercise prescriptions that the physical therapist may use in their
increasing effort to battle the obesity epidemic. The sooner all our nations begin to adopt
initiatives and programmes to combat obesity and other diseases of civilisation, the less will be
the burdens on health systems delivery around the world.”
Childhood obesity
“Physical therapists can play a major role in the worldwide obesity epidemic through prevention
programmes for children and adolescents, through advocacy in schools, communities, and
government agencies, and through prescribing increased volume of physical activity and
increased fitness in obese patients.”
Diabetes
“Thirty minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity on most days of the week in addition to a
healthy diet can drastically reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Physical therapists
have a significant role to play in the prevention, delaying, and management of diabetes.”
Cardiovascular disease
“Aerobic exercise increases people’s cardiac output, maximum heart rate, endurance, and
arterial blood flow. It may also enhance their blood lipid profiles. For people who already have
cardiovascular disease, prescribed aerobic exercise programmes by physical therapists can
reduce their risk long-term.”
“Aerobic conditioning activities such as running, rowing and walking along with resistance
strength training exercises have been shown to be inversely associated with the risk of
coronary heart disease.”
Age-related disease
“As we age, fat mass increases and aerobic capacity and muscle mass decrease if we don’t
get enough exercise. This means less oxygen is delivered to key organs, making daily
exercise even more difficult, and a vicious cycle can be set up – especially if sedentary
behaviour leads to conditions like heart disease. Routine daily activity can break the cycle,
reverse the decline, and lead to a longer life.”
“Activity has to be introduced carefully if a person is unfit, older, or has a chronic disease.
That’s where physical therapists come in. They examine the person, recommend exercises
that are safe and appropriate for them, and educate them about how to look for signs of
trouble.”
Page 3 of 3
Cancer
“Physical therapists’ role in reducing the risk of cancer, and helping people recover from its
effects, is an important one. The World Health Organization has this year drawn attention to
the role of physical activity in reducing cancers – 150 minutes a week of moderate physical
activity can reduce the risk of breast and colon cancers, according to WHO’s new Global
Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health.”
“The physical therapy contribution in cancer is a wide one. Studies have also indicated a
relationship between higher physical activity levels and lower mortality in cancer survivors.
One recent meta-analysis reported that, post-diagnosis, physical activity reduced breast cancer
deaths by 34% and disease recurrence by 24% (Ibrahim EM, Al-Homaidh A. Physical activity
and survival after breast cancer diagnosis: meta-analysis of published studies. Med Oncol.
2010 Apr 22).”
Marilyn Moffat is the President of the World Confederation for Physical Therapy, the profession’s global
body representing over 350,000 physical therapists around the world. This information may be freely
reproduced if unaltered and attributed to Dr Marilyn Moffat, President of WCPT.

The role of physical therapy in cancer

2011-09-01T11:13:00.000+05:30

Physical therapists are exercise experts, providing support for a wide range of people to
optimise their physical ability. They prescribe exercise as part of a structured, safe and effective
programme.
Their skills can help in preventing and treating the four main non-communicable diseases in the
world, as identified by the United Nations: cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, diabetes
and cancer.
Cancer is an umbrella term used to describe more than 100 different diseases with the
common characteristic of uncontrolled malignant cell growth. It is a leading and growing cause
of death worldwide, with the total number of cases globally increasing, as the world population
grows and ages.
The growing global population with cancer faces unique challenges – from their disease and
from the treatments they receive. Physical therapists can make a unique contribution to helping
them achieve health and a good quality of life. The prescribed exercises and lifestyle advice
that physical therapists provide can also help people reduce their risk of getting cancer.
Cancer facts
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and accounted for 7.6 million deaths (around
13% of all deaths) in 2008.
Source: International Agency for Research on Cancer
http://globocan.iarc.fr/factsheets/populations/factsheet.asp?uno=900
Deaths from cancer worldwide are projected to continue to rise to over 11 million in 2030.
More than 30% of cancer can be prevented by modifying or avoiding key risk factors, including:
 being overweight or obese
 physical inactivity.
Other risk factors include:
 tobacco use
 low fruit and vegetable intake
Page 2 of 3
 alcohol use
 HPV-infection
 urban air pollution
 indoor smoke from household use of solid fuels.
Source: World Health Organization
www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/
The link between physical activity and cancer
Large population studies have identified a strong association between lower levels of physical
activity and higher cancer mortality. Walking or cycling an average of 30 minutes per day has
been associated with a 34% lower rate of cancer death and a 33% improved cancer survival.
Source: Orsini N, Mantzoros C S et al. Association of physical activity with cancer incidence,
mortality, and survival: a population based study of men. British Journal of Cancer. 2008 98:
1864-1869
Increasing numbers of studies are indicating that physical activity can reduce the incidence of
cancer. World Health Organization recommendations say that undertaking 150 minutes of
moderate intensity aerobic physical activity a week can reduce the risk of breast and colon
cancers. The same amount of exercise can also reduce the risk of diabetes and heart disease.
Source: Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, released by the World Health
Organization in 2011
http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_recommendations/en/index.html
According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer: “Physical activity is one risk
factor for non-communicable diseases which is modifiable and therefore of great potential
public health significance. Changing the level of physical activity raises challenges for the
individual but also at societal level.”
http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=37467&Cr=cancer&Cr1
Physical activity helps people with the effects of treatment for cancer
A systematic review of controlled trials of physical activity interventions in cancer survivors,
during and after treatment, showed that physical activity had a significant effect. A large effect
was shown on upper and lower body strength, and a moderate effects on fatigue and breastcancer-
specific concerns. Exercise was generally well-tolerated during and after treatment, with
minimal adverse events. The study abstracted data from over 82 studies.
Source: Speck RM, Courneya KS et al. An update of controlled physical activity trials in cancer
survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Cancer Surviv. 2010 Jun;4(2):87-100.
A panel of experts convened by the American College of Sports Medicine concluded that
exercise training is safe during and after cancer treatments and results in improvements in
physical functioning, quality of life and cancer-related fatigue in several cancer survivor groups.
Page 3 of 3
Source: Schmitz KH, Courneya KS et al. American College of Sports Medicine roundtable on
exercise guidelines for cancer survivors. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 Jul;42(7):1409-26.
Physical activity helps improve outcomes for people with cancer
Studies have indicated a relationship between higher physical activity levels and lower mortality
in cancer survivors. A recent meta-analysis reported that, post-diagnosis, physical activity
reduced breast cancer deaths by 34%, all causes mortality by 41% and disease recurrence by
24%.
Source: Ibrahim EM, Al-Homaidh A. Physical activity and survival after breast cancer diagnosis:
meta-analysis of published studies. Med Oncol. 2010 Apr 22.
Studies also indicate the volume of exercise necessary to bring benefits. The Nurses’ Health
Study reported 50% fewer cancer recurrences in women who exercised more than three hours
per week. Among people who have had colo-rectal cancer, a study found a 50% lower rate of
recurrence and related death in those who exercised more than six hours per week.
Source: Holmes, MD, Chen WY et al. Physical activity and survival after breast cancer
diagnosis. JAMA 2005 293: 2479-2486.
Meyerhardt J A, Giovannucci E L et al. Physical Activity and Survival After Colorectal Cancer
Diagnosis. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2006 Vol 24, No 22 (August 1): 3527-3534.
Current lack of physical activity among people with cancer
Generally, cancer survivors display low levels of physically activity. A study has reported that in
Canada less than 22% of cancer survivors are physically active.
Source: Courneya KS, Katzmarzyk PT et al. Physical activity and obesity in Canadian cancer
survivors: population-based estimates from the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey.
Cancer 2008 Jun;112(11):2475-82.
This information may be freely reproduced with acknowledgement to WCPT. It is designed as a
resource, and does not necessarily represent an official WCPT view or policy. It was produced
with the kind assistance of Julie Walsh-Broderick, HRB Research Fellow, Department of
Physiotherapy, Trinity Centre for Health Science, St James’s Hospital, Dublin.

Article about physical therapy
The article below has been written by WCPT for you to publish in your newsletters, magazines
and journals, or to pass on to other publications as background information. Please note that
although WCPT is happy for you to reproduce this article, if you are making any changes they
should be checked with the WCPT Secretariat. If you refer to “physiotherapists” rather than
“physical therapists” in your country, we suggest you change the text appropriately.
Physical therapists at the heart of the global battle against cancer
By Marilyn Moffat, President of the World Confederation for Physical Therapy
This September the United Nations will hold its first ever summit on non-communicable disease
- only the second such meeting to focus on global disease. The summit, involving heads of
state, is an official recognition that non-communicable diseases (cardiovascular diseases,
chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes and cancer) are an increasing global health challenge.
They already claim 35 million lives a year – around 60 per cent of deaths.
For physical therapists, the official recognition that a global strategy is required to reduce this
burden of disability and deaths is highly significant. The profession of physical therapy, known
in some countries as physiotherapy, helps millions of people every year to prevent these
conditions and their risk factors – most importantly obesity. They also manage their effects,
along with the effects of aging, illness, accidents, and the stresses and strains of life.
Physical therapists specialise in human movement and physical activity, promoting health,
fitness, and wellness. They identify physical impairments, limitations, and disabilities that
prevent people from being as active and independent as they might be, and then they find ways
of overcoming them. They maximise people’s movement potential.
So when the World Health Organization points out that physical inactivity is one of the leading
risk factors for global mortality, causing 3.2 deaths annually, and that physical activity can
reduce non-communicable diseases, it is clear that the profession has a major part to play. In
any global actions that emerge from the UN Summit on Non-Communicable Diseases in New
York on 19th and 20th September, physical therapists must be central to plans and
implementation.
Page 2 of 2
That is why World Physical Therapy Day, held every year on 8th September, is particularly
important this year. It is a day when physical therapists can publicise their work, educate the
public and policy makers about what they do, and try and ensure that the public benefit from
their skills.
Many people do not recognise the contribution physical therapists make in keeping people
healthy and independent. This year on World Physical Therapy Day, WCPT is particularly
drawing attention to physical therapists’ role in reducing the risk of cancer, and helping people
recover from its effects. The World Health Organization has this year drawn attention to the role
of physical activity in reducing cancers – 150 minutes a week of moderate physical activity can
reduce the risk of breast and colon cancers, according to WHO’s new Global
Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health.
But the physical therapy contribution in cancer goes wider than that. Studies have also
indicated a relationship between higher physical activity levels and lower mortality in cancer
survivors. One recent meta-analysis reported that, post-diagnosis, physical activity reduced
breast cancer deaths by 34% and disease recurrence by 24% (Ibrahim EM, Al-Homaidh A.
Physical activity and survival after breast cancer diagnosis: meta-analysis of published studies.
Med Oncol. 2010 Apr 22). Another meta-analysis found that exercise brings people with breast
cancer improved peak oxygen consumption and reduced fatigue (McNeely ML, Campbell KL et
al. Effects of exercise on breast cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review and metaanalysis.
CMAJ. 2006 Jul 4;175(1) 34-41).
I conduct workshops around the world, demonstrating how adults with chronic health problems
can improve their health by learning how to exercise safely under the guidance and instruction
of physical therapists. Activity has to be introduced carefully if a person is overweight, unfit,
older, or has a chronic disease. Physical therapists do this by examining the person,
recommending exercises that are safe and appropriate for them, and educating them about
how to look for signs of trouble.
This makes them the ideal professionals to prescribe exercise programmes for cancer.
According to the World Health Organisation, cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and
accounted for 7.6 million deaths (around 13% of all deaths) in 2008. Deaths from cancer
worldwide are projected to continue to rise to over 11 million in 2030, yet more than 30% of
cancer deaths can be prevented.
Physical therapy doesn’t just mean more healthy people, but more productive people who can
contribute to countries’ economies. Their services are provided in an atmosphere of trust and
respect for human dignity and underpinned by sound clinical reasoning and scientific evidence.
These are important messages that physical therapists want to convey to the world every day,
but especially on 8th September, World Physical Therapy Day. The message is clear: physical
therapists are the movement, physical activity, and exercise experts and a resource in the
battle against non-communicable disease that should never be overlooked.
This information may be freely reproduced if unaltered and attributed to Dr Marilyn Moffat, President of
WCPT.

Physical therapy

2011-08-22T11:31:00.002+05:30

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Physical therapy
Intervention
Military Physical Therapists working with patients on balance problems, orthopedic/musculoskeletal injuries, amputee, compression wrapping to control edema, and during evaluation/assessment of strength, flexibility, and joint range of motion
ICD-9-CM	93.0-93.3
MeSH	D026741

‹ The template below (Sidebar with heading backgrounds) is being considered for deletion. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus.›

Disability

Theory and models
Disability theory · Ableism / Disablism Medical model · Social model
Education
Mainstreaming Individualized Education Program (IEP) Special needs · Special school Special education · Learning disability
Therapy
Physical therapy · Occupational therapy Speech therapy
Societal implications
Disability rights movement · inclusion People-first language · Pejorative terms
Personal / physical assistance
Personal care assistant Activities of daily living Orthotics and braces · Prosthetics Assistive technology · Mobility aids Physical accessibility · Universal design Web accessibility
Socioeconomic assistance
Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Ticket to Work Disability Living Allowance (DLA) Ontario Disability Support Program Disabled students allowance Disabled Persons Railcard Freedom Pass
Groups and organizations
Society for Disability Studies Disabled Peoples' International (DPI) Visitability
Disabled sports
Special Olympics · Paralympics Deaflympics · Extremity Games
Culture
Disability in the arts Disability in the media
Disability portal · category · lists
v · d · e

Physical therapy (or physiotherapy), often abbreviated PT, is a health care profession. Physical therapy is concerned with identifying and maximizing quality of life and movement potential within the spheres of promotion, prevention, treatment/intervention, habilitation and rehabilitation. This encompasses physical, psychological, emotional, and social well being. Physical therapy involves the interaction between physical therapist, patients/clients, other health professionals, families, care givers, and communities in a process where movement potential is assessed and goals are agreed upon, using knowledge and skills unique to physical therapists. ^[1] Physical therapy is performed by a physical therapist (PT) or physiotherapist (physio), and sometimes services are provided by a physical therapist assistant (PTA) acting under their direction.^[2] PTs are healthcare professionals who diagnose and treat individuals of all ages, from newborns to the very oldest, who have medical problems or other health-related conditions, illnesses, or injuries that limit their abilities to move and perform functional activities as well as they would like in their daily lives.^[3] PTs use an individual's history and physical examination to arrive at a diagnosis and establish a management plan and, when necessary, incorporate the results of laboratory and imaging studies. Electrodiagnostic testing (e.g., electromyograms and nerve conduction velocity testing) may also be of assistance.^[4] PT management commonly includes prescription of or assistance with specific exercises, manual therapy, education, manipulation and other interventions. In addition, PTs work with individuals to prevent the loss of mobility before it occurs by developing fitness and wellness-oriented programs for healthier and more active lifestyles, providing services to individuals and populations to develop, maintain and restore maximum movement and functional ability throughout the lifespan. This includes providing services in circumstances where movement and function are threatened by aging, injury, disease or environmental factors. Functional movement is central to what it means to be healthy.
Physical therapy has many specialties including cardiopulmonary, geriatrics, neurologic, orthopaedic and pediatrics. PTs practice in many settings, such as outpatient clinics or offices, inpatient rehabilitation facilities, skilled nursing facilities, extended care facilities, private homes, education and research centers, schools, hospices, industrial workplaces or other occupational environments, fitness centers and sports training facilities.^[5]
Physical therapists also practice in non-patient care roles such as health policy,^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] health insurance, health care administration and as health care executives.^[10]^[11] Physical therapists are involved in the medical-legal field serving as experts, performing peer review and independent medical examinations.^[12]
Education qualifications vary greatly by country. The span of education ranges from some countries having little formal education to others requiring masters or doctoral degrees.

[hide]

[edit] History

Physicians like Hippocrates and later Galenus are believed to have been the first practitioners of physical therapy, advocating massage, manual therapy techniques and hydrotherapy to treat people in 460 B.C.^[13]^{[verification needed]} After the development of orthopedics in the eighteenth century, machines like the Gymnasticon were developed to treat gout and similar diseases by systematic exercise of the joints, similar to later developments in physical therapy.^[14]
The earliest documented origins of actual physical therapy as a professional group date back to Per Henrik Ling, “Father of Swedish Gymnastics,” who founded the Royal Central Institute of Gymnastics (RCIG) in 1813 for massage, manipulation, and exercise. The Swedish word for physical therapist is “sjukgymnast” = “sick-gymnast.” In 1887, PTs were given official registration by Sweden’s National Board of Health and Welfare.
Other countries soon followed. In 1894 four nurses in Great Britain formed the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy.^[15] The School of Physiotherapy at the University of Otago in New Zealand in 1913,^[16] and the United States' 1914 Reed College in Portland, Oregon, which graduated "reconstruction aides."^[17]
Modern physical therapy was established in Britain towards the end of the 19th century. Soon following American orthopedic surgeons began treating children with disabilities and began employing women trained in physical education, massage, and remedial exercise. These treatments were applied and promoted further during the Polio outbreak of 1916. During the First World War women were recruited to work with and restore physical function to injured soldiers, and the field of physical therapy was institutionalized. In 1918 the term "Reconstruction Aide" was used to refer to individuals practicing physical therapy. The first school of physical therapy was established at Walter Reed Army Hospital in Washtington D.C. following the outbreak of World War I.^[18]
Research catalyzed the physical therapy movement. The first physical therapy research was published in the United States in March 1921 in "The PT Review." In the same year, Mary McMillan organized the Physical Therapy Association (now called the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). In 1924, the Georgia Warm Springs Foundation promoted the field by touting physical therapy as a treatment for polio.^[19]
Treatment through the 1940s primarily consisted of exercise, massage, and traction. Manipulative procedures to the spine and extremity joints began to be practiced, especially in the British Commonwealth countries, in the early 1950s.^[20]^[21] Later that decade, physical therapists started to move beyond hospital-based practice to outpatient orthopedic clinics, public schools, colleges/universities, geriatric settings (skilled nursing facilities), rehabilitation centers and medical centers.
In 1921 in the United States physical therapists formed the first professional association called the American Women's Physical Therapeutic Association. This gave birth to what is known today as the APTA (American Physical Therapy Association), and currently represents approximately 76,000 members throughout the United States. The APTA defines physical therapy as: "clinical applications in the restoration, maintenance, and promotion of optimal physical function."^[22]
Specialization for physical therapy in the U.S. occurred in 1974, with the Orthopaedic Section of the APTA being formed for those physical therapists specializing in orthopaedics. In the same year, the International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists was formed,^[23] which has ever since played an important role in advancing manual therapy worldwide.

[edit] Education

Main article: Physical therapy education

World Confederation of Physical Therapy (WCPT) recognises there is considerable diversity in the social, economic, cultural, and political environments in which physical therapist education is conducted throughout the world. WCPT recommends physical therapist entry-level educational programs be based on university or university-level studies, of a minimum of four years, independently validated and accredited as being at a standard that accords graduates full statutory and professional recognition. [2] WCPT acknowledges there is innovation and variation in program delivery and in entry-level qualifications, including first university degrees (Bachelors/Baccalaureate/Licensed or equivalent), Masters and Doctorate entry qualifications. What is expected is that any program should deliver a curriculum that will enable physical therapists to attain the knowledge, skills, and attributes described in these guidelines. Professional education prepares physical therapists to be autonomous practitioners, that may work in collaboration with other members of the health care team.[7]
Physical therapist entry-level educational programs integrate theory, evidence and practice along a continuum of learning. This begins with admission to an accredited physical therapy program and ending with retirement from active practice.[2]
206 of 213 accredited physical therapy programs in the US are accredited at the doctoral level offering the Doctor of Physical Therapy degree (DPT)
The physical therapist professional curriculum includes content and learning experiences in the clinical sciences (e.g., content about the cardiovascular, pulmonary, endocrine, metabolic, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, integumentary, musculoskeletal, and neuromuscular systems and the medical and surgical conditions frequently seen by physical therapists)
Curriculum related to Patient/Client Management^[24] includes:

Screening to determine when patients/clients need further examination or consultation by a physicaltherapist or referral to another health care professional.
Examination: Examine patients/clients by obtaining a history from them and from other sources. Examine patients/clients by performing systems reviews. Examine patients/clients by selecting and administering culturally appropriate and age related tests and measures. Tests and measures include, but are not limited to, those that assess: a. Aerobic Capacity/Endurance, b. Anthropometric Characteristics, c. Arousal, Attention, and Cognition, d. Assistive and Adaptive Devices, e. Circulation (Arterial, Venous, Lymphatic), f. Cranial and Peripheral Nerve Integrity, g. Environmental, Home, and Work (Job/School/Play) Barriers, h. Ergonomics and Body Mechanics, i. Gait, Locomotion, and Balance, j. Integumentary Integrity, k. Joint Integrity and Mobility, l. Motor Function (Motor Control and Motor Learning), m. Muscle Performance (including Strength, Power, and Endurance), n. Neuromotor Development and Sensory Integration, o. Orthotic, Protective, and Supportive Devices, p. Pain, q. Posture, r. Prosthetic Requirements, s. Range of Motion (including Muscle Length), t. Reflex Integrity, u. Self-Care and Home Management (including activities of daily living [ADL] and instrumental activities of daily living [IADL]), v. Sensory Integrity, w. Ventilation and Respiration/Gas Exchange, x. Work (Job/School/Play), Community, and Leisure Integration or Reintegration (including IADL)
Evaluation: Evaluate data from the examination (history, systems review, and tests and measures) to make clinical judgments regarding patients/clients.
Diagnosis: Determine a diagnosis that guides future patient/client management.
Prognosis: Determine patient/client prognoses.
Plan of Care: Collaborate with patients/clients, family members, payers, other professionals, and other individuals to determine a plan of care that is acceptable, realistic, culturally competent, and patient-centered.
Intervention:Provide physical therapy interventions to achieve patient/client goals and outcomes. Interventions include: a. Therapeutic Exercise, b. Functional Training in Self-Care and Home Management, c. Functional Training in Work (Job/School/Play), Community, and Leisure Integration or Reintegration, d. Manual Therapy Techniques (including Mobilization/Manipulation Thrust and Nonthrust Techniques), e. Prescription, Application, and, as Appropriate, Fabrication of Devices and Equipment, f. Airway Clearance Techniques, g. Integumentary Repair and Protection Techniques, h. Electrotherapeutic Modalities,
Provide effective culturally competent instruction to patients/clients and others to achieve goals and outcomes.
Prevention, Health Promotion, Fitness, and Wellness: Provide culturally competent physical therapy services for prevention, health promotion, fitness, and wellness to individuals, groups, and communities. Apply principles of prevention to defined population groups.
Students completing a Doctor of Physical Therapy program are also required to successfully complete clinical internships prior to graduation.

[edit] Specialty areas

Because the body of knowledge of physical therapy is quite large, some PTs specialize in a specific clinical area. While there are many different types of physical therapy,^[25] the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties list eight specialist certifications.

[edit] Cardiovascular & Pulmonary

Cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation physical therapists treat a wide variety of individuals with cardiopulmonary disorders or those who have had cardiac or pulmonary surgery. Primary goals of this specialty include increasing endurance and functional independence. Manual therapy is used in this field to assist in clearing lung secretions experienced with cystic fibrosis. Disorders, including heart attacks, post coronary bypass surgery, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis, treatments can benefit^{[citation needed]} from cardiovascular and pulmonary specialized physical therapists.^[26]^{[verification needed]}

[edit] Clinical Electrophysiology

This specialty area encompasses electrotherapy/physical agents, electrophysiological evaluation (EMG/NCV), physical agents, and wound management.

[edit] Geriatric

Geriatric physical therapy covers a wide area of issues concerning people as they go through normal adult aging but is usually focused on the older adult. There are many conditions that affect many people as they grow older and include but are not limited to the following: arthritis, osteoporosis, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, hip and joint replacement, balance disorders, incontinence, etc. Geriatric physical therapists specialize in treating older adults.

[edit] Integumentary

Integumentary (treatment of conditions involving the skin and related organs). Common conditions managed include wounds and burns. Physical therapists utilize surgical instruments, mechanical lavage, dressings and topical agents to debride necrotic tissue and promote tissue healing. Other commonly used interventions include exercise, edema control, splinting, and compression garments.

[edit] Neurological

Neurological physical therapy is a field focused on working with individuals who have a neurological disorder or disease. These include Alzheimer's disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), ALS, brain injury, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, and stroke. Common impairments associated with neurologic conditions include impairments of vision, balance, ambulation, activities of daily living, movement, muscle strength and loss of functional independence.^[26] Physiotherapy can address many of these impairments and aid in restoring and maintaining function, slowing disease progression, and improving quality of life.

[edit] Orthopedic

Orthopedic physical therapists diagnose, manage, and treat disorders and injuries of the musculoskeletal system including rehabilitation after orthopaedic surgery. This specialty of physical therapy is most often found in the out-patient clinical setting. Orthopedic therapists are trained in the treatment of post-operative orthopedic procedures, fractures, acute sports injuries, arthritis, sprains, strains, back and neck pain, spinal conditions and amputations.
Joint and spine mobilization/manipulation, therapeutic exercise, neuromuscular reeducation, hot/cold packs, and electrical muscle stimulation (e.g., cryotherapy, iontophoresis, electrotherapy) are modalities often used to expedite recovery in the orthopedic setting.^[27]^{[verification needed]} Additionally, an emerging adjunct to diagnosis and treatment is the use of sonography for diagnosis and to guide treatments such as muscle retraining.^[28]^[29]^[30] Those who have suffered injury or disease affecting the muscles, bones, ligaments, or tendons will benefit from assessment by a physical therapist specialized in orthopedics.

[edit] Pediatric

Pediatric physical therapy assists in early detection of health problems and uses a wide variety of modalities to treat disorders in the pediatric population. These therapists are specialized in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of infants, children, and adolescents with a variety of congenital, developmental, neuromuscular, skeletal, or acquired disorders/diseases. Treatments focus on improving gross and fine motor skills, balance and coordination, strength and endurance as well as cognitive and sensory processing/integration. Children with developmental delays, cerebral palsy, spina bifida, or torticollis may be treated^{[citation needed]} by pediatric physical therapists.^[26]^{[verification needed]}

[edit] Sports

Physical therapists can be involved in the care of athletes from recreational to professional and Olympians. This area of practice (Athletic Training) includes athletic injury management, including acute care, treatment and rehabilitation, prevention, and education.

[edit] Women's health

Women's health physical therapy addresses women's issues related to child birth, and post partum. These conditions include lymphedema, osteoporosis, pelvic pain, prenatal and post partum periods, and urinary incontinence.^[31]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

^ Description of Physical Therapy – The World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT)
^ American Physical Therapy Association. "Discovering Physical Therapy. What is physical therapy". American Physical Therapy Association. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
^ "Physical Therapists". US Department of Labor. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
^ American Physical Therapy Association Section on Clinical Electrophysiology and Wound Management. "Curriculum Content Guidelines for Electrophysiologic Evaluation" (PDF). Educational Guidelines. American Physical Therapy Association. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
^ American Physical Therapy Association (2008-01-17). "APTA Background Sheet 2008". American Physical Therapy Association. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
^ Health policy implications for patient education in physical therapy http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3956/is_199901/ai_n8843473/
^ Initiatives in Rehabilitation Research http://ptjournal.apta.org/cgi/content/full/86/1/141
^ Gail M. Jensen, PhD, PT, FAPTA http://chpe.creighton.edu/people/profiles/jensen.htm
^ Smith joins Health Policy & Administration faculty http://www.wsutoday.wsu.edu/pages/publications.asp?Action=Detail&PublicationID=21304&TypeID=3
^ DPT/MBA Program http://www.goizueta.emory.edu/degree/fulltimemba/DPT-MBA.html
^ Orozco Appointed CEO of Rancho http://pt.usc.edu/SubLayout.aspx?id=2682
^ WHY DO WE OFFER PHYSICAL THERAPY CONSULTATIVE SERVICES? http://www.imxmed.com/pt_services.html
^ Wharton MA. Health Care Systems I; Slippery Rock University. 1991
^ Sarah Bakewell, "Illustrations from the Wellcome Institute Library: Medical Gymnastics and the Cyriax Collection," Medical History 41 (1997), 487–495.
^ Chartered Society of Physiotherapy (n.d.). "History of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy". Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
^ Knox, Bruce (2007-01-29). "History of the School of Physiotherapy". School of Physiotherapy Centre for Physiotherapy Research. University of Otago. Archived from the original on 2007-12-24. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
^ Reed College (n.d.). "Mission and History". About Reed. Reed College. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
^ http://beckerexhibits.wustl.edu/mowihsp/health/PTdevel.htm
^ Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute (n.d.). "History". About Us. Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
^ McKenzie, R A (1998). The cervical and thoracic spine: mechanical diagnosis and therapy. New Zealand: Spinal Publications Ltd.. pp. 16–20. ISBN 978-0959774672.
^ McKenzie, R (2002). "Patient Heal Thyself". Worldwide Spine & Rehabilitation 2 (1): 16–20.
^ http://www.apta.org//AM/Template.cfm?Section=&WebsiteKey=
^ Basson, Annalie (2010). "History: Abridged version of IFOMPT History". International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists (IFOMPT). Retrieved 2011-01-09.
^ Commission on Acredidation in Physical Therapy Education Criteria http://www.apta.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=PT_Programs3&TEMPLATE=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&CONTENTID=62414
^ American Physical Therapy Association (n.d.). "APTA Sections". American Physical Therapy Association. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
^ ^a ^b ^c Inverarity, Laura; Grossman, K (2007-11-28). "Types of Physical Therapy". About.com. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
^ Cameron, Michelle H. (2003). Physical agents in rehabilitation: from research to practice. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-9378-4.
^ Bunce SM, Moore AP, Hough AD (May 2002). "M-mode ultrasound: a reliable measure of transversus abdominis thickness?". Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 17 (4): 315–7. doi:10.1016/S0268-0033(02)00011-6. PMID 12034127.
^ Wallwork TL, Hides JA, Stanton WR (October 2007). "Intrarater and interrater reliability of assessment of lumbar multifidus muscle thickness using rehabilitative ultrasound imaging". J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 37 (10): 608–12. PMID 17970407.
^ Henry SM, Westervelt KC (June 2005). "The use of real-time ultrasound feedback in teaching abdominal hollowing exercises to healthy subjects". J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 35 (6): 338–45. PMID 16001905.
^ http://www.womenshealthapta.org/plp/index.cfm

Every computer user must watch !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

2011-08-18T12:20:00.001+05:30

A very illustrative video to prevent Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSI) when using computer, Also Parents please aware of the postural deformities, Muscle weakness, Eye problems, laziness, stress, depression, generalized malaise which occurs to your young ones when they are free to use computers for playing games or web search.. Please be a mentor for their physical and psychological well being instead of jargon computer games.. These physical games enhances they mood, sweats out their energy so that they tend to eat more healthily which in turn reduces childhood obesity (infantile obesity, teenage obesity).

Most Common For Computer Users !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Repetitive strain injury (RSI) (also known as repetitive stress injury, repetitive motion injuries, repetitive motion disorder (RMD), cumulative trauma disorder (CT), occupational overuse syndrome, overuse syndrome, regional musculoskeletal disorder) is an injury of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems that may be caused by repetitive tasks, forceful exertions, vibrations, mechanical compression (pressing against hard surfaces), or sustained or awkward positions. Different sections of this article present contrasting perspectives regarding the causes of RSI.
Types of RSIs that affect computer users may include non-specific arm pain or work related upper limb disorder (WRULD). Conditions such as RSI tend to be associated with both physical and psychosocial stressors.

Causes

Gloves to avoid RSI during typing.

RSI is believed by many to be caused due to lifestyle without ergonomic care^{[citation needed]}, E.g. While working in front of computers, driving, traveling etc. Simple reasons like 'Using a blunt knife for everyday chopping of vegetables', may cause RSI.
Other typical habits that some sources believe lead to RSI:^{[citation needed]}

Reading or doing tasks for extended periods of time while looking down.
Sleeping on an inadequate bed/mattress or sitting in a bad armchair and/or in an uncomfortable position.
Carrying heavy items.
Holding one's phone between neck and shoulder.
Watching TV in incorrect position e.g. Too much to the left/right.
Sleeping with head forward, while traveling.
Prolonged use of the hands, wrists, back, neck, etc.

Treatment

On their own, most RSIs will resolve spontaneously provided the area is first given enough rest when the RSI first begins. However, without such care, some RSIs have been known to persist for years, or have needed to be cured with surgery.
The most often prescribed treatments for repetitive strain injuries are rest, exercise, braces and massage. A variety of medical products also are available to augment these therapies. Since the computer workstation is frequently blamed for RSIs, particularly of the hand and wrist, ergonomic adjustments of the workstation are often recommended.

Ergonomics

Modifications of posture and arm use (ergonomics) are often recommended.

Ergonomics: the science of designing the job, equipment, and workplace

Exercise

Exercise decreases the risk of developing RSI.

Doctors sometimes recommend that RSI sufferers engage in specific strengthening exercises, for example to improve posture.
In light of the fact that a lifestyle that involves sitting at a computer for extended periods of time increases the probability that an individual will develop excessive kyphosis, theoretically the same exercises that are prescribed for thoracic outlet syndrome or kyphotic postural correction would benefit an RSI sufferer.
Some sources recommend motoric exercises and ergo-aerobics to decrease chances of strain injury. Ergo-aerobics target touch typists and people who often use computer keyboard.

Adaptive hardware

Adaptive technology ranging from special keyboards, mouse replacements to pen tablet interfaces might help improve comfort.

Mouse

Switching to a much more ergonomic mouse, such as a roller mouse, vertical mouse or joystick, or switching from using a mouse to a stylus pen with graphic tablet may provide relief, but in chronic RSI they may result only in moving the problem to another area. Using a graphic tablet for general pointing, clicking, and dragging (i.e. not drawing) may take some time to get used to as well. Switching to a trackpad or pointing stick, which requires no gripping or tensing of the muscles in the arms may help as well. Inertial mice (which do not require a surface to operate) might offer an alternative where the user's arm is in a less stressful thumbs up position rather than rotated to thumb inward when holding a normal mouse. Also, since they do not need a surface to operate ("air mice" function by small, forceless, wrist rotations), the wrist and arm can be supported by the desktop.

Keyboards and keyboard alternatives

Exotic keyboards by manufacturers such as Datahand, OrbiTouch, Maltron and Kinesis are available. Also one can use digital pens to avoid the strain coming from typing itself. Other solutions move the mode of input from one's hands entirely. These include the use of voice recognition software or pedals designed for ergonomics and gaming to supplant normal keyboard input.

Adaptive software

Main article: List of Repetitive Strain Injury software

There are several kinds of software designed to help in Repetitive Strain Injury. Among them, there are speech recognition software, and break timers. Break timers software reminds the user to pause frequently and perform exercises while working behind a computer. There is also automated mouse-clicking software that has been developed, which can automate repetitive tasks in games and applications.

KOUSHIK's Health line

Are Whole Eggs or Egg Whites Better for You?

2011-08-12T14:20:00.000+05:30

Are Whole Eggs or Egg Whites Better for You?

by Mike Geary, Certified Nutrition Specialist, Certified Personal Trainer
Author - The Truth About 6-Pack AbsÂ

I was on a weekend trip with some friends recently and one of my friends was cooking breakfast for the whole group. I went over to see what he was cooking and saw he was getting ready to make a big batch of eggs.

Well, to my shock and horror, I noticed that he was cracking the eggs open and screening the egg whites into a bowl and throwing out the egg yolks. I asked him why the heck he was throwing out the egg yolks, and he replied something like this...

"because I thought the egg yolks were terrible for you...that's where all the nasty fat and cholesterol is".

And I replied, "you mean that's where all of the nutrition is!"

This is a perfect example of how confused most people are about nutrition. In a world full of misinformation about nutrition, somehow most people now mistakenly think that the egg yolk is the worst part of the egg, when in fact, the YOLK IS THE HEALTHIEST PART OF THE EGG!

By throwing out the yolk and only eating egg whites, you're essentially throwing out the most nutrient dense, antioxidant-rich, vitamin and mineral loaded portion of the egg. The yolks contain so many B-vitamins, trace minerals, vitamin A, folate, choline, lutein, and other powerful nutrients... it's not even worth trying to list them all.

In fact, the egg whites are almost devoid of nutrition compared to the yolks.

Even the protein in egg whites isn't as powerful without the yolks to balance out the amino acid profile and make the protein more bio-available. Not to even mention that the egg yolks from free range chickens are loaded with healthy omega-3 fatty acids.

Yolks contain more than 90% of the calcium, iron, phosphorus, zinc, thiamin, B6, folate, and B12, and panthothenic acid of the egg. In addition, the yolks contain ALL of the fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K in the egg, as well asÂ ALL of the essential fatty acids (EFAs).

And now the common objection I get all the time when I say that the yolks are the most nutritious part of the egg...

"But I heard that whole eggs will skyrocket my cholesterol through the roof"

No, this is FALSE!

First of all, when you eat a food that contains a high amount of dietary cholesterol such as eggs, your body down-regulates it's internal production of cholesterol to balance things out.

On the other hand, if you don't eat enough cholesterol, your body simply produces more since cholesterol hasÂ dozens of important vital functions in the body.

And here's where it gets even more interesting...

ThereÂ have been plenty of studies lately that indicateÂ that eating whole eggs actually raises your good HDL cholesterol to a higher degree than LDL cholesterol, thereby improving your overall cholesterol ratio and blood chemistry.

And 3rd... high cholesterol is NOT a disease!Â Heart disease is a disease...but high cholesterol is NOT.Â Cholesterol is actually a VERY important substance in your body and has vitally important functions... it is DEAD WRONG to try to "lower your cholesterol" just because of pharmaceutical companies propaganda that everyone on the planet should be on statin drugs.

If you're interested in this topic of cholesterol specifically, I have anotherÂ article listed at the bottom of this page about why trying to attack cholesterol is a mistake, and what the REAL deadly risk factors actually are.

In addition, the yolks contain the antioxidant lutein as well as other antioxidants which can help protect you from inflammation within your body (the REAL culprit in heart disease, not dietary cholesterol!), giving yet another reason why the yolks are actually GOOD for you, and not detrimental.

To help bring even more proof that whole eggs are better for you than egg whites, I recently read a University of Connecticut study that showed that a group of men in the study that ate 3 eggs per day for 12 weeks while on a reduced carb, higher fat diet increased their HDL good cholesterol by 20%, while their LDL bad cholesterol stayed the same during the study.Â However, the group that ate egg substitutes (egg whites) saw no change in either and did not see the improvement in good cholesterol (remember that higher HDL levels are associated with lower risk of heart disease) that the whole egg eaters did.Â

So I hope we've established that whole eggs are not some evil food that will wreck your body... instead whole eggs are FAR superior to egg whites.

But what about the extra calories in the yolks?

This is actually a non-issue and here's why... even though egg yolks contain more calories than just eating the eggÂ whites, the yolks have such a high micro-nutrient density in those calories, that it increases your overall nutrient density per calorie you consume.Â Essentially, what this does is help to regulate your appetite for the remainder of the day, so you end up eating less calories overall.Â In addition, the healthy fats in the egg yolks help to maintain a good level of fat-burning hormones in your body.

Overall, this means that the extra fats (healthy fats) and calories from the yolk are so nutrient-dense that they actually HELP you to burn off body fat!

Also, your normal supermarket eggs coming from mass factory farming just don't compare nutritionally with organic free range eggs from healthy chickens that are allowed to roam freely and eat a more natural diet.Â Your typical cheap grocery store eggs will have lower nutrient levels and a higher omega-6 level and lower omega-3 level.Â On the other hand, the cage-free organic eggs from healthier chickens allowed to eat more natural feed and roam freelyÂ will have much higher vitamin and mineral levels and a more balanced healthier omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acid ratio.

I recently compared eggs I bought at the grocery store with a batch of eggs I got at a farm stand where the chickens were free roaming and healthy.

Most people don't realize that there's a major difference because they've never bought real eggs from healthy chickens... The eggs from the grocery store had pale yellow yolks and thin weak shells. On the other hand, the healthier free range eggs from the local farmÂ had strong thick shells and deep orange colored yolks indicating much higher nutrition levels and carotenoids... and just a healthier egg in general.

This is due to the fact that a free-roaming hen allowed to roam on plenty of land will eat a variety of greens, insects, worms, etc transferring MUCH higher levels of nutrients to the eggs compared to an unhealthy hen that is trapped inside a dark factory farm hen house in horrible conditions and fed nothing but piles of corn and soy.Â It's a DRASTIC difference in the nutrition that you get from the egg.

So next time a health or fitness professional tells you that egg whites are superior (because of their "fat-phobic" mentality towards dietary fats), you can quietly ignore their advice knowing that you now understand the REAL deal about egg yolks.

And can we all please STOP with this sillyness about eating an omelete with 4-5 egg whites and only 1 egg yolk... If you want real taste and real health benefits, we'd all be better off eatingÂ ALL of our eggs with the yolks.

After all, do you REALLY think that our ancestors thousands of years ago threw out the yolks and only ate the egg whites?Â NOT A CHANCE!Â They intuitively knew that all of the nutrition was found in the yolks.Â But our modern society has been brainwashed with misinformation about fats and cholesterol.

Another interesting study about eggs...

I read a study recently that compared groups of people that ate egg breakfasts vs groups of people that ate cereal or bagel-based breakfasts.Â The results of the study showed that the egg eaters lost or maintained a healthier bodyweight, while the cereal/bagel eaters gained weight.Â

It was hypothesized that the egg eaters actually ate less calories during the remainder of the day because their appetite was more satisfied compared to the cereal/bagel eaters who would have been more prone to wild blood sugar swings and food cravings.

Oh, one last thing I almost forgot... I personally eat 4 whole eggs almost every day with breakfast, and I maintain single-digit bodyfat most of the year.Â

Enjoy your eggs and get a leaner body!

VERY GOOD SOFTWARE To Prevent Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)

2011-07-19T13:36:00.006+05:30

Most Common For Computer Users !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Repetitive strain injury (RSI) (also known as repetitive stress injury, repetitive motion injuries, repetitive motion disorder (RMD), cumulative trauma disorder (CT), occupational overuse syndrome, overuse syndrome, regional musculoskeletal disorder) is an injury of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems that may be caused by repetitive tasks, forceful exertions, vibrations, mechanical compression (pressing against hard surfaces), or sustained or awkward positions. Different sections of this article present contrasting perspectives regarding the causes of RSI.
Types of RSIs that affect computer users may include non-specific arm pain or work related upper limb disorder (WRULD). Conditions such as RSI tend to be associated with both physical and psychosocial stressors.

Causes

Gloves to avoid RSI during typing.

Reading or doing tasks for extended periods of time while looking down.
Sleeping on an inadequate bed/mattress or sitting in a bad armchair and/or in an uncomfortable position.
Carrying heavy items.
Holding one's phone between neck and shoulder.
Watching TV in incorrect position e.g. Too much to the left/right.
Sleeping with head forward, while traveling.
Prolonged use of the hands, wrists, back, neck, etc.

Treatment

Ergonomics

Modifications of posture and arm use (ergonomics) are often recommended.^[6]

Ergonomics: the science of designing the job, equipment, and workplace

Exercise

Exercise decreases the risk of developing RSI.

Doctors sometimes recommend that RSI sufferers engage in specific strengthening exercises, for example to improve posture.
In light of the fact that a lifestyle that involves sitting at a computer for extended periods of time increases the probability that an individual will develop excessive kyphosis, theoretically the same exercises that are prescribed for thoracic outlet syndrome or kyphotic postural correction would benefit an RSI sufferer.
Some sources recommend motoric exercises and ergo-aerobics to decrease chances of strain injury. Ergo-aerobics target touch typists and people who often use computer keyboard.

Adaptive hardware

Adaptive technology ranging from special keyboards, mouse replacements to pen tablet interfaces might help improve comfort.

Mouse

Keyboards and keyboard alternatives

Adaptive software

Main article: List of Repetitive Strain Injury software

Instant Boss will time your work/break cycles, reminding you when to work and when to take a break.
The defaults are 10 minutes of work, 2 minutes of break, and this is repeated 5 times for a total of 1 hour.
These values can be changed to suit your needs. Instant Boss will remember the values you used during your last session.
Start by entering in the values you desire:

The first box is for how long you want to work.

The second box is for how long you want your breaks.

The third box is for how many times you want to repeat this cycle.

Click Apply to set the new values.
Click Work to begin.

In the statusbar you can see where in your work cycle you are, followed by how long you have worked this session, followed by how long you have worked since you started using Instant Boss.
Instant Boss will tell you when it is time to take a break. You will have the choice to keep working a little longer, take your break now, or skip your break and begin next work period.

If you decide to take a break now, it will begin your break period.

If you decide to work a little longer, it will count up and add this to your total work time. You can then decide when to take a break by clicking the take a break button.

If you decide to skip your break, it will begin the next word period in the cycle.

At the end of your break period, you will be told to get back to work and offered a few choices.

If you decide to work, the work timer will begin.

If you decide to take a longer break, it will extend your break by 50%, and remind you again when your time is up, to get back to work.

If you click cancel, you will have to start work manually by clicking the work button again.

There is a pause button in case you are interrupted by phone calls or other things that need your attention. This can be used during both work or break periods.
The reset button...use with caution. This will stop all timers and reset everything to default values of 10-2-5 so that you may begin again. It will not reset how long you have worked today, nor the total time you have worked since you started using the Instant Boss program.
	Clicking the X to close the program will result in it being minimized to the system tray. The only way to exit is through the right click menu on the tray icon. All of the button options also appear on that menu.

For power users, there are command line parameters you can use to preset the values when you run Instant Boss.

Example:
"C:\Program Files\Instant Boss\InstantBoss.exe" 60 15 3
(there is a space after the last quote and a space between each number)

You can either use this from the Windows Run dialog or use it as shortcut targets. The numbers correspond with work-break-repeat, in that order. Please use only numbers, no letters.

See Instant Boss in action!

Read the review

Join the discussion

Donate to Support This ProjectYour donations are important - they enable me to continue developing this program.

Safely support your favorite donationware software at DonationCoder.com!

United Nations International EVENTS

2011-03-03T23:43:00.005+05:30

International decades 2011–2020
Decade of Action for Road Safety	A/RES/64/255 (draft resolution A/64/L.44/Rev.1 + Add.1)
2010-2020
United Nations Decade for Deserts and the Fight against Desertification	A/RES/62/195 [draft res. A/62/419/Add.7]
2008-2017
Second United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty	A/RES/62/205
2006-2016
Decade of Recovery and Sustainable Development of the Affected Regions (third decade after the Chernobyl disaster)	A/RES/62/9
2005-2015
International Decade for Action, “Water for Life”	A/RES/58/217
2005-2014
United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development	A/RES/57/254
Second International Decade of the World’s Indigenous People	A/RES/59/174
2003-2012
United Nations Literacy Decade: Education for All	A/RES/56/116
2001-2010
International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-violence for the Children of the World	A/RES/59/143
Decade to Roll Back Malaria in Developing Countries, Particularly in Africa	A/RES/60/221
Second International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism	A/RES/55/146
1997–2006
Decade for The Eradication for Poverty	A/RES/50/107
1995–2004
Decade for Human Rights Education	A/RES/49/184
1994–2004
Decade of the World's Indigenous People	A/RES/48/163
1993–2003
Third Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination	A/RES/48/91
1991–2000
Second Industrial Development Decade for Africa	A/RES/44/237 A/RES/47/177
Second Transport and Communications Decade in Africa	A/RES/43/179
United Nations Decade Against Drug Abuse	A/RES/S-17/2
Fourth United Nations Development Decade	A/RES/45/199
1990–2000
International Decade for the Eradification of Colonialism	A/RES/43/47
1990–1999
United Nations Decade of International Law	A/RES/44/23
International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction	A/RES/42/169 A/RES/44/236
1990s
Third Disarmament Decade	A/RES/43/78 L A/RES/45/62 A
1988–1997
World Decade for Cultural Development	A/RES/41/187
1983–1993
Second Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination	A/RES/38/14
1983–1992
United Nations Decade for Disabled Persons	A/RES/37/53
1981–1990
International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade	A/RES/35/18
Third United Nations Development Decade	A/RES/35/56
1980–1990
Second Disarmament Decade	A/RES/35/46
1980s
Industrial Development Decade for Africa	A/RES/35/66 B
1978–1988
Transport and Communications Decade for Africa	A/RES/32/160
1976–1985
United Nations Decade for Women: Equality, Development and Peace	A/RES/3520 (XXX)
1973–1983
Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination	A/RES/2919 (XXVII)
1971–1980
Second United Nations Development Decade	A/RES/2626 (XXV)
1970s
Disarmament Decade	A/RES/2602 E (XXIV)
1960–1970
United Nations Development Decade	A/RES/1710 (XVI)

International days

January

27 January

International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the
Victims of the Holocaust

A/RES/60/7

Top

February

4 February

World Cancer Day [WHO]

A/RES/62/10

20 February

World Day of Social Justice

A/RES/62/10

21 February

International Mother Language Day [UNESCO]

A/RES/56/262

Top

March

8 March

International Women's Day
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 |
| 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 |

—

20 March

French Language Day at the UN

—

21 March

International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination

A/RES/2142 (XXI)

21 March

World Poetry Day [UNESCO]

—

21 March

International Day of Nowruz

A/RES/64/253

22 March

World Water Day

A/RES/47/193

23 March

World Meteorological Day [WMO]

WMO/EC-XII/Res.6

24 March

World Tuberculosis Day [WHO]

WMO/EC-XII/Res.6

24 March

International Day for the Right to the Truth concerning Gross Human Rights Violations and for the Dignity of Victims

A/RES/65/196
(A/65/451, draft resolution II)

25 March

International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade

A/RES/62/122

25 March

International Day of Solidarity with Detained and Missing Staff Members

—

Top

April

2 April

World Autism Awareness Day

A/RES/62/139

4 April

International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action

A/RES/60/97

7 April

Day of Remembrance of the Victims of the Rwanda Genocide

—

7 April

World Health Day [WHO]

WHA/A.2/Res.35

20 April

Chinese Language Day at the UN

—

22 April

International Mother Earth Day

A/RES/63/278

23 April

English Language Day at the UN

—

23 April

World Book and Copyright Day [UNESCO]

Resolution 3.18 of the 28th session of the UNESCO General Conference

25 April

World Malaria Day [WHO]

—

26 April

World Intellectual Property Day [WIPO]

—

28 April

World Day for Safety and Health at Work [ILO]

—

Top

May

3 May

World Press Freedom Day

A/DEC/48/432

8-9 May

Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for Those Who Lost Their Lives during the Second World War

A/RES/59/26

9-10 May

World Migratory Bird Day [UNEP]

—

15 May

International Day of Families

A/RES/47/237

17 May

World Telecommunication and Information Society Day [ITU]

A/RES/60/252

21 May

World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development

A/RES/57/249

22 May

International Day for Biological Diversity

A/RES/55/201

29 May

International Day of UN Peacekeepers
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 - 60th Anniversary of UN Peacekeeping
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003

A/RES/57/129

31 May

World No-Tobacco Day [WHO]

Resolution 42.19
of the 42nd session of WHO

Top

June

4 June

International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression

A/RES/ES-7/8

5 June

World Environment Day [UNEP]

A/RES/2994 (XXVII)

6 June

Russian Language Day at the UN

—

8 June

World Oceans Day

A/RES/63/111

12 June

World Day Against Child Labour [ILO]

—

14 June

World Blood Donor Day [WHO]

WHA58.13

17 June

World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought

A/RES/49/115

20 June

World Refugee Day

A/RES/55/76

23 June

United Nations Public Service Day

A/RES/57/277

23 June

International Widow’s Day

A/RES/65/189
(A/65/449, draft resolution III)

25 June

Day of the Seafarer

STCW/CONF.2/DC.4

26 June

International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking

A/RES/42/112

26 June

United Nations International Day in Support of Victims of Torture

A/RES/52/149

Top

July

2 July
(First Saturday
in July)

International Day of Cooperatives

A/RES/47/90

11 July

World Population Day

UNDP decision 89/46

18 July

Nelson Mandela International Day

A/RES/64/13

Top

August

9 August

International Day of the World's Indigenous People

A/RES/49/214

12 August

International Youth Day

A/RES/54/120

19 August

World Humanitarian Day

A/RES/63/139

23 August

International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and Its Abolition [UNESCO]

Decision 8.2
of the 150th session of the UNESCO Executive Board

26 August

Namibia Day

A/RES/3111(XXVIII)

29 August

International Day against Nuclear Tests

A/RES/64/35

Top

September

8 September

International Literacy Day [UNESCO]

Resolution 1.141
of the 14th session of the UNESCO General Conference

10 September

World Suicide Prevention Day [WHO]

—

15 September

International Day of Democracy

A/RES/62/7

16 September

International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer

A/RES/49/114

21 September

International Day of Peace
|2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002

A/RES/36/67
A/RES/55/282

25 September
(Last Sunday in September)

World Heart Day [WHO]

—

27 September

World Tourism Day

—

28 September

World Rabies Day [WHO]

—

29 September
(Last week of September)

World Maritime Day

IMCO/C XXXVIII/21

Top

October

1 October

International Day of Older Persons

A/RES/45/106

2 October

International Day of Non-Violence

A/RES/61/271

3 October
(First Monday
in October)

World Habitat Day

A/RES/40/202 A

5 October

World Teachers’ Day [UNESCO]

UNESCOPRESSE,
vol.4, no.17, p.9

9 October

World Post Day [UPU]

UPU/Tokyo Congress 1969/Res.C.11

10 October

World Mental Health Day [WHO]

—

12 October

Spanish Language Day at the UN

—

13 October

International Day for Disaster Reduction

A/RES/44/236
A/RES/64/200

13 October (Second Thursday
in October)

World Sight Day [WHO]

—

15 October

International Day of Rural Women

A/RES/62/136

16 October

World Food Day [FAO]

A/RES/35/70

17 October

International Day for the Eradication of Poverty

A/RES/47/196

20 October

World Statistics Day

A/RES/64/267

24 October

United Nations Day
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2001

A/RES/168 (II) A/RES/2782 (XXVI)

24 October

World Development Information Day

A/RES/3038 (XXVII)

27 October

World Day for Audiovisual Heritage [UNESCO]

—

Top

November

6 November

International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict

A/RES/56/4

10 November

World Science Day for Peace and Development [UNESCO]

—

14 November

World Diabetes Day [WHO]

A/RES/61/225

16 November

International Day for Tolerance

Resolution 5.61
of the 28th session of the UNESCO General Conference

A/RES/51/95

17 November

World Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Day [WHO]

—

17 November
(Third Thursday
in November)

World Philosophy Day [UNESCO]

—

20 November

Universal Children’s Day

—

20 November

Africa Industrialization Day

A/RES/44/237

20 November
(Third Sunday
in November

World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims [WHO]

A/RES/60/5

21 November

World Television Day

A/RES/51/205

25 November

International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women

A/RES/54/134

29 November

International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People

A/RES/32/40B

Top

December

1 December

World AIDS Day
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2001 | 2000

—

2 December

International Day for the Abolition of Slavery

—

3 December

International Day of Persons with Disabilities
2010 | 2009 | 2008

A/RES/47/3

5 December

International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development

A/RES/40/212

7 December

International Civil Aviation Day [ICAO]

A/RES/51/33

9 December

International Anti-Corruption Day

A/RES/58/4

10 December

Human Rights Day
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002

A/RES/423 (V)

11 December

International Mountain Day

A/RES/57/245

18 December

International Migrants Day

A/RES/55/93

18 December

Arabic Language Day at the UN

—

19 December

United Nations Day for South-South Cooperation

A/RES/58/220

20 December

International Human Solidarity Day

A/RES/60/209

International weeks

February
First week of February	World Interfaith Harmony Week	A/RES/65/5
March
21-27 March	Week of Solidarity with the Peoples Struggling against Racism and Racial Discrimination	A/RES/34/24
April
23-29 April 2007	UN Global Road Safety Week
May
25-31 May	Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories	A/RES/54/91
August
1-7 August	World Breastfeeding Week (WHO)
October
4-10 October	World Space Week	A/RES/54/68
24-30 October	Disarmament Week	A/RES/S-10/2, p. 102
NOVEMBER
6-12 November (The week in which 11 November falls)	International Week of Science and Peace	A/RES/43/61

International years

2013
International Year of Water Cooperation	A/RES/65/154 (A/65/436/Add.1, draft resolution III)
2012
IInternational Year of Cooperatives	A/RES/64/136
International Year of Sustainable Energy for All	A/RES/65/151 (A/65/436, draft resolution V)
2011
International Year for People of African Descent	A/RES/64/169 Draft resolution: A/64/439/Add.2 (Part II)
International Year of Chemistry	A/RES/63/209
International Year of Forests	A/RES/61/193
International Year of Youth (12 August 2010 - 11 August 2011)	A/RES/64/134 Draft resolution: A/64/432
2010
International Year of Youth (12 August 2010 - 11 August 2011)	A/RES/64/134 Draft resolution: A/64/432
International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures	A/RES/62/90
International Year of Biodiversity	A/RES/61/203
2009
International Year of Reconciliation	A/RES/61/17
International Year of Natural Fibres	A/RES/61/189
International Year of Human Rights Learning (beginning on 10 December 2008)	A/RES/62/171
International Year of Astronomy	A/RES/62/200
2008
International Year of Planet Earth	A/RES/60/192
International Year of Languages	A/RES/61/266
International Year of Sanitation	A/RES/61/192
Year of the Gorilla (UNEP and UNESCO)
International Year of the Potato	A/RES/60/191
2007
2007-2008 International Polar Year (WMO)
2006
International Year of Deserts and Desertification	A/RES/58/211
2005
International Year of Microcredit	A/RES/53/197
International Year for Sport and Physical Education	A/RES/58/5
International Year of Physics	A/RES/58/293
2004
International Year to Commemorate the Struggle against Slavery and its Abolition	A/RES/57/195
International Year of Rice	A/RES/57/162
2003
Year of Kyrgyz Statehood	A/RES/57/248
International Year of Freshwater	A/RES/55/196
2002
United Nations Year for Cultural Heritage	A/RES/56/8
International Year of Mountains	A/RES/53/24
International Year of Ecotourism	A/RES/53/200
2001
United Nations Year of Dialogue among Civilizations	A/RES/53/22
International Year of Volunteers	A/RES/52/17
International Year of Mobilization against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance	A/RES/53/132
2000
International Year of Thanksgiving	A/RES/52/16
International Year for the Culture of Peace	A/RES/52/15
1999
International Year of Older Persons	A/RES/47/5 A/RES/50/141
1998
International Year of the Ocean	A/RES/49/131
1996
International Year for the Eradication of Poverty	A/RES/48/183
1995
United Nations Year for Tolerance	A/RES/48/126
World Year of Peoples’ Commemoration of the Victims of the Second World War	A/RES/49/25
1994
International Year of the Family	A/RES/44/82
International Year of Sport and the Olympic Ideal	A/RES/48/10
1993
International Year for the World's Indigenous People	A/RES/45/164 A/RES/47/75
1992
International Space Year	A/RES/44/46
1990
International Litercay Year	A/RES/42/104
1987
International Year of Shelter for The Homeless	A/RES/36/71 A/RES/37/221
1986
International Year of Peace	A/RES/37/16 A/RES/40/3
1985
Year of The United Nations	A/RES/39/161 A
International Youth Year: Participation, Development, Peace	A/RES/34/151
1983
World Communications Year; Development of Communication Infrastructures	A/RES/36/40
1982
International Year of Mobilization for Sanctions Against South Africa	A/RES/36/172 B
1981
International Year for Disabled Persons	A/RES/31/123
1979
International Year of The Child	A/RES/31/169
1978/79
International Anti-Apartheid Year	A/RES/32/105 B
1975
International Women's Year	A/RES/3010 (XXVII)
1974
World Population Year	A/RES/2683 (XXV)
1971
International Year for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Prejudice	A/RES/2544 (XXIV)
1970
International Education Year	A/RES/2306 (XXII) A/RES/2412 (XXIII)
1968
International Year for Human Rights	A/RES/2081 (XX)
1967
International Tourist Year	A/RES/2148 (XXI)
1965
International Co-operation Year	A/RES/1907 (XVIII)
1961
International Health and Medical Research Year	A/RES/1283 (XIII)
1959/60
World Refugee Year	A/RES/1285 (XIII)

Detoxification : A Natural Process of Human body (Human Physiologic Clock)

2011-02-04T21:22:00.002+05:30

Reasons for sleeping and waking up early.
Evening at 9 - 11pm: is the time for eliminating unnecessary/toxic chemicals (detoxification) from the antibody system (lymph nodes). This time duration should be spent by relaxing or listening to music. If during this time a housewife is still in an unrelaxed state such as washing the dishes or monitoring children doing their homework, this will have a negative impact on health.

Evening at 11pm - 1am: is the detoxification process in the liver, and ideally should be done in a deep sleep state.

Early morning 1 - 3am: detoxification process in the gall, also ideally done in a deep sleep state.

Early morning 3 - 5am: detoxification in the lungs. Therefore there will sometimes be a severe cough for cough sufferers during this time. Since the detoxification process had reached the respiratory tract, there is no need to take cough medicine so as not to interfere with toxin removal process.

Morning 5 - 7am: detoxification in the colon, you should empty your bowel.

Morning 7 - 9am: absorption of nutrients in the small intestine, you should be having breakfast at this time. Breakfast should be earlier, before 6:30am, for those who are sick. Breakfast before 7:30am is very beneficial to those wanting to stay fit. Those who always skip breakfast, they should change their habits, and it is still better to eat breakfast late until 9 - 10am rather than no meal at all.

Sleeping so late and waking up too late will disrupt the process of removing unnecessary chemicals. Aside from that, midnight to 4:00 am is the time when the bone marrow produces blood. Therefore, have a good sleep and don't sleep late

TAKE CARE ABOUT YOUR HEALTH

Live Life Without Limits!

The top five cancer-causing foods are:

1. Hot dogs
Because they are high in nitrates, the Cancer Prevention Coalition advises that children eat no more than 12 hot dogs a month. If you can't live without hot dogs, buy those made without sodium nitrate.

2. Processed meats and bacon
Also high in the same sodium nitrates found in hot dogs, bacon, and other processed meats raise the risk of heart disease. The saturated fat in bacon also contributes to cancer.

3. Doughnuts
Doughnuts are cancer-causing double trouble. First, they are made with white flour, sugar, and hydrogenated oils, then fried at high temperatures. Doughnuts, says Adams , may be the worst food you can possibly eat to raise your risk of cancer.

4. French fries
Like doughnuts, French fries are made with hydrogenated oils and then fried at high temperatures. They also contain cancer- causing acryl amides which occur during the frying process. They should be called cancer fries, not French fries, said Adams .

5. Chips, crackers, and cookies
All are usually made with white flour and sugar. Even the ones whose labels claim to be free of trans-fats generally contain small amounts of trans-fats.

BRAIN DAMAGING HABITS

1. No Breakfast
People who do not take breakfast are going to have a lower blood sugar level.
This leads to an insufficient supply of nutrients to the brain causing brain degeneration.

2. Overeating
It causes hardening of the brain arteries, leading to a decrease in mental power.

3. Smoking
It causes multiple brain shrinkage and may lead to Alzheimer disease.

4. High Sugar consumption
Too much sugar will interrupt the absorption of proteins and nutrients causing malnutrition and may interfere with brain development.

5. Air Pollution
The brain is the largest oxygen consumer in our body. Inhaling polluted air decreases the supply of oxygen to the brain, bringing about a decrease in brain efficiency.

6. Sleep Deprivation
Sleep allows our brain to rest. Long term deprivation from sleep will accelerate the death of brain cells.

7. Head covered while sleeping
Sleeping with the head covered increases the concentration of carbon dioxide and decrease concentration of oxygen that may lead to brain damaging effects.

8. Working your brain during illness
Working hard or studying with sickness may lead to a decrease in effectiveness of the brain as well as damage the brain.

9. Lacking in stimulating thoughts
Thinking is the best way to train our brain, lacking in brain stimulation thoughts may cause brain shrinkage.

10. Talking Rarely
Intellectual conversations will promote the efficiency of the brain

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The main causes of liver damage are:

1. Sleeping too late and waking up too late are main cause.

2. Not urinating in the morning.

3. Too much eating.

4. Skipping breakfast.

5. Consuming too much medication.

6. Consuming too much preservatives, additives, food coloring, and artificial sweetener.

7. Consuming unhealthy cooking oil. As much as possible reduce cooking oil use when frying, which includes even the best cooking oils like olive oil. Do not consume fried foods when you are tired, except if the body is very fit.

8. Consuming raw (overly done) foods also add to the burden of liver.
Veggies should be eaten raw or cooked 3-5 parts. Fried veggies should be finished in one sitting, do not store.

We should prevent this without necessarily spending more. We just have to adopt a good daily lifestyle and eating habits. Maintaining good eating habits and time condition are very important for our bodies to absorb and get rid of unnecessary chemicals according to "schedule."

DO TAKE CARE ABOUT YOUR HEALTH..................

Things You Didn't Know About Coconuts

2010-12-01T23:51:00.000+05:30

Did You Know...

That coconuts are one of the wonder foods on earth that amply provides for all human needs? They can even save your life!
Few people (even fewer doctors) understand how important the coconut is to stabilizing blood sugar; lowering cholesterol; healing; hydration; and even replacing blood plasma in an emergency.

Referred to as kalpa vriksha (Sanskrit for "the tree that supplies all that is needed to live") in ancient India, the coconut palm has been recognized as a top immune booster, antifungal,antibiotic, antiviral and antibacterial remedy for thousands of years all over the world. Yet, it has only been recently that modern researchers have begun to fully discover the massive health benefits this amazing fruit seed offers.

To give just one example of coconuts' live-saving properties, they were used extensively in the Pacific during World War II. Since blood plasma supplies were scarce, it was very common for medics to siphon pure coconut water from young coconuts to be used as emergency plasma transfusions for soldiers who were injured. Since coconut water is nearly identical to human blood, it was suitable for people of all blood types.

Because of its strong antioxidant properties, the coconut can be used to:
==> Lower cholesterol
==> Improve digestion
==> Ward off wrinkles
==> Stabilize glucose levels
==> Fight off viruses
==> Build cells
==> Regulate hormones
==> Increase thyroid production
==> Lose weight
==> Increase metabolism
==> Fight infections
==> Stave off memory loss
==> Kill bacteria
==> And more!

Considered one of the most treasured foods of all time, coconut products -- including coconut flesh, coconut water, coconut oil, and coconut cream -- each deliver superb health benefits.
Coconut oil, for instance, is considered the best and safest oil to use for cooking -- even superior to extra virgin olive oil when it comes to giving the body what it needs for optimum health. Unlike other fats and oils that we typically use for cooking and baking, coconut oil does not form polymerized oils or dangerous Trans fatty acids in our bodies, which can raise our cholesterol levels; clog our arteries and even make our skin sag and wrinkle. Plus, this ultra-safe oil can give your body important antioxidants that can help build stronger cells and improve your overall health and well being.

Here are a few ways that you can use coconut products to stave off disease and to recapture the look and feeling of youth:

Coconut Water - The coconut is a natural water filter. It takes almost 9 months for a coconut to filter every quart of water stored within its shell. This makes the resulting coconut water completely pure and sterile, which is one reason why it can be used for blood transfusions.
Another benefit of coconut water is the fact that it has the highest concentration of electrolytes than anything else found in nature. This makes it an excellent source of hydration.

Coconut Oil - In addition to being superior for cooking and baking, coconut oil also makes a superb topical oil that can help to naturally rid the skin of dangerous toxins. It also gives the skin the perfect mix of hydration and antioxidants that it needs to stay healthy, smooth and younger-looking longer.

Another great benefit of coconut oil is in protecting your teeth from the bacteria that can cause cavities and disease. Simply rubbing a little fresh coconut oil on your gums and teeth can keep them stronger and healthier than virtually any other dental treatment.

Most people don't realize that coconut oil can actually help you lose weight! Yes, simply changing your cooking oil from the unsaturated fat variety to coconut oil can help you lose those extra pounds. Here's why: Unsaturated fats found in canola, corn and other vegetables oils, as well as margarine suppress the metabolism, which makes it harder to lose weight -- and easier to gain it. Over time, this metabolism suppression may result in 20-30 pounds of excess weight that your body cannot get rid of. Coconut oil, on the other hand, helps to increase thyroid function and boost your metabolism -- 2 important components to shedding unwanted pounds.

Coconut Cream - The best skin treatment product one can use to achieve flawless skin may quite possibly be coconut cream. Unlike traditional skin creams which can actually introduce fats and oils to the skin that will break it down over time, making it look older, creams derived from the coconut can actually replenish the skin, giving it a more youthful and healthy glow than most other skin care products on the market.

When it comes to buying coconut products, coconuts are not all created equal. Wild coconuts are always best, but can be hard to obtain if you don't live in a tropical country. Whether you are using this wonder food to boost your immune system; increase your metabolism or fight wrinkles, using products from young coconuts will help you reap the most benefit.

Young coconuts contain the purest unsaturated fat, compared to the fat found in the more mature varieties. This is why they offer the most rejuvenation properties for the body's tissues. But how can you tell how old a coconut is? Young coconuts are usually green in color and oddly shaped. The brown hairy ones are mature coconuts, and while they offer a lot of healthy benefits, they aren't nearly as good for you as younger varieties.

The best place to find young fresh coconuts is, of course, in the markets of the tropics, so be sure to seek them out if you travel to those areas. Coconut-producing regions export coconuts all over the world, however, so it's relatively easy to find coconuts at your local health food store or Asian grocer.

KEGEL'S EXERCISE - a BRIEF HISTORY

2010-11-26T22:27:00.002+05:30

The aim of Kegel exercises is to fortify muscle tone by strengthening the pelvic floor muscle. In 1948, Dr. Arnold Kegel, the OB/GYN specialist began to use this exercise for curing the patient suffering from urinary incontinence and it was named after Dr. Arnold Kegel. Dr. Kegel attempted to develop diverse exercise for the injured women’s pelvic muscle due to childbirth or natural urinary incontinence, but the exercise did not achieve the expected results because most of patients did not find the muscle exactly. For that reason, in those days, Kegel Exercise did not become the center of public attention but after that, the fact that the Kegel exercises may also increase sexual gratification becomes the public knowledge and the exercise has been to spread as the method of improving the sexual function.

Dr. Arnold Kegel, who died in 1981, Although the exercises now bear his name—we tell patients to “Do your Kegels”—the methodology has really been known since ancient times and has numerous variants in the practices of
Eastern religions.

Kegels are what are called resistive exercises. Specifically, as you deliberately control a muscle’s movement, you incrementally increase its ability to contract. As you do your Kegels over time, this contractile strength will grow, and the muscles of your pelvic floor will become broader and thicker and will gain increased muscle tone. But not everybody should do Kegels. If you find that the Kegel clench causes pain or increased bladder or bowel frequency or urgency, stop. It may mean that the pelvic floor muscles are spasmed or shortened, and doing the Kegels may only spasm or shorten them further. See your doctor or health-care provider if that is the case. Also, it’s advisable to consult with a gynecologist or a pelvic floor physical therapist to make sure that your inconti-
nence problem is in fact a result of a weakened pelvic floor or posible prolapsed organ. In other words, be sure of the cause before you attempt Kegels as the solution.

The Strengthen-the-Muscles routine calls for doing Kegels in conjunction with an exercise for tightening your core abdominal muscle, the transverse abdominus. Although they are only connected by fascia (connective tissue), these two sets of muscles deep in the body’s core—the pelvic floor and the transverse abdominus—
are mutually supportive. They need to work together, and for that to happen with maximum benefit, they also need to be equally fit.

Start, however, by doing the two exercises separately—maybe doing your Kegels in the morning and tight abs at night. Once you’re comfortable doing both, by all means put the two together. This will not only enhance your core strength and coordination, it will also decrease the time spent on your exercise routine by some five minutes. Their joint effect is beneficial in many ways. Obviously, these
exercises enhance muscle strength, and they increase the flow of blood to the muscles and the pelvic organs as well. The risk of infection is thereby lowered, and that too helps stave off pelvic floor disorders. What’s more, the strengthening of these muscles can enhance sexual stimulation and sexual gratification as well.

Kegels : Find the Muscles
Kegels are absolutely basic to the entire Strengthen-the-Muscles routine, and it’s very important that they be done correctly. Done wrong, Kegels simply won’t work, and patients who don’t see results can grow discouraged. Even worse, you could end up with more problems. For example, if you do the Kegels wrong and instead are overusing accessory muscles like the glutes or the inner thighs, this
could produce trigger points on those muscles—that is, hyperiritable spots that are painful to the touch and that can also lead to new pain and new problems.
The key to doing Kegels correctly is to locate your own pelvic floor muscles. There’s a simple way to do this: while urinating, stop the urine from flowing by tightening or squeezing the muscles.

Those are the muscles you’re going to clench and unclench when you do your Kegels. If you fi nd that clenching the muscles minimizes but does not completely stop the urine stream, you’ve found the right muscles, but you’ve also learned that they’re very weak indeed—a solid indication that you need to do the Strengthen-the- Muscles routine.

Do this locating and identifying exercise very briefly and only temporarily—maybe once a week initially, until you identify the muscles—because doing it repeatedly while urinating sends a confusing signal to the brain that may eventually produce a urinary dysfunction.

Another way to locate the muscles you’re looking for is during sexual activity. Squeeze around your partner’s fi nger or penis; the muscle you tighten in doing so is the precise muscle you’ll want to clench and unclench—contract and relax—when you do your Kegels.

Step 1: The Kegel Exercise

Here’s how to do your Kegels to strengthen your pelvic floor: Lie or sit down, whichever you prefer. You may use a pillow as a wedge under the small of your back if you like.

Find the muscle you identified earlier and clench it, then relax. Clench again, then relax. And so on. One clench-and-relax constitutes a repetition, and both sides of the repetition—both the clenching and the unclenching—are equally important.

You may find it difficult to do Kegels at first if your muscles are very weak. But each repetition really will increase the strength of the muscles, and in time, doing your Kegels will become easier—guaranteed. Do these Kegels three times a day if you have one of the problems listed at the beginning of this chapter, but no more than three times a week if you’re doing them just to enhance your sex life.

Here’s the formula:

1. Tighten the muscle and hold for 10 seconds, relax for 10 seconds. Do 10 repetitions to strengthen your slow-twitch pelvic floor muscles.

2. Tighten and hold for two seconds, relax for two seconds. Do 10 repetitions to strengthen the fast-twitch fiber muscles. The two different basic Kegel exercises differ only in timing, not in the process. What’s the difference?

Your first set of Kegels, held for 10 seconds, then relaxed for 10, addresses the slow-twitch fibers that make up some 70 percent of the muscles. These are the muscle fibers that provide support and resist fatigue. The second set of Kegels—two-second Kegels— strengthen those fast-contraction fibers that help open and close the bladder and bowel and that are so essential in sexual activity. The two sets of Kegels mean you’re strengthening both your marathon endurance muscles and the sprinter muscles that provide a quick jolt of power when needed.

Position of pelvic floor muscle

Sphincter is located at some parts of our body: between the stomach and the gullet the large intestine and the small intestine. This plays the role of preventing the reflux by exit block. The pelvic floor muscle is one of sphincters and is a muscle distributed around the anus, the vagina, and the urethra in the shape of number "8".

Position of pelvic floor muscle

Function of pelvic floor muscle

1. As the abdominal muscle called Core is an important music supporting our body, so the pelvic floor muscle supports the weight of pelvic region ? particularly, uterus, bladder, the internals.

2. This controls the movement of bowels and motion of bladder, the role of sphincter. In case of passing urine, as the pelvic floor muscle around the urethra is relaxed, the tone of muscle is low so as to pass urine smoothly. At the same time, the pelvic floor muscle around the anus keeps the tone as it is so as to prevent the running out of stools

3. In case of having sex, the pelvic floor muscle keeps the tone as it is so as to prevent the running out of stools or urine and helps to reach orgasm easily.

4. This played a vital role of leading the relaxation of easy childbirth.

Problems of pelvic floor muscle related to childbearing women

1. In case that the pelvic floor muscle has gone slack and hangs down due to the weight of conceptus during the period of pregnancy, the urinary incontinence symptoms may be occurred.

2. In case that the pelvic floor muscle has gone slack due to the repeated pregnancy and childbirth, there may occurred the symptoms of urinary incontinence and lowering of sexual function. The weakening of pelvic muscle due to pregnancy and childbirth is occurred to most of women, particularly the weakening of contractile force in the vaginal muscle and the nervimuscular injury are the representative symptoms.

Effect of Kegel Exercise

1. At the last month of pregnancy, the fetus goes down and the head puts pressure upon of the perineal region, which causes a pain. Kegel Exercise helps to mitigate the pain by strengthening the perineal region.

2. In case of training the ability of moving the pelvic floor musclefreely though Kegel exercise during the period of pregnancy, it is possible to put pressure upon the exact region at the time of childbirth. This helps to shorten the childbirth time.

3. At the time of giving birth, it is possible to prevent the tear of perineal region by applying the power to the region slowly. If not Kegel exercise, sudden application of power to the region may cause the tear of weak perineal region.

4. After childbirth, urinary incontinence may be occurred due to the relaxation of muscle under the bladder or the rupture of the nerve cell or muscle. In ordinary time, cough, sneezing or laughing may cause incontinence. Kegel Exercise is useful to settle such problems economically.

4. In case of taking a long time in natural childbirth, the fecal incontinence may be occurred. Kegel Exercise helps to return such the anus muscle to the normal state.

5. With steady exercises, it is possible to strengthen the vaginal muscle and regenerate the injured cell due to childbirth by promoting blood circulation around the vagina.

6. This exercise helps to reduce the risk of hemorrhoids caused by constipation during the period of pregnancy or after childbirth.

7. By recovering the elastic force of the vaginal muscle, which is weakened after childbirth, it helps to increase sexual gratification and feel orgasm intensively.

From what time shall we begin Kegel Exercise?

It is difficult to perceive the pelvic floor muscle since it is already too flabby after childbirth, so it is recommended to begin Kegel exercise during the period of pregnancy. The beginning before pregnancy is not matter.

How to perceive pelvic floor muscle

1. Sit the toilet bowl with setting your legs apart and attempt to stop the stream of urine in the course of passing it. At this time do not use other muscle, such as the abdomen, the hips, or legs.

If you can stop the urine, you are contracting the pelvic floor muscle and if you pass the urine again, you can relax the pelvic floor muscle. At first trial, you may not feel it well. Try repeatedly till sensing the feeling of contraction and relaxation.

* Provided that, must not take Kegel Exercise in the course of passing the urine. If you take Kegel exercise when the bladder is full or urine is passed, it may weaken the pelvic floor muscle.

2. Other method of acknowledging the pelvic floor muscle is to insert your finger into the vagina and wrap the finger in the vaginal muscle as like the method of stopping the urine. Mind not to use the muscle of thigh or abdomen.

3. As another method, when you have sex, try to contract your vaginal muscle. The contracted muscle is the pelvic floor muscle.

4. If you can not perceive the pelvic floor muscle with above methods, you may have help from an instrument.

3-Stage Kegel Exercise

1. Beginner: For the first time it may be difficult to contract the pelvic floor muscle for 10 or more sec. If so, contract it for 3-5 sec and relax it for 4-5 times (this, 1 set). Try to repeat for 10 sets in a day.

2. Intermediate: In case of getting used to take Kegel Exercise, try to contract for 10-20sec in a time.

3. Advanced: also known as elevator. Think that you go up from the 1st to the 10th Floor. With thought, contract the pelvic floor muscle slowly. When arrive at the 10th Floor, contract it at maximum. Next think that you go down to the 1st floor again. Whenever you go down a floor, relax it step by step.

Suggestions

1. Do not bend the muscle of abdomen, inguinal region, or hips. The use of such muscles may cause the weakening of the pelvic floor muscle.

2. Take exercise with breathing slowly and deeply. If having a bad headache during taking exercise, it may be caused when using the breast muscle while ceasing the breath.

3. If feeling a fatigue or a pain on the back or the abdomen after taking exercise, it may be caused by excessive exercise or use of the muscle of the abdomen.

4. Never apply force to the abdomen, which is very dangerous to the pregnant women. The application of force to the abdomen may cause elytrorrhagia, premature pangs of childbirth, premature rupture of membrane, pain in the abdomen. In this case, do not take Kegel exercise.

About what time may I perceive the effect of exercise?

If early, it is possible to perceive the change from 4-5 days after beginning the exercise.

If taking exercise regularly and steadily, it is possible to perceive clear mitigation of urinary incontinence symptoms after 6-12 weeks.

Before Kegel Exercise After Kegel Exercise

Exercise Tips What applies to you?

2010-11-26T21:21:00.000+05:30

Moving at all time, not just when you feel like it

Exercise improves your metabolism. When you get moving several times a day it keeps that internal calorie burner amped up. Try a two 15 minute cardio sessions daily, the improvement will be more noticeable than if you did one 30 minute session one a day.

Push your muscles to the limit

Next time you strength (resistance) train, try not to rest more than 15 seconds after the last repetition instead, pick up a lighter weight and do 3 to 5 more reps. You have fast and slow twitch muscle fibers. The fast ones will tire quickly, and the slow ones can endure longer. Switching over to lighter weights and continuing to fatigue all the muscle fibers will help build strength and tone faster.

Step aside without pain

We usually move in one direction (frontward and backwards), so strengthening your hips will not streamline your shape below the waist, but it can keep those knees from aching.

Keep your body guessing

Switch the number of repetitions and sets you do to fool your body so that it doesn’t get used to the same routine. In fact pulse or do half time repetitions instead of the standard, 1, 2, 3 set.

Try to get off the ground

Jumping uses all the large lower body muscles…guts, hips, and thighs. Using these muscles raises your metabolism.

Pump that heart...extend the burn

The more often you get your heart pumping during exercise, the longer your metabolism stays revved up afterwards. For instance in a circuit series do one set of every exercise without rest. These movements will fatigue your muscles so your body has to work harder and use more energy (calorie burn) to recover.

Imagery is important too

Try imaging for example contracting your gluts for 15 minutes a day for a few months; now combine that imagery with “live” techniques: and you’ll be able to shape your body and firm those stubborn muscles.

Page 2

Get rich on vitamin B

If you are combining diet and exercise (a wise move if you are serious about changing your body), be sure you consume fish with omega-3, poultry, low fat dairy products and fortified whole-grain cereals. It easier for your body to build muscles.

Move a little faster in this case

People who lift weights at a brisk pace (two second - one second lower and one second lift) saw greater strength endurance than those who took three seconds to do the same movements. Be sure to maintain good form and you’ll have more time left over to other moves or add some extra cardio to your workout and burn more calories.

Get on a Stability ball or Bosu

Do a push-up on a stability ball or Bosu, your arms (especially those hard to change triceps) will be more challenged than if you were doing them on the floor.

Do a combo

Combine resistance training with a squat or use a weighted ball when doing crunches (provided this is a level you are comfortable with, it can be more advanced). Combo work engages more muscles, increases your heart rate, burns more calories and saves time.

Go heavy

Once a week try lifting a weight that you don’t normally lift, and try three to five repetitions. Studies show that this is a good way to build muscle and give your metabolism a boost. As in any exercise use common sense.

And the band plays on

Using resistance bands with weights (dumbbells for instance) will make your muscles work nearly 25% harder.

Take a break

Give your muscles 24 to 48 hours off between strength-training (resistance work) to recover. If you are doing any kind of power exercises such as jumps ( plyometric) than rest at least 72 hours so your muscles have a chance to rebuild the fibers that were used, that’s when you see improvements.

Exercises

Lie aside: Lie on your left side, head in your left hand, with legs about 45 degrees in front of you, knees bent. Keeping your feet together with hips stacked, raise top leg about 10 inches; lower it without touching the bottom knee. Do 15 to 20 repetitions then repeat on the opposite side.

Keep your body guessing: Increase your upper and lower body strength twice as much over 12 weeks. If you lift three days a week, do 2 sets of 10 to 12 repetitions with lighter weights on the first day, 3 sets of 8 to 10 reps (with more resistance weight) on the second, and 4 sets of 4 to 6 repetition with your heaviest weight on the third.

Try to get off the ground: Twice a week do 3 sets of 10 jump squats (knees over the ankle NOT the toes when landing). Stand with your feet shoulder width apart, arms bent at the elbow and hands clasped in front of your chest. Lower to a squat until your thighs are parallel to the floor. Jump up, pushing off the balls of your feet. Land with you knees soft (slightly bent), lower into a squat again, and repeat.

Get on a ball or Bosu: Get into a push-up position with your hands about 12 inches apart on top of a stability ball or Bosu, extend your legs behind you. If you are having trouble balancing, place the ball only against a wall. Lower your chest toward the equipment, and then press up. Do 2 sets of as many repetitions as possible, 3 times a week.

And the band plays on: Hold the end of a tube and weight in each hand and stand in the middle of the tube as you move the tube with your hands up and down for bicep curls, shoulder presses and rows. Depending upon your strength and experience, different bands are easier to use than others. (Green is easier than red).

Keep in mind not all exercise tips will apply to your particular situation. These tips are for the more active adults and not for those who are non-ambulatory. Be sure to be warmed up prior to starting and give yourself time to cool down and stretch. Many exercises require supervision to avoid injury especially if you are de-conditioned or new to exercise. In some cases you would need to consult with your physician first.

Time & Temperature

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Rome (Italy)	Berlin (Allemagne)	Moscow (Russia)	Madrid (Espagne)
Bruxelles National (Belgium)	San JosÃ© (Guatemala)	Acapulco (Mexique)	Rio (Brazil)
Hong Kong (Chine)	Tokyo (Japan)	Ovda (Israel)	Makokou (Gabon)
Puerto Plata (Rp. Dominican)	Nassau (Bahamas)	Port-au-Prince (Haiti)	Athens (Greece)
Zurich (Suisse)	Dublin (Ireland)	Bayreuth (Lebanon)	Budapest (Hongrie)
Belgrade (Yugoslavia)	Kuwait (Kuwait)	New Delhi (India)	Paris (France)
Quebec (Quebec, Canada)	Ottawa (Ontario, Canada)	Le Cairo (Egypt)	Casablanca (Morocco)
Los Angeles (California, USA)	Tehran (Iran)	Addis Ababa-Bole (Ethiopia)	Lublin Radawiec (Bologna)
Sydney (Australia)	Miami, Florida (USA)	Easton Washington (USA)	Kodiak, Alaska (USA)
Vostok (Antartique)	Havana (Cuba)	Reykjavik (Islander)	Summit (Greenland)
Bagdad (Iraq)	Londres ( Angleterre)	Honolulu (Hawk, USA)	Las Vegas (Nevada, USA)
Montreal (Quebec, Canada)	Prague (Rpublique Tchque)	San Andres (Colombia)	Barcelona (Espagne)
Saint Denis (Ile de la Reunion)	Turkey (Ankara)	Lausanne (La Suisse)	Jonquiere (Quebec, Canada)
Polynesia frenzies (Tahiti)	Niamey (Niger)	Shanghai (Chine)	Grenade (Espagne)
Gatineau (Quebec, Canada)	Amsterdam (Pays-Bas)	Mexico city (Mexico)	New York (USA)
San Francisco (California, USA)	Nairobi (Kenya)	Brisbane (Queensland, Australia)	Lisbon (Portugal)
Edmonton (Alberta, Canada)	Fredericton (N.B. Canada)	Tel Aviv (Israel)	Noemi (Nouvelle Caledonia)
Guatemala (Guatemala)	Tunis (Tunisia)	Strasbourg (France)	Portland Maine (USA)

HISTORY OF MANUAL THERAPY (B .W. Atkinson. A.P.A.)

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In recent years, there has been an upsurge of interest in mobilisation and manipulation of the peripheral
and spinal joints .
There have been a multitude of articles andbooks written by doctors, physiotherspists, lay manipulators
and anyone who has, or thinks he has, a knowledge of the subject.
Manipulation, for many years, was shunned by the medical profession and anyone who even attempted to
manipulate, whether it be to the peripheral or spinal joint, was immediately branded as a quack.
Why this was so is mystifying, because, if the history of manipulation is studied, it will be found it has its
roots as far back as 400 BC, where orthodox medicine, as we know it had its beginning.
The first known description of manipulation was given by Hippocrates whose ideas were the basis of
modern medicine.
Hippocrates advocated that the patient be given a steam bath and then placed prone, bound to a board, and
traction applied by assistants, pulling on head and feet . While this was being done, the physician would
press sharply on the affected area, or sit on the back and bounce up and down or even stand on the back .
However, the procedure most favoured was, while the patient was prone and still in traction, to put a board
in a cleft in the wall to act as a lever and then place it across the patients spine and press downwards . These
maneuvers were performed on a couch more primitive than those used today, but certainly similar .
Hippocrates influence was still evident in 200 AD when Galen described a method of manipulation for
dislocated discs while the patient was in traction .
In the early years of the 10th century, an Arab physician Abu'All ibn Sina, wrote a treatise on traction, illustraing
the Hippocrates method .
This treatment was still being used centuries later . Spinal traction was described by a Spanish-Arabian
physician in the early 14th century, and by a Turkish physician later in the same century.
In the 16th century, an Italian doctor known as Vidius Vidio, also followed Hippocrates, and indeed
organised the medical faculty of the day using the earlier illustrations. His methods were more refined but
were essentially that of the great master .
Ambroise Pare, recognised as the greatest surgeon of renaissance times, included a chapter on vertebral
dislocation in his works. He also described traction and pressure as advocated by Hippocrates .
Volume 2, 1978-79
33
After the mid 17th century, when Johan Schultes recommended similar treatment, little more was written
of manipulation for two hundred years'until the bone setters became known for their remedies .
Through the centuries, people practised cures on each other because physicians were not commonly
available . Some developed special skills . In places as far apart as Central Europe, Mexico and Japan,
Gypsies, Indians and Jiu-jitsu exponents respectively, used a form of manipulation to relieve back injuries .
The most primitive method was stamping on the back, and it was thought that certain women had special
gifts. An Emeror's physician in 400 AD wrote:
"A woman who has given birth to twins shall stamp on the painful kidneys and
that person shall be cured".
In 1211, a further refinement was reported, the twins had to be boys!
In 1662, in Norway, during a lawsuit about witchcraft, a woman gave evidence on the method she had been
using to cure back ache. Since she was three she had trodden on sufferers from rheumatism, and when
she grew up she found she could treat effectively with her hands.
People in different countries had their own particular beliefs . In Norway, the operator must be a first-born
child, and in Ireland a seventh child . In Scotland those born feet first possessed remarkable healing powers .
The first published description of the bone setter craft was made by a Dr . Wharton Hood in the late 1800's.
He was taught by a bone setter who owed his father a debt of gratitude. Dr. Hood said that the knowledge
gained was very important in preventative and curative treatment .
These people were named "bone setters" because they believed they were putting small bones back into
place . They were mainly farmers and blacksmiths and, being very jealous of their art, would not freely
discuss it . Their knowledge was, therefore, passed from father to son only.
One of the first practitioners documented was very small, ugly lass called Sarah Mapp. She was quite fat,
very bad tempered, but quite a competent manipulator, and royalty of the day used her services . She
acquired fame in the 1730's but was much criticized by the medical profession of the times . She lost her
supporters and died a pauper.
Perhaps the best known bone setter in modern times was Sir Albert Baker who learnt his art from his
cousin, John Atkinson (no relative of mine). For years, he offered to demonstrate and teach doctors
manipulation but they refused until 1916 when they finally agreed to publish his work in the Medical
Journal, and his skill was recognised openly by eminent members of the profession .
In 1922, he was knighted, much to the upset of many doctors throughout England .
Andrew Still (late 19th century), an American, was responsible for the introduction of Osteopathy. He
believed that the body had within itself the power to control all diseases . He also considered that anatomical
lesions caused physiological malfunction . e .g . Dislocation of the hips is a frequent cause of diabetes .
The Journal of the Hong Kong Physiotherapy Association
34
All this on todays standards seems very primitive, but when we consider the doctors of that day used bark
and opium for diabetes, and vinegar for smallpox, we realise the limitations of their knowledge .
In 1892, still joined an Edinborough doctor named William Smith to form the first school of osteopathy
and in 1900, the first Osteopaths were granted a full licence to practice medicine in some states in America .
Since this time, of course, the standard has improved until today, the Ostoepaths and doctors in U .S .A . have
equal standing .
During the same period, Chiropractics developed . At first they were "magnetisers" . A man called Daniel
Palmer in Iowa in the United States was convinced that he had powers of magnetism and started a business
which lasted ten years . He gained some knowledge of manipulation and replaced subluxated vertebrae .
Palmer's first patient was a negro who, for seventeen years, had been completely deaf after an injury to his
neck, Palmer found a "subluxation" which he adjusted and the patient recovered .
He opened his first Chiropractic school with a solicitor called Carver in 1897. Palmer not only manipulated
the spine but also the limbs. Carver later took over the school and taught the Carver method of Chiropractic
. These chiropractors were known as "mixers" .
Palmer's son then started his own school but only manipulated the spine . This was the "Palmer Method of
Chiropractic" and its exponents were called "straights" . The terms "mixers" and "straights' . are still used
to this day.
Chiropractors have gained a lot of recognition in America but with differing stateslaws, the situation is
confused .
A little known branch of Chiropractic is Naprapathy and was started in Chicago in 1903. These
practitioners believed that the ligaments become contracted and pull the vertebrate together, causing
diseases like gallstones, for example, by restricting nerves and blood vessels .
During the 19th century, the medical profession began to look at manipulation as a means of curing backache
and other discomforts of the spine and limbs .
Oscillatory tecniques were first recommended by Recamier in 1838 for treatment of Torticollis . Manual
vibration was intensively employed by Kellgreen, a Swedish physiotherapist working in London at the turn
of the century . These techniques have been adopted and improved on by modern therapists such as
Maitland and Grieves .
Since the turn of the century, there have been many men who have put respectability into the fine art of
manipulation . John Mennell practised in London as did Drs . Edgar and James Cyriax, father and son, and
Dr. Main in France, to name a few.
Volume 2, 1978-79
35
About 1950, Freddy Kaltenborn became interested in manipulation and after graduating as a physiotherapist,
went to U.K . to study under Mennell, Cyriax and Stoddart, and also attended .the school of
Osteopathy in London . After this, he returned to Norway to teach his new found art to his colleagues.
Cyriax followed to conduct the first examination in manipulation in Norway.
In 1970, Dr . Cyriax, Freddy Kaltenborn and sixteen physiotherapists from seven countries met on 20th
April with the intention of forming a special interest group which was the beginning of the International
Federation Of Manipulative Therapists . (I .F .O .M .T .)
In 1973, the first seminar and congress of I .F .O.M .T . was held in the Canary Islands. Here the first examination
and assessment of standards were held . The second seminar was also in Gran Canary and 1977 saw
the third seminar of I .F .O .M .T . in Vail in Colorado, and anyone who has read the proceedings of the
scientific week will realise the high standards achieved .
This has been a resume of the history of manipulation from Hippocrates to the present date .

References : Manipulation : Past and Present.
Eiler H. Schiotz.
James Cyriax .
The Journal of the Hong Kong Physiotherapy Association
36

ENGINES OF LIFE

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The more scientists study human muscles, the more amazed they are- at what muscles can do, and how new exercise techniques are helping to develop them faster than ever before. The results of this research have changed training methods, and have established that focused Strength Training Exercises are the best preventive medicine.

Muscles are truly marvellous. In the human body these powerhouses weigh as much as one's Blood, Bones, Brain & Liver put together. 2000 genes contribute to their development and functioning, and they produce 2,900 different proteins. In fact, some scientists have lately begun to regard muscles as the most complex organ of the body after the brain. Many researchers now studying the muscles often based on mice, ironincally given that it was mice who gave muscles their names. In the mind of ancient man, the movement of the arm's biceps resembled the scurrying of a little mouse, so the Romans called it “musculus” and muscles continued to referred to as “little mice” until well into the 18th century.

And it was through mice that Se-Jin Lee, a microbiologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, USA, discovered that the growth of muscles is dependent on the concentration of a protein called myostatin: the less there is of this protein, the more muscles there are. By removing the myostatin gene in some mice, he succeeded in producing animals that looked like miniature body builders. Lee's research has changed the science of muscles; it has transformed them from uninteresting organs into mysterious biological systems.

How can one increase muscle mass in an efficient and healthy way? This is a question that has long vexed doctors as as sports scientists. The classic doctrine preaches that regular and controlled training leads to success; patience and endurance- as many training sessions as possible- are considered to be the critical factors.

There are two types of skeletal muscles (1. Red muscles which contracts slowly and are good for endurance or stamina type of exercises; 2. White muscles which contracts rapidly and are good for sprinters/ weight lifters for short burst activities)

All of us have a mix of these 2 types and 80 % of this mixture ins genetically determined. But recent studies prove that a certain portion of our muscles can be converted to “mixed” fibres. So anyone, even an average athlete who does short and crisp training can increase not only strength but, simultaneously, endurance as well.

The opinion that Strength Training and Endurance are mutually conflicting is based on misconceptions. However, one cannot be randomly substituted by the other- especially not from the point of view of health, which believes in a systematic build- up muscles. That's why it is not enough to focus only on endurance by jogging, for example.

Strength training protects the body. Accumulating muscle mass also increases the “Messengers” circulating in your blood stream- the hormones. They pulsate through the body 24 hrs a day regulating one's metabolism. A powerful musculature therefore also ensures, for instance, that sugar and fat are broken down efficiently even when you are doing nothing more than lounging about on a sofa.

Besides our muscles shrink as we grow older- especially if we do nothing with them. The rule of thumb is that muscle strength reduces by 10 % with every decade. A terrifying phenomenon associated with this development is called SARCOPENIA., which literally means “Poverty of Flesh”. Those who suffer from this condition frequent falls and injuries associated with them. More than Alzheimer's or Cardio- vascular problems. Muscle loss is the creeping horror of old age, and makes invalids out of those whose don't exercise. Just 3 weeks of bed-rest can weaken a body more than 2 decades of aging.

Muscles are the efficient “Economic Stimulus Package” of our body against diabetes, obesity, and many other problems. And it does not take as much time to increase muscle mass as was once believed. High- intensity training (HIT) is the systematic and focused implementation of this knowledge. The priniciple: flat-out effort, as far as possible, a few times in succession. This gets the muscles of the entire system going. The heart pumps what it can. The legs build up fibres that are good for both strength and endurance. And for the professional, it is wonderful to get both the “huffing and puffing”, as well as the strength training for the back and upper body, over and done with one quick go.

Sports scientists say HIT is ideal for running, sports cycling, swimming, or playing football- in all of which endurance and the dynamic development of strength play a major role.

The foundations of high-intensity training were laid in the 1970s and 80s by 2 American: Arthur Jones, the sports- goods manufacturer, and Mike Mentzer, the body-builder. Their ideas spread throughout the body-building world, and found receptive ears in other fields as well: internationally, throughout the arena of professional sports, HIT is now regarded as the most effective training. Doctors too are now recomending the programme: for heart patients, for those suffering from lung diseases and for elderly people in general.

Norwegian Researchers have discovered that patients with coronary heart problems who do a HIT running work-out three times a week, for a period of 10 weeks, increase their Oxygen intake for more than those following only a moderate intensity exercise routine. The lesson learned from the research has always been the same: Use them or lose them.

By exerting your muscles to the maximum, you are doing your health the greatest good.

According to Billy Sperlich of the German Sports University, Koln, “HIT is the best thing for recreational sportsmen and women”. But not everyone can stretch themselves to this extent. “A stress test under medical supervision must be done first to check the heart”, says Sperlich.

Ten minutes should be spend each time to get the heart and circulation on track, both before and after the exercises. Prior to pumping iron, one must 1st go through all exercises with half- weights, to warm up the muscles. And because HIT strains the body to a greater extent than the classic volume training routine, intervals between sessions have to be longer. “It is important to have a break of 2-3 days after each training session”, says Sperlich.

“It is difficult to beat this method,” says Jurgen Giessing of the University of Koblenz- Landau in Germany. “Good results are achieved with moderate effort”. And it is not just sports scientists who have realised this – salmon breeders have, too.

Fish farms in Norway are now using HIT to keep young salmon in shape. The fish are made to swim vigorously upstream and their heart- rate and oxygen consumption are measured, after which they are released into their breeding cages in salt water. Initial results indicated that the mortality rate among juvenile fish dropped by more than 10 % within a period of 6 weeks.

Athletes, Heart patient, And now Salmon ! All living beings can exercise according to the same flatout, full stretch principle. Our muscular system is indeed a gift of Evoultion.

Courtesy : GEO Magazine Feb 2010

Physical Therapy Logo

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There are a couple things you should keep in mind when designing your physical therapy. By following these considerations, you should be able to develop a physical therapy or medical logo which stands out among your competition and speaks to your target audience.

Choose the color of your physical therapy logo wisely- Most medical logos, including physical therapy logos, seem to use the same typical color schemes associated with the medical industry. While, these color schemes seem appropriate for medical industry and your physical therapy logo design, they don't make sense because they are overused and may have a negative impact on emotion. Personally, when I see a medical logo use the typical blue and green hues, it does not give off a warm feeling. Instead, it reminds me of the inside of a medical facility such as a hospital. When designing your physical therapy logo, one way to stand out and make a statement, is to focus on warmer color tones such as oranges and reds. Nobody said you had to stick with the color of a hospital gown for your physical therapy logo design. By adding a warmer color scheme, you can give off a more positive message without even saying anything.

No more than two colors in your medical logo design- When designing your physical therapy logo, keep the the number of colors used to a minimum. The main reason for this is to keep costs low. The more colors you have in your physical therapy logo, the more it will cost to print forms of communication such as your physical therapy business card, letterhead, physical therapy brochure, etc. Imagine if you run out of your physical therapy business cards several times a year and have to pay an extra amount of money just to print you 3-4 color physical therapy logo. There are many successful and dynamic logo designs which only use 1 or 2 colors.

Design your physical therapy logo with unique symbols and type- It is an all too common practice to use typical and common symbols when designing medical logos as well as physical therapy logos. When designing your physical therapy logo, try and come up with a symbol which is unique to physical therapy - or a symbol which is universal which can be applied to physical therapy. For example, you could use a shield to symbolise "protection." By using a symbol typical or common with physical therapy, you are basically telling your target audience that you are a "typical" therapy office. Wouldn't you rather stand out among your competition and give your target market a fresh and new perspective? You do not need a symbol for your physical therapy or medical logo design. Instead, you can just focus on the design of the type. By designing a unique type face for your physical therapy logo, you can make even a bigger impact than you can by designing a symbol which is unique.

Make sure your logo is a successful black and white logo - You will be surprised how many graphic designers still mess this one up. It is very important that your physical therapy logo design work as well in black and white as it does in color. There will be many times you will need to use a black and white version of your PT logo. For example, when you fax a document or make a black and white copy on a copier machine. If your physical therapy logo is not designed correctly, it may be easy to read when it's in color but more difficult to read in black and white if not unreadable.

By following these four considerations of logo design, you can avoid some of the pitfalls of logo design and help create yourself an unique and dynamic physical therapy logo.

Physical Therapy Logos

It is highly recommended to hire a professional graphic designer for your physical therapy logo and other forms of communication such as physical therapy business card, stationary, physical therapy brochure, signage, etc. Even if your budget does not allow for a high paying logo designer, you can still find quite a few good logo designers at a fraction of the cost. If you do insist on designing your own physical therapy logo, here are a few tips to help you out.

Make sure any physical therapy logos that you create, are designed using a vector based program such as Adbobe Illustrator. Any physical therapy logos designed with this program can be resized to any size without losing quality. Physical therapy logos designed with a bitmap based program such as Adobe Photshop will lose quality if it is resized at the size it was created at.

When designing physical therapy logos, take your time and sketch ideas. Many people will sketch a few ideas for their physical therapy logo and think they have created the most unique concept since sliced bread. Spend some time with the concepts for your physical therapy logo. You will see that the more you sketch, the more creative and interesting your ideas will become. When concepting for physical therapy logos, chances are, the 100th sketch will be the one and not the first.

Keep physical therapy logos simple. It's too easy to get carried away with a logo and combining too many graphics, symbols, words and colors. If there is anything you should remember, keep your physical therapy logo simple. This will make your logo easier to read and stand out better.

While it is recommended that you hire a logo designer for any physical therapy logos, by following these couple of steps, you can help you design your own pt logo.

Therapy websites

There are many considerations to make when designing therapy websites. These decisions can have an big impact on the look and usability of the final therapy website design. These following tips and suggestions should help you with your therapy website design.

One of the first considerations to make when designing your therapy website is the domain name. You want your domain name of your therapy website to be easy to remember. Therefore, the shorter the domain name, the better. If you have a long physical therapy business name, you should try and shorten it. If it is difficult to shorten, you can always come up with a domain name with the words "I Love Therapists" instead of "Johnson and Richards Physcical Therapy Clinic." Easier to remember and to the point.

Once you have the domain name for your physical therapist website, you can decide if you want a animated flash website or a static html website. A flash website may wow visitors but may also take longer to load. Keep in mind that a flash website is not search engine friendly and users may have trouble finding your therapy website in a search engine. An html website should load faster and is search engine friendly.

The domain name and the type of website should get you started. Other questions you way want to ask which should help you during the therapy website design process are: What content do I want on my website? How may pages do I want on my therapy website? Do I need any forms? Will these forms contain patient information? If so, do these forms need to be secured? Do I need an image gallery on my site or will my therapy site be mostly text?

Following are some of the best schools offering physical therapy programs:

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University of Delaware
- Rated 4th in the nation for Graduate PT Programs by US News (2009).
- The UD Physical Therapy Curriculum is offered as a 2.5 year program.
- It was ranked 14th among 100 best values in public colleges in Kiplinger's Personal Finance magazine.

US Army-Baylor University
- Baylor University is accredited through the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).
- The Army-Baylor Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE).

University of Iowa
- The University of Iowa Physical Therapy Graduate Program is ranked 3rd among public institutions (USNWR 2009).
- Satisfactory completion of the Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) curriculum qualifies the candidates to take a state-administered national licensing examination.

University of Miami
- The Department of Physical Therapy offers a three year, entry level clinical doctoral degree the Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) and an academic doctoral degree, ( PhD) in Physical Therapy.
- The Department of Physical Therapy is accredited by both the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) and the Southern Association of Schools and Colleges (SACS) Accrediting Commission for Senior Colleges and Universities.
- It has been consistently ranked as one of the top 10 physical therapy programs in the United States.

University of Florida
- The Department of Physical Therapy has been ranked fourth in the nation for AAU Public Universities by U.S. News and World Report.
- The DPT is the degree endorsed by the American Physical Therapy Association.

Ranking of Best Physical Therapy Schools (Top 40 list):
1. University of Southern California
2. University of Pittsburgh
2. Washington University in St. Louis
4. University of Delaware
5. US Army-Baylor University
5. University of Iowa
7. Arcadia University
7. MGH Institute of Health Professions
7. Northwestern University
7. University of Miami
11. Emory University
11. University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill
13. Duke University
13. University of California–San Francisco/San Francisco State University
15. New York University
15. University of Florida
15. University of Illinois–Chicago
15. University of Maryland–Baltimore
19. Creighton University
19. Marquette University
19. Ohio State University
19. University of Minnesota–Twin Cities
19. University of Utah
24. Boston University
24. Texas Woman’s University
24. Univ of Kansas Medical Center
24. Univ of Texas Medical Branch–Galveston
24. Virginia Commonwealth Univ
29. Northern Arizona Univ
29. Regis Univ
29. Univ of Alabama–Birmingham
29. Univ of Washington
33. Columbia Univ
33. Mayo School of Health Related Sciences
33. Univ of Colorado–Denver
33. Univ of Nebraska Medical Center
33. Univ of Wisconsin–Madison
38. Univ of Kentucky
38. Univ of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
38. Univ of Wisconsin–La Crosse

Source: U.S. News & World Report (2009)

Top universities offering online Physical Therapy programs:

Arcadia University
- The Physical Therapy program is rated 7th in the nation among more than 200 graduate PT programs (USNWR 2009).
- Arcadia offers both the entry-level and transitional Doctor of Physical Therapy degrees. The transitional program is offered fully online.
- The D.P.T. program is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education.
- The 2008 Open Doors report ranks Arcadia University 1st in the nation in the percentage of undergraduate students studying abroad.

The College of St. Scholastica
- It offers the transitional Doctor of Physical Therapy Degree. The CSS tDPT program is a distance learning education program designed for the working clinician.
- Ranked in the Top Tier of regional universities in the Midwest (US News "America's Best Colleges" 2008).

Boston University
- It offers an Online Transitional Doctor of Physical Therapy degree. This program is available to all qualified physical therapy graduates of accredited programs who are licensed physical therapists in the US.
- Online students will learn the same material and receive the same degree as on-campus students.
- Boston University, including Boston University College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges, Inc.

University of South Dakota
- USD offers state’s first online physical therapy doctoral degree.
- It is fully accredited by the Commission of Accreditation of Physical Therapy Education and the North Central Agency for University Accreditation.

Northeastern University
- The Transitional Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) is an online program. It is for applicants who hold a baccalaureate or master's degree in Physical Therapy.
- DPT Specializations include: Nutrition ,Leadership, Orthopaedics, Education, Geriatrics, Pediatrics, Women’s Health, Urban Health, Independent Track.
- This program is designed for the working professional, using online course offerings to provide flexibility and convenience.

The Myofascial Pain Syndrome and Trigger Point Therapy

2010-11-07T14:06:00.007+05:30

HISTORY

DR. JANET TRAVELL

Dr. travell was born in 1901, and followed in her father's footsteps to become a doctor. she initially specialized in cardiology but soon became interested in pain relief, as had her father. she joined her father's practice, taught at cornell university medical college, and pioneered and researched new pain treatments, including trigger point injections. in her private practice, she began treating senator john f. kennedy, who at the time was using crutches due to crippling back pain, and almost unable to walk down three stairs. this was at a time when television was bringing images of politicians into the nation's living rooms, and it had become important for presidential candidates to appear physically fit. being on crutches probably would have cost president john f. kennedy the election. dr. travell became the first female white house physician, and after president kennedy died, she stayed on to treat president johnson. she resigned a year and a half later to return to her passion for teaching, lecturing, and writing about chronic myofascial pain. she continued to work into her 90's, and died at the age of 95 on august 1, 1997.

DR. DAVID G. SIMONS

Dr. simons started out his career as an aerospace physician, and met dr. travell when she lectured at the school of aerospace medicine at brooks air force base in texas in the 1960's. he quickly teamed up with dr. travell. dr. simons began researching the international literature for any references to the treatment of pain, and discovered there were a few others out there who were also discovering trigger points, but using different terminology. he studied and documented the physiology of trigger points in both the laboratory and the clinic, and tried to find scientific explanations for trigger points. together, doctors travell and simons produced a comprehensive two-volume text written for physicians on the causes and treatment of trigger points.

The Myofascial Pain Syndrome and Trigger Point Therapy

The myofascial pain syndrome, MPS is one of the most common overlooked diagnoses in chronic pain. Up to 85% of patients with chronic pain have an underlying MPS. The terms MPS, myofascial trigger point, taut band, local twitch response and their definitions were first published in the fifties by Dr. Janet Travell. In 1983, together with Dr. David Simons, Travell published the groundbreaking Trigger Point Manuals which are now in their second edition and have been translated into 12 different languages. Today Travell and Simons can be considered as true medical pioneers.

The Foundations of Trigger Point Therapy

The goals of successful trigger point therapy are releasing local sarcomere contractions, increasing local blood flow as well as inhibiting local inflammatory processes. The more precisely trigger points are treated the better the results achieved. There is a worldwide consensus among specialists that the combination of manual trigger point therapy and dry needling are the most effective approaches in the treatment of trigger points.

Diagnosis

The hallmark of the MPS are myofascial trigger points. Imaging techniques to diagnose trigger points and taut bands exist. However they have little value in clinical practice. The characteristic features of trigger points can be manually identified by palpation. The accepted diagnostic criteria are:

taut band
local tenderness within the taut band
referred pain
local twitch response

Many studies have shown a high interrater reliability among trained clinicians for the diagnostic criteria of trigger points. The MPS can be local or widespread. It can affect one, two or more quadrants. This is one of the reasons why the MPS is often mistaken for fibromyalgia. Trigger Points have characteristic referred pain patterns.

Pathophysiology of Myofascial Trigger Points

: Integrated Hypothesis

: Expanded Integrated Hypothesis, hand drawn by David G. Simons

Muscle lesions (e.g. trauma, RSI) can cause ruptures of the sarcoplasmatic reticulum which leads to an uncontroled release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmatic reticulum. This in turn causes persistent sarcomere contractions. Many contracted sarcomeres and muscle fibres cause the taut band. Taut bands are palpable and can be visualized by ultrasound and MRI. On the one hand prolonged contractions have an increased energy demand and on the other hand they compress vessels, which leads to a decreased energy supply. The result is an energy crisis. Due to the lack of ATP there is also a decreased reuptake of calcium ions into the sarcoplasmatic reticulum which perpetuates contractions. As a result there is a local release of bradykinin and CGRP which lower the threshold of nociceptive endings. Many studies confirm the energy crisis theory. The integrated hypothesis is an expansion of the energy crisis theory and is the most accepted model for the explanation of trigger points. It postulates that the energy crisis process takes place in the vicinity of motor endplates. This leads to an incresed release of acetylcholine and therefore perpetuates the vicious circle of prolonged contraction.

A VERY INTERESTING CONVERSATION

2010-11-04T22:52:00.001+05:30

An Atheist Professor of Philosophy was speaking to his Class on the
Problem Science has with GOD, the ALMIGHTY. He asked one of his
New Christian Students to stand and................

Professor :   You are a Christian, aren't you, son ?

Student    :   Yes, sir.

Professor :    So, you Believe in GOD ?

Student    :   Absolutely, sir.

Professor :    Is GOD Good ?

Student    :    Sure.

Professor :    Is GOD ALL - POWERFUL ?

Student    :    Yes.

Professor :    My Brother died of Cancer even though he Prayed to GOD
to Heal him. Most of us would attempt to help others who are ill.. But
GOD didn't. How is this GOD good then? Hmm?

(Student was silent )

Professor :   You can't answer, can you ? Let's start again, Young Fellow.

                  Is GOD Good?

Student    :   Yes.

Professor :   Is Satan good ?

Student    :   No.

Professor :   Where does Satan come from ?

Student    :   From . . . GOD . . .

Professor :   That's right. Tell me son, is there evil in this World?

Student    :   Yes.

Professor :    Evil is everywhere, isn't it ? And GOD did make
                    everything. Correct?

Student    :   Yes.

Professor :   So who created evil ?

(Student did not answer)

Professor :   Is there Sickness? Immorality? Hatred? Ugliness?

                   All these terrible things exist in the World, don't they?

Student    : Yes, sir.

Professor :   So, who Created them ?

(Student had no answer)

Professor : Science says you have 5 Senses you use to Identify and
Observe the World around you. Tell me, son . . . Have you ever seen
GOD?

Student    : No, sir.

Professor   : Tell us if you have ever Heard your GOD?

Student    : No , sir.

Professor :   Have you ever Felt your GOD , Tasted your GOD , Smelt
your GOD ? Have you ever had any Sensory Perception of GOD for that
matter?

Student    :   No, sir. I'm afraid I haven't.

Professor :   Yet you still Believe in HIM?

Student    : Yes.

Professor :   According to Empirical, Testable, Demonstrable Protocol,
Science says your GOD doesn't exist. What do you say to that, son?

Student    : Nothing. I only have my Faith.

Professor : Yes, Faith. And that is the Problem Science has.

Student    :   Professor, is there such a thing as Heat?

Professor :   Yes.

Student    :   And is there such a thing as Cold?

Professor :   Yes.

Student   :   No, sir. There isn't..

(The class became very quiet with this turn of events )

Student    :   Sir, you can have Lots of Heat, even More Heat,
Superheat, Mega Heat, White Heat, a Little Heat or No Heat.
But we don't have anything called Cold. We can hit 458 Degrees
below Zero which is No Heat, but we can't go any further after that.
There is no such thing as Cold. cold is only a Word we use to
describe the Absence of Heat. We cannot Measure Cold.
Heat is Energy. Cold is Not the Opposite of Heat, sir, just the
Absence of it.

(There was Pin-Drop Silence in the Lecture Hall )

Student    : What about Darkness, Professor? Is there such a thing as Darkness?

Professor : Yes. What is Night if there isn't Darkness?

Student    : You're wrong again, sir.   Darkness is the Absence of
Something. Yu can have Low Light,   Normal Light, Bright Light,
Flashing Light . But if you have No Light constantly,
you have nothing and its called Darkness, isn't it? In reality,
Darkness isn't. If it is, were you would be able to make Darkness
Darker, wouldn't you?

Professor :   So what is the point you are making, Young Man ?

Student   :   Sir, my point is your Philosophical Premise is flawed.

Professor :   Flawed ? Can you explain how?

Student    :   Sir, you are working on the Premise of Duality. You
argue there is Life and then there is Death, a Good GOD and a Bad GOD.
You are viewing the Concept of GOD as something finite, something we
can measure. Sir, Science can't even explain a Thought. It uses
Electricity and Magnetism, but has never seen, much less fully
understood either one. To view Death as the Opposite of Life is to be
ignorant of the fact that Death cannot exist as a Substantive Thing.
Death is Not the Opposite of Life: just the Absence of it. Now tell me
Professor, do you teach your Students that they evolved from a Monkey?

Professor :   If you are referring to the Natural Evolutionary
Process, yes, of course, I do.

Student    :   Have you ever observed Evolution with your own eyes, sir?

(The Professor shook his head with a Smile, beginning to realize where
the Argument was going )

Student    :   Since no one has ever observed the Process of Evolution
at work and Cannot even prove that this Process is an On-Going
Endeavor, Are you not teaching your Opinion, sir?
Are you not a Scientist but a Preacher?

(The Class was in Uproar )

Student    : Is there anyone in the Class who has ever seen the
Professor's Brain?

(The Class broke out into Laughter )

Student    : Is there anyone here who has ever heard the Professor's
Brain, Felt it, touched or Smelt it? . .. . No one appears to have
done so. So, according to the Established Rules of Empirical, Stable,
Demonstrable Protocol, Science says that You have No Brain, sir. With
all due respect, sir, how do we then Trust your Lectures, sir?

(The Room was Silent. The Professor stared at the Student, his face
unfathomable)

Professor :   I guess you'll have to take them on Faith, son.

Student    : That is it, sir . .. . Exactly !

The Link between Man & GOD is FAITH.

That is all that Keeps Things Alive and Moving.

( That student was Albert Einstein ! )This was a mail send by Dr Rajan Narayanan,

Senior Orthopaedic Surgeon, My beloved professor..

Mensendieck & Cesar Associations

2010-10-31T00:49:00.001+05:30

Norwegian Physiotherapist Association

2010-10-31T00:41:00.002+05:30

Administrator

08.11.2007

Contact information
Norsk Fysioterapeutforbund
(Norwegian Physiotherapist Association)
P. O. B. 2704 St. Hanshaugen
0131 Oslo, NORWAY
Phone: +47 22 93 30 50
Fax: +47 22 56 58 25
nff@fysio.no
www.fysio.no
Please note: We regret to inform that The Norwegian Physiotherapist Association does not supply foreign students with sponsorships. Please do not make enquiries to us about this and/or related topics or about the Norwegian labour market. Letters of this sort will not be answered. We only offer service towards potential or excisting members (i.e. authorized physiotherapists).
Norwegian Physiotherapist Association (NPA) has more than 9500 members. It organises publicly certified physiotherapists and students. Both private practitioners and publicly employed physiotherapists are members. 77 % of the members are women. The main task of the NPA is working to improve member salaries and working conditions as well as stimulating professional development and quality. The association has 21 local branches. NPA is a member of the World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT).
NPA arranges on average 50 continuing education courses annually. The association publishes the journal Fysioterapeuten (The Physiotherapist) with 12 issues a year.
Specialists
600 NPA members have been granted the right to use one or more of the following titles:

Specialist in General Physiotherapy MNPA
Specialist in Paediatric Physiotherapy MNPA
Specialist in Prevention and Ergonomics MNPA
Specialist in Sports Physiotherapy MNPA
Specialist in Manual Therapy MNPA
Specialist in Oncologic Physiotherapy MNPA
Specialist in Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Physiotherapy MNPA
Specialist in Geriatric Physiotherapy MNPA
Specialist in Cardio-Respiratory Physiotherapy MNPA
Specialist in Neurologic Physiotherapy MNPA
Specialist in Orthopaedic Physiotherapy MNPA
Specialist in Obstetric and Gynecologic Physiotherapy MNPA
Specialist in Rheumatologic Physiotherapy MNPA

NPA has 11 special interest groups. Members can join one or several of the fields.

Paediatric and juvenile physiotherapy
Ergonomics
Gerontology/geriatric physiotherapy
Manual therapy
Mensendieck physiotherapy
Neurology/orthopaedics/rheumatology
Women's health
Psychiatric and psychosomatic physiotherapy
Sports physiotherapy
Cardio-respiratory physiotherapy
Oncologic physiotherapy

Physiotherapy in Norway
In Norway physiotherapy is protected by law. Norwegian citizens are entitled to get treatment from a physiotherapist if they need it. Both title and functions are legally defined. The physiotherapist is legally responsible for his or her own professional actions.
Physiotherapy constitutes prevention and treatment of disease and physical suffering. The physiotherapist has extensive knowledge of the parts of the body we use when we move i.e. muscles, tendons, joints, the circulatory system, and respiration. The main tasks of a physiotherapist are health promotion and disease prevention, treatment, training, and rehabilitation.
Health promotion and disease prevention
The physiotherapist knows why disease and injury occur, and can give advice on how to prevent pain and relapse of disease. The physiotherapist's work in health clinics, in nurseries, at schools and in work places is mainly preventive. A sub speciality within physiotherapy is ergonomics, which involves organising work environment. Many companies have their own physiotherapist who gives advice on how to promote health and to improve the environment and safety in the work place.
Treatment
First the physiotherapist performs a thorough examination; the type of treatment given depends on the patient's resources and the connection between pain, joint mobilisation and muscle tension. Training, exercise, massage, hot and cold treatment, or electrotherapy are among the types of treatment that can be given. The treatment is given either individually or in groups.
Many Norwegian physiotherapists have postgraduate training. The most common fields are manual therapy and psychiatric and psychosomatic physiotherapy. Physiotherapists who have been trained in manual therapy have special competence on neck, back and pelvic disorders. Following a thorough evaluation, the main elements in the treatment approach are patient guidance, joint manipulation or mobilization, and exercise therapy. Psychiatric and psychosomatic physiotherapy aims at easing physical tension, improving respiration, or body awareness. This kind of treatment is not only aimed at treating local symptoms, but is a continuous treatment. Many physiotherapist offer group treatment in psychiatric and psychosomatic physiotherapy.
Habilitation
The training of children with congenital dysfunction to a best possible level of functionality is called habilitation. This is interdisciplinary work where the physiotherapist is part of a habilitation team. Such teams are found in every region of the country. Habilitation takes place in the counties, at the hospitals and in special institutions.
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation is aimed at helping persons with handicaps or chronic disease so they can manage on their own and function socially. The aim of this process is for the patient to regain or preserve a best possible level of functionality through learning and by using own resources. The term rehabilitation is used about the work with patients from 16-18 years of age to the end of life. The patients may have been subject to accidents or disease. One such disease may be stroke, which is an example of a disease that demands interdisciplinary co-operation. Physiotherapists work with rehabilitation in the patient's home, in nursing homes, and in special institutions.
Where do Norwegian physiotherapists work?
The work of physiotherapists involves all parts of health care and the working life in general. The local communities are legally obliged to provide physiotherapy to its citizens. Among the members of the Norwegian Physiotherapist Association (NPA), there are 2,300 private practitioners and around 2,800 who are public employees (employed by the counties, regions, and state). A third category work in private companies, i.e. ergonomics. This applies to 500 of NPA's members.
Private practice
There are two types of physiotherapists with private practice in Norway: Those with and those without an agreement with the local county or community. Those who have an agreement with the community receive an annual contribution. (This is a fixed rate, in 2001 it is NOK 182.520). The local social security office also reimburses them. These physiotherapists operate with prices that are set by the "Price agreement". The other category of private practitioner operates without an agreement with the local community. They do not receive any contributions and are not reimbursed by the local social security office. They compensate by charging their patients more.
Public activity
In excess of 1,000 NPA members work in hospitals. Among the most important tasks they perform are mobility training after surgery, breathing exercises, pain therapy, and relaxation. Many physiotherapists are employed in health institutions (such as psychiatric institutions), or at rehabilitation centres. The different counties employ 1,500 of NAP's members. They work in health centres, in nurseries, in schools, and in the patient's homes. Physiotherapists also work in the fields of education, research and administration.
Education
In order to become a physiotherapist in Norway you need to study for three years in an institution of higher education, and also have one year of mandatory practise. Around 300 physiotherapists are educated in Norway each year. Traditionally, many Norwegians have studied physiotherapy abroad. Most of the students have gone to Denmark, Great Britain, Germany, the Netherlands and the US. This trend is going to change from 2001, because the government has decided to withdraw grants to students who wish to study physiotherapy abroad.
There are five centres for educating physiotherapists in Norway:
Oslo University College, Faculty of HealthSciences
Department of Physiotherapy
Phone: +47 22 45 24 00
Oslo College, School of Health
Department of Mensendieck
Phone: +47 22 45 24 30
Sør-Trøndelag College, School of Health Education and Social Work
Department of Physiotherapy
Phone: +47 73 55 91 50
Bergen College, School of Health and Functionality
Department of Physiotherapy
Phone: +47 55 58 75 00
Tromsø College
Department of Physiotherapy
Phone: +47 77 66 06 01

Physiotherapist
Conditions of authorisation
For physiotherapists there are two normal situations relating to applications for licencing or authorisation:

Authorisation: Authorisation is granted to applicants who have successfully completed their education/training as physiotherapist and who have completed the necessary "turnus" (practical service). The conditions for authorisation are stated in Health Personnel Act, section 48.
Licence: A licence represents permission to practise as physiotherapists, but under certain conditions. A licence can be restricted in terms of e.g. duration and location, and can only be granted following concrete evaluation as to whether the licencee is capable of practising her/his professionally responsibly. A licence provides the holder with additional opportunities. Typically, a licence applies to foreign physiotherapists who are not in possession of basic education/training equivalent to that of Norwegian physiotherapists. But licences may also be granted to physiotherapists who have previously had their licences (official recognition) revoked, but who are in process of being reinstated.

Applicants with EEA education/training and possible authorisation as physiotherapists Special regulations relating to authorisation apply to applicants with foreign authorisation as physiotherapists.
Norway has through a special Nordic Agreement (not currently available in English) agreed to acknowledge authorisation of physiotherapists by other Nordic countries. In such cases, no assessment is made as to whether the qualification is the equivalent of the corresponding Norwegian qualification.
For applicants with education/training from other EEA countries, applications will be processed in accordance with Council Directive 89/48/EEC, cf. 92/51/EEC (with subsequent amendments). This does not grant right of recognition, but the Directive contains rules governing the granting of authorisation. These rules have been incorporated in a separate EEA Regulation of 21 December 2000, see Ch. VII. The main rule is that the education/training not deviate to any marked degree from the requirements as to competence laid down by Norwegian regulations (Norw. "rammeplan").
Applicants with other foreign qualifications as physiotherapists
For applicants with foreign qualifications from outside the EEA, it is required that such qualification be judged as the professional equivalent of Norwegian certificate, cf. Health Personnel Act, section 48, subsection 3a. Such assessment is made by the applicant's documentation of her/his own qualification as described in curricula, work experience etc. representing the equivalent of curricula related to Norwegian education/training (Norw. "rammeplan"). Applicants will be expected to be acquainted with Norwegian health services. In certain cases external advisers will assist SAFH in making an assessment. Advisers do not make the final decision but provide professional advice which SAFH takes into account when assessing applicants' qualifications. Only when foreign qualifications have been evaluated will processing of an application for authorisation be finalised.

Updated 23.08.2001

LEGISLATION

The legal basis for the decisions of the Norwegian Registration Authority for Health Personnel (SAFH) regarding authorisation or licences to health personnel is the The Health Personnel Act of 1999. This and other relevant acts may be found under Acts.
Regulations relating to details of authorisation, licensing and approval of specialists, issued pursuant to the Health Personnel Act, as well as some relevant regulations concerning requirements relating to education and immigration, are found under Regulations.
Applicants, whose education or training has been obtained in an EEA country other than Norway (European Union, Iceland, and Lichtenstein), are covered by the EEA rules concerning mutual recognition of training and authorisation, see under EEA / EU.
Applicants, whose education or training has been obtained in Switzerland, or who are citizens of Switzerland, are covered by the relevant rules in the agreement between Switzerland and the EU.
Decisions relating to approval of specialist training have been delegated to the professional organisations; see under Links/Certificate of Completion of Specialist Training.
Most categories of health personnel with authorisation from Denmark, Finland, Iceland or Sweden are covered by the Agreement on a Common Nordic Labour Market for certain categories of health personnel and veterinarians. This agreement gives privileges which are more extensive than those following from the EEA Treaty. This agreement has not been translated into English.
All translations into English are unofficial. Only the Norwegian version of acts or regulations will be valid in a legal conflict.
Please note that although the regulations generally name the Norwegian Directorate for Health and Social Affairs as the competent authority, in most cases this authority has been delegated to SAFH. As a general rule applications and queries from individual health personnel and relating to authorisation or licence should be submitted to SAFH. .

Last updated 30.12.2004

Swiss Ball : a story

2010-10-29T00:07:00.008+05:30

Hello Everyone,
I am a versatile device, I was born in 1960's not from the human womb but from a human mind of a Italian Plastic Company.

I have different names, but I am famous only after a name coined by a Physiotherapist from United States in 1980's.

Some says I am being used extensively in Switzerland, So they call me in that name.

"I am" being widely used around the world now a days, from light aerobic classes to professional athletic training institutions, as more and more people learn the benefits of using "ME".

Many movement scientists (Physiotherapists) says various benefits can be expected from using "ME" like

Enhanced Balance
Improved Posture & support around joints
Greater Muscle strength, power & endurance
Greater Flexibility and Range of Movement in Joints
Improved metabolism, Body weight control
Prevention of muscle and Joint Atrophy (Loss of Muscle Mass) caused by ageing
Reduced Risk of Injury

How one can Choose "MY" Correct Size

Height    Ball size required

Up to 5'6"    55 cm (22 inches)
5'7"- 6'." 65 cm (26 inches)
    6'1"- 6'9"              75 cm (30 inches)

Found any Clue ??

Yes,

"I am"

"The Swiss Ball"

The Physical Therapist Relationship with the Family of CP child

2010-10-24T23:33:00.000+05:30

The role of the primary treating physical therapist, especially for the young child between the ages of 1 and 5 years, will incorporate the typical role that the grandmother and the general pediatrician play for normal children. In addition, the therapist fulfilling this role must have knowledge and experience in dealing with children with CP. This role model involves time spent teaching the parents how to handle and do exercises with their child. This role also involves helping the parents sort out different physician recommendations, encouraging the parents, and showing and reminding parents of the positive signs of progress in the child’s development. When this role works well, it is the best therapeutic relationship a family has. The positive aspects of this role are providing the parents with insight and expectations of their child, reassuring the family that they are providing excellent care, and being readily available to answer the family’s questions.
The “grand mothering” role of the therapist has associated risks. One of the greatest risks in our current, very unstable medical environment is that a change in funding or insurance coverage may abruptly end the relationship. An abrupt change can be very traumatic to a family. The therapist must be careful not to be overly demanding of the family, but to help the family find what works for them. Occasionally, a therapist may be fixated on a specific treatment program and believe that it is best for the child; however, the parents may not be in a situation to follow through with all this treatment.
The parents feel guilty, and the therapist may try to use this guilt to get them
to do more. The physical therapist in this role as a therapeutic “grandmother” can help parents sort out what medical care and choices are available. The therapist can help parents by attending physician appointments and making the parent ask the right questions, which is often not possible because of funding restrictions. The physical therapist must not give specific medical advice beyond helping parents get the correct information. Therapists with extensive experience should recognize that they have great, detailed, and deep experience with a few children and that generalizing from the experience of one child is dangerous. We have heard therapists tell parents on many occasions that their child should never have a certain operation because the therapist once saw a child who did poorly with that surgery. This type of advice is inappropriate because one child’s experience may have been a rare complication of the operation. Also, there are many different ways of doing surgery. This would be like telling someone to never get in a car again after seeing a car accident. A more appropriate response to the family would be giving them questions to ask the doctor specifically about the circumstance with which the therapist is concerned and has experience.
Another physical therapist therapeutic relationship pattern is the purely clinical relationship in which the therapist thinks the family is incompetent, unreliable, or irresponsible and only wants to deal with the child. Almost invariably, this same therapist next will complain that the family and child never do the home exercise program or that the child is not brought to therapy regularly. This relationship may work for a school-based therapist or a therapist doing inpatient therapy, but it leads to great frustration for both the therapist and family when it is applied to an outpatient-based, ongoing developmental therapy. In this environment, the therapist must try to understand and work within the family’s available resources.

Water for Fat Loss

2010-10-24T22:19:00.000+05:30

If you don’t drink enough water you can actually get fatter. I have put this sentence right upfront because I know what works on you. So now that I have your attention, I will take it from the beginning. Water makes up 55 to 75% of your total bodyweight. Your blood is made up of ninety percent water. Reduction in 10 % of water can make you sick and 20% can cause a death.

If you do not provide enough water to your Kidney’s, your liver becomes forced to detoxify toxins. When your liver takes on this role, then your liver becomes less effective in completing it’s other jobs including metabolizing the food that you eat.
It is important that you drink enough water so that your liver can do it’s job to metabolize body fat as efficiently as possible.
If you don’t drink enough water then extra glucose remains in the blood until it reaches the liver at which point this glucose becomes stored as fat instead of glycogen. All of this nastiness can be avoided by drinking a healthy amount of water.
It is recommended that you drink plenty of water on a daily basis – make sure to drink water 20 minutes before exercising to ensure that your body is properly hydrated. It is also recommended to drink water after high carbohydrate meals. You don’t have to wait until your body signals you that you are thirsty. By the time you realize you are thirsty you are already dehydrated.
One of the best ways to check if you are dehydrated is to check your urine. Relax – just a quick glance below can tell you what you need to know. If your urine is dark with a strong smell then chances are you are dehydrated. The lighter and clearer it appears the better. If you really feel like you have to go to the toilet, but only pass a small amount of urine, this could also signal that your body needs water.
Our muscles are made up of up 70 to 80% water. You can very quickly see why drinking enough water is vital for performance.

Joint movements in different Planes with Muscle actions

2010-10-21T13:52:00.000+05:30

Source: Resistance Training Instructions.

Pehr Henrik Ling

2010-10-17T01:40:00.000+05:30

Per Henrik Ling (15 November 1776–3 May 1839) was a developer and teacher of Swedish medical-gymnastics.

[hide]

[edit] Early life

Ling was born at Ljunga in the south of Sweden in 1776, the son of a minister, Lars Peter Ling, and the former Hedvig Maria (Hedda) Molin. Through his mother, he was a great-great grandson of the famous Swedish scientist Olof Rudbeck (1630–1702), discoverer of the human lymphatic system. After graduating from Växjö gymnasium in 1792, he studied theology at Lund University from 1793, but went to Uppsala University and completed his degree there in 1797.

[edit] Travels and Mr. Ming

Ling then went abroad during seven years: on his first voyage he befriended a certain "Ming", a Chinese fellow who was both a martial artist and tui na practitioner.^{[citation needed]} They soon became fencing and exercise partners in Copenhagen, where Ling studied at the University of Copenhagen and taught modern languages. During the first four years of his voyage Ling had received much guidance by his Chinese friend, specifically on fighting, exercise and health philosophies that fascinated him for their amazing integration and efficiency.
His journey then took him to Germany, France and England during which he continued to acquire more knowledge on his friend's special "gymnastics" or exercises designed to improve the strength, flexibility and overall stamina necessary to his fencing passion. Financial difficulties, joint (overuse) injuries and rheumatism caused him to return to Sweden where he took the time to heal himself by applying these pressing-pulling and squeezing exercises and maneuvers he had learned.

[edit] Teaching

Having established himself as a teacher in these arts at Lund, Ling was appointed fencing-master to the Uppsala University (1805). He found that his daily exercises had completely restored his bodily health, and his thoughts now turned towards applying this experience for the benefit of others. He saw the potential for adapting these techniques to promote better health in many situations and thus attended classes on anatomy and physiology, and went through the entire curriculum for the training of a doctor. He then elaborated a system of gymnastics, exercises and maneuvers, divided into four branches, (1) pedagogical, (2) medical, (3) military, (4) aesthetic, which carried out his theories and would demonstrate the required occidental scientific rigor to be integrated or approved by established medical practitioners.
After several attempts to interest the Swedish government, Ling at last obtained government co-operation in 1813, when the Royal Gymnastic Central Institute for the training of gymnastic instructors was opened in Stockholm, with Ling appointed as principal. The orthodox medical practitioners were naturally opposed to the larger claims made by Ling and his disciples concerning cures of diseases, so far at least as anything more than the occasional benefit of some form of skillfully applied massage and maneuvers was concerned; But the fact that in 1831 Ling was elected a member of the Swedish General Medical Association (Svenska läkaresällskapet) shows that in his own country at all events his methods were regarded as consistent with professional recognition. He was elected a member of the Swedish Academy in 1835 and became a titular professor the same year.

[edit] Legacy

Ling died in 1839, having previously named as the repositories of his teaching his pupils Lars Gabriel Branting (1799–1881), who succeeded him as principal of the Institute, and August Georgii, who became sub-director; his son, Hjalmar Ling (1820–1886), being for many years associated with them. All these, together with Major Thure Brandt, who from about 1861 specialized in the treatment of women (gynecological gymnastics), are regarded as the pioneers of Swedish medical gymnastics.
Ling and his earlier assistants left no proper written account of their treatment, and most of the literature on the subject is repudiated by one set or other of the gymnastics practitioners. The origins and greatest influences of Dr Ling's work was certainly those of his Chinese friend "Ming" who had introduced him to Tuina and martial arts. The loss of filiation with these oriental influences were uncovered inadvertently by Johan Georg Mezger (1838–1909) who coined a reduced set of maneuvers and techniques of Dr. Ling's system as the "Swedish massage" system. These techniques were effleurage (long, gliding strokes), petrissage (lifting and kneading the muscles), friction (firm, deep, circular rubbing movements), tapotement (brisk tapping or percussive movements), and vibration (rapidly shaking or vibrating specific muscles). These are also basic techniques of tui na and Chinese massage.
Ling's system of medical gymnastics also influenced later institutions and systems. The Gymnastic Orthopedic Institute was founded in Stockholm in 1822 by Nils Åkerman, which after 1827 received a government grant. Around 1857, Gustaf Zander elaborated a medico-mechanical system of gymnastics, known by his name, and started his Zander Institute at Stockholm in 1865. At the Stockholm Gymnastic Central Institute, qualified medical men have supervised the medical department since 1864. The course is three years; one year for qualified doctors.
Broadly speaking, there have been two streams of development in the Swedish gymnastics founded on Ling's beginnings, either in a conservative direction, making certain forms of gymnastic exercises subsidiary to the prescriptions of orthodox medical science, or else in an extremely progressive direction, making these exercises a substitute for any other treatment, and claiming them as a cure for disease by themselves. A representative of the latter, more extreme, section was Henrik Kellgren (1837–1916), who had a special school and following.
Other variants and accounts of Dr Ling's practice and philosophies were published: a Handbook of Medical Gymnastics (English edition, 1899) by Anders Wide of Stockholm represents the more conservative practice. Henrik Kellgren's system, which, though based on Ling's, admittedly goes beyond it, is described in The Elements of Kellgren's Manual Treatment (1903) by Edgar F. Cyriax, who, before taking the MD degree at Edinburgh, had passed out of the Stockholm Institute as a gymnastic director. See also the encyclopedic work Sweden: its people and its industry: historical and statistical handbook (1904), p. 348, edited by Gustav Sundbärg for the Swedish government.

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