Google chrome is cross platform web browser which supports mostly all platforms like Linux, Windows, MacOS, Android, IOS and even more.
It is fast, secure and reliable. In addition, It has many features and large number of extensions to support various functionalities.
But there is a big disadvantage, It consumes more CPU and memory when compared to other popular browsers.

Install Google chrome on Ubuntu 20.04

There are many ways to install software on Ubuntu. We will see how to install google chrome using below 2 methods.
1) Using repository
2) Manual method

Using repository

We can install google chrome by adding chrome official repository url to the sources list. This method is recommended since it will install software along with dependencies.
Step 1. Add chrome repository by using the below command. This command will create a new file with chrome repository details.
sudo bash -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list'
Step 2. Now add the signing key for the repository.
sudo wget -q -O - https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
Step 3. Update the apt cache so that it will get the package list from the added repository.
sudo apt update
Step 4. Finally, Install google chrome by typing below command.
sudo apt install google-chrome-stable
Step 5. Now you can launch google chrome using application launcher.

Manual method

In Manual method, We can install after manually downloading the software and install using apt.
Step 1. Download google chrome debian package using below command. Software will be downloaded to the current directory.
wget https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
Step 2. Check the downloaded file and give execute permission.
user@krizna:~$ ls -l google-*
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 66985784 May 2 2020 google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
Give execute permission to install the downloaded file.
chmod +x google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
Step 3. Finally, Install the software using below command. This command will install software with dependencies.
sudo apt install ./google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
Step 4. similarly, you can launch google chrome using launcher.

See Also,
How to install MySQL workbench on ubuntu 20.04

Recently zoom becomes more popular during lockdown. Even it made a headlines because of security bug. Apart from that It is reliable, light weight and cross platform application which supports windows, macOS, Linux, Mobile devices and even more. Like other application, Zoom has both free and paid versions. We can use free version for personal use and host up to 100 participants.
Mostly schools and universities use Zoom to take virtual classes to their students.

Install Zoom on ubuntu 20.04

Zoom application is not available in ubuntu repository. so we have to download from zoom official site and install it manually.
Step 1. Download the application from the following link https://zoom.us/download?os=linux
Choose “Linux Type” as Ubuntu and version as “14.04+”.
[OR]
Download the software directly using below command. This will download the software to the currect directory.
wget https://zoom.us/client/latest/zoom_amd64.deb
Step 2. Go to the directory where the software was downloaded. Check and provide execute permission.
user@krizna:~$ ls -l zoom_amd64.deb
-rwxrwxr-x 1 user user 41529568 Apr 30 15:01 zoom_amd64.deb
Provide execute permission to avoid errors.
chmod +x zoom_amd64.deb
Step 3. Finally, Install the software using below command. This command will install the software along with dependencies.
sudo apt install ./zoom_amd64.deb
Step 4. After installation, you can launch Zoom using application launcher.

Additionally, you can test zoom application by joining test call using the following link “https://zoom.us/test”

See also
How to install TeamViewer on ubuntu 20.04
How to install Anydesk on ubuntu 20.04

TeamViewer has many additional features like remote printing and file sharing. Also it has remote rebooting, unattended access, Wake-on-LAN and much more features.
TeamViewer is mostly used for remote assistant to customers and employees.
In addition, It has QuickSupport tool which is lightweight client application. It does not require installation or admin access. Therefore, it provides instant remote access for quick assistant.
Basically TeamViewer has both paid and free version. So we can use free version for personal and non commercial purpose.

Install TeamViewer on Ubuntu 20.04

Step 1. Download teamviewer application for ubuntu from the following link https://www.teamviewer.com/en/download/linux/.
Choose the package for linux and you will find the download link under “Ubuntu, Debian”.
[OR]
Use the below command to download. This command will directly download the software to the current directory.
wget https://download.teamviewer.com/download/linux/teamviewer_amd64.deb
Step 2. Go to the directory where the package is downloaded and give execute permission.
user@krizna:~/Downloads$ ls -l
total 14212
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 14551536 Apr 30 19:16 teamviewer_amd64.deb
Provide execute permission so that package can be installed.
chmod +x teamviewer_amd64.deb
Step 3. Now use below command to install the software.
It may require many dependencies. so therefore, system needs to be connected to the internet.
sudo apt install ./teamviewer_amd64.deb
Step 4. Finally, you can launch by typing teamviewer in application launcher.

We have one more software anydesk which is similar to teamviewer .
Here is the guide How to install Anydesk on ubuntu 20.04
See also
How to install Zoom on ubuntu 20.04
How to install MySQL workbench on ubuntu 20.04

Anydesk has many features like file transfer, TCP tunneling, remote sound, clipboard, remote printing and even more. Therefore, It is mostly used by IT support personal to provide remote assistant.
Anydesk is powerful and stable software which has both paid and free version. So for personal use, we can use this software for free.

Install Anydesk on ubuntu 20.04

There are many ways to install Anydesk on ubuntu 20.04. We will follow one of the below methods.
1) Using repository
2) Manual install

Using repository

Follow the steps as root user to install Anydesk from the repository.
Step 1. Add Anydesk repository key to the Trusted software providers list.
wget -qO - https://keys.anydesk.com/repos/DEB-GPG-KEY | apt-key add -
Step 2. Now add the repository to the sources list.
Below command will put the repository entry in a new file under /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ directory.
* Execute as single command
echo "deb http://deb.anydesk.com/ all main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/anydesk-stable.list
Step 3. Update the apt cache by running below command.
apt update
Step 4. Now install the software. This command will download and install Anydesk from repository along with dependencies.
apt install anydesk
Step 5. Finally, You can launch by typing Anydesk in the application launcher.

Manual install

This method same is similar to previous method. However, we can download the latest software from Anydesk site and install locally.
Step 1. Download the latest Anydesk software from the following link https://anydesk.com/en/downloads/linux using web browser.
[OR]
Use the following command to download latest software.
* Execute as single command
wget $(wget -q -O anydesk https://anydesk.com/en/downloads/linux && grep -Eo "(http|https)://[a-zA-Z0-9./?=_-]*amd64.deb" anydesk | head -1 ) && rm anydesk
Step 2. After that go to the downloaded directory and check the file.
user@krizna:~/Downloads$ ls -l
anydesk_5.5.5-1_amd64.debGive execute permission so that we can install the software.
chmod +x anydesk_5.5.5-1_amd64.deb
Step 3. Now install the downloaded software.
This command will install the downloaded package. In addition, It will install the dependencies needed for the software.
sudo apt install ./anydesk_5.5.5-1_amd64.deb
Step 4. Finally, You can launch the application by typing Anydesk in the application launcher.

See also
» How to setup VNC server on centos 8 / RHEL 8
» How to install TeamViewer on ubuntu 20.04

1) Server version.
2) Desktop version.

Server version

Step 1. By default server version is configured to use dhcp. You could see below settings in /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml file or You may have different filename like 01-netcfg.yaml.
Filename and interface name (ens32) may differ on environments Virtual OS and Host OS .

network:
    ethernets:
        ens32:
            addresses: []
            dhcp4: true
            optional: true
    version: 2

Here ens32 is your network interface name. “dhcp4: true” value shows that dhcp is enabled for ens32 interface.
So if you have dhcp server in your network, you should able to see ipaddress assigned to your server without making any changes.

Assign Static ipaddress on server

Step 2. To assign static ipaddress to the server. Get ready with network details like subnet,gateway and DNS servers.
Edit /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml file with all network details as below.

network:
	renderer: networkd
    ethernets:
        ens32:
            dhcp4: no
            dhcp6: no
            addresses: [192.168.1.10/24]
            gateway4: 192.168.1.1
            nameservers:
                addresses: [192.168.1.1,8.8.8.8]
    version: 2

» Here we have disabled both dhcp4 and dhcp6 with no option.
» addresses: line should contains server ipaddress with subnet CIDR Prefix (More about CIDR)
» gateway4: line should contains default gateway.
» nameservers: should contains ipaddresses of primary and secondary DNS.
Please make sure you have added those lines with correct format.

Step 3. Now apply the changes using below command. It would not show any output if it is success.
krizna@leela:~$ sudo netplan apply
krizna@leela:~$
Now check the status by using below command.

krizna@leela:~$ networkctl status ens32
● 2: ens32
       Link File: /lib/systemd/network/99-default.link
    Network File: /run/systemd/network/10-netplan-ens32.network
            Type: ether
           State: routable (configured)
            Path: pci-0000:02:00.0
          Driver: e1000
          Vendor: Intel Corporation
           Model: 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) (PRO/1000 MT Single Port Adapter)
      HW Address: 00:0c:29:0c:ad:a6 (VMware, Inc.)
         Address: 192.168.1.10
                  fe80::20c:29ff:fe0c:ada6
         Gateway: 192.168.1.1
             DNS: 192.168.1.1
                  8.8.8.8

You could see ip address and other network details assigned to the interface.

Step 4. If something wrong or if you see any error while running above command. Use –debug to see more info.

krizna@leela:~$ sudo netplan apply
Error in network definition //etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml line 12 column 24: expected mapping

krizna@leela:~$ sudo netplan --debug apply
** (generate:23310): DEBUG: 18:36:12.980: Processing input file //etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml..
** (generate:23310): DEBUG: 18:36:12.980: starting new processing pass
Error in network definition //etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml line 12 column 24: expected mappingHere we see some format error on line number 12 which needs to be corrected.

Desktop version

Step 5. Here we are going to see about setup network on ubuntu 18.04 Desktop version. DHCP is enabled by default in desktop version as well.So if you have dhcp server in your network, you should get able to get the ipaddress assigned to your machine without doing any changes.
To view the settings click network icon at right top corner next to the volume icon and click “wired settings” or “wireless settings” .

Step 6. Now in network window, Click settings icon under wired or wireless and you would see ipaddress in the allocated by dhcp server.

Assign Static ipaddress on desktop

Step 7. To assign static ipaddress, Click IPv4 tab in the same window and choose manual option .
» Enter static ipaddress with subnet mask in CIDR prefix and gateway.
» Under DNS, Put Automatic to off and Enter DNS ipadresses separated with commas.

Step 8. Now click “Apply” and save the changes. Now restart network service by turnoff and on again.

Click settings again and verify your ipaddress.

Also See

Setup network on centos 7

Package installation and pre config

Step 1 » Install necessary samba package and dependencies using below command .
[root@krizna ~]# yum install -y samba samba-client samba-commonand enable the smb and nmb service .
[root@krizna ~]# systemctl enable smb.service
[root@krizna ~]# systemctl enable nmb.service
Step 2 » Choose or Create a directory for shares and allow in SELINUX .
[root@krizna ~]# mkdir /shares
[root@krizna ~]# chcon -R -t samba_share_t /sharesand check the selinux policy status using ls -Z.
[root@krizna ~]# ls -Z /
......
drwxr-xr-x. root root unconfined_u:object_r:samba_share_t:s0 shares
Step 3 » Allow samba service in the firewall and reload service.
[root@krizna ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=samba
[root@krizna ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
Step 4 » Make a copy of default conf file for backup.
[root@krizna ~]# cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.bkp
Step 5 » Edit /etc/samba/smb.conf file, Find “security = user” line and add “map to guest” line like below.
security = user
map to guest = Bad User
Step 6 » Home directories and printer shares are enabled by default. You can stop those shares by commenting [homes] and [printers] sections in /etc/samba/smb.conf file like below ( optional ).

#[homes]
#       comment = Home Directories
#       valid users = %S, %D%w%S
#       browseable = No
#       read only = No  
#       inherit acls = Yes
#[printers]
#       comment = All Printers
#       path = /var/tmp
#       printable = Yes
#       create mask = 0600
#       browseable = No
#[print$]
#       comment = Printer Drivers
#       path = /var/lib/samba/drivers
#       write list = root
#       create mask = 0664
#       directory mask = 0775

Setup file server on centos 7

There are different types of samba shares. Here we can see about common types
1. Anonymous Share
2. Secured Shares
3. Home directory

Anonymous Share

Anonymous share allow everyone to access the share without username & password.
Step 1 » Create a directory for anonymous share and change the ownership to nobody to allow anonymous access.
[root@krizna ~]# mkdir /shares/anonymous
[root@krizna ~]# chown -R nobody:nobody /shares/anonymous
Step 2 » Edit /etc/samba/smb.conf file and add these lines at the end of the file .

[Anonymous]
        path = /shares/anonymous
        guest ok = yes
        browsable =yes
        writable = yes

For read-only access use below code

[Anonymous]
        path = /shares/anonymous
        browsable = yes
        read only = Yes 
        guest only = Yes

Step 3 » Restart smb service .
[root@krizna ~]# systemctl restart smb.service
Step 4 » Now try to access this share in windows machine using \\IPaddress in Run prompt[ Eg: \\192.168.25.15 ]. You will see the share directory like below.

Secured shares

Secured shares are accessible only by valid users with username and password .
Here i have explained with below scenario.
Larry has access to share google and Mark has access to share facebook .
John has access to both shares
We can have a samba group if we want to give access for multiple users.So here we have to create samba group for each share and assign users in that group for access.
Step 1 » Create directory and group for the share name google.
[root@krizna ~]# mkdir /shares/google
[root@krizna ~]# groupadd smbgg
Step 2 » Change ownership and permission for the directory.
[root@krizna ~]# chown -R root:smbgg /shares/google
[root@krizna ~]# chmod -R 0770 /shares/google
Step 3 » Create user larry by adding to the group smbgg in a single command .
[root@krizna ~]# useradd larry -s /usr/sbin/nologin -G smbggCreate samba password using the below command .
[root@krizna ~]# smbpasswd -a larry
Step 4 » Now edit /etc/samba/smb.conf file and add the below lines at the end for Share “google”.

[Google]
         comment = Google Share
         path = /shares/google
         valid users = @smbgg
         guest ok = no
         writable = yes
         browsable = yes
         force group = smbgg
         #### Below lines are to allow user to edit files created by another user
         create mask = 0660
         force create mode = 0660
         directory mask = 0770
         force directory mode = 0770

Now after restarting the smb service, You can access Google share using larry credentials.

Step 5 » You can create “facebook” share and user Mark in the same way. But make sure you create different group like “smbfb” for Facebook share and add user mark to that group.
Step 6 » For multiple share access create user by adding both the groups to access both shares.
[root@krizna ~]# useradd john -s /usr/sbin/nologin -G smbgg,smbfb

Home Directory share

You can share users home directory by just enabling home section in smb.conf.
Step 1 » You can add or enable home section in /etc/samba/smb.conf file that should looks like below .

[homes]
        comment = Home Directories
        valid users = %S, %D%w%S
        browseable = No
        read only = No
        inherit acls = Yes

Step 2 » Selinux may prevent write access to home directories. Enable access using below command.
[root@krizna ~]# setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs 1
Step 3 » Now restart service.
[root@krizna ~]# systemctl restart smb.service
Now you could access users home directories.

That’s it . Thanks

Also see :
» Setup File server on ubuntu 14.04 ( Samba )
» Installing and configuring samba on centos 6

Setup FTP server on centos 7

Step 1 » Update your repository and install VSFTPD package .
[root@krizna ~]# yum check-update
[root@krizna ~]# yum -y install vsftpd
Step 2 » After installation you can find /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf file which is the main configuration file for VSFTP.
Take a backup copy before making changes .
[root@krizna ~]# mv /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf.orgNow open the file and make changes as below
[root@krizna ~]# nano /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.confFind this line anonymous_enable=YES ( Line no : 12 ) and change value to NO to disable anonymous FTP access.
anonymous_enable=NO Uncomment the below line ( Line no : 100 ) to restrict users to their home directory.
chroot_local_user=YES and add the below lines at the end of the file to enable passive mode and allow chroot writable.
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
pasv_enable=Yes
pasv_min_port=40000
pasv_max_port=40100
Step 3 » Now restart vsftpd service and make it start automatically after reboot.
[root@krizna ~]# systemctl restart vsftpd.service
[root@krizna ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd.service
Step 4 » Add FTP service in firewall to allow ftp ports .
[root@krizna ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=ftp
[root@krizna ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
Step 5 » Setup SEinux to allow ftp access to the users home directories .
[root@krizna ~]# setsebool -P ftp_home_dir on
Step 6 » Now create an User for ftp access. Here /sbin/nologin shell is used to prevent shell access to the server .
[root@krizna ~]# useradd -m dave -s /sbin/nologin
[root@krizna ~]# passwd daveNow user dave can able to login ftp on port 21 .
You can filezilla or winscp client for accessing files.

SFTP server

SFTP ( Secure File Transfer Protocol ) is used to encrypt connections between clients and the FTP server. It is highly recommended to use SFTP because data is transferred over encrypted connection using SSH-tunnel on port 22 .
Basically we need openssh-server package to enable SFTP .
Install openssh-server package, if its not already installed.
[root@krizna ~]# yum -y install openssh-server
Step 7 » Create a separate group for FTP access.
[root@krizna ~]# groupadd ftpaccess
Step 8 » Now open /etc/ssh/sshd_config file and make changes as below.
Find and comment the below line ( Line no : 147 ).
#Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-serverand add these lines below.
Subsystem sftp internal-sftp
Match group ftpaccess
ChrootDirectory %h
X11Forwarding no
AllowTcpForwarding no
ForceCommand internal-sftp
Step 9 » Now restart sshd service.
[root@krizna ~]# systemctl restart sshdNow your SFTP server is configured and ready .

User creation

Step 10 » Create user jack with /sbin/nologin shell and ftpaccess group
[root@krizna ~]# useradd -m jack -s /sbin/nologin -g ftpaccess
[root@krizna ~]# passwd jackNow assign root ownership for the home directory for chroot access and modify permission.
[root@krizna ~]# chown root /home/jack
[root@krizna ~]# chmod 750 /home/jackCreate a directory www inside home directory for writing and modify ownership .
[root@krizna ~]# mkdir /home/jack/www
[root@krizna ~]# chown jack:ftpaccess /home/jack/www
Now jack can use both ftp and sftp services . He can upload files in www directory .

If you are going to use FTP and SFTP together in the same server, you should follow above steps while creating users . For existing users add them to ftpaccess and make below changes.
[root@krizna ~]# usermod dave -g ftpaccess
[root@krizna ~]# chown root /home/dave
[root@krizna ~]# chmod 750 /home/dave
[root@krizna ~]# mkdir /home/dave/www
[root@krizna ~]# chown dave:ftpaccess /home/dave/www

Also see :
» Setup FTP server on ubuntu 16.04
» Setup FTP server on ubuntu 14.04
» Configure ftp server on centos 6

Have a nice day.

Setup File server on ubuntu 14.04

Step 1 » Install samba packages after updating repositories
krizna@leela:~$ sudo apt-get update
krizna@leela:~$ sudo apt-get install samba samba-common python-glade2

Creating Anonymous share

Everyone can access and store files without username and password .
Step 2 » Create folder for Anonymous share.
krizna@leela:~$ sudo mkdir -p /shares/anonymous
Step 3 » Change the ownership to nobody so that everyone can access and store files in that folder.
krizna@leela:~$ sudo chown nobody:nogroup /shares/anonymous/
Step 4 » Now define values in samba configuration to share /shares/anonymous/ folder. /etc/samba/smb.conf is the main configurion file for samba .
Take a backup before editing that file .
krizna@leela:~$ sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.orgnow add the below code at the end of the file to enable share.
krizna@leela:~$ sudo vim /etc/samba/smb.conf

[Anonymous]
       comment = Anonymous share access
       path = /shares/anonymous
       browsable = yes
       writable = yes
       guest ok = yes
       read only = no
       force user = nobody
       force group = nogroup

Step 5 » Now restart smbd service .
krizna@leela:~$ sudo service smbd restart
After restarting service . Try to access share from windows client (Goto -> RUN -> \serverIP ) . you could access anonymous share folder without username and password, try to create or copy files to that folder.

Creating secured share

Secured shares can be accessed using username and password .Here for example, I’m going to create share project1.
Step 6 » Create a folder for share .
krizna@leela:~$ sudo mkdir -p /shares/project1
Step 7 » Create a new group smbproj1,so that Users added to this group can access project1 share.
krizna@leela:~$ sudo addgroup smbproj1
Step 8 » Modify ownership and permission for the folder.
krizna@leela:~$ sudo chown root:smbproj1 /shares/project1/
krizna@leela:~$ sudo chmod 770 /shares/project1/
Step 9 » Now define values in the configuration file .
krizna@leela:~$ sudo vim /etc/samba/smb.conf

[Project1]
         comment = Project1 Share
         path = /shares/project1
         valid users = @smbproj1
         guest ok = no
         writable = yes
         browsable = yes

Step 10 » Now restart smbd service .
krizna@leela:~$ sudo service smbd restartAfter restarting service, you could see Project1 share . Additional secured shares can be created in the same way.

User creation

Add new user john for accessing project1 share
Step 11 » Create a user john .
krizna@leela:~$ sudo useradd john -s /usr/sbin/nologin -G smbproj1 -s /usr/sbin/nologin : Restricting shell access
-G smbproj1 : Added to smbproj1 group
Step 12 » Create samba password for user john
krizna@leela:~$ sudo smbpasswd -a john
Now user john can access Project1 share. Additional users can be added in the same way.
For existing users use usermod command to add user in smbproj1 group and create samba password using smbpasswd.
krizna@leela:~$ sudo usermod mike -G smbproj1
For accessing multiple shares. Example: dave has access to multiple project groups like smbproj1 and smbproj2.
krizna@leela:~$ sudo usermod dave -G smbproj1,smbproj2
For troubleshooting, Use testparm command
For more info Samba file server guide
That’s it. Have a nice day.
Also see:
Setup file server on centos 7 – Step by step