Kushana's Bible Question Page

60Kushana's Bible Question Pagehttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.comMon, 06 Jul 2009 05:17:56 GMTMon, 06 Jul 2009 05:17:56 GMTenT_Kushana@lycos.comno34.098859-118.327459A Little Birdie Told Mehttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/06/26/a-little-birdie-told-me.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>Look at the <A href="http://twitter.com/T_Kushana" target=_blank>Twitter</A> pane (somewhere along the left) for updates.  My computer access is intermittent.<BR><BR>-Kushana</FONT><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=LRcs-3QTMdw:gJ7O5r4U7A4:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=LRcs-3QTMdw:gJ7O5r4U7A4:bcOpcFrp8Mo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=bcOpcFrp8Mo" border="0"></img></a> <a 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href='http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/06/12/someone-running-on-my-grave'> Listen to this article </a></p> <FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=4>Mass grave found at British Olympic site:<BR><BR><EM>"It is rare to find a burial site like this one," Score said. "There are lots of different types of burial where skeletons may be aligned along a compass axis or in a crouched position, but to find something like this is just incredible."</EM><BR><A href="http://tinyurl.com/njw4em" target=_blank>http://tinyurl.com/njw4em</A><BR><BR>I have no idea what this is:  it looks interesting.<BR><BR>-Kushana</FONT></FONT> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~s/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/06/12/someone-running-on-my-grave" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=9i4Xv6YsfU4:lIR1KmgpdZI:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=9i4Xv6YsfU4:lIR1KmgpdZI:bcOpcFrp8Mo"><img 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=9i4Xv6YsfU4:lIR1KmgpdZI:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=9i4Xv6YsfU4:lIR1KmgpdZI:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=9i4Xv6YsfU4:lIR1KmgpdZI:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>Roman HistoryAncient WarfareArchaeologyRisgeway HillEnglandhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/06/12/someone-running-on-my-grave.aspx#Comments35ef0651-68a4-4716-9da5-dc3b69194e43Sat, 13 Jun 2009 00:39:00 GMTThe Bible: To Hot for Television?http://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/05/26/the-bible-to-hot-for-television.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<IMG style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none" alt="Listen to this article" src="http://images.talkr.com/images/speaker_20.gif" border=0> <A href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/05/26/the-bible-to-hot-for-television">Listen to this article </A> <P> </P><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>My Hebrew tutor once told me that every great story has already been told in the Bible.  Case in point:<BR><BR></FONT> <P class=inside-copy><EM><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>So a new <A href="http://www.nbc.com/" target=_blank>NBC</A> drama, <A href="http://www.nbc.com/Kings/" target=_blank>Kings</A>, posed some unique challenges as executives tried to model the storyline on David's life without raising the eyebrows of network censors.<BR><BR>"Strangely enough, they've not yet asked us to censor the Bible," creator <A href="http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0338169/" target=_blank>Michael Green</A> recently told reporters. "The stuff we've done that's most challenging is also straight out of the text. They've tried, and then I show them what chapter and verse it's from and they were like, 'Oh. I guess that's OK.'"<BR></FONT><A href="http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2009-03-05-kings-Bible_N.htm"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2009-03-05-kings-Bible_N.htm</FONT></A></EM></P><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>This was a good show but I have not been able to find the final episodes.  It was more a story about providence and the difficulty of knowing the right thing (in the sense of suitable, politically wise, and ethical) to do than a dramatized Bible story or a televised sermon.  Perhaps some Christian viewers wondered where the sheep and robes were while others forgot how good the story was and turned up their noses at anything 'Biblical'.<BR><BR>(Another good modern retelling of a different episode in the story:  <A href="http://www.sting.com/discog/?v=so&a=1&id=184">http://www.sting.com/discog/?v=so&a=1&id=184</A>)<BR><BR>-Kushana<BR<SCRIPT 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src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=8DXngY7YBJ4:j_ywVgAn7E4:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=8DXngY7YBJ4:j_ywVgAn7E4:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=8DXngY7YBJ4:j_ywVgAn7E4:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=8DXngY7YBJ4:j_ywVgAn7E4:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=8DXngY7YBJ4:j_ywVgAn7E4:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=8DXngY7YBJ4:j_ywVgAn7E4:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=8DXngY7YBJ4:j_ywVgAn7E4:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>Kings; Retellings; Biblehttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/05/26/the-bible-to-hot-for-television.aspx#Comments80689fe7-fb1a-4eb3-a79e-a1e4fb235a50Wed, 27 May 2009 00:33:00 GMTShould You Buy That Oil Lamp Souvenier?http://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/05/18/should-you-buy-that-oil-lamp-souvenier.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Some good thoughts by a noted archaeologist:<br><a target="_blank" href="http://www.bookreviews.org/bookdetail.asp?TitleId=6855">http://www.bookreviews.org/bookdetail.asp?TitleId=6855</a><br>(click on the PDF to read.)<br><br>-Kushana</font><br><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:bcOpcFrp8Mo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=bcOpcFrp8Mo" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:UT3xtbGYFzA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=UT3xtbGYFzA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:W9dqtTZ0I2U"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=W9dqtTZ0I2U" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:8QFB7NnbhRw"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=8QFB7NnbhRw" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:V_sGLiPBpWU"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:F7zBnMyn0Lo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:F7zBnMyn0Lo" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:qj6IDK7rITs"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:wF9xT3WuBAs"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:wF9xT3WuBAs" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:l6gmwiTKsz0"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=l6gmwiTKsz0" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:cGdyc7Q-1BI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=cGdyc7Q-1BI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:gIN9vFwOqvQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:gIN9vFwOqvQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:dnMXMwOfBR0"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:I9og5sOYxJI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=I9og5sOYxJI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:K6F3SCn7Sig"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=K6F3SCn7Sig" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=-sBkPxTrK2c:G9TGe0brqdg:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>Archaeologyhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/05/18/should-you-buy-that-oil-lamp-souvenier.aspx#Commentsdd50b630-39ed-4527-b3f5-759f541c23bbMon, 18 May 2009 22:08:00 GMTStudents Insult Latinhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/05/18/students-insult-latin.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<img style="border:none;" src='http://images.talkr.com/images/speaker_20.gif' alt='Listen to this article' border='0' /> <a href='http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/05/18/students-insult-latin'> Listen to this article </a></p> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The students of Newnham College (University of Cambridge) have written a new grace that Classicist Mary Beard disapproves of:<br><a target="_blank" href="http://timesonline.typepad.com/dons_life/2009/05/does-college-need-a-new-grace.html"><br>http://timesonline.typepad.com/dons_life/2009/05/does-college-need-a-new-grace.html</a><br><br>My response:<br>1) Any current students can write in Latin?  Saints be praised!<br>2) Citizens of the Roman Empire used Latin to say everything, be it vapid, vague, scandalous, or heretical.  We have so long used Latin as the language of education and the Church that we forget it was the language of racetrack betters, political campaigns, prostitutes, and slaves.<br><br>I recommend Dr. Beard reread the <a target="_blank" href="http://people.southwestern.edu/%7Ecarlg/Latin_Web/satyriconnotes.html">Satyricon</a></font> .<br><br><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">From the Land where Latin is No Longer Taught --<br><br>-Kushana</font><br> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~s/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/05/18/students-insult-latin" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oNWMyF5Edpk:PGUp55r37xQ:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oNWMyF5Edpk:PGUp55r37xQ:bcOpcFrp8Mo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=bcOpcFrp8Mo" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oNWMyF5Edpk:PGUp55r37xQ:UT3xtbGYFzA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=UT3xtbGYFzA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oNWMyF5Edpk:PGUp55r37xQ:W9dqtTZ0I2U"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=W9dqtTZ0I2U" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oNWMyF5Edpk:PGUp55r37xQ:8QFB7NnbhRw"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=8QFB7NnbhRw" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oNWMyF5Edpk:PGUp55r37xQ:V_sGLiPBpWU"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=oNWMyF5Edpk:PGUp55r37xQ:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"></img></a> <a 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oNWMyF5Edpk:PGUp55r37xQ:cGdyc7Q-1BI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=cGdyc7Q-1BI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oNWMyF5Edpk:PGUp55r37xQ:gIN9vFwOqvQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=oNWMyF5Edpk:PGUp55r37xQ:gIN9vFwOqvQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oNWMyF5Edpk:PGUp55r37xQ:dnMXMwOfBR0"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oNWMyF5Edpk:PGUp55r37xQ:I9og5sOYxJI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=I9og5sOYxJI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oNWMyF5Edpk:PGUp55r37xQ:K6F3SCn7Sig"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=K6F3SCn7Sig" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oNWMyF5Edpk:PGUp55r37xQ:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=oNWMyF5Edpk:PGUp55r37xQ:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oNWMyF5Edpk:PGUp55r37xQ:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=oNWMyF5Edpk:PGUp55r37xQ:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oNWMyF5Edpk:PGUp55r37xQ:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oNWMyF5Edpk:PGUp55r37xQ:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oNWMyF5Edpk:PGUp55r37xQ:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=oNWMyF5Edpk:PGUp55r37xQ:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>University of CambridgeMary BeardNewnham CollegeLatinLanguagesClassicsGracehttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/05/18/students-insult-latin.aspx#Comments95ffea56-9b60-4276-baf5-90b5bc5b220cMon, 18 May 2009 21:37:00 GMTArt Nouveau Nefertitihttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/05/05/art-nouveau-nefertiti-2.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<img style="border: medium none ;" src="http://images.talkr.com/images/speaker_20.gif" alt="Listen to this article" border="0"> <a href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/05/05/art-nouveau-nefertiti-2"> Listen to this article </a><p></p> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><em>"The bust has no left eye and was never crafted to have one. This is an insult for an ancient Egyptian who believed the statue was the person themself."</em></font> <p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><em>He also said the shoulders were cut vertically in the style practised since the 19th century while "Egyptians cut shoulders horizontally" and that the features were accentuated in a manner recalling that of Art Nouveau.</em></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.archaeologynews.org/story.asp?ID=434238&Title=Famed%20Nefertiti%20bust%20a%20fake:%20expert">http://www.archaeologynews.org/story.asp?ID=434238&Title=Famed Nefertiti bust a fake: expert</a></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">-Kushana</font></p><p></p><p></p><p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.archaeologynews.org/story.asp?ID=434238&Title=Famed%20Nefertiti%20bust%20a%20fake:%20expert"><br></a></p> <script 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src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=dmsJYUlcNFM:7nKYG73LjRM:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>NefertitiEgyptEgyptologyArt Historyhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/05/05/art-nouveau-nefertiti-2.aspx#Comments59d9fc81-e979-4d8b-9cda-8a438436cb35Tue, 05 May 2009 22:29:00 GMTThe Oldest Monotheists?http://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/05/01/the-oldest-monotheists.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<IMG style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none" alt="Listen to this article" src="http://images.talkr.com/images/speaker_20.gif" border=0> <A href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/05/01/the-oldest-monotheists">Listen to this article </A> <P></P><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>My helper tells my another visitor came to this weblog with another terrific question:  what is the oldest form of monotheism?<BR><BR></FONT><A href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/444672/Parsi" target=_blank><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>Zoroastrianism</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>.  (At least as old as </FONT><A href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/266312/Hinduism" target=_blank><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>Hinduism</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4> but without the </FONT><A href="http://www.hinduwebsite.com/sacredscripts/hinduism/rigveda/rigveda1_1.asp" target=_blank><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>Veda</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>'s </FONT><A href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/469156/polytheism" target=_blank><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>polytheism</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>.)<BR><BR><BR>Often unfairly described as dualists, </FONT><A href="http://www.zoroastrian.org/articles/religion.htm" target=_blank><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>Zoroastrians</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4> (Parsis) have one God who is wholly good.  The evil principle is not worshiped, indeed the whole point of Zoroastrianism is "good thoughts, good words, good deeds", the living of a life loyal to the one, utterly good, God.<BR><BR>A nice </FONT><A href="http://www.latimes.com/" target=_blank><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>Los Angeles Times</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4> write-up of this living religion:<BR></FONT><A href="http://articles.latimes.com/1998/jul/12/news/ls-2869"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>http://articles.latimes.com/1998/jul/12/news/ls-2869</FONT></A><BR><BR><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>The more scholarly approach for those who cannot find an actual Parsi to talk to:<BR></FONT><A href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0415239035"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices</FONT></A><BR><BR><A href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0226069302"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>Textual Sources for the Study of Zoroastrianism</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>  (Far less dull than it looks.)<BR><BR><BR>For lighter reading:<BR></FONT><A href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-1400031429"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>In Search of Zarathustra: Across Iran and Central Asia to Find the World's First Prophet</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=4> <BR><BR><BR><FONT size=2>(I try to stay away from recommending religions, but the Zoroastrians I have met have been the kindest, most polite, most ethically fully formed people I have ever encountered.  I was raised in a formal culture that prided itself on its manners, especially for young women:  I feel like a crude oaf in the company of Parsis.)</FONT><BR> <BR>-Kushana</FONT> <SCRIPT 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=paDQDZmT1ZE:nK5F-rFlNzA:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=paDQDZmT1ZE:nK5F-rFlNzA:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=paDQDZmT1ZE:nK5F-rFlNzA:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=paDQDZmT1ZE:nK5F-rFlNzA:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=paDQDZmT1ZE:nK5F-rFlNzA:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=paDQDZmT1ZE:nK5F-rFlNzA:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=paDQDZmT1ZE:nK5F-rFlNzA:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=paDQDZmT1ZE:nK5F-rFlNzA:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>DualismAvestaZoroastrianismParsisZoroasterMonotheismZarathustraGathashttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/05/01/the-oldest-monotheists.aspx#Comments208eee2c-a205-4d6b-ac31-a26bfc19551dSat, 02 May 2009 00:14:00 GMTWas There A Skeleton Found With The Nag Hammadi Library?http://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/05/01/was-there-a-skeleton-found-with-the-nag-hammadi-library.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<IMG style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none" alt="Listen to this article" src="http://images.talkr.com/images/speaker_20.gif" border=0> <A href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/05/01/was-there-a-skeleton-found-with-the-nag-hammadi-library">Listen to this article </A> <P> <FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>(You are more than welcome to <A href="mailto:T_Kushana@lycos.com">email me questions</A> using the contact button on the sidebar:  I do not bite.)<BR><BR>My helper tells me someone came to this weblog with a splendid question:  was a skeleton found with the Nag Hammadi Library?<BR><BR>(This evidently appears in Ehrman's book on the Gospel of Judas:  I wonder what, if anything, Dr. Ehrman footnotes.)<BR><BR>Short answer:  No.<BR><BR>Long answer:  It depends on how you treat oral history.<BR><BR>Muhammad Ali, the discoverer of the Nag Hammadi Library told James Robinson, the American scholar who interviewed him, that he found a mummy next to the jar which contained the 13 ancient books.  Later attempts by Robinson and others to examine the exact spot found no trace of a mummy, or any burial of any kind.  Robinson's published accounts tend not to mention the mummy, it is in his interview notes.  Elaine Pagels read those notes (which is why she refers to the mummy in interviews.)<BR><BR>A body would be a tremendous help in sorting out who copied, read, and hid these books -- and when.  (Unless, of course, the body was from a different century.)  However, there has never been any evidence a body ever lay near the spot and Robinson treats the detail as a fantastical elaboration, Pagels does not.<BR><BR>The best short introduction to the (mostly) Gnostic library found near Nag Hammadi, Egypt is a thin square paperback called:<BR></FONT><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4><A href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?asin=B000UF3MNC">Nag Hammadi Codices: A General Introduction to the Nature and Significance of the Coptic Gnostic Library from Nag Hammadi</A> <BR><BR>Or, failing that, the introduction to:<BR><A href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0060523787">The Nag Hammadi Library in English</A> <FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4><BR><BR>If you're wondering what all the fuss is about, this is a readable (and recent) explanation:<BR></FONT><A href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0060858322">The Gnostic Discoveries: The Impact of the Nag Hammadi Library</A> <BR><BR>-Kushana</FONT><BR> <SCRIPT src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~s/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/05/01/was-there-a-skeleton-found-with-the-nag-hammadi-library" type=text/javascript charset=utf-8></SCRIPT> </P><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=HRjaiMu7y0g:P95QPUo2skI:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a 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border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=HRjaiMu7y0g:P95QPUo2skI:K6F3SCn7Sig"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=K6F3SCn7Sig" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=HRjaiMu7y0g:P95QPUo2skI:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=HRjaiMu7y0g:P95QPUo2skI:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=HRjaiMu7y0g:P95QPUo2skI:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=HRjaiMu7y0g:P95QPUo2skI:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=HRjaiMu7y0g:P95QPUo2skI:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=HRjaiMu7y0g:P95QPUo2skI:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=HRjaiMu7y0g:P95QPUo2skI:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=HRjaiMu7y0g:P95QPUo2skI:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>GnosticismNag Hammadi LibraryOral HistoryArchaeologyhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/05/01/was-there-a-skeleton-found-with-the-nag-hammadi-library.aspx#Commentsb5633953-8d48-43c6-8e1e-0fc67bd2eebeFri, 01 May 2009 23:08:00 GMTWaiting For Summerhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/04/28/waiting-for-summer.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<font face="Times New Roman" size="4">It is the end-of-semester-crush:  things will be a bit slow for the time being.<br><br>-Kushana<br></font><br><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=w2ky2WcxsfE:wAxVur-fZ3E:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=w2ky2WcxsfE:wAxVur-fZ3E:bcOpcFrp8Mo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=bcOpcFrp8Mo" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=w2ky2WcxsfE:wAxVur-fZ3E:UT3xtbGYFzA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=UT3xtbGYFzA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=w2ky2WcxsfE:wAxVur-fZ3E:W9dqtTZ0I2U"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=W9dqtTZ0I2U" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=w2ky2WcxsfE:wAxVur-fZ3E:8QFB7NnbhRw"><img 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src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=w2ky2WcxsfE:wAxVur-fZ3E:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=w2ky2WcxsfE:wAxVur-fZ3E:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=w2ky2WcxsfE:wAxVur-fZ3E:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=w2ky2WcxsfE:wAxVur-fZ3E:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=w2ky2WcxsfE:wAxVur-fZ3E:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>http://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/04/28/waiting-for-summer.aspx#Comments916f811a-b41f-41c1-a0cc-454d3ae829c5Tue, 28 Apr 2009 22:59:00 GMTRepost: Education Must Be Free?http://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/04/22/repost.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="3">I suspect this is advertisement for his textbook service, however, I will post it:<br><br><a target="_blank" href="http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,705298649,00.html">http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,705298649,00.html</a><br><br>I can think of several problems with his ideas (which are not all bad), the first of which is feedback.<br>Teaching is a kind of performance, it is interactive.  I cannot pass recordings into a slot in a black box and get exam papers handed back.  Teaching is like live theater - or live music, once recorded there is something a little pickled, a little dead about it.<br><br>Also, I do not wish to compete with the latest song or the scores of distractions available on a computer:  I cannot.  I am not trying to entertain.  There are always new ideas for taking the drudgery and suffering out of education:  there is no way around it.  Extended concentration and the effort of learning new things will always be difficult and (sometimes) dull.  There are always new ideas for geting around the fact that education is 'being talked at', by either a book or a person.  A teacher is (or should be) an expert (or at least a very quick hand with research) -- a teacher must always know more than her students.  This is not egalitarian and it does not privilege the ignorance of non-experts:  I am sorry, that is how it works.  If you want to learn about anything you must first go to someone who knows about it.<br><br>What these new models also seem cloudy on (like the "<a target="_blank" href="http://www.diggers.org/free_store1.htm">Free Stores</a>" of the 60's) is how teachers make a living.  Take this blog, for example.  According to my helper it has a readership that can be counted on one hand.  (I am not disappointed:  even one reader was a greater success than I had hoped for.)  I have (gladly) paid fees to set up and maintain this site (including keeping my helper in pizza).  If this were a business, rather than a hobby, the fees and the man-hours we have put into it would be highly unwise:  we have not made a cent.  (Which was what my helper cautioned when I asked about all the flashing things and unsolicited emails ...)  I am not holding out a hat:  I enjoy this for its own sake or I would stop paying the fee.  That said, the public has not beaten a path to this font of free knowledge.  (Of course, this is an experiment -- a long, but necessary, exercise in doing things the wrong way.)<br><br>Perhaps paying, and inconveniencing themselves by <a target="_blank" href="http://mars.wnec.edu/%7Egrempel/courses/wc1/lectures/25meduni.html">traveling to learn</a>, makes education more valuable.<br><br>(While I am musing about this  weblog, I see I need to write about the Bible more:  another project for this summer.)<br><br>-Kushana, who could say a thing or two about writing a dissertation on a typewriter ...<br>(two sheets of paper, a heavy pencil or marker and a ruler)<br>... that makes four things. </font><br></font> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/%7Es/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/04/22/repost" charset="utf-8"></script><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=FanvnGx6xgg:tGfRqpHMEDw:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=FanvnGx6xgg:tGfRqpHMEDw:bcOpcFrp8Mo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=bcOpcFrp8Mo" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=FanvnGx6xgg:tGfRqpHMEDw:UT3xtbGYFzA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=UT3xtbGYFzA" border="0"></img></a> <a 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=FanvnGx6xgg:tGfRqpHMEDw:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=FanvnGx6xgg:tGfRqpHMEDw:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=FanvnGx6xgg:tGfRqpHMEDw:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=FanvnGx6xgg:tGfRqpHMEDw:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=FanvnGx6xgg:tGfRqpHMEDw:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=FanvnGx6xgg:tGfRqpHMEDw:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=FanvnGx6xgg:tGfRqpHMEDw:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=FanvnGx6xgg:tGfRqpHMEDw:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>Open SourceAround CampusEducationDistance Learninghttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/04/22/repost.aspx#Comments93f6d66f-97ff-41f6-80ca-ce1dc72c1e98Wed, 22 Apr 2009 20:43:00 GMTReading and Theoryhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/04/20/reading-and-theory.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<img style="border: medium none ;" src="http://images.talkr.com/images/speaker_20.gif" alt="Listen to this article" border="0"> <a href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/04/20/reading-and-theory"> Listen to this article </a><p></p> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> <font size="3">I have had a longstanding dislike of theory, so I recommend the following essay on teaching literature (and literary theory):<br><br><i>... [W]e need to befriend the texts that we choose to teach. They too are the testaments of human beings who have lived and suffered in the world. They too deserve honor and respect.</i></font></font><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><br>"Against Readings" by Mark Edmundson<br><a target="_blank" href="http://chronicle.com/weekly/v55/i33/33b00601.htm">http://chronicle.com/weekly/v55/i33/33b00601.htm</a><br><br>I warmly believe that if a professor was terrible, a textbook was backwards, and the class' perspective belonged to the age of the pterodactyls that, even so, the opportunity to read carefully and broadly under informed guidance is always an education.  I have thanked certain teachers for decades for the opportunity to 'meet' certain books and to talk with them over decades.<br><br>(I read plenty of things on my own but I doubt I would have come across these unless I was locked in a room with nothing else to read:  with all the books in the world it would have taken me a long time to get to them.)<br><br>-Kushana</font><font size="3"><br></font><br> <script 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src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=eFAxJAVsUkc:kQIkhmTCpvg:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=eFAxJAVsUkc:kQIkhmTCpvg:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=eFAxJAVsUkc:kQIkhmTCpvg:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=eFAxJAVsUkc:kQIkhmTCpvg:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=eFAxJAVsUkc:kQIkhmTCpvg:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=eFAxJAVsUkc:kQIkhmTCpvg:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=eFAxJAVsUkc:kQIkhmTCpvg:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>Around CampusEducationMark EdmundsonBooksReadinghttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/04/20/reading-and-theory.aspx#Comments4bf19b82-5a26-43c8-8433-c25268e19da8Mon, 20 Apr 2009 21:35:00 GMTFountain Pen Fridayhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/04/10/fountain-pen-friday.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<img style="border: medium none ;" src="http://images.talkr.com/images/speaker_20.gif" alt="Listen to this article" border="0"> <a href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/04/10/fountain-pen-friday"> Listen to this article </a><p></p> <p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Just in time for <a target="_blank" href="http://www.nibs.com/newsletter/newsletter1.3/InPraiseofSimplePens.htm">Fountain Pen</a> Friday, my helper tells me that someone came to this weblog looking for 'fountain pens for archaeologists'.<br><br>Easy, I recommend an "<a target="_blank" href="http://www.officemuseum.com/Pens.htm">eyedropper fountain pen</a>" (<a target="_blank" href="http://www.fountainpennetwork.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=100541">any pen</a> with no <a target="_blank" href="http://www.richardspens.com/?page=ref_info/glossary/E.htm">mechanism</a> and a hollow body):<br><br></font></p> <ul> <li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It has no levers or pistons that can become gritty or clogged</font></li> <li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It holds a larger amount of ink than (most) pens which hold ink in a little rubber reservoir</font></li> <li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">There are <a target="_blank" href="http://www.processdox.com/pens/salzed.jpg">antique models</a> and </font><a href="http://blog.shopwritersbloc.com/fountain_pens/pen_modification_convert_into_1.html" target="_blank"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">modern ones</font></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">, <a target="_blank" href="http://home.comcast.net/%7Eazavalia/REMEX2.jpg">cheap ones</a> and <a target="_blank" href="http://www.arielkullock.com/view.php?imageID=701">expensive collector's items</a></font></li> <li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">When capped, they withstand being dropped relatively well (especially if you drop them on sand and do not step on them - no pen will take graciously to that treatment)</font></li> <li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The ink is not under any mechanical pressure:  so long as it has breathing room (and the pen is kept point up) it will not leak on airplanes (even if your archaeologist drives to work at the start and end of the dig season, they likely do some flying for visiting conferences and colleagues)</font></font></li></ul><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>How do you find one of these pens?  Look at <a target="_blank" href="http://www.richardspens.com/?page=othertxt.htm">specialty pen stores</a> (or check <a target="_blank" href="http://members.bellatlantic.net/%7Ek1aj/penlinks.htm">here</a>), estate sales, flea markets, antique stores, and <a href="http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&hl=en&q=" eyedropper+fountain+pen="" &sa="N&start=20&ndsp=20"" target="_blank">online</a>.  Many<a target="_blank" href="http://www.paulwirt.com/images/Gallery/instruct.jpg"> early 20th century fountain pens</a> were eyedroppers, the <a target="_blank" href="http://www.richardspens.com/?page=ref_info/glossary/E.htm">tiny delicate mechanisms</a> for filling pens were later 20th century innovations.  Look for a pen with a cap (unless your archaeologist plans to use the pen only indoors -- stuffing a capless fountain pen into a pocket or bag is asking for an expensive trip to a <a target="_blank" href="http://www.richardspens.com/?page=repair.htm">pen doctor</a> for <a target="_blank" href="http://www.nibs.com/beforeandafter.htm">nib repair</a>, or worse ... and laundry bills.)  Turn the pen around completely, looking at the body, and try to (gently) <a target="_blank" href="http://www.rickconner.net/penspotters/images/sheaffer.vacfil.little.jpg">pull or unscrew the end</a> opposite the point.  If there is no kind of mechanism (usually a lever on the body, although sometimes the top of a pen is the place where you <a target="_blank" href="http://i11.photobucket.com/albums/a152/gmberg/Prototype/IMG_3082.jpg">pull out a piston</a> hidden in the pen's body), then you have an <a target="_blank" href="http://home.comcast.net/%7Eazavalia/REMEX9.jpg">eyedropper fountain pen</a>.  Examine the point carefully for any gap between the two tines or any sign that they are <a target="_blank" href="http://www.nibs.com/beforeandafter.htm">bent or broken off</a> -- if so, put the pen back unless you are dedicated to sending it to a pen doctor.  (When buying an old pen online check for large clear photos of the business end:  blurry pictures and capped pens may hide damage.)<br><br>Now, buy an eyedropper from a drugstore and a bottle of <a target="_blank" href="http://www.pendemonium.com/ink.htm">fountain pen ink</a> (be certain it is not <a target="_blank" href="http://www.theartistsdepot.com/images/Site_Ready/inksNstamps/H3338-D.jpg">India ink</a>:  <a target="_blank" href="http://www.nibs.com/PenMaintenance.htm">it will do the pen no favors</a>) at your favorite <a target="_blank" href="http://a392.g.akamaitech.net/7/392/33/cf95121c66ea80/images.citysearch.com/profile/cb/e4/101530p1.jpg">stationary store</a>, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.parkerpen.com/en/seduction/reseller">office supply store</a>, or <a target="_blank" href="http://www.noodlersink.com/dealers.html">online</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.privatereserveink.com/dealer_locator.html">company</a>.<br><br>What do you do with it once you get it home?  Soak the nib -- and only the nib and the plastic collar holding it -- in cool water to get rid of any old ink from an antique pen or handled store model (use hot water if the front inch of the pen will not separate from the body or if the filled pen refuses to give a smooth line of ink.)  Pull off the nib-end of the pen (it should be held in place only by friction:  soak that end of the pen pen for a long time in hot water if hardened ancient ink or an ill-advising gluing has taken place.  <u>Be careful not to snap the pen in half, especially if it is an antique</u>.)<br><br><a target="_blank" href="http://allwritenow.net/ed_fill.html">Use the eyedropper</a> to drip ink into the body of the pen:  wait a moment and check for leaks.  (Do not fill the body of the pen all the way up to the top or it will make a small cascade of ink as you push the nib and its collar back in.  You can use the eyedropper remove ink if you have been too enthusiastic.)  Put a bit of <a target="_blank" href="http://www.pendemonium.com/penrepair.htm#silicone">silicone grease</a> around the part of the collar that goes inside the body of the pen, it will keep the pen from leaking at that seam and make refilling the pen easier (do not use substitutes, they may glue the pen shut, contaminate the ink, or react with the pen's parts.)<br><br>Hold the pen as normal and <a target="_blank" href="http://www.richardspens.com/?page=ref_info/sweetspot.htm">try writing with it</a> (it may need a dip in water to get the ink going.)  If it writes in a solid and pleasant way, you  have a gift.* <br><br>Bestow the gift on your archaeologist (including the eyedropper, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.thewritingdesk.co.uk/ink_cat/ink_cat.php?brand=all&colour=all">bottle of ink</a>, and (if you have it) <a target="_blank" href="http://www.pendemonium.com/penrepair.htm#silicone">silicone grease</a>.)<br><br>Result:  happy archaeologist.  (If they fuss that they will get ink on their work, assure them you have checked the pen for leaks and that the 20th century founders of their field invariably used <a target="_blank" href="http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/Exhibits/anthro/pics/large/heizer_notebook2.jpg">fountain pens</a> for all their fieldwork.)  <font size="3"><i>(If they are really unhappy -- or insist on pencils -- anyone at the <a target="_blank" href="http://www.fountainpennetwork.com/forum/">Fountain Pen Network</a> will gladly take the gift off their hands.)</i></font><br><br>* If it does not write nicely you either need to research <a target="_blank" href="http://www.fountainpennetwork.com/forum/index.php?showforum=21">common fountain pen problems</a>, return it (if it is a new pen), or send it to a <a target="_blank" href="http://www.vintagepens.com/pen_repair.shtml">fountain pen repair shop</a>.<br><br>-Kushana</font></p> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/%7Es/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/04/10/fountain-pen-friday" 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PensArchaeologyhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/04/10/fountain-pen-friday.aspx#Comments7c83cbb0-4fb7-4a8a-b80c-373f47e41c43Fri, 10 Apr 2009 07:41:00 GMTNow With Facebookhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/04/06/now-with-facebook.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I am now on <a target="_blank" href="http://www.facebook.com/people/Kushana-Torumekia/572731095">Facebook</a> (and have been on <a target="_blank" href="http://www.myspace.com/T_Kushana">MySpace</a>.)  As best I can determine, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.facebook.com/">Facebook</a> and <a target="_blank" href="http://www.myspace.com/">MySpace</a> are simply smaller versions of the internet:  if you are looking for your old friend Jane Smith they narrow the search by including her age, likeness, schools, native town, <i>etc</i>.  (My friends, part of the older set, tend not to be on either site, they really are the phenomenon of a particular generation:  I do not know if either will exist in 50 years.  I am not throwing out my address book, the one with <a target="_blank" href="http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/welcome.jsp">ZIP codes</a>.)<br><br>A colleague asked me why I was on <a target="_blank" href="http://www.facebook.com/people/Kushana-Torumekia/572731095">Facebook</a> and <a target="_blank" href="http://www.myspace.com/T_Kushana">MySpace</a> (and now <a target="_blank" href="http://twitter.com/T_Kushana">Twitter</a>), it is not quite for these reasons:<br><br><a target="_blank" href="http://www.archaeologynews.org/story.asp?ID=419128&Title=Time%20Travel">http://www.archaeologynews.org/story.asp?ID=419128&Title=Time Travel</a><br><br>I am not sure why; I hope to talk to people about my field but the internet is a large place and the proliferation of social networking sites is dizzying.</font>  <font size="4" face="Times New Roman">(My helper does not seem to mind, they are happy to set up accounts for me and take calls when I press buttons by accident.)</font> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> I would once have put interesting articles up here, now I put them on half a dozen article sharing sites.  (I do put them here if I have something to say about them.)<br><br>This is such a strange new world.<br><br>-Kushana<br><br></font><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:bcOpcFrp8Mo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=bcOpcFrp8Mo" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:UT3xtbGYFzA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=UT3xtbGYFzA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:W9dqtTZ0I2U"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=W9dqtTZ0I2U" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:8QFB7NnbhRw"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=8QFB7NnbhRw" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:V_sGLiPBpWU"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:F7zBnMyn0Lo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:F7zBnMyn0Lo" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:qj6IDK7rITs"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:wF9xT3WuBAs"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:wF9xT3WuBAs" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:l6gmwiTKsz0"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=l6gmwiTKsz0" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:cGdyc7Q-1BI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=cGdyc7Q-1BI" border="0"></img></a> <a 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=MVyW-iHp934:NbUxJDDb7Uo:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>MySpaceTwitterKids These DaysFacebookSocial Networking Siteshttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/04/06/now-with-facebook.aspx#Comments19800fe5-54de-4934-b1b4-7db98f61d4ecMon, 06 Apr 2009 21:31:00 GMTWork on the Western Wallhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/04/06/work-on-the-western-wall.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As this article says, the wall is not part of the temple building itself, it was a retaining wall for the temple's site:<br><br><a target="_blank" href="http://www.archaeologynews.org/story.asp?ID=419048&Title=Israeli%20archaeologists%20revive%20Western%20Wall">http://www.archaeologynews.org/story.asp?ID=419048&Title=Israeli archaeologists revive Western Wall</a></font><br><br><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">-Kushana</font><br><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=7F4jeBt7fFg:EnQqxcBOn2s:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=7F4jeBt7fFg:EnQqxcBOn2s:bcOpcFrp8Mo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=bcOpcFrp8Mo" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=7F4jeBt7fFg:EnQqxcBOn2s:UT3xtbGYFzA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=UT3xtbGYFzA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=7F4jeBt7fFg:EnQqxcBOn2s:W9dqtTZ0I2U"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=W9dqtTZ0I2U" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=7F4jeBt7fFg:EnQqxcBOn2s:8QFB7NnbhRw"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=8QFB7NnbhRw" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=7F4jeBt7fFg:EnQqxcBOn2s:V_sGLiPBpWU"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=7F4jeBt7fFg:EnQqxcBOn2s:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=7F4jeBt7fFg:EnQqxcBOn2s:F7zBnMyn0Lo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=7F4jeBt7fFg:EnQqxcBOn2s:F7zBnMyn0Lo" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=7F4jeBt7fFg:EnQqxcBOn2s:qj6IDK7rITs"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"></img></a> <a 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=7F4jeBt7fFg:EnQqxcBOn2s:dnMXMwOfBR0"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=7F4jeBt7fFg:EnQqxcBOn2s:I9og5sOYxJI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=I9og5sOYxJI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=7F4jeBt7fFg:EnQqxcBOn2s:K6F3SCn7Sig"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=K6F3SCn7Sig" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=7F4jeBt7fFg:EnQqxcBOn2s:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=7F4jeBt7fFg:EnQqxcBOn2s:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=7F4jeBt7fFg:EnQqxcBOn2s:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=7F4jeBt7fFg:EnQqxcBOn2s:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=7F4jeBt7fFg:EnQqxcBOn2s:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=7F4jeBt7fFg:EnQqxcBOn2s:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=7F4jeBt7fFg:EnQqxcBOn2s:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=7F4jeBt7fFg:EnQqxcBOn2s:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>Temple of Jerusalem; Wesern Wall; Wailing Wallhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/04/06/work-on-the-western-wall.aspx#Commentsfa7fe519-7b1b-45b1-89b9-7460b0bfa7d7Mon, 06 Apr 2009 21:10:00 GMTWhen History Washes Awayhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/04/06/when-history-washes-away.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This is not good:<br><a target="_blank" href="http://www.archaeologynews.org/story.asp?ID=419174&Title=Native%20artifacts%20off%20Calif.%20being%20washed%20away"><br>http://www.archaeologynews.org/story.asp?ID=419174&Title=Native artifacts off Calif. being washed away</a><br><br>-Kushana</font><br><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:bcOpcFrp8Mo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=bcOpcFrp8Mo" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:UT3xtbGYFzA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=UT3xtbGYFzA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:W9dqtTZ0I2U"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=W9dqtTZ0I2U" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:8QFB7NnbhRw"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=8QFB7NnbhRw" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:V_sGLiPBpWU"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:F7zBnMyn0Lo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:F7zBnMyn0Lo" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:qj6IDK7rITs"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:wF9xT3WuBAs"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:wF9xT3WuBAs" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:l6gmwiTKsz0"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=l6gmwiTKsz0" border="0"></img></a> <a 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:K6F3SCn7Sig"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=K6F3SCn7Sig" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=oH7a7oThXho:uG6T4STK3xU:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>Native AmericansSeafaringArchaeologyChumashClimate Changehttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/04/06/when-history-washes-away.aspx#Comments839d553e-e3ce-45dd-87af-c4a95c46748cMon, 06 Apr 2009 21:05:00 GMTLearning Biblical Languageshttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/03/25/learning-biblical-languages.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<img style="border:none;" src='http://images.talkr.com/images/speaker_20.gif' alt='Listen to this article' border='0' /> <a href='http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/03/25/learning-biblical-languages'> Listen to this article </a></p> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman">My helper tells me there's been a spate of questions asking about how to learn Biblical languages.  This pleases me tremendously:  if there's a book (or a movie or a play) you love that was originally written in another language, learning that language with pay you back many times over.<br><br>(Learning another language is difficult but it is always worth it:  even  a little bit will tell you more about the thing  you love.)<br><br>My first recommendation is to find a class:  for Biblical languages seminaries are good places to start, as are colleges and universities.  Sometimes places of worship offer classes in Biblical languages, too.  Whether you agree with the ethos and philosophy of the place should be a secondary consideration:  it is easier to learn a language in a structured setting with a teacher who can answer your questions or sort out confusions.  (The worst textbook writing I have encountered has been in language textbooks, even some of my favorites have sentences I can only shrug over.)  A teacher can also explain concepts and give tips on remembering rules and vocabulary in several different ways:  a textbook usually does not.<br><br>Also, contact the person teaching the class and ask about sitting in on the class.  School policies vary, but it may be possible for you to take the class without paying full tuition, enrolling in school, or having to be graded.  (Of course, if you find grades helpful or are making a start on a new educational path you will want to officially take the class.)  Never be afraid to ask (and always ask the professor, directly:  department officials and university office staff are paid to give the party line, which usually involves applying to the school and paying tuition...)  The worst a teacher can say is, "No", and they may point you to other resources you had not thought of.<br><br>If you absolutely cannot find a class (or even a tutor), then get a textbook and begin to work through it on your own.  This is not ideal, but it is better than nothing.  If possible ask a professor, tutor, or member of the clergy who knows the language what textbook they would recommend.  (There are many good textbooks for Biblical Hebrew and Biblical Greek (also called Koine Greek).  The field is far narrower for Biblical Aramaic (a short portion of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament is written in Aramaic -- and there are a few worlds and phrases of Aramaic scattered throughout the New Testament.  Some classes post their course schedules or syllabi online:  this is also a source for the names of good textbooks.<br><br>I would text to shy away from textbooks published by religious publishing houses or by religious organizations or written by members of the clergy.  Often these are excellent -- and rigorous.  Sometimes, however, they are too protective of Scripture and instead of teaching you a language, honestly, they teach how to read a language so it conforms to an in-house translation or religious interpretation.  Truly learning a language will make anything written in it more complex and full of multiple meanings.  Reading a text in the original language should make its world wider and more profound, anything less is a cheat on the reader and learner.<br><br>-Kushana</font><br> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~s/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/03/25/learning-biblical-languages" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=EPpxeWky6ls:aJOb63e2ldw:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=EPpxeWky6ls:aJOb63e2ldw:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=EPpxeWky6ls:aJOb63e2ldw:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=EPpxeWky6ls:aJOb63e2ldw:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>http://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/03/25/learning-biblical-languages.aspx#Comments347958a8-29ef-4b17-bf3b-d08ae05def74Wed, 25 Mar 2009 20:18:00 GMTFountain Pen Fridayhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/03/13/fountain-pen-friday.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<IMG style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none" alt="Listen to this article" src="http://images.talkr.com/images/speaker_20.gif" border=0> <A href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/03/13/fountain-pen-friday">Listen to this article </A> <P></P><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>This post has nothing to do with religion, history, or archaeology.<BR><BR>S</FONT><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>omeone recently gave me a fountain pen, "It's yours, Kushana, I don't know what to do with it."  It was one of those tiny purse models, three or four inches long, <A href="http://www.fahrneyspens.com/ProductImages/Large/82422b.jpg" target=_blank>iridescent plastic</A>, somewhere between 70 and 40 years old.  The kind of pen that is good for writing a check at the grocery store, or making a short list, but which won't hold enough ink to write a letter or grade a stack of quizzes.<BR><BR>That said it had one of those antique soft nibs which produces that beautiful old-fashioned line variation:<BR><IMG src="http://images.quickblogcast.com/76661-67158/baltimore_200701A10_s01.jpg"><BR><BR>(Look closely at the letter "B":  it was written in one stroke with one pen, and whether the line is light or heavy depends on how much pressure you put on the point of the pen.  Modern pens can't do that, with <A href="http://i22.photobucket.com/albums/b325/azavalia/FA2.jpg" target=_blank>few exceptions</A>.)<BR><BR>The problem:  my 'new' pen <A href="http://www.vintagepens.com/filling_instructions_lever-fillers.shtml" target=_blank>would not fill with ink</A> or come apart.  (It had once been filled with red ink:  had it been used by another teacher?  A nurse? An accountant, as vest pocket pen?) It is now the cleanest pen in the world:  my hands aren't what they used to be, so I cannot rely on tools and force to open reluctant pens.  (Even so, I have occasionally broken old pens trying to get them open.)  I applied my hair dryer, I soaked the nib end of the pen in hot water, I ran it through an ultrasonic cleaner with cool, then finally hot, water -- and I finally got the pen open.  Its <A href="http://www.pensacs.com/New%20Pages/catalog.html" target=_blank>ink reservoir</A> was punctured (how someone managed that when the pen was sealed like Tut's tomb is a mystery:  perhaps the rubber simply rotted with time -- pity, it was otherwise still soft enough to be used.)<BR><BR>I will <A href="http://www.pentrace.net/article012901050.html" target=_blank>give it a new ink bladder</A>, fill it with a <A href="http://www.parkerpen.com/en/discovery/inks/quink" target=_blank>modern ink</A> that is kind to old pens, and it will work like new.  (If I feel very meticulous I might polish the metal bits (not the nib) with a good gentle metal polish and try a good general-purpose polish on the rest of the pen.)<BR><BR>Note to the unwary --  some old pens are made of <A href="http://www.parkvillepen.com/sitebuilder/images/slipcaps-596x699.jpg" target=_blank>hardened rubber</A> (they are usually <A href="http://www.parkvillepen.com/images/sheaffer/craig5.jpg" target=_blank>black</A>, sometimes <A href="http://www.dargate.com/246_auction/246_images/2438.jpg" target=_blank>orange</A> - or army green if improperly stored):  they do not like water.  Nor do <A href="http://www.pentrace.net/penbase/Data_Returns/full_article.asp?id=276" target=_blank>casein</A> (<A href="http://www.accessscience.com/content.aspx?id=111900" target=_blank>milk protein</A>) pens.<BR><BR>It has no brand name but it is a nice little pen.  (And websites, in their eagerness to cover every contingency and every brand, usually make fixing and filling an old pen look like worse trouble than it usually is.  Ink (be careful not to buy <A href="http://www.covingtoninnovations.com/pens/#INK" target=_blank>india ink</A>) is still sold at office supply stores and parts (and good advice) are readily available online.))<BR><BR>(For the difficult cases I do keep the card of a pen repair expert at my desk:  I've seldom needed it.)<BR><BR>I need to start an article this weekend:  I think I will choose a sunny window and write it by hand. <BR><BR>-Kushana<BR></FONT> <SCRIPT src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~s/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/03/13/fountain-pen-friday" type=text/javascript charset=utf-8></SCRIPT><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=A7E67na2g5s:NVi9PYb7Wh0:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=A7E67na2g5s:NVi9PYb7Wh0:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=A7E67na2g5s:NVi9PYb7Wh0:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=A7E67na2g5s:NVi9PYb7Wh0:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>Fountain Penshttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/03/13/fountain-pen-friday.aspx#Commentsd5086697-260f-4d39-979e-d3de5c84931aFri, 13 Mar 2009 19:58:00 GMTThe Prisonerhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/03/12/the-prisoner.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<img style="border: medium none ;" src="http://images.talkr.com/images/speaker_20.gif" alt="Listen to this article" border="0"> <a href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/03/12/the-prisoner"> Listen to this article </a><p></p> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman">With the death of <a target="_blank" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-patrick-mcgoohan15-2009jan15,0,3951859.story">Patrick McGoohan</a>, creator and lead actor in the tv series, <i><a target="_blank" href="http://www.netreach.net/%7Esixofone/"></a><div><a target="_blank" href="http://www.netreach.net/%7Esixofone/"><font><i></i></font></a><font><i><a><font><i></i></font></a><font><i><a> </a></i></font></i></font></div><a target="_blank" href="http://www.netreach.net/%7Esixofone/">The Prisoner</a></i>, I have been trying to pull together my thoughts about the show.<br><br>If you've never seen it I don't know how to describe it.  The best place to start would be with the Cold War spy genre, the show jumps off from that atmosphere of paranoia, high stakes, and infiltration.  (Indeed McGoohan had just played <a target="_blank" href="http://blog.wired.com/underwire/2009/01/rip-patrick-mcg.html">the lead in a popular spy show</a> and some people surmised the nameless main character of <a target="_blank" href="http://www.retroweb.com/prisoner.html">The Prisoner</a> was meant to be the same character:   don't think that is necessarily so.)  <br><br>The show's premise can be stated very briefly:  a young British spy announces his abrupt retirement, he is kidnapped and wakes up in a picturesque (but eerie) seaside village full of other retired spies.  The management keeps trying to get information out of him, but they will not tell him which side they work for -- or even where he is (which, in the <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/soviet.exhibit/intro2.html">Cold War</a>'s semi-imperialism might have given a clue to which side the management was on.)  Are they his old bosses trying to be certain he won't crack?  Are they the enemy trying to extract state secrets?  In each episode the village's boss tries to coax (or trick) the information out of him, in each episode he tries to escape.  It is a short series, but far from being repetitious the formula is oddly comforting*, and it allows for wildly imaginative tactics on both sides.<br><br>* Life in the village is made as appealing and comfortable as possible, like the limited but cosy world of  a rest home or vacation spot:  the series' greatest temptations are ease and complacency, not the charms of alternate political ideologies or patent bribes.<br><br>In a way the show is a stylized period piece, like the film <a target="_blank" href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0060176/">Blow Up</a>.  The special effects are not always the best, even for its era -- but the point of the show isn't its analysis of the spy genre or its later influence on Science Fiction.  The show is a commentary on personal identity, society, and politics.  The highlights of the show are the writing and acting (although, like the spy genre (and much Science Fiction of the time) it is often sexist:  women are sexpot double agents or weak-willed co-conspirators in escape attempts.  (There are exceptions:  the village's leader and chief interrogator changes with nearly every episode and the leader is not always male.)  Yet in whatever times I watch it, it is a thought-provoking show with ever-shifting contemporary echoes and resonances.  (Imagine <i>Kings</i> in 30 years, if remains relevant -- and if it were far more stylized and plotted less like a soap opera.)<br><br>(I sometimes think this changing leadership in <i><a target="_blank" href="http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/P/htmlP/prisonerthe/prisonerthe.htm">The Prisoner</a></i> is the cruelest thing the village does; these days I find it a sharp commentary on corporate leadership where executives hopscotch between jobs, feel little company loyalty, and often bring widely variable business philosophies to their tasks; yet even the show's boss answers to someone above him.)<br><br>The show's village also permits things that might seem too subversive for its highly controlled, stiflingly governed environment:  elections, art, an educational program.  It shows how these things can also be made small, cozy, and controlled -- and one gets the sense that participation may be more than a little compulsory.  McGoohan's nameless main character is the most defiantly, persistently individual person in the show, and an object lesson in personal courage.<br><br>There are arguments over what order to watch the episodes in:  they each have their merits and to some degree each episode stands on its own.  (There are few cues about how much time has passed between shows and few recurring characters.)  That makes it sound terrible, but it is a compelling show (although I wouldn't recommend watching  too may episodes in a row unless you're in a mood for dark humor.)  It isn't like much else:  simply watch it.  It is one of those works of art whose era, genre, and techniques do not explain what it will be like to experience it.<br><br>The essay that inspired this entry:  <a target="_blank" href="http://www.sbl-site.org/publications/article.aspx?articleId=802">http://www.sbl-site.org/publications/article.aspx?articleId=802</a><br><br>McGoohan's obituary: <a target="_blank" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-patrick-mcgoohan15-2009jan15,0,3951859.story"> </a><a href="http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-patrick-mcgoohan15-2009jan15,0,3951859.story%3C/a%3E%3Cbr%3E%3Cbr%3E%3Cfont">www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-patrick-mcgoohan15-2009jan15,0,3951859.story</a><br><br><font> <font size="2">My thanks to JVP of <a target="_blank" href="http://www.palmtreegarden.org/ptgforum/">Palm Tree Garden</a> for pointing out the <a target="_blank" href="http://www.sbl-site.org/publications/article.aspx?articleId=802">SBL essay</a>.</font></font><br><br>-Kushana<br></font><br> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/%7Es/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/03/12/the-prisoner" 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=aQ-91yCdKzk:Zgg0VnnhcJM:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=aQ-91yCdKzk:Zgg0VnnhcJM:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=aQ-91yCdKzk:Zgg0VnnhcJM:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=aQ-91yCdKzk:Zgg0VnnhcJM:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=aQ-91yCdKzk:Zgg0VnnhcJM:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=aQ-91yCdKzk:Zgg0VnnhcJM:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>The Prisoner; Patrick McGoohan; Spy Fiction; Religion; Science Fiction; Television; TVhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/03/12/the-prisoner.aspx#Comments963ed8a2-a397-4dbb-be06-76e8984bab37Thu, 12 Mar 2009 22:39:00 GMTOpening the Doors of the Ivory Towerhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/03/05/opening-the-doors-of-the-ivory-tower.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<img style="border: medium none ;" src="http://images.talkr.com/images/speaker_20.gif" alt="Listen to this article" border="0"> <a href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/03/05/opening-the-doors-of-the-ivory-tower"> Listen to this article </a><p></p> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I heard part of an interview with <a target="_blank" href="http://bartdehrman.com/biography.htm">Bart Ehrman</a> last night.  If, like me, you missed the rest of it - here it is:<br><a target="_blank" href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=101389895">http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=101389895</a><br><br>Part of the book accompanies the interview:<br><a target="_blank" href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=101389895">http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=101389895#101398191</a><br><br>Read other selections here:<br><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0061173932/ref=sib_dp_pop_toc?ie=UTF8&p=S009#reader-link">http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0061173932/ref=sib_dp_pop_toc?ie=UTF8&p=S009#reader-link</a><br> <br>This book is best read with:  Throckmorton's <a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0840774842">Gospel Parallels</a><br><br>Or, for those not afraid of Greek:  Aland's <a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-3438051301">Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum</a> <br><br>I know no more about the book than that but I am highly in favor of explaining what Religion scholars do (and why) in plain English.  One of my longstanding exasperations has been the break in communication between the seminary and the pews:  we teach clergy Greek and Hebrew, a bit of textual criticism (how to sift through the differences in the ancient handwritten manuscripts of the Bible), the difficulties in piecing together the <a target="_blank" href="http://looklex.com/e.o/david.htm">historical King David</a> or the <a target="_blank" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/jesus/reallyknow.html">Jesus of history</a>, the history of ancient Church's slow progress to unity (which was <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/ea_mono.aspx">never complete</a> ), and sometimes a bit of archaeology, ancient sociology, numanistics (the study of ancient coins), botany, architecture, art history, linguistics -- anything that will help the Bible and its times become clearer and more vivid to the new pastor and their flock.<br><br>The new pastors often say this information would shock or upset their congregants and object to preaching it.  (Isn't the message of the Bible supposed to be, to some degree, shocking and unsettling?  If we remain complacent then are we truly people with living, growing faith and understanding?)  I am always puzzled by new clergy who have had the maturity to integrate every aspect of their seminary education ... but who do not think their church members will have the same.<br><br>I think far more of people.<br><br>(Worse, seminaries are turning away from teaching this, at all.  The most traditional branches have begun to re-entrench and the younger and often more liberal ones have turned to matters of social justice.  Both doctrinal stringency and charity are important:  but so is the 'why' of both.  (<i>i.e.</i> What shaped our creed?  What are the historical pitfalls of dissension? What was the ancient lot of the prisoner, the widow, the orphan?  Who was outside the pale in ancient society and why was it a radical act to say God loved and insisted on the care of exactly these people?)<br><br>Much of the blame falls with us, the scholars.  We have let a gap develop between our work and everyone who does not have an overweening interest in esoterica for its own sake.  What we teach in seminaries, colleges, and universities should not be a surprise.  We have a very clannish attitude among ourselves:  we think anyone who speaks to the public is soft in the head and has been ruined for detailed technical work, that they (somehow) lose the ability to work at a high level.  (I think this is bunk written by people who, perhaps, have forgotten how to construct a simple sentence in ordinary English -- or who can no longer discuss their field in everyday language.  (And I worry, deeply, for their students.))<br><br>Note:  Bart Ehrman studied under <a target="_blank" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/16/obituaries/16metzger.html?ex=1329282000&en=63490f3631ec009a&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss">Bruce Metzger</a>, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/Greek-New-Testament-Greek-english-Dictionary/dp/1598561693/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1236290298&sr=8-1">this Bruce Metzger</a>,  <a target="_blank" href="http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2007/februaryweb-only/107-42.0.html">no liberal</a>:</font><br><br><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">His memoir is a good place to start:<br><a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-1565632646">Reminiscences of an Octogenarian</a><br><br>Any of the books he has edited or written are a good choice (although some are slow going):<br></font><ul><li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0195283488">The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha</a></font></li><li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0195046458">The Oxford Companion to the Bible</a></font></li><li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0195029246">Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Palaeography</a></font></li><li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0195161229">The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration</a></font></li><li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0195102796">The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture: The Effect of Early Christological Controversies on the Text of the New Testament</a></font></li><li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0198269540">The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance</a></font></li><li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0687492008">Breaking the Code: Understanding the Book of Revelation</a> </font></li></ul><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>And for those who know Greek:<br><a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-1598561647">A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament</a><br><br>-Kushana<br></font> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/%7Es/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/03/05/opening-the-doors-of-the-ivory-tower" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=dZFMQiYF2ko:qP0jh2J-3Do:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=dZFMQiYF2ko:qP0jh2J-3Do:bcOpcFrp8Mo"><img 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=dZFMQiYF2ko:qP0jh2J-3Do:K6F3SCn7Sig"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=K6F3SCn7Sig" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=dZFMQiYF2ko:qP0jh2J-3Do:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=dZFMQiYF2ko:qP0jh2J-3Do:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=dZFMQiYF2ko:qP0jh2J-3Do:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=dZFMQiYF2ko:qP0jh2J-3Do:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=dZFMQiYF2ko:qP0jh2J-3Do:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=dZFMQiYF2ko:qP0jh2J-3Do:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=dZFMQiYF2ko:qP0jh2J-3Do:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=dZFMQiYF2ko:qP0jh2J-3Do:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>Textual Criticism; Archaeology; Bible; Academia; Ancient Handwriting; Greekl; Hebrewhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/03/05/opening-the-doors-of-the-ivory-tower.aspx#Comments25d845ec-47d0-426c-ac48-0bf2e70dae69Thu, 05 Mar 2009 21:49:00 GMTGobekli Tepehttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/03/01/gobekli-tepe.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<img style="border:none;" src='http://images.talkr.com/images/speaker_20.gif' alt='Listen to this article' border='0' /> <a href='http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/03/01/gobekli-tepe'> Listen to this article </a></p> <p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This is a wonderful discovery:<br><br><em>To Schmidt and others, these new findings suggest a novel theory of civilization. Scholars have long believed that only after people learned to farm and live in settled communities did they have the time, organization and resources to construct temples and support complicated social structures. But Schmidt argues it was the other way around: the extensive, coordinated effort to build the monoliths literally laid the groundwork for the development of complex societies .... There's more time between Gobekli Tepe and the Sumerian clay tablets [etched in 3300 B.C.] than from Sumer to today," says Gary Rollefson, an archaeologist at Whitman College in Walla Walla, Washington, who is familiar with Schmidt's work. "Trying to pick out symbolism from prehistoric context </em>[before the invention of writing]</font><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> is an exercise in futility."<br></font></em><a href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/gobekli-tepe.html?c=y&page=1"><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/gobekli-tepe.html?c=y&page=1</font></em></a><br><br><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I love discoveries that teach us new and unexpected things about the past.<br><br><font size="2">Thanks to Eac who pointed this out to me.</font><br><br>-Kushana</font></p> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~s/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/03/01/gobekli-tepe" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=DRg9uMBseAg:TbPBB_CsY3Q:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=DRg9uMBseAg:TbPBB_CsY3Q:V_sGLiPBpWU"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=DRg9uMBseAg:TbPBB_CsY3Q:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=DRg9uMBseAg:TbPBB_CsY3Q:F7zBnMyn0Lo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=DRg9uMBseAg:TbPBB_CsY3Q:F7zBnMyn0Lo" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=DRg9uMBseAg:TbPBB_CsY3Q:qj6IDK7rITs"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=DRg9uMBseAg:TbPBB_CsY3Q:wF9xT3WuBAs"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=DRg9uMBseAg:TbPBB_CsY3Q:wF9xT3WuBAs" border="0"></img></a> <a 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=DRg9uMBseAg:TbPBB_CsY3Q:I9og5sOYxJI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=I9og5sOYxJI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=DRg9uMBseAg:TbPBB_CsY3Q:K6F3SCn7Sig"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=K6F3SCn7Sig" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=DRg9uMBseAg:TbPBB_CsY3Q:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=DRg9uMBseAg:TbPBB_CsY3Q:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=DRg9uMBseAg:TbPBB_CsY3Q:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=DRg9uMBseAg:TbPBB_CsY3Q:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=DRg9uMBseAg:TbPBB_CsY3Q:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=DRg9uMBseAg:TbPBB_CsY3Q:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=DRg9uMBseAg:TbPBB_CsY3Q:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=DRg9uMBseAg:TbPBB_CsY3Q:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>Archaeology; Stonehenge; Monolists; Religion; Turkey; Urfa; Edessa; Syriahttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/03/01/gobekli-tepe.aspx#Commentsc8507ec2-15f8-467a-ab5b-5ee55c47b430Sun, 01 Mar 2009 07:24:00 GMTZed the Mammothhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/02/20/zed-the-mammoth.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<img style="border: medium none ;" src="http://images.talkr.com/images/speaker_20.gif" alt="Listen to this article" border="0"> <a href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/20/02/zed-the-mammoth"> Listen to this article </a><p></p> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman">First, from the horse's mouth:<br><a target="_blank" href="http://www.tarpits.org/project23/index.html">http://www.tarpits.org/project23/index.html</a><br><br><a target="_blank" href="http://excavatrix.blogspot.com/">http://excavatrix.blogspot.com/</a><br><br>In brief:<br><a target="_blank" href="http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/30445/trove-of-fossils-uncovered-at-lacma-site/">http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/30445/trove-of-fossils-uncovered-at-lacma-site/</a><br><br>At length:<br><a target="_blank" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-sci-fossils18-2009feb18,0,1064849.story">http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-sci-fossils18-2009feb18,0,1064849.story</a><br><br>Further news:<br><a target="_blank" href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090218090539.htm">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090218090539.htm</a><br><br>-Kushana<br><br><br></font><br> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/%7Es/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/20/02/zed-the-mammoth" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=NyNLoC4VOeo:PrDdi334iIU:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=NyNLoC4VOeo:PrDdi334iIU:bcOpcFrp8Mo"><img 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=NyNLoC4VOeo:PrDdi334iIU:K6F3SCn7Sig"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=K6F3SCn7Sig" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=NyNLoC4VOeo:PrDdi334iIU:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=NyNLoC4VOeo:PrDdi334iIU:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=NyNLoC4VOeo:PrDdi334iIU:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=NyNLoC4VOeo:PrDdi334iIU:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=NyNLoC4VOeo:PrDdi334iIU:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=NyNLoC4VOeo:PrDdi334iIU:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=NyNLoC4VOeo:PrDdi334iIU:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=NyNLoC4VOeo:PrDdi334iIU:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>Zed the Mammoth; La Brea Tar Pits; Archaeology; Project 23http://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/02/20/zed-the-mammoth.aspx#Comments7dfb6459-f9ac-4976-969d-8b2a95822fc4Fri, 20 Feb 2009 21:45:00 GMTCharles Darwinhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/02/12/charles-darwin.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia <a href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/02/12/charles-darwin">Listen to this article </a><p></p> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.pri.org/">PRI</a>'s <i><a target="_blank" href="http://www.theworld.org/">The World</a></i> said everything I meant to say:<br><br><a target="_blank" href="http://www.theworld.org/node/24475">http://www.theworld.org/node/24475</a><br><br>-Kushana</font><br> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/%7Es/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/02/12/charles-darwin" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=RPF7nmdB4Zk:81gBE4_za88:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=RPF7nmdB4Zk:81gBE4_za88:bcOpcFrp8Mo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=bcOpcFrp8Mo" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=RPF7nmdB4Zk:81gBE4_za88:UT3xtbGYFzA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=UT3xtbGYFzA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=RPF7nmdB4Zk:81gBE4_za88:W9dqtTZ0I2U"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=W9dqtTZ0I2U" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=RPF7nmdB4Zk:81gBE4_za88:8QFB7NnbhRw"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=8QFB7NnbhRw" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=RPF7nmdB4Zk:81gBE4_za88:V_sGLiPBpWU"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=RPF7nmdB4Zk:81gBE4_za88:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"></img></a> <a 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=RPF7nmdB4Zk:81gBE4_za88:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=RPF7nmdB4Zk:81gBE4_za88:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=RPF7nmdB4Zk:81gBE4_za88:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>Science; Theology; Christianity; Creationism; Intelligent Design; Scholarship; Darwin; Evolutionhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/02/12/charles-darwin.aspx#Comments01f304c9-ab4b-4096-98e7-58382932a901Thu, 12 Feb 2009 21:20:00 GMTOld Syriac Bible Seized in Cyprushttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/02/09/old-syriac-bible-seized-in-cyprus.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<img style="border: medium none ;" src="http://images.talkr.com/images/speaker_20.gif" alt="Listen to this article" border="0"> <a href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/02/09/old-syriac-bible-seized-in-cyprus"> Listen to this article </a><p></p> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It's old, but the question is 'how old':<br><br>J. F. Coakley:  <i>"The Syriac writing seems to be in the East Syriac script with vowel points, and you do not find such manuscripts before about the <span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1233925212_13">15th century ... </span>On the basis of the one photo...if I'm not mistaken some words at least seem to be in modern Syriac, a language that was not written down until the mid-<span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1233925212_14" style="border-bottom: medium none; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">19th century</span>," he told Reuters.</i><br><br><a href="http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20090206/lf_nm_life/us_cyprus_bible" target="_blank">http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20090206/lf_nm_life/us_cyprus_bible</a><br><br>Background on the </font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.sbl-site.org/publications/article.aspx?articleId=375">Yonan Codex</a> (in <a target="_blank" href="http://get.adobe.com/reader/">PDF</a> form.)</font><div class="yn-story-content"><br><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="2">My thanks to Tripitaka for bringing this to my attention.</font><br><br>-Kushana</font></p> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/%7Es/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/02/09/old-syriac-bible-seized-in-cyprus" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> </div><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=u8F2ukwnzHQ:oVE5LA2iRhg:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=u8F2ukwnzHQ:oVE5LA2iRhg:I9og5sOYxJI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=I9og5sOYxJI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=u8F2ukwnzHQ:oVE5LA2iRhg:K6F3SCn7Sig"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=K6F3SCn7Sig" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=u8F2ukwnzHQ:oVE5LA2iRhg:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=u8F2ukwnzHQ:oVE5LA2iRhg:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=u8F2ukwnzHQ:oVE5LA2iRhg:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=u8F2ukwnzHQ:oVE5LA2iRhg:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=u8F2ukwnzHQ:oVE5LA2iRhg:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=u8F2ukwnzHQ:oVE5LA2iRhg:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=u8F2ukwnzHQ:oVE5LA2iRhg:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=u8F2ukwnzHQ:oVE5LA2iRhg:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>BibleSyriachttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/02/09/old-syriac-bible-seized-in-cyprus.aspx#Comments8920b640-2c82-4f86-b3bf-91d6621a921bTue, 10 Feb 2009 06:30:00 GMTBritish Hobbyists Do the Right Thinghttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/02/05/british-hobbyists-do-the-right-thing.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<img style="border: medium none ;" src="http://images.talkr.com/images/speaker_20.gif" alt="Listen to this article" border="0"> <a href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/02/05/british-hobbyists-do-the-right-thing"> Listen to this article </a><p></p> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Two hobbyists with metal detectors praised by local archaeologists:<br><br><img src="http://images.quickblogcast.com/76661-67158/_45443297_saucer_brooches226.jpg"></font><div> </div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br><a target="_blank" href="http://www.archaeologynews.org/story.asp?ID=388405&Title=Pair%20unearth%20Saxon%20burial%20remains">http://www.archaeologynews.org/story.asp?ID=388405&Title=Pair unearth Saxon burial remains</a></font><br><br><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The article makes a good point:  if you ever do find an archaeological site (even one without bones) treat it like a crime scene.  Don't touch anything and call the authorities.  (Bones near the surface may be a crime scene (older bones tend to be further down) ... and it may take a specialist to distinguish animal from human bones and sort out how old they are.)<br></font><br><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">-Kushana</font><br> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/%7Es/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/02/05/british-hobbyists-do-the-right-thing" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tgfWDqN0Twc:hpWUNG1Ylaw:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tgfWDqN0Twc:hpWUNG1Ylaw:bcOpcFrp8Mo"><img 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tgfWDqN0Twc:hpWUNG1Ylaw:K6F3SCn7Sig"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=K6F3SCn7Sig" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tgfWDqN0Twc:hpWUNG1Ylaw:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=tgfWDqN0Twc:hpWUNG1Ylaw:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tgfWDqN0Twc:hpWUNG1Ylaw:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=tgfWDqN0Twc:hpWUNG1Ylaw:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tgfWDqN0Twc:hpWUNG1Ylaw:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tgfWDqN0Twc:hpWUNG1Ylaw:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tgfWDqN0Twc:hpWUNG1Ylaw:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=tgfWDqN0Twc:hpWUNG1Ylaw:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>Archaeology; Eastbourne District Metal Detecting Clubhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/02/05/british-hobbyists-do-the-right-thing.aspx#Commentsfa37d301-d44a-4c90-88eb-53112ce5f78aThu, 05 Feb 2009 21:12:00 GMTThe Mammoths of San Diegohttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/02/05/the-mammoths-of-san-diego.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<img style="border: medium none ;" src="http://images.talkr.com/images/speaker_20.gif" alt="Listen to this article" border="0"> <a href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/02/05/the-mammoths-of-san-diego"> Listen to this article </a><p></p> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mammoth found at construction site in San Diego:<br><a target="_blank" href="http://www3.signonsandiego.com/stories/2009/feb/05/1m5mammoth233314-mammoth-discovery/?zIndex=48237">http://www3.signonsandiego.com/stories/2009/feb/05/1m5mammoth233314-mammoth-discovery/?zIndex=48237</a><br><br>(The layer of shells above and below the bones allow specialists to determine how old they are.  Since the bones are <a target="_blank" href="http://www.discoverfossils.com/Fossils/Fossilization.html">fossilized</a> there is nothing organic to test:  they are, for all intents and purposes, stone.  A <a target="_blank" href="http://www.sdnhm.org/exhibits/mystery/fg_timeline.html">long view of climate change in San Diego</a>, and <a target="_blank" href="http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/6391">some perspective</a>.  Note that the same type of mammoth, rabbit bones, and shells (and evidence of a different climate) have also been found at the <a target="_blank" href="http://www.tarpits.org/">La Brea Tar Pits</a>.)<br><br>More science:<br><a target="_blank" href="http://www.livescience.com/animals/090205-mammoth-discovery.html">http://www.livescience.com/animals/090205-mammoth-discovery.html</a><br><br>Another San Diego mammoth:<br><a target="_blank" href="http://www3.signonsandiego.com/stories/2009/feb/05/1m5bell233312-another-mammoths-bones-get-new-digs/?zIndex=48231">http://www3.signonsandiego.com/stories/2009/feb/05/1m5bell233312-another-mammoths-bones-get-new-digs/?zIndex=48231</a><br><br><a target="_blank" href="http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/jeffrep.html">Jefferson's</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/2000_fall/jefferson_paleon.html">mammoth</a> (the <a target="_blank" href="http://www.tarpits.org/education/guide/flora/mammoth.html">same species</a>):<br><img src="http://images.quickblogcast.com/76661-67158/vc92.jpg"><div> </div><br>(<a target="_blank" href="http://www.ansp.org/museum/jefferson/mastodon/history-08.php">More history</a>.)<br><br>The mammoth has now been joined by <a target="_blank" href="http://www.mercurynews.com/breakingnews/ci_11808635">a whale</a>.<br><br>See also:  <a target="_blank" href="http://www.archaeologynews.org/story.asp?ID=396369&Title=Nearly%20intact%20mammoth%20skeleton%20a%20rare%20find">Zed the Mammoth</a>.<br><br>-Kushana</font><br> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/%7Es/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/02/05/the-mammoths-of-san-diego" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=xtwGA7JdqGs:Za0_GaojIEg:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=xtwGA7JdqGs:Za0_GaojIEg:I9og5sOYxJI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=I9og5sOYxJI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=xtwGA7JdqGs:Za0_GaojIEg:K6F3SCn7Sig"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=K6F3SCn7Sig" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=xtwGA7JdqGs:Za0_GaojIEg:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=xtwGA7JdqGs:Za0_GaojIEg:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=xtwGA7JdqGs:Za0_GaojIEg:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=xtwGA7JdqGs:Za0_GaojIEg:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=xtwGA7JdqGs:Za0_GaojIEg:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=xtwGA7JdqGs:Za0_GaojIEg:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=xtwGA7JdqGs:Za0_GaojIEg:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=xtwGA7JdqGs:Za0_GaojIEg:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>http://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/02/05/the-mammoths-of-san-diego.aspx#Commentsc5a81efa-175c-438a-90b9-0c64539833b0Thu, 05 Feb 2009 20:52:00 GMTSometimes Doing Nothing Can Make Things Go Fasterhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/02/04/sometimes-doing-nothing-can-make-things-go-faster.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<img style="border: medium none ;" src="http://images.talkr.com/images/speaker_20.gif" alt="Listen to this article" border="0"> <a href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/02/04/sometimes-doing-nothing-can-make-things-go-faster"> Listen to this article </a><p></p> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman">There are always more books than I have time to read.  I love to read:  I have a to-read shelf that is now a bookcase.  There are several kinds of books I like to read, many books I want to re-read, and many books that are recommended to me or catch my interest (online bookstores have made this worse.) <br><br>Much of the reading I actually do is a professional obligation:  classes must be kept current, articles must not tread on the work of my predecessors (even if they are not well remembered, today), and books must be thoroughly checked and researched.  My eyes tire and I can only remain alert for so long -- so I must prioritize and put many things aside I'd rather be reading.  (Often this reading is not in English and even the best and oldest of my second languages are not the same as reading in my first.)<br><br>The study of religion is not an island:  many religions have similarities, many religions directly influence other religions, religions are part of history, in general, and studying even one religion can require other types of learning along the way.   These kinds of knowledge grow slowly and are not the result of reading one thing or another.<br><br>I am very happy to see one book on my to-read shelf (or rather, bookcase) has been translated into English: <a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-3899300284">Syro-Aramische-Lesart-Koran</a> by Christoph Luxenberg will be published this April as <a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-1591027102">The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran: A Contribution to the Decoding of the Language of the Koran</a>. (If the idea that Syriac and Arabic have anything in common is a shock, read the articles reprinted in Part 3 of <a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-1573929455">What the Koran Really Says: Language, Text, and Commentary</a>.<br><br>(Dr. Luxenberg's book is not light reading in any language, but it is just the kind of thing I enjoy:  <a target="_blank" href="http://tinyurl.com/cxm47n">a preview</a>.</font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">)<br><br>It is always better to read a book in its original language and even the finest translation can have small differences -- no two languages are alike and it is often impossible to find exact equivalents.   However, this translation will move Dr. Lexenberg's book closer to the bookcases of the rest of my (already read) library.</font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br><br>-Kushana<br></font><br> <script 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=LqyxfW0CUyQ:dWa2CCrKErs:gIN9vFwOqvQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=LqyxfW0CUyQ:dWa2CCrKErs:gIN9vFwOqvQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=LqyxfW0CUyQ:dWa2CCrKErs:dnMXMwOfBR0"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=LqyxfW0CUyQ:dWa2CCrKErs:I9og5sOYxJI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=I9og5sOYxJI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=LqyxfW0CUyQ:dWa2CCrKErs:K6F3SCn7Sig"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=K6F3SCn7Sig" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=LqyxfW0CUyQ:dWa2CCrKErs:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=LqyxfW0CUyQ:dWa2CCrKErs:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=LqyxfW0CUyQ:dWa2CCrKErs:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=LqyxfW0CUyQ:dWa2CCrKErs:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=LqyxfW0CUyQ:dWa2CCrKErs:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=LqyxfW0CUyQ:dWa2CCrKErs:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=LqyxfW0CUyQ:dWa2CCrKErs:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=LqyxfW0CUyQ:dWa2CCrKErs:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>Koran; Syriac; Arabic; Aramaichttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/02/04/sometimes-doing-nothing-can-make-things-go-faster.aspx#Comments5f61347a-134f-4c1d-9bcf-a41322bb2e86Wed, 04 Feb 2009 21:23:00 GMTLibrary Thinghttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/30/library-thing.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<img style="border:none;" src='http://images.talkr.com/images/speaker_20.gif' alt='Listen to this article' border='0' /> <a href='http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/30/library-thing'> Listen to this article </a></p> <FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>I have added book reviews to <A href="http://www.librarything.com/profile.php?view=Kushana" target=_blank>my Library Thing profile</A>.<BR><BR>(If you would like me to review a book either comment on this entry or email me:  it will take me a very long time to a) enter my entire library b) say something about the books in it.)<BR><BR>-Kushana</FONT> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~s/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com /2009/01/30/library-thing" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:bcOpcFrp8Mo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=bcOpcFrp8Mo" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:UT3xtbGYFzA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=UT3xtbGYFzA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:W9dqtTZ0I2U"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=W9dqtTZ0I2U" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:8QFB7NnbhRw"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=8QFB7NnbhRw" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:V_sGLiPBpWU"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:F7zBnMyn0Lo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:F7zBnMyn0Lo" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:qj6IDK7rITs"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:wF9xT3WuBAs"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:wF9xT3WuBAs" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:l6gmwiTKsz0"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=l6gmwiTKsz0" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:cGdyc7Q-1BI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=cGdyc7Q-1BI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:gIN9vFwOqvQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:gIN9vFwOqvQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:dnMXMwOfBR0"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:I9og5sOYxJI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=I9og5sOYxJI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:K6F3SCn7Sig"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=K6F3SCn7Sig" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=TWTQ5d3dsXA:XN4-diW_gC4:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>Book Reviews; Library Thinghttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/30/library-thing.aspx#Comments76037dfb-446d-4b48-8ecc-7a93dd5765ecFri, 30 Jan 2009 10:20:00 GMTMailbag: Gideon Bibleshttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/28/mailbag--gideon-bibles.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<a href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/28/mailbag--gideon-bibles">Listen to this article </a><p></p> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman">My helper tells me someone came to this site wondering if the Gideon Bible (the Bibles found in hotels) ever contained the <i>Book of Enoch</i>.<br><br>No:  the <a target="_blank" href="http://www.gideons.org/TGI.Web/TGI.Web.PublicWebSite/pages/history.aspx">Gideons</a> are Protestant Christian who believe "<a target="_blank" href="http://www.gideons.org/TGI.Web/TGI.Web.PublicWebSite/pages/FAQ.aspx">[t]he Bible is the inspired, infallible, inerrant Word of God</a>".  Their Bibles are perfectly ordinary Protestant Bibles (every English one I have ever seen was the <a target="_blank" href="http://etext.virginia.edu/kjv.browse.html">King James Version</a>.)  If you wish to read excerpts from a Gideon Bible without checking into a hotel, you may do so on <a target="_blank" href="http://www.gideons.org/TGI.Web/TGI.Web.PublicWebSite/pages/reading_calendar.aspx">their website</a>.<br><br>If you wish to read the <i>Book of Enoch</i> in an older translation, you may do so <a target="_blank" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/boe/">here</a>.  A more current translation can be found in James H. Charlesworth's <a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=%20978-0300140194">Old Testament Pseudepigrapha</a>* (volume 1, if memory serves)<br><br>* "Pseudepigrapha" means 'false writing' -- writings attributed to ancient worthies which usually date to long after their lifetimes.  In the strict sense of the word the New Testament <a target="_blank" href="http://etext.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=KjvTitu.sgm&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public&part=1&division=div1">Epistle to Titus</a> is a pseudepigrapha attributed to Paul of Tarsus:  it concerns issues and offices that did not exist in Paul's day.<br><br><b>Disclaimer:</b>  I have used Gideon Bibles at professional conferences to jog my memory about scriptural passages and to check over my own work.  ("Did I really mean to include verse 12?  Yes, I did -- now I remember why.")<br><br>I have no connection to the Gideons and <a target="_blank" href="http://www.gideons.org/TGI.Web/TGI.Web.PublicWebSite/pages/FAQ.aspx">cannot become one</a> (I am female.)  I have no position on whether a person joins (or leaves) Christianity (or any other religion).  Belief and non-belief are private matters of individual thought and conscience.<br><br>-Kushana<br></font><br> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/%7Es/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/28/mailbag--gideon-bibles"></script><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-jVorglHIXQ:-da7fgIqqMA:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-jVorglHIXQ:-da7fgIqqMA:bcOpcFrp8Mo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=bcOpcFrp8Mo" border="0"></img></a> <a 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-jVorglHIXQ:-da7fgIqqMA:cGdyc7Q-1BI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=cGdyc7Q-1BI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-jVorglHIXQ:-da7fgIqqMA:gIN9vFwOqvQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=-jVorglHIXQ:-da7fgIqqMA:gIN9vFwOqvQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-jVorglHIXQ:-da7fgIqqMA:dnMXMwOfBR0"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-jVorglHIXQ:-da7fgIqqMA:I9og5sOYxJI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=I9og5sOYxJI" border="0"></img></a> <a 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-jVorglHIXQ:-da7fgIqqMA:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=-jVorglHIXQ:-da7fgIqqMA:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=-jVorglHIXQ:-da7fgIqqMA:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>http://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/28/mailbag--gideon-bibles.aspx#Comments009effba-1ea0-4d60-9e14-dc81a416c214Wed, 28 Jan 2009 21:33:00 GMTGnostic Gemshttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/23/gnostic-gems.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia <a href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/23/gnostic-gems">Listen to this article </a> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br><br>Modern scholars do not think they have much to do with Gnosticism (ancient magic would implore whatever deities, symbols, and angels it thought might be effective), but they certainly are beautiful:<br><br></font><a href="http://www.lib.umich.edu/pap/exhibits/magic/def1.display.html"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.lib.umich.edu/pap/exhibits/magic/def1.display.html</font></a><br><br><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>-Kushana</font> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/%7Es/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/23/gnostic-gems></script><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=BeRcuxOd2yg:n0gQ8SfRQc8:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=BeRcuxOd2yg:n0gQ8SfRQc8:bcOpcFrp8Mo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=bcOpcFrp8Mo" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=BeRcuxOd2yg:n0gQ8SfRQc8:UT3xtbGYFzA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=UT3xtbGYFzA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=BeRcuxOd2yg:n0gQ8SfRQc8:W9dqtTZ0I2U"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=W9dqtTZ0I2U" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=BeRcuxOd2yg:n0gQ8SfRQc8:8QFB7NnbhRw"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=8QFB7NnbhRw" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=BeRcuxOd2yg:n0gQ8SfRQc8:V_sGLiPBpWU"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=BeRcuxOd2yg:n0gQ8SfRQc8:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"></img></a> <a 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=BeRcuxOd2yg:n0gQ8SfRQc8:cGdyc7Q-1BI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=cGdyc7Q-1BI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=BeRcuxOd2yg:n0gQ8SfRQc8:gIN9vFwOqvQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=BeRcuxOd2yg:n0gQ8SfRQc8:gIN9vFwOqvQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=BeRcuxOd2yg:n0gQ8SfRQc8:dnMXMwOfBR0"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=BeRcuxOd2yg:n0gQ8SfRQc8:I9og5sOYxJI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=I9og5sOYxJI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=BeRcuxOd2yg:n0gQ8SfRQc8:K6F3SCn7Sig"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=K6F3SCn7Sig" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=BeRcuxOd2yg:n0gQ8SfRQc8:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=BeRcuxOd2yg:n0gQ8SfRQc8:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=BeRcuxOd2yg:n0gQ8SfRQc8:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=BeRcuxOd2yg:n0gQ8SfRQc8:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=BeRcuxOd2yg:n0gQ8SfRQc8:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=BeRcuxOd2yg:n0gQ8SfRQc8:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=BeRcuxOd2yg:n0gQ8SfRQc8:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=BeRcuxOd2yg:n0gQ8SfRQc8:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>Gemstones; Magichttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/23/gnostic-gems.aspx#Comments5fa799f5-94c5-44ed-9c99-684e98aa20b3Sat, 24 Jan 2009 00:39:00 GMTFunnyhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/22/funny.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<a href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/22/funny">Listen to this article </a> <p></p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Warning, <span>satire</span>:<br><br><i>"It’s true that I let a few little mistakes go in the first edition," said [Dan] Brown. "Factual errors about Biblical history, early Christianity and Judaism, Catholic theology, Egyptian mythology, Mithraism, the origins and language of the New Testament and Gnostic Gospels, the Nicene Council, Emperor Constantine, the Dead Sea Scrolls and Nag Hammadi texts, the history and modern organizational structure of Opus Dei, the history of the Vatican, interpretations of Leonardo’s Last Supper and Mona Lisa, Leonardo’s sexuality, the history of the Knights Templar ...."<br></i><br>To read the rest go to </font><a href="http://101reasonstostopwriting.com/2008/04/24/breaking-news-dan-brown-doubleday-to-publish-da-vinci-code-15/" target="_blank"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">101 Reasons</font></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">.<br><br>(This is how I felt trying to read the book.)<br><br>I admit, it is difficult to tell fact from fiction these days.  That said, when you are researching something run a check on the author of what you are reading:  do they know the sort of things they'd need to know to write responsibly about the topic?<br><br>(A <a href="http://orion.mscc.huji.ac.il/" target="_blank">Dead Sea Scrolls</a> specialist should know <a href="http://www.usc.edu/dept/LAS/wsrp/educational_site/dead_sea_scrolls/qohelet.shtml" target="_blank">Hebrew</a>, and has probably published more than a few things that lean heavily on that language.  Those will not be the easiest, or cheapest, books in their output but looking them over and verifying who the author is and where they got their training will save you a lot of trouble, later.)<br><br>Many colleges and universities - and libraries - have point people who will help field questions about unusual subjects.  I will, too, if I can -- but you should depend on (and acknowledge) someone (probably several someones) with a name and an institution.  (Preferably someone with a degree in something closely related to the topic and from a place with a track record of producing specialists in that area.  Popular writers sometimes have an advanced degree in a topic that has little to do with what they claim to be specialists in.)<br><br>Helpful hint #1:  Do your own research first, then ask a specialist to go over it.  We generally won't spoon-feed those who haven't made an effort to learn about our subject (whatever it may be.)<br><br>(We usually love our subjects dearly and hope others have made some effort to learn a bit about them, too.)<br><br>Helpful hint #2:  Do not pick on the biggest name in the field.  There is a reason Elaine Pagels does not answer her email.  Many scholars who are second-string in the publishing world have more than enough background to check a book and offer further suggestions for realistic details.  (The kinds of things that will make mavens rejoice that you did your homework.)<br><br>Kind suggestion:  please, no more secret-artifact or lost-manuscript-that-could-overturn-Christianity thrillers.  (In Biblical Studies we use the term "Jesus" to refer to the human being who walked around <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/portrait/galilee.html" target="_blank">Galilee</a> in sandals and "Christ" to refer to ideas about that person being divine, being a member of the Trinity, being present in the Host <i>etc</i>.  Christianity is based on Christ:  negating Jesus wouldn't do much to the religion as it exists, today.)  Other religions are falsifiable,* too, other religions have rich archaeological and textual histories.  Give them a spin:  there are worlds of possibility you do not suspect even in their real-world backgrounds.<br><br>* I say this not to defend Christianity but because I am tired of poorly researched thrillers with a narrow choice of topic.  If I could write, I would try to write a decent one of these with good historical detail:  fortunately for the world I can't write.<br><br>(I blog, don't I?)<br><br>-Kushana<br></font> <script 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src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=hqmm82GmOsM:HLoizBaptOY:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=hqmm82GmOsM:HLoizBaptOY:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=hqmm82GmOsM:HLoizBaptOY:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=hqmm82GmOsM:HLoizBaptOY:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=hqmm82GmOsM:HLoizBaptOY:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=hqmm82GmOsM:HLoizBaptOY:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=hqmm82GmOsM:HLoizBaptOY:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>Humor; DaVinci Code; Biblical Fiction; Religious Fiction; Research; Jesus Christ; Galilee; Bookshttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/22/funny.aspx#Comments305c720d-8142-4747-af08-2afd94836796Fri, 23 Jan 2009 01:09:00 GMTLanguages and Scholarshiphttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/22/languages-and-scholarship.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<IMG style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none" alt="Listen to this article" src="http://images.talkr.com/images/speaker_20.gif" border=0> <A href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/22/languages">Listen to this article </A> <P></P><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>One of the issues in the study of <A href="http://www.pbs.org/wnet/heritage/episode2/" target=_blank>Judaism</A>, <A href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/" target=_blank>Christianity</A> and their <A href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/asbook10.html#Roman%20Mystery%20Religions" target=_blank>ancient competitors</A> is the issue of language.  To study Judaism during the <A href="http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/" target=_blank>Roman empire</A> a scholar needs to know:<BR><BR> <UL> <LI><A href="http://www.wepapers.com/Papers/10914/Practical_Grammar_for_Classical_Hebrew" target=_blank>Biblical Hebrew</A> <LI><A href="http://cal1.cn.huc.edu/aramaic_language.html" target=_blank>Biblical Aramaic</A> <LI>And the <A href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~jtreat/koine/classical.html" target=_blank>simplified descendant</A> of <A href="http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~ancgreek/pronunchtml/alphaU.html" target=_blank>Classical Greek</A> called '<A href="http://www.ntgreek.org/learn_nt_greek/translation_index.htm" target=_blank>Koine</A>'. </LI></UL>This requires learning <A href="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/alephbet.html" target=_blank>two</A> <A href="http://www.scripture4all.org/ISA2_help/DatabaseInfo/GNT_intro.html" target=_blank>new</A> alphabets and three grammars that bear little relationship to English grammar.  (Greek is a little closer due to a prior grammarians' enthusiasm for hammering English grammar into a shape more like Latin's ... whose grammarians admired Greek grammar and did the same with their language.  That said,  English grammar and Greek grammar are very different and this is a bit like asking Turkish to have the grammar of good Classical Arabic.)<BR><BR>To study <A href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/first/diversity.html" target=_blank>early Christianity</A> (the predecessors of the forms that survived) a specialist needs to know:<BR> <UL> <LI><A href="http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/ifa/NRWakademie/papyrologie/PKoeln/PK4274r-4298r.jpg" target=_blank>Koine Greek</A> <LI><A href="http://eleaston.com/latin-speak.html" target=_blank>Classical Latin</A></LI></UL>This requires learning <A href="http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media/33/2033-004-B17DF775.gif" target=_blank>one new alphabet</A> and two related grammars (which are still not like English grammar.)  Latin, at least, is English's grandparent and shares <A href="http://www.terragalleria.com/images/italy/ital7348.jpeg" target=_blank>the same alphabet</A>.  Many <A href="http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/sat/about.html" target=_blank>SAT</A> <A href="http://www.majortests.com/sat/wordlist-01" target=_blank>words</A> <A href="http://www.english-for-students.com/Latin-Loan-Words.html" target=_blank>come from Latin </A>so the stronger one's skills in English, the easier it is to learn Latin.<BR> <BR>(Note:  <A href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/hebrew.htm" target=_blank>Hebrew</A> and <A href="http://cal1.cn.huc.edu/aramaic_language.html" target=_blank>Aramaic</A> are vital for Christianity's background but there are no early Christian texts in Hebrew and only a very light salting of Aramaic -- unless one specializes in the obscure backwaters of <A href="http://sor.cua.edu/Intro/index.html" target=_blank>Christianity in Syria</A> or in <A href="http://tinyurl.com/bmvf54" target=_blank>Christian Palestinian Aramaic</A>.  As with Syria, specialists in other ancient branches of Christianity need to know that place's language:  a historian of Christianity in <A href="http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=18511&URL_DO=DO_PRINTPAGE&URL_SECTION=201.html" target=_blank>Georgia</A> in the Near East needs to know <A href="http://ggdavid.tripod.com/georgia/language/bookhist.htm" target=_blank>Georgic</A>.)<BR><BR>To study ancient Gnosticism a historian needs to know:<BR> <UL> <LI>Greek <LI>Latin <LI><A href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/coptic.htm" target=_blank>Coptic</A> (<A href="http://www.virtual-egypt.com/newhtml/hieroglyphics/" target=_blank>Egyptian</A> written in an adapted <A href="http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.scripture4all.org/ISA2_help/DatabaseInfo/GNT_intro/Table_Greek_alphabet.png&imgrefurl=http://www.scripture4all.org/ISA2_help/DatabaseInfo/GNT_intro.html&usg=__ONlhAtyJgP__ZE-fiSxtpViQzWE=&h=546&w=475&sz=18&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=hnz8tK13ouV0WM:&tbnh=133&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3D"greek%2Balphabet"&um%3D1&hl%3Den&client%3Dfirefox-a&rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&sa%3DN" target=_blank>Greek alphabet</A>).</LI></UL>If one holds that Gnosticism (see <A href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0385478434">Gnostic Scriptures</A>) came from the <A href="http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~sbriggs/Britannica/neoplato1.htm" target=_blank>speculations of Greek philosophers</A> then a strong background in Classical Greek is a must.  If one holds that Gnosticism came from the speculations of Jewish mystics then a strong background in Hebrew and Aramaic are musts.<BR><BR>This requires learning <A href="http://gnostic%20scriptures/" target=_blank>two</A> <A href="http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/papyrus/images/150dpi/258r-at150.gif" target=_blank>alphabets</A> (<A href="http://www.kellistanley.com/World_of_Nox_Dormienda/The_Language.htm" target=_blank>Latin</A> is a gimme.)  The <A href="http://www.uwm.edu/Course/egypt/0100/discoverersA.html" target=_blank>Coptic alphabet</A> is the Greek alphabet -- but it has <A href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/decipherment_01.shtml" target=_blank>six other letters derived from hieroglyphs</A> and doesn't use the lowercase letters that Greek students use most frequently in the classroom.  Coptic grammar is nothing like English grammar (there are nouns:  there the similarities end) and while Greek has given English many loan words, Coptic has given only a handful.  (Worse, Coptic uses many Greek loan words (often misspelled) so a background in Greek is important for reading Coptic.)<BR><BR><A href="http://www.oeaw.ac.at/kal/agp/" target=_blank>Classical Greek</A> is a more complex and nuanced language than Koine Greek:  it is the difference between reading <A href="http://www.people.com/people/" target=_blank>People magazine</A> and reading the densest most complex English you can imagine ... with very long sentences.<BR><BR>To study the last surviving branch of ancient Gnosticism, <A href="http://tinyurl.com/cdzbjf" target=_blank>Mandaeism</A>, a specialist needs to know <BR><BR> <UL> <LI><A href="http://www.geocities.com/mandaeanworld1/manlit.html" target=_blank>Mandaic</A>, a dialect of <A href="http://www.mountlebanon.org/aramaiclanguage.html" target=_blank>Aramaic</A>. </LI></UL>To study <A href="http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~sbriggs/Britannica/manichaeism.htm" target=_blank>Manichaeism</A>, the most <A href="http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/exhibit/religion/manichaeism/manichaeism.html" target=_blank>geographically diverse</A> form of ancient Gnosticism (with arguably the widest evidence about how Gnosticism worked as a religion), a historian needs to know:<BR><BR> <UL> <LI>Latin <LI>Greek <LI>Coptic <LI><A href="http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/73/65873-004-5FA32723.jpg" target=_blank>Syriac</A> <LI><A href="http://www.persiancalligraphy.org/History-of-Calligraphy.html" target=_blank>Persian</A> <LI><A href="http://www.ancientscripts.com/uighur.html" target=_blank>Uighur</A> <LI><A href="http://www.ancientscripts.com/tocharian.html" target=_blank>Tocharian</A> A <LI>Tocharian B <LI>(Several other ancient Central Asian languages) <LI>And <A href="http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/vatican.exhibit/exhibit/h-orient_to_rome/images/orient20.jpg" target=_blank>Chinese</A>.</LI></UL>Very serious scholars of the early texts of the New Testament need to know:<BR><BR> <UL> <LI><A href="http://img.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2007/09_02/dsscrollAP1209_468x350.jpg" target=_blank>Biblical Hebrew</A> (for understanding how the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament was translated into Greek) <LI><A href="http://www.kchanson.com/letter.gif" target=_blank>Koine Greek</A> <LI><A href="http://www.lib.umich.edu/pap/exhibits/writing/latin_cursive.html" target=_blank>Latin</A> <LI>Aramaic <LI><A href="http://www.syriacsummerschool.com/about_lan/character.htm" target=_blank>Syriac</A> <LI><A href="http://www.yale.edu/religiousstudies/fields/ancientchristianity/images/papyrus_large.jpg" target=_blank>Coptic</A> <LI>Geez (<A href="http://www1.uni-hamburg.de/AETHIOPICA/table1.gif" target=_blank>Ethiopic</A>) <LI><A href="http://www.supakoo.com/rick/ricoblog/content/binary/CanonAdyshGospels.jpg" target=_blank>Georgic</A></LI> <LI><A href="http://photos3.meetupstatic.com/photos/event/b/3/1/f/event_885855.jpeg" target=_blank>Armenian</A></LI></UL> (Most only trouble themselves with Hebrew, Greek, and Latin.)*<BR><BR>Specialists in a <A href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/161810/Diatessaron" target=_blank>lost early Syrian version</A> of the four Gospels that put all of the together in one book (weaving together a sentence of one, then a sentence from another) need to know:<BR><A href="http://www.lib.umich.edu/pap/exhibits/writing/latin_cursive.html" target=_blank>Greek</A>, Latin, <A href="http://www.katapi.org.uk/BibleMSS/Curetonian.htm" target=_blank>Syriac</A>, and a substantial collection of early medieval European languages -- languages that preserve later gospel harmonies that may be related to the lost Syrian one.  This lost book was the scripture for Christianity in Syria for its first few centuries, and is not lost after a deliberate proto-orthodox campaign to replace it with an ordinary New Testament in Syriac painstakingly translated from the Greek version used everywhere else in the Roman empire.  (Thus anyone who tries to tell you that the Syriac New Testament is somehow closer to the words of Jesus a) forgets that Syriac and Aramaic are not identical b) evidently know little church - or manuscript - history.)<BR><BR>* Hebrew, Greek, and Latin (and, usually Aramaic) are standard fare in classes on the history of the Bible -- and in schools that teach about the history of Judaism or Christianity.  The other languages are far more difficult to learn -- there is a shortage of qualified teachers and up-to-date textbooks and dictionaries.  Learning even one language beyond these takes a) an unusual school dedicated to giving its pupils an unusually careful breadth of training b) unusual effort on the part of the scholar; sometimes no school can be found and one must learn the language on one's own.  (Scholars are supposed to do this kind of thing:  some do so cheerfully, others never bother.)<BR><BR>To go back to the perils of studying a language on one's own:  <A href="http://books.google.com/books?id=sF9oAAAAMAAJ&q=coptic+grammar&dq=coptic+grammar&pgis=1" target=_blank>Coptic</A>, for example,  has had a sea-change in how its verbs and sentence structures work -- <A href="http://books.google.com/books?id=6t4NAAAAYAAJ&q=coptic+grammar&dq=coptic+grammar&pgis=1" target=_blank>an old-model textbook</A> would leave a student unable to talk to some fellow translators and burdened with an inaccurate picture of why the language does what it does.  Some textbooks of Aramaic and its dialects presume a fluency with Hebrew (and sometimes, a too-close kinship between the two languages).  Aramaic, the official imperial language of the Persian empire, was a language in its own right ... this is a bit like teaching medieval French as thought it were no different from Latin.<BR><BR>Without the guidance of someone who already actively works in a language, it is easy in this online bookseller world to get a hold of less-than-ideal books and never be the wiser.<BR><BR>(I amused one of my first Koine Greek teachers by doing my homework with a Classical Greek dictionary:  the very down-to-earth gospel text now sounded like stiff dialog from an opera.)<BR><BR>Did I mention that a familiarity with modern <A href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/french/" target=_blank>French</A> and <A href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/german/" target=_blank>German</A> are also essential?  Most scholarship in Judaism, Christianity, and their neighbors is done and discussed in English, French, or German -- although I've also run across Spanish, Dutch, Chinese, Estonian, Italian, and Japanese.  (Whereupon I begin to thumb the phone book for a good translation service.)<BR><BR>The museum and library storerooms of Europe and the antiquities markets of the Near East are groaning with texts in ancient languages too few specialists know:  we urgently need more people to study more ancient languages, there are lifetimes worth of work to be done and far too few to do it.<BR><BR>-Kushana<BR></FONT> <SCRIPT src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~s/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/22/languages" type=text/javascript 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</div>http://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/22/languages-and-scholarship.aspx#Comments2339ce71-0730-4ce3-9ffa-650506da7366Thu, 22 Jan 2009 21:47:00 GMTA Presidential Biblehttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/20/a-presidential-bible.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<A href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/20/a-presidential-bible">Listen to this article </A> <P></P> <SCRIPT src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/%7Es/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.comPOST-URL-HERE" type=text/javascript charset=utf-8></SCRIPT> <FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>On this historic day, I wish to spotlight ... the Bible:<BR><BR><IMG src="http://images.quickblogcast.com/76661-67158/340x.jpg"><BR><BR><BR>News reports:<BR></FONT> <DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4><A href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article5389281.ece" target=_blank>http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article5389281.ece</A><BR><BR>With photos:<BR></FONT> <DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4><A href="http://www.boston.com/news/politics/2008/articles/2008/12/24/lincoln_bible_to_be_used_at_inaugural/" target=_blank>http://www.boston.com/news/politics/2008/articles/2008/12/24/lincoln_bible_to_be_used_at_inaugural/</A><BR><BR>With better photos:<BR></FONT> <DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4><A href="http://www.washingtonian.com/blogarticles/people/capitalcomment/10608.html" target=_blank>http://www.washingtonian.com/blogarticles/people/capitalcomment/10608.html</A><BR><BR>The very best pictures:<BR> <DIV><A href="http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2008/08-236.html" target=_blank>http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2008/08-236.html</A> </DIV><BR>To see the book in person:<BR> <DIV><A href="http://www.loc.gov/blog/?p=410" target=_blank>http://www.loc.gov/blog/?p=410</A> </DIV><BR>And, since I hate a closed book, this is how the book reads:<BR>(Or at least the closest <A href="http://www.oup.com/about/history/" target=_blank>Oxford</A> edition I could find online)<BR></FONT> <DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4><A href="http://www.thedcl.org/bible/erv/index.html" target=_blank>http://www.thedcl.org/bible/erv/index.html</A><BR><BR>-Kushana<BR><BR>(Update: <A href="http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/28780417/">http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/28780417/</A>)<BR><BR></FONT></DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4><BR><BR><BR></FONT></DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4><BR><BR><BR></FONT></DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4><BR></FONT></DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4><BR></FONT> <DIV></DIV><BR> <SCRIPT src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/%7Es/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/20/a-presidential-bible" type=text/javascript charset=utf-8></SCRIPT><div class="feedflare"> <a 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src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lX8S63lXOhk:Apgl7TppWOM:I9og5sOYxJI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=I9og5sOYxJI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lX8S63lXOhk:Apgl7TppWOM:K6F3SCn7Sig"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=K6F3SCn7Sig" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lX8S63lXOhk:Apgl7TppWOM:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=lX8S63lXOhk:Apgl7TppWOM:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lX8S63lXOhk:Apgl7TppWOM:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=lX8S63lXOhk:Apgl7TppWOM:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lX8S63lXOhk:Apgl7TppWOM:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lX8S63lXOhk:Apgl7TppWOM:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lX8S63lXOhk:Apgl7TppWOM:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=lX8S63lXOhk:Apgl7TppWOM:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>Bible; American Historyhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/20/a-presidential-bible.aspx#Commentsc0ecf8f6-4cc3-4b23-a78a-936b2b88f30eTue, 20 Jan 2009 23:44:00 GMTA Gnostic Creation Museum?http://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/15/a-gnostic-creation-museum.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia <a href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/15/a-gnostic-creation-museum">Listen to this article </a><p></p> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Someone came to this website looking for information about the Gnostic gospels and creation museums.<br><br>Um, most devout builders of Biblically literal creation exhibits would have nothing to do with heretical Gnostic texts.<br><br>(There are many groups of modern Gnostics:  if one of them has built a museum based on one of the several creation accounts in Gnosticism I haven't heard of it.)<br><br><a target="_blank" href="http://tinyurl.com/9sa8vz">Gnostic creation texts</a> are worth reading:  most of them are mystical commentaries on the first chapter of the <a target="_blank" href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/r/rsv/rsv-idx?type=DIV1&byte=1801">Book of Genesis</a> and struggle to understand the details of how an utterly good God could be responsible for a world full of evils and a misleading book about Himself.  (The Hebrew Bible/Old Testament.)  To understand the greatly elaborate interpretations applied to the Bible in Judaism at the time, read <a target="_blank" href="http://www.earlyjewishwritings.com/philo.html">Philo</a> or the <a target="_blank" href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/gopher/other/courses/rels/225/Research%20Projects/bayard.95"><i>pesherim</i> of the Dead Sea Scrolls</a>.  (Neither is directly related to the Gnostics but it helps to show modern ideas of the Bible as a plain and self-explaining book were not the thinking in antiquity.)<br><br>-Kushana<br><br></font> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/%7Es/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/15/a-gnostic-creation-museum" 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=jj23g9BFNW8:Y0Z8YYugZIE:dnMXMwOfBR0"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=jj23g9BFNW8:Y0Z8YYugZIE:I9og5sOYxJI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=I9og5sOYxJI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=jj23g9BFNW8:Y0Z8YYugZIE:K6F3SCn7Sig"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=K6F3SCn7Sig" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=jj23g9BFNW8:Y0Z8YYugZIE:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=jj23g9BFNW8:Y0Z8YYugZIE:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=jj23g9BFNW8:Y0Z8YYugZIE:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=jj23g9BFNW8:Y0Z8YYugZIE:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=jj23g9BFNW8:Y0Z8YYugZIE:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=jj23g9BFNW8:Y0Z8YYugZIE:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=jj23g9BFNW8:Y0Z8YYugZIE:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=jj23g9BFNW8:Y0Z8YYugZIE:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>Hebrew BibleGnosticismDead Sea ScrollsGnostic GospelsPhiloOld Testamenthttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/15/a-gnostic-creation-museum.aspx#Comments7cc045ca-71be-4507-a93d-31ab025b60cfFri, 16 Jan 2009 00:35:00 GMTA Latin Dictionary: Foundhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/14/a-latin-dictionary--found.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> <a href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/14/a-latin-dictionary--found">Listen to this article </a></font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> <br><br>My helper tells me someone came to this weblog looking for information about Latin dictionaries. <br><br><b>Done: </b> <a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0198642244">Oxford Latin Dictionary</a> <br><br>That's all you need to know.<br><br>(Although I'd recommend two other books in addition to it: <a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-1888173468">Ancilla to Classical Reading</a> and <a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0198606413">The Oxford Classical Dictionary</a>.)<br><br>If the <i>Oxford Latin Dictionary</i> is too heavy (or too expensive), let me recommend its lighter cousins: <a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0198610700">Oxford Latin Desk Dictionary</a> <br><a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0199534388">Oxford Latin Mini Dictionary</a><br><a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0198610052">Pocket Oxford Latin Dictionary</a> <br><br>(A good rule of thumb is that a heavier dictionary will cover more of the words your don't know:  I've often opted for the lightest dictionary possible only to end up with working translations that looks like swiss cheese. The weight is usually worth it.)<br><br>If you cannot find any of the above, Cassell's has a good student dictionary -- with English-to-Latin in case you're wondering how to say something, or need words for a spell, or something medieval-sounding. (Or if you're working on English-to-Latin exercises in a textbook and can't remember the word for 'sailor'.)<br><a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0025225800">Cassell's Latin Dictionary</a><br><br>If you've left your dictionary (or worse, what you're trying to translate) at home, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/collection.jsp?collection=Perseus:collection:Greco-Roman">this site will help</a>.<br>(Please note that like many online reference works these are not the most current dictionaries nor the best and latest editions of these texts, but they are better than nothing.)<br><br>If you would like to curse like a sailor (or liven up declension exercises), or if you're trying to read Catullus or Martial or some <a target="_blank" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/gloucestershire/2982080.stm">ancient graffiti</a> (nothing scandalous at link), you'll need: <a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0801841064">The Latin Sexual Vocabulary</a> <br><br>P.S. I saw a license plate in Latin today.  Who says the language is dead?<br><br>-Kushana <br></font> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/%7Es/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/14/a-latin-dictionary--found" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=nI_uIMvM5X4:fJ9uqjmwgiU:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=nI_uIMvM5X4:fJ9uqjmwgiU:bcOpcFrp8Mo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=bcOpcFrp8Mo" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=nI_uIMvM5X4:fJ9uqjmwgiU:UT3xtbGYFzA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=UT3xtbGYFzA" border="0"></img></a> <a 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=nI_uIMvM5X4:fJ9uqjmwgiU:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=nI_uIMvM5X4:fJ9uqjmwgiU:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=nI_uIMvM5X4:fJ9uqjmwgiU:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=nI_uIMvM5X4:fJ9uqjmwgiU:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=nI_uIMvM5X4:fJ9uqjmwgiU:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=nI_uIMvM5X4:fJ9uqjmwgiU:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=nI_uIMvM5X4:fJ9uqjmwgiU:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=nI_uIMvM5X4:fJ9uqjmwgiU:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>LatinDicitonariesClassicsLanguageshttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/14/a-latin-dictionary--found.aspx#Comments6ccc2d0d-692f-4cd8-a3f9-594d4cc65982Thu, 15 Jan 2009 01:01:00 GMTOn Mandaean Manuscriptshttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/13/on-mandaean-manuscripts.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<a href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/13/on-mandaean-manuscripts">Listen to this article </a><p></p> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman">People are being brought here by wonderful and unusual queries, and one of them was looking for something about 'Mandaean manuscripts'.<br><br>(Please click on the <a target="_blank" href="http://forbiddengospels.blogspot.com/2007/02/mandaean-emergency-campaign.html">Mandaean Emergency Campaign</a> if you have not, already.) <br><br>This query delighted me:  I am always glad to encourage the study of any aspect of <a target="_blank" href="http://www.kerala.com/wiki-Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a>, the last living form of ancient Gnosticism.  The Mandaean scriptures are a great body of material with not nearly enough specialists to translate and untangle the historical connections in them.  The Mandaean religion has a long history, extensive and beautiful symbolism, a great deal of liturgy and ritual, and is in an <a target="_blank" href="http://news.rutgers.edu/focus/issue.2008-03-05.4978939658/article.2008-03-05.2255399317">unusual language</a>:  <a target="_blank" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/mandaic.htm">Mandaic</a> (a form of <a target="_blank" href="http://cal1.cn.huc.edu/aramaic_language.html">Aramaic</a>.)<br><br>Anyone who wants a small taste of the religion should consult the appropriate sections in:<br><br></font><ul><li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=%20978-0567086402">Gnosis: The Nature And History of Gnosticism</a> by Kurt Rudolph</font></li><li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0739484340">The Other Bible: Jewish Pseudepigrapha, Christian Apocrypha, Gnostic Scriptures, Kabbalah, and the Dead Sea Scrolls</a> </font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">by Willis Barnstone</font></li><li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-1590301999">The Gnostic Bible</a> by Willis Barnstone and Marvin W. Meyer. </font></li></ul><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>Or, better yet, befriend a Mandaean.  They need friends and you will learn far better than you would from any book.<br><br>I will be the first to confess I am no expert in ancient Mandaeism:  books and courses on the language are difficult to find and while I have read everything I could find on the subject, primary sources (Mandaean holy books) are either difficult to find in translation (usually into English or German); the translations are usually older (and do not take into account the late 20th century flowering of studies in ancient Judaism and other, sometimes neighboring, forms of Gnosticism; and books on the ideas and history of Mandaeism are relatively uncommon.  It has been difficult to assemble enough books at one time to make a sustained study of the religion, as much as I have long wished to do so.<br><br>Worse, there is a shortage of translators -- enough scholars know some or another form of Aramaic, but it is dangerous to presume that one dialect of the language is too much like another.  Specific study is important for translation. So, if you would like to help with that problem, let me recommend the following:<br><br><font size="4">(I will not even pretend to put in bookstore links for these titles, they are the sort of books that less than 50 (or sometimes 12) libraries in the world have.)</font><br><br><i>Handbook of Classical and Modern Mandaic</i> by Rudolf Macuch<br><br><i>A Mandaic Dictionary</i> by Lady E. S. Drower and Rudolf Macuch<br><br><i>Mandäische Grammatik</i> by Theodor Nöldeke<br><br>(I have never been able to get my hands on any of these books so I cannot offer an opinion about how helpful and accurate they are. That said, both Dr. Macuch and Lady </font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ethel Stefana</font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> Drower are scholars of Mandaeism and Dr. </font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nöldeke</font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> wrote a respected grammar of Syriac, another Aramaic dialect.) <br><br>There are plenty of books to read once you know the language:<br><br><i>The Thousand and Twelve Questions (Alf Trisar Suialia):  A Mandaean Text</i> by Lady E. S. Drower<br><br><i>The Mandaean Liturgical Prayer Book </i>by<i> </i>Majid Fandi Al-Mubaraki, Rbai Haithim Mahdi Saaed, and Brian Mubaraki<br><br><i>The Scroll of Exalted Kingship (Diwan Malkuta Laita)</i> by Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley<br><br><i>Diwan Abatur ... or, Progress Through the Purgatories</i> by Lady E. S. Drower<br><br><i>Das Johannesbuch der Mandäer</i> by Mark Lidzbarski (some German is inevitable at this level of scholarship)<br><br></font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><i>The Coronation of the Great Sislam, Being a Description of the Rite of the Coronation of a Mandaean Priest According to the Ancient Canon</i> by Lady E. S. Drower</font><br><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br><i>The Book of the Zodiac (Sfar Malwasia)</i> by Lady E. S. Drower<br><br></font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><i>The Haran Gawaita and the Baptism of Hibil-Ziwa; the Mandaic Text Reproduced Together with Translation, Notes and Commentary</i> by Lady E. S. Drower</font><br><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>And the best-known examples:<br><br><img src="http://images.quickblogcast.com/76661-67158/37.jpg"><div> </div><br><br></font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><i>Aramaic and Mandaic Incantation Bowls in the British Museum</i> by J. B. Segal and Erica C. D. Hunter<br>(Dr. Segal is a Syriac scholar)<br> <br></font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><i>Mandaic Incantation Texts</i> by Edwin M. Yamauchi<br>(Dr. </font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Yamauchi is a scholar of Gnosticism and the Aramaic langauge.)</font><br><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br><i>Jewish and Mandaean Incantation Bowls in the Royal Ontario Museum</i> by W. Stewart McCullough<br><br>Notice you can nearly count the translators' names on one hand -- we need more of them.<br><br>This list of books is not comprehensive.  (As I said, I have read one or another of them with gaps of years in between:  that makes me no expert, only a browser.)<br><br>The real place to find Mandaean manuscripts, however, is not online but here:  <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ouls.ox.ac.uk/bodley/home">http://www.ouls.ox.ac.uk/bodley/home</a><br><br>A final note:  do not confuse the <a target="_blank" href="http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/faithvalues/2003576055_mandaeanism17.html">Mandaeans</a> with the <a target="_blank" href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Manicheans.jpg/180px-Manicheans.jpg">Manichaeans</a>.   Manichaeism is a dead branch of ancient Gnosticism, had no fixed holy language (thus its scriptures are in a vexing number of languages), and (since its founder, Mani, grew up in - then vehemently rejected - a sect that practiced ritual immersion) did not permit its adherents to bathe in water.*  (Many Mandaean rituals require <a target="_blank" href="http://tinyurl.com/95ongr">immersion in living water</a>.)<br><br>* Most people in the Roman era cleaned themselves by rubbing themselves with oil and removing it with a sort of squeegee -- then immersing themselves in clean water.  (It's difficult to find a good picture of a strygil online.)  No one used <a target="_blank" href="http://www.smith.edu/hsc/museum/ancient_inventions/hsc07b.htm">soap</a>.<br><br>-Kushana<br><br></font> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/%7Es/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/13/on-mandaean-manuscripts" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=mYNFLpCDslk:_gsuJjKOwf0:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=mYNFLpCDslk:_gsuJjKOwf0:I9og5sOYxJI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=I9og5sOYxJI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=mYNFLpCDslk:_gsuJjKOwf0:K6F3SCn7Sig"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=K6F3SCn7Sig" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=mYNFLpCDslk:_gsuJjKOwf0:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=mYNFLpCDslk:_gsuJjKOwf0:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=mYNFLpCDslk:_gsuJjKOwf0:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=mYNFLpCDslk:_gsuJjKOwf0:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=mYNFLpCDslk:_gsuJjKOwf0:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=mYNFLpCDslk:_gsuJjKOwf0:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=mYNFLpCDslk:_gsuJjKOwf0:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=mYNFLpCDslk:_gsuJjKOwf0:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>GnosticismManichaeismMandaicLanguagesSyriacMandaeismAramaichttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/13/on-mandaean-manuscripts.aspx#Commentsde0779ef-f559-4e03-a3cd-bc5a2d80d933Wed, 14 Jan 2009 00:38:00 GMTVoyage to the Pasthttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/13/voyage-to-the-past.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<img style="border: medium none ;" src="http://images.talkr.com/images/speaker_20.gif" alt="Listen to this article" border="0"> <a href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/13/voyage-to-the-past"> Listen to this article </a><p></p> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I've been watching <a target="_blank" href="http://www.sfsite.com/07b/mw204.htm">Michael Wood</a>'s documentary on the history of India. (The book: <a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0465010257">India</a>)   I warmly recommend the episode on the <a target="_blank" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/TOAH/HD/kush/hd_kush.htm">Kushan Empire</a>:<br><br><a target="_blank" href="http://www.pbs.org/thestoryofindia/about/episode_summaries/3/">http://www.pbs.org/thestoryofindia/about/episode_summaries/3/</a><br><br><img src="http://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/emoticons/wink.png" border="0"><br><br>-Kushana</font><br> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/%7Es/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/13/voyage-to-the-past" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a 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src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:F7zBnMyn0Lo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:F7zBnMyn0Lo" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:qj6IDK7rITs"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:wF9xT3WuBAs"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:wF9xT3WuBAs" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:l6gmwiTKsz0"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=l6gmwiTKsz0" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:cGdyc7Q-1BI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=cGdyc7Q-1BI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:gIN9vFwOqvQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:gIN9vFwOqvQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:dnMXMwOfBR0"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:I9og5sOYxJI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=I9og5sOYxJI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:K6F3SCn7Sig"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=K6F3SCn7Sig" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=lXrsbR6wmGg:ECjD7NJz8PI:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>IndiaDocumentariesKushan EmpireMichael Woodhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/13/voyage-to-the-past.aspx#Comments252fdf57-91a9-4f6c-8a63-ed77457174bdTue, 13 Jan 2009 21:27:00 GMTMailbag: Thirteen Lost Books of the Biblehttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/13/mailbag--thirteen-lost-books-of-the-bible.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<a href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/13/mailbag--thirteen-lost-books-of-the-bible">Listen to this article </a><p></p> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman">My helper asked me an interesting question this evening as we were talking about other updates to this site (most unnoticeable), "Were there only 13 books left out of the Bible?"<br><br>"Eh?"  I replied, as I usually do when someone changes the subject suddenly.<br><br>I sorted out that someone had ended up at this weblog either looking for or asking about the thirteen lost books of the Bible (the Jewish part or the Christian part they did not say.)  There are far more than thirteen books 'missing' from the Bible.<br><br></font><ul><li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Books not included in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament include:  <a target="_blank" href="http://wesley.nnu.edu/biblical_studies/noncanon/pseudepigrapha.htm">this list</a> (which does not include the non-Biblical books of the <a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0140449525">Dead Sea Scrolls</a>.)</font></li><li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Books not included in the New Testament include:  <a target="_blank" href="http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/apocrypha.html">this list</a>. (which does not, for the most part, include the <a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0060523787">Nag Hammadi Library</a> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> --  or the contents of the <a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-9004057548">Bruce Codex</a>, the <a target="_blank" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=srs3AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq="Pistis+Sophia"&client=firefox-a#PPR7,M1">Askew Codex</a>, or the <a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-1426201912">Codex Tchacos</a> </font></font></li></ul><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>The agreement of what belong in scripture in both Judaism and Christianity was a slow and poorly documented process.  (For the New Testament, see the first section of this book,  </font></font> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.powells.com/partner/31957/s?isbn=978-0664218782">New Testament Apocrypha, vol. 1</a></font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">.) <br><br>No one meeting or council on any one occasion settled the matter and historians do not always know why certain things were chosen or left out.  Certainly to a non-Jew (or a non-Christian) in the ancient world the books that did and didn't end up in the Bible would probably have made equally strange reading:  most probably didn't have a great appetite for the technicalities about the attributes and ancient deeds of the Jewish God, and the idea of him having a son (like Zeus' Hercules), when the Jewish god did not dally with maidens, would have seemed strange.  The idea of a Roman province having a king (the most understandable meaning of "messiah") ... who was dead by now, anyway, and not able to reign -- and who had left throwing off the Romans to a series later of very mortal (and unsuccessful) Jewish leaders, would also probably have also sounded absurd* and uninteresting.<br><br>(Roman rulers proclaimed themselves gods, as had some Near Eastern kings since time immemorial:  a king claiming to be (or be related to) a god was not a surprise.)<br><br>*  Religions tend to think they did well, in the beginning, because of the inherent truth or good sense of their basic ideas.  As Rodney Stark points out, the spread of religion has more to do with the behavior of a faith's early adherents, whether the larger society thinks there a good sort, and with who signs up (and how quickly.) <br><br>Despite its early counter cultural messages (don't use secular courts; purloin imperial titles for Christ; do not pay attention to societal basics like nationality, gender, and class; have a disdain for marriage, childbearing, and slavery; refuse to wish the the health of the emperor and the welfare of the empire; assemble in secretive groups and pass around literature that use seditious political language, <em>etc.</em>) early Christianity quickly developed a program of asking its adherents to be good Roman citizens, separate itself from Judaism (which sponsored intermittent wars against Roman rule), and shed the persistent rumor of cannibalism at the Eucharist.  (To see some of this domestication at work read <a target="_blank" href="http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/%7Eandrew/bible/paulparts.htm">Paul's authentic letters</a> and a <a target="_blank" href="http://tinyurl.com/7jqnr2">good commentary</a> on the <a target="_blank" href="http://www.harpercollins.com/books/9780060843236/God_and_Empire/index.aspx">contemporary political implication</a> of the <a target="_blank" href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/r/rsv/rsv-idx?type=DIV1&byte=5534755">Book of Revelations</a>, then read the <a target="_blank" href="http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/%7Eandrew/bible/paulparts.htm">very last letters written in Paul's name</a>.)<br><br>That said, neither Christianity nor Judaism removed everything strange from its canon -- it is also possible that the early arbiters of scripture did not have the same range of texts in front of them that we do.  You can also read some 'missing' books of the Bible by picking up a Jewish or Catholic Bible:  you'll be able to read the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament as it was for most of history.  (This will undo the changes made by (and for) Protestants during the Protestant Reformation -- there are no changes to the New Testament, although Martin Luther famously considered that possibility.)<br><br>It is difficult to remember that things have not always been as they are:  a religion whose stories and ideas seem second nature to us (even if it was not our tradition but a neighbor's) once came to be.  Every religion changes over time, and each new religion meets with rejection, bewilderment, and negative propaganda.  (It is a common story in new religions that great numbers of people join at once or express and interest in the religion and its leader(s).  (See * above.)  This is both a form of advertisement and an an encouragement to the sales force.)<br><br>-Kushana<br><font size="3">(Note:  I am not, and I do not know Dr. Jacobs -- but his webpage on Paul's letters is a good summary.)</font><br><br></font> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/%7Es/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/13/mailbag--thirteen-lost-books-of-the-bible" charset="utf-8"></script> </font><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:bcOpcFrp8Mo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=bcOpcFrp8Mo" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:UT3xtbGYFzA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=UT3xtbGYFzA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:W9dqtTZ0I2U"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=W9dqtTZ0I2U" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:8QFB7NnbhRw"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=8QFB7NnbhRw" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:V_sGLiPBpWU"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:V_sGLiPBpWU" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:F7zBnMyn0Lo"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:F7zBnMyn0Lo" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:qj6IDK7rITs"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:wF9xT3WuBAs"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:wF9xT3WuBAs" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:l6gmwiTKsz0"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=l6gmwiTKsz0" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:cGdyc7Q-1BI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=cGdyc7Q-1BI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:gIN9vFwOqvQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:gIN9vFwOqvQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:dnMXMwOfBR0"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=dnMXMwOfBR0" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:I9og5sOYxJI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=I9og5sOYxJI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:K6F3SCn7Sig"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=K6F3SCn7Sig" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:guobEISWfyQ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:guobEISWfyQ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:3QFJfmc7Om4"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:3QFJfmc7Om4" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:7Q72WNTAKBA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=7Q72WNTAKBA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=tS_2vMNyHaU:OMNTNf71-FA:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>Bible; New Testament; Old Testament; Hebrew Bible; Books That Didn't Make It Into the Biblehttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/13/mailbag--thirteen-lost-books-of-the-bible.aspx#Comments2a7d69f1-8bc1-4b13-a63f-5d0cf0d24b31Tue, 13 Jan 2009 08:33:00 GMTNot Greek Firehttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/12/not-greek-fire.aspx?ref=rssKushana Torumekia<img style="border: medium none ;" src="http://images.talkr.com/images/speaker_20.gif" alt="Listen to this article" border="0"> <a href="http://www.talkr.com/app/fetch.app?feed_id=30480&perma_link=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/12/not-greek-fire"> Listen to this article </a><p></p> <font size="4" face="Times New Roman">An archaeological re-evaluation of a battle on the Roman-Parthian frontier reveals an ancient chemical weapon:<br><a target="_blank" href="http://www.archaeologynews.org/story.asp?ID=375688&Title=Ancient%20chemical%20warfare%20comes%20to%20light">http://www.archaeologynews.org/story.asp?ID=375688&Title=Ancient chemical warfare comes to light</a><br><br>(It isn't <a target="_blank" href="http://www.chemheritage.org/explore/milestone_greek_fire.html">Greek Fire</a> but it may provide clues to it.)<br><br>-Kushana</font><br> <script src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/%7Es/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=http://www.KushanasBibleQuestionPage.com/2009/01/12/not-greek-fire" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=jARsfptcZ64:5azoDBM5lBE:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a 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href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=jARsfptcZ64:5azoDBM5lBE:TzevzKxY174"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?d=TzevzKxY174" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?a=jARsfptcZ64:5azoDBM5lBE:LY3xAN-tBXc"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/kushanasbiblequestionpage/qlBA?i=jARsfptcZ64:5azoDBM5lBE:LY3xAN-tBXc" border="0"></img></a> </div>Chemical WarfareGreek FireArchaeologyWarhttp://kushanasbiblequestionpage.com/2009/01/12/not-greek-fire.aspx#Comments8bc772bd-dda2-44c4-9993-fe5a8c6f2dc4Mon, 12 Jan 2009 23:30:00 GMT