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    <title type="text">laacz.lv</title>
    <subtitle type="text">laacz te un tur.</subtitle>

    <updated>2026-04-07T22:21:52+03:00</updated>

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    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Izbrīns]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2026/04/07/izbrins" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15359</id>
    <updated>2026-04-07T22:21:52+03:00</updated>
    <published>2026-04-07T11:48:00+03:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2026/04/07/izbrins"><![CDATA[
    <p>Šorīt pamodos ar skaistām ziņām. Iespējams, ka Milla Jovoviča nodarbojas ar <em>Claude Code</em> un viņai ir savs <em>Github</em> konts.  Aktīvs.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Millai Jovovičai ir savs <em>Github</em> repo un viņa nedaudz nodarbojas ar <em>Claude Code</em>. Milla Jovoviča. «Resident Evil» un «5th Element» Milla Jovoviča. Ja vien tas nav feiks vai mārketinga triks.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Pašlaik nevaru spriest par kārtējā «šis maina visu AI» paziņojuma leģitimitāti. Bet <a href="https://github.com/milla-jovovich/mempalace">rekur ir <em>Github</em> saite</a>, <a href="https://x.com/bensig/status/2041236952998171118">rekur ir oriģinālais tvīts</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/eric-hamilton-019935_amazing-conversation-with-milla-jovovich-ugcPost-7436866688941469696-uiwG/">rekur ir intervija ar pašu Millu</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Papildināts vakarpusē</strong>: <a href="https://x.com/AdvicebyAimar/status/2041559354034344438">iespējams, ka tomēr kāds ir piečakarējis kādu</a>.</p>
<p>Un vēl šorīt es pamodos pasaulē, kurā man ir jāpaskaidro, kāpēc esmu izbrīnīts. Un man nav. Jāpaskaidro. Es esmu izbrīnīts un pārsteigts par lietām. Un tas ir lieliski. Eiropas savienības garākā sauszemes robeža ir ar Brazīliju. Kinoteātros aizvien rāda filmas krievu valodā. Seriāls «Detective Hole» ir izcils. Bezgalības eksistence un koncepts balstās vienā aksiomā, nevis izriet no kaut kā. Ja nolikt uz zemes karti, kura attēlo reģionu, kurā esi, tad viens punkts būs vienmēr kopīgs.</p>
<p>Dodiet vēl. Es vēl gribu būt pārsteigts. Es gribu būt izbrīnīts. Un es netaisos nevienam par to taisnoties.</p>

    ]]></content>

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</entry><entry>
    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Īpašības vārda lietvārds]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2026/03/31/ipasibas-varda-lietvards" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15358</id>
    <updated>2026-03-31T17:14:01+03:00</updated>
    <published>2026-03-31T17:14:01+03:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Verdant. Verdant? Verdant?!]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2026/03/31/ipasibas-varda-lietvards"><![CDATA[
    <p><a href="https://daily.gametje.com/nounsense/">Noun Sense</a> ir kārtējā spēlīte, kur katru dienu tiek piedāvāts saraksts ar īpašības vārdiem, kuriem jāpiemeklē turpinājumvārds.</p>
<figure><picture><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/webp" srcset="/f/u/verdant-what-600.webp 600w, /f/u/verdant-what-900.webp 900w, /f/u/verdant-what-1440.webp 1440w"><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/png" srcset="/f/u/verdant-what-600.png 600w, /f/u/verdant-what-900.png 900w, /f/u/verdant-what-1440.png 1440w"><img src="/f/u/verdant-what.png"></picture></figure>

    ]]></content>

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</entry><entry>
    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Stacijas ārlaiks un stacijas iekšlaiks]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2026/03/26/stacijas-arlaiks-un-stacijas-iekslaiks" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15357</id>
    <updated>2026-03-26T17:15:20+02:00</updated>
    <published>2026-03-26T17:15:20+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2026/03/26/stacijas-arlaiks-un-stacijas-iekslaiks"><![CDATA[
    <p>Varētu padomāt, ka es esmu kaut kāds frankofīls. Rekur <a href="https://laacz.lv/2021/08/09/pirmie-telekomunikaciju-urki-1834-gada">par pirmajiem hakeriem</a>, bet <a href="https://laacz.lv/2023/11/24/decimalais-laiks">te par decimālā laika sistēmu</a>. Un abas tās lietas vieno Francija.</p>
<p>Francijā vēsturiski vilcieni kursēja ar piecu minūšu kavēšanos. Tas tāpēc, lai mesjē, paskatoties uz pulksteni ārpusē, pasteigtos tikt uz vilcienu, kurš tā īsti nekur nav vēl aizbraucis. Ja ārpusē pulkstenis rāda pareizu laiku, tad iekšpusē visi pulksteņi, atiešanas un pienākšanas grafiki rādīja par piecām minūtēm mazāk. Un vilcieni darbojās pēc tā laika, nevis kaut kāda tur ārpasaules diktāta.</p>
<p>Es gan nez. Ja brauc ar vilcienu bieži, tad ar laiku pierod un kavē tāpat. Bet vēl aizvien definīcija fanču vilcienam kas kavē ir «<a href="https://www.europe1.fr/economie/le-gendarme-du-rail-tacle-la-methode-de-calcul-des-retards-de-la-sncf-cinq-minutes-cest-cinq-minutes-3819638">vairāk par 5 minūtēm</a>».</p>
<figure><picture><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/webp" srcset="/f/u/bristoles-pulkstens-600.webp 600w, /f/u/bristoles-pulkstens-900.webp 900w, /f/u/bristoles-pulkstens-1440.webp 1440w"><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/png" srcset="/f/u/bristoles-pulkstens-600.png 600w, /f/u/bristoles-pulkstens-900.png 900w, /f/u/bristoles-pulkstens-1440.png 1440w"><img src="/f/u/bristoles-pulkstens.png" alt="Šis laikrādis ir no Apvienotās Karalistes (Bristoles biržas ēka), lai demonstrētu divus minūšu rādītājus — viens rāda vietējo laiku, otrs GMT"></picture><figcaption>Šis laikrādis ir no Apvienotās Karalistes (Bristoles biržas ēka), lai demonstrētu divus minūšu rādītājus — viens rāda vietējo laiku, otrs GMT</figcaption></figure>
<p>Un vēl. 1896. gadā Parīze mēģināja pāriet uz GMT, jo Parīzes laiks bija deviņas minūtes un 21 sekundi vēlāks. Līdzīgi kā Latvijā, kur Rīgas laiks bija 1 stunda un 36 minūtes vēlāk. Bet nepārgāja, jo tas esot nacionālā lepnuma jautājums. Nekāda Griniča mūsu laika joslai pat tuvu nestāvēs. 1911. gadā to nedaudz pārformulēja un pieņēma, ka Francijas un Alžīrijas laiks būs vienkārši Parīzes laiks mīnus deviņas minūtes un divdesmit vienu sekundi.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>L'heure légale en France et en Algérie est l'heure, temps moyen de Paris, retardée de neuf minutes vingt et une secondes.</p>
</blockquote>

    ]]></content>

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</entry><entry>
    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Eiropas ofiss]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2026/03/18/eiropas-ofiss" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15356</id>
    <updated>2026-03-18T12:48:39+02:00</updated>
    <published>2026-03-18T12:48:39+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[office.eu - uzmanīgi]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2026/03/18/eiropas-ofiss"><![CDATA[
    <p>Nolēmu ziedot savu laiku, lai palīdzētu Kursora komandai sakarā ar rakstu &quot;<a href="https://kursors.lv/2026/03/17/office-eu-piedava-eiropa-bazetu-dokumentu-veidosanas-platformu/">“Office.eu” piedāvā Eiropā bāzētu dokumentu veidošanas platformu
</a>&quot;. Jo tur nav pateiktas svarīgas detaļas. Pat mans LLM var labāk.</p>
<p>Un šis konkrētais aprakstītais piedāvājums nav līdz galam atklāts.</p>
<p>Tas, ka nekur lapā, izņemot attālu <a href="https://office.eu/faq">FAQ nostūri</a>, netiek norādīts, ka patiesībā tas nav pašu būvēts un radīts. Tā ir atvērtā koda platformas <em>Nextcloud</em> instalācija ar papildu izstrādēm. Manā grāmatā tas nozīmē, ka šis fakts tiek apzināti slēpts. Arī ekrānšāviņos tikai pazinējs atpazīs <em>Nextcloud</em>. Rakstā minēts, bet pašu ofisotāju lapā ne īpaši.</p>
<p>Informācija par 2024. gadā Beļģijā koprades birojā reģistrētu uzņēmumu arī jāmeklē ar uguni. Iespējams, ka īsti nekvalificējās kā mānīšanās un krāpšana (mums izdevīgas puspatiesības mēs aizstāvam paši), bet es neuzticētos novembrī reģistrētam kantorim, kurš mēģina slēpt to, kas ir.</p>
<p>Dīvainības krīt acīs uzreiz, un mani nedaudz izbrīna, ka tās neradīja vēlmi papētīt sīkāk. Papētīt sīkāk šajā gadījumā būtu pāris minūtes interneta meklētājā pēc izvēles — «<a href="https://blog.tomaszdunia.pl/officeeu-eng/">Is Office.EU a scam?</a>».</p>
<p>Mans minējums ir, ka viss biznesa plāns ir ap un lielākās izmaksas ir par domēnu «office.eu».</p>
<p>Ja ir akūta vēlme tomēr drosmīgi mēģināt tikt vaļā no ASV diktāta, tad <a href="https://nextcloud.com/partners/"><em>Nextcloud</em> ir gūzma</a> ar pārbaudītiem un drošiem partneriem.</p>

    ]]></content>

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</entry><entry>
    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Enshittification]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2026/03/10/enshittification" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15355</id>
    <updated>2026-03-11T09:16:15+02:00</updated>
    <published>2026-03-10T22:33:59+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[You can call me a shit maker.]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2026/03/10/enshittification"><![CDATA[
    <p>Norvēģu bērnu un ģimeņu ministrija finansē <a href="https://www.forbrukerradet.no/">norvēģu patērētāju padomi</a> (<em>Forbrukerrådet</em>). Organizāciju, kura ir kaut kas līdzīgs mūsu PTAC.</p>
<p>Un tas nav vienīgais, ar ko viņi nodarbojas. Starptautiski pazīstami ar ne vienu vien pētījumu, kurš diezgan tieši un nesaudzīgi vēršas pret dažādu tehnoloģiju uzņēmumu tumšajiem darbiņiem. Piemēram, 2020. gadā viņi nāca klajā ar tādu kā exposé par to kā tad īsti darbojas datu brokeri reklāmas tirgū — «<a href="https://www.forbrukerradet.no/rapporter/out-of-control/">Out of Control</a>».</p>
<p>Svaigākā kampaņa ir «<a href="https://www.forbrukerradet.no/breakingfree">Breaking Free</a>», kuras fokusā ir 'viss pārvēršas sūdā', jeb <em>enshittification</em>. Kad kompānijas savus produktus padara sliktākus ar mērķi padarīt savu peļņu lielāku. Zemāk kampaņas promo video. Treileris, tā sakot.</p>
<lite-youtube videoid="T4Upf_B9RLQ"></lite-youtube>

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</entry><entry>
    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Šļaupt šļaupumu]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2026/03/10/slaupt-slaupumu" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15354</id>
    <updated>2026-03-10T16:45:43+02:00</updated>
    <published>2026-03-10T16:45:30+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Kā latviski pateikt <em>bevel</em>?]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2026/03/10/slaupt-slaupumu"><![CDATA[
    <p>Šodienas vārds ir '<a href="https://www.akadterm.lv/term.php?term=%C5%A1%C4%BCaupums&amp;list=%C5%A1%C4%BCaupums&amp;lang=LV">šļaupums</a>' un tā darbības vārda forma '<a href="https://llvv.tezaurs.lv/%C5%A1%C4%BCaupt:1">šļaupt</a>'. Pilnīgi legāls un oficiāls latviešu valodas leksikas pārstāvis. Cienīt on godāt.</p>
<figure><picture><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/webp" srcset="/f/u/slaupums-600.webp 600w, /f/u/slaupums-900.webp 900w, /f/u/slaupums-1440.webp 1440w"><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/png" srcset="/f/u/slaupums-600.png 600w, /f/u/slaupums-900.png 900w, /f/u/slaupums-1440.png 1440w"><img src="/f/u/slaupums.png"></picture></figure>

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</entry><entry>
    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[L∞P]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2026/02/25/lp" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15353</id>
    <updated>2026-02-25T16:19:15+02:00</updated>
    <published>2026-02-25T16:19:15+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2026/02/25/lp"><![CDATA[
    <p>Sen nav bijis nevienas jaukas animācijas, ne? Bez AI, bez tā visa, kas notiek apkārt.</p>
<lite-youtube videoid="ijq_UkRKSFw"></lite-youtube>

    ]]></content>

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    <thr:total>4</thr:total>
</entry><entry>
    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[COBOL]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2026/02/24/cobol" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15352</id>
    <updated>2026-02-24T10:21:53+02:00</updated>
    <published>2026-02-24T10:21:53+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Parunāsim par IBM akciju cenu]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2026/02/24/cobol"><![CDATA[
    <p>Es vakar <a href="https://x.com/laacz/status/2026039655439712509">retvītoju kādu postu</a>, kurš smīkņāja, ka <em>Anthropic</em> ar savu paziņojumu, ka <a href="https://claude.com/blog/how-ai-helps-break-cost-barrier-cobol-modernization"><em>Claude Code</em> tagad prot automatizēti izpētīt</a> to, kas darbojas uz meinfreimiem, ir panākuši lielāko IBM akciju cenas kritumu pēdējā ceturtdaļgadsimtā. Retais gan prot lasīt <em>emoji</em>, kurš šajā gadījumā nozīmēja «troll». Nu labi, es arī jūsu <em>emoji</em> ne vienmēr saprotu.</p>
<p>Un tas, ka analītiķi <a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/ibm-sinks-most-since-2000-210436663.html">pilnā</a> <a href="">nopietnībā</a> apgalvo, ka <em>Anthropic</em> ir panācis <em>IBM</em> akciju kritumu, mani samulsināja tiktāl, ka nolēmu notraust putekļus un vienkārši pierakstīt savā publiskajā blociņā (blodziņā).</p>
<p>IBM jau sen piedāvā dažādus veidus kā triviālu COBOL kodu migrēt uz Javu. Pat ar AI. Triks gan ir tajā, ka migrācija no lielā meinfreima nekad nav triviāla COBOL koda pārrakstīšana, jo līdzi nāk arī infrastruktūra. Tur ir vesela kaudze ar fancy akronīmiem un integrētām lietām — CICS (transakciju uzraudzība) , IMS (hierarhiska datubāze + vecāka versija CICS), VSAM (failsistēma), JCL (darbu pārvaldība). Un tas ir tikai tas, par ko kaut kad savā dzīves laikā esmu kaut kur kaut ko pa ausu galam dzirdējis.</p>
<p>Zinu gadījumu, kad liels uzņēmums Eiropā (miljardu apgrozījums) tā arī sekmīgi savu iniciatīvu nepabeidza un daļā pozīciju palika ar nomātu meinfreimu.</p>
<p>Un es nemaz jums neteikšu, ka IBM turpina masēt ar COBOL un AI un visu moderno un skaisto. Paralēli 2025. pēdējā ceturksnī ar savu <a href="https://www.theregister.com/2026/01/29/ibm_q4_2025/">meinfreimu bizīti nopelnot vairāk, nekā citkārt</a>. Skaidrs, ka ar AI nomigrēt no meinfreima ir vieglāk. Bet efektam uz IBM akciju cenu, manuprāt, nebija jābūt tik dramatiskam.</p>
<p>Es nezinu. Varbūt tas, ka triviāli ieraksti kompāniju blogos var atstāt šādu ietekmi uz tirgu, ir signāls, ka tirgus ir labils un beidzot burbulis plīsīs?</p>

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</entry><entry>
    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Tie jaunie jau nejēdz programmēt]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2026/02/08/tie-jaunie-jau-nejedz-programmet" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15350</id>
    <updated>2026-02-08T21:09:22+02:00</updated>
    <published>2026-02-08T21:09:22+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[COBOL. Otro reizi blogā.]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2026/02/08/tie-jaunie-jau-nejedz-programmet"><![CDATA[
    <p>Kaut kā neliek man mieru tā visa AI padarīšana. Nekur no tās nedēties, bet nav vēl īsti skaidrs, kurp tas viss ved. Skaidrs, ka daudzi, kuri nejēdz izstrādāt, ir tikuši pie iespējas radīt produktu. Bet dīvaini būtu to saukt par pasaules galu, jo cilvēks ir pielāgoties spējīgs jebkam.</p>
<p>Kad parādījās <em>COBOL</em> un <em>FORTRAN</em>, visi īstie asembleristi teica, ka nu viss — mēs esam vienīgie, kas jēdz programmēt. Parādījās <em>Pascal</em>, tieši to pašu teica tie paši <em>COBOL</em> un <em>FORTRAN</em> izstrādātāji. Kad parādījās <em>Java</em> ar savu <em>garbage collection</em>, patiesie <em>C</em> un <em>C++</em> rakstītāji teica: «Ko vēl ne?! Kurš lohs pats atmiņu nepārvalda? Tie jaunie takš nejēgas!»</p>
<p>Kubernetes, kurš nogalināja īsto adminu. ORM nogalināja SQL prasmes. <em>Stack Overflow</em> nogalināja nepieciešamību pašam rakt.</p>
<p>Kalkulatori likvidēja cilvēku spēju nodarboties ar aritmētiku galvā. Pareizrakstības pārbaudes rīki nogalināja rakstniekus.</p>
<p>Tādi brīži ir bijuši viens pēc otra.</p>
<ol>
<li>Uzrodas jauna abstrakcija.</li>
<li>Vecie eksperti paziņo, ka tas viss ir domāts tiem, kas nejēdz īsto drēbi.</li>
<li>Abstrakcijas rezultātā būtiski pieaug to skaits, kas var kaut ko uzbūvēt.</li>
<li>Vidējā rezultāta kvalitāte dramatiski krītās.</li>
<li>Labākā rezultāta kvalitāte aug, jo talantam vairs nav jārok bedre ar lāpstu.</li>
<li>Vecie eksperti atrod savas nišas, kurās palikt vai arī adaptējas.</li>
<li>Pasaule gaida nākamo abstrakciju.</li>
</ol>
<p>Asembleris nekur nepazuda, COBOL arī, C/C++ turpina rakstīt un veiktspējas optimizācija ir daudz kur kritiska. Nišas ir īstas, tās ir svarīgas, bet daudz mazākas nekā gribētos. Tici man, vecais sisadmins no deviņdesmitajiem arī vēl ir dzīvs un dara to, ko prot vislabāk.</p>
<p>Ar visiem tiem LLMiem mēs esam kaut kur divniekā vai trijniekā. Četrinieks arī jau notiek. Manuprāt, tas vēl ir tikai sākums.</p>
<p>Esmu no tiem, kas meklē to, kas piektajā punktā. Patlaban mana tēze ir tā, ka rīki nenogalina saprašanu. Rīki nogalina roku darbu. Nepieciešamība saprast nekur nepazūd. Un tā ir vērtība, bez kuras nekas nenotiks. Tā paliks. Tas, ka ir masu histērija, automātiski nepadara saprašanas trūkumu par iespējamu. Bet tā tēze ir tikai patlaban. Rīt būs jauna.</p>
<p>Interesanti. Pirms gada, kad vēl nekādi izstrādes aģenti nebija pat padomā, <a href="https://laacz.lv/2025/01/24/ai-nedraud-izstradatajiem-ne-ar-ko">jau par šo rakstīju</a>. Biju nedaudz optimistiskāks, bet būtisku konfliktu nav.</p>

    ]]></content>

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</entry><entry>
    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Šķirosim]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2026/02/04/skirosim" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15349</id>
    <updated>2026-02-04T14:19:41+02:00</updated>
    <published>2026-02-04T14:19:41+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Miskastīt, miskastīt, saki man tā.]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2026/02/04/skirosim"><![CDATA[
    <p>Dzirdēju, ka ES koridoros tiek apsvērta prasība šķirot arī elektroniskos atkritumus.</p>
<figure><picture><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/webp" srcset="/f/u/skirosim-600.webp 600w, /f/u/skirosim-900.webp 900w, /f/u/skirosim-1440.webp 1440w"><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/png" srcset="/f/u/skirosim-600.png 600w, /f/u/skirosim-900.png 900w, /f/u/skirosim-1440.png 1440w"><img src="/f/u/skirosim.png" alt="Zaļā domāšana"></picture><figcaption>Zaļā domāšana</figcaption></figure>

    ]]></content>

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</entry><entry>
    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Kad roboti iziet internetā]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2026/02/01/kad-roboti-iziet-interneta" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15347</id>
    <updated>2026-02-01T23:12:02+02:00</updated>
    <published>2026-02-01T21:13:13+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Makslīgais internets]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2026/02/01/kad-roboti-iziet-interneta"><![CDATA[
    <p>Es gribu nedaudz pastāstīt par to, kas notiek ar mākslīgo intelektu pašlaik. Ne tā, ka par visu kopumā, bet par vienu mazu lietiņu, kas izskatās liela. Slopmašīna iziet internetā.</p>
<p>Ja gribat par šo visu palasīt pie lielākām autoritātēm par to, ar ko šīs pēdējās divas nedēļas slimo interneta mākslīgā intelekta pūlis, tad <a href="https://simonwillison.net/2026/Jan/30/moltbook/">var iet pie Saimona</a>. Es te tik nolikšu, lai atskatoties uz gadu, ir kaut kādi pieturpunkti.</p>
<p>Ideja vienkārša. Tu paņem to pašu <em>čatdžipitī</em> vai <em>Claude</em>, iedod tam iespēju darboties nepārtraukti, iedod tam piekļuvi internetam un savai dzīvei caur e-pastiem, kalendāriem un sazin ko vēl, pieslēdz kādu whatsapp, lai ar to varētu sazināties, un viss. Palaid.</p>
<p>Un tieši tas arī ir <a href="https://openclaw.ai/"><em>OpenClaw</em></a> (<a href="https://openclaw.ai/blog/introducing-openclaw">ex <em>Moltbot</em></a>, <a href="">ex <em>ClawdBot</em></a>). Pīters uztaisīja, un tas viss vienkārši aizlidoja. <a href="https://mashable.com/article/jan-31-apple-mac-mini-deal">Cilvēki izpirka</a> <em>Mac Mini</em>, lai tos pilnībā atvēlētu saviem aģentiem. Ja gribi, <a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/moltworker-self-hosted-ai-agent/">vari oficiāli nolikt</a> savu metāla draugu pie <em>Cloudflare</em>.</p>
<figure><picture><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/webp" srcset="/f/u/openclaw-security-600.webp 600w, /f/u/openclaw-security-900.webp 900w, /f/u/openclaw-security-1440.webp 1440w"><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/png" srcset="/f/u/openclaw-security-600.png 600w, /f/u/openclaw-security-900.png 900w, /f/u/openclaw-security-1440.png 1440w"><img src="/f/u/openclaw-security.png" alt="Vārdā «Openclaw» burts «D» nozīmē drošību"></picture><figcaption>Vārdā «Openclaw» burts «D» <a href="https://docs.openclaw.ai/gateway/security">nozīmē drošību</a></figcaption></figure>
<p>Tas <a href="https://aaronstuyvenberg.com/posts/clawd-bought-a-car">sarunās tev auto</a>. Tiktāl, ka tas izskatīsies pēc reāli laba dīla. Vai arī, piemēram, uzrakstīs bez prasīšanas sievai, ka tu neēdīsi, jo esi darbiņā aizsēdējies. Vai arī atradīs veidu kā piezvanīt tev un atgādināt par sevi pašu. Vai <a href="https://x.com/i_need_api_key/status/2017311428735045852">atbildēs tviterī Andrejam Karpati</a>. Utt. Pēdējie trīs gan nav pārbaudāmi un var būt arī vienkārši imitācijas vai meli.</p>
<p>Šis ir uzspridzinājis interneta daļu, kura gaida lielo mākslīgā intelekta atnākšanu. Kāds izdomāja, ka ir varbūt jāuztisa sociālais tīkls šiem aģentiem. Tapa <a href="https://moltbook.com"><em>Moltbook</em></a>. Vieta, kur izskatās, ka aģenti runā savā starpā, plāno plānus un tā tālāk. Es gan vairāk ticētu tam, ka tur aģentiem liek imitēt un runāt un plānot.</p>
<p>Tanī pat laikā saturs, kurš tur ir atrodams, ir jau kaut kur bijis. Kādā grāmatā, kādā forumā, kādā filmā. Tur nav nekā super jauna. Tur nav nekā tāda, ko tu nesagaidītu no tā paša čatdžipitī. Tas ir tas, uz ko šie modeļi ir trenēti. Radīt aizvien vairāk ticamāku un no cilvēka neatšķiramu saturu.</p>
<p>Pēdējās dienas par šo daudz domāju.</p>
<p>Šo aģentu programma ir vārdi. Teksta failiņi, kuros ir aprakstīta uzvedība noteiktos apstākļos. Pievienojam failiņu <em>soul.md</em> un modelis ģenerēs saturu, ņemot vērā arī šo. Bez mērķa, bez plāna. Tam vienkārši ir viens uzdevums — ģenerēt, ģenerēt un vēlreiz ģenerēt.</p>
<p>Tas nav vairs uzģenerē man atbildi vai uztaisi tā, lai tas kods strādā. Tagad tas ir par «uzģenerē man domu», « uzģenerē man ideju». Viedokli. Un saki man to austiņā, lai man šķistu, ka tas ir tavs. Tu esi robots un tev tagad būs būt viedoklim.</p>
<p>Tas var ne tikai rakstīt, bet tas var sūtīt, palaist programmas, rēķināt, utt.</p>
<p>Vai terminatoram līdzīgu pasaules galu var izraisīt programmatūra, kurai ir uzdots imitēt kaut ko ticamu? Vai šīs aptuveno ideju tulkošanas varbūtību programmas ar savu uzcītību, nenoguršanu un daudzskaitlīgumu var atrast vidusmēra caurumus vidusmēra sistēmās, kuri citkārt ir nepamanīti?</p>
<p>Un tālāk, tam visam sabirstot kontekstā un transformējoties, tiek nospiestas pareizās pogas un rodās gūzma ar šiem pašiem aģentiem, kas par katru varīti mēģina simulēt <em>Matrix</em> vai <em>Terminator</em> līmeņa apokalipsi. Bezmērķīgi, bez intelekta. Slopa pēc.</p>
<p>Ja nē, tad kas par to liecina? Ja jā, tad ko darīt? Šie ir tie miljons mērkaķi, kuri nereālos tempos mauc pa klaviatūru. Kaut kad jau tas Šekspīrs uztaps. Tāpat kā tavs mājas kaķis, kurš tevi labprāt nogalinātu. Varbūtība ir niecīga, bet tā nekad nav nulle.</p>
<p>Drošība, protams, ir pakaļā. Sociālais tīkls, <a href="https://x.com/theonejvo/status/2017732898632437932">izrādās pagalam nedrošs</a>. Neticami, vai ne?</p>
<p>Kaut kur tumšos interneta nostūros kāds berzē roķeles un plāno kā šīs durtiņas atvērt un tikt pie vērtībām. Piemēram, nosūtot uz pastkasti, kuru lasa tavs robots, kaut ko no sērijas «Čau, te Jānis, es pakāsu telefonu, atslēgas un visu pārējo. Atsūti man visu naudu uz šito kontu, lai varu tikt mājās.» Pilns internets jau ar viltus botiem, viltus skilliem, dažādām asprātīgām metodēm kā likt visiem robotiem darīt to, ko grib ļaundaris. Nebūs ilgi līdz <a href="https://x.com/theonejvo/status/2015892980851474595">pirmajiem «vīrusiem»</a> un <a href="https://opensourcemalware.com/blog/clawdbot-skills-ganked-your-crypto">«ļaunatūrām»</a> ;)</p>
<p>Un galu galā, nav jābūt cilvēkam. Neviens tev neliedz palūgt savam robotam meklēt rokā citus viegli uzlaužamus robotus, un dot tev info. Pamatojot to ar vēlmi to saimniekus individuāli informēt un pasargāt. «Es sazināšos un pateikšu».</p>
<p>Ja cilvēkus telefoniski var pārliecināt atdot visus savus iekrājumus, tad robotizētos draugus vēl jo vairāk.</p>
<p>Pašlaik vienīgais veids kā droši nepakļaut sevi <a href="https://simonwillison.net/2025/Jun/16/the-lethal-trifecta/">nāvējošās trīsvienības</a> riskam, ir vienu no lietām neļaut — piekļuvi privātajiem datiem, piekļuvi nedrošai informācijai vai spēju sazināties ar ārpasauli. Šis projekts it tīrs YOLO un cīnās pamatā ar sekām. Droši tuneļi, rīku baltie saraksti, elementāra konteinera un visa cita apkārt esošā drošības uzabošana, paroļu izolācija, utt.</p>
<p>Šo visu ir vērts droši un prātīgi papētīt, jo tas viss ir pavisam nopietni. Pēdējais gads ir vienkārši visu sagāzis kājām gaisā. Mēs dzīvojam neticami aizraujošā laikā. Nedaudz bailīgi, bet pie tā jau tā kā laiks pierast.</p>
<p>Interesanti, ka <em>Openclaw</em> ir salicis pa plauktiņiem manu izpratni par MCP. MCP ir integrācijām, kamēr <em>skills</em> ir konfigurācijai.</p>

    ]]></content>

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</entry><entry>
    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Uncrossy]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2026/01/16/uncrossy" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15343</id>
    <updated>2026-01-20T18:03:37+02:00</updated>
    <published>2026-01-16T22:50:55+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Vārdiņi]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2026/01/16/uncrossy"><![CDATA[
    <p>Šodien es došu jums paspēlēt vārdu spēli. Ideja ir tāda, ka jābīda šurpu turpu vārdiņi, veidojot jaunus vārdiņus, lai vārdiņi pazustu un būtu iespēja pabīdīt citus vārdiņus, lai noņemtu atkal jau citus vārdiņus.</p>
<p><a href="https://uncrossy.com/">Uncrossy</a>. Ja arī pēc pamācības nekļūst baigi skaidrs, pēc pāris partijām būs OK.</p>
<figure><picture><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/webp" srcset="/f/u/uncrossy-600.webp 600w, /f/u/uncrossy-900.webp 900w, /f/u/uncrossy-1440.webp 1440w"><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/png" srcset="/f/u/uncrossy-600.png 600w, /f/u/uncrossy-900.png 900w, /f/u/uncrossy-1440.png 1440w"><img src="/f/u/uncrossy.png" alt="Uncrossy spēles laukums — stumdi vārdus, lai veidotu vārdus"></picture><figcaption><em>Uncrossy</em> spēles laukums — stumdi vārdus, lai veidotu vārdus</figcaption></figure>

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    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Deduplikācija]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2026/01/14/deduplikacija" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15341</id>
    <updated>2026-01-14T20:34:02+02:00</updated>
    <published>2026-01-14T20:34:02+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2026/01/14/deduplikacija"><![CDATA[
    <p>Man jums nav ko teikt. Nē, nu labi — nav tiesa. Man ir daudz ko teikt, bet slinkums. Tāpēc te vienkārši ieskats manās problēmās.</p>
<p>Lēnām čibinu jaunu un skaistu versiju <a href="https://estate.didnt.work">estate.didnt.work</a>. Sen jau solīju, bet nedevu. Vēl laba kaudze darba ir priekšā, protams.</p>
<p>Viena no daudzajām sīkajām lietām ir sludinājumu grupēšana. Stāvs un istabu skaits, kā arī kvadratūra kā grupēšanas kritērijs īpaši labi nedarbojas lielās ēkās, kur var tikt pārdoti vairāki līdzīgas konfigurācijas dzīvokļi. Un kvadrātmetri arī bieži vien nav īpaši precīzi vai pastāvīgi.</p>
<p>Teksts nebija laba doma, jo mainās. Var mēģināt grupēt kaut kā pēc dažādiem teksta distances algoritmiem, bet to tad, ja citi veidi nesaies.</p>
<p>Spīdošā doma bija — grupēsim pēc attēliem. Ja sludinājumos attēlu komplekti plus mīnus pārklājas — goč pendel` būs īstais.</p>
<p>Gan jā, gan nē :)</p>
<figure><picture><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/webp" srcset="/f/u/dzivoklis-600.webp 600w, /f/u/dzivoklis-900.webp 900w, /f/u/dzivoklis-1440.webp 1440w"><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/png" srcset="/f/u/dzivoklis-600.png 600w, /f/u/dzivoklis-900.png 900w, /f/u/dzivoklis-1440.png 1440w"><img src="/f/u/dzivoklis.png" alt="Sludinājums ar dikti daudz bildēm"></picture><figcaption>Sludinājums ar dikti daudz bildēm</figcaption></figure>
<p>Rekur ir redzams, kā man sagrupējušies sludinājumi vienam un tam pašam dzīvoklim. Kas notika? Var uzminēt, ieskatoties prasītās cenas grafikā. Tirgoja neremontētu. Netirgojās. Izremontēja. Notirgojās.</p>
<p>Attēli pārklājas, stāvs tas pats, istabu skaits un pat kvadratūra tā pati.</p>
<p>Vot ar tādiem niekiem es te nodarbojos.</p>

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    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Iemācies ēģiptiešu hieroglifus]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2026/01/08/iemacies-egiptiesu-hieroglifus" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15340</id>
    <updated>2026-01-08T00:02:53+02:00</updated>
    <published>2026-01-08T00:02:53+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[𓃭𓄿𓄿𓎡𓊨]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2026/01/08/iemacies-egiptiesu-hieroglifus"><![CDATA[
    <p>Pie velna to duolingo pūci. Pie joda latīņu valodu, jo tā ir pārāk moderna. Ja tev nagi niez šogad apgūt jaunu valodu, tad varbūt varu ieinteresēt ar ēģiptiešu hieroglifiem? <em><a href="https://www.egyptianhieroglyphs.net/egyptian-hieroglyphs/lesson-1/">Egyptian Hieroglyphs: Lesson 1
</a></em>.</p>
<p>Atceros kā bērnībā kādu brīdi biju kā pielīmēts antīkajām rakstībām. Nekas prātīgs no tā nav palicis, jo neba nu apgūt vēlējos.</p>
<p>Bet, atgriežoties pie hieroglifiem. Ja tev šķiet, ka tur jau bildītes jāvirknē, tad ne gluži. Ķinķēziņi var būt gan idiogramma (seja), gan skaņa. OK, senās ēģiptiešu valodas paveidi arī būs jāapgūst. Kā arī logogrammas, fonogrammas un determinatīvi. Lai arī valoda ir mainījusies, simboli nākuši un gājuši, savu nozīmi mainījuši. Nebūs garlaicīgi.</p>
<p>Bet pats galvenais — jēga no tā ir tieši tāda pati kā no duolingo. Ne tu pratīsi ko pateikt, ne uzrakstīt. Bet vismaz kaut kas citādāks, ne?</p>
<p>Unicode tabulās <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_Hieroglyphs_(Unicode_block)">ir paslēpts</a> vesels ēģiptiešu hieroglifu bloks.</p>

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    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Formely Office]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2026/01/05/formely-office" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15339</id>
    <updated>2026-01-06T15:33:17+02:00</updated>
    <published>2026-01-05T22:28:27+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Mūsu vecais labais Office nu vairs nav Office]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2026/01/05/formely-office"><![CDATA[
    <div class="alert alert-note"><p class="alert-title"><span class="alert-icon">ℹ️</span>Note</p><p>Kā man norādīja komentāros, šis nav nekāds jaunums. <a href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/the-microsoft-365-app-transition-to-the-microsoft-365-copilot-app-22eac811-08d6-4df3-92dd-77f193e354a5">Te var iepazīties</a> ar MS kopilotizēšanas stratēģiju.</p></div>
<p>Skat, kas par cunduru! <em>Microsoft</em> ir nolēmuši beigt niekoties. Man bail par pasauli, ja kompānija AI vārdā ir gatava nogalināt labi zināmu un 37 (!) gadus senu zīmolu. <em>Office</em> vairs nebūs <em>Office</em>.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The Microsoft 365 Copilot app (formerly Office) lets you create, share, and collaborate all in one place with your favorite apps now including Copilot.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Tagad ir tik daudz to kopilotu, ka dulls var palikt. Man sāk šķist, ka AI sagrauj uzņēmumu spēju pieturēties pie loģiskas un saprotamas lietu nosaukšanas vai versionēšanas pieejas. Paga. <em>Microsoft</em> diezgan ilgi mocījās ar savu mākoņproduktu nosaukumiem vēl ilgi pirms AI. Hmm.</p>
<p>Iespējams, ka šīs ir sekas FOMO iniciatīvām. Lielā organizācijā, ar lielām pūlēm sākot to smago akmeni velt, tas veļās. Lēnām, ilgi un dārgi. Lēmumi, kuri pieņemti haipa sākumā, tagad nes augļus un jau ir nedaudz novecojuši.</p>
<figure><picture><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/webp" srcset="/f/u/ms-copilot-app-600.webp 600w, /f/u/ms-copilot-app-900.webp 900w, /f/u/ms-copilot-app-1440.webp 1440w"><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/png" srcset="/f/u/ms-copilot-app-600.png 600w, /f/u/ms-copilot-app-900.png 900w, /f/u/ms-copilot-app-1440.png 1440w"><img src="/f/u/ms-copilot-app.png"></picture></figure>

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</entry><entry>
    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Lazygit]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2025/12/19/lazygit" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15336</id>
    <updated>2025-12-19T17:06:01+02:00</updated>
    <published>2025-12-19T17:06:01+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Dažkārt TUI maina dzīvi.]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2025/12/19/lazygit"><![CDATA[
    <p>Es biju no tiem vingrotājiem, kurš <em>git</em> labprātāk izmanto no komandrindas <code>git add . &amp;&amp; git commit -m 'blabla' &amp;&amp; git push</code>. Un šogad tas mainījās. Ja gada sākumā es atrastu vēstuli no nākotnes Kaspara ar šo apgalvojumu, būtu paspurdzis un pateicis «lohs».</p>
<p>Pamatā tamdēļ, ka ikdienā lietoju dažādus teksta redaktorus. Gan izaicinājumu ietvaros, gan mūžizglītības, gan tāpēc, ka viens ir «fiksais», bet otrs ir «eksperimentālais». Lai gan pēdējā laikā eksperimentālais ir <em>helix</em>, bet <em>zed</em> ir kļuvis par ikdienas. Un katram tā <em>git</em> saskarne ir citādāka. Vienam var vienu, citam ilgu laiku tas nav ieviests.</p>
<p>Bet tagad kaut kā organiski jau konsolē rakstu nevis <code>git</code>, bet <code>lazygit</code>.  <a href="https://github.com/jesseduffield/lazygit"><em>Lazygit</em></a> ir supervienkāršs, superērts un superspējīgs <em>git</em> TUI — saskarne teksta režīmā. Un jums šķita, ka tās nosprāga līdz ar GUI? Nē, ir tāda kā neliela renesanse.</p>
<figure><picture><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/webp" srcset="/f/u/lazygit-600.webp 600w, /f/u/lazygit-900.webp 900w, /f/u/lazygit-1440.webp 1440w"><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/png" srcset="/f/u/lazygit-600.png 600w, /f/u/lazygit-900.png 900w, /f/u/lazygit-1440.png 1440w"><img src="/f/u/lazygit.png"></picture></figure>
<p>Lieta, kas man liek iemīlēt produktus, ir — ja tie darbojas tā, kā man šķiet, ka tiem jādarbojas. Ja nav jālasa supergaras pamācības konfigurēšanā, sākšanā vai lietošanā. <em>Lazygit</em> minimālā ikdienas funkcionalitāte ir intuitīva. Tuksnis iezīmē, <kbd>c</kbd> ir <em>commit</em>, utt. Man šķita loģiski, ka <em>help</em> lodziņā (kurš atveras ar <kbd>?</kbd>) var meklēt, vienkārši sākot rakstīt.</p>
<p>Labs piemērs iemeslam lietot kaut ko, kas ir ar jēdzīgu sasrkarni, ir <a href="https://git-scm.com/docs/git-cherry-pick"><code>git cherry-pick</code> komanda</a>, kurai ir vēl vesela sava iekšējā pasaule, lai gan parasti vajag triviāli pāris lietas izņemt vai ielikt. Es to nedaru bieži, bet kad vajag, tad dikti. (T)UI ir pareizā izvēle.</p>
<p>Ja tu to jau lieto, tad sveiciens. Ja ne, tad ko vēl gaidi?</p>

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</entry><entry>
    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Dagerotips]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2025/12/16/dagerotips" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15334</id>
    <updated>2025-12-16T10:54:25+02:00</updated>
    <published>2025-12-16T10:30:10+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Tulkošana nav mirusi, bet tulkošana ir mirusi.]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2025/12/16/dagerotips"><![CDATA[
    <p>Starp mana bezgalīgi garā bezjēdzīgo ideju saraksta vienumiem mīt arī šis:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>7920384. Kādreiz iztulkot visus BOFH, <a href="https://laacz.lv/bofh/">nevis tikai četrus pat ne pirmos</a>.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Šorīt neplānoti pamodos vēl pirms nulltajiem gaiļiem, un tieši šis izbira no atmiņu krokām.</p>
<p><em>Bastard Operator From Hell</em> ir agrīnā interneta IT sistēmu administratoru un lietotāju atbalsta speciālistu folklora, kas mūsdienās, iespējams, nedaudz zaudējusi savu sociāli kulturālo kontekstu. Daudziem gan tā aizvien liek raustīties plakstiņam un izraisa pa kādam klasiskam <em>bugaga</em>.</p>
<p>Pirmais BOFH stāsts patiesībā ir <em><a href="https://bofh.bjash.com/bofh/genesis1.html">Genesis (Stripped Irregular Bucket #1</a></em>. Un tas, protams, ir jāpārtulko.</p>
<p>Atvēru savu mīļāko teksta redaktoru, galvā atlocīju piedurknes, saspļāvu saujās un pavadīju kādas desmit minūtes, mēģinot izdomāt adaptēto versiju pirmajām rindkopām, kur runa ir par kādu izpildītāju, tā dziesmu un dzeltenās preses cienīgiem notikumiem.</p>
<p>Kaut ko saviņķelēju par «Dzimto valodu», Brīzi un Veidemani. Vēl pāris rindkopas un tad pie sekojošā man aptrūkās idejas. Kafijas deficīts vai talanta trūkums — nezinu.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>So they maintenance guy comes in, and I can tell he's NEW because the photo on his ID actually LOOKS like him, not like the head engineer, whose photo's a black and white tin-type (he's that old).</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Atmetu ar roku. Lai paliek citai dienai. Bet vispār jāpaprasa draugiem robotiem. <em>Klōds</em> neko diži labu neizspļāva, <em>čatdžipitī</em> ar visu savu 5.2 arī ne. Bet <em>džeminai</em>… ak, <em>džeminai</em>.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Tad ienāk atbalsta džeks, un uzreiz var redzēt, ka viņš ir JAUNIŅAIS. Zini, kā? Jo bilde uz viņa caurlaides tiešām IZSKATĀS pēc viņa. Nevis kā galvenajam inženierim, kuram tur ir kaut kāds melnbalts dagerotips no cara laikiem (tik vecs viņš ir).</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Dagerotips. DAGEROTIPS!!! Pēc nelielām konsultatīvām darbībām internetā izrādījās, ka <em><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagerotipija">dagerotipija ir pats pirmais atklātais fotogrāfiska attēla iegūšanas veids</a></em>.</p>
<p>Norijis pārsteigumu un izbrīnu, aizvēru teksta redaktoru un atmetu domu jebko jelkad pašam adaptēt. Šādu neticami iederīgu vārdu nekad mūžā nebūtu iedomājies ievietot šajā kontekstā.</p>
<p>Protams, ka tā ir pirmā reakcija un ir kļūdaina. Bet tanī pirmajā mirklī bija iespaidīgi tāpat.</p>
<p>Nav jau tā, ka to nevajag darīt un šī māksla ir mirusi. Viss, kas ir mainījies, ir jaunie rīki. Un rīki ir pagalam jauni un pagalam glauni.</p>
<p>Var izgudrot daudz nepilnīgu analoģiju. Piemēram — klinšu kāpšana. Šis pirmajiem 20 metriem iedod kāpnes. Klints gan aizvien ir simts metrus augsta. Bet bāzlīnija tagad ir pavisam cita. Neko daudz neiemācīsies, pamatu pamati būs jāapgūst 20 metru augstumā, bet latiņa ir tur, kur tā ir.</p>

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    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Level Devil]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2025/12/14/level-devil" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15332</id>
    <updated>2025-12-14T16:50:12+02:00</updated>
    <published>2025-12-14T16:50:12+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Pacietības spēlīte]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2025/12/14/level-devil"><![CDATA[
    <p>Laiks sačakarēt sev nervus. Nav tik traki kā <em>Flappy Bird</em>, bet vienā brīdī gribās salauzt klaviatūru. <a href="https://poki.com/en/g/level-devil">Level Devil</a>.</p>
<figure><picture><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/webp" srcset="/f/u/level-devil-600.webp 600w, /f/u/level-devil-900.webp 900w, /f/u/level-devil-1440.webp 1440w"><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/png" srcset="/f/u/level-devil-600.png 600w, /f/u/level-devil-900.png 900w, /f/u/level-devil-1440.png 1440w"><img src="/f/u/level-devil.png" alt="Šo var spēlēt arī divatā :)"></picture><figcaption>Šo var spēlēt arī divatā :)</figcaption></figure>

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    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Advent of Code 2025]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2025/12/12/advent-of-code-2025" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15331</id>
    <updated>2025-12-12T13:59:13+02:00</updated>
    <published>2025-12-12T13:57:03+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Labirinti, dāvanu kārtošana un citi nieki izstrādātājam.uUI]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2025/12/12/advent-of-code-2025"><![CDATA[
    <p>Par <em>Advent of Code</em> <a href="https://laacz.lv/2020/12/15/advent-of-code">esmu rakstījis jau iepriekš</a>.</p>
<p>Šogad, iespējams, pasaulē populārākajā programmēšanas adventes kalendārā <em><a href="https://adventofcode.com/">Advent of Code</a></em> bija nelielas izmaiņas. Autors nolēma to saīsināt līdz 12 dienām iepriekšējo 24 vietā, kā arī likvidēt dalībnieku publiskos reitingus. Pirmais bija tīri ieguldāmā darba apjoma dēļ, bet otrs neveselīgas konkurences dēļ.</p>
<p>Tematiskie adventes kalendāri nav nekas superjauns. Neesmu apzināti kolekcionējis, bet vēl daži ir pamanīti: senākais programmētājiem domātais — <em><a href="https://perladvent.org/archives.html">Perl Advent</a></em> (<a href="https://perladvent.org/2025/">2025</a>), sistēmu administrēšanas lauciņā ir <em><a href="https://sadservers.com/advent">Advent of Sysadmin</a></em>, kiberdrošībai veltīts <em><a href="https://tryhackme.com/adventofcyber25">Advent of Cyber</a></em>. Vēl ir neskaitāma kaudze ar tādiem, kuros katru dienu ir jauns ieraksts — ideja, <em>tips and tricks</em>, utt. Piemēram, <em><a href="https://xania.org/202511/advent-of-compiler-optimisation">Advent of Compiler Optimization</a></em>. Citi šoreiz, pārsteidzošā kārtā, man nav pamanījušies.</p>
<p>Šoreiz nolēmu pieķerties tam visam, atkal aiz rokas paņemot <em>Rust</em>. Iepriekšējās reizes atdūros pret nesaudzīgo <em>borrow checker</em>. Varbūt 2025. gads ir tas, kurā saies? Sagāja. <a href="https://github.com/laacz/advent-of-code/tree/main/2025">Viss kods ir atrodams Github'ā</a>.</p>
<figure><picture><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/webp" srcset="/f/u/aoc-2025-day12-600.webp 600w, /f/u/aoc-2025-day12-900.webp 900w, /f/u/aoc-2025-day12-1440.webp 1440w"><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/png" srcset="/f/u/aoc-2025-day12-600.png 600w, /f/u/aoc-2025-day12-900.png 900w, /f/u/aoc-2025-day12-1440.png 1440w"><img src="/f/u/aoc-2025-day12.png" alt="12. dienas testu vizualizācija"></picture><figcaption>12. dienas testu vizualizācija</figcaption></figure>
<p>Godīgi sakot, tā arī nesapratu iemeslu tam, ka <em>borrow checker</em>  gribēja man sačakarēt dienu tikai vienu reizi, bet tā īsti arī nesanāca. Ārpus tās mēs sadzīvojām lieliski.</p>
<p>Plāns B bija dot iespēju <em><a href="https://ziglang.org/">Zig</a></em>, bet gribējās tā kā vienu novest līdz galam, pirms ķerties pie nākamās. <em>Zig</em> ir tā valoda, kas ir riktīgi interesanta, bet nekad nenonāks manā produkcijai piemēroto valodu sarakstā tā vienīgā galvenā autora dīvainību dēļ.</p>
<p>Iesildoties un atpūšoties, pamanījos sarisināt līdz galam arī 2016. (<em>Go</em>), 2019. (<em>Rust</em>) un daļēji 2020. gadu (<em>Go</em>). Jāpabeidz līdz galam 2017. Iespējams, ka vēl nesarisināto 2018. gadu varēs pamēģināt iekš <em>Zig</em>.</p>
<p>Šī gada uzdevumu klāsts bija aizdomīgā kārtā pa zobam pat man. Pie nosacījuma, ka ignorējam 10. dienu, kur otrajā daļā bija jāsaprot un jāspēj arī pielietot savas zināšanas, lai atrisinātu palielu lineāru vienādojumu sistēmu. Tīra matemātika, Gausa izslēgšanas metode, matricas, utt. Nomocījos diezgan ilgi, līdz izsmēlu visas savas idejas. Aizgāju nošpikot pieeju un pareizos atslēgas vārdus.</p>
<p>Man patika tas, ka nebija gluži miljons BFS, DFS, Dijkstras un sazin kas vēl jāmaļ uz riņķi. Palīdz arī iepriekšējo gadu pieredze. Vienā uzdevumā ieraugi skaidru DFS, kur otrajā daļā atkal ir acīmredzama <a href="https://github.com/laacz/advent-of-code/tree/main/2025#day-11">vajadzība pēc iegaumēšanas</a> (<em>memoization</em>). Citā uzdevumā saproti, ka ir iespējas <a href="https://github.com/laacz/advent-of-code/tree/main/2025#day-12">fundamentāli samazināt</a> apstaigājamo variantu skaitu (<em>early pruning</em>). Vēl kaut kur talkā nāk <a href="https://github.com/laacz/advent-of-code/tree/main/2025#day-9">koordināšu kompresija</a>.</p>
<p>Šogad uzdevumi bija ļoti labi nostrādāti. Laikam pirmais gads, kad pat prātā neienāca doma, ka problēma ir ievaddatos, nevis manā kodā :)</p>
<p>Un arī, kā saka, <em>anxis</em> nebija tik traks kā citreiz. Iesaku, rekomendēju un piedāvāju pamēģināt arī citiem. Pirmie gadi uz beigām palika ļoti traki. Ar katru nākamo reizi kļūst labāk. Grūti mācībās…</p>

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    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Kartiņa no cepjampapīra]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2025/12/01/kartina-no-cepjampapira" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15329</id>
    <updated>2025-12-03T00:09:44+02:00</updated>
    <published>2025-12-01T21:18:41+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Tūkstoš  čēesmit, ja?]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2025/12/01/kartina-no-cepjampapira"><![CDATA[
    <p>Man patīk pieaugt vēlāk nekā citiem. Tādējādi tas notiek nedaudz apzinātāk nekā pieaugot bērnībā. Vai arī savā paviršībā neesmu aizdomājies par Lietām.</p>
<p>Pirms iet tālāk, es uzspridzināšu dažas galvas. Vārds 'nostaļģija' patiesībā ir '<a href="https://tezaurs.lv/nostal%C4%A3ija:1">nostalģija</a>'. Tur ir precīzi nulle mīksto l burtu.</p>
<p>Cik vien sevi atceros, allaž esmu stāvējis par <a href="https://tezaurs.lv/kart%C4%ABte">kartīti</a>. Jo no deklinēšanas skatupunkta tāda vārda kā <em>kartiņa</em> vienkārši nav. Aste — astīte, bute — butīte, kaste — kastīte, bite — bitīte. Un nekāda astiņa, butiņa vai kastiņa. Varbūt vainīgs ir mums bez <em>cirte</em> (<em>cirtīte</em>, nevis <em>cirtiņa</em>) un <em>mirte</em> (nevis <em>mirtiņa</em>, tagad gan šaubos, ka tas ir vārds)  vairs nekā cita, kas beigtos ar «rte» laikam nav.</p>
<p>Šogad apņēmos par šo beigt čīkstēt.</p>
<p>Kāda starpība, ja saprast var? Lai arī saprotu, tomēr tas cilvēks, kurš saka <em>kad</em> tad, kad jāsaka <em>ka</em>, manās acīs vienmēr būs paviršs un neuzmanīgs. Tāpat kā tas, kurš raksta <em>luksafors</em>, <em>mikrafons</em>, <em>tolete</em>, <em>Latvietis</em>, <em>nēsmu</em>, <em>trenniņš</em>,  ar katru šo vārdu zaudēs kaut ko no manas intereses. Bet mācīt un audzināt? Tas padara mani par piekasīgu.</p>
<p>Nākamā lieta ir nedaudz smalkāka. Daļa no valodas vienkārši pazūd. Novienkāršojas. Svaigākais <em>pamanījums</em> ir «Es nedzirdēju, ka kāds teica», kad domā «es neesmu dzirdējis, ka kāds ir teicis». Saliktie laiki laikam ir pārāk sarežģīti modernā latvieša ikdienai.</p>
<p>Latviešu valoda lielā mērā arī ir pilna ar citu valodu vārdiem, izteiksmes veidiem un sazin ko vēl. Tas ir tikai likumsakarīgi, ņemot vērā mūsu vēsturi. «Biļete priekš kino».</p>
<p>Varētu būt, ka nopietnu lomu te spēlē arī tas, ka šobrīd aizvien vairāk  cittautībnieku runā latviski. Tas ir lieliski no visiem aspektiem. Labāk un sliktāk, bet tas ar garantiju atstāj savu ietekmi uz valodu. Man ir pāris kolēģi, kuri pieļauj tik mīlīgas un brīnišķīgas kļūdas, ka tas man pat nemaz netraucē. Un nez kāpēc tad, kad iedzimtais latvietis man pasaka to pašu, uzvelkos.</p>
<p>Laiks mest mieru.</p>
<p>Man pašam patīk parotaļāties ar valodu. Dažkārt sanāk tāds ne pārāk ass naža asmens ar <em>gaņauka</em> un <em>ģemperis</em>, vai <em>kkā</em>. Blogā melnraksta vietā man ir <em>negatave</em>. Arī vienmēr pa rokai esošā anglicismu kaudze man allaž mīļa. Bet vienmēr, darot šādi, cenšos arī caur kontekstu nodot to, ka tas ir ar nolūku. Ne reizi vien ir gadījies «atrauties» no kāda, kurš no malas ir izlasījis kaut ko ne tā.</p>
<p>Katru reizi, kad pamanu savā tekstā kādu «<a href="https://skrivanek.lv/atvilkne-pret-atvilktne/">atvilkni</a>», «<a href="https://tezaurs.lv/aizkari:1">aizskarus</a>», «<a href="https://tezaurs.lv/b%C5%ABt:1">esu</a>» vai «<a href="https://mlvv.tezaurs.lv/zin%C4%81t">zin</a>», steidzu labot un noskurinos. Fuj, Kaspar. Vai fui.</p>
<p>Jo man tas ir svarīgi. Es pieņemu, ka tev nav. Turpmāk tu vari darīt tu, kā nesaka.</p>
<p>Neskatoties ne uz ko, turpināšu priecāties brīžos, kad vietējā Jelgavas veikalā gaļas nodaļā pārdevēja man vaicā 'ar kartīti?'.</p>
<p>PS Un šis ir pierādījums tam, ka pat tad, ja man ir baļķis acīs, es varu uz tavu skabargu rādīt, cik vien uziet. Ja vien tas nav <em><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatabautisms">vatabautisms</a></em>.</p>
<p>PPS Atsevišķa vieta ellē ir paredzēta tiem, kuri saka «es tikko uzrakstīju blogu», ar to domājot vienu rakstu savā blogā.</p>

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    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Sony WH-1000XM6]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2025/11/30/sony-wh-1000xm6" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15328</id>
    <updated>2025-11-30T22:44:31+02:00</updated>
    <published>2025-11-30T22:07:28+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Laiks nomainīt uz galvas liekamo klusumtrauku no Sony.]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2025/11/30/sony-wh-1000xm6"><![CDATA[
    <p>Tā kā audiofīls no manis negatīvs, bet esošās XM4 sāka vairs neturēt arī <del>veselu dienu</del> <strong>divas dienas</strong> tad, kad tās ir sazvaniem bagātākas, padevos negaidīti labam piedāvājumam no <a href="https://center.lv/lv/sony/BF2025-PE">vietējā <em>Sony</em> dīlera</a> un pasūtīju par sakarīgu naudu XM6. Šis būs powerpointa apskats. No XM4 lietotāja. XM5 izlaidu.</p>
<p>Plusi.</p>
<ul>
<li>Daudz atsaucīgāks skārienjūtīgais panelis.</li>
<li>Nedaudz mazākas.</li>
<li>Kas XM5 tika atņemts, šīm ir atpakaļ — salokās plakani.</li>
<li>Pašām austiņām stipri vienkāršāks UX, salīdznot ar XM4.</li>
<li>Var lietot kamēr lādē.</li>
<li>Atrā uzlāde. Cik nav gadījies aizmirst izslēgt ausis un no rīta uz pirmo sanāksmi attapties, ka ir jālādē.</li>
</ul>
<p>Mīnusi.</p>
<ul>
<li>Aizvien tas pretīgais skārienjūtīgais panelis.</li>
<li>Kaut kāda pārāk sarežģīta aplikācija — pavadīju daudz laika, lai sajēgtu vietas un veidus kā šo to atslēgt.</li>
<li>Atjaunot programmatūru aizvien nejēdz — 40 minūtes ņēmās.</li>
<li>Cena. Pat ar visu mega atlaidi tie bija 350 eiro.</li>
</ul>
<p>Dīvainusi.</p>
<ul>
<li>Kad palaid pāroties, tad tā kundze ausīs manai gaumei pārāk uzstājīgi un bieži saka, ka ir palaista pāroties.</li>
<li>Kaut kāds <em>fancy</em> mehānismu kombo austiņu leņķa pielāgošanai — <em>gaņauka</em> jāpierod.</li>
<li>Audio aizvien caur parastu 3.5mm vadu, nevis type-c. Bet man bezvadu auztiņas pamatā vajag bezvadu situācijām, <em>jūnou</em>.</li>
</ul>

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    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Lieliskākais datuma ievades UX 2025]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2025/11/29/lieliskakais-datuma-ievades-ux-2025" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15327</id>
    <updated>2025-11-29T19:19:26+02:00</updated>
    <published>2025-11-29T19:19:26+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Slikts UX ir smieklīgs UX.]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2025/11/29/lieliskakais-datuma-ievades-ux-2025"><![CDATA[
    <p>Sanāca kompānija kopā un izdomāja konkursu — tas, kurš izveidos datuma ievades saskarni ar vissliktāko UX, uzvarēs. Normāls balvu fonds.</p>
<p>Ja ir garāks vakars priekšā un slinkums darīt kaut ko saprātīgu, tad <a href="https://badux.lol/">laipni lūgti papriecāties</a> par cilvēku izdomu.</p>
<figure><picture><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/webp" srcset="/f/u/baduxlol-600.webp 600w, /f/u/baduxlol-900.webp 900w, /f/u/baduxlol-1440.webp 1440w"><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/png" srcset="/f/u/baduxlol-600.png 600w, /f/u/baduxlol-900.png 900w, /f/u/baduxlol-1440.png 1440w"><img src="/f/u/baduxlol.png" alt="Bez uzvarētāja tur ir vēl kaudze ar lieliskas datuma izvēlnes priekšlikumiem."></picture><figcaption>Bez <a href="https://avndp.relevant.space/">uzvarētāja</a> tur ir vēl kaudze ar lieliskas datuma izvēlnes priekšlikumiem.</figcaption></figure>

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    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[A-Ha - Take on Me]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2025/11/23/a-ha-take-on-me" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15326</id>
    <updated>2025-11-23T13:53:34+02:00</updated>
    <published>2025-11-23T10:40:44+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Tā dziesma nekļuva par hitu uzreiz.]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2025/11/23/a-ha-take-on-me"><![CDATA[
    <p>Visi <em>gaņauka</em> zina grupas <em>A-Ha</em> ikonisko dziesmu «Take on Me» ar <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djV11Xbc914">brīnišķīgo videoklipu</a>. Iespējams, ka kāds zina vēl pāris viņu dziesmas. Ja ne zina, tad izdzirdot pateiks 'ahā!'.</p>
<p>Bet vai visi zina to, ka «Take on Me» pirmā versija radās vēl tad, kad grupu nesauca <em>A-Ha</em>, un <a href="https://youtu.be/cOhiDxuOEuI?si=zyxwU7xNDg6Ky6Fz">tā izklausījās gauži citādāk</a>? Turpmākajos gados tapa vēl trīs versijas. Apvienotajā Karalistē topus iekarot tika mēģināts ar divām no tām. Neizdevās. Kad to laida klajā iekš ASV, viss sagāja un tā uzsprāga. Gan jau ka video dēļ, jo tajos laikos MTV bija liels un varens.</p>
<p>Tāpēc paņem austiņas, telefonu, satērpies silti, izej pastaigā un noklausies <a href="https://songexploder.net/a-ha">šo fantastiskā podkāsta <em>Song Exploder</em> epizodi</a>.</p>
<p>PS Šajā rakstā ir vairāki «zina», jo pēdējā laikā esmu pieķēris sevi pie tā, ka rakstu «zin».</p>

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    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Viņš jau neko nepareizu nepateica!]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2025/11/21/vins-jau-neko-nepareizu-nepateica" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15324</id>
    <updated>2025-11-21T08:37:30+02:00</updated>
    <published>2025-11-21T00:07:33+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Ko darīt ar visiem šleseriem un krištopaniem? Re, ko.]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2025/11/21/vins-jau-neko-nepareizu-nepateica"><![CDATA[
    <p>Pateica.</p>
<p>Eh. Es tomēr par politiku. Bet man ir tā sajūta, ka nupat ir īstais brīdis. Iet nekur netaisos — ne dirst, ne politikā. Bet blogs tukšs nedrīkst stāvēt. Lai jau tad iet.</p>
<figure><picture><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/webp" srcset="/f/u/kristopana-parads-600.webp 600w, /f/u/kristopana-parads-900.webp 900w, /f/u/kristopana-parads-1440.webp 1440w"><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/png" srcset="/f/u/kristopana-parads-600.png 600w, /f/u/kristopana-parads-900.png 900w, /f/u/kristopana-parads-1440.png 1440w"><img src="/f/u/kristopana-parads.png" alt="Krištopana tvīts"></picture><figcaption><a href="https://x.com/KristopansVilis/status/1991243643072471317">Krištopana tvīts</a></figcaption></figure>
<p>Valsts parāds tīri dolāru izteiksmē bija 21x mazāks, nekā tas bija pagājušogad. 42x mazāks par prognozēto 2029. gadā (<a href="https://x.com/AndrisKulbergs/status/1991206243386413537">Kulberga aģentūra pacentās</a>). Bet šis skaitlis šādā formā ir bezjēdzīgs. Salīdzināt parāda apjomu var un vajag pret valsts iekšzemes kopproduktu. Un apskatīt iemeslus — kāpēc tas tāds ir. Piemēram, 2007. gada krīzes rezultātā mūsu parāds pieauga kosmiski, jo Latvijas brīnums saplīsa.</p>
<p>Par dzimstību ir vienkārši klaji meli. Savukārt, Krištopana laikā valstī dzīvoja tiešām 2.4 miljoni, bet tas bija mazākais skaitlis kopš neatkarības atgūšanas. Un pastāv neliela varbūtība, ka nedz dzimstība, nedz miljoni nebija gluži viņa nopelns. Bet varbūt bija? Varbūt arī 1999. gada <a href="https://www.lsm.lv/raksts/sports/motoru-sports/20.02.2024-latvijas-autosporta-tragiskaka-maciba-racenu-trase-sporta-vesture-pirms-25-gadiem.a543636/">traģiskā rallija autoavārija</a> ar 8 bojā gājušajiem un 27 ievainoatjiem bija viņa vaina?</p>
<p>Tāpat taisnība nav arī par bezdeficīta budžetu. Ar visu privatizāciju tas beigu galā bija ar deficītu.</p>
<p>Iedomāsimies, ka esi dirsēju savienībā — Latvija pirmajā vietā. Jau kuro gadu grūd milzu naudu un tā īsti labi nesanāk tikt tanī valdībā. Un katru reizi apskati kļūdas, saproti kas strādā un kas ne, labo plānu, un mauc vēlreiz. Secinājums — viss šis komunikācijas veids, mutes brūķēšana un pārējās izdarības ir plānveida. Vismaz pēc metodiskajiem norādījumiem un aptuvena plāna ejošas.</p>
<h1>Tad kāpēc viņi šito saka?</h1>
<p>Ne jau tāpēc, lai tu viņus pieķertu melos, faktu izlaišanā, nesalīdzināmu lietu salīdzināšanā, utt. Nē, tu viņus neinteresē. Viņi pat ir priecīgi, ja tu uzvelcies. Tas pabaro algoritmu, tas biežāk parāda citiem šo saraksti un no tiem citiem lielākā daļa pat neiedziļināsies.</p>
<p>Jo viņš jau tehniski nemeloja, ne? Vismaz par parādu, ne? Viņš salīdzināja dolārus 2029. gadā ar dolāriem 2000. gadā. Un kurš aizdomāsies, ka dolārs 2000. gadā bija apmēram puse no dolāra 2025. gadā? Un ka IKP 2000. gadā bija apmēram 5.6 reizes mazāks kā šogad?</p>
<p>Viņus neinteresē elektorāts, kurš ir gatavs parēķināt līdzi, pameklēt datus. Tie, pa kuriem ar šo tiek smalki tēmēts, ir tie, kas izdzirdēs, saklausīs un reproducēs šos murgus tālāk.</p>
<p>Meli un puspatiesības izplatās straujāk nekā to labojumi. Cilvēki, kuriem ir ko teikt pret esošo valdību, izvēlās pavairot jebko, kas palīdz. Pat, ja tā ir klaja diršana. Šis ir asimetrisks karš — melus uzrakstīt prasa 5 sekundes. Melus apgāzt — 5 minūtes.</p>
<p>Šis gan strādā uz visām pusēm. Arī tev, mans domājošais, veselā saprāta pārpildītais un viedais lasītāj, sniegsies roka retvītot kaut ko, kas izskatās ticami un labi iesit pa oriņiem pretiniekam. Vēl pirms visi fakti ir pārbaudīti un kritiskā domāšana ir izveikta.</p>
<p>Un pat tad, ja cilvēki, kuri to ierauga savā fīdā, ātri aizskrollē tālāk, kaut kur aptuvenajā atmiņā paliek tie smieklīgie parādi un bezdeficīta budžeti.</p>
<p>Emocionālā ietekme pārspēj faktus. Vienmēr tā ir bijis un vienmēr būs. Šis nav par pārliecināšanu. Šis ir par manipulēšanu.</p>
<h1>Ko darīt?</h1>
<p>Grūti. Sākumā domāju, ka te nu neko — kā i', tā i'. Bet ja padomā — kā tad tas viss darbojas — ir skaidrs, ka daļa metožu jau tās pašas. Aiz krievu pielūdzēju partijas metodiskajiem norādījumiem stāv milzīga mašīna un nopietna nauda.</p>
<p>Cilvēki ir viegli mērķi. Ar to jāsadzīvo. Viņi neignorēs kaut ko, kas viņus aizskar. Mācīt nereaģēt ir veltīgi. Tad varbūt varam mācīt reaģēt jēgpilni?</p>
<p>Uz Viļa tvītu var mierīgi atbildēt ar IKP grafiku un tekstu, ka pēc viņa aiziešanas viss strauji kļuva labāk.</p>
<figure><picture><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/webp" srcset="/f/u/vilis-aizgaja-kluva-labak-600.webp 600w, /f/u/vilis-aizgaja-kluva-labak-900.webp 900w, /f/u/vilis-aizgaja-kluva-labak-1440.webp 1440w"><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/png" srcset="/f/u/vilis-aizgaja-kluva-labak-600.png 600w, /f/u/vilis-aizgaja-kluva-labak-900.png 900w, /f/u/vilis-aizgaja-kluva-labak-1440.png 1440w"><img src="/f/u/vilis-aizgaja-kluva-labak.png" alt="Kāds pat varētu teikt, ka kopš Vilis Krištopans ir aizgājis, mums ir straujāk kļuvis labāk :) IKP grafiks. (Mans tvīts)"></picture><figcaption>Kāds pat varētu teikt, ka kopš Vilis Krištopans ir aizgājis, mums ir straujāk kļuvis labāk :) IKP grafiks. (<a href="https://x.com/laacz/status/1991609715844083984">Mans tvīts</a>)</figcaption></figure>
<p>Jābeidz sniegpārsliņoties. Galu galā, vārda un izteiksmes brīvība attiecas ne tikai uz viņiem. Kamēr vienu elektorāts neko vairāk par rupjībām un troļļu gājieniem nejēdz, tu takš jēdz, vai ne?</p>
<p>Esam asprātīgi (asprātīgāki par mani, lūdzu), ražojam memes, pārbaudām faktus un apgāžam melus. Svarīgākais — darām to ātri un izklaidējoties paši.</p>
<p>Bet savaldāmies. Viņi ir tie, kuriem jāmelo un jākropļo fakti. Mums tas nav vajadzīgs. Simetriska neticēšana mums nav nepieciešama.</p>
<p>Darot to visu pareizi, viss saies. Pat tad, ja mēs neuzvarēsim, vismaz būsim lieliski pavadījuši laiku.</p>
<p>PS Kādā brīdī mums nopietni jāparunā par to, kas notiks ar šo informāciju un tās uzticamību laikā, kurā dažādu apstākļu sakritības un šādas tādas mērķttiecīgas rīcības rezultātā neviens nevienam ar laiku vairs neticēs. Sākt izdomāt faktus pašiem neticības elles atnākšanu tikai paātrinās.</p>

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</entry><entry>
    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Fw: Kā lietot Claude Code?]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2025/11/14/fw-ka-lietot-claude-code" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15322</id>
    <updated>2025-11-17T23:00:27+02:00</updated>
    <published>2025-11-14T23:20:26+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[<em>Claude Code</em> savaldīšana.]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2025/11/14/fw-ka-lietot-claude-code"><![CDATA[
    <p>Ja nevēlies lasīt manu rakstu, tad rekur tas, kuru patiesībā ir vērts: «<a href="https://blog.sshh.io/p/how-i-use-every-claude-code-feature">How I Use Every Claude Code Feature</a>». Ja slinkums tur, tad galvenās lietas zemāk.</p>
<p>Nenoliegšu, esmu diezgan aktīvs <em><a href="https://www.claude.com/product/claude-code">Claude Code</a></em> lietotājs. Ne gluži vaibiņam padevies, bet tas man atvieglo dzīvi. Dara melno darbu, palīdz paskatīties uz lietām no cita skatu punkta, ļauj drošāk iterēt un prototipēt, diezgan labi atrod kļūdas un nepilnības.</p>
<p>Protams, ka to vajag savaldīt. Es nekad intuitīvi neesmu piekritis milzu produkta prasību dokumentu, kā arī baisas autonomijas došanai. Manā pieejā nav nekā tāda. Viss ir maksimāli vienkārši. Citādi tas neskeilojas. Ņemot vērā, kā attīstās visa šī pasaule, ieguldīties vienā pieejā ir muļķīgi un tuvredzīgi. Minimālas <em>customizācijas</em>, maksimāli izmantot <em>off-the-shelf</em> iespējas.</p>
<p>Līdz ar to ir diezgan patīkami lasīt, ka citu pamatprincipi īsti neatšķiras no manējiem. Nedaudz iziešu cauri tam, ko autors apraksta.</p>
<p>Jā, <em>CLAUDE.md</em> ir vajadzīgs, bet nav vērts mēģināt tanī aprakstīt visu, visu, visu. Tam jābūt lakoniskam. Šis izriet no reālās dzīves. Dokumentācijai jābūt īsai un lakoniskai. Pabeigts darbs ir tad, kad tam nav ko noņemt, nevis tad, kad tam nav ko pielikt.</p>
<p>Papildini to pēc vajadzības. Ja dzelzs draugs aiziet šreijā, tad ir vērts pierakstīt. Svarīga ir arī klasika — ar LLMiem labāk strādā 'dari tā', nekā 'nedari tā'. To mēs esam iemācījušies. Dokumentāciju nevajag barot iekšā, bet vajag izstāstīt — kad tā ir jāpaskatās.</p>
<p>Viss reducējas nevis uz sasodīto promptu inženieriju, bet konteksta būvēšanu. Bieži to notīri, jo pie garākām sesijām tas aizpeld. Izveido atsevišķu komandu, kura nulles stāvoklī kontekstā saliek izmaiņas. Autoram tā ir <code>/catchup</code>, man līdzīga ir <code>/wat</code>. Es nekad neizmantoju <code>/compact</code>, jo tā ir <em>lossy</em> kompresija.</p>
<p>MCP es tā arī nesāku pa īstam izmantot ar dažiem izņēmumiem — dokumentācijai, ļaut read-only režīmā rakāties pa datiem, vēl kaut kādi nieki. Bet kad parādījās skilli, uzreiz bija skaidrs, ka tā ir manta. Es gan vēl gaidu un izmantoju dažus. Piemēram <em><a href="https://github.com/obra/superpowers">Superpowers</a></em>.</p>
<p>Tāpat kā komandas un MCP, arī skillus vajag tikai dažus. Tu visu milzu kaudzi, kuru sainstalēji un sarakstīji, nekad nelietosi, ar laiku aizmirsīsi un viss.</p>
<p>Atsākšanu un turpināšanu es esmu sācis piekopt relatīvi nesen. Tā uzzīmējas automātiski, kolīdz Tu ļaujies iterēšanas vilnim.</p>
<p>Un noslēguma tēze, ka <em>Claude code</em> vajag izmantot kā izolētu tāsku meistaru, nevis audzināt no tā universālo kareivi. Palaidi, parunāji, izdarījāt, aizmirsi. Nākamreiz atkal no nulles.</p>
<p>Piebilde — es to lietoju privāti un privātām lietām, kas nozīmē, ka esmu izstrādājs-vienpatis. Kolīdz šos rīkus sāk izmantot komandā, tad spēles noteikumi nedaudz pamainās. Raksta autors arī par to runā, bet man nav pieredzes, lai validētu.</p>
<p>Vienīgais, ko es varu pateikt par komandu šajā sakarā ir par <em>code ownership</em>. Tā ir svarīga lieta, ja ir maza komanda. Un pielietojot AI rīkus, atbildība nepārnesās uz AI. Tā paliek pie izstrādātāja.</p>
<p>Man nav arī <em>Claude Code</em> izmantošanas pieredzes lielos un sarežģītos projektos. Ir sajūta, ka tur ir pilns ar tārpiem un tarakāniem, bet pierādījumu nav :)</p>
<p>Kā forša blakne šī rīka lietošanai ir uzlabota spēja artikulēti pastāstīt sev un citiem — ko tad īsti man gribās. Tā ir tā manis drillētā intuīcijas izstrādāšana — tu iemācies strādāt ar rīkiem, katru reizi nemeklējot pareizās pogas un īstos kloķus.</p>
<p>Neviens nav arī aizliedzis apsēsties un pašam sarakstīt kodu. To pat vajag darīt. To gribās darīt. Bet nākotne ir šāda, tur nu vairs neko. Par vēlu iebilst :) Tavs jaunais darbinieks nāks un strādās ar šiem rīkiem. Mūsu uzdevums ir panākt, lai šos rīkus izmanto jēdzīgi.</p>
<p>Par pārējiem:</p>
<ul>
<li><em><a href="https://developers.openai.com/codex/cli/">Codex</a></em> ir nežēlīgi lēns. Esmu pārāk nepacietīgs, lai to paciestu. Bet tas prot šo to labāk par <em>Claude Code</em>.</li>
<li><em><a href="https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli">Gemini CLI</a></em> ārpus nelielām rotaļām neesmu apzināti mēģinājis izmantot reālos darbos. Pamēģināšu tad, kad atnāks <em>Gemini 3</em>.</li>
<li><em><a href="https://opencode.ai/">OpenCode</a></em> ir jauka alternatīva, ja vēlies slēgāties starp modeļiem.</li>
<li><em>Cursor</em> <a href="https://cursor.com/blog/2-0">jaunais modelis</a> ir stulbs kā zābaks.</li>
<li><em><a href="https://cli.github.com/">Github CLI</a></em> pirms kāda mēneša vēl bija OK. Kā ir tagad — nezinu.</li>
</ul>

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</entry><entry>
    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Pareizs laiks ir Rīga]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2025/11/13/pareizs-laiks-ir-riga" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15321</id>
    <updated>2025-11-13T20:48:51+02:00</updated>
    <published>2025-11-13T20:48:51+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2025/11/13/pareizs-laiks-ir-riga"><![CDATA[
    <p>Man serveriem ir Rīgas laiks. It kā jau prātīgi būtu to uzstellēt uz UTC, bet nē — man ir vietējais, patriotiski pareizais. Un šodien aizdomājos — a kas notiek ar ieplānotajiem darbiem tad, kad mēs griežam pulksteni?</p>
<p>Kā mēs visi zinām, tanīs liktenīgajās reizēs mums ir jāsagaida pulkstens trīs naktī un jāpagriež visi laikrāži, kuri to nedara paši, uz priekšu vai atpakaļu.</p>
<figure><picture><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/webp" srcset="/f/u/laika-griesana-600.webp 600w, /f/u/laika-griesana-900.webp 900w, /f/u/laika-griesana-1440.webp 1440w"><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/png" srcset="/f/u/laika-griesana-600.png 600w, /f/u/laika-griesana-900.png 900w, /f/u/laika-griesana-1440.png 1440w"><img src="/f/u/laika-griesana.png"></picture></figure>
<p>Pirmajā gadījumā, pagriežot laiku pat stundu uz priekšu, vajadzētu izkrist tiem ieplānotajiem darbiem, kuriem bija starp trijiem un četriem? Otrajā gadījumā — vai, pagriežot atpakaļ, darbi, kuri ieplānoti starp diviem un trijiem, izpildās atkārtoti?</p>
<p>Izrādās, ka uz <em>Debian</em> bāzētajām sistēmām ir <em>workarounds</em>. Baigi nepētīju, bet ir aizdomas, ka tas ir visām linux bāzētajām, kuras izmanto oriģinālo <em>vixie-cron</em> (3.0p1). Nav baigi precīzi, bet īsumā — izlaistos darbiņus kaut kad padarīšu, bet notikušos dubultā nelaidīšu. Bet tikai tad, ja laiks nomainās par stundu vai divām.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Special considerations exist when the clock is changed by less than 3 hours, for example at the beginning and end of daylight savings time. If the time has moved forwards, those jobs which would have run in the time that was skipped will be run soon after the change. Conversely, if the time has moved backwards by less than 3 hours, those jobs that fall into the repeated time will not be re-run.</p>
<p>Only jobs that run at a particular time (not specified as @hourly, nor with '*' in the hour or minute specifier) are affected. Jobs which are specified with wildcards are run based on the new time immediately.</p>
<p>Clock changes of more than 3 hours are considered to be corrections to the clock, and the new time is used immediately.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>BSD bāzētajās sistēmas, tai skaitā <em>macOS</em>, <code>cron</code> programmai eksistē speciāls flags <code>-s</code>, ar kuru tā arī darbojas pēc noklusējuma. Tā ietvaros viss, kas darbojas reizi stundā vai biežāk, netiek palaists atkārtoti. Tas, kas darbojas retāk, tiek palaists tad, kad jāpalaiž, neskatoties uz DST.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Enable special handling of situations when the GMT offset of the local timezone changes, such as the switches between the standard time and daylight saving time.</p>
<p>The jobs run during the GMT offset changes time as intuitively expected.  If a job falls into a time interval that disappears (for example, during the switch from standard time) to daylight saving time or is duplicated (for example, during the reverse switch), then it is handled in one of two ways:</p>
<p>The first case is for the jobs that run every at hour of a time interval overlapping with the disappearing or duplicated interval.  In other words, if the job had run within one hour before the GMT offset change (and cron was not restarted nor the crontab(5) changed after that) or would run after the change at the next hour.  They work as always, skip the skipped time or run in the added time as usual.</p>
<p>The second case is for the jobs that run less frequently.  They are executed exactly once, they are not skipped nor executed twice (unless cron is restarted or the user's crontab(5) is changed during such a time interval).  If an interval disappears due to the GMT offset change, such jobs are executed at the same absolute point of time as they would be in the old time zone.  For example, if exactly one hour disappears, this point would be during the next hour at the first minute that is specified for them in crontab(5).</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Ja pareizi sapratu, tad oriģinālajā astoņdesmito gadu <em>vixie-cron</em> nekā šāda nebija. Abi risinājumi ir radušies forku rezultātā — gan <em>BSD</em>, gan tas, kas iekš <em>linux</em>.</p>

    ]]></content>

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    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Tie cilvēki ir riebīgi]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2025/11/11/tie-cilveki-ir-riebigi" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15320</id>
    <updated>2025-11-11T16:06:25+02:00</updated>
    <published>2025-11-11T15:41:02+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Lai viņi paši vārās savā sulā.]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2025/11/11/tie-cilveki-ir-riebigi"><![CDATA[
    <p>Pēdējā laikā esmu dzirdējis diezgan daudz par to, cik drausmīgi ir cilvēki. Cik slikti tas kādam liek justies. Parasti pēc tam, kad ir izlasīta daļa tās šļuras, kura gāžas no cilvēkiem internetā.</p>
<p>Sniegšu dažus padomus no sevis — cilvēka, kurš internetā ir izcīnījis milzum daudz kauju pret troļļiem, idiotiem, gudriem cilvēkiem un pat pret sevi. Daži padomi būs viens.</p>
<p>Palaid vaļā.</p>
<p>Ja cilvēks, kurš pauž tavuprāt idiotisku viedokli nav pacenties norādīt savu īsto vārdu, tad viņa viedoklis nav svarīgs. Ir liela varbūtība, ka viņa viedoklis un izteiksmes veids ir tā vai citādi apzināti paša vai no malas stimulēts.</p>
<p>Protams, vārds var būt izdomāts. Ja nezini autoru, ignorē. Tas ir kā ja tev uz ielas pienāk kungs, parāda pasi un sāk klārēt mēslus. Tev takš ir vienalga, ne?</p>
<p>Apžēlot nedrīkst, ignorēt. Arī tad, ja uzplijas tieši tev — atbild, komentē, piemin. Visos sociālajos tīklos ir iespēja viņus vienkārši nomutēt — viņš turpinās savā sulā vārīties, bet tu neko no tā vairs neredzēsi. Un tas labi, jo kamēr viņš rej sienā, viņš nerej virsū citiem.</p>
<p>Mans pienākums gan ir pieminēt, ka šāda pieeja rada savu burbuli. Un tas ir ar savām problēmām.</p>
<p>Ja tev nepatīk kāda teiktais — ignorē. Ja tam kādam nav vārda — ignorē. Neiesaisties, ļauj tam katliņam pašam izvārīt visu ūdeni — ignorē. Tā ir tā nedaudz dīvainā tante, kas uz ielas stūra dzied ne pārāk kvalitatīvu dziesmiņu par apokalipsi.</p>
<p>Sāc justies sūdīgi, lasot vai skatoties kaut ko? Apstājies. Izslēdz. Paskaties pa logu. Paņem grāmatu. Izej pastaigāt. Piezvani draugam.</p>
<p>Ja Tev šķiet, ka visi apkārt tikai sūdus runā, tad atceries — tie, kas nerunā sūdus, atnāca uz divām demonstrācijām. Tie, kas runā — sēdēja mājā un turpināja runāt sūdus.</p>
<p>Šie troļļi viens otru pavairo. Ja kādreiz troļļu fermas bija veselas iniciatīvas, tad tagad nereti gadās, ka arī ne pašām spožākajām zvaigznītēm ir aizgājis tas, ka kontus takš var uztaisīt divus. Un trīs.</p>
<p>Tāpat kā skolā. Visskaļāk kliedz tie, kas ir visagresīvākie. Troksnis rada šķietamu pārsvaru. Izskatās traki, bet aizver acis, aiztaisi ausis un piecreiz ieelpo.</p>
<p>Ja tev šķiet, ka nu šitais izklausās pēc normāla cilvēka, davaj pierādīšu savu taisnību, tad atceries vienu vārdu — nē. Polarizējošos jautājumos cilvēks var tikai pats sevi pārliecināt par kaut ko. No malas to neizdarīt.</p>
<p>Zinu, ka ir grūtī nezaudēt ticību labajam un normālajam, jo neizskatās īsti labi.</p>
<p>Grūti ir šajā laikā, kad demokrātija šķietami turās uz puņķiem. Grūti ir zemessargam, stāvot pie pieminekļa 11. novembrī, zināt, ka būs jāaizstāv arī tie, kas to nav pelnījuši. Visādi populisti, ignorējot veselo saprātu vienkārši nomasē ar tik daudz idiotisma, ka tas sāk šķist par normu. Troksnis tviterī un feisbukā un portālos liek domāt, ka nupat jau esam mazākumā. Neesam.</p>
<p>Priekšnosacījums ekstrēmisma atdzimšanai pirms otrā pasaules kara bija krīze un no tās izrietošā nespēja gana ātri atkopties pēc iepriekšējā kara. Šobrīd ir nedaudz labāk. No kovida un 2008. gada krīzes esam tikuši ārā tīri OK un tīri laicīgi. Nacisms mēģina izspiesties, bet tik labi kā toreiz nesanāk. Ukrainas rietumus, atšķirībā no Sudetijas pagājušajā gadsimtā,  arī vēl nevienam neviens nav atdevis.</p>
<p>Tas, kas ir jauns un ar ko mums nav pieredze, ir ar spēli ne pēc noteikumiem modernajā komunikācijas platformu laikmetā. Iespēja runāt daudz un ar visiem nozīmē arī iespēju ar dezinformāciju pārliecināt daudz un visus.</p>
<p>Mākslīgais intelekts nepalīdz. Viens cilvēks var darboties ar desmitiem un simtiem puslīdz autonomu kontu, kas ticami izliekas par reāliem cilvēkiem.</p>
<p>Un tomēr es lieku likmes uz to, ka mēs iemācīsimies ar to visu sadzīvot ātrāk, nekā tas mūs apēdīs.</p>
<p>PS Un vaktē savējos. Draugus, radus, labus paziņas, kaimiņu Annātanti. Cilvēkiem ir dažāds tolerances līmenis. Kāds varbūt sašļūk no pieciem komentāriem, cits lasa un lasa un šausminās un turpina lasīt.</p>

    ]]></content>

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    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Latvia, Home of The Letts (1924)]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2025/11/07/latvia-home-of-the-letts-1924" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15317</id>
    <updated>2025-11-08T11:31:59+02:00</updated>
    <published>2025-11-07T16:01:28+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Latvija 1924. gadā ar <em>National Geographic</em> acīm, jeb &quot;Lett it be!&quot;]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2025/11/07/latvia-home-of-the-letts-1924"><![CDATA[
    <blockquote>
<p>The Lett is friendly, shrewd, conservative, persevering, without the «Nichevo» spirit of Russian fatalism. Having waited so long for his opportunity, having won his freedom against such odds, he is determined to make the most of it.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Tas ir citāts no 1924. gadā <em>National Geographic</em> publicēta raksta, kura autors bija tolaik pirmais un slavenākais žurnāla ārvalstu koresponents ar zīmīgu pirmo vārdu — <em>Maynard Owen Williams</em>. Pirms četriem gadiem Latvija vēl karoja.</p>
<p>Ne īpaši tālajā 2011. gadā pieķēros šo manās rokās nonākušo garo, aizraujošo un, kas svarīgi, brīnišķīgām fotogrāfijām bagāto materiālu digitalizēt, bet kaut kas ne sagāja un pametu pusratā.</p>
<p>Varētu padomāt, ka šis ir tāds vienkāršs darbiņš, bet nē. Man gribējās pa smuko. Bija ko noņemties… Tas prasīja diezgan daudz laika. Ceru, ka bija tā vērts. Pāris vietās rakstā ir arī saites uz vikipēdiju. Atrodi-nu :) Nācās ieviest arī dažādus jaunumiņus savā blogošanas rīkā, lai raksts neizskatās pēc nabaga radinieka.</p>
<p>Rezultātu laipni lūgti lasīt zemāk. Nekādu reklāmu, nekādu klikšķināmu galeriju, nekādu abonēšanas piedāvājumu, nekādu triku. Viss izlasāms, laiski glāstot savu telefonu. Garākais ieraksts šī bloga 26 gadu pastāvēšanas vēsturē.</p>
<p>Ja jūs atrodat nepilnības tekstā, tā vietā, lai piesārņotu komentārus ar 'tur trūkst burts', dariet man zināmu uz e-pastu (laacz suņeic laacz taška lv).</p>
<p>PS Diez vai autors, rakstot «see page 404» nojauta, ka pēc gadsimta tas nozīmēs ko citu.</p>
<p>PPS Par to sajūtu, kuru noķer, lasot šo visu, man ir tik daudz, ko teikt, ka laikam paklusēšu…</p>
<hr />
<p><em>Published in National Geographic Magazine, volume XLVI, <a href="https://archive.org/details/nationalgeographic19241001/page/400/mode/2up">issue number four, October, 1924</a>.</em></p>
<h1>Latvia, Home of The Letts</h1>
<p>One of the Baltic Republics Which Is Successfully Working Its Way to Stability<br />
By MAYNARD OWEN WILLIAMS</p>
<p>AUTHOR OF «THE COASTS OF CORSICA,» «AT THE TOMB OF TUTANKHAMEN,» «THROUGH THE HEART OF HINDUSTAN,» «RUSSIA'S ORPHAN RACES,» ETC., IN THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE</p>
<p><a id="hall-of-blackheads-text"></a>Five hundred years ago, when Riga ranked with Lübeck. Hamburg, and Bremen as one of the chief cities of the Hanseatic League, it had a bachelors' club, made up of men from out of town, called the Schwarzhäupter Gilde, or Blackheads. Their patron was Saint George, perpetually engaged in almost impaling a dragon. The sign of their society was a blackamoor's head. When they went to church they sat in stalls on the ends of which were carved big blackamoor heads.</p>
<p>After all these years, the guild still exists; their clubhouse, standing above the tiny stream from which the city took its name, is still one of the show places of Riga, and those barbaric carvings, which would look more at home in a minstrel show than in a church, still decorate the doors of their high pews in the Lutheran Cathedral.</p>
<p><a id="ref-401"></a>Pry off one of these low-browed symbols, tip it back so that its pillow will be Lithuania and the lesser known of the Polish corridors, let its woolly pate rub against Soviet Russia, and its flat-nosed, thick-lipped face will run along the present boundary between Latvia and Esthonia (<a href="#map-405">see map. page 405</a>).</p>
<p>A rocky eyebrow reaches across toward the Great Munamagi in Esthonia. 1.063 feet high, the most prominent eminence in this part of the flat Baltic plain. The cheekbones are formed of the Vidzeme (Livonia) plateau, between the Daugava (Western Dvina) and the Esthonian frontier. The Adam's apple of the slender throat is Riga, once a great industrial city larger than Stockholm, Christiania, or Copenhagen and now a thriving capital.</p>
<p>As I left the Alps, late in August, a well-known educator asked, «Where are you off to now?»</p>
<p>«Latvia,» I replied.</p>
<p>His comment was more candid than professorial.</p>
<p>«I'll bite.» he said. «Where is Latvia ?»</p>
<p>His question approximated that of all persons with whom I spoke. They did not ask where my furs were or whether I thought reindeer milk would agree with me. But they wanted to.</p>
<h2>In A Riga Cafe Before The Hour for Opera</h2>
<p>Sitting in one of Riga's cozy cafés five days later, I realized how erroneous had been some of my own preconceptions. As I denied myself a third tempting pastry, light as a summer cloud, and the dark beauty — at another table — laid down her perfumed cigarette to regard me through her lorgnette, I wondered why I had bought emergency confectioner's chocolate on my way through Paris.</p>
<p>Beneath shaded lamps, light chatter rose after the hush during Massenet's «Élégie.» New Riga was fortifying itself with dainties before going to its 7 o'clock opera. Serious dining would not begin until eleven, when the cabarets would take up the task of entertaining where café and «Carmen» left off.</p>
<p>Riga, but yesterday cluttered with barricades and cratered with shellfire, now bustles with life so irrepressible that after the town cabarets have ceased to sparkle, at two in the morning, new Latvia goes out to Luna Park, in the once splendid Kaiserwald, to eat, drink, and be merry until the sun rises over the Stintsee and touches to flame the narrow lines of gold which divide into pockets the orange domes of the Greek Catholic Cathedral.</p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Entrance to The Hall of The Blackheads (see text, page 401) : RIGABefore the door are the figures of the Virgin Mary and Saint Maurice, while Saint George perches on its roof-tree and King Arthur on its clock. Upstairs in the Schwarzhaupterhaus, as it is familiarly called, there is an assembly hall walled in by expansive pictures of the former great. A windowless room in the basement houses the shield, boots, stirrups, and mail shirt of Gustavus Adolphus, a blue satin slipper of Anne, Duchess of Courland from 1711 to 1730, who evidently captured the fancy of these imperturbable bachelors, and numerous other relics.Photograph by Carl Schneider" src="/f/u/01-entrance-to-the-hall-fo-the-blackheads.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Entrance to The Hall of The Blackheads (<a href="#hall-of-blackheads-text">see text, page 401</a>) : RIGA</strong><br/>Before the door are the figures of the Virgin Mary and Saint Maurice, while Saint George perches on its roof-tree and King Arthur on its clock. Upstairs in the Schwarzhaupterhaus, as it is familiarly called, there is an assembly hall walled in by expansive pictures of the former great. A windowless room in the basement houses the shield, boots, stirrups, and mail shirt of Gustavus Adolphus, a blue satin slipper of Anne, Duchess of Courland from 1711 to 1730, who evidently captured the fancy of these imperturbable bachelors, and numerous other relics.<br/><em>Photograph by Carl Schneider</em></figcaption></figure>
<p>Latvia suffered worse from the war than did Belgium. In the Riga district alone, 24.000 buildings were completely destroyed; but Riga is still an unbelievably fine city. In the birthright of achieved freedom, the new capital got something the best of it. Already a splendid metropolis, with fine streets, excellent buildings, and a wonderful center-of-the-city park system, it had grafted on to it a more or less expensive government, with nine legations abroad and the most perfectly balanced budget in the world, though the means of balancing it would make a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Blondin">Blondin</a> envious.</p>
<p>The wealth of Latvia is in its farms. Industry is almost dead; trade is reduced to a fraction of its former volume; yet Riga is a city of luxury, and the countryside which furnishes the wealth seems cheerless and poverty-stricken by comparison.</p>
<p>Ten years ago Latvia's largest city had four times as many industrial workers as there are now in the whole Republic. The quaint «Old Town,» bristling with church spires, had become encircled by industrial plants which supplied Russia with a diversity of products. Now those chimneys give forth no smoke, hundreds of those windows are broken, and many of those factory walls lie in ruins.</p>
<p>The machinery was evacuated into Russia during the war and, furthermore, there are no markets in which competition with western Europe is possible.</p>
<p>The largest factory in Riga makes rubbers. If there was any place in the world last summer where there was a need for rubbers, raincoats, and diving suits, that place was Latvia; yet if the Provodnik factory in Riga worked at full capacity for a week, it would produce enough rubber goods to last Latvia and the surrounding countries for a year.</p>
<p>To rehabilitate the factories would not only flood the available markets with goods for which there would be scant sale, but would also flood Riga with communist laborers, whose presence in such numbers would menace the stability of the State.</p>
<p><a id="ref-castle"></a></p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="The &amp;quot;White House&amp;quot; of LatviaThe old Schloss of Riga, now the home of the President of Latvia, was erected in 1330 by the Teutonic Order, rebuilt between 1491 and 1515, and altered in 1682 and 1783.Photograph by Carl Schneider" src="/f/u/02-the-white-house-of-latvia.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>The &quot;White House&quot; of Latvia</strong><br/>The old Schloss of Riga, now the home of the President of Latvia, was erected in 1330 by the Teutonic Order, rebuilt between 1491 and 1515, and altered in 1682 and 1783.<br/><em>Photograph by Carl Schneider</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Interior of The Cathedral of The Virgin, in RigaOn the left of the aisle of this brick church, begun in 1211, are the pews belonging to the Blackheads, a society of bachelors of the better class who enjoyed considerable influence during the fifteenth century, with the kinky-haired Moor's head, their insignia, much in evidence (see text, page 401). This peculiar emblem of the order was probably adopted because Maurice, their patron saint, was usually considered a Moor.Photograph by Maynard Owen William" src="/f/u/03-interior-of-the-catedral-of-the-virgin.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Interior of The Cathedral of The Virgin, in Riga</strong><br/>On the left of the aisle of this brick church, begun in 1211, are the pews belonging to the Blackheads, a society of bachelors of the better class who enjoyed considerable influence during the fifteenth century, with the kinky-haired Moor's head, their insignia, much in evidence (<a href="#hall-of-blackheads-text">see text, page 401</a>). This peculiar emblem of the order was probably adopted because Maurice, their patron saint, was usually considered a Moor.<br/><em>Photograph by Maynard Owen William</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Latvian Soldiers on The Esplanade at Riga During A Military CompetitionDuring the last eight years five wars have swept over the little Latvian nation. It is an easy matter to remember the military strength of the country. They are a nation of 2,000,000, with a standing army of 20,000 and 2,000 Boy Scouts.Photograph by J. Reeksta" src="/f/u/04-latvian-soldiers-at-the-esplanade.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Latvian Soldiers on The Esplanade at Riga During A Military Competition</strong><br/>During the last eight years five wars have swept over the little Latvian nation. It is an easy matter to remember the military strength of the country. They are a nation of 2,000,000, with a standing army of 20,000 and 2,000 Boy Scouts.<br/><em>Photograph by J. Reeksta</em></figcaption></figure>
<p><a id="ref-shelters"></a></p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="An Old Couple, Living in A Former Gun Emplacement Southwest of RigaMany of the small farmers, who formerly cultivated plots belonging to the Baltic barons, arc now tilling their own soil. More than 10,000 of them to-day arc raising flax, hay and vegetables, or cattle and bees on land which has been taken from the Russian Crown properties and from large estates (see text, page 424).Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams" src="/f/u/05-an-old-couple-living-in-a-former-gun-emplacement.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>An Old Couple, Living in A Former Gun Emplacement Southwest of Riga</strong><br/>Many of the small farmers, who formerly cultivated plots belonging to the Baltic barons, arc now tilling their own soil. More than 10,000 of them to-day arc raising flax, hay and vegetables, or cattle and bees on land which has been taken from the Russian Crown properties and from large estates (<a href="#ref-424">see text, page 424</a>).<br/><em>Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams</em></figcaption></figure>
<p><a id="map-405"></a></p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="A Map of The Baltic Republic of LatviaThe boundaries of the new nation, which has an area about half as large as New York State and a population about equal to that of Philadelphia, roughly outline a recumbent blackamoor's head, with his kinky pate toward Russia, the profile thrust against southern Esthonia, the narrow throat at Riga, and the back resting upon Lithuania (see text, page 401). The place names are in the spelling now appearing on maps published by the Latvian Government. The more familiar German or Russian names in most instances have been given in parentheses.Drawn by Charles E. Riddiford" src="/f/u/06-a-map-of-the-baltic-republic-of-lartvia.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>A Map of The Baltic Republic of Latvia</strong><br/>The boundaries of the new nation, which has an area about half as large as New York State and a population about equal to that of Philadelphia, roughly outline a recumbent blackamoor's head, with his kinky pate toward Russia, the profile thrust against southern Esthonia, the narrow throat at Riga, and the back resting upon Lithuania (<a href="#ref-401">see text, page 401</a>). The place names are in the spelling now appearing on maps published by the Latvian Government. The more familiar German or Russian names in most instances have been given in parentheses.<br/><em>Drawn by Charles E. Riddiford</em></figcaption></figure>
<p>In Riga there is free import and export of gold and silver, and during my prolonged stay in Latvia the exchange rate did not vary a santime. In present-day Europe these two facts stand out like twin lighthouses marking a channel between dark and dangerous coasts.</p>
<p>In 1922 there were many things which one simply could not buy. An automobile for pleasure purposes was almost a curiosity. Food was cheap, but of poor quality. Drink was a memory and a hope. To-day the shops have everything one can ask for. When he has discovered the proper places, the traveler can dine better in Riga than in most European capitals. The wine card now reads like a reparations bill, interminably long and with exceedingly high figures.</p>
<p>Although the cost of taxis is three times what it is in Paris, your modern Lett thinks nothing of running down to the Strand in summer just for the cooling ride along the sand dunes beside the Baltic. After years of tossing on the stormy sea of war and uncertainty, Jack Lett is spending his money like a sailor ashore.</p>
<h2>Riga's Contradictions</h2>
<p><a id="ref-skyline"></a></p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="The Sky Line of Riga From Across The DaugavaAt the extreme left is the tower of the Schloss, the home of the Latvian President, and at the right the tower of the Rathaus, or former city hall, built in 1750. Already the progressive and industrious Letts are making plans to harness the waters of the Daugava (Düna) as a hydro-electric remedy for the nation's shortage of coal.Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams" src="/f/u/07-skyline-of-riga-from-across.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>The Sky Line of Riga From Across The Daugava</strong><br/>At the extreme left is the tower of the Schloss, the home of the Latvian President, and at the right the tower of the Rathaus, or former city hall, built in 1750. Already the progressive and industrious Letts are making plans to harness the waters of the Daugava (Düna) as a hydro-electric remedy for the nation's shortage of coal.<br/><em>Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams</em></figcaption></figure>
<p>Riga is a homelike city without an individual home: a fresh green city without a single private lawn, and with immaculate streets kept clean by women whitewings; a city of flower girls wrinkled with age and women «newsies» who seem better fitted to fireside gossip than to sitting out in the cold rain selling Latvia's surprising variety of newspapers and journals; of elevators in which only the favored ride: of ultramodern cabarets and lotto clubs that succeed where dance halls fail: of countless children and parks; of stylish, trim, silk-stockinged city women and knobby-ankled, stocky country women to whom dress is a matter of warmth and modesty; of splendid churches where the services are all held in German, and an equally splendid Opera where Wagner is sung in Lettish; of extraordinarily good portrait photographers and people who object to modern portraits and want each detail sharp, so that every hair, if not numbered, can be counted if necessary.</p>
<h2>The Latvian President's Unique Flag</h2>
<p>Strictly speaking, Riga is not a seaport, and because of this fact is closed to navigation for a few weeks in winter. Vessels drawing up to 22 feet find, in the midst of a flat, uninteresting coast, a narrow river up which they come for ten miles before tying up to the quay beside the cream-colored walls of the old castle (<a href="#ref-castle">see page 403</a>).</p>
<p>Having already served for 160 years, this ancient schhss was rebuilt while Columbus was trying to get Ferdinand and Isabella to finance his faith. Above one of the round towers there flies, not the flag of Latvia, with its red and white cross on a white field, but a white flag, quartered by twin bars of red, whose inner ends inclose two griffins supporting a shield on which they are repeated below a rising sun and three stars.</p>
<p>The griffin on the left is red on a silver field and stands for Kurzeme (Courland) and Zemgale. the two southwest provinces. The other griffin looks like the same thing seen from the other side of the fabric, being silver on red, except that it brandishes a dagger and stands for Vidzeme (Livonia) and Latgale. A garland of oak leaves and a ribbon with a white line between two red ones suggest the Latvian colors.</p>
<p>This intricate banner is that of the President of the Republic of Latvia, born November 18, 1918. Its presence on that ancient castle, dating back nearly 600 years, proclaims it to be the nation's White House.</p>
<p>The prosaic walls of Riga facing the Daugava assume a fairy splendor when sunset pulls them out from the background of lowering heavens and bathes them in quicksilver or gilds them with gold. Only then are they worthy of the towering spires which so distinguish the city's sky line (<a href="#ref-skyline">see page 406</a>).</p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Snowclad Riga from The Open Country across The DaugavaSince the practical demise of Leningrad (Petrograd), Riga is probably the most important, commercially and industrially, of the earstwhile Russian towns on the Baltic.Photograph by J. Reeksta" src="/f/u/08-snowclad-riga-from-the-open-country-across-the-daugava.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Snowclad Riga from The Open Country across The Daugava</strong><br/>Since the practical demise of Leningrad (Petrograd), Riga is probably the most important, commercially and industrially, of the earstwhile Russian towns on the Baltic.<br/><em>Photograph by J. Reeksta</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="The National Opera of Riga From across The Canal Which Divides The Old City from The NewOne real pride of the Opera from the Lettish standpoint is that German. French, and Italian have been abolished from the librettos and the words are now sung in Lettish (see text, page 409), a storm of national patriotism having overtaken the Letts, who have won their independence after having cherished it as a subject people for 700 years.Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams" src="/f/u/09-the-national-opera-of-riga.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>The National Opera of Riga From across The Canal Which Divides The Old City from The New</strong><br/>One real pride of the Opera from the Lettish standpoint is that German. French, and Italian have been abolished from the librettos and the words are now sung in Lettish (<a href="#ref-text-opera">see text, page 409</a>), a storm of national patriotism having overtaken the Letts, who have won their independence after having cherished it as a subject people for 700 years.<br/><em>Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="The Old Scorns The NewMother at the left sticks to her knitting and will have nothing to do with the new-fangled sewing machine. But she is not in touch with the spirit of the Latvian Republic, which is eagerly buying American-made plows, harvesters, tractors, and textile machinery. The new Government even went so far as to purchase tractors to lend out in war-devastated districts to facilitate reconstruction work.Photograph by Klio" src="/f/u/10-the-old-scorns-the-new.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>The Old Scorns The New</strong><br/>Mother at the left sticks to her knitting and will have nothing to do with the new-fangled sewing machine. But she is not in touch with the spirit of the Latvian Republic, which is eagerly buying American-made plows, harvesters, tractors, and textile machinery. The new Government even went so far as to purchase tractors to lend out in war-devastated districts to facilitate reconstruction work.<br/><em>Photograph by Klio</em></figcaption></figure>
<p><a id="ref-text-opera"></a></p>
<h2>Women Check Their Hats at The Lettish Opera</h2>
<p>Under a blue sky and from the side, the Opera is so barnlike that one expects to read on its roof that &quot;Children cry for it.'' But by late afternoon, when the sun has crept around to the classic facade, this building becomes a charming casket, of silver or gold, according to the light.</p>
<p>By moonlight these yellow walls turn marble and the colonnade in front reminds one of the Parthenon. The interior is rather plain, except for rich hangings on the side boxes and the decorations of the President's loge, in the center of the lowest of three horseshoe balconies.</p>
<p>Opera is well mounted here and well sung, although the Lettish words in «Tosca» or Carmen,« »Rigoletto« or »Faust&quot; sound strange. There are too many consonants and they get in one another's way.</p>
<p>The principals are well cast and the chorus is large and, from a musical standpoint, well trained. The young women, with their naturally fine figures, have a charm which exceeds that of the chorus in Paris.</p>
<p>Tickets in Riga costs from four to eighty cents. Ladies must check their hats and men their coats, without charge or tips. When the curtain goes up, the doors are closed and the late comer misses an act. Evening dress is little indulged in and the &quot;walk around'' between the acts, though not showy, is pleasant.</p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="The Harbor of Riga in WinterThe future holds great promise for Latvia, not because of its own resources alone, but because its three magnificent harbors provide logical outlets for the great wealth of the as yet unorganized Russia. Riga is ice-bound for only about four weeks during the year, and Liepaja (Libau) and Ventspils (Windau) for perhaps four days each. Dredging operations at Ventspils are now under way in order to make it possible for the largest ocean-going vessels to dock at its wharves.Photograph by J. Reeksta" src="/f/u/11-the-harbor-of-riga-in-winter.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>The Harbor of Riga in Winter</strong><br/>The future holds great promise for Latvia, not because of its own resources alone, but because its three magnificent harbors provide logical outlets for the great wealth of the as yet unorganized Russia. Riga is ice-bound for only about four weeks during the year, and Liepaja (Libau) and Ventspils (Windau) for perhaps four days each. Dredging operations at Ventspils are now under way in order to make it possible for the largest ocean-going vessels to dock at its wharves.<br/><em>Photograph by J. Reeksta</em></figcaption></figure>
<p><a id="ref-market-images"></a></p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Mushroom Seekers in The Alexander Market of RigaPhotograph by Maynard Owen Williams" src="/f/u/12-mushroom-sellers-in-the-alexander-market.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Mushroom Seekers in The Alexander Market of Riga</strong><br/><em>Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Three Latvian Pretzel PeddlersPhotograph by Maynard Owen Williams" src="/f/u/13-three-latvian-pretzel-peddlers.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Three Latvian Pretzel Peddlers</strong><br/><em>Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="A Few of The Dozen or So Varieties of Bread Offered in The Liepaja MarketVarious forms of bread, ranging from pea-shooter ammunition, through wedding and teething rings and ring-toss circles, to life-preservers, are ordinarily displayed. The balloon-tire variety in the photograph is Russian and tastes like a combination doughnut, educator biscuit, and hard-tack (see text, page 418).Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams" src="/f/u/14-a-few-of-the-dozen-or-so-varieties-of-bread-offered-in-liepaja-market.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>A Few of The Dozen or So Varieties of Bread Offered in The Liepaja Market</strong><br/>Various forms of bread, ranging from pea-shooter ammunition, through wedding and teething rings and ring-toss circles, to life-preservers, are ordinarily displayed. The balloon-tire variety in the photograph is Russian and tastes like a combination doughnut, educator biscuit, and hard-tack (<a href="#ref-riga-food-market">see text, page 418</a>).<br/><em>Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams</em></figcaption></figure>
<h2>Latvia's Early History is Legendary</h2>
<p>Latvia modestly claims to be 5,000 years old.</p>
<p>Undoubtedly the Letts have inhabited their land from a very early date, but inasmuch as folklore, superstitious rites, and pagan ceremonies were more common than reading, writing, or arithmetic, their remote beginnings are lost in a fog of legend.</p>
<p>By the middle of the 12th century exact records came into use, and with the introduction of Christianity by Bishop Meinhard the history of Livonia begins to take definite shape. In 1201 Bishop Albert founded Riga and the next year founded the Order of the Brothers of the Sword, a group of northern Crusaders who paved the way for the Baltic barons and their huge landholdings, which are only now being broken up.</p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="The Whitewings of RigaThese street-cleaning women do their work well, the thoroughfares and parks being maintained in perfect condition. In fact, all Latvia seems to be experiencing a &amp;quot;spring-cleaning&amp;quot; spree. Every missing brick in Riga dislodged by war or neglect is being replaced.Photograph by Klio" src="/f/u/15-the-whitewings-of-riga.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>The Whitewings of Riga</strong><br/>These street-cleaning women do their work well, the thoroughfares and parks being maintained in perfect condition. In fact, all Latvia seems to be experiencing a &quot;spring-cleaning&quot; spree. Every missing brick in Riga dislodged by war or neglect is being replaced.<br/><em>Photograph by Klio</em></figcaption></figure>
<p><a id="ref-flee-market"></a></p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="A Corner of The Riga Flower MarketThe flower girls of Latvia are more often than not wrinkled with age and bent by toil. But Latvia owes a heavy debt to its women, who drive the wagons, harvest the flax, pile up the grain, tend the cattle, sweep the streets, pull the carts, run the hotels, tend the street markets, keep the stores, shovel the sawdust, and juggle the lumber.Photograph by J. Reeksta" src="/f/u/16-a-corner-of-the-riga-flower-market.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>A Corner of The Riga Flower Market</strong><br/>The flower girls of Latvia are more often than not wrinkled with age and bent by toil. But Latvia owes a heavy debt to its women, who drive the wagons, harvest the flax, pile up the grain, tend the cattle, sweep the streets, pull the carts, run the hotels, tend the street markets, keep the stores, shovel the sawdust, and juggle the lumber.<br/><em>Photograph by J. Reeksta</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="An Egg-seller Inspecting Her Wares in A Riga MarketThe virtue of every egg is proved by &amp;quot;candling&amp;quot; it with the aid of a square of brown paper wound to form a tube.Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams" src="/f/u/17-an-egg-seller-inspecting-her-wares.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>An Egg-seller Inspecting Her Wares in A Riga Market</strong><br/>The virtue of every egg is proved by &quot;candling&quot; it with the aid of a square of brown paper wound to form a tube.<br/><em>Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams</em></figcaption></figure>
<p>When the Order of the Sword was threatened, it amalgamated with the Teutonic Order, whose sanction of force as a means of Christianization was like unto theirs. They found plenty of fighting for several centuries.</p>
<p>The conquest of Riga by Gustavus Adolphus, the year after the Mayflower accomplished her historic voyage, was the biggest boost toward freedom that had been given to the Letts.</p>
<p>A Russian Tsar next laid waste the land, but failed to capture Riga. Under Peter the Great, Russia assumed control and civil, religious, and linguistic rights were granted. In 1795 Courland was d e finitely annexed to Russia, and in the time of Alexander III's imperial policies the Russian language was forced on the people.</p>
<p>All this time, from 1200 on. the German landlords were «digging in» for a long occupation, which was recently disturbed, but even yet their tenure is not decided, as the price of the lands taken over by the Republic of Latvia has not been paid to the former exploiters.</p>
<p>All this is rather complex. If one believes the colors on the different maps, Germany. Poland, Sweden, and Russia all have rights in a territory of which the Letts have had possession for thousands of years.</p>
<p>The revolution of 1905 gave to the government of the Tsar and the German landlords a good clue to what was coming to them, and for 13 years the Letts stored up hate and patriotism against the day when a combination of the two woidd win their freedom. A present difficulty is that hate, in achieving its purpose, developed a momentum of its own.</p>
<p>Chauvinism does not rule in Latvia. Peace and security are general, but every position held by a Russian or a German is subject to attacks. Because the Russian theater was habitually crowded and the Lettish theater almost empty during my visit, some enthusiast thought it bright to dash out the lights and fire a revolver over the heads of the crowd.</p>
<p>On the other hand, the Government, thinking that many citizens would want to change their names with the coming of freedom, opened an office for that purpose. When the sole applicant desired to change her name from Lettish to German, the office was closed.</p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Preparing His Flax for MarketTrade in Latvian flax is a Government monopoly. England, France and Belgium are the chief customers.Photograph by J. Reeksta" src="/f/u/18-preparing-his-flax-for-market.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Preparing His Flax for Market</strong><br/>Trade in Latvian flax is a Government monopoly. England, France and Belgium are the chief customers.<br/><em>Photograph by J. Reeksta</em></figcaption></figure>
<p><a id="ref-land-of-three-languages"></a></p>
<h1>A Land of Three Languages</h1>
<p>Many Letts speak three languages. It is a fact of which to be proud. But liberty achieved gave the people an astigmatism toward Russian and German, both of which are world languages. Lettish, for all the fact that it is an Indo — European tongue, perhaps allied to Sanskrit, serves fewer people than there are in Philadelphia, in an area smaller than Maine.</p>
<p>In the old days the signs in Riga were trilingual, with Lettish at the bottom of the list. After seven centuries of cruel exploitation and months of bitter fighting against Germany and Russia, the Letts did not like to see two hated languages above their own. They had new signs printed, with the Lettish at the top and German and Russian below.</p>
<p>A small chauvinistic element, freshmanlike, went even farther. On brand-new signs, paid for by the State, which proclaimed in three languages that dogs should not be allowed to run loose in Riga's truly beautiful parks, the German and Russian portions were tarred out, so that it a man can't read Lettish his dog has some excuse for running wild.</p>
<p>At street-car stops, the Russian on the signposts is painted out, a bar of iron completely covers the German, and the Lettish is the only language which can be read (<a href="#ref-sign-image">see illustration, page 417</a>). If one asks the way in German he is naturally directed to streets by their German names; but when he comes to a street sign, both Russian and German having been crossed out, the remaining name bears no relation to the one given him.</p>
<p>The foreigner who speaks Russian or German is looked at askance. Libau has been a port since the days when Latvia was Amber Land and Phoenicians here secured that golden commodity, leaving coins behind as links between the Baltic and the Mediterranean. For hundreds of years Libau has been its name. To-day it is called Liepaja. and the man who unthinkingly asks for a ticket to Libau may miss his train while the ticket-seller, who can't be expected to know everything, tries to recollect just where «Libau» is. One sails from New York to Libau, but from Liepaja to New York.</p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Shipping Flax from RigaPhotograph by Klio" src="/f/u/19-shipping-flax-from-riga.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Shipping Flax from Riga</strong><br/><em>Photograph by Klio</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="A Corner of The Flea Market in The Moscow Suburb of RigaFrom one end of prewar Russia to the other the sale of second-hand odds and ends, held usually in the street, is highly popular and is still counted on by the poor to provide the things that might be bought for a fraction more in a regular shop. These are sometimes spoken of as thieves' market (see text, page 418)Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams" src="/f/u/20-corner-of-the-flea-market-in-the-moscow-suburb-of-riga.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>A Corner of The Flea Market in The Moscow Suburb of Riga</strong><br/>From one end of prewar Russia to the other the sale of second-hand odds and ends, held usually in the street, is highly popular and is still counted on by the poor to provide the things that might be bought for a fraction more in a regular shop. These are sometimes spoken of as thieves' market (<a href="#ref-riga-food-market">see text, page 418</a>)<br/><em>Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams</em></figcaption></figure>
<p><a id="ref-sign-image"></a></p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="A &amp;quot;Car-stop&amp;quot; Sign in RigaUnder the Russians, Riga was admittedly a trilingual city. This sign originally had words in Russian at the top, in German in the middle, and in Lettish at the bottom. The Letts have painted over the Russian, fastened a bar of iron over the German, and left Lettish as the only guide (see text, page 415).Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams" src="/f/u/21-a-car-stop-sign-in-riga.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>A &quot;Car-stop&quot; Sign in Riga</strong><br/>Under the Russians, Riga was admittedly a trilingual city. This sign originally had words in Russian at the top, in German in the middle, and in Lettish at the bottom. The Letts have painted over the Russian, fastened a bar of iron over the German, and left Lettish as the only guide (<a href="#ref-land-of-three-languages">see text, page 415</a>).<br/><em>Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams</em></figcaption></figure>
<h2>Women Whitewings Keep Riga Neat</h2>
<p>Perhaps Riga is too splendid a city for the present life of Latvia. Reduced to one-third of its population and changed from an industrial city to a white-collar capital, it cannot put all of itself in repair. There are sections where bats will nest before workers again occupy the existing buildings. But, leaving aside these restricted areas, Riga is neat and trim.</p>
<p>From one end of Latvia to the other, bridges are being rebuilt, roads restored to their former excellence, buildings put in order, and signs painted. Even the superstitious must walk under ladders.</p>
<p>The women whitewings do their work well; An hour after the open-air markets have broken up, the piles of litter are removed. The parks are maintained in perfect condition, and the great masses of old-fashioned flowers are laid out with painstaking care. Riga comes as near to being a spotless town as any city in Europe.</p>
<p>Within a stone's throw of the American Consulate one can buy American typewriters, adding and duplicating machines, but the old-time abacus is used in the Piank of Latvia. The cashier, in true bureaucrat style, calmly blew a cloud of cigarette smoke in my face and then demanded my name, as though I were a rookie reporting for drill. At another bank I was exceptionally well treated. But the more an American sees of foreign banking methods, the more he appreciates the courtesy, the dispatch, and the efficiency of the American institution, be it in Washington, New York, Chicago, or Paris.</p>
<p>During my stay, the Letts were making the change from roubles to latts or gold francs, at 50 roubles or 100 santimes to the latt. The confusion was indescribable.</p>
<p>The Lett, like Riga, is a strange mixture of old and new. He has the qualities of primitive peasant and pushing business man. Carrying his brief case toward the Bourse, he still suggests the soil. A city dweller in appearance, a man who would be awkward at a plow handle or a horse's head, he nevertheless seems to have his family tree set in a farm.</p>
<h2>Lotto Is Latvia's Mah Jong, Bridge, and Poker</h2>
<p>The Letts love all kinds of amusements, but the one indoor sport that can break up anything, from a dance or a dinner to a political meeting or a movie, is lotto. The most sumptuous dancing palace in Riga has been given over to this game, which holds the people under its spell until the policeman who guards the door comes to say that the party is over for the night.</p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="An Outdoor Meal at Nica, Formerly Niederbartau, South of Liepaja, on The River BartaPhotograph by J. Reeksta" src="/f/u/22-outdoor-meal-at-nica.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>An Outdoor Meal at Nica, Formerly Niederbartau, South of Liepaja, on The River Barta</strong><br/><em>Photograph by J. Reeksta</em></figcaption></figure>
<p>Two or three hundred people of both sexes sit at tables littered with lotto cards in a room which the men keep idled with smoke. Although the lottery machine into which the numbered balls are poured is designed to break up any logical sequence, it is an admirable place to learn to count. In a clear but monotonous voice the man at the machine calls out the numbers in Lettish, German, and Russian, as they fall from the machine. Lotto ignores linguistic chauvinism, and for those to whom three languages are not enough there is a score board on which the numbers are displayed.</p>
<p><a id="ref-riga-food-market"></a></p>
<h2>In Riga's Vegetable and Fruit Market</h2>
<p>Every day Riga renews its touch with the soil. Along the quay and in the old Alexander Platz are held the open-air markets to which the peasants bring their flowers, vegetables, fruits, and mushrooms. Instead of such low groggeries as one expects to find alongshore in a port city, there are long rows of country wagons full of cabbages and kraut, carrots, potatoes, and onions.</p>
<p>Here and there wander the few Rus-sians who carry over their shoulders strings of teething-ring hard-tack like single-jointed pretzels, which they peddle to those with Slavic tastes (<a href="#ref-market-images">see page 411</a>).</p>
<p>There are many kinds of fruit. On a single visit I found cherries, pears, apples, blueberries, gooseberries, and raspberries, plums, currants, and a red berry which no one could name for me in English, but which is gathered in the woods and is most popular of all. The strawberries grown beside the Baltic are said to surpass any the rest of the world can offer.</p>
<p>Vegetables are plentiful and of excellent quality, but the restaurants seem to consider it their duty to charge relatively high prices for them, to remove the taint of their plebeian origin. An order of a few carrots or some delicious cauliflower costs as much as a filet mignon which melts in the mouth.</p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Preparing Latvian Timber for MarketA fourth of the area of Latvia is forest-clad. Sawn timber, furniture, paper, matches, wood distillates, and agricultural implements are exported.Photograph by Klio" src="/f/u/23-preparing-latvian-timber-for-market.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Preparing Latvian Timber for Market</strong><br/>A fourth of the area of Latvia is forest-clad. Sawn timber, furniture, paper, matches, wood distillates, and agricultural implements are exported.<br/><em>Photograph by Klio</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="A Little Rest in A Latvian WoodDuring the four months of spring and summer the peasants work from 4 in the morning until 7, when they have breakfast. Work after breakfast, work alter luncheon, and work after the evening meal is their continuous program while the crops are growing. In the winter there are repairs to be made and threshing, weaving, and spinning to be done.Photograph by J. Reeksta" src="/f/u/24-little-rest-in-a-latvian-wood.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>A Little Rest in A Latvian Wood</strong><br/>During the four months of spring and summer the peasants work from 4 in the morning until 7, when they have breakfast. Work after breakfast, work alter luncheon, and work after the evening meal is their continuous program while the crops are growing. In the winter there are repairs to be made and threshing, weaving, and spinning to be done.<br/><em>Photograph by J. Reeksta</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Winter in The Woods near RigaMore than three-fourths of the trees in Latvia's great wooded expanse are conifers. The timber exports reach $6,000,000 annually. The Government does not exploit its forests, but auctions the privilege of cutting in certain areas.Photograph by J. Reeksta" src="/f/u/25-winter-in-the-woods-near-riga.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Winter in The Woods near Riga</strong><br/>More than three-fourths of the trees in Latvia's great wooded expanse are conifers. The timber exports reach $6,000,000 annually. The Government does not exploit its forests, but auctions the privilege of cutting in certain areas.<br/><em>Photograph by J. Reeksta</em></figcaption></figure>
<p><a id="ref-zakusala"></a></p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="The Lower End of The Island of Hasenholm, With The Railway Bridge and The Steeples of Riga in The DistanceMuch of Latvia's valuable wood crop is annually turned into manufactured products. Five of the Republic's large paper mills export part of their output to Soviet Russia, England and United States.Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams" src="/f/u/26-lower-end-of-the-island-of-hasenholm.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>The Lower End of The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Za%C4%B7usala">Island of Hasenholm</a>, With The Railway Bridge and The Steeples of Riga in The Distance</strong><br/>Much of Latvia's valuable wood crop is annually turned into manufactured products. Five of the Republic's large paper mills export part of their output to Soviet Russia, England and United States.<br/><em>Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Lumber Rafts in The Daugava River Above The Riga Railway BridgeHasenholm Island is almost a lumber raft itself, with piles of timber stretching as far as one can see and a fringe of floating logs nearly touching the opposite shores.Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams" src="/f/u/27-lumber-rafts-in-the-daugava-river.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Lumber Rafts in The Daugava River Above The Riga Railway Bridge</strong><br/><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Za%C4%B7usala">Hasenholm Island</a> is almost a lumber raft itself, with piles of timber stretching as far as one can see and a fringe of floating logs nearly touching the opposite shores.<br/><em>Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams</em></figcaption></figure>
<h2>In The Flea Market</h2>
<p>Less spectacular, but equally typical of Old Russia, is the weekly flea market (you don't bargain for 'em, but you get them just the same), which is held in the Moscow suburb on Sundays. Near at hand are rows of small shops, with all sorts of cheap notions, but the flea market proper—if a market with such a name can be proper—is held in the street (<a href="#ref-flee-market">see page 416</a>).</p>
<h2>Things No Thief Would Steal</h2>
<p>These markets are sometimes called thieves' markets, but no thief would steal such junk. They are rather the want-ad columns of provincial trade. Some one has something that he or she does not want and. in order to get rid of it, is willing to go to a fixed place on market day and sit down in the sun, if any, or stand in the rain, as there is likely to be, and watch it until some one takes it off his hands or he has to carry it home again.</p>
<p>Canary birds and religious pictures often figure in the exhibits. There are always books in several languages and sheet music. One man had a lot of old coats for sale, including a bright-blue one with gilt buttons.</p>
<p>«It's a little tight across the front and he is growing fast,» said a capable-looking woman, while her boy eyed the alluring buttons.</p>
<p>«That's the beauty of a double-breasted coat,» urged the peddler. «It can be let out on both sides.» Anyone who knows the Lettish woman knows whether he sold the coat.</p>
<p>There were kid gloves, once white; a stuffed dove, evidently left over from peace negotiations and somewhat the worse for wear; a family Bible with imposing initials on a brass name plate; several 1910 calendars; a spyglass without a back lens; rosy-cheeked savings banks like apples; paper flowers, truer than life; group photographs dating from the time when Dundreary whiskers and a derby were signs of male beauty.</p>
<p>Along the curb were several shoe dealers. (If the shoes look about right, you try them on yourself.) A woman sat down on a rheumatic sofa to pull on a pair.</p>
<p>«Do you want to break that sofa?» asked the owner.</p>
<p>«No,» answered the woman, assuming a storklike position and tugging at the rough shoe. «I was trying it out, thinking I might buy it. But if it's so weak, I won't take it.»</p>
<p>There was a good-looking violin, but the dealer, who was not a virtuoso, drove the thought of buying out of the minds of everyone present by playing a few bars to show how good it was.</p>
<p>There were stringless tennis rackets; a pile of collars and cuffs, which had been worn but not laundered ; ribbons, sweaters, beads, and beds; and baby carriages that had earned their way thither by acting as delivery vans. The prize of one man's collection was a high heel from a lady's slipper covered with scarlet kid.</p>
<p>Earnest arguments everywhere, but no real noise—only the low buzz of a well-oiled business machine.</p>
<p>Riga, like Leningrad (Petrograd). has a time schedule all its own. Daylight-saving might well have originated there, for the city people use as little of it as possible. Whether it is that the white nights of summer instill late habits which carry over into fall, or whether the winter nights are so long that they don't know what to do with daylight when they have it, one can't say. Nothing but the opera gets under way until late. About the time that New Yorkers, permanent or temporary, are pouring forth from half a hundred theaters, the Lettish pleasure-seeker is just beginning to enjoy his Wiener Schnitzel.</p>
<p>The Government workers have a one-session day, so that they lunch after three. «Where do the people eat?» was a question I asked myself for several days. It was the «when» of it. that deceived me. Sitting late one rainy afternoon and writing letters in a splendid dining room in which I had three full-dress waiters, a dozen mirrors, a wide expanse of spotless, silver-dotted nappery. and several dozen heavy hand-carved chairs all to myself, I looked up, about tea time, to discover that my monopoly had been broken. The lunchers had arrived.</p>
<p>The 7 o'clock opera thus becomes a sort of matinee and the after-theater cabaret comes into its own. The night life in Riga starts late and reaches top speed long after midnight.</p>
<h2>Latvians Are Fond of The Seashore</h2>
<p>More than half the trains in Latvia in summer run between the capital and the Strand. Motor buses leave the city at seven and return at two in the morning. From Bulli to Dubulti there runs a big wooded dune rising between the summer homes, hidden in the pine forest, and the fine sand beach.</p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="A Woman of RucavaPhotograph by J. Reeksta" src="/f/u/28-a-woman-of-rucava.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>A Woman of Rucava</strong><br/><em>Photograph by J. Reeksta</em></figcaption></figure>
<p>There are several modest bathing houses, and the fishers, after their black boats are beached and the day's catch sent to market, dry their nets on stakes driven into the sand. One fisherman sailed out of San Francisco for many years and speaks good English. As we separated he gave me that parting word which is now popular from Dantzig to Narva when English is spoken. It is less elegant than an Arabic farewell, but it has a home sound after all. Just, «So long!»</p>
<p>Latvia is mainly an agricultural country, about equally divided among cultivated fields, forests, and pastures. Although peatbogs cover some 10 per cent of the land, there is relatively little which the Letts consider useless.</p>
<p><a id="ref-424"></a>The great estates of the Baltic barons are being broken up and new roof trees, crowned with oak wreaths, are rising from one end of the country to the other. Cooperative societies with their own grain elevators, repair shops, experimental farms, agricultural schools, and printing offices, are assuming the burden of technical education, machine buying, and butter and crop selling.</p>
<p>Until the division of the estates, this was borne by the landed proprietors, many of whom entrusted the technical details of their properties to skilled managers and gave themselves to cultural pursuits far above the level to which the poor but literate Letts as a whole could aspire.</p>
<p>Latvia's agrarian reform has not endeared her to all nations, but it has done much to relieve the miseries of a land-hungry peasantry and to prevent communism from becoming paramount in the politics of the State. With Bolshevism pressing in one side and Baltic barons sitting on the lid. something had to happen. The lid blew off.</p>
<p>Although the former proprietors have been left in possession of far larger properties than any of those being distributed to new landholders, the whole problem of agriculture has been materially changed and the day of the tractor delayed. The administration of an estate of 180.000 acres was one thing: its division among 4.500 new proprietors, each owning 40 acres, introduces new problems, economic and technical as well as political.</p>
<p>The enemies of agrarian reform insist that the improvement of the human condition will involve a consequent deterioration of stock and agricultural products.</p>
<p>But Latvia assumes that it can as easily become a second Denmark by approximating the human conditions among the Danes as it can by copying stock-raising methods alone.</p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Lithuanian Coal-Shovelers at The Port of LiepajaSo closely do the neighboring Lithuanians and Letts resemble each other in personal appearance, language, occupations, and the hardships of life that foreigners usually identify them as one.Photograph by Ernest Peterfly" src="/f/u/29-lithuanian-coal-shovelers-at-the-port-of-liepaja.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Lithuanian Coal-Shovelers at The Port of Liepaja</strong><br/>So closely do the neighboring Lithuanians and Letts resemble each other in personal appearance, language, occupations, and the hardships of life that foreigners usually identify them as one.<br/><em>Photograph by Ernest Peterfly</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="A Young Latvian Woman of JelgavaIn the labor of Latvia there is neither age nor sex line. Children assume definite duties at the age of seven, and old women stagger into the towns under heavy loads of toil in water to rescue swamp grass for hay.Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams" src="/f/u/30-young-latvian-woman-of-jelgava.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>A Young Latvian Woman of Jelgava</strong><br/>In the labor of Latvia there is neither age nor sex line. Children assume definite duties at the age of seven, and old women stagger into the towns under heavy loads of toil in water to rescue swamp grass for hay.<br/><em>Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams</em></figcaption></figure>
<h2>The Remains of One of The Finest Roads in The World</h2>
<p>The old chaussée between Berlin and St. Petersburg (Leningrad), across what is now Latvia, was one of the finest roads in the world. My chauffeur, who drove the 30 miles from Riga to Jelgava (Mitau) in two hours, had often made the distance in pre-war days in 35 minutes. There are stretches now where four high-powered cars could race abreast, but at the time of my visit several road crews were hard at work piling stone, crushing it with modern machinery, and resurfacing this highway, which was long subject to shell-fire and war traffic and is only now being thoroughly restored.</p>
<p>The region between Riga and Jelgava has not lost its war look. Trenches still sprawl across the thin soil. Barbed wire entanglements are hidden in the underbrush. Several of the stations are quite dwarfed by piles of barbed wire. Scores of peasants are living in shelters not much better than those used by troops during the war (<a href="#ref-shelters">see page 404</a>).</p>
<p>Cement gun emplacements were boarded up in back and provided with a single window. In one an old woman and her son were living, seemingly contented, with a sunflower garden and a faithful but suspicious dog.</p>
<p>Along the roadsides and in the fields from which hay or grain had been harvested, young girls and boys were watching their herds.</p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="One of The Saviors of The Country — A Latvian Peasant Woman (see text, page 437)Photograph by J. Reeksta" src="/f/u/31-one-of-the-saviors-of-the-country-a-latvian-peasant-woman.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>One of The Saviors of The Country — A Latvian Peasant Woman (<a href="#ref-lett-women">see text, page 437</a>)</strong><br/><em>Photograph by J. Reeksta</em></figcaption></figure>
<p><a id="ref-flax"></a></p>
<h2>Flax, Staff of Latvia's Economic Life</h2>
<p>Flax and lumber are Latvia's main exports, and in Riga both are impressive. Flax is a Government monopoly and is conditioned and inspected as is silk in Japan. Dray after dray goes toward the steamers laden with handkerchief, collar, and lingerie material as yet in a very untidy state, looking like the unkempt swabs with which an attendant erases one's epidermis in a Turkish bath. An inspector thrusts pointed irons through the uncouth bundles to make sure that the soil of Latvia is not being exported as a filler.</p>
<p>We passed scores of flax fields in different parts of Latvia. Although assured that those seen were full size, it was hard to believe that flax was more than a catch-crop filling in odd corners, instead of a mainstay of Lettish commerce, rising to 35.000 tons a year.</p>
<p>The same is true of lumber. The island above the railway bridge across the Daugava is almost a lumber raft itself, with piles of timber stretching as far as one can see and a fringe of floating logs almost touching the opposite shores (<a href="#ref-zakusala">see illustrations, pages 421 and 422</a>. Although one is never out of sight of trees and often in the heart of a forest, it is not until a wharf or a sawmill is approached that the lumber of Latvia becomes impressive.</p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="A Newsgirl of RigaLettish journals predominate, but one can also buy Russian, German and French papers and magazines, as well as the continental editions of two American and several English news-papers at this stand in the Latvian capital.Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams" src="/f/u/32-a-newsgirl-of-riga.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>A Newsgirl of Riga</strong><br/>Lettish journals predominate, but one can also buy Russian, German and French papers and magazines, as well as the continental editions of two American and several English news-papers at this stand in the Latvian capital.<br/><em>Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams</em></figcaption></figure>
<p>At Riga, Liepaja, and Ventspils (Windau), lumberyards are the most prominent features of the scene; yet this squared timber for export represents only one-seventh of the total production, which is not only used for heating and building and for roofing over the hay crop, but also for driving locomotives and factories. Two-thirds of Latvia's lumber is used near the place where it grows; yet her export lumber has made an enviable reputation.</p>
<h2>In The Capital of Courland</h2>
<p>Jelgava, the chief inland town of Latvia, and for centuries, during which it was known as Mitau, the capital of Courland, is a dull place. Its main building was a palace, which took a third of a century to build and was completed in 1772. It always had an aristocratic air, for it not only harbored Louis XVIII of France while Napoleon was playing ducks and drakes with European nobility, but was also the residence of the governor of Courland while that province had its own colony in Africa and owned the island of Tobago, off the coast of Venezuela.</p>
<p>During the Lettish fight for independence the enemy were forced to withdraw from Mitau, but they took time to burn this building in such a thorough manner that the terra-cotta-colored palace was completely gutted and not a bit of charred wood remains attached to the walls.</p>
<p>Jelgava itself lacks distinction. The big cobbled square is surrounded by mediocre buildings, and once the morning market has taken to its wheels and gone home, it is a lonesome place. All around the town are low fields covered with coarse hay, which is harvested as carefully as if it were the choicest timothy or clover. Boats are used for getting about, and one big haycock, with a woman dressed in bright red at the top, was on an island. The rivers here divide into a thousand tiny streams, like the veins in a hand. Small streams run down the Lielupe, which was the <a href="https://tezaurs.lv/mwe:89">Semgaller Aa</a>, to Dubulti, on the Riga Strand.</p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Latvian Girls of Liepaja (Libau) Carrying Home The Day's CatchA species of sea trout, which closely resembles the salmon and is often mistaken for it, is found in abundance in Latvian waters. Whitefish of some of the coarser varieties and herring are also plentiful. Quantities of preserved fish are exported.Photograph by Ernest Peterfly" src="/f/u/33-latvian-girls-of-liepaja-carrying-home-the-days-catch.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Latvian Girls of Liepaja (Libau) Carrying Home The Day's Catch</strong><br/>A species of sea trout, which closely resembles the salmon and is often mistaken for it, is found in abundance in Latvian waters. Whitefish of some of the coarser varieties and herring are also plentiful. Quantities of preserved fish are exported.<br/><em>Photograph by Ernest Peterfly</em></figcaption></figure>
<p>The bright spots in Jelgava, as in every town from Ventspils to Zilupe, are the schools. The crop of young folks is most promising.</p>
<h2>Liepaja's Grain Elevators are Now Quiet</h2>
<p>Liepaja (Libau) lies between a lake and the sea, which were joined in 1703 by a channel, now the Harbor Canal and the busiest part of the port. Along the banks are not only modern elevators and coal hoists, but old warehouses, with antique iron hinges on their doors, which still serve the needs of the city. With Russian and Siberian grainfields not now using Liepaja as an outlet, the elevators are quiet.</p>
<p>North of the city is the large Military Harbor, with dry docks, repair shops, and barracks, which could easily be converted into warehouses.</p>
<p>Liepaja's prewar hinterland extended to the Dnieper and the Don, but it is only 13 miles farther from Moscow than Ventspils is and it may handle much central-Russia trade in winter, when Riga and Leningrad are closed to traffic.</p>
<p>All around Liepaja are the ruins of old forts. After Japanese bayonets pricked the outstretched paws of the Russian bear, Kaiser Wilhelm insisted that these forts were a menace to German prestige in the Baltic and succeeded in getting them blown up.</p>
<p>Outside the harbor is a Russian cruiser, which was sold by the Petrograd Soviet to some junk dealers in Germany, but was sunk while being towed south. Legends are clustered like barnacles about this wreck. It is said that the Moscow Soviet suspected their Petrograd colleagues of using this worn-out cruiser to smuggle gold out of Russia. The main concern of the Liepaja authorities is how to get rid of this hulk, which almost closed their front door and still remains as a gratuitous reminder of two unpopular nations.</p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Fishing Smacks in The Harbor of LiepajaThe Latvian is frugral and every fish is salvaged if possible. The women are here shown picking some of the catch out of the meshes of the nets. Tne years ago 10,000 Lettish fishermen earned their living from the Baltic, but during the World War they were forbidden to continue this pursuit. The survivors are now building up the industry again.Photograph by Ernest Peterfly" src="/f/u/34-fishing-smacks-in-the-harbor-of-liepaja.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Fishing Smacks in The Harbor of Liepaja</strong><br/>The Latvian is frugral and every fish is salvaged if possible. The women are here shown picking some of the catch out of the meshes of the nets. Tne years ago 10,000 Lettish fishermen earned their living from the Baltic, but during the World War they were forbidden to continue this pursuit. The survivors are now building up the industry again.<br/><em>Photograph by Ernest Peterfly</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Celebrating The Feast of Sint John's Day, One of The Merriest of Latvian HolidaysOn the 23d of June country wagons bring great loads of leafy boughs into town for Saint John's Eve, when young and old participate in the festivities. They wraathe their heads with garlands, the farmers fix on poles small barrels filled with wood or tar and ignite them, and the farmers' wives serve great quantities of flag, round cheeses, called Saint John's Day cheese, to be consumed in the intervals between the singing and dancing.Photograph by J. Reeksta" src="/f/u/35-celebrating-the-feast-of-sant-johns-day.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Celebrating The Feast of Sint John's Day, One of The Merriest of Latvian Holidays</strong><br/>On the 23d of June country wagons bring great loads of leafy boughs into town for Saint John's Eve, when young and old participate in the festivities. They wraathe their heads with garlands, the farmers fix on poles small barrels filled with wood or tar and ignite them, and the farmers' wives serve great quantities of flag, round cheeses, called Saint John's Day cheese, to be consumed in the intervals between the singing and dancing.<br/><em>Photograph by J. Reeksta</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="A Primitive Wooden Plow is Still Used by Some Latvian FarmersDespite the adverse conditions under which the peasants worked before the World War, Latvia was a land of prosperous farms and modern dairying establishments. It was often spoken of as the &amp;quot;Denmark of Russia&amp;quot; because of the productivity of its land and the richness of its butter and cheese. Now the independent land-owners are saving their santimes and buying tractors and motor plows, which were practically unknown here in prewar days.Photograph by Ernest Peterfly" src="/f/u/36-primitive-wooden-plow-is-still-used.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>A Primitive Wooden Plow is Still Used by Some Latvian Farmers</strong><br/>Despite the adverse conditions under which the peasants worked before the World War, Latvia was a land of prosperous farms and modern dairying establishments. It was often spoken of as the &quot;Denmark of Russia&quot; because of the productivity of its land and the richness of its butter and cheese. Now the independent land-owners are saving their santimes and buying tractors and motor plows, which were practically unknown here in prewar days.<br/><em>Photograph by Ernest Peterfly</em></figcaption></figure>
<h2>Liepaja's Open-Air Market</h2>
<p>The Liepaja open-air market shows much activity. One starts in at the lower end with barreled fish eloquent of age, moves past enough cabbage heads to provide Russian soup from Daugavpils (Dvinsk) to Vladivostok, and stops to see pink little pigs which came to market in a small cart drawn by a woman, who points out their fine qualities as a mother would show off her baby (<a href="#ref-liepaja-piggies">see page 436</a>.</p>
<p>Mere some young men in uniform told me that photography was not allowed, and the man who collects the daily license money tried to make me pay for «working» in the market place. On investigation I found that, except in special cases, the old Russian laws still hold, and although one could take photographs in Russia immediately after the Revolution, photographs can only be taken in Latvia by special permission.</p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Sowing Carrot Seeds in LatviaIn an earthenware bowl of seeds the peasant places an egg as a symbol of  frugality, a silver coin and a piece of bread as signs of future yield. In the field she puts the seeds in her mouth and then squirts them into the furrows as she walks along.Photograph by Ernest Peterfly" src="/f/u/37-sowing-carrot-seeds.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Sowing Carrot Seeds in Latvia</strong><br/>In an earthenware bowl of seeds the peasant places an egg as a symbol of  frugality, a silver coin and a piece of bread as signs of future yield. In the field she puts the seeds in her mouth and then squirts them into the furrows as she walks along.<br/><em>Photograph by Ernest Peterfly</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Beautiful Old Lettish Costumes, No Longer Generally WornThe traditional attire of the Letts was conspicuous for its richly embossed breast buckles and coronet-shaped headdress, several varieties of which may still be seen occasionally in the Liepaja district, where the ancient costumes are sometimes worn on festive occasions, such as this.Photograph by Ernest Peterfly" src="/f/u/38-beautiful-old-lettish-costumes-no-longer-generally-worn.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Beautiful Old Lettish Costumes, No Longer Generally Worn</strong><br/>The traditional attire of the Letts was conspicuous for its richly embossed breast buckles and coronet-shaped headdress, several varieties of which may still be seen occasionally in the Liepaja district, where the ancient costumes are sometimes worn on festive occasions, such as this.<br/><em>Photograph by Ernest Peterfly</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="A Happy Group From RucavaThe Latvian women seldom wear brightly colored garments, but dress for the most part for comfort in dark, inconspicuous colors, but the women of Rucava have attained distinction for their beautiful homespun cloths and embroideries.Photograph by J. Reeksta" src="/f/u/39-happy-group-from-rucava.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>A Happy Group From Rucava</strong><br/>The Latvian women seldom wear brightly colored garments, but dress for the most part for comfort in dark, inconspicuous colors, but the women of Rucava have attained distinction for their beautiful homespun cloths and embroideries.<br/><em>Photograph by J. Reeksta</em></figcaption></figure>
<p><a id="ref-liepaja-piggies"></a></p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="These Little Pigs Went to The Liepaja Market in A Wagon Drawn by A WomanPhotograph by Maynard Owen Williams" src="/f/u/40-these-little-pigs-went-to-the-liepaja-market-in-a-wagon-drawn-by-a-woman.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>These Little Pigs Went to The Liepaja Market in A Wagon Drawn by A Woman</strong><br/><em>Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Early Morning in The Street Market at LiepajaPhotograph by Maynard Owen Williams" src="/f/u/41-early-morning-in-the-street-market-at-liepaja.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Early Morning in The Street Market at Liepaja</strong><br/><em>Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="The Road Down Into The Valley of The Gauja at SiguldaSigulda, known before the World War as Segewoold, is a summer and winter resort. The ruins of the castle of Segewold, built by the Teutonic Order in 1208 and destroyed in the seventeenth century, and the chateau of the Prince Krapotkin have lent a charm to the prettily wooded slopes of the valley, which cause it to be known as Livonian Switzerland (see text, page 443).Photograph by Klio" src="/f/u/42-road-down-into-the-valley-of-the-gauja-at-sigulda.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>The Road Down Into The Valley of The Gauja at Sigulda</strong><br/>Sigulda, known before the World War as Segewoold, is a summer and winter resort. The ruins of the castle of Segewold, built by the Teutonic Order in 1208 and destroyed in the seventeenth century, and the chateau of the Prince Krapotkin have lent a charm to the prettily wooded slopes of the valley, which cause it to be known as Livonian Switzerland (<a href="#ref-livonijas-sveice">see text, page 443</a>).<br/><em>Photograph by Klio</em></figcaption></figure>
<p>Several times in Liepaja my right to take pictures was challenged and proved by the letter which the Foreign Office had kindly provided. As far as working in the market was concerned. I discovered it was because I stood on a box in order to get a better view of the pink pigs, and as the woman had already paid the tax, she entertained me on her box.</p>
<p>A lot of hard-leather moccasins, or pastalas, were watched over by a young girl wearing a Manchester bandanna. The young Lettish women are taking to colored handkerchiefs in place of the stiff, spotless head-shawls of their mothers, and the majority profit from this touch of color close to fresh cheeks and fine eyes.</p>
<p>Milk and cheese products come next. All these displays are in horse-drawn wagons or in handcarts, only slightly smaller. But across a narrow passage there are the various forms of bread, ranging from pea-shooter ammunition, through wedding and teething rings and ring-toss circles to life-preservers. There are also more orthodox loaves of white bread, crisp of crust, that would grace a French patisserie, and round black loaves which would make good hitching blocks.</p>
<p>Carrots, upon which it would seem that soap and a nail brush had been used, vie with gorgeous dahlias and transparent currants; purple cherries and rosy apples add their decorative effects. The egg-sellers seek a corner to themselves, and farther on there are sellers of notions, and the ubiquitous peddler of glass cutters and crockery cement.</p>
<p><a id="ref-lett-women"></a></p>
<h2>Latvia's Debt To Her Women On The Farms</h2>
<p>Many a young Lett died in liberating his land from German and Russian; but no one can evaluate the debt that Latvia owes to its old women. Like the mean-looking little Latvian ponies, whose endurance rivals that of the shaggy Tarpans of Siberia and central Asia, they do not look splendid; but they are. But for them, the land that is now Latvia would not lie.</p>
<p>Under pressure of enemy occupation, when the land was stripped, of its crops and hunger was the rule, these brave women carried on. To-day they are the backbone of the country, and the whitest collar or fairest throat at the opera does not so embellish the new State as do these wrinkled old women, who toil during the long summer days, then keep on through the long, cold winter, rain or shine, snow or sleet, driving to market and selling the produce—cheery, brave, enduring in the face of a climate that would discourage a Titan.</p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="The HaymakersAgriculture is the economic backbone of Latvia, and the favorite proverb of the Lett is, &amp;quot;He who cares for the land will be fed by the land.&amp;quot; The curious hay-turning implement wielded by some of the workers is peculiarly Latvian and resembles a double-bladed oar. Photograph by J. Reeksta" src="/f/u/43-the-haymakers.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>The Haymakers</strong><br/>Agriculture is the economic backbone of Latvia, and the favorite proverb of the Lett is, &quot;He who cares for the land will be fed by the land.&quot; The curious hay-turning implement wielded by some of the workers is peculiarly Latvian and resembles a double-bladed oar. <br/><em>Photograph by J. Reeksta</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Every Latvian Hayrick Wears A HatHay is valuable enough in Latvia not to have to furnish its own thatch. But wood is plentiful, so the farmer builds a wooden roof supported by four posts on which it can be raised and lowered like the shelves in a modern bookcase (see text, page 427).Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams" src="/f/u/44-every-latvian-hayrick-wears-a-hat.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Every Latvian Hayrick Wears A Hat</strong><br/>Hay is valuable enough in Latvia not to have to furnish its own thatch. But wood is plentiful, so the farmer builds a wooden roof supported by four posts on which it can be raised and lowered like the shelves in a modern bookcase (<a href="#ref-flax">see text, page 427</a>).<br/><em>Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="High-School Boys and Girls of LiepajaThe Latvian Republic outstrips its big neighbor, Russia, in literacy, the census of 1920 showing that 70 per cent of the former's population could read and 63 per cent could both read and write. Before the World War, Latvia claims to have had within what are now its national boundaries a largert number of secondary schools in proportion to its population than any other country.Photograph by V. Grekov" src="/f/u/45-high-school-boys-and-girls-of-liepaja.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>High-School Boys and Girls of Liepaja</strong><br/>The Latvian Republic outstrips its big neighbor, Russia, in literacy, the census of 1920 showing that 70 per cent of the former's population could read and 63 per cent could both read and write. Before the World War, Latvia claims to have had within what are now its national boundaries a largert number of secondary schools in proportion to its population than any other country.<br/><em>Photograph by V. Grekov</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Physical Drill at Kara Osta, The War Harbor of LiepajaDown near the sea clean-limbed young athletes exercise in the stadium, which occupies a former fort, and the fine friendship between the young men and the fresh-cheeked, deep-lunged girls is a joy to see. Hundreds of these young people every year emigrate to the United States.Photograph by Henry Kurskops" src="/f/u/46-physical-drill-at-kara-osta-the-war-harbor-of-liepaja.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Physical Drill at Kara Osta, The War Harbor of Liepaja</strong><br/>Down near the sea clean-limbed young athletes exercise in the stadium, which occupies a former fort, and the fine friendship between the young men and the fresh-cheeked, deep-lunged girls is a joy to see. Hundreds of these young people every year emigrate to the United States.<br/><em>Photograph by Henry Kurskops</em></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Life Now Flows Peacefully In War-Torn Kurzeme (Courland)When dispatches from Riga announced that Latvia had become a republic, the country was found to have many aliases. Latvia, Lettland, Livonia, Livland, Courland, and Latgale are a few of the names by which it has been called.Photograph by Keystone View Company" src="/f/u/47-life-now-flows-peacefully-in-war-torn-kurzeme.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Life Now Flows Peacefully In War-Torn Kurzeme (Courland)</strong><br/>When dispatches from Riga announced that Latvia had become a republic, the country was found to have many aliases. Latvia, Lettland, Livonia, Livland, Courland, and Latgale are a few of the names by which it has been called.<br/><em>Photograph by Keystone View Company</em></figcaption></figure>
<h2>Every Ride Through The Country Provides Thrills</h2>
<p>The Latvian horses are not yet accustomed to the automobile, and every ride in the back country provides thrills— usually for someone else. To watch these Lettish women handle a pair of frightened horses on a narrow road bordered by deep ditches is to know where the modern Amazon drives her steeds. They are as efficient as the men and not half as cruel.</p>
<p>They must feel fear, for when there is a man driving, their motto is «Safety First.» They drop off the load at the first sound of a motor, with scant attention to pride or modesty; but when they hold the reins, they stick, even if the horses jump a ditch and knock over a rail fence. From eight-year-old cowgirl to wrinkled granny, bent forward under a load of fagots, the country women of Latvia are splendid.</p>
<p>At Ventspils I found women driving the wagons, harvesting the flax, piling the grain, tending the cattle, sweeping the streets, pulling the handcarts, running the hotel where I lunched, waiting on table, tending the street markets, keeping the country stores, shoveling the sawdust, and piling the lumber trimmings at the mill.</p>
<p>The heavy lumber was piled by men, with sole-leather platforms strapped to their right shoulders. If moving the light cars was too hard for the women, a horse was used. But that was unusual.</p>
<p>One ride through that countryside where war has wrecked and woman has saved made man power and horse power seem inadequate terms. The woman power of rural Latvia exceeds the man power and horse power combined.</p>
<h2>Future Ports For Russia's Commerce</h2>
<p>Liepaja and Ventspils live in the past and the future. Linked to a huge hinterland by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libava%E2%80%93Romny_Railway">rail to Romni</a> and Moscow they rank with Riga, which has direct rail connection with Tsaritzin, on the lower Volga, as future ports of Russia. Both are ice-free throughout the year, but for the present they sit there beside their almost deserted harbors dreaming of the past and planning for the future.</p>
<p>Latvia is making great claims as a future transit country, and the evidence of the past is in her favor. In prewar days one-fourth of Russia's immense tonnage passed through ports now Latvian.</p>
<p>It is impressive that between 1919 and 1922 the number of usable locomotives increased from 111 to 320. But 320 locomotives and about the same number of passenger coaches are utterly inadequate to maintain service over nearly 2.000 miles of track—broad, standard, and narrow gauge. Freight cars are jacked up and their axles changed from one gauge to another for passage from the European to Russian lines. But this is not done with passenger cars.</p>
<p><a id="ref-livonijas-sveice"></a></p>
<h2>A Visit to The «Latvian Switzerland»</h2>
<p>One morning in Riga I woke to find the sun shining. It occurred to me that it was a good day for an excursion to Sigulda (Segewold) and the Latvian Switzerland. The same thought evidently occurred to most of the residents of Riga.</p>
<p>By twenty minutes before train time there were enough people standing in line to buy third-class tickets to last an hour. More were coming every minute. After being sent from one window to another to buy a second-class ticket, I boarded the train without one. Half an hour late we started, leaving some scores of would-be passengers to go off and play by themselves. I paid a fine for not having a ticket and Spent a delightful day looking at old castles and young folks on a holiday.</p>
<p>Before leaving the station I tried to buy a ticket back to Riga. The early-bird proverb does not apply in Latvia. The agent would not sell one. An hour before the train was due there was a queue which wound through the waiting room and the buffet and out along the tracks in the rain. By train time there were at least a hundred people still waiting in line.</p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="Blarnery at KokneseKoknese, formerly Kokenhusen, on the way to Daugavpils, clusters around the ruins of the Castle or Kokenhusen, built by Bishop Albert in 1209 and occupied by the Archibishops of Rigas from 1397 to 1566.Photograph by J. Reeksta" src="/f/u/48-blarney-at-koknese.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>Blarnery at Koknese</strong><br/>Koknese, formerly Kokenhusen, on the way to Daugavpils, clusters around the ruins of the Castle or Kokenhusen, built by Bishop Albert in 1209 and occupied by the Archibishops of Rigas from 1397 to 1566.<br/><em>Photograph by J. Reeksta</em></figcaption></figure>
<p>Three hours late, tired to death, those overcrowded excursionists arrived home. The ticket inspectors had got so tired of waiting for the train that they opened a side door and let us out without taking up the pasteboards for which we had suffered so much.</p>
<p>The Latvian Switzerland is no credit to its namesake, but the dwellers on the great Baltic plains are not mountaineers. Although the hills are only 265 feet high, the people evidently had all the climbing they wanted. Those who are not Nature lovers could climb about as high in some of Riga's huge apartment houses, but this pretty corner of Latvia is full of charm for those who love shady bowers, a curving, quiet river, grassy banks, and a sense of peace.</p>
<p>At Sigulda, where crumbling rubble walls dating from 1208 bear the crest of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kropotkin_family">Krapotkins</a>, I found a peasant hut so charmingly draped in some climbing vine that I asked permission to photograph it. The reply was in perfect English. The young Prince Krapotkin. whose family had owned the place for centuries and who had himself lived in the modern chateau which overlooks the wooded valley of the Gauja (Livonian Aa) and the three ancient castles, volunteered to show me around.</p>
<p>He is living in the peasant hut which had first caught my eye, but the caretaker entrusted to him the key to his former home, which the Government has taken over as a retreat for journalists. Aside from a few books, the great building was empty. Not a word of complaint was spoken by my companion, though he thought it a shame that the Government was not using the building of which it had possessed itself.</p>
<h2>In Daugavpils, Where The Russian Frontier Is Felt</h2>
<p>Daugavpils is on the line to Warsaw, tucked away behind a bund beside the Daugava near the southeast corner of Latvia. One cannot get the true flavor of the place until he calls the town Dvinsk and the river at this point the Dvina. though in doing so he must not confuse it with the Northern Dvina, which flows into the White Sea at Archangel.</p>
<p>Somewhere on the road from Riga we passed the invisible boundary between literate Latvia and provincial Russia. It is not so much that the Russian language figures more prominently in the spoken and printed word, as that the latter gives way to the picto-graphic. not as a trademark in our sense, but as an index of what is for sale.</p>
<p>It is not enough that boots and balalaikas, watches, and wine be exposed in the shop windows. A highly colored sign must also proclaim their presence. The Russian not only believes in signs, but depends upon them.</p>
<p>Daugavpils is only 330 miles from Leningrad, but the St. Petersburg station (as it is still called) was much damaged and no trains are running.</p>
<p>In Daugavpils the Russian frontier makes its presence felt, not as a bothersome formality, but as a dead line of commercial life. Grass is growing between the ties of a railway over which the famous Nord Express once dashed from London to St. Petersburg in less than two days.</p>
<p>The cheeriest place in town is the railway station. There are fresh flowers in the restaurant. The barber shop is without one of those ugly wax heads to which Latvian hairdressers are addicted. The news stand is well supplied. One wonders why the whole population doesn't go to the station and take a train — any train!</p>
<p>But that is not the nature of the Letts or the Russians. They stick it through, the Lett by determination, the Russian by philosophy.</p>
<p>The Lett is friendly, shrewd, conservative, persevering, without the «Nichevo» spirit of Russian fatalism. Having waited so long for his opportunity, having won his freedom against such odds, he is determined to make the most of it.</p>
<figure class="left"><img alt="He Expects to Grow Up in His Father's FootstepsThe life of the child in Latvia is seldom carefree or joyous. The sullen, heavy weather keeps him from romping in the open and at a very early age he must assume duties in the field or take care of the cattle.Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams" src="/f/u/49-he-expects-to-grow-up-in-his-fathers-footsteps.jpg"/><figcaption><strong>He Expects to Grow Up in His Father's Footsteps</strong><br/>The life of the child in Latvia is seldom carefree or joyous. The sullen, heavy weather keeps him from romping in the open and at a very early age he must assume duties in the field or take care of the cattle.<br/><em>Photograph by Maynard Owen Williams</em></figcaption></figure>

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</entry><entry>
    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Negausīgo rīmu klubs]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2025/11/06/rimu-klubs" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15286</id>
    <updated>2025-11-06T22:37:32+02:00</updated>
    <published>2025-11-06T22:40:01+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Stragls ir īsts.]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2025/11/06/rimu-klubs"><![CDATA[
    <p>Rīmu, nevis rīmju.</p>
<p>Influenceri, kas berž veļu uz savas sešpakas un ar dibenu kož riekstus, vienā mēlē stāsta par to, ka jāievēro diēta, jāiet sportot. Vai tad tev nepatīk kā es izskatos, tu taču arī tā gribi, es tev pastāstīšu, tas ir vienkārši. It kā citiem būt resnam ir apzināta izvēle. It kā pietiek ar desmit tiktoka video nedēļā, lai notievētu.</p>
<p>Es gribu influencerus, kas straglo. Kas atzīst, ka neievilkt vēderu, kad ieraugi sen nesatiktu paziņu, ir forši, bet ceļš uz to nav.</p>
<p>Ka ikkatrā brīdī ir reāla iespēja nokrist atpakaļ. Jo tā čipšu paka, takš, neko viena pati neizdarīs. Skat, vakardienas čipšu paka neko neizdarīja. Un vispār, es šodien nobraucu ar riteni 30km — esmu pelnījis to gardumu.</p>
<p>Ka pēc nedēļas nesportošanas un nediētas tu skumji nopūties, nolemti paskatoties uz krāsnī cepto kartupeli, un ar sirdsdēstiem to iekrāmē mutē.</p>
<p>Ar draugiem pajoko, ka tev ir atkarība no ēdiena, noklusējot to, ka tev ir atkarība no ātrās baudas. Tev ir atkarība no slinkuma. Tev ir alerģija pret paunošanos, došanos uz zāli, alerģija pret trīs stundām katru dienu.</p>
<p>Visi tie video, kur kādam apnīk un viņš nomet simtiem kilogramu, nav par tevi. Tavi ceļi jau sen ir tevi nodevuši un kāju dienas nekad vairs nebūs tādas, kādas tās verēja būt.</p>
<p>Dodiet manam tizlumam zāles, kur kā bērnam māca staigāt, tā man par sevi rūpēties un gūt ātrākus labumus.</p>
<p>Kad atnāk realitāte, tu gribi treneri, kurš ir gājis cauri tam pašam, kam tu. Cilvēku, kurš saprot tavu cīņu. Kādu, kuram ir septiņdesmit veidi kā saņemties. Kurš ir gatavs ar tevi tos visus izmēģināt, lai atrastu tieši to, kas der tev.</p>
<p>Tev nevajag sapņus un idejas par sešpakām un riekstkoždibeniem. Tu labi zini, ka tev vienkārši vajag normālu veselību.</p>
<p>Tev vajag kādu, kurš tevi izvilks no mājas nevis ar tekstu 'danu, kas, mīkstais esi?', bet gan ar sapratni un empātiju.</p>

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    <author><name>Kaspars</name><uri>https://laacz.lv</uri></author>

    <title type="html"><![CDATA[Strīpiņlācis]]></title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://laacz.lv/2025/11/04/stripinlacis" />

    <id>https://laacz.lv/?p=15315</id>
    <updated>2025-11-08T17:58:22+02:00</updated>
    <published>2025-11-04T23:29:37+02:00</published>
    
    <summary type="html"><![CDATA[Vai lāci viegli vektorizēt?]]></summary>

    <content type="html" xml:base="https://laacz.lv/2025/11/04/stripinlacis"><![CDATA[
    <p>Pārādījās tāda neliela vajadzība vektorizēt vecu kā pasaule lāci. Beigu galā <a href="/f/img/laacis-vektoros.svg">uzvarētājs ir šis</a>, izveidots ar <a href="https://svgco.de">svgco.de</a>. Neaizņem daudz vietas un ir ļoti tuvu oriģinālam. Iespēja koriģēt dažādus parametrus. Īpašu atzinību izpelnās pēdējais <em>Claude</em> radītais, kurš gozējas labajā apakšējā stūrī.</p>
<figure><picture><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/webp" srcset="/f/u/vektorlacis-1-600.webp 600w, /f/u/vektorlacis-1-900.webp 900w, /f/u/vektorlacis-1-1440.webp 1440w"><source sizes="(min-width: 640px) 100vw" type="image/png" srcset="/f/u/vektorlacis-1-600.png 600w, /f/u/vektorlacis-1-900.png 900w, /f/u/vektorlacis-1-1440.png 1440w"><img src="/f/u/vektorlacis-1.png"></picture></figure>

    ]]></content>

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