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ML Aggarwal Solutions

noreply@blogger.com (MAY Creators) — Tue, 15 Oct 2024 12:20:00 +0000

ML Aggarwal ICSE Solutions for Class 6 to 10

The ML Aggarwal Solutions for ICSE Maths has been written as per the latest guidelines and in conformance to the syllabus issued by the Council for ICSE examinations. The new syllabus will be able to best meet the expectations and learning objectives of the students.

ML Aggarwal ICSE Solutions

Also Read:

ML Aggarwal Maths For Class 6 PDF Download

The subject matter contained in this Understanding ICSE Mathematics ML Aggarwal Solved Solutions has been explained in a simple language and includes many examples from real life situations. Emphasis has been laid on basic facts, concepts, terms, principles and on their applications. Carefully selected examples consist of detailed step-by-step solutions so that the students get prepared to tackle all the problems given in exercises.

Understanding ICSE Mathematics ML Aggarwal Solutions

Salient features of the ML Aggarwal Solutions:

Keeping in mind the age group of the students, the matter has been divided into sections and sub-sections so that the students can learn at their own pace.
All new concepts have been developed by class-activity method. The practical hand-on experience of these activities will enable the students to visualise and develop a deeper understanding of the concepts.
Results, wherever possible, have been verified by lab activity method.
Questions in the form of Fill in the Blanks, True/False statements and Multiple Choice Questions, given under the heading ‘Mental Maths’, have been added for the objective assessment of the concepts.
In addition to standard questions, some Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions have been included to enhance the analytical thinking of the students.
Each chapter is followed by a Summary which recapitulates the new terms, concepts and results.
The last section ‘Check Your Progress’, acts as a Unit Test.
Model Question Papers, given at various places, will serve as means for revision and preparation for the exams.

FAQs on ML Aggarwal Solutions

1. Where to download ML Aggarwal Solutions?

You can download them from our page through the quick links available or even find them online.

2. Where will I find ML Aggarwal Classwise Solutions?

Candidates are advised to ML Aggarwal Questions on their own. If you are stuck at some point you can find them on our website and clarify your doubts.

3. Is ML Aggarwal the right book for ICSE?

The most fundamental book when it comes to preparing for ICSE is NCERT Textbooks. Once, you are done with the preparation you can refer to the ML Aggarwal Books, and Practicing the questions in them is essential for an ICSE Student.

4. Does solving ML Aggarwal Solutions benefit you during your exam preparation?

Yes, it can be of huge benefit as you will have in-depth knowledge about the related topic. ML Aggarwal ICSE Solutions designed for ICSE Students will enhance your problem solving skills.

5. Is solving examples from ML Aggarwal enough for the ISC?

Solving the examples in ML Aggarwal will give you a clear understanding of Fundamentals and you will know how to approach to a question.

It has been sincere endeavour to present the concepts, examples and questions in a coherent and interesting manner so that the students develop an interest in ‘learning’ and ‘enjoying’ mathematics. We thank publishers M/s Arya Publications (APC Maths Solutions ICSE) and Laser Tech Prints for their friendly cooperation and untiring efforts in bringing out this ML Aggarwal Maths for ICSE Solutions in an excellent form. We highly appreciate if you suggest any improvement you would like to see in the ML Aggarwal ICSE Solutions in its next edition.

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Total English Class 10 Solutions 2024-25 Morning Star

noreply@blogger.com (MAY Creators) — Mon, 07 Oct 2024 08:20:00 +0000

Total English Class 10 Solutions 2024-25, Total English Class 10 ICSE Answers 2024-2025, Total English Morning Star Solutions Class 10 Pdf Free Download, Total English Morning Star Class 10 ICSE Solutions 2024 Pdf.

Total English Morning Star Solutions Class 10 Pdf Free Download

Total English Class 10 Solutions

Total English Class 10 Solutions Chapter 1

Total English Class 10 Solutions Chapter 2

Total English Class 10 Solutions Chapter 3

Total English Class 10 Solutions Chapter 4

Total English Class 10 Solutions Chapter 5

A. Conditional Sentences
B. Paragraph Writing
C. Comprehension Skills
D. Total English Class 10 Test Paper 5 Answers

Total English Class 10 Solutions Chapter 6

Total English Class 10 Solutions Chapter 7

Total English Class 10 Solutions Chapter 8

A. Synthesis
B. Narrative Composition
D. Total English Class 10 Test Paper 8 Answers

Total English Class 10 Solutions Chapter 9

Total English Class 10 Solutions Chapter 10

Total English Class 10 Solutions Chapter 11

A. Prepositions
B. Personal Writing
D. Total English Class 10 Test Paper 11 Answers

Total English Class 10 Solutions Chapter 12

A. Adjectives
D. Total English Class 10 Test Paper 12 Answers

Total English Class 10 Solutions Chapter 13

A. Comparison of Adjectives
B. Stories
C. Precision in Summary Writing
D. Total English Class 10 Test Paper 13 Answers

Total English Class 10 Solutions Chapter 14

A. Articles
B. Characters
C. Sample Letter
D. Total English Class 10 Test Paper 14 Answers

Total English Class 10 Solutions Chapter 15

A. Adverbs
C. Selective Summary
D. Total English Class 10 Test Paper 15 Answers

Total English Class 10 ICSE Solutions Specimen Paper

The post Total English Class 10 Solutions 2024-25 Morning Star appeared first on A Plus Topper.

Integers Class 6 ICSE ML Aggarwal Solutions

noreply@blogger.com (MAY Creators) — Tue, 01 Oct 2024 11:20:00 +0000

ML Aggarwal Class 6 Solutions Chapter 3 provides comprehensive guidance and step-by-step explanations for the concepts covered in this chapter Class 6 Mathematics. This chapter typically introduces fundamental mathematical concepts, laying the groundwork for future studies.

ML Aggarwal Class 6 Chapter 3 Solutions

ICSE Class 6 Maths Chapter 3 Solutions ML Aggarwal

ML Aggarwal Solutions ICSE Solutions Selina ICSE Solutions

Understanding ICSE Mathematics Class 6 ML Aggarwal Solutions Pdf Download Chapter 3 Integers

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Matchbox Questions and Answers Plus Two English Textbook Unit 1 Chapter 3 (Story)

noreply@blogger.com (MAY Creators) — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 12:20:00 +0000

Kerala Plus Two English Textbook Matchbox Questions and Answers Unit 1 Chapter 3 (Story)

Read And Respond

Question 1.
Why are women compared to matchboxes?
Answer:
They are compared to matchboxes because like matchboxes they too contain enough gun powder to make a hundred Lankas burn. But they sit around meek and innocent in the kitchen, in the pantry, in the bedroom, in fact in any place.

Question 2.
What makes Nomita furious?
Answer:
Ajit’s habit of reading letters addressed to her makes her furious. Sometimes he does not even show her the letters. She tried many things to stop him from that habit. She showed anger, took offence, tried to shame him and used sarcasm. Nothing worked. He just laughs it away.

Question 3.
What is the suspicion in Nomita’s mind?
Answer:
The suspicion in Nomita’s mid is that Ajit does not give her all the letters that are addressed to her.

Question 4.
What is called an ‘ugly habit’? Why?
Answer:
The habit of Ajit opening and reading the letters addressed to Nomita is called the ugly habit. He says that he does it because he wanted to make sure that someone does not send her love letters. She tried many things to stop him from this habit. But nothing worked.

Question 5.
How does Ajit react when Nomita mentions about his ugly habit?
Answer:
When Nomita mentions about his ugly habit he tries to laugh it away and if the laughter does not get him out of trouble, he scolds her.

Question 6.
What are the expectations of Nomita’s mother?
Answer:
Nomita’s mother needs money from Nomita and Ajit. In her letters she complains of the problems in her house. In the last letter she wrote that the ceiling of her room is cracked and the rainwater falls in. If this is not remedied she may die as the roof comes crashing down. She does not mind death. Herdaughter is a queen and her son-in-law is high minded and large-hearted. In short she wanted money to get the ceiling repaired.

Question 7.
Comment on Ajit’s attitude towards his mother-in-law.
Answer:
He has only contempt for her. How can a woman go on asking for help from her son-in-law? She always asks for money and then says her daughter is a queen. Ajit says Nomita’s mothen^a dung-picker. He says whenever letters come from her, there is no need to read them, but just go to the post office and fill in the money-order form!

Question 8.
What makes Nomita call Ajit a liar? Is her action justifiable?
Answer:
When Nomita asked Ajit why her letter was not given to her, he says he had just forgotten it. This makes Nomita call him a liar. Her action is justifiable. Nobody has a right to read the letter addressed to another person without his/her knowledge. Here Ajit not only reads the letters addressed to Nomita, he does not even give her the letters.

Question 9.
Comment on the simile in ‘Nomita hisses like a snake’.
Answer:
It is a fine simile. Nomita is very angry with Ajit for not showing her letter to her. She calls him a liar when he says he was planning to give it to her later. A snake hisses when it is very angry and when it is about to strike. Here Nomita hisses the word ‘liar’ as if a snake was hissing.

Question 10.
How do you think Ajit would react if Nomita reads the letters addressed to him?
Answer:
Ajit would be angry. If there is perfect love and understanding between the husband and wife, there is no harm in one reading the letters addressed to the other. However, etiquette forbids it. Moreover such perfect love can be found only in books!

Question 11.
What is the ‘poisonedknife’?
Answer:
The poisoned knife is the anger Nomita has shown. She calls him a common, vulgar man.

Question 12.
How does Nomita frighten Ajit?
Answer:
Nomita frightens Ajit by picking up a matchbox lying near and lighting a matchstick and touching it to her sari. The sari flares up.

Question 13.
What is the plight of Nomita in the family?
Answer:
Her plight is bad. He often fights with her husband Ajit. Her other sisters-in-laws tease her for spending too much time with her husband, instead of helping them in the household chores.

Question 14.
Comment on the expression ‘forest of people’. What does it tell us about the structure of Indian joint families?
Answer:
The author has used a very good metaphor in calling the joint family where Nomita and Ajit live as a forest of people. There are 26 members in that family. The writer has said Ajit gets the key to the letter box through the gaps among 52 hands! In a forest, some trees grow very tall but some get choked! There is no sufficient space for everyone to grow properly.

Think And Write

Question 1.
Sketch the character of Nomita. You may analyze the sentences given below:
Why, why does she keep on begging like this?
“Stop it! What a common, vulgar man you are!”
Nomita laughs a laugh that can bring an attractive flush to a white face.
Answer:
Nomita is the wife of Ajit. They live in a joint family. Altogether there are 26 members in that family. Nomita comes from a very poor family. But she is very beautiful and that is how she gets married into a rich family. Her mother, who is a widow, was the one who managed to find a rich boy for her daughter. Nomita has no brothers or sisters. She is referred to as ‘queen’ by her mother.

Her mother frequently writes to Nomita requesting her for money. She used to write in postcards which could be read by anyone. Nomita is ashamed that her mother is always begging for money. To prevent others from reading, Nomita asks her mother to write letters in an envelope. The requests are so frequent that Ajit says that there is no need for reading the letter, but send some money to her. Nomita also secretly helps her mother. It seems her mother is very demanding and shameless as she goes on begging.

One day while collecting the soiled clothes forgiving to the washer-man, Nomita sees a letter in the pocket of Ajit. It is torn and crumpled. It is addressed to her and from the postmark, it is obvious that Ajit got it some 3 days earlier. But he had not told anything about it. Nomita is unhappy because Ajit reads the letters addressed to her. She had told him many times not to do it. He says he is checking to see if any love letter is sent to her by somebody. At this point Nomita gets angry and tells him that he is a common, vulgar man. This enrages Ajit and he says she is a dung-picker’s daughter. He will do what he wants to do and what can she about it?

Nomita, flaming with anger, picks a matchbox and lights a stick and puts it on her sari which instantly catches fire. Ajit rushes and with his bare hands he puts out the fire telling her that she loses her common sense when she is angry. Nomita can be very sarcastic and can make faces effectively. She can easily tell lies as she calmly says her sari got burned as she was taking down a hot pot from the stove.

Nomita is good at making retorts. When her sister-in¬law accuses her of rushing to Ajit at every small opportunity, she asks herto come and peek into her room to see what is happening there. Nomita can forget things fast. Soon after the burning of the sari, she is ready to peel potatoes. Even while peeling potatoes she is thinking how she can help her mother by sending her some money.

Nomita seems to be a snob. She has forgotten that she came from a poor family. She calls Ajit a ‘common’ and vulgar man, forgetting that she is a common girl gifted with some beauty. People who forget their past are not good people. She seems to have forgotten her roots.

Question 2.
Do you think there is a set pattern for exhibiting a woman’s emotions? Is she always emotionally under stress? Justify your answer.
Answer:
I don’t think there is a set pattern for exhibiting a woman’s emotions. They express their emotions in different patterns. I don’t think she is always emotionally under stress. We wee how Nomita tries to burn herself one moment; the next moment we see her teasing her sister-in-law and soon we find her settling down to peel potatoes. She even tells lies about the burning of her sari.

Question 3.
Prepare a write-up discussing the space of women in a family.
Answer:
The women are the lamps of the family. It is impossible to imagine a family without a woman. Although we say the man is the lord of the family, in most homes things are decided by the women. They decide what to cook and what the members of the family should eat. They not only deliver children but look after them and bring them up in the right way. They do all the household chores. They also give a lot of love to their husbands and their children. Men are often rash but women are compassionate and generous. People are so attached to their mothers that often when facing troubles the word comes to their lips is ‘mother’. It is said that God created mothers because he could not be everywhere at the same time.

Question 4.
How does the author substantiate the comparison between a woman and a matchbox?
Answer:
The author compares women to matchboxes. Matchboxes contain enough gun powder to make a hundred Lankas burn. But they sit around meek and innocent in the kitchen, in the pantry, in the bedroom, in fact in any place. Women are the same. We see Nomita getting inflamed when Ajit insults her. She takes out the matchbox and lights a stick and puts it to her sari which catches fire. Fortunately Ajit is able to put the fire out. Soon she becomes a normal person and starts peeling potatoes. That is why the author says that even when they have material within themselves to burn many things, they never flare up to burn away the mask of men’s high-mindedness and their large¬heartedness. They don’t burn even their own colourful shells. The men know that. That is why they leave them scattered carelessly in the kitchen, in the pantry, in the bedroom, here, there and everywhere. Without fear, they also put them in their pockets.

Activity I: (Review)

Question 1.
It is often said that an empowered woman is the one who can ‘find her own voice’, ‘speak up’, and ‘be seen and heard’. In the present world, what we need is to foster a man-woman relationship which contributes to healthy, mutual development. Man and woman should move forward together, supporting and respecting each other, and being open to different opinions and situations.

How far is the above statement relevant to Nomita in Ashapurna Debi’s “Matchbox”? Prepare a review of the story, emphasizing the role of its women characters.
Answer:
The story is very simple. Nomita is married to Ajit. They live in a joint family. Nomita’s mother is a poor widow. Nomita has no brothers and so her mother always demands money from Nomita for her needs. She writes letters to her always telling misfortunes of various kinds with the intention of getting financial help from her son-in-law. Nomita is ashamed of the beggarly nature of her mother, but she continues helping her.

Ajit has the habit of opening and reading all the letters that are addressed to Nomita. Once she sees a crumpled letter addressed to her in one of his trousers’ pockets. The letter was written by her mother. He had received the letter some 3 days ago but he never told Nomita about it. Nomita had asked him many times not to open and read her letters. When she questions him about his bad habit, he says he will always do as he likes and what could she do stop him. There is a heated exchange and Nomita picks up a matchbox and sets fire to her sari. Ajit is able to put out the fire. All this drama takes place as the washer-man was waiting for the dirty clothes.

Soon Nomita gives the dirty clothes to the washer¬man and gets busy with household work. There is some teasing by a sister-in-law who accuses Nomita of spending too much time in the company of her husband, neglecting her duties in the joint family.

The two most important women characters in the story are Nomita and her mother. Nomita is a beautiful young girl who wants to assert her freedom but her husband Ajit does not allow it. He insists on reading the letters addressed to her. Nomita’s mother is a typical widow who wants to get as much help as

possible from her rich son-in-law. Her begging behaviour makes Nomita lose her face before her husband and other family members.

It is true that an empowered woman is the one who can ‘find her own voice’, ‘speak up’, and ‘be seen and heard’. We need gender equality and then only we can have a healthy world. Dominance by any sex will ruin the equilibrium of the family and the society.

Activity II (Panel Discussion)

Question 2.
Panel means a group of experts. A discussion held among these experts in front of an audience is a panel discussion. It helps to clarify the difficult aspects of a topic in a systematic and objective manner. There are three sets of participants in a panel discussion: Panellists, moderator and audience.

Now conduct a panel discussion on the topic ‘Indian women – finding a space in the socio cultural milieu’.

Points to be considered:

The effect of the media on a woman’s self-image.
Healthy women, healthy nation
The need for cultivating mental strength and mental toughness
The need for a productive and harmonious work environment
Acting as a mentor and guide to other women and girls
Other marginalized sections of the society
The pivotal role of women from the past to the present

Answer:
Panellists are experts in the field concerned. Decide upon the panellists (panel members) and list them.

Panelists	Designation
1. Dr. Ammini Jacob	Senior Lecturer
2. Dr. Ranbir Kaur	HOD
3. Dr. GeetaAgarwal Moderator: Simi Ibrahim	Vice Principal

Question 3.
Prepare the script of a speech welcoming the panellists and introducing them to the audience.
Answer:

Good morning,

It gives me immense pleasure to welcome you all to this panel discussion on “Indian women – finding a space in the socio cultural milieu”. We all know that everything is not rosy for the women in India. Although we got our freedom in 1947, the Indian women are still not free to live their lives the way they want. They have to face so many problems because of our male-dominated society. Our women too need freedom to live their lives the way they want.

The panellists in this discussion are Dr. Ammini Jacob, a Senior Lecturer in St. Joseph’s College Irinjalakuda, Dr. Ranbir Kaur, the HOD of English, at St. John’s College, Kochi, and Dr. Geeta Agarwal, the Vice Principal of Hamidia College, Mancheri. We are sure their discussion will throw light on some of the vexing problems that women face in our country. The moderator is Simi Ibrahim, the well- known activist for women rights.

Question 4.
After the panel presentation and discussion, the moderator synthesizes and summarizes the key points.
Prepare a script of a speech summarizing the panel discussion.
Answer:
Let’s review what we have discussed today. On the whole, it has turned out to be a fruitful venture. We saw how Indian women are not given their rightful places in the society. There are 1.2 billion Indians, nearly half of which are women. India had only one woman President and one woman PM so far. Look at our Parliament. How many women MPs are there? Look at the Kerala Government. How many women Ministers are there? Is it not shame that although we got our independence in 1947, ourwomen are still left behind when it comes to education, employment and leadership?

Dr. Ammini Jacob had some good suggestions regarding the effect of the media on a woman’s self-image. She showed that how healthy women make a healthy nation. Dr. Ranbir Kaur emphasized the need for cultivating mental strength and mental toughness in women. She spoke of the need for a productive and harmonious work environment for women. She said that educated women should act as mentors and guides to other women and girls. Dr. Geeta Agarwal was greatly concerned with the other marginalized sections of the society. She showed how women played a pivotal role in the past, quoting the examples of Rani Laxmi Bai and Sarojini Naidu. Women should come forward to take up leadership positions. She asked the women not to wait patiently for their rights but grab them.

I would like to thank the panellists for giving us great ideas. I also thank the audience for being so disciplined and well-behaved. I am sure they have benefited immensely from the discussion. Together, let’s make a better tomorrow!

Thank you all!

Activity III: (Blurb writing)

Question 5.
A blurb is a description of a book on its back cover. It is brief summary of the book designed for marketing. It does not have any uniform pattern.
Look at the sample blurb.

Now prepare a blurb of’Pratham Pratishruti’ making use of the hints given on page 25.
Answer:
Pratam Pratishruti is a novel about an uncommon woman, Satyavatie, who dared to breakthe so-called rules made to control the lives of the Bengali women in her days. The novel depicts the endless suffering and the liberation of women in Bengal. In fact it is the story of women everywhere in India.

Ashapurna Debi, the novelist, created a space of her own in the world of creative literature, and Gender Studies. She once said, “Slowly and steadily a completely new world was getting created within my mind. It was a world of comprehension, of feeling. It was a world with a never- ending flow of feelings.” Most of her writings marked a firm protest against the inequality and injustice rooted in gender discrimination.

Pratama Pratishruti inspires young minds to create an enlightened world free of segregation. It was published by Ananda Publishers, first in 1964. Other notable works of the writer are Subarnolata and Bakui Katha.

A good book blurb should have the following qualities:

An opening with a catchy statement.
It appeals to the interest of the readers.
It urges the reader to buy/read the book.
It gives some information about the author, publisher and year of publication.
It should be short and dramatic.
It describes in a simple direct language where the story begins, what the circumstances are, its socio-cultural relevance and its message.

IV. Read And Reflect

Question 1.
“Backward, turn backward, OTime, in your flight,

Question 2.
Make me a child again just for tonight.”

Question 3.
Remembering the good old childhood days often fills our mind with freshness and vigour and revitalizes us enough to go forward with confidence.

Matchbox Edumate Questions and Answers

Question 1
In the story’ Matchbox’, the rift between Nomita and Ajit occurred when Ajit hid her mother’s letter and read the content secretly. Nomita could notwin the quarrel and had to return to her normal routines without a second thought. If the same situation arises in the life of a modern couple, how would it affect their relationship? What would be the woman’s response to such an issue? Prepare an essay on ‘Modem Woman – her dreams, aspirations and role in society’.
Answer:
Modem Woman – her Dreams, Aspirations and Role in Society In the story ‘Matchbox’ by Ashapurna Debi, there is a rift between Nomita and Ajit. It was caused when Ajit read Nomita’s mother’s letter secretly. Nomita is angry and in the argument that ensues, Nomita goes to the extent of attempting to burn herself. Somehow the quarrel is patched up and Nomita returns to her normal duties.

Things would have been different if this happened to a modem woman. In the past women were considered the lamps of the family. Most of the time, they stayed at home and did the household chores and looked after the children. The men were the lords of the family. Important things were decided by the men and women had hardly any say in such matters. Girls married the men who were chosen by their fathers. But all this is past hjstory. Today’s woman is more assertive and she will not tolerate a husband like Ajit.

Modem women think they are equal to men and they have a role to play even outside their homes. In the modern world, women are educated and they also want to work and earn money. They don’t want to depend on the goodwill of their husbands to get certain things they want.

In the home, modern wives expect their husbands to share household chores. In the past the wives would be busy in the kitchen, but the husbands would be reading newspapers or listening to the news.

Now, the wives also want to read the newspapers and listen to the news. They also want to be entertained and taken out for meals outside and also an occasional trip to attractive places.

Modern women also want their share in politics. They are no more satisfied to be led by men. They think they too have the capacity for leadership. Women like Golda Meir (Israel), Mrs. Bandaranaike (Sri Lanka), Margaret Thatcher (England) and Indira Gandhi of India have shown that women can be even better leaders than men. Today we have Theresa May as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Angela Merkel as the President of Germany. It was only because of some bad luck Hillary Clinton lost to Donald Trump in the USA. Otherwise we would have a woman at the helm of affairs in the richest and most powerful nation in the world.

Question 2.
Imagine that a debate was held in your class on the topic ‘Nuclear Family. An Ideal Place for Women Empowerment.’ The following points were presented by one group against the topic.
a) Nuclear family provides unlimited freedom to women.
b) Nuclear family is not safe for women.
c) Nuclear family makes women irresponsible.
d) In a nuclear family, woman tends to neglect her children. Write four points supporting the topic.
Answer:
a) In a nuclear family, a woman gets enough time to do the things she likes – to cook the things she likes, to read, to write, to paint, to watch movies of her choice, etc.
b) Nuclearfamily makeswomen highly responsible because she realizes that any lapse on her part can cause calamities.
c) In a nuclearfamily, the woman can give greater attention to her own children. But in an extended family, she has to think of all the children there.
d) In a nuclear family, the woman can notice how the family progresses with her hard work. She feels important there and she knows that the welfare of the family depends on her also.

Question 3.
A panel discussion is conducted in your school on the topic ‘Role of Media in Women Empowerment. You are asked to initiate the discussion. How would you introduce the topic? Draft an introductory speech. Hints: (media-wide publicity-reach millions of viewers- require careful handling of details-wrong messages conveyed by advertisements and serials – responsibility of media)
Answer:
Respected Teachers and my dear friends, Good Morning!
It gives me immense pleasure to welcome you all to this panel discussion on “Role of Media in Women Empowerment”. If women empowerment has to be a reality, the media, both print and electronic, have to play a big role in it. Media can give wide publicity as they reach the nook and corner of the country. The majority of homes in India have television and many homes get daily newspapers. So by using these media, women empowerment can be given the boost it needs.

When using the media for women empowerment the details must be handled carefully. Women empowerment does not mean that women are given the right to do what they like and say whatever they feel. Many people consider women empowerment means a woman’s ability to smoke publicly, to drink in open bars or wear the kind of clothes she likes. This is not the meaning of empowerment. Its aims are more serious and graceful where women can contribute to the welfare prosperity of their community and humanity at large.

We are often misguided by advertisements and serials. There is a tendency to show women’s bodies to sell anything – from salt to satellites! The concept is that men get hooked to the curvaceous bodies and comely faces of women. This should be stopped. Women should not be used as promoters of merchandise! Some of the serials are grossly immodest and present women in bad light. Women should be bold and courageous but not unnecessarily aggressive and bloodthirsty, consumed by vengeance.

Media have a big and positive role to play in Women Empowerment in India.

We shall now listen to various views by our panellists.

Have a nice and fruitful day!

Question 4.
Given below is the blurb of a famous book. There are a few errors in it. Edit the passage.
Hints: (subject-verb concond-spelling-punctuation) 1984
The year.1984 has come and gone, but George Orwell’s prophetic, nightmarish vision in 1949 of the world we was becoming is timelier than ever. 1984 is still the great modern classic of ‘negative utopia’ – a startlingly orginal and haunting novel that create an imaginary world that is completely convincing, from the first sentence to the last four words. No one can deny that novels hold the imagination of whole generations.
Answer:
Wrong – Right
george oiwell’s – George Orwell’s
was – were
orginal – originals
create – creates

Question 5.
Read the following excerpts from ‘Matchbox’ and ‘Horegallu’.
‘I can’t? I can’t do anything? You want to see if I can do anything?’, says Nomita ‘God has given me two ears to listen to others. I hear them out with sympathy and without any judgement’, says Ratna. What do you understand about the character of Nomita and Ratna? Compare and contrast the characters of Nomita and Ratna.
Answer:
From the talk of Nomita one can easily guess that she is a hot-tempered woman. Here she is challenging her husband saying that if he thinks she can’t do certain things, he is mistaken. She can do some things which he thinks she can’t. She is challenging him and telling him whether he is prepared to see what she is capable of doing. It is by talking like this, she puts a burning match stick to her sari which catches fire. The conversation shows Nomita is not a dependable woman and she can act quite rashly in an unthinking manner.

But Ratna is quite a different woman. She is a middle- aged senior clerk and she is always smiling. Every day after lunch she sits with some person and listens to her/him. She is listening to people’s problems. Even by listening to them, she can help them. A big problem the modem world faces is that people have no time to listen to the problems of others! God has given us two ears to listen. A person with a problem feels relieved even when somebody sympathetically listens to him or her. Between the two women, Ratna is by far the better one.

Question 6.
A person can react against injustice in different ways. Nomita reacted by quarrelling with her husband and setting fire to the anchol of her sari. Whaf are the other possible ways in which Nomita could have reacted against her husband’s dirty habit? Suggest three other possible methods of response that could have been adopted by Nomita.
Answer:
People can react in different ways when they face problems. Nomita reacted by quarrelling with her husband and even setting fire to her sari. She could have used some other ways to show her displeasure and to mend the ways of her husband.

Tell him how impolite and rude the habit of reading letters addressed to others is. Reading letters addressed to othei^ is uncivilized behaviour.

She could have explained to him the helpless condition of her mother and the need to help her without complaining.

She could have stopped talking to him for some time so that he can realize that she is offended and this might help him in changing his bad habit.

Question 7
Imagine that Nomita’s mother visits Ajit’s household a few days after the quarrel between Nomita and Ajit. Nomita narrates the entire incident to her mother. She tries to console her daughter and promises that she won’t write letters to her. What would be the conversation between the mother and daughter? Draft the conversation.
Answer:
Nomita’s
Mother : I’m sorry Nomita that this happened because of my letter. How was I to know that he opens your letters?
Nomita : At least now you know. So please do not write such letters again.
Mother : What shall I do then? There is nobody to help me.
Nomita : If you need money so badly, phone me. This is my number.
Mother : From now on, I will do that. I know it is hard on you to help your mother as you do not earn any money. But you must consider my helplessness.
Nomita : It’s okay, Mom. I will do what I can. But call me only when you are in real need of money. You know it is not easy to get money from Ajit. When I get the call from you I shall find some way of sending you help.
Mother : Thank you, Nomita! You are a sweet girl. Glad that you have not forgotten your poor mother!
Nomita : It is okay, Mom.

Question 8
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:
Nomita speaks her mind so no one attacks her outright to her face; they only pinch her with sharp words.
a) What is the meaning of the expression ‘pinch with sharp words’?
(a. make someone happy, b. make someone angry, c. irritate, d. speak rudely and cause pain)
b) What quality of Nomita is evident here?
c) Who does’ they’ refer to?
d) What is the plight of Nomita in the family?
Answer:
a) speak rudely and cause pain
b) Nomita speaks frankly without caring how others take it. Others are afraid of her because she can speak her mind openly. >
c) The word ‘They’ refers to the members of Ajit’s family.
d) She is not much liked by the other sisters-in-law. They are fond of laughing at her. They are united against Nomita and Nomita has to fight alone.

Question 9.
Nomita is angry with Ajit for reading the letter sent by her mother. She found the letter in Ajit’s pocket. What could have been the contents of the letter? Attempt it.
Answer:
Vaishno Devi
13/IVM.G. Road
Calcutta
6 June 2015

Dearest daughter,
It’s been quite a long time since I heard anything from you. How are you there? How is Ajit? How are the other members of the family?

I can’t say I am quite fine. Since Last week I have been suffering from some cough and cold. I tried some local medicines, but the cough is persisting. Our neighbours told me I must visit the doctor. But the fact is I have no money to pay the doctor’s fee or to buy the medicine. My clothes have become very old and I need a new sari also. So I have to ask you to send me some money. I know I am bothering you. But what can I do?

Your immediate response will help me.
Yours lovingly,

Sd/-
Vaishno Devi

Question 10.
Nomita is a housewife. Is she an empowered woman? Write your opinion in a paragraph of about 100 words.
Answer:
Nomita is not an empowered woman. For every little thing she has to ask her husband. She has no money of her own and therefore she has to beg her husband to send some money to her mother. Nomita is not empowered in the sense that she does not think rationally. How can she set fire to her sari just because her husband Ajit did not give her the letter addressed to her? An empowered person would be able to take rational decisions. Nomita can talk cheaply. When her sister-in-law accuses her of rushing to Ajit at every small opportunity, she asks her to come and peek into her room to see what is happening there, ‘fhis is a cheap retort. Nomita is a snob. She has forgotten that she came from a poor family. She calls Ajit a common and vulgar man forgetting that she comes a very poor family and she is vulgar herself. She had forgotten her roots. An empowered woman will not forget her roots.

Question 11
Ajit’s elder brother notices the rift between Ajit and Nomita. He makes the couple meet a counselor. If you were the counselor what advice would you give Ajit? Write three pieces of advice, using expressions like ‘You should … , You ought to … , You had better…………..
Answer:
You should not read the letters addressed to others unless they permit you to do so.

You ought to show more respect to your wife Nomita and give her all the letters addressed to her without opening them.

You had better take a resolution not to open Nomita’s letters. If she wants you to read them, she will give them to you after she reads them. Letters are private affairs and no one has a right to read the letters addressed to others.

Question 12.
Nomita after gaining control of her anger speaks to Ajit about his insulting behaviour. Edit the errors in the dialogue given below.
Nomita : Ajit, you hurted me today. Why do you read my mother’s letters? Do you know how much she loves we? She is proud for her son-in-law. Still you don’t like her.
Ajit : Nomita, I didn’t do it deliberately. I’m sorry.
Answer:
Wrong – Right
hurted hurt
we – us
for – of
delibaretely – deliberately

Question 13.
Imagine that Ajit feels guilty over his brashness towards Nomita. He requests Nomita to forgive him. How will he ask for forgiveness? Write three sentences. You may use the following expressions like ‘Please forgive…., I regret , I am extremely
Answer:
a) Please forgive my fault of reading your letters.
b) I regret that I called you a dung-picker’s daughter.
c) I am extremely sorry for speaking rudely to you.

Question 14.
‘Nomita keeps thinking about how she might be able secretly to send her mother a few rupees’.
Imagine that Nomita stealthily geos to a post office to send a money order to her mother. She seeks the help of the postmaster to send the money order. How will she ask for help? Draft two request statements for her.
Begin the answer like this:
Sir, Would you please help me……………
Answer:
Sir, would you please help me to send Rs. 50/- to my mother? Here is the money. Her address is Vaishno Debi, 13/IVM.G. Road, Calcutta.
Sir, I want to send Rs. 50/- to my mother by money order. Please help me. Her address is Vaishno Debi, 13/IVM.G. Road, Calcutta.

Question 15.
Read the following conversation between Nomita and Ajit.
He said “What letter? Mndeed, there was a letter from your mother. I just hadn’t got around to giving it to you
“Why hadn’t you got around to it?
“What a nuisance! Ajit said,Td forgotten -why else? Imagine that Rini, Ajit’s niece overhears the conversation and reports it to her mother. Draft the report for Rini.
Answer:
Ajit at first pretended that he didn’t understand her and later agreed that there had been a letter from her mother and that he hadn’t got around to giving it to her.

She asked him why he hadn’t got around to it.

Ajit exclaimed saying that she was becoming a nuisance and he had just forgotten to give her the letter.

Question 16.
Given below are a few newspaper headlines on ‘Domestic Violence’ displayed in a classroom. The teacher asks the students to respond to these headlines. A student writes a note of protest against increasing violence towards women.

Woman hangs self, father alleges in-laws demanded dwry.
Meerut man pours acid on wife, in-laws.
Man kills 8 month old daughter, in a fit of rage surrenders to police
Brother attacks sleeping sister, gouges her eyes.
She/He starts the note like this.
I am really shocked by these newspaper headlines.

I can’t believe that I am living in the twenty first century. These headlines ……………………………………………
……………………………………………
…………………………………………… Complete the note for her/him.
Answer:
l am really shocked by these newspaper headlines. I can’t believe that I am living in the 21st century. These headlines show how terrible the life of a woman is in India. In the first case a woman hangs herself because she was not able to give adequate dowry to her husband and his family. She was grossly mistreated in the husband’s home and she could not take it any longer. In the second case, a cruel man pours acid on his wife and the in-laws. In the third case a man kills his 8-month old daughter in a fit of rage. In India girls are considered a burden on the family. There used to be female infanticides. Now we have female foeticides. By ultrasound scanning the sex of the foetus is determined and if it is a female, abortion is done. The last one is horrible. Imagine a brother attacking her sleeping sister and gouging her eyes. Where is brotherly love? Atrocities against women are rampant in our society. We speak of equality of women with men. That equality is only on paper. Women are discriminated against socially, economically and culturally. One really wonders if one is living in the 2151 century! When indeed when, will these atrocities end!

Matchbox About The Author

– Ashapurna Debi

Ashapurna Debi (1909-1995) is a prominent Bengali novelist and poet. She has received many awards including Jnanpith and Padma Shri.

Matchbox Summary in English

Page 1: I always compare women to matchboxes. Matchboxes contain enough gun powder to make a hundred Lankas burn. But they sit around meek and innocent in the kitchen, in the pantry, in the bedroom, in fact in any place. Women are the same. Here is an example.

Look at that enormous 3-story house in front. It is Sunday morning. The washer-man has come to collect the soiled clothes. Nomita is the wife and Ajit is the husband. Before handing over Ajit’s dirty clothes, Nomita checks his pockets. She discovers a letter. It was a twisted, crumpled and torn envelope with Nomita’s name on it. Suddenly Nomita is tensed up. She drops the clothes and sits on the bed to read the letter. It had come at least 3 days earlier, as is evident from the postmark.

Ajit had opened and read it. Then he crumpled and twisted it and dropped’if into his pocket. He did not even think it necessary to speak about it to Nomita. She is angry. This is not a casual oversight, but a deliberate action on Ajit’s part.

Page 18: Ajit’s nature is like that. Ajit and Nomita live in a joint family. There are 26 people there. Ajit somehow got the key to the letter box. Whenever he finds a letter addressed to Nomita, he opens it and reads it first. Sometimes he gives the letter to her but sometimes he does not. That is what Nomita thinks. So far Ajit has not discovered any letter that is even slightly suspicious. But his ugly habit will not go. She tried many things to make him stop reading her letter. She showed anger, took offense, tried to shame him and used sarcasm. Nothing worked. He just laughs it away. Sometimes he scolds her.

Nomita now reads the letter. It is from her mother. She goes on complaining about things – the ceiling of her room is cracked and the rainwater falls in. If this is not remedied she may die as the roof comes crashing down. She does not mind death. Her daughter is a queen and her son-in-law is high minded and large-hearted, etc. etc.

Nomita’s mother is a widow. She has no son. She was successful in getting Nomita married into a wealthy family because of Nomita’s looks. The old lady always boasts of her achievement. She always requests for help from Nomita. Whenever Ajit sees a new letter he knows it is for requesting money and so he says, “Why read the letter? I’ll go and fill out a money-order form.”

Nomita feels ashamed. Out of anger and grief, Nomita wrote to her mother not to write on postcards because then everybody would read it. She would send her some money in secret whenever she could manage.

Suddenly Nomita gets angry at her mother. Why does she go on begging like this? Why doesn’t she allow Nomita to keep her self-respect and dignity? She decides to write a letter to her mother telling her that she won’t help her any more:

Ajit comes into the room after having his leisurely Sunday bath. Nomita, terribly angry, asks him when the letter had come. Ajit knows he has made a mistake. He had planned to send some money to Nomita’s mother and throw away the letter. He made a mistake in leaving it in his pocket. As though trying to remember hard, Ajit asks, “Letter? What letter?” Then as if remembering suddenly he says that he was planning to give it to her. But he had forgotten.

Nomita calls him a liar and hisses like a snake. She wanted to know why he had opened her letter. Ajit says he has a right to open his wife’s letter. She says she had repeatedly told him not to open her letters. Ajit tries to laugh the matter away. Jokingly he says, “Shouldn’t I make sure that no one is passing you love letters in secret?”

Nomita explodes in anger. “Stop it! What a common, vulgar man you are!” Ajit can’t continue with his fake smile. He too is enraged.

Page 20: He asks her how could her mother go on begging for money from him and still think they are high-class people. How can a dung-picker’s daughter be a queen? Nomita asks him to shut up. She spoke so loudly that everybody nearby would hear her if she was speaking from the ground floor. But they were on the 3rd floor. Ajit says he won’t shut up and will do what he wants. What can she do about it? She says she can do something. She now does something quite astonishing. She picks up a matchbox lying near and lights a matchstick and touches it to her sari. The sari flares up. Asking if she has gone mad, Ajit comes rushing and puts out the fire using his hands. Now he is a little afraid. He looks at her and he sees fire burning, blazing on her face. He can’t easily put out that fire. He tells her that she loses all common sense when she is angry. How could a woman be so angry!

Nomita was about to say something. But her niece Rini steps into the room. Rini asks her how long the washer-man should wait. If Nomita does not want to give him any clothes, tell him. Fora moment Nomita does not say anything. Then she picks up the dirty clothes and sorts them. She asks Rini to go down and tell the washer¬man to wait for her.

Nomita speaks her mind. No one attacks her outright. But they pinch her with sharp words. Her second sister- in-law is tired with work this morning. When she sees Nomita, she puts a twisted smile and says sarcastically that.it was good that finally she decided to come down. She accuses her of always running to Ajit for her comfort whether there is work at home or not. She asks her if their love-talk will never end.

Nomita looks around. She sees many there. She does not want her voice to tremble. She also puts on a smile and tells the sister-in-law to come to their room and peek. It is not always love-talk, there is also angry talk.

The sister-in-law laughs and says that she should not try to pretend that they are not always talking love. She says she is not foolish. There is no need to peek. Even without peeking, they all know what is happening in the room. Nomita laughs at her and says she is fond of saying naughty things.

The eldest sister-in-law suddenly comes running and asks if she has finished cutting the vegetables. She asks them if they are spending time chitchatting. Suddenly she notices the burned sari of Nomita and asks her how it happened. Nomita is silent for a moment. Then she says she used that part of the sari to lift a hot pot from the stove and that is how it got burned.

Nomita starts peeling potatoes. Secretly she is thinking how she could send some money to her mother. She can’t write and tell her mother that she can’t do anything. The entire village knows Nomita is a queen, and Ajit is large-hearted.

This is why I compare women with matchboxes. Even when they have material within themselves to burn many things, they never flare up to burn away the mask of men’s high-mindedness and their large-heartedness. They don’t burn even their own colourful shells. The men know that. That is why they leave them scattered carelessly in the kitchen, in the pantry, in the bedroom, here, there and everywhere. Without fear, they also put them in their pockets.

Matchbox Summary in Malayalam

Matchbox Glossary

Plus Two English Textbook Answers

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Amigo Brothers Questions and Answers Plus Two English Unit 2 Chapter 2

noreply@blogger.com (MAY Creators) — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 09:20:00 +0000

Kerala Plus Two English Textbook Amigo Brothers Questions and Answers Unit 2 Chapter 2 (Story)

Amigo Brothers Read And Respond

Question 1.
What is special about the friendship between Antonio and Felix?
Answer:
Antonio Cruz and Felix Vargas were both 17. They were so together in friendship that they felt like brothers. They had known each other from childhood. They grew up in the same building on the Lower East Side of Manhattan.

Question 2.
How did they work to achieve their dream?
Answer:
They both had a dream – becoming a light-weight champion of the world. Whenever they got a chance they exercised, sometimes at the Boy’s Club and sometimes at the gym. They would run every day morning, wearing sweat shirts and short towels around their necks. They had a collection of Fight magazines. They also kept the torn tickets of all the boxing matches they had gone to see. They also had some clippings of their own.

Question 3.
What was the wall rising between them?
Answer:
They both had a dream – becoming a light-weight champion of the world. They both practised hard. They were told that they were to meet each other in the division finals scheduled for the 7th of August. That was 2 weeks away. The winner would represent the Boy’s Club in the Golden Gloves Championship Tournament. Th&’flieaftS’ ofriy on* of -them would go to the Tournament. This was the wall rising between them.

Question 4.
Felix decides to go to Aunt Lucy. Why?
Answer:
Both Felix and Antonio have come to know that they have to fight an elimination bout and only the winner would go to take part in the Golden Gloves Championship Tournament. So farthey have been running together and working out together. Now they have to have a plan of their own to defeat his rival in the bout. So they thought it was better that they separated. That is why Felix decides to go to Aunt Lucy.

Question 5.
Compare the thoughts and feelings of amigo brothers on the eve of their fight
Answer:
The evening before the big fight, Antonio made his way to the roof of his building. He tried not to think of Felix. He thought he had made up his mind. He would knock out Felix early and quickly so that he does not get hurt by a long fight. Felix decided to watch a movie in an effort to keep Antonio’s face away from his mind and fists. The film was The Champion’, acted by Kirk Douglas. The champion was getting beaten. Felix got a shock. He imagined himself in the ring, blasting Antonio against the ropes.

Question 6.
Both Antonio and Felix wanted to win in the first round. What might be the reason?
Answer:
Both Antonio and Felix wanted to win in the first round because they both wanted to win, and, at the same time they did not want to hurt each other by extending the fight into three full rounds.

Question 7.
The amigo brothers were popular as boxers. How do you know?
Answer:
They were popular as boxers. We know that from the fact that large posters about the fight were plastered all over the walls. The fight created great interest in the neighbourhood. Both the boys were liked and respected and each had his own loyal fans.

Question 8.
Do you think that the amigo brothers fought Fiercely in the first and second rounds? What makes you think so?
Answer:
Yes, I do. The amigo brothers fought fiercely in the first and second rounds. In the first round we see Antonio countering the attack of Felix with three lefts that snapped Felix’s head back, sending a mild shock coursing through him. Again we see Antonio crashing two lefts to Felix’s head which made his right ear ring. In the second round we see neither fighter giving an inch. We see Antonio getting a short right on his chin, turning his legs to jelly. We see Felix grunting like a bull throwing wild punches at Antonio from every direction. So both were trying to win by hitting the other as hard as they could.

Question 9.
Who, do you think, will win in the end?
Answer:
Both will win. Neither of them fell to the canvas and the referee and the two trainers had to pry Felix and Antonio apart. In fact their friendship won.

Question 10.
The amigo brothers rushed at each other after the final bout. Why? What does this tell us about their relationship?
Answer:
The amigo brothers rushed at each other afterthe final bout because they were proud of each other. They knew they would always be champions to each other. This tells us that their friendship is very strong and indestructible.

Amigo Brothers Think And Write

Question 1.
There are lots of similarities and differences between Antonio and Felix. List them.
Answer:
Similarities: They both are young boys of 17. They both are Puerto Ricans. They both want to become a light weight champion of the world. They both work out hard. They both run in the mornings. They both live in the same building on the Lower East side of Manhattan. They love each other very much. Neither of them wants the other to be hurt, although they both want to win.

Differences: Antonio was fair, lean and lanky. Felix was dark, short and husky. Antonio’s hair was always falling over his eyes, while Felix wore his black hair in an Afro style. Felix weigtiecfl 34 pounds, but Antonio weighed 133 pounds.

Question 2.
Antonio and Felix are intimate friends. Do you keep such intimacy with yourfriends? Describe your best friend.
Answer:
I have some intimate friends. Raj is my best friend. Raj is 18. He is fair, lean and tall. He comes from a rich family, but he is very humble. In the class he is very quiet, but outside he becomes very talkative. He is intelligent and works very hard. He wants to become an engineer, specializing in Computer Science. He likes chicken biriyani very much. He loves cricket and Hindi films. His hero in cricket is Dhoni and Virat Kohli. In films he likes Salman Khan. Among the heroines he likes Karina Kapoor and Deepik Padukone.

Question 3.
What is the main conflict in the story?
Answer:
The main conflict in the story is that of ambition. Both Antonio and Felix want to be champions. But only one of them can be a champion. So they decide to fight it out. In the end they realize that both are equally determined and equally strong.

Question 4.
The crowd was enthusiastic in the beginning. Why did people get worried in the end?
Answer:
The crowd was enthusiastic in the beginning. Large posters about the fight were plastered all overthe walls. The fight created great interest in the neighbourhood. Both the boys were liked and respected and each had his own loyal fans. As they gave each other punches the crowd was enthusiastic and loudly cheered them. But in the 3rd round the fight almost became a life and death affair. Both were punching each other so hard that even the referee got worried. They did not stop the fight even when the bell rang repeatedly and this made the people worried.

Question 5.
Nodreams can be realized without effort How far is this true in the case of Antonio and Felix?
Answer:
No dreams can be realized without effort. This is true in the case of Antonio and Felix. They both continued working hard till the last day of the fight. They even decided to go their separate ways till the fight was over. In the fight also they did not spare the opponent because he was his friend. They tried their best to win. No pain, no gain. There is a saying in English: The finest pearls are found in the deepest part of the ocean. Only those who make genuine efforts can get these pearls.

Amigo Brothers Activity I: (Write-up)

Question 1.
The box given below contains information about Antonio and Felix. Add more points to it
Answer:

Felt themselves to be brothers
Slept, ate, rapped and dreamt positive
Both were young boys of 17
Both were Puerto Ricans
Both wanted to become a light weight champion of the world
Both worked out hard
Both ran in the mornings
They lived in the same building on the Lower East side of Manhattan.
They love each other very much.
They did not want the other to be hurt
Both were strong, one weighing 134 pounds and other 133.

Amigo Brothers Activity II (Making Announcements)

Question 2.
The following announcement was made by the announcer before the competition began: “Ladies and Gentlemen, now is the moment we have all been waiting for-the main event between two fine young Puerto Rican fighters… ”

Imagine yourself to be the announcer of the sports day in your school. Write the script of the announcement that you would make for any one event
Answer:
“Respected teachers, parents, boys and girls, now is the moment we all have been waiting for- the 400 Metres Relay Race. The fourteams are ready at their various spots. Look at their colours-orange, green, yellow and white. The batons are also of the same colour as their dresses. Soon the whistle will go and you will see the fastest runners of the school competing for the prize. Be ready for a breathtaking finish. I can see the referee ready to whistle. Okay… May the best team win!”

Amigo Brothers Activity III (Newspaper report)

Question 3.
Imagine that you are a newspaper reporter and you witness the contest between the amigo brothers ad note down the points which you would like to include in your report.
Answer:

Venue – Tompkins Square Park
Time-Afternoon
Contestants – Antonio Cruz & Felix Vargas
Park begins to fill up even earlier
Fighters enter
Crowd explodes with a roar
Antonio & Felix bow gracefully and raise their arms in acknowledgment
The announcement with the respective weights of the contestants
Referee giving instructions
Ground
2nd round
3rd round
Final bell. Fighting does not stop. People get worried.
The referee and the trainers separate the contestants
The contestant embrace
The announcement but the contestants had left, arm in arm, declaring their strong bond of friendship -amigo brothers!

Question 4.
Now prepare a newspaper report to be mailed to your editor.
Answer:
The fight between Antonio Cruz & Felix Vargas was scheduled to take place in Tompkins Square Park. The time was afternoon. Even before the scheduled fight, the Park begins to fill up because the fighters were much liked by the people around! There was expectation in all the faces to see a very good fight. The fighters enter and the crowd explodes with a roar. Antonio & Felix bow gracefully and raise their arms in acknowledgement to welcome they received from the crowd.

The announcer makes the announcement telling that the contest is between Antonio Cruz and Felix Vargas, two fine Puerto Ricans. Felix Vargas weighs 134 pounds and his rival Antonio Cruz weighs 133 pounds. The winner will represent the Boy’s Club in the tournament of champions, the Golden Gloves. There will be no draw. The Referee now gives instructions telling them it should be a clean fight. In the first round both the contestants do their best to outwit the other. But both are equally strong. In the second round also the same things happen. Punches fly back and forth, but none is floored. Each punch is applauded thunderously by the crowd.

Now comes the third round. Each contestant wants to win. They punch each other very hard. Nobody falls to the canvas. The final bell rings. But the fight continues. The bell rings again and again. But there is no stopping to the fighting. People started getting worried. It looked as if they are witnessing a do or die fight and not a contest. There is utter silence. Then the referee and the trainers separate the contestants.

Now the contestants embrace. They have forgotten they were fighting like bulls up to a moment ago. The announcer makes an announcement. He is trying to name the winner and he looks around. But both Felix and Antonio had left like good old friends, arm in arm, declaring their strong bond of friendship. They proved themselves to be real amigo brothers! May their tribes increase!

Amigo Brothers Activity IV (Debate)

Question 5.
“The announcer turned to point to the winner and found himself alone. Arm in arm, the champions had already left the ring.”
The winner in the boxing competition left without receiving the prize. This is against the rules and regulations of a game. Do you agree to this opinion?

Now use these points to conduct a debate and assess your performance in the format.
My performance:
My fluency:
Relevance of points presented:
Could I establish my points?:
My body language:
The best performer (in my opinion):
His/her merits:
Answer:
If vou agree. Why? Write down your points below:

Going away without receiving the prize is against the rules and regulations.
Every competition has rules and regulations. The participants should obey them.
If you break the rules, the competitions can’t be done properly.
The competitors came to the competition knowing fully well only one could win as it was an elimination contest. Then why go away without taking the prize?
If Felix and Antonio loved each other so much they should not have agreed to take part in the competition in public.
They both had tried hard to defeat the other. So why doesn’t the winner collect his prize?

If you disagree, write down the reasons:

Actually, nobody had won in the contest. The referee and the two trainers had to separate the contestants.
Anybody has a right to refuse a prize.
By taking the prize before the large crowd the winner must have made the other person sad.
They both considered themselves as champions.
Taking part in a contest does not force anyone to accept the prize.
Their friendship was more valuable to them than the prize.
They did their best and that is their prize.

Amigo Brothers Activity V (Book review)

Question 6.
Read the book review
Now, list the features of the review.

Author
Impression about the book

Answer:
Now, list the features of the review:

Author – Arthur Conan Doyle
Book – The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
Number of Investigations -12
The hero and his assistant – Sherlock Holmes and Watson
The narrator of the incidents – Watson
The ways Watson and Holmes solve mysteries and catch the culprits
The suspense and mystery in the stories
How little details which people often ignore prove useful in criminal investigations.
Involvement of the reader in solving the mysteries
Highly readable stories
World-wide acceptance

Question 7.
Read the memoir ‘My greatest Olympic Prize’ by Jesse Owens and prepare a review of it.
Answer:

A Review Of My Greatest Olympic Prize By Jesse Owens

It is 1936. American Jesse Owens seems sure to win the long jump competition in the Olympic Games. The previous year he had jumped 26 feet, 8 1/4 inches, a record that would stand for 25 years.

As he walks to the long-jump pit, however, Owens sees a tall, blue eyed, blond German taking practice jumps in the 26-foot range. Owens feels nervous. He is acutely aware of the Nazis desire to prove ‘Aryan superiority.’And as a black son of a share cropper, he knows what it is like to feel inferior.

Oh his first jump, Owens inadvertently leaps from several inches beyond the takeoff board. Rattled, he fouls on his second attempt, too. One more foul and he will be eliminated.

At this point, the tall German introduces himself as Luz Long. “You should be able to qualify with your eyes closed!” he says to Owens, referring to his upcoming two jumps.

For the next few moments, the African American and the white model of Nazi manhood chat together. Then Long makes a suggestion. Since the qualifying distance is only 23 feet, 51/2inches, why not make a mark several inches before the takeoff board and jump from there, just to play it safe? Owens does and qualifies easily.

In the finals, Owens sets an Olympic record and earns the second of four gold medals. But who is the first person to congratulate him? Luz Long in full view of Adolf Hitler. Owens never again sees Long, who is later killed in World Warll.

“You could meltdown all the medals and cups I have,’ Owens later wrote, and they wouldn’t be a plating on the 24-carat friendship I felt for Luz Long.’ That congratulations from Luz Long was the greatest Olympic Prize for Jesse Owens.

The story is full of thrills. It is written in simple language. It has suspense of the highest kind. We feel proud that Jesse Owens blasted the myth of Aryan superiority propounded by Hitler and his cohorts.,

Activity VI (Homonyms)

Question 8.
Homonyms are multiple meaning words. They have the same spelling and the same pronunciation but have different meanings.

The word ‘trunks’ has different meanings. See the various sentences given below:
light, duck, pound, hunch, fair, gear
Answer:
Trunks =
i) shorts worn for sports
ii) The main part of a tree (tree-trunk)
iii) The space in the back of the car where we keep things
iv) The body of the elephant with which it lifts things box

Question 9.
Look at the following words. Find out at least two different meanings for these words and use them in sentences to make the meanings clear.
Answer:
a) Light:
i) the thing that makes things visible: There is no light in this room; I can’t see anything properly,
ii) not heavy – This table is very light; it may break easily.

b) Duck:
i) a water bird-There are some ducks in this pond.
ii) to avoid: He tried to punch me on my nose; but I ducked and so I was not hit.

C) Pound:
i) a measurement of weight : Felix weighed 134 pounds.
ii) To beat hard, to make into powder form: Many people like pounded yam very much.

d) Hunch:
i) feeling: I have a hunch that he will come today.
ii) A camel has a hunch on its back.

e) Fair:
i) not dark: Mariamma is a fair girt.
ii) good — Ne has a fair amount of money in the bank.

f) Gear:
i) A toothed wheel for adjusting speed: My car has 6 gears.
ii) Equipment or apparatus : A teacher’s gear consists of books and chalk.

Question 10.
The story ‘Amigo Brothers’ has many words related to boxing. Now look at the following games /sports. Find out as many words related to these games as possible. ‘
Answer:
Cricket: Bat, ball, wicket, run, batsman, bowler, runs, boundary, sixer, all-rounder, fielder, pads, leg before wicket, duck, century, no-ball, free-hit, appeal, umpire, all-out, innings.

Football: Attacker, back-pass, bicycle kick, Confederation, comer-kick, cross, defender, free kick, dribble, FIFA, foul, goal-area, goal line, goal mouth, goal keeper, header, in-swinger, kick-off, offside, out-swinger, penalty, pitch, shot, striker, yellow card, referee.

Chess: bishop, capture, castle, check, checkmate, chessboard, chessman, gambit, grandmaster, king, knight, man, mate, pawn, queen, retreat, rook, square, stalemate.

Swimming: swimming caps, swimming pool, swimming baths, swimming trunks, swimming costume, bikini, diving, backstroke, breaststroke.

Basketball: basket, court, ball, dribble, penalty, score, foul, NBA, offence, defence, speed, between the legs, behind the back, spin.

Hockey: goals, goalpost, net, ball, hockey-stick, shorts, shin-guards, gloves, face-guards, forward, half¬backs, full backs, goal keeper, pass-back, bully, tie.

III. Read And Reflect

Question 1.
In the following play we see a hero who is really true to his self and conscience. He struggles to keep to his truthful ways of life. He proves that truth will prevail in the end.

Amigo Brothers (Story) Edumate Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The conversation given below is part of an interview that Antonio and Felix gave to a reporter. What would be the reported version of the conversation?
Reporter : Has the fight affected your friendship?
Antonio : Never. We never take fighting into our hearts.
Reporter : Who, in your opinion is the winner of the fight?
Felix : That question doesn’t bother us. Both of us are winners.
Answer:
The reporter asked Antonio whether the fight had affected their friendship.
Antonio denied and added that they never took fighting into their hearts.
The reporter then asked who in their opinion the winner of the fight was.
Felix replied that the question did not bother them and both of them were winners.

Question 2.
You have witnessed the fight between the Amigo brothers and have been quite impressed by the way it ended. Prepare a write-up about the climax of the fight.
Answer:
The referee wanted the fight to be clean. In the first round Antonio Cruz and Felix Vargas do their best to outwit the other. But both are equally strong. In the second round also the same thing happens. Punches fly back and forth, but none is floored. Each punch is thunderously applauded by the crowd. Now comes the third round. Each contestant wants to win. They punch each other very hard. Nobody falls to the canvas. The final bell rings. But the fight continues. The bell rings again and again. But there is no stopping to the fighting. People start getting worried. It looks as if they are witnessing a do ordie fight and not a contest. There is utter silence. Then the referee and the trainer separate the two contestants.

Now the contestants embrace. They have forgotten that they were fighting like bulls until a moment ago.

The announcer makes an announcement. He is trying to name the winner and he looks around. But both Antonio and Felix had left like good old friends, arm in arm, declaring their strong bond of friendship. They proved themselves to be tfuly amigo bothers!

Question 3.
You might have got sincere friends whom you treasure more than anything else. Write a paragraph about your intimate friend.
Answer:
The sincerest friend I have is Joe. My parents are poor but Joe comes from a rich family. He helped me in all possible ways. He used to buy more note books than he needed and give me a few. He shared his texts with me. The same he did with pens. He brought lunch for two, telling his mother that he felt very hungry after the morning lessons. Like that we reached Class XII. Fortunately I had a good memory and I remembered whatever was taught in the class. I helped Joe explaining difficult things to him. Occasionally he took me to his house and allowed me to use all the amenities he had at home. He played games with me and always told me to have big dreams and work hard for realizing my dreams. He gave me biographies of Abdul Kalam and Abraham Lincoln and asked me to make them my role models. He was sure that I would make it in my life. I am following his advice and I am working hard.

I pray God to help my friend and me to fulfil our dreams. I will never forget Joe all my life.

Question 4.
Two days afterthe fight between Antonio and Felix, they receive a letter from the secretary of the Golden Gloves Championship informing that both have been selected for the tournament. Prepare the letter.
Answer:
Golden Gloves Championship
Lower East Side
New York City
Ref. No. GGC/l/13
August 9, 2016
Antonio Cruz & Felix Vargas Boxers’ Gymnasium New York City

Dear Mr. Cruz and Mr. Vargas,
Sub: Selection for the Golden Gloves Tournament We got a report from the referee of Division Finals Bout of August 7. He wrote about your friendship how hard you fought to win, but at the same time you did not want the other to lose. Such a thing is unheard of in the history of the Golden Gloves Championship Tournament.

Giving due respect to your close friendship, we are making an exception this year and we are selecting both of you for the Golden Gloves Championship. This is a tribute to your friendship. Keep it up and Best wishes.

Yours sincerely,
Sd/-

Mubarak Musa
Secretary

Question 5.
Moved by the Amigo Brother’s story of intimacy read from the newspaper you write a letter to Felix and Antonio congratulating them. Prepare the letter.
Answer:
Asha Sridhar
Standard XII
Crescent Public School
Chalakudy
8 August 2016

Dear Felix and Antonio,
Congrats Amigo Brothers! You really deserve that name! You have proved that friendship is greater than winning any competition.

You may not know me. I am a student from Kerala, India. I happened to read the story of your fight in the Division Finals and I was greatly impressed.

I am sure that the Golden Gloves Championship Authorities will take note of your intimacy and select both of you forthe Tournament.

Keep up your spirits, Amigos! I am really inspired by your spirit. I pray God to help you to achieve your dreams. I wish you all the best in life!

Yours sincerely,
Asha

Question 6.
Imagine yourself to be the announcer/commentator of the boxing match between Antonio and Felix. Write the script of the announcement that could be used before the match.
Answer:
Ladies and Gentlemen,
You are welcome to the Tompkins Square Park for the Division Finals. We have fine weather and I assure you that you will have an exciting time here. You have already seen some .earlier bouts. This is going to be the Bout of the Day!

The moment you have been anxiously waiting for has finally come. Two fine young Puerto Ricans fighters are ready to fight and win. On my left is Felix Vargas. He weighs 134 pounds. On my right is his rival in the fight Antonio Cruz. Cruz weighs 133 pounds. The winner will represent the Boys’ Club in the Tournament of Champions, the Golden Gloves. There will be no draw.

Gi ve Felix and Antonio a big round of applause. They | are going to thrill you in the coming moments! Felix, are you ready? Antonio, you too ready? The referee will blow the whistle now, to start the bout.

As in any bout, may the better man win!

Question 7.
After reading the story ‘Amigo Brothers’, certain students opined that boxing is a cruel game. But you have a different view. So your friends decide to conduct a debate on the topic ‘Boxing is a cruel game arousing animal instincts.’ What would be the possible arguments of your friends who support the topic. Write three points.
Answer:
Boxing makes us forget the importance of cooperation, sympathy and love and we are blinded only by one instinct-win anyhow!

Boxing brings physical suffering to both the winner and also loser.

By constantly practising, the boxer develops an unhealthy competitive spirit; he is ready to inflict pain, both mental and physical, even on his family members, because he becomes callous to others’ feelings.

Question 8.
“They remain uncompromising in fight, and in love as well”. This is the title of a news report that appeared in a daily about the Amigo brothers’fight. Prepare a detailed news report.
Answer:
Antonio Cruz and Felix Vargas were both 17. They were so close in their friendship they felt like brothers. They both had a dream – becoming the light weight champion of the world.

They exercised sometimes at the Boys’ Club and sometimes at the gym. After a series of elimination bouts, they were told they were to meet each other in the division finals. The day was fixed for 7 August. They both wanted to win. They talk about it. Then Felix makes a suggestion that they will not see each other until the day of the fight. After the fight they will get together again as if nothing happened. They continue training hard.

The fight is to take place at Tompkins Square Park for the Division Finals.

Felix Vargas and Antonio Cruz are ready. The announcer makes the announcement. There will be no draw. The referee blows the whistle and the fight is on.

In the first and second round Antonio Cruz and Felix Vargas do their best to outwit the other. But both are equally strong. Punches fly back and forth, but none is floored. Each punch is thunderously applauded by the crowd.

Now comes the third round. Each contestant wants to win. They punch each other very hard. Nobody falls to the canvas. The final bell rings. But the fight continues. The bdUfings again and again. But there is no stopping to the fighting. People start getting worried. It looks as if they are witnessing a do or die fight and not a contest. There is utter silence. Then the referee and the trainer separate the two contestants.

Now the contestants embrace. They have forgotten that they were fighting like bulls until a moment ago. The announcer makes an announcement. He is trying to name the winner and he looks around. But both Antonio and Felix had left the scene like good old friends, arm in arm, declaring their strong bond of friendship.

This is the spirit of love! Cooperation in Competition!

Question 9
Imagine that you are the reporter of a local TV channel. After the bout between Antonio and Felix, you were asked to interview them. Prepare a set of five questions to be asked to Antonio and Felix as part of the interview.
(Hints: reason for quitting the scene without waiting forthe result-thoughts during the fight, afterthe fight -theirfriendship- future plans etc.)
Answer:
You wanted to win badly. Then why did you decide to quit the scene before the result was announced? We know you are close friends. What were the thoughts going through your mind during the fight when you were punching each other hard?

What was in your mind after you were separated by the referee and the trainers and you left the scene without waiting to hear the result?

You were fighting like angry bulls at the bout. Will your friendship continue to be as intense as before, after what happened at the bout?

What would be your future plans? Are you going to choose boxing as your profession?

Question 10.
There are a few errors in each line of the excerpt given below. Identify and correct them.
‘Antonio nodded quitely. (a)
“Yeah. We both know that in the ring the better man win. (b)
It’s fair, Tony. When we get to the ring, it’s got to be like we never met. (c)
We got to be like two heavy strangers that wants the same thing and only one can have it. (d)
You understood?” (e)
Answer:
a) quietly,
b) wins,
c) into,
d) want,
e) understand?

Question 11.
The boxing competition between Antonio and Felix is coming to an end. Imagine yourself to be the announcer / commentator of the boxing match between Antonio and Felix. Write the script of the announcement that could be used to conclude the event.
Answer:
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Antonio and Felix are fighting like two ferocious bulls. Antonio is punching hard with his left hand. Felix is ducking avoiding the punch. Now Antonio is punching with his right hand it catches the jaw of Felix. Felix is flinching with pain. Felix throws all his weight behind his right hand and is hitting Antonio hard on his left ear. Antonio is trying to block it, but isn’t successful. The punch misses its aim. It hits the nose of Antonio. Look! His nose is bleeding and the blood is coming to his mouth. Oh my God! Now they are locked in each other’s grip. The referee is separating them. Antonio flies savagely to hit Felix on this right ear. The final whistle is sounding. But O, what am I seeing? The fight is going on! Why don’t they stop? The whistle is sounding again. Boys, stop, stop! O my God. What is happening? The referee is trying to separate them. The trainers come running. They too are trying to separate them. They are separate now. Am I seeing it right? I see the boys in a deep embrace. They are smiling at each other as if nothing happened. Felix takes Antonio’s hand and they are walking. (He consults the referee to see who the winner is.)

Ladies and gentlemen, today’s winner is …………. Hey, where are they? Have they disappeared? The crowd shouts – They both are winners!

Amigo Brothers About The Author

– Piri Thomas

Piri Thomas (1928-2011) was a writer and a poet. His memoir ‘Down These Mean Streets’ became a best-seller. He spent 7years in prison. He realized that no person is bom a criminal. He used his street and prison experience to teach the youth prone to risk, to help them avoid a life of crime. He travelled a lot in the USA, Central America and Europe, and gave lectures and conducted workshops in colleges and universities.

Amigo Brothers Summary in English

Page 40: Antonio Cruz and Felix Vargas were both 17. They were so together in friendship that they felt like brothers. They had known each otherfrom childhood. They grew up in the same building on the Lower East Side of Manhattan.

Antonio was fair, lean and lanky. Felix was dark, short and husky. Antonio’s hair was always falling over his eyes. Felix wore his black hair in an Afro style. They both had a dream – becoming a light-weight champion of the world.

Whenever they got a chance they exercised, sometimes at the Boy’s Club and sometimes at the gym. They would run every day morning, wearing sweat shirts and short towels around their necks. While some youngsters were into street doing wrong things, Antonio and Felix slept and had positive dreams. They had a collection of Fight magazines. They also kept the torn tickets of all the boxing matches they had gone to see. They also had some, cuppings of their own.

After a series of elimination bouts, they were told that they were to meet each other in the division finals scheduled forthe 7th of August. That was 2 weeks away. The winner would represent the koy’s Club in the Golden Gloves Championship Tournament.

They boys continued to run together. But even when joking with each other, they both sensed a wall rising between them.

Page 41: One morning, less than a week before their bout, they met as usual for their workout. Antonio glanced at Felix who kept his eyes straight ahead. He was practising some leg movements and hitting an imaginary jaw. Felix suddenly stopped and told Antonio that they must speak to eaGh other.

Antonio knew it was about their fight. Felix said that since he came to know the fight was between them, he kept awake at night pulling punches on Antonio, trying not to hurt him. Antonio told the same thing. He said that it is natural they thought about the fight. Both are fighters and they both want to win. There are no draws in the eliminations.

Felix tapped Antonio gently and told him he wanted to win. Antonio replied by saying that in the ring the better man wins. When they get into the ring it has to be as if they had never met. They will be like two strangers who want the same thing but only one can have it. Felix agreed. They have to fight it out.

Felix then makes a suggestion. They won’t see each other until the day of the fight. He will stay with his Aunt Lucy, in the Bronx. Antonio agreed and he held out his hand, palm upwards making a deal. Felix sealed the deal by slapping on the open palm. Antonio wanted Felix to run with him a little more. But Felix said he wanted to be free as he wanted to think alone. Antonio asked him if Felix was worried. Felix laughed and said he was not worried. They will fight and afterthat they will get together again as if nothing had happened. The amigo brothers hugged each other tightly.

The evening before the big fight, Antonio made his way to the roof of his building. He tried not to think of Felix. He thought he had made up his mind. He would knock out Felix early and quickly so that he does not get hurt by a long fight.

Page 42: Felix decided towatch a movie in an effort to keep Antonio’s face away from his mind and fists. The film was The Champion’, acted by Kirk Douglas. The champion was getting beaten. Felix got a shock. He imagined himself in the ring, blasting Antonio against the ropes.

He stopped watching the film and began to walk on the street. There he saw only a few boys wearing gang colours. Walking did not relax him. Neitherdid the film. It had stirred him up. He went straight back to bed.

Antonio was passing some heavy time on the rooftop. How will the fight tomorrow affect his relations with Felix? Friendship had nothing to do with the fight. But he soon controlled his negative thoughts. He did some fancy dance steps to drive away his negative thinking. His amigo brother Felix was not going to be Felix in the ring. He was just an opponent. He prayed for victory through a quick clean knockout in the first round the Golden Gloves. There will be no draw. May the best man win.”

The crowd cheered wildly. At the centre of the ring, the referee gave instructions. “Keep your punches up. No low blows. No punching on the back of the head. Let’s have a clean fight. Now shake hands and come out fighting.”

Both the fighters touched the gloves and nodded. Felix and Antonio turned and faced each other squarely in a fighting pose. Felix wasted no time. Now they were fighting like real competitors. The first round came to an end both trying hard to floor the other.

Page 44: The second round began. Felix was off his stool and rushed to Antonio like a bull. Antonio fought back well. Neither fighter was giving an inch. Suddenly Felix hit Antonio on the chin. Antonio’s legs turned jelly and his arms flailed out desperately. Suddenly his head cleared and hit Felix on the bridge of his nose. The crowd was roaring at each punch. Soon the second round came to an end.

The referee asked the ring doctor to check the fighters out. He said OK. The cold water sponges brought clarity to both amigo brothers. They were rubbed until their circulation ran free.

Now was the final round. So far things were even. Everyone knew there could be no draw and this was the final round to decide the winner.

Antonio came out fast. Felix also attacked. Both pounded away. Neither gave an inch and neither fell to the canvas. They fought to win. The sounds of their blows were loud. The crowd had gone completely silent. The referee was stunned by their savagery.

The bell sounded over and over again. Felix and Antonio did not hear the bell. Their blows continued to pound on each other like hailstones. Finally the referee and the two trainers separated them to bring them back to their senses. They looked around and then rushed toward each other.

Page 45: A cry of alarm surged through the crowd. Was this a fight to the death instead of a boxing match? The fear soon ended as the two amigos embraced. No matter what the decision, they knew they would always be champions to each other. The announcer started: “Ladies and Gentlemen. The winner and representative to the Gold Gloves Tournament of Champions is ” The announcer did not see Felix and Antonio. Arm in arm, the champions had already left the ring!

Amigo Brothers Summary in Malayalam

Amigo Brothers Glossary

Plus Two English Textbook Answers

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The Circulatory System Class 10 ICSE Questions and Answers

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ICSE Class 10 Biology The Circulatory System Questions and Answers

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APlusTopper.com provides ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Biology Chapter 6 The Circulatory System for ICSE Board Examinations. We provide step by step Solutions for ICSE Biology Class 10 Solutions Pdf. You can download the Class 10 Biology ICSE Textbook Solutions with Free PDF download option.

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Short Questions

Question 1: Why is circulatory system also known as transport system ?
Answer: Circulatory system is also called transport system because it transports food, water, hormones,
enzymes, electrolytes, antibodies and respiratory gases to or away from the body tissues.

Question 2: Write about origin and functions of Red Blood Corpuscles.
Answer: Origin: R.B.Cs. or erythrocytes are minute biconcave disc-like structures, flat in the centre and thick and round at periphery in blood formed in red bone marrow of the long bones and bregot bone.
Function: They help in the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide to the different parts of body.

Question 3: Complete the following table:

Components	Origin	Function	Approx. No. (mm³)	Life span
RBCs
WBCs
Platelets

Answer:

Components	Origin	Function	Approx. No. (mm³)	Life span
RBCs	Bone marrow	Carry O₂ to the different parts of body	4.8 million-5.5 million	120 days
WBCs	Bone marrow	Develop immunity	7,000	Two weeks
Platelets	Large bone marrow cells	Initiate blood clotting	250,000	2-3 days

Question 4: Define the following terms Diapedesis.
Answer: The process in which the leucocytes or white blood cells squeeze out through the walls of blood capillaries at the site of injury to fight against pathogens.

Question 5: State any five functions of blood.
Answer: (i) It transports oxygen from lungs to body tissues.
(ii) It transports carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs partly in combination with haemoglobin and partly as solution in blood plasma.
(iii) It transports digested food to different organs of the body which is utilized by cells.
(iv) It helps in keeping the temperature of the body uniform by distributing heat.
(v) It forms a clot wherever there is a cut in a blood vessel. The clot not only prevents further loss of blood but also prevents the entry of disease germs.

Question 6: The table below is designed to indicate the transport of certain substances in our body. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers:

Answer: (i) Oxygen, (ii). Whole body, Lungs, (iii) Liver, Kidney
(iv) Liver, (v) Hormones, Endocrine glands, (vi) Tissues.

Question 7: Why are capillaries thin walled ?
Answer: The capillaries are thin walled, because they help in the exchange of gases and diffusion of materials into the cells. This diffusion is possible due to the thinness of its walls.

Question 8: Describe the role of lymph.
Answer: (i) Transport of nutrients and oxygen to the cells and tissues.
(ii) Removal of CO₂ and nitrogenous wastes from the tissues and carry them to the blood.
(iii) It absorbs fatty acids and glycerol through lacteals.
(iv) It destroys harmful pathogens by its lymphocytes.
(v) It maintains body temperature.
(vi) It regulates protein level in the tissue fluid.

Question 9: Name the blood vessels entering the heart and leaving the heart.
Answer: Blood Vessels entering the heart: The right atrium receives two large vessels :
(i) Anterior vena cava (ii) Posterior vena cava
Blood Vessels leaving the heart: Arising from the ventricle are two large blood vessels :
(i) The pulmonary artery (ii) The aorta
The coronary arteries arising from the base of aorta.

Question 10: Name the Blood vessels entering liver and kidney and Blood vessels leaving liver and kidney.
Answer: (a) Blood vessels entering liver:
(i) Hepatic artery (from aorta into liver).
(ii) Hepatic portal vein (from stomach and intestine into liver).
(b) Blood vessel entering kidney:
Renal artery (from aorta into kidney).
(c) Blood vessel leaving liver:
Hepatic vein (from liver into posterior vena cava)
(d) Blood vessel leaving kidney:
Renal vein (from kidney into posterior vena cava).

Question 11: What does the term ‘double circulation’ mean ?
Answer: Double circulation means that the blood flows twice in the heart before it completes one full round-the short pulmonary (lung) circulation and the long systemic (general body) circulation.
For this reason the blood circulation in human body is also called double circulation.

Question 12: In what ways does the blood entering the kidney differ from that leaving the kidney ?
Answer: The blood entering the kidneys contains excretory substances such as urea, uric acid, etc. These substances are removed from the blood in the kidneys and the blood is free from the waste : products of metabolism when it leaves the kidneys.

Question 13: What is blood pressure ? How is it measured ?
Answer: The blood flowing through the arteries exert some pressure on its walls. This pressure is known as blood pressure. It is measured by an instrument named as sphygmomanometer.

Question 14: What is the value of systolic B. P. and diastolic B. P. of a normal human adult ?
Answer: Systolic B. P. is 100-140.
Diastolic B. P. is 60-80.

Question 15: Write short note on Tissue Fluid.
Answer: Tissue Fluid or Intercellular Fluid: As the blood flows in the capillaries of the tissues, the plasma and the leucocytes Teak out’Through their walls. This fluid bathes the cells and is called the tissue fluid or the intercellular or extracellular fluid. It is from this fluid that the cells absorb oxygen and other required substances, and in turn, give out CO₂ and other wastes back into it.

Question 16: The table below is designed to indicate the major arteries emerging from the aorta and supplying blood to different organs.
Fill in the blanks with suitable answers.

Answer: (i) Renal, (ii) Gonads (testis, ovary), (iii) Right sub-Calvin,
(iv) Diaphragm, (v) Hepatic, (vi) Inter coastal.

Question 17: Describe in brief die cardiac cycle.
Answer: Cardiac Cycle : It is the sequential phenomenon of contraction and relaxation of heart. The action potential causes atria and then ventricles to undergo contraction (systole) followed by their relaxation (diastole). Systole forces blood to move from the atria to the ventricles and to the pulmonary artery and the aorta, then. The heart beats 72 times in a minute. So several cardiac cycles are done per minute. The duration of cardiac cycle is 0-8 seconds. Two heart sounds are heard by stethoscope during each cardiac cycle.

Question 18: When are the sounds ‘LUBB’ and ‘DUB’ produced during heart beat ?
Answer: The first sound ‘LUBB’ is produced when the atrio-ventricular valves get closed sharply at the start of ventricular systole. The second sound ‘DUB’ is produced at the beginning of ventricular diastole when the semilunar valves, at the roots of aorta and pulmonary artery get closed.

Question 19: What is the Rh-factor.
Answer: The Rh-factor was first discovered in the Rhesus monkey. It was found that Rh (rhesus) antigens were causing many of the transfusion failures that were unexplained by A-B-O system. There are at least eight different Rh antigens so far. The person bearing Rh-factor is Rh^+ve and person who does not possess this factor is Rh^-ve.

Give Reasons

Question 1: Why is circulatory system also known as transport system ?
Answer: The circulatory system is also known as transport system because it carries various substances from one organ to another.

Question 2: Why do people have a common belief that the heart is located on the left side of the chest ?
Answer: The narrow end of the roughly triangular heart is pointed to the left side and during working the contraction of the heart is most powerful at this end giving a feeling of the heart being on the left side. Actually it is right in the centre between the two lungs and above the diaphragm.

Question 3: Veins have valves at intervals in their inner lining whereas the arteries do not have valves. Explain.
Answer: In arteries blood flows with pressure but in veins the pressure falls considerably and the back flow of blood is prevented by the semilunar valves.

Question 4: Why is SA node called pace maker of the heart.
Answer: The SA node is called the pace-maker of the heart because the wave of contraction which conducts heart beat originates in it.

Question 5: Why is it necessary to know the blood groups before giving transfusion of blood ?
Answer: In blood transfusion, it is necessary that the kind or the type of blood to be transfused should be matched with the type of blood of the receiving person. Otherwise, the RBC of the donor blood will stick to each other and block the passage of blood vessels of the receiver leading to death. Hence, it is necessary to know the blood groups before transfusion of blood.

Question 6: Can the blood dot inside the blood vessels. Give reason in support of your answer.
Answer: The blood inside the blood vessels does not dot because there is no free thromboplastin available to convert into active prothrombin into active thrombin.

Question 7: Why does the number of leucocytes increase during infection ?
Answer: The number of leucocytes increase during infection to fulfill the defence demand of the body.

Differentiate

Question 1: Blood and Lymph.
Answer:

Blood	Lymph
(i) Blood contains plasma, RBCs, WBCs and platelets.	Lymph contains only the soluble parts of plasma.
(ii) It contains albumin, globulin and fibrinogen.	It does not contain these substances.
(iii) It is a opaque red coloured fluid of alkaline reaction.	It is a colourless fluid resembling blood in other respects.

Question 2: Arteries and Veins.
Answer:

Arteries	Veins
(i) These carry blood from the heart to different organs of the body.	These collect blood from different organs of the body.
(ii) These contain oxygenated blood (Pulmonary artery contains deoxygenated blood)	These contain deoxygenated blood. (Pulmonary vein contains oxygenated bloods).
(iii) Blood flows rapidly with jerks under pressure.	Blood flows slowly at a constant slow speed.
(iv) The walls are thick and elastic.	The walls are thin and non-elastic.
(v) Valves are absent.	Valves are present.

Question 3: Red blood cells and White blood cells.
Answer:

RBCs	WBCs
(i) These are minute biconcave disc like structures, flat in centre, thick and round at the periphery and nuclei are absent in mature RBCs.	These are amoeboid and can produce pseudopodia and have a nucleus.
(ii) These contain a respiratory pigment haemoglobin.	Haemoglobin is not present.
(iii) RBCs help in transport of oxygen and CO₂.	WBCs help in protection of the body against infections from the germs.
(iv) The number of RBCs in adult male is 5 million per cu. millimeter.	Their number is usually about 4000-8000 per cubic millimeter.
(vi) Their average life span is about 120 days.	Their average life span is about two weeks.

Question 4: Open circulatory system and Closed circulatory system.
Answer:

Open circulatory system	Closed circulatory system
(i) Blood may flow in vessels but also remains in direct contact with tissues.	Blood flows in definite vessels known as arteries and veins.
(ii) Blood spaces or sinuses are present.	Blood spaces or sinuses are absent.
(iii) Haemocoel is present.	Haemocoel is absent.
(iv) Found in insects, e.g., cockroach, housefly, etc.	Found in annelids and higher vertebrates.

Question 5: Diastole and Systole.
Answer:

Diastole	Systole
It is the condition of the heart when the chambers relax.	It is the condition of the heart when the chambers of the heart contract.
It is the condition when the blood enters the chamber, e,g., when left atrium relaxes, blood enters from the pulmonary vein under low pressure.	It is the condition when the blood is pumped out of the heart, e.g., when the left ventricle contracts, the blood is pumped to the body under high pressure.

Question 6: Blood plasma and Serum.
Answer:

Blood plasma	Serum
It is transparent fluid part of blood that contains blood corpuscles, fibrinogen and prothrombin.	It is a transparent fluid secreted from blood clot that do no contain blood corpuscles, fibrinogen and prothrombin.

Diagram Based Questions

Question 1: Given alongside is a diagram of the external features of the heart.
(i) Name the parts ‘1’ to ‘7’.
(ii) What happens if the coronary artery gets an internal clot ?
(iii) Which type of blood does part ‘5’ carry ?
(iv) Mention one structural difference between part ‘5’ and ‘4’.

Answer: (i) 1. Aorta, 2. Left atrium, 3. Left ventricle, 4. Dorsal aorta, 5. Inferior vena cava, 6.Superior vena cava, 7. Pulmonary artery.
(ii) If the coronary artery gets an internal clot, the corresponding part of the heart does not get its blood supply. This will result in loss of contraction or even death of the cardiac cells resulting in a heart attack or coronary arrest which may prove to be fatal.
(iii) Part ‘5’ which is the inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood which is rich in CO₂ and metabolic wastes.
(iv) Part ‘5’ is more muscular and lumen is narrow while part ‘4’ is less muscular and lumen is wider.

Question 2: Given below is the simplified pathway of the circulatory system :

(i) Name the blood vessels marked 1 to 8.
(ii) Name the chamber of the heart which:
(a) Receives blood from ‘1’.
(b) Pumps blood into blood vessel ‘8’.
(iii) Mention two structural differences between blood vessels ‘7’ and ‘2’.
Answer: (i) 1. Pulmonary vein, 2. Dorsal aorta, 3. Hepatic portal vein, 4. Renal artery, 5. Iliac vein, 6. Hepatic vein, 7. Inferior vena-cava, 8. Pulmonary artery.
(ii) (a) Left auricle.
(b) Right ventricle.
(iii) (a) The inferior vena cava arises from iliac veins coming from the hind limbs, while the dorsal aorta arises from the left ventricle and continues behind as the abdominal aorta.
(b) The deoxygenated blood is collected by the inferior vena cava, while the branches of the dorsal aorta supplies oxygenated blood to the body parts.

Question 3: Given below is a schematic representation of the circulatory system in man. Study the same and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Label the parts 1 to 4 indicated in the diagram.
(ii) Give one difference between the parts 1 and 2 based on:
(a) their structure
(b) the nature of blood flowing through them.
(iii) What is the specific name of the type of blood circulation that takes place between the heart and the lungs ?
(iv) Name the valve found at the beginning of the part labeled 3.
Answer: (i) 1. Right auricle
2. Left ventricle
3. Aorta
4. Body organs
(ii)

Right Auricle	Left Ventricle
The wall of right auricle is thinner and smooth.	The wall of left ventricle is thicker and rough.
The deoxygenated blood flows.	The oxygenated blood flows.

(iii) Pulmonary circulation.
(iv) Aortic semilunar valve.

Question 4: Given alongside is a highly diagrammatic sketch of the internal structure of the human heart: (i) Name the parts numbered 1-11. (ii) What is the main difference in the quality of blood contained in parts 6 and 7 ?
Answer: (i) 1. Anterior or superior vena cava
2. Pulmonary vein.
3. Mitral or bicuspid valve.
4. Dorsal aorta.
5. Semilurlar aortic valve.
6. Left ventricle.
7. Right ventricle
8. Pulmonary semilunar valve.
9. Pulmonary artery.
10. Tricuspid valve.
11. Right atrium.
(ii) Part 6 contains oxygenated blood whereas part 7 contains deoxygenated blood.

Question 5: The diagram below represents the simplified pathway of the circulation of blood. Study the same and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name the blood vessels labeled 1 and 2.
(ii) State the function of blood vessels labeled 5 and 8.
(iii) What is the importance of the blood vessel labeled 6 ?
(iv) Which blood vessel will contain a high amount of glucose and amino acids after a meal ?
(v) Draw a diagram of the different blood cells as seen in a smear of human blood.
Answer: (i) (1) Anterior vena cava.
(2) Aorta
(ii) (5) Carries oxygenated blood to the liver.
(8) Brings deoxygenated blood from lower parts of the body to heart.
(iii) It brings all the digested food and deoxygenated blood from parts of alimentary canal to liver.
(iv) Blood vessel number 6.
(v)

Question 6: The figures given below are cross-sections of blood vessels.

(i) Identify the blood vessels A, B and C.
(ii) Name the parts labeled 1-4.
(iii) Mention two structural differences between A and B.
(iv) Name the type of blood A that flows (a) through A, (b) through B.
(v) In which of the above vessels referred to in (iv) above does exchange of gases actually take place ?
Answer: (i) (A) Artery, (B) Vein, (C) Capillary.
(ii) 1. Connective tissue
2. Lumen.
3. Tunica media.
4. Tunica intima/Endothelium.
(iii) Two structural differences between arteries and veins are :
(a) Arteries are thick-walled and veins are thin walled.
(b) There are no valves in arteries while valves are present in veins.
(iv) (a) Oxygenated blood flows through A.
(b) Deoxygenated blood flows through B.
(v) The exchange of gases takes place in C capillaries.

Question 7: Given below is a simple diagram of the circulation of blood in a mammal showing the main blood vessels, the heart, lungs and body tissues. The blood vessel labeled 6 contains deoxygenated blood and 2 the valve leading to it has three semi-lunar pockets.

(i) Name the blood vessels of organs marked by number 1 to 8.
(ii) What do you mean by the term ‘double circulation’ of blood in mammals ?
(iii) What is diastole ?
Answer: (i) 1. Veins from tissues.
2. Superior vena cava
3. Aorta
4. Right ventricle
5. Left ventricle
6. Pulmonary Artery
7. Pulmonary vein
8. Lungs.
(ii) The heart is said to have double circulation because the blood passes through the heart twice.
(a) It first leaves t.rough the right ventricle, goes to the lungs and then returns to the left auricle of heart (pulmonary circulation).
(b) It leaves through the leftyentricle, circulates through the body, and again returns to the right auricle of heart (systemic circulation).
(iii) Diastole is the phase of relaxation of the heart muscles during which the heart chambers fill with blood and the supply of blood to the cardiac muscle is improved.

Question 8: The diagram given below represents the human heart in one phase of its activity. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name the phase.
(ii) Which parts of the heart are contracting in this phase ? Give a reason to support your answer.
(iii) Name the part numbered 1 to 6.
(iv) What type of blood flows through the parts marked ‘1’ and ‘2’?
(v) How many valves are closed in this phase?
Answer: (i) Ventricular systole.
(ii) Both ventricles are contracting in this phase, because both bicuspid and tricuspid valves are closed in order to prevent the back flow of blood into auricles and the semilunar valves are open.
(iii) 1. Pulmonary artery,
2. Aorta,
3. Pulmonary vein,
4. Left auricle,
5. Bicuspid valve (mitral valve),
6. Right ventricle.
(iv) ‘1’—carnes deoxygenated blood. ‘2’—carries oxygenated blood.
(v) Two (Bicuspid and Tricuspid) valves.

Question 9: The figure below represents die internal structure of a mammalian heart and the associated blood vessels.

(i) (a) Name each of the structures labeled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.
(b) State the function of each of the structures 5, 6, 7 and 8.
(ii) (a) State the function of heart as an entire organ.
(b) Why are the walls of the left ventricle more muscular than the right ?
Answer: (i) (a) 1. Right auricle,
2. Left ventricle,
3. Pulmonary artery,
4. Pulmonary vein,
5. Inferior vena cava,
6. Aorta,
7. Pulmonary semilunar valve,
8. Tricuspid valve.
(b) 5 — carry deoxygenated blood from the body parts to the right auricle of the heart.
6 — distributes blood all over the body.
7 — prevents the back flow of the blood into the ventricles.
8 — prevents the reverse flow of the blood from right ventricle into the right auricle,
(ii) (a) The heart makes the blood to circulate all over the body.
(b) The walls of left ventricle are more muscular because they have to pump blood to a larger distance than the right so that walls have to withstand a high pressure.

Question 10: The diagrams given below show the cross section of two kinds of blood vessels:

(i) Identify the blood vessels A and B. In each case give a reason to support your answer.
(ii) Name the parts numbered 1 and 2.
(iii) When are the sounds “LUBB” and “DUB” produced during a heartbeat ?
(iv) Name the blood vessel that
(a) begins and ends in capillaries.
(b) supplies blood to the walls of the heart.
Answer: (i) A—Artery, B—Vein, because in A lumen is narrow, in B lumen is wide.
(ii) 1 —> Endothelium, 2 —> Lumen.
(iii) Lubb is produced when ventricles contract and atrio-ventricular valves get closed at the beginning of ventricular systole.
Dub is produced by the closure of semilunar valves at the beginning of ventricular diastole.
(iv) (a) Portal system
(b) Coronary arteries

Question 11: The diagram given below represents the human heart in one phase of its functional activities. Study the same and answer the questions that follow:

(ii) Label the parts 1, 2 and 3
(iii) Which part of the heart is contracting in this phase ? Give a reason to support your answer.
Answer: (i) Atrial systole.
(ii) (1) Left pulmonary artery
(2) Superior vena cava
(3) Aorta.
(iii) Simultaneous contraction of both the auricles. Because the cuspid valves are open, allowing blood to flow into ventricles.

Question 12: The diagram shows different types of blood cells, Name them.

Answer: (A) Red blood cells (B) RBC in section (C) Basophil (D) Neutrophil (E) Lymphocyte (F) Monocyte (G) Eosinophil (H) Platelets.

Question 13: The diagram below represents a certain category of blood vessels showing the role of a special structure in their walls :

(i) Name the kind of blood vessels shown.
(ii) What is the structure shown inside the blood vessels ?
(iii) What is the role of these structures ?
(iv) Are these structures present in any other kind of blood vessel ? If so, name it.
(v) Towards which side of the figure (Top or Bottom) is the heart located ?
Answer: (i) Veins.
(ii) Pocket valves.
(iii) These structures maintain the flow of blood in one direction only by preventing its back¬flow.
(iv) Yes. These are present in lymph vessels.
(v) The heart is located towards the top side of the figure.

Question 14: The diagram represents the ‘closed system’ or ‘double circulation’ of blood in mammals.

Justify the above statement.
State two structural and two functional differences between the arteries and veins.
State the changes in the composition of blood as it passes through the following organs :
(a) Lungs (b) Gut (c) Liver (d) Kidneys.
Answer: Double circulation or closed system : In human beings, the heart has double circulation as the blood passes through the heart twice.
(1) It first leaves the heart (right ventricle) and goes to lungs and then returns to the heart (left auricle).
(2) From the left auricle it circulates through the entire body and again returns to the heart (right auricle).
See Answer to Question 11, differentiate between.
(a) In lungs, the blood releases carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen.
Hence before passing through the lungs it contains more CO₂ while it contains more oxygen after it has passed through the lungs.
(b) When blood passes through the gut, it absorbs digested food materials i.e., it contain more carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water, ions and vitamins.
(c) As the blood passes through liver, it contains more urea another waste materials.
(d) As the blood passes through kidneys, it contains less urea and other waste materials.

Sketch and Label the Diagram

Question 1: Draw the diagrams external features of heart.
Answer:

Question 2: Position of valves in human heart.
Answer:

Question 3: Draw well labeled diagrams of part Artery and Superior vena cava to show the structural.
Answer: (i) Artery

(ii) Superior vena cava

Explain the Terms

Question:
1. Blood Pressure
2. Pulse rate
3. Double Circulation
4. Hepatic Portal System
5. Diapedesis
6. Haemopoiesis
7. Phagocytosis
8. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
9. Pace maker
Answer: 1. When the blood flows in the artery it exerts a pressure on the elastic wall of the artery which is called blood pressure. It is greater during systole (contraction) than during diastole (relaxation) of the heart. In a normal adult the blood pressure is 120/80 where systolic is 120 and diastolic pressure is 80 mm of Hg (mercury).
2. Pulse rate indicates the rate at which the heart beats. Each heartbeat results from the contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart. Both the auricles contract at a time and pour the blood into the main artery (dorsal aorta). The systole and diastole take 0.8 secs., which is 75 beats per minute.
3. In mammals the heart produces two separate circulations, the pulmonary to the lungs and systemic to the rest of the body. These two separate circulations are jointly called double circulation. From the right ventricle deoxygenated blood goes to lung for purification and
comes back to left auricle through pulmonary vein after purification which is known as pulmonary circulation,. Distribution of blood from left ventricle to different parts of the body and back to hearts as deoxygenated blood is known as systemic circulation.
4. Systems of veins carrying blood capillaries of intestine to liver in mammals is called hepatic portal system. The blood from the intestine carries digested carbohydrates and proteins, i.e., glucose and amino acids to the liver which converts them into glycogen and urea respectively.
5. The passage of White Blood Corpuscles through unruptured wall of blood vessels is known as diapedesis. It also helps in engulfing the germs and also protects the body from getting infected.
6. Formation of blood corpuscles like WBC and RBC by the bone marrow and lymph nodes is called haemopoiesis. Bone marrow and lymph nodes are called haemopoietic tissues.
7. When WBC engulfs the damaged tissues bacteria and germs, the phenomenon is called phagocytosis.
8. Electrocardiogram is the recorded report of an electrocardiograph which is produced by the heart muscle during the cardiac cycle of contraction and relaxation.
9. The tissue present on the wall of the right auricle where initiation of heart beat starts is known as a pace maker.

Name the Following

Question:
1. The study of blood vascular system including arteries, veins and heart.
2. Number of chambers present in the human heart.
3. Name the muscles which made up the wall of the heart.
4. Layer, which surrounds the heart.
5. The blood vessel leaving the left ventricle of the mammalian heart.
6. The valve present between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
7. The blood vessel supplying blood to the kidney.
8. The blood vessel that begins and ends in capillaries.
9. The blood vessels which have valves in them.
10. The fine blood vessels in the tissues through which exchange of materials occurs
11. The number of RBCs in men.
12. The instrument by which RBC are counted is called.
13. Oxygen is transported by the blood in the form of
14. The enzyme which converts fibrinogen to fibrin.
15. The blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed.
16. By which the human body is protected from invading bacteria.
Answer:
1. Angiology
2. Four
3. Cardiac muscles
4. Pericardium
5. Dorsal aorta
6. Bicuspid valve
7. Renal artery
8. Hepatic portal vein
9. Veins
10. Capillaries
11. 5,000,000/mm³
12. Haemocytometer
13. Oxyhaemoglobin
14. Thrombokinase
15. Serum
16. W.B.C

Give Technical Terms

Question:
1. What is the approximate weight of heart of a man ?
2. An unstable bright red compound formed between haemoglobin and oxygen to carry the oxygen to the body cells.
3. An artery which carries de-oxygenated blood.
4. Name the vein in the human body which carries oxygenated blood.
5. Name the metallic element present in red blood cells.
6. A fluid that transports fatty acids and glycerols.
7. The phase of cardiac cycle in which the auricles contract.
8. The respiratory pigment contained in human blood.
9. The blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver.
10. Name an instrument which is used to hear heart sounds.
11. The mineral element essential for the clotting of blood.
12. The soluble protein present in blood plasma responsible for blood clotting.
13. The process by which leucocytes engulf and destroy bacteria.
14. WBCs squeeze through the walls of the capillaries into the tissue.
15. The artificial method of filtering the blood or removing the wastes from the blood.
Answer:
1. 300 gm (approx.)
2. Oxyhaemoglobin
3. Pulmonary artery
4. Pulmonary vein
5. Iron 6. Lymph
7. Atrial systole
8. Haemoglobin
9. Hepatic artery
10. Stethoscope
11. Calcium
12. Prothrombin
13. Phagocytosis
14. Diapedesis
15. Dialysis

Fill in the Blanks

Complete the following sentences with appropriate words :
1. The iron pigment Haemoglobin gives red colour to the blood.
2. The Heart is the most powerful organ in the circulatory system.
3. The average heartbeat rate is 72 beats per minute in human being.
4. In man (human), heart has Four chambers.
5. The erythrocytes contain an iron-rich pigment called Haemoglobin.
6. Non-coagulation of blood is called Haemophilia.
7. When oxygen is in fairly high concentration, the haemoglobin quickly combines with it and forms an unstable compound known as Oxyhaemoglobin.
8. The element required for blood clotting is Calcium.
9. Thrombocyte helps in blood clotting.
10. The three distinct types of blood vessels are Arteries, veins and the capillaries.
11. The site of production of W.B.Cs in the embryo is Red bone marrow.
12. The Spleen is referred to as the graveyard of red blood corpuscles and the bone marrow referred to as the cradle of red blood corpuscles.
13. The red blood corpuscles are Biconcave and disc shaped cells without nucleus.
14. The fluid in the space between the tissue cell is called Tissue fluid/interstitial fluid.
15. The foundations of physiology were laid by the physician William Harvey.
16. Beside food, oxygen and waste materials, circulatory system transports Hormones to various parts of the body.
17. Arteries are the blood vessels which usually carry oxygenated blood.
18. The chamber of heart which pumps blood into aorta is Left ventricle.
19. Arteries are Thick walled and the veins are thin walled vessels.
20. The blood vessel which transports blood from heart to an organ is called Artery.
21. The sequence of one systole followed by one diastole is termed as the Cardiac cycle.
22. The membranous covering of the heart is Pericardium.
23. The heart is made up of special muscles, the Cardiac muscles.
24. The blood vessel that begins and ends in capillaries is the Portal vein.
25. The blood vessel leaving the left ventricle of the mammalian heart is the Left aorta.

True & False

Mention, if the following statements are True or False. If false rewrite the wrong statement in its correct form:
1. The heart of a normal human adult beats more than one lakh times per day. (True)
2. W.B.C. contains haemoglobin. (False, RBC contains haemoglobin.)
3. R.B.Cs are of several kinds whereas WBCs are of one kind. (False, RBCs are of one kind whereas WBCs are of several kinds.)
4. Leucocytes show amoeboid movement. (True)
5. The average life of red blood cells in our body is about 120 hours. (False, The average life of a red blood cell in our body is about 120 days.)
6. Serum is an immunological preparation of blood (without cells and fibrinogen) containing antibodies and antitoxins against specific diseases. (True)
7. Blood group AB is universal donor. (False, Blood group O is a universal donor.)
8. The walls of auricles are thicker than those of ventricles. (False, The walls of auricles are thinner than those of ventricles.)

State the Location

Name	Location
Hepatic portal vein	It is located between alimentary canal and liver.
Tonsils	They are located in the posterior wall of nasopharynx.
Spleen	It is located just beneath the stomach.
Sino-auricular node	It is a special kind of muscle located in the heart.
Bicuspid value	It is located in between the left auricle (atrium) and left ventricle left auricle.
Pulmonary vein	Arises from lungs and pours blood into the left auricle.
Semilunar valves of the heart	Located in the arteries leaving the heart.
Bundle of His	Arises from atrio ventricular node, moves along inter-ventricular septum to the apex of ventricle and then radiates upwards.

State the Function

Write the functional activity of the following structures:

Name	Function
Pulmonary vein	Brings oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart for circulation throughout the body.
Thrombocytes	Helps in clotting of blood.
Semilunar valves of the heart.	They preyent the back flow of blood from the pulmonary artery and aorta into the heart.
Bundle of His	They carry the wave of excitation from atrio ventricular node to the.ventricles.
Coronary artery	It carries blood to the muscles of heart..
Bicuspid valve	It prevents the reverse flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left auricle.
Haemoglobin	It is the respiratory pigment, helps to carry O2 to the body parts.
Vitamin K	Helps in clotting of blood.
Pericardium	It protects the heart.
Pulmonary artery	To Transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Lymph	It transports fatty acids and glycerol, it also protects the body against microorganisms.
W.B.C.	To fight against micro organism by producing antibodies.
R.B.C.	To transports oxygen to the body parts.
Platelets	Helps in bloods clotting.
Tricuspid valve	It prevents the reverse flow of blood from the right ventricle into the left auricle.
Chordae tendinae	To keep the cuspid valves in position.
Vena cava	To carry deoxygenated blood from the body parts to the right auricle of the heart.

Choose the Odd One Out

1. Human heart, Fish heart, Reptile heart, Toad heart. (Heart Fish)
2. Artery, Vein, Portal vein, Lacteal. (Lacteal)
3. RBC, ATP, WBC, Platelets. (ATP)
4. Purkinje fibres, A. V. node, A. V. valve, S. A. node. (A.V. Values)
5. Mitral valve, Tricuspid valve, Semilunar valve, Venous valve. (Venous Value)
6. Systolic pressure, Diastolic pressure, Stethoscope, Sphygmomanometer. (Stethescope)

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The function of WBC is:
(a) To distribute heat (b) To protect enzymes
(c) To cause blood clotting (d) To destroy bacteria

3. The chief function of lymph nodes in mammaJs is to:
(a) Produce WBC’s (b) Produce hormones
(c) Destroy old RBC’s (d) Destroy pathogens

2. Agranulocytes are:
(a) Lymphocytes, monocytes (b) Lymphocytes, basophils
(c) Eosinophils, basophils (d) Eosinophils, monocytes

4 What will happen if the spleen of a man is removed?
(a) W.B.C. production will be lowered
(b) Removal of dead RBC will not take place
(c) Antibody production will be decreased
(d) R.B.C. production will be stopped

5. Which protein is used in preventing dotting of blood?
(a) Albumin (b) Heparin
(c) Fibrinogeri (d) Globulin

6. The beating of the heart of man is hearl on the left side, because:
(a) The left ventride is towards the left side
(b) Both the ventricles are towards the left side
(c) Contraction of heart is powerful on left side.
(d) The dorsal aorta is on the left side

7. Arteries are:
(a) Thin walled and blood flows under diminished pressure
(b) Thick walled and blood flows under high pressure
(c) Thin walled and blood flows under low pressure
(d) Thick walled and blood flows under diminished pressure

8. What is blood pressure?
(a) The pressure of blood on the heart muscles
(b) The pressure of blood exerted on the walls of arteries and veins
(c) The pressure of blood on the walls of veins only
(d) The pressure of blood on the walls of arteries only

9. Erythroblastosis foetalis can occur when:
(a) Man Rh^+ve and woman Rh^+ve (b) Man Rh^+ve and woman Rh^+ve
(c) Man Rh^+veand woman Rh^+ve (d) Man Rh^+ve and woman Rh^+ve

10. Blood pressure is measured by:
(a) Electrocardiogram (ECG) (b) Stethoscope
(c) Sphygmomanometer (d) Pulse rate

Match the Column

Column ‘II’ is a list of items related to ideas in Column ‘I’. Match the term in Column ‘II’ with the suitable idea given in Column ‘I’.

Column I	Column II
(i) Superior vena cava	(a) Collect deoxygenated blood from the wall of the heart.
(ii) Inferior vena cava	(b) Carry oxygenated blood to heart muscle.
(iii) Pulmonary vein	(c) Collects deoxygenated blood from upper part.
(iv) Coronary veins	(d) Collects deoxygenated blood from lower parts.
(v) Coronary artery	(e) Brings oxygenated blood from lungs.
(vi) Aorta	(f) Large artery
(vii) Heart attack	(g) Large vein
(viii) Blood Pressure	(h) Oxygenated blood
(ix) Tricuspid valve	(i) Sphygmomanometer
(x) Bicuspid valve	(j) Allows blood flow from right auricle to right ventricle.
(xi) Contraction and relaxation of heart	(k) Blocking of coronary arteries.
	(l) Cardiac muscle.
	(m) Allows blood flow from left auricle to left ventricle.
	(n) Allows blood flow from right ventricle of pulmonary aorta.

Answer: (i) (c) (ii) (d) (iii) (e) (iv) (a) (v) (b) (vi) (c) (vii) (c) (viii) (a) (ix) (b) (x) (e) (xi) (d)

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Minerals in India Class 10 ICSE Questions and Answers

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ICSE Class 10 Geography Minerals in India Questions and Answers

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Question 1: What do you understand by the term ‘mineral ore’?
Answer: Metallic minerals are extracted from the earth in raw state, it is known as ‘mineral ore’.

Question 2: What are the four main varieties of coal?
Answer: Anthracite, Bituminous Lignite and Peat.

Question 3: Give the main uses of any two of them.
Answer: (i) Anthracite: It is clean to handle and has a high heating value.
(ii) Lignite: Its by-products can furnish several materials for industries.

Question 4: Which state ranks first in Gondwana coal?
Answer: Important coal producing state is ‘Jharkhand’ and coal field is ‘Jharia’.

Question 5: Where does India stand in the production of coal?
Answer: India ranks fifth amongst the countries of the world.

Question 6: Why does India have to import oil?
Answer: India has to import oil to meet the ever increasing industrial and domestic demands.

Question 7: What are the uses of petroleum?
Answer: It is. used as a source of power and fuel for automobiles, aeroplanes, ships and locomotives.

Question 8: Where are oil deposits largely found in India?
Answer: In the off-shore sea near Mumbai.

Question 9: What is the position of India in the list of iron-ore producing countries in the world?
Answer: India gains the 9th position in the list of iron-ore producing countries in the world.

Question 10: Which state is the largest producer of mineral oil?
Answer: Assam is the main oil producing state.

Question 11: Which is the best quality iron ore?
Answer: The different types of iron ore found in India are: (i) Haematite, (ii) Magnetite, (iii) Limonite, Magnetite is the best quality iron ore.

Question 12: How is the low grade iron ore utilized?
Answer: The inferior Variety is often used in manufacturing sponge iron and converted into pellets and than exported.

Question 13: Which state is the leading producer of the following minerals?
(i) Coal (ii) Oil (iii) Manganese.
Answer: (i) Coal: Jharkhand (ii) Oil: Maharashtra.
(iii) Manganese: Orissa (Odisha).

Question 14: How has bauxite found its place in the aircraft industry?
Answer: Because Aluminium which is processed from it is light and resists rust.

Question 15: Name any two industrial products for which limestone is used as a source of raw material.
Answer: Two industrial products for which lime stone is used are:
(i) Iron and Steel Industry
(ii) Cement Industry.

Question 16: Give two uses of bauxite besides manufacture of aluminium .
Answer: (i) Used in place of iron sheets where durability is not required,
(ii) In tanning leather and refining mineral oil.

Question 17: Give two uses of limestone.
Answer: (i) Used in the manufacture of cement and chemicals.
(ii) As a fluxing material iron and steel industry.

Short Questions

Question 1: Which varieties of coal is used for domestic purposes and why?
Answer: Bituminous Coal: This coal is most popular because it has 70% to 80% Carbon content and accounts for 98% of the total reserves.

Question 2: Classify the coal fields in India. Name state for each classification.
Answer: (i) Anthracite Coal : Jammu Kashmir
(ii) Bituminous Coal : Orissa
(hi) Lignite : Tamil Nadu
(iv) Peat : Madhya Pradesh

Question 3: What is lignite? Name the two areas where lignite is found in India.
Answer: Lignite refers to inferior variety coal which contains about 40% of carbon and a good amount of moisture and less of combustible matter.
Two states where lignite is found are Tamil Nadu and Gujarat.

Question 4: Why petroleum is called mineral oil? Write its two uses.
Answer: Petroleum is oil obtained from sedimentary rocks of the earth. So it is called mineral oil uses—(i) as a fuel (ii) as a raw material for various petro-chemical products.

Question 5: Mention two uses of mineral oil.
Answer: Two Uses of Mineral Oil:
(a) Mineral oil is used in Transport sector it uses 50% of the total production.
(b) Agriculture sector uses Diesel and Kerosene.

Question 6: Name an old and a new mineral oil producing area.
Answer: Old mineral oil producing area is of Eastern Region of Himalayas in Assam. Digboi oil field, New mineral oil producing area in Tripura, Punjab, Nagaland etc.

Question 7: Mention two products of an oil refinery. Name two oil refineries in India, one along the coast and one away from the coast.
Answer: Products of an oil refinery:
(i) Lubricants (ii) Kerosene
Oil refineries along the coast—Vishakhapatnam Oil refineries away from the coast—Bangigon.

Question 8: What is ‘off-shore drilling’? What do you mean by ‘Mumbai High’?
Answer: The Oil and Natural Gas Commission of India since 1956, has started oil exploration in the off-shore areas which is known as off-shore drilling.
In 1973, it has begun drilling for oil in the deep waters off the western coast of Mumbai which is known as Mumbai High.

Question 9: What type of Iron Ore is mined in India? Name the two largest producing states of Iron-ore.
Answer: Superior quality of iron-ore called Haematite is mined in large quantity. The main producing states are Jharkhand and Orissa.

Question 10: What is manganese used for?
Answer: Manganese is a key metal used in manufacturing special types of steel. It is also used in several chemical and electrical industries, glass, ceramics.

Question 11: Give four economic uses of mineral resources.
Answer: Mineral resources are useful in four ways:
(i) They form the basis for industries.
(ii) Means of communication depend upon them.
(iii) They are the source of energy, e.g., coal and petroleum.
(iv) Earn foreign exchange by exports.

Long Questions

Question 1: State the most important coal fields of India.
Answer: Andhra Pradesh — Singareni
Madhya Pradesh — Korba Singrauli and Kanhan Valley
Orissa — Talcher, Dhenkanal and Sambalpur
Maharashtra — Mohapani and the Wardha Valley
Tamil Nadu — Neyveli
West Bengal — Raniganj: Purulia, Bankura and Burdwam.
Bihar — Harzaribagh Distt: Jharia, Bokaro, Karanpura and Giridih.

Question 2: State two main drawbacks of the Coal found in India.
Answer: The main drawbacks of coal found in India are:
(i) All major coal fields are confined to Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and West-Bengal causing heavy transport cost to distribute coal across long distances in the country.
(ii) Indian coal has high ash content and low calorific value. This reduces the energy output of coal and complicates the problem of ash disposal.
(iii) It is not of very good quality.
(iv) It is concentrated in the region of Chhota Nagpur Platetau.

Question 3: Name some important iron-ore producing centres in India.
Answer: Some important iron-ore producing centres in India are:
(i) Bastar, Balaghat, Durg and Rajhara districts in Madhya Pradesh.
(ii) Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar and Bonai in Orissa.
(iii) Singhbhum in Jharkhand.
(iv) Bellary, Hospet, Sandhar, Bababudan Hills and Kudremukh in Karnataka.
(v) Tiruchchirappalli and Salem in Tamil Nadu.
(vi) Sanguelim, Sanguem, Satari, Ponda and Bicholim in Goa.
(vii) Chandrapur and Ratnagiri in Maharashtra.
(viii) Warangal and Kurnool in Andhra Pradesh.
(ix) Kozikode in Kerala.

Give Reasons

Give Geographical Reasons for the following:

Question 1: Mention two reasons why minerals are important?
Answer: Minerals are important because availability of it effects the development of a country. Agriculture is also effected by the availability of minerals in the form of fertilisers.

Question 2: The location of coal fields is an important factor in industrial development.
Answer: Coal is a bulky and heavy raw material. Industries located away from coalfields incur huge transport costs and it thus affects the cost of production on a large scale.

Question 3: Anthracite is used for domestic purposes.
Answer: Anthracite is used for domestic purposes as it has very high carbon content and emits very less smoke.

Question 4: Oil refineries are located close to oil fields or near ports.
Answer: Oil refineries located near the oil fields helps to transport crude oil through pipelines and hence reducing the transport cost. Moreover if located near the port it helps to import the oil and its export by products.

Question 5: Why are many refineries located near the sea ports:
Answer: Many refineries are located near the sea ports as to minimise the cost of transport and to avoid the risk of transporting it inside the country due to its inflammable nature.

Question 6: Why is bauxite considered an important mineral?
Answer: Bauxite is used in manufacture of aluminium which being light in nature finds its use in aircraft.

Differentiate

Question 1: State the difference between metallic minerals and non-metallic minerals.
Answer: Metallic minerals are hard, heavy and lusturous. Whereas Non-metallic minerals lack in these qualities.

Name the Following

Question 1: Name the groups into which minerals can be classified.
Answer: Minerals can be categorized into two groups: Metallic minerals and Non-metallic minerals.

Question 2: Name some metallic minerals.
Answer: The important metallic minerals are iron, copper, tin, zinc, lead, silver and gold.

Question 3: Name some non-metallic minerals.
Answer: Some non-metallic minerals are sulphur, phosphorus, carbonate, etc.

Question 4: Name some Energy Minerals.
Answer: Coal and Petroleum.

Question 5: Which country ranks first in South Asia with regard to easy availability of minerals?
Answer: India.

Question 6: Name the states rich in mineral resources.
Answer: Indian states which are rich in mineral resources are: (i) Bihar, (ii) M.P., (iii) West Bengal, (iv) Gujarat, (v) Assam.

Question 7: Name the four types of coal. Which of these is the best for industrial purposes?
Answer: Anthracite, bituminous, lignite and peat.
Bituminous is the most important as it is used for smelting iron ore.

Question 8: Name an important coal producing State in India and a coal-mine located in that State.
Answer: Jharkhand, Jharia.

Question 9: Name three important states which form the tertiary coal distribution chain.
Answer: Assam, Jammu and Kashmir and Rajasthan.

Question 10: Name any two important petroleum drilling centres for each of these states:
(i) Gujarat (ii) Assam
Answer: (i) Ankaleshwar and Kalol (ii) Digboi and Moran.

Question 11: Name two oil refineries in the public sector one each in Assam and Gujarat.
Answer: Assam — Digboi.
Gujarat — Luny.

Question 12: Name two states in India where Iron-ore is found on a large scale.
Answer: Orissa and Jharkhand.

Question 13: Which is the biggest iron-ore producing state of India?
Answer: Orissa contributes about 33 percent of the total annual production of iron-ore.

Question 14: Name the important iron-ore producing centre of Maharashtra.
Answer: Ratnagiri district in Maharashtra has large deposits of iron-ore.

Question 15: State the SAARC country which-has the largest Iron Ore reserves. Mention two states in the country named by you, where the reserves are abundant.
Answer: India is the SAARC country which has largest Iron ore reserves.
Jharkhand and Orissa have iron-ore in abundance.

Question 16: Name two important Oil fields in India.
Answer: (i) Mumbai High (ii) Digboi.

Question 17: Name the following:
(i) Oldest oil field (ii) Off-shore oil field
(iii) Oldest coal mine (iv) Coal mine in Orissa.
(v) Iron ore mine in Karnataka
Answer: (i) Digboi (ii) Mumbai High
(iii) Rangang (iv) Talcher
(v) Bababudan Hills.

Question 18: Name the States producing Manganese
Answer: The ore is found in Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra (Ratnagiri, Bhandara and Nagpur Districts). Madhya Pradesh (Balaghat and Chhindwara Districts).

Question 19: Name one use of the mineral manganese.
Answer: It is widely used in electrical industries. In the smelting of iron ore and to convert it into steel.

Question 20: Name the mineral:Which is used in the manufacture of cement.
Answer: Limestone.

Question 21: The largest deposits of which are found in Balaghat in Madhya Pradesh.
Answer: Manganese.

Question 22: Name any two off-shore oil fields of India.
Answer: Off shore oil fields of India are:
(i) Mumbai high (ii) Aliabet in western India.

Question 23: Name the oldest and the largest coal field in India.
Answer: The oldest coal field in India is Raniganj coal field and the largest coal field in India is Jharia coal field.

Question 24: Name any two raw materials derived from coal.
Answer: Coal itself is a raw material for many industries but energy derived from it serves as a raw material for generating thermal electricity. It also provides fuel to supply heat or light or both.

Question 25: Name two industries that use a high quantity of coal.
Answer: Iron and Steel Industry, Sugar Industry.

Question 26: Name one important area that has large coal deposits in the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal.
Answer: Coal Centre in Jharkhand – Jharia, West Bengal – Raniganj.

Question 27: (i) Which state is the largest producer of mineral oil?
(ii) Name two coastal and two inland oil-refineries in India.
Answer: (i) Largest producer of mineral oil is Assam
(ii) Two coastal refineries are Kochi and Chennai
Two Inland refineries are Barauni and Mathura.

Question 28: Name two varieties of iron ore used in industry.
Answer: Haematite, Magnetite.

Question 29: Name one area in Orissa and one area in Chattisgarh where iron ore is mined.
Answer: Iron ore mined in Orissa: In Keonjhar.
Iron ore is mined in Chhattisgarh: In-Durg district.

Question 30: Name the mineral used in the manufacture of:
(i) Cement (ii) Aluminium (iii) Synthetics.
Answer: (i) Cement: Limestone (ii) Aluminium: Bauxite
(iii) Synthetics: Mineral Oil

Question 31: Name the metal obtained from Bauxite.
Answer: Aluminium.

Question 32: Name three states which are the largest producers of bauxite.
Answer: Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh which produce about 50% of India’s output.

Question 33: Name the three types of iron-ore?
Answer: These are: Haematites (Fe₂O₃), Magnetites (Fe₃O₄) and Limonites.

For More Resources

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Merchant Of Venice Act 2 Scene 8 Workbook Answers

noreply@blogger.com (MAY Creators) — Tue, 24 Sep 2024 06:20:00 +0000

Merchant Of Venice Act 2 Scene 8 Questions And Answers

ICSE Solutions Selina ICSE Solutions ML Aggarwal Solutions

English Maths Physics Chemistry Biology

Act 2 Scene 8 Merchant Of Venice Workbook Important Questions and Answers

Passage – 1 (Act II, Sc.VIII, Lines 12-16)

Paraphrase :

SALANIO : I never heard such confused anger, So strange, outrageous, and so changeable, The Jew barked like the dog in the streets.” My daughter! Oh, my dollars! Oh, my daughter! Fled with a Christian! Oh, my Christian dollars! Justice! The law! My dollars and my daughter! A sealed bag, two sealed bags of dollars, Of double dollars, stolen from me by my daughter! And jewels! Two stones, two rich and precious stones, Stolen by my daughter! Justice! Find the girl! She has the stones on her and the dollars.”

SALARINO : Why, all the boys in Venice followed him,Crying, his stones, his daughter, and his dollars.

SALANIO : Let good Antonio be careful about making his Payment on time, or he shall pay for this.

Word Meaning With Annotation

Passion: frenzy of anger. Outrageous : exessive. Variable : changing in mood. Keep his day : pay up on the day fixed.

Read the above passage and answer the following questions

Question 1.
What is your reaction to SALANIO’s account of Shylock’s lamentations the streets?
Answer:
SALANIO’s account of Shylock’s lamentations gives us the impression That Shylock has gone almost crazy on account of the losses he has suffered. His daughter has run away with a Christian, and she has also taken away a substantial portion of his money and his jewels. Shylock is feeling deeply grieved by his daughter’s conduct. He is unable to exercise self-control; and he gives way to his grief and bitterness publicly in the city streets. He does win some of our sympathy on this occasion but he also appears to be a comic figure by the way in which he cries: “My daughter! Fled with a Christian! 0 my Christian ducats!”

Question 2.
What does SALANIO mean by his last speech in this extract from the play?
Answer:
SALANIO means to say that Antonio should take care to repay the loan in time. If Antonio fails to repay the loan, he would have to pay a heavy penalty which, in terms of the bond, would be a pound of his flesh.

Question 3.
Does Antonio really “pay for this”? If so, how ; and if not, why not?
Answer:
Antonio comes very near to paying the penalty, but escapes from actually doing so. He comes very close to paying it because the judge has admitted the validity of the bond and has held that Shylock is entitled to cut off a pound of Antonio’s flesh. The judge has even asked Antonio to prepare his bosom for Shylock’s knife. However, Antonio escapes this sad fate because the same judge then declares that Shylock is entitled only to a pound of Antonio’s flesh and is not authorized to shed any blood in the process of cutting the flesh. No blood has been mentioned in the bond, says the judge. And so Antonio escapes an evil fate.

Question 4.
What is your opinion of the conduct of Shylock’s daughter as described here by Shylock?
Answer:
Shylock’s daughter, whose name is Jessica, has behaved in a most unfilial manner. She has brought disgrace and dishonour to her father by running away from home; and her conduct becomes all the more reprehensible because she has run away with a Christian man while she ” herself is Jewish. However, we have to take a lenient view of Jassica’s conduct because Shylock has been behaving like a very tyrannical father and because Jessica has been feeling a prisoner in her father’s house. Shylock has never shown any tenderness towards her; and she has been- feeling miserable with him Thus there is some justification for her running away from home,- though we are certainly not inclined to forgive her entirely.

Question 5.
Does Justice find the girl, as demanded by Shylock?
Answer:
No, justice is unable to find the girl. Actually Jessica and her lover Lorenzo have escaped from Venice into Genoa where the Venetian police could not have chased,them

Passage – 2 (Act II, Sc.VIII, Lines 12-26)

Paraphrase :

SALANIO ; I never heard such confused anger, So strange, outrageous, and so changeable, The Jew barked like the dog in the streets.” My daughter! Oh, my dollars! Oh, my daughter! Fled with a Christian! Oh, my Christian dollars! Justice! The law! My dollars and my daughter! A sealed bag, two sealed bags of dollars, Of double dollars, stolen from me by my daughter! And jewels! Two stones, two rich and precious stones, Stolen by my daughter! Justice! Find the girl! She has the stones on her and the ducats.”

SALARINO : Why, all the boys in Venice followed him, crying, his stones, his daughter, and his ducats.”

SALANIO : Let good Antonio be careful about making his payment on time, or he shall pay for this.

Word Meaning With Annotation

Double ducats : it seems that there were two kinds of ducats in circulation, one being double the value, of the other, keep his day : discharge his debt punctually on the agreed day.

Read the above passage and answer the following questions

Question 1.
What Is your reaction to SALANIO’s account of Shylock’s condition?
Answer:
From SALANIO’s description we learn that Shylock is shocked and has become mad on the account of the losses he has suffered. His daughter has run away with a Christian and has taken way a big portion of his money and jewels. Shylock is feeling deeply grieved by his daughter’s conduct. He is unable to exercise self-control and gives way to his grief and bitterness publicly in the streets.

Question 2.
What light does Shylock’s first speech throw on the character of Shylock?
Answer:
The above mentioned speech of SALANIO presents Shylock as a miser and greedy man. In his « , madness also he harps upon the idea of his lost wealth. He is hurt not so much by the loss of his daughter as by loss of his wealth.

Question 3.
What does SALANIO’s last speech in the extract mean?
Answer:
SALANIO means to say that Antonio should pay the loan taken by him in time. If he fails to repay the loan in time he would have to pay a heavy penalty which would be a pound of his flesh.

Question 4.
What opinion do you form of Shylock’s daughter as described here by Shylock?
Answer:
Shylock’s daughter Jessica has behaved in a most unfilial manner. She has brought disgrace and disrepute to her father by running away from her home. Her conduct becomes more reprehensible because she has run away with a big portion of Shylock’s wealth.

Question 5.
Does Justice find the girl as demanded by Shylock?
Answer:
No, justice is unable to find the girl. Actually Jessica and her lover Lorenzo have escaped from Venice.

Passage – 3 (Act II, Sc.VIII, Lines 35-50)

Paraphrase :

SALARIO : A kinder gentleman does not walk on the earth. I saw Bassanio and Antonio say goodbye: Bassanio told him he would hurry back. He answered ‘Don’t hurry back; Don’t be careless with business for my sake, Bassanio, But wait until your plans are realized; And for the Jew’s promise to pay which he has from me, Don’t let it enter your mind, thinking about love: Be happy, and use your main thoughts For courtship, and such beautiful shows of love That may agree with you there.” And even there,-his eyes being big with tears, Turning his face away, he put his hands behind him, And with affection that was amazingly easy to feel, He shook and shook Bassanio’s hand, and they parted like that.

Word Meaning With Annotation

Slubber : to perform any business in a hasty and slovenly manner. But stay the very riping of the time : as the farmer does not gather his crops too soon, but waits until they are quite ripe. Let it not enter in your mind of love : Let it not enter into your mind, which should be full of thoughts of love-making, ostents : evidence or displays of affection, big with tears : full of big tears.

Read the above passage and answer the following questions

Question 1.
Who is the kinder gentleman referred to?
Answer:
The kinder gentleman is Antonio.

Question 2.
What was the parting advice given to Bassanio?
Answer:
Antonio advised Bassanio not to come till the completion of his work. He also asked him not to bother about the bond. He should rather keep cheerful and keep busy in his love affairs.

Question 3.
What assurance was given by Bassanio to his friend?
Answer:
Bassanio assured Antonio that he would return as soon as possible.

Question 4.
How did Bassanio’s friend feel on parting from Bassanio?
Answer:
Bassanio’s friend felt very sad on parting from Bassanio. Tears welled (came) up in his eyes.

Question 5.
What idea does this passage give you about the friendship between Bassanio and his friend?
Answer:
They were very fast friends.

Passage – 4 (Act. II, Sc.VIII, Lines 35-55)

Paraphrase :

SALARINO : A kinder gentleman does not walk on the earth. I saw Bassanio and Antonio say goodbye: Bassanio told him he would hurry back. He answered ‘Don’t hurry back; Don’t be careless with business for my sake, Bassanio, But wait until your plans are realized; And for the Jew’s promise to pay which he has from me, Don’t let it enter your mind, thinking about love: Be happy, and use your main thoughts For courtship, and such beautiful shows of love That may agree with you there.” And even there, his eyes being big with tears, Turning his face away, he put his hands behind him, And with affection that was amazingly easy to feel, He shook and shook Bassanio’s hand, and they parted like that.

SALANIO : I think Antonio only loves the world for him. Please, let’s go and find out where he is, And help bum up his tangled depression With some delight or other;

SALARINO : Let’s do it.

Word Meaning With Annotation

slubber : to perform any business in a hasty and slovenly manner. But stay the very riping of the time : as the farmer does not gather his crops too soon, but waits until they are quite ripe. Let it not enter in your mind of love : Let it not enter into your mind, which should be full of thoughts of love-making, ostents : evidence or displays of affection, big with tears : full of big tears, quicken : cheer up.

Read the above passage and answer the following questions

Question 1.
What idea of Antonio’s character does this passage give you?
Answer:
Antonio is here depicted as a very kind-hearted man and as being very devoted to Bassanio. He is here shown to be more interested in Bassanio’s welfare and in Bassanio’s happiness than in his own safety. Antonio feels Bassanio’s separation from him to be something very painful to him.

Question 2.
Where is Bassanio going and why?
Answer:
Bassanio is going to Belmont in order to try to win Portia as his wife.

Question 3.
What is SALARINO’s and Salonio’s attitude towards Antonio as reflected in this passage?
Answer:
SALARINO and SALANIO are here shown to be great admirers of Antonio. SALARINO says that Antonio is the kindest gentleman living on the earth; and SALANIO says that Antonio’s feeling of friendship for Bassanio is very ardent and perfectly sincere. In SALANIO’s opinion, “Antonio loves the world only for Bassanio’s sake. Both SALANIO and SALARINO now decide to do something to relieve Antonio of the sadness which he is experiencing on account of Bassanio’s departure from Venice.

Question 4.
Give reasons for SALARINO’s view of Antonio’s kindness and for Antonio’s hatred and ill-treatment of Shylock?
Answer:
Antonio is certainly a kind-hearted man. He has been lending out money gratis; and he has even saved some debtors from the Jew’s forfeitures. But he had always held the Jew in contempt and has always ill-treated him. The fact is that Antonio is a fanatical Christian who hates the Jewish religion and who is, for that reason, intolerant of Shylock. But he hates Shylock even more for * another reason. Shylock is a usurer, a miser, and a hoarder of money who exploits needy persons wanting loans. Antonio strongly disapproves of Shylock’s practice of charging excessive rates of interest on the loans which Shylock gives to the needy persons, and thus exploiting the financial difficulties of those persons.

Question 5.
Give the meanings of the following words and phrases :

(a) the very riping of the time
(b) ostents of love
(c) his embraced heaviness

Answer:

(a) The very riping of the time-when one’s plans have matured; when the purpose has been achieved.
(b) Ostents of love-signs of love; tokens of love; shows of love; manifestations of love.
(c) His embraced heaviness-the sadness which he has accepted as his due. The word “heaviness” , in this context means sadness caused by a weight on the mind. In the present case it is Bassanio’s departure from Venice which has begun to weigh upon Antonio’s mind. The word “embraced” has been used to mean “accepted” or “received” or “acquired”.

Merchant of Venice Workbook Questions and Answers

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Triangles Class 9 ICSE ML Aggarwal

noreply@blogger.com (MAY Creators) — Thu, 12 Sep 2024 09:20:00 +0000

ML Aggarwal Class 9 Solutions Chapter 10 provides comprehensive guidance and step-by-step explanations for the concepts covered in this chapter Class 9 Mathematics. This chapter typically introduces fundamental mathematical concepts, laying the groundwork for future studies.

ML Aggarwal Class 9 Chapter 10 Solutions

ICSE Class 9 Maths Chapter 10 Solutions ML Aggarwal

Exercise 10.1

Question 1.
It is given that ∆ABC ≅ ∆RPQ. Is it true to say that BC = QR ? Why?
Solution:

Question 2.
“If two sides and an angle of one triangle are equal to two sides and an angle of another triangle, then the two triangles must be congruent.” Is the statement true? Why?
Solution:
No, it is not true statement as the angles should be included angle of there two given sides.

Question 3.
In the given figure, AB=AC and AP=AQ. Prove that
(i) ∆APC ≅ ∆AQB
(ii) CP = BQ
(iii) ∠APC = ∠AQB.
Solution:

Question 4.
In the given figure, AB = AC, P and Q are points on BA and CA respectively such that AP = AQ. Prove that
(i) ∆APC ≅ ∆AQB
(ii) CP = BQ
(iii) ∠ACP = ∠ABQ.
Solution:

Question 5.
In the given figure, AD = BC and BD = AC. Prove that :
∠ADB = ∠BCA and ∠DAB = ∠CBA.

Solution:

Question 6.
In the given figure, ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AD = BC and ∠DAB = ∠CBA. Prove that
(i) ∆ABD ≅ ∆BAC
(ii) BD = AC
(iii) ∠ABD = ∠BAC.
Solution:

Question 7.
In the given figure, AB = DC and AB || DC. Prove that AD = BC.
Solution:

Question 8.
In the given figure. AC = AE, AB = AD and ∠BAD = ∠CAE. Show that BC = DE.

Solution:

Question 9.
In the adjoining figure, AB = CD, CE = BF and ∠ACE = ∠DBF. Prove that
(i) ∆ACE ≅ ∆DBF
(ii) AE = DF.
Solution:

Question 10.
In the given figure, AB = AC and D is mid-point of BC. Use SSS rule of congruency to show that
(i) ∆ABD ≅ ∆ACD
(ii) AD is bisector of ∠A
(iii) AD is perpendicular to BC.
Solution:

Question 11.
Two line segments AB and CD bisect each other at O. Prove that :
(i) AC = BD
(ii) ∠CAB = ∠ABD
(iii) AD || CB
(iv) AD = CB.

Solution:

Question 12.
In each of the following diagrams, find the values of x and y.

Solution:

Exercise 10.2

Question 1.
In triangles ABC and PQR, ∠A= ∠Q and ∠B = ∠R. Which side of APQR should be equal to side AB of AABC so that the two triangles are congruent? Give reason for your answer.
Solution:

Question 2.
In triangles ABC and PQR, ∠A = ∠Q and ∠B = ∠R. Which side of APQR should be equal to side BC of AABC so that the two triangles are congruent? Give reason for your answer.
Solution:

Question 3.
“If two angles and a side of one triangle are equal to two angles and a side of another triangle, then the two triangles must be congruent”. Is the statement true? Why?
Solution:
The given statement can be true only if the corresponding (included) sides are equal otherwise not.

Question 4.
In the given figure, AD is median of ∆ABC, BM and CN are perpendiculars drawn from B and C respectively on AD and AD produced. Prove that BM = CN.
Solution:

Question 5.
In the given figure, BM and DN are perpendiculars to the line segment AC. If BM = DN, prove that AC bisects BD.

Solution:

Question 6.
In the given figure, l and m are two parallel lines intersected by another pair of parallel lines p and q. Show that ∆ABC ≅ ∆CDA.

Solution:

Question 7.
In the given figure, two lines AB and CD intersect each other at the point O such that BC || DA and BC = DA. Show that O is the mid-point of both the line segments AB and CD.
Solution:

Question 8.
In the given figure, ∠BCD = ∠ADC and ∠BCA = ∠ADB. Show that
(i) ∆ACD ≅ ∆BDC
(ii) BC = AD
(iii) ∠A = ∠B.
Solution:

Question 9.
In the given figure, ∠ABC = ∠ACB, D and E are points on the sides AC and AB respectively such that BE = CD. Prove that
(i) ∆EBC ≅ ∆DCB
(ii) ∆OEB ≅ ∆ODC
(iii) OB = OC.
Solution:

Question 10.
ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB=AC. Draw AP ⊥ BC to show that ∠B = ∠C.
Solution:

Question 11.
In the given figure, BA ⊥ AC, DE⊥ DF such that BA = DE and BF = EC.
Solution:

Question 12.
ABCD is a rectanige. X and Y are points on sides AD and BC respectively such that AY = BX. Prove that BY = AX and ∠BAY = ∠ABX.
Solution:

Question 13.
(a) In the figure (1) given below, QX, RX are bisectors of angles PQR and PRQ respectively of A PQR. If XS⊥ QR and XT ⊥ PQ, prove that
(i) ∆XTQ ≅ ∆XSQ
(ii) PX bisects the angle P.
(b) In the figure (2) given below, AB || DC and ∠C = ∠D. Prove that
(i) AD = BC
(ii) AC = BD.
(c) In the figure (3) given below, BA || DF and CA II EG and BD = EC . Prove that, .
(i) BG = DF
(ii) EG = CF.

Solution:

Question 14.
In each of the following diagrams, find the values of x and y.

Solution:

Exercise 10.3

Question 1.
ABC is a right angled triangle in which ∠A = 90° and AB = AC. Find ∠B and ∠C.
Solution:

Question 2.
Show that the angles of an equilateral triangle are 60° each.
Solution:

Question 3.
Show that every equiangular triangle is equilateral.
Solution:

Question 4.
In the following diagrams, find the value of x:

Solution:

Question 5.
In the following diagrams, find the value of x:

Solution:

Question 6.
(a) In the figure (1) given below, AB = AD, BC = DC. Find ∠ ABC.
(b)In the figure (2) given below, BC = CD. Find ∠ACB.
(c) In the figure (3) given below, AB || CD and CA = CE. If ∠ACE = 74° and ∠BAE =15°, find the values of x and y.
Solution:

Question 7.
In ∆ABC, AB = AC, ∠A = (5x + 20)° and each of the base angle is \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\) th of ∠A. Find the measure of ∠A.
Solution:

Question 8.
(a) In the figure (1) given below, ABC is an equilateral triangle. Base BC is produced to E, such that BC’= CE. Calculate ∠ACE and ∠AEC.
(b) In the figure (2) given below, prove that ∠ BAD : ∠ ADB = 3 : 1.
(c) In the figure (3) given below, AB || CD. Find the values of x, y and ∠.

Solution:

Question 9.
In the given figure, D is mid-point of BC, DE and DF are perpendiculars to AB and AC respectively such that DE = DF. Prove that ABC is an isosceles triangle.

Solution:

Question 10.
In the given figure, AD, BE and CF arc altitudes of ∆ABC. If AD = BE = CF, prove that ABC is an equilateral triangle.
Solution:

Question 11.
In a triangle ABC, AB = AC, D and E are points on the sides AB and AC respectively such that BD = CE. Show that:
(i) ∆DBC ≅ ∆ECB
(ii) ∠DCB = ∠EBC
(iii) OB = OC,where O is the point of intersection of BE and CD.
Solution:

Question 12.
ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC. P is any point in the interior of ∆ABC such that ∠ABP = ∠ACP. Prove that
(a) BP = CP
(b) AP bisects ∠BAC.
Solution:

Question 13.
In the adjoining figure, D and E are points on the side BC of ∆ABC such that BD = EC and AD = AE. Show that ∆ABD ≅ ∆ACE.
Solution:

Question 14.
(a) In the figure (i) given below, CDE is an equilateral triangle formed on a side CD of a square ABCD. Show that ∆ADE ≅ ∆BCE and hence, AEB is an isosceles triangle.

(b) In the figure (ii) given below, O is a point in the interior of a square ABCD such that OAB is an equilateral trianlge. Show that OCD is an isosceles triangle.

Question 15.
In the given figure, ABC is a right triangle with AB = AC. Bisector of ∠A meets BC at D. Prove that BC = 2AD.
Solution:

Exercise 10.4

Question 1.
In ∆PQR, ∠P = 70° and ∠R = 30°. Which side of this triangle is longest? Give reason for your answer.
Solution:

Question 2.
Show that in a right angled triangle, the hypotenuse is the longest side.
Solution:

Question 3.
PQR is a right angle triangle at Q and PQ : QR = 3:2. Which is the least angle.
Solution:

Question 4.
In ∆ ABC, AB = 8 cm, BC = 5.6 cm and CA = 6.5 cm. Which is (i) the greatest angle ?
(ii) the smallest angle ?
Solution:

Question 5.
In ∆ABC, ∠A = 50°, ∠B= 60°, Arrange the sides of the triangle in ascending order.
Solution:

Question 6.
In figure given alongside, ∠B = 30°, ∠C = 40° and the bisector of ∠A meets BC at D. Show
(i) BD > AD
(ii) DC > AD
(iii) AC > DC
(iv) AB > BD

Solution:

Question 7.
(a) In the figure (1) given below, AD bisects ∠A. Arrange AB, BD and DC in the descending order of their lengths.
(b) In the figure (2) given below, ∠ ABD = 65°, ∠DAC = 22° and AD = BD. Calculate ∠ ACD and state (giving reasons) which is greater : BD or DC ?

Solution:

Question 8.
(a) In the figure (1) given below, prove that (i) CF> AF (ii) DC>DF.
(b) In the figure (2) given below, AB = AC.
Prove that AB > CD.
(c) In the figure (3) given below, AC = CD. Prove that BC < CD.

Solution:

Question 9.
(a) In the figure (i) given below, ∠B < ∠A and ∠C < ∠D. Show that AD < BC. (b) In the figure (ii) given below, D is any point on the side BC of ∆ABC. If AB > AC, show that AB > AD.
Solution:

Question 10.
(i) Is it possible to construct a triangle with lengths of its sides as 4 cm, 3 cm and 7 cm? Give reason for your answer,
(ii) Is it possible to construct a triangle with lengths of its sides as 9 cm, 7 cm and 17 cm? Give reason for your answer.
(iii) Is it possible to construct a triangle with lengths of its sides as 8 cm, 7 cm and 4 cm? Give reason for your answer.
Solution:
(i) Length of sides of a triangle are 4 cm, 3 cm and 7 cm
We know that sum of any two sides of a triangle is greatar than its third side But 4 + 3 = 7 cm
Which is not possible
Hence to construction of a triangle with sides 4 cm, 3 cm and 7 cm is not possible.
(ii) Length of sides of a triangle are 9 cm, 7 cm and 17 cm
We know that sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than its third side Now 9 + 7 = 16 < 17 ∴ It is not possible to construct a triangle with these sides.
(iii) Length of sides of a triangle are 8 cm, 7 cm and 4 cm We know that sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than its third side Now 7 + 4 = 11 > 8
Yes, It is possible to construct a triangle with these sides.

Multiple Choice Questions

Choose the correct answer from the given four options (1 to 18):
Question 1.
Which of the following is not a criterion for congruency of triangles?
(a) SAS
(b) ASA
(c) SSA
(d) SSS
Solution:
Criteria of congruency of two triangles ‘SSA’ is not the criterion. (c)

Question 2.
In the adjoining figure, AB = FC, EF=BD and ∠AFE = ∠CBD. Then the rule by which ∆AFE = ∆CBD is
(a) SAS
(b) ASA
(c) SSS
(d) AAS

Solution:

Question 3.
In the adjoining figure, AB ⊥ BE and FE ⊥ BE. If AB = FE and BC = DE, then
(a) ∆ABD ≅ ∆EFC
(b) ∆ABD ≅ ∆FEC
(c) ∆ABD ≅ ∆ECF
(d) ∆ABD ≅ ∆CEF
Solution:
In the figure given,

Question 4.
In the adjoining figure, AB=AC and AD is median of ∆ABC, then AADC is equal to
(a) 60°
(b) 120°
(c) 90°
(d) 75°
Solution:

Question 5.
In the adjoining figure, O is mid point of AB. If ∠ACO = ∠BDO, then ∠OAC is equal to
(a) ∠OCA
(b) ∠ODB
(c) ∠OBD
(d) ∠BOD
Solution:

Question 6.
In the adjoining figure, AC = BD. If ∠CAB = ∠DBA, then ∠ACB is equal to
(a) ∠BAD
(b) ∠ABC
(c) ∠ABD
(d) ∠BDA

Solution:

Question 7.
In the adjoining figure, ABCD is a quadrilateral in which BN and DM are drawn perpendiculars to AC such that BN = DM. If OB = 4 cm, then BD is
(a) 6 cm
(b) 8 cm
(c) 10 cm
(d) 12 cm
Solution:

Question 8.
In ∆ABC, AB = AC and ∠B = 50°. Then ∠C is equal to
(a) 40°
(b) 50°
(c) 80°
(d) 130°
Solution:

Question 9.
In ∆ABC, BC = AB and ∠B = 80°. Then ∠A is equal to
(a) 80°
(b) 40°
(c) 50°
(d) 100°
Solution:

Question 10.
In ∆PQR, ∠R = ∠P, QR = 4 cm and PR = 5 cm. Then the length of PQ is
(a) 4 cm
(b) 5 cm
(c) 2 cm
(d) 2.5 cm
Solution:

Question 11.
In ∆ABC and APQR, AB = AC, ∠C = ∠P and ∠B = ∠Q. The two triangles are
(a) isosceles but not congruent
(b) isosceles and congruent
(c) congruent but isosceles
(d) neither congruent nor isosceles
Solution:

Question 12.
Two sides of a triangle are of lenghts 5 cm and 1.5 cm. The length of the third side of the triangle can not be
(a) 3.6 cm
(b) 4.1 cm
(c) 3.8 cm
(d) 3.4 cm
Solution:

Question 13.
If a, b, c are the lengths of the sides of a trianlge, then
(a) a – b > c
(b) c > a + b
(c) c = a + b
(d) c < A + B
Solution:
a, b, c are the lengths of the sides of a trianlge than a + b> c or c < a + b
(Sum of any two sides is greater than its third side) (d)

Question 14.
It is not possible to construct a triangle when the lengths of its sides are
(a) 6 cm, 7 cm, 8 cm
(b) 4 cm, 6 cm, 6 cm
(c) 5.3 cm, 2.2 cm, 3.1 cm
(d) 9.3 cm, 5.2 cm, 7.4 cm
Solution:
We know that sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than its third side 2.2 + 3.1 = 5.3 ⇒ 5.3 = 5.3 is not possible (c)

Question 15.
In ∆PQR, if ∠R> ∠Q, then
(a) QR > PR
(b) PQ > PR
(c) PQ < PR
(d) QR < PR
Solution:
In ∆PQR, ∠R> ∠Q
∴ PQ > PR (b)

Question 16.
If triangle PQR is right angled at Q, then
(a) PR = PQ
(b) PR < PQ
(c) PR < QR
(d) PR > PQ
Solution:

Question 17.
If triangle ABC is obtuse angled and ∠C is obtuse, then
(a) AB > BC
(b) AB = BC
(c) AB < BC
(d) AC > AB
Solution:

Question P.Q.
A triangle can be constructed when the lengths of its three sides are
(a) 7 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm
(b) 3.6 cm, 11.5 cm, 6.9 cm
(c) 5.2 cm, 7.6 cm, 4.7 cm
(d) 33 mm, 8.5 cm, 49 mm
Solution:
We know that in a triangle, if sum of any two sides is greater than its third side, it is possible to construct it 5.2 cm, 7.6 cm, 4.7 cm is only possible. (c)

Question P.Q.
A unique triangle cannot be constructed if its
(a) three angles are given
(b) two angles and one side is given
(c) three sides are given
(d) two sides and the included angle is given
Solution:
A unique triangle cannot be constructed if its three angle are given, (a)

Question 18.
If the lengths of two sides of an isosceles are 4 cm and 10 cm, then the length of the third side is
(a) 4 cm
(b) 10 cm
(c) 7 cm
(d) 14 cm
Solution:
Lengths of two sides of an isosceles triangle are 4 cm and 10 cm, then length of the third side is 10 cm
(Sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than its third side and 4 cm is not possible as 4 + 4 > 10 cm.

Chapter Test

Question 1.
In triangles ABC and DEF, ∠A = ∠D, ∠B = ∠E and AB = EF. Will the two triangles be congruent? Give reasons for your answer.
Solution:

Question 2.
In the given figure, ABCD is a square. P, Q and R are points on the sides AB, BC and CD respectively such that AP= BQ = CR and ∠PQR = 90°. Prove that
(a) ∆PBQ ≅ ∆QCR
(b) PQ = QR
(c) ∠PRQ = 45°

Solution:

Question 3.
In the given figure, AD = BC and BD = AC. Prove that ∠ADB = ∠BCA.
Solution:

Question 4.
In the given figure, OA ⊥ OD, OC X OB, OD = OA and OB = OC. Prove that AB = CD.

Solution:

Question 5.
In the given figure, PQ || BA and RS CA. If BP = RC, prove that:
(i) ∆BSR ≅ ∆PQC
(ii) BS = PQ
(iii) RS = CQ.

Solution:

Question 6.
In the given figure, AB = AC, D is a point in the interior of ∆ABC such that ∠DBC = ∠DCB. Prove that AD bisects ∠BAC of ∆ABC.
Solution:

Question 7.
In the adjoining figure, AB || DC. CE and DE bisects ∠BCD and ∠ADC respectively. Prove that AB = AD + BC.
Solution:

Question 8.
In ∆ABC, D is a point on BC such that AD is the bisector of ∠BAC. CE is drawn parallel to DA to meet BD produced at E. Prove that ∆CAE is isosceles
Solution:

Question 9.
In the figure (ii) given below, ABC is a right angled triangle at B, ADEC and BCFG are squares. Prove that AF = BE.

Solution:

Question 10.
In the given figure, BD = AD = AC. If ∠ABD = 36°, find the value of x .

Solution:

Question 11.
In the adjoining figure, TR = TS, ∠1 = 2∠2 and ∠4 = 2∠3. Prove that RB = SA.

Solution:
Given: In the figure , RST is a triangle

Question 12.
(a) In the figure (1) given below, find the value of x.
(b) In the figure (2) given below, AB = AC and DE || BC. Calculate
(i)x
(ii) y
(iii) ∠BAC
(c) In the figure (1) given below, calculate the size of each lettered angle.

Solution:

Question 13.
(a) In the figure (1) given below, AD = BD = DC and ∠ACD = 35°. Show that
(i) AC > DC (ii) AB > AD.
(b) In the figure (2) given below, prove that
(i) x + y = 90° (ii) z = 90° (iii) AB = BC

Solution:

Question 14.
In the given figure, ABC and DBC are two isosceles triangles on the same base BC and vertices A and D are on the same side of BC. If AD is extended to intersect BC at P, show that
(i) ∆ABD ≅ ∆ACD
(ii) ∆ABP ≅ ∆ACP
(iii) AP bisects ∠A as well as ∠D
(iv) AP is the perpendicular bisector of BC.
Solution:

Question 15.
In the given figure, AP ⊥ l and PR > PQ. Show that AR > AQ.
Solution:

Question 16.
If O is any point in the interior of a triangle ABC, show that
OA + OB + OC > \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)
(AB + BC + CA).

Solution:

Question P.Q.
Construct a triangle ABC given that base BC = 5.5 cm, ∠ B = 75° and height = 4.2 cm.
Solution:

Question P.Q.
Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 6.5 cm, ∠ B = 75° and ∠ A = 45°. Also construct median of A ABC passing through B.
Solution:

Question P.Q.
Construct triangle ABC given that AB – AC = 2.4 cm, BC = 6.5 cm. and ∠ B = 45°.
Solution:

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Rational and Irrational Numbers Class 9 ICSE ML Aggarwal

noreply@blogger.com (MAY Creators) — Thu, 12 Sep 2024 07:20:00 +0000

ML Aggarwal Class 9 Solutions Chapter 1 provides comprehensive guidance and step-by-step explanations for the concepts covered in the first chapter of the NCERT textbook for Class 9 Mathematics. This chapter typically introduces fundamental mathematical concepts, laying the groundwork for future studies.

ML Aggarwal Class 9 Chapter 1 Solutions

ICSE Class 9 Maths Chapter 1 Solutions ML Aggarwal

ML Aggarwal ICSE Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1 Rational and Irrational Numbers

ML Aggarwal Solutions ICSE Solutions Selina ICSE Solutions

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Health And Fitness Paragraph 100, 150, 200, 250 to 300 Words for Kids, Students, and Children

noreply@blogger.com (MAY Creators) — Wed, 11 Sep 2024 09:20:00 +0000

Health And Fitness Paragraph: Health has been defined by WHO as the state of total wellbeing, of both the body and the mind. It is essential to understand that a perfect state of health is defined by many parameters. Some of which are physical, while others prefer a person’s emotional state.

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Health and Fitness Paragraph For 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 And 12 Students

Paragraph on Health and Fitness – 100 Words for Classes 1, 2, 3 Kids

Our health is our most valuable wealth. A healthy person is someone free from diseases and can perform physical activities without getting tired. A person’s physical fitness measures health and fitness. It can be achieved through proper nutrition and careful eating habits. Nutrition plays a vital role because we are what we eat. Health cannot be ignored because our body needs to be healthy to function correctly. Eating fruits and vegetables boosts one’s health. While eating junk food hurts our health. Regular exercises can help us to build a healthy and fit body that would be resistant to diseases.

Paragraph on Health and Fitness – 150 Words for Classes 4, 5 Children

A healthy body and mind are essential to achieve complete wellbeing. If we are healthy, we can resist our bodies from being attacked by germs. Our bodies are really sensitive and therefore, must be handled with necessary precautions. We can develop healthy habits like eating and sleeping on time to boost our overall health. This helps in becoming a healthier version of ourselves. Holistic growth can be achieved if we focus on all the aspects of our health. Such as nutrition, wellness, spirituality, and mental health. There are plenty of exercises that will boost our physical health and help us to become stronger. A stronger body would lead to less fatigue while performing any activity. It is advised that we must exercise for at least 2 hours every day for better health. We can even join fitness classes to take professional help and practice the art of health and wellness in a better way.

Paragraph on Health and Fitness – 200 Words for Classes 6, 7, 8 Students

Earlier it was believed that a healthy person is physically fit. This perception has changed, and now people believe that a healthy person is mentally and physically fit. Mental health and physical health can be inter-related in some cases. A relaxed mind can be achieved by meditating, and meditation, in turn, has a positive impact on physical health. It should be noted that physical health is not measured by the shape or size of a person. Even a thin person can be healthier than someone fatter.

The metabolism of the body is largely responsible for our health and fitness. A better metabolism would mean faster absorption of nutrients into our bodies. While a slower metabolism would mean a slower absorption of food. A higher metabolism rate can be achieved by keeping the body healthy. This is possible when we start taking care of our nutrition. Healthy nutrition is not only rich in vegetables and fruits, but it is balanced and has a moderate amount of everything in a balanced proportion. The key to a healthy body starts with the art of balancing our intake and being aware of what harms us and what is good for us.

Paragraph on Health and Fitness – 250 to 300 Words for Classes 9, 10, 11, 12 And Competitive Exams Students

Health can be defined as a holistic way of the growth of the human body and mind. A healthy person’s body is in complete harmony with his mind. We can practice the art of health and wellness by keeping in mind that our bodies are made from living tissues. Those tissues require nutrition to grow, and the food we eat is directly responsible for the nutrients that reach our tissues. Keeping that in mind, we must understand the importance of a balanced meal.

A meal is balanced when it has all the components like carbohydrates, starch, fat, protein, and vitamins in an equal proportion. If the balance is disturbed, we can eat a lot of the same type of food. Even if something is good for our health, eating too much can have a negative impact. For example, even if vitamins are beneficial to our health, eating a lot of vitamins can convert the excess quantity into toxic substances. The perfect sign of a healthy human body is resistant to diseases.

A healthy person can effectively fight off disease-causing germs. Immunity is provided by the WBC cells in our blood. These cells determine how strong a person’s immunity is. Immunity can be improved by eating foods rich in antioxidants like melons, citrus, guava, and strawberries.

FAQ’s on Paragraph on Health and Fitness

Question 1.
What is health?

Answer:
Health can be defined as a state of complete wellbeing of the body and the mind.

Question 2.
How can a person be termed as healthy?

Answer:
A healthy person is someone who can resist disease-causing germs and doesn’t get fatigued easily.

Question 3.
How can we stay healthy?

Answer:
We can stay healthy by practicing exercises and doing yoga regularly. A healthy mind can be achieved by meditating regularly.

Question 4.
Is mental health important?

Answer:
Yes, mental health is significant as our brains are responsible for all our organs’ functioning. Therefore, it is very important to keep our minds healthy.

The post Health And Fitness Paragraph 100, 150, 200, 250 to 300 Words for Kids, Students, and Children appeared first on A Plus Topper.

Water Paragraph 100, 150, 200, 250 to 300 Words for Kids, Students, and Children

noreply@blogger.com (MAY Creators) — Wed, 11 Sep 2024 07:20:00 +0000

Water Paragraph: Water is the only molecule because of which life is possible on Earth. In outer space, the conditions are so hostile that Water cannot be found in its natural form- liquid. This liquid Water has been giving us sustenance throughout billions of years.

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Water Paragraph For 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 And 12 Students

Paragraph on Water- 100 words for class 1, 2, 3

Water is the basic need of every life form on Earth. It is Water that helps us to lead a comfortable life on this planet. Our bodies are made up of 70% water, which is why Water is such an important compound for us. We use Water for so many purposes. We need water for drinking, cooking, bathing, and cleaning. Without Water, life would be impossible on the planet. Water is found on the Earth in the form of rivers, oceans, seas, ponds, lakes, streams, and glaciers. The composition of Water remains the same throughout the Earth.

Paragraph on Water- 150 words for class 4, 5

Water is the most important liquid for all living forms. It is not only necessary for our life processes but is also required for the functioning of our planet. Water is available in 3 states on the Earth- solid, liquid, and gaseous. Solid-state includes glaciers, snow caps, ice sheets, and polar ice reserves. The liquid state includes rivers, seas, lakes, ponds, streams, oceans, and geysers. The gaseous state includes water vapor found in the atmosphere. No matter which state it is in, the composition of Water remains the same throughout. It is a powerful compound that nurtures all the life present on Earth. Plants require water for photosynthesis and respiration. Humans require water for many different life processes like circulation, digestion, respiration, and excretion, without Water, life would be impossible on Earth. As it is such an important compound, we must make sure that we conserve it so that it won’t get exhausted soon.

Paragraph on Water- 200 words for class 6, 7, 8

The chemical formula of Water is H2O. It is made from 2 molecules of Hydrogen and one molecule of Oxygen.

Upon dissociation, the Water separates into gaseous Oxygen and Hydrogen. The dissociation of Water can be brought about by passing an electric discharge through it. Apart from its chemical importance, Water has immeasurable importance for supporting life on Earth. It can be found everywhere on the planet, ranging from marine ecosystems to arid deserts. It is present in every part of the Earth in some form or the other. In oceans and lakes, it is found in liquid form, whereas, in Polar Regions, it is found in solid form. Traces of Water are found in the atmosphere and outer space in the form of gaseous water vapor. The surface of the Earth is composed of 3 parts of water and one part land. This shows that Water is highly important for all living beings. The only reason why life formed on Earth in the first place is Water. Finding Water anywhere else in the universe is next to impossible. So we must make sure that we conserve this liquid treasure so that our future generations would be able to use it too.

Water is recognized as a universal solvent. This characteristic of Water that makes it so important for life on Earth to flourish. It has two molecules of Hydrogen joined by double covalent bonds with a single molecule of Oxygen. The covalent bonds give Water its solubilizing properties. It can dissolve a large number of solids, liquids, and gases within itself. Our bodies require 70% of Water to function properly. Most of this Water is used for transporting nutrients to different parts of our bodies and bringing back toxins from them that would be ultimately excreted out.

Water is found in abundance on the Earth but, only 1 percent of it can be used for drinking purposes. This 1 % is known as potable water and is found in freshwater resources like glaciers, streams, lakes, rivers, and ponds. With time, the share of clean freshwater has been deteriorating. Most of the freshwater that we use comes from rivers and underground reservoirs. Overexploitation of these resources has led to a decrease in water levels in these bodies.

You would be amazed to know that the amount of water on Earth that you find today is the same as that during the Jurassic age! However, the reason why we are facing an acute shortage of water in recent times is that most of the freshwater is being changed into polluted Water that is unfit for use. Water is an essential commodity that we need to safeguard and protect. It has been speculated widely that the third world war can be started because of the water shortage crisis.

Frequently Asked Questions on Water

Question 1.
When is Water Day celebrated?

Answer:
Water day is celebrated on 22 March every year. You can take active participation in shaping our planet’s future by pledging to conserve water on this day.

Question 2.
What is the chemical formula of Water?

Answer:
The chemical formula of Water is H2O. It has been made from the combination of 2 hydrogen molecules and once oxygen molecule, combined with a clean dryer state.

Question 3.
How can we conserve water?

Answer:
We can conserve Water using simple steps like using a bucket instead of the shower while bathing, keeping the tap closed when not in use, fixing leaking pipes immediately, and using a limited amount of water while washing clothes.

Question 4.
What is the percentage of water on Earth?

Answer:
Earth is composed of 70 percent water and 30 percent of the land.

The post Water Paragraph 100, 150, 200, 250 to 300 Words for Kids, Students, and Children appeared first on A Plus Topper.

Summer Vacation Paragraph 100, 150, 200, 250 to 300 Words for Kids, Students and Children

noreply@blogger.com (MAY Creators) — Tue, 10 Sep 2024 10:21:00 +0000

Paragraph On Summer Vacation: It is hard for young students to do classes by traveling in the scorching Sun’s heat, and doing so can also show adverse effects on their health. Therefore, schools give them a mid-year summer break when the students and the school staff can rest and spend time with their families.

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Summer Vacation Paragraph For 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 And 12 Students

Paragraph On Summer Vacation – 100 Words for Class 1,2,3 Kids

In my country, the summer vacations start around May or mid-May and end around the starting of June. The children who come from far get some rest because they don’t have to come to school for those few days and spend time with their family. Teachers don’t fail to assign some minimal homework so that the students don’t completely get detached from their studies. Kids are encouraged to go out and play in the evenings and read more books and watch cartoons with a little restriction. Teachers don’t fail to ask students to describe how they spent their holidays once they meet again after school reopens.

Paragraph On Summer Vacation – 150 Words for Class 4,5 Children

Summer vacations in most schools of India range anywhere between fifteen days to around a month. Students get enough time of leisure to do a fun activity and engage in things they are passionate about. Parents should encourage their children to be more active and creative during summer breaks so that they don’t turn lazy. Cold foods like ice-cream, cold drinks, chilled fruits, etc. are enjoyed by everyone in the heat of summer.

Children should also maintain a balanced schedule, and the parents should monitor it. Many families plan trips during this time and go to hill stations, forests, or beaches. Some of the popular summer sports are swimming, indoor cricket, indoor tennis, ping-pong or table-tennis, chess, etc. Children can draw, sing, write, and do all those things necessary to express their creativity. Parents also should take the children to spend time with their grandparents, and another relative for there is no better time than vacations to bond with family relatives.

Paragraph On Summer Vacation – 200 Words for Class 6,7,8 Students

Summers might be sweaty and a real struggle in most regions. That is why schools close for a few days. In these few days, the students are given plenty of homework and projects to complete, but they also get enough time to spend on what they love doing. Some students are also encouraged to go to summer camps during this vacation for experience and joy. The zeal of summer vacation among students is prominent because they start whining for from it weeks before, but once they are in their houses and have to spend the days without meeting their friends, the sour taste of missing school begins.

Parents rarely allow phone calls, but when they do, children grab the opportunity for talking to their beloved friends whom they miss terribly. In some schools, the summer vacations occur after the end of exams. Whereas in other schools the exams are held after summer vacations, therefore the students also have to spend time revising their lessons and prepping for their exams. But a student shouldn’t be the Jack who works all day and doesn’t get any time for playing because that will make them dull; instead, they should find a little time for relaxation which they can think of as a reward their hard work.

Paragraph On Summer Vacation – 250 to 300 Words for Class 9, 10, 11, 12 and Competitive Exams Students

Summer comes with a bagful of opportunities for students to rest and enjoy. Children should drink enough water and eat healthy homemade food during vacations. Families can go on a recreational tour to shred off all that stress they acquired, working hard in six months. Students take part in several activities like summer camps, swimming, boxing, chess, drawing, singing, dancing, reading, or others during summer vacations. However, students can spend their summer vacations, but it is advised to do something productive in one’s time of leisure, which will only help them in the future. It is best to get on with your reading for reading is a habit that will always be of benefit to you.

The more you read, the more you will earn knowledge and wisdom. However, for students who have exams knocking at their doors just after the summer vacations can hardly get time for leisure. Burdened with lessons one can hardly enjoy, it is suggested that the students not compromise on their health because of this. The students wake up early and should start their mornings of summer vacation with light exercise and yoga, then have a heavy nutritious breakfast and start studying. Then continue studying till it’s time to take a bath and for lunch. After that, you can rest and go outside to play with friends. Again continue with studying from evening till before dinner. Watch some television or enjoy some series or movies on Netflix, and go to bed early. Students can also have cheat days from their routine and enjoy once in a while (say once a week).

FAQ’s on Paragraph on Summer Vacation

Question 1.
Which is the longest break that students get all over the world?

Answer:
Across the world, the longest break in an average of school is observed during the summer. Schools in countries like America, Russia, Italy, Lithuania, Ireland, etc. record the highest number of holidays during summer.

Question 2.
How long are the summer vacations for in Indian schools?

Answer:
In India, summer vacations can range anywhere from ten days to 4 weeks.

Question 3.
Which year summer recorded the highest temperature in India?

Answer:
In 2016, the highest temperature of 51 degrees Celsius broke all prior records of the highest temperatures in India. This temperature was observed in a city called Phalodi in the state of Rajasthan.

Question 4.
Do you get summer breaks in Indian colleges?

Answer:
In most colleges of India, the pre-semester exam holidays and summer vacations are given altogether, which can range from anywhere between two weeks to eight weeks.

The post Summer Vacation Paragraph 100, 150, 200, 250 to 300 Words for Kids, Students and Children appeared first on A Plus Topper.

Paragraph on Dussehra 100, 150, 200, 250 to 300 Words for Kids, Students and Children

noreply@blogger.com (MAY Creators) — Tue, 10 Sep 2024 09:20:00 +0000

Paragraph On Dussehra: One of the biggest festivals celebrated across India, which falls in the month of September-October every year, is the celebration of Dussehra. On this day people wear new clothes, visit several fairs and enjoy a street-food and random shopping spree. All this enjoyment ignites the light of good in people’s hearts to overcome whatever corrupt or unholy existed.

You can read more Paragraph Writing about articles, events, people, sports, technology many more.

Essay On Dussehra For Class 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 Students

Paragraph On Dussehra – 100 Words for Classes 1, 2, 3 Kids

Dussehra is a famous festival celebrated in our country India. It marks the day on which Lord Rama defeated the demon king Ravan. The celebration is to remember that the good and holy always wins over evil. The members of the families dress up and come together to spend time with each other on Dussehra by eating good food and watching fireworks. Many people go out and spend time at the prominent fairs of Dussehra. In these fairs, some local theatre groups stage the play of Ramleela, which is based on Ramayana’s famous Hindu mythological legend. The burning of the big figures representing Ravan, Meghnad, and Kumbhkaran marks the end of this celebration.

Paragraph On Dussehra – 150 Words for Classes 4 and 5 Children

Dussehra is one of the most well-known and highly celebrated holidays in India. Even though it is a Hindu festival but in a secular country like India, people from various religions enjoy themselves in a united way. On Dussehra, the streets are decorated with bright lights, and songs are played from loudspeakers that come from all directions and mix to create beautiful chaos along with the voices and cheers of the people who crowd the street to have a good time. Delicious roadside street foods and small souvenirs are sold by vendors during the ten days of Navratri.

On Dussehra, maximum trade occurs because everyone wants to enjoy the last day of that festival and holiday. But India is a country where festivals are frequent, and every year the end of Autumn and Winter observes most of these festivals. Therefore on Vijayadashami, which is celebrated on the same day as Dussehra in Bengal and Orissa, people might be bidding goodbye to Maa Durga but only to welcome Maa Kaali and celebrate Diwali just after two weeks.

Students can also find 10 Lines on Dussehra and Dussehra Essay from here.

Paragraph On Dussehra 200 Words for Classes 6, 7, 8 Students

It is a Hindu festival celebrated in the memory of legendary mythological character Lord Rama defeating the so-called undefeatable evil soul called Ravan, who was also the king of Sri Lanka as per the legend. People celebrate this day by burning a huge demon-like structure made of wood and hay representing the demon, King Ravan. Another legend that the people of West Bengal believe is that the Goddess Maa Durga, who came to visit her father’s house on Earth, leaves after five days, i.e., on the day of Dashami or Dussehra. So everyone rejoices and tells her to come again next year while bidding Maa Durga a goodbye.

On this day, sweets are prepared and distributed, and relatives meet and exchange gifts and enjoy their time. The children are those who are most excited during any festivals as they are dressed in beautiful and new clothes, they get to meet their cousins and friends, are told the legend of Ramayana again, and are also taken to fairs where they buy toys and eat tasty food. With the adults’ busy schedules, they also look forward to the holiday of Dussehra when they finally get to relax and spend some quality time with their family.

Paragraph On Dussehra – 250 to 300 Words for Classes 9, 10, 11, 12 and Competitive Exams Students

A celebration that occurs on the tenth day of the Shukla Paksha of Ashwin month is called Dussehra. Dussehra is like a grand finale to the ten days long celebration of Navaratri. People on this day reenact the play of Ramayana, and the drama ends with the person who is playing the role of Lord Rama, burning the massive effigy of Ravana. Children, along with adults, visit ‘Melas,’ which is the Hindi for fairs.

The festival of Dussehra makes a massive contribution to the economy of India as well because the people who are involved in the preparations of pandals, statue and idol makers, decorators, the small local shop and stall owners, the pundits, the theatre people, etc. all get an opportunity of work for this festival. The government of India takes the responsibility of cleaning the areas and initiating high security during the celebration. Not everyone is lucky to spend time with their family and relax on Dussehra because some have to work mandatorily to feed their family, some people are far away from home, and many families are way too unfortunate than us.

We should contribute whatever little can, and we must remember to bring joy to everyone, including the poor because they also deserve to celebrate in festivals. A small donation, a new dress, gifts, or giving chocolates on Dussehra to those who are less fortunate than us can bring a smile on their face and cheer them up to take part in enjoying the occasion.

FAQ’s on Paragraph on Dussehra

Question 1.
When does Dussehra occur?

Answer:
The ‘Tithi’ or date of Dussehra depends on the Lunar calendar. In the Ashwin month, that takes place around in September-October, on the tenth day of the bright half of the moon called Sukhla Dasami.

Question 2.
On which days of Navaratri do Indians eat only vegetarian food?

Answer:
Not all regions of India celebrate Navaratri by avoiding non-vegetarian food, for example, Bengalis. But those who do fast on Navartri and practice eating vegetarian food (in some areas, not even onion and garlic are eaten) on this auspicious occasion for all the ten days of Navratri (including Dussehra).

Question 3.
Which is the most crowded place on Dussehra?

Answer:
On Dassehra or Dasara, almost all areas of India are at a festive mood with peak tourist season. But among all these places, Kullu has a famous spot for Dussehra, so does Mysore and Kolkata is famous for Durga Puja, where people from all over India and as well as other countries visit.

Question 4.
How is the festival of Dassehra celebrated?

Answer:
Dussehra is a prominent festival in India, and as per the Hindu traditions, people break their Navratri fast on this day and enjoy by visiting Melas, watching Ramlila dance-dramas, spending time with family on this opportunity of a holiday, eating Satvik food and cracking fireworks together.

The post Paragraph on Dussehra 100, 150, 200, 250 to 300 Words for Kids, Students and Children appeared first on A Plus Topper.

Frank ICSE Solutions for Class 9 Physics Chapter 2 – Motion in One Dimensiont Solutions

noreply@blogger.com (MAY Creators) — Mon, 09 Sep 2024 06:20:00 +0000

Frank ICSE Solutions for Class 9 Physics Chapter 2 – Motion in One Dimensiont Solutions

PAGE NO: 61.
Solution – 01.

A body is said to be in state of rest if it does not change its position with respect to its surrounding objects with time.

Solution – 02.

A vector quantity is that physical quantity which is represented by both magnitude and direction.

Solution – 03.

No mass is not a vector quantity.

Solution – 04.

A vector is represented by an arrow. The length of the arrow represents the magnitude of vector quantity and arrow head gives the direction of vector quantity.

Solution – 05.

If a book is lying in almirah then it is at rest.

Solution – 06.

A body is said to be in motion when it change its position with respect to its surrounding objects with time.

Solution – 07.

Yes rest and motion are relative to each other.

Solution – 08.

Out of Force and Energy, Force is a vector quantity.

Solution – 09.

Examples of scalars are distance and mass.

Solution – 10.

Out of these positions, (i) and (ii) positions of body lie on same straight line as direction of these two are same.

Solution – 11.

A vector quantity is represented only when its magnitude and direction are specified so this quantity is a vector quantity.

PAGE NO: 62.
Solution – 12.

Passengers sitting in a train are at rest with respect to each other.

Solution – 13.

Yes we are at rest as well as motion because we are at rest with respect to a observer which is itself at rest and we are in motion with respect to a observer which is in motion.

Solution – 14.

The platform is in motion with respect to train. As train is moving with respect to platform so platform would also look in motion with respect to train.

Solution – 15.

Solution – 16.

Solution – 17.

The physical quantity representing the magnitude and its direction is a vector quantity.

Solution – 18.

(i) Yes we can add two scalars.
(ii) Yes we can add two vectors.
(iii) Yes we can multiply two scalars.
(iv) No we cannot add a scalar quantity to a vector quantity.
(v) Yes we can subtract two scalars.
(vi) No we cannot subtract a scalar quantity from a vector quantity. Reverse is also not true.
(vii) Yes we can multiply vectors.

Solution – 19.

The actual length of the path covered by a moving object irrespective of its direction of motion is called the distance travelled by the object.

Solution – 20.

No the distance covered by a body cannot be less than the magnitude of its displacement.

Solution – 21.

The displacement of a moving body is defined as the change in its position along a particular direction

Solution – 22.

SI unit for measurement of distance and diplacement is metre denoted by m.

Solution – 23.

Solution – 24.

Yes a body can have negative displacement.

Solution – 25.

If a body is moving in a straight line then the displacement of a body is equal to the distance travelled by it.

Solution – 26.

(i) Distance is a scalar quantity whereas displacement is a vector quantity.
(ii) Distance is always positive but displacement can be negative,zero or positive.

Solution – 27.

Solution – 28.

Solution – 29.

Solution – 30.

Solution – 31.

PAGE NO: 79.
Solution – 01.

Speed of a body can be defined as distance covered by the body in unit time.

Solution – 02.

Average speed of a body can be defined as ratio of total distance covered by a body In total time.

Solution – 03.

Both speed and average speed have same unit and that is ms-1.

Solution – 04.

No speed and average speed of a body have different meaning.

Solution – 05.

60 km/hr can be converted into m/s to compare with 15m/s.
60 km/hr = (60 X 1000)/3600 = 16.66 m/s. so speed 60 km/hr is greater.

Solution – 06.

20m/s can be converted inti km/hr as
20 m/s = (20 X 3600)/1000 = 72 km/hr.

Solution – 07.

Solution – 08.

SI unit of velocity is ms-1.

Solution – 09.

No as their direction is different they don’t have same velocity.

Solution – 10.

we convert all the speeds in m/s to compare them.
36 km/hr = (36 X 1000)/3600 = 10m/s.
2 km/min = (2 X 1000)/60 = 33.3 m/s.
7 m/s = 7 m/s.
So increasing order of speed is 7m/s < 10m/s <33m/s. Solution – 11.

let total distance be S.
Boy covers distance S/2 with speed u then time taken by him to cover this distance would be T1 =S/2u.
Again boy covers rest of the distance S/2 with speed v then time taken by him to cover this distance would be T2 =S/2v.
So total time taken by boy to cover the distance S is T = T1 + T2.
Total time T= S/2 (1/u +1/v) = s(u+v)/2uv.
And average speed = S/T = 2uv/(u+v).

Solution – 12.

Yes uniform speed and constant speed have same meaning.

Solution – 13.

let S be the distance between P and Q.
Body covers forward journey distance S (P to Q) with speed u then time taken by him to cover this distance would be T1 =S/u.
Again body covers backward journey distance S (Q to P) with speed v then time taken by him to cover this distance would be T2 =S/v.
So total time taken by body to cover the distance S is T = T1 + T2.
Total time T= S (1/u +1/v) = s(u+v)/uv.
And average speed = 2S/T = 2uv/(u+v).

Solution – 14.

As body goes from P to Q and then return back to P so the displacement of the body would be zero and hence average velocity would also be zero.

Solution – 15.

let distance between P and Q is S.
Speed of car while travelling from P to Q is 20 m/s.
Let car take time T1 to travel from P to Q then T1= S/20.
Speed of car while travelling from Q to P is 30 m/s.
Let car take time T2 to travel from Q to P then T2= S/30.
Total time = T1 + T2 = S/20 +S/30 =S/12.
So average speed of journey = total distance/ total time = 2S/(S/12) = 24 m/s.
Average speed of journey is 24 m/s.

Solution – 16.

Speed is a scalar quantity whereas velocity is a vector quantity. So speed doesn’t have its direction and velocity has a particular direction.

Solution – 17

Speed and velocity of a moving body become equal when the body moves in a straight line.

Solution – 18.

When the velocity of a moving body doesn’t change with time then the velocity of the body is said to be constant or uniform.Yes uniform velocity and constant velocity are one and the same thing.

Solution – 19.

Acceleration of a body is rate of change of its velocity with respect to the time.

Solution – 20.

SI unit of acceleration is ms-2.

PAGE NO: 80.
Solution – 21.

If the acceleration of a moving body is constant in magnitude and direction then the path of the body must not be a straight line because in circular motion also acceleration of a body is constant in magnitude and always directed towards the centre.
So the path of the body may be a straight line and may be a circular one.

Solution – 22.

No the relation S = v X t cannot used to find the total distance covered by a body moving with non-uniform speed.

Solution – 23.

Yes area under a speed time graph in a given interval gives the total distance covered by a body.

Solution – 24.

Yes the motion is uniform and the uniform speed is given by area under speed time graph divided by time interval.
So speed = 500/20 =25 m/s.

Solution – 25.

Positive acceleration corresponds to situation when velocity is continuously increasing with respect to the time.

Solution – 26.

Negative acceleration corresponds to situation when velocity is continuously decereasing with respect to the time.

Solution – 27.

If a body falls towards earth then it would have a positive acceleration.

Solution – 28.

If a body has acceleration of 8.5 ms-2 then it means its velocity is increasing at a rate of 8.5 ms-1 per second.

Solution – 29.

SI unit of retardation is ms-2.

Solution – 30.

first convert 60 km/h in m/s.
60 km/hr =(60 X 1000)/3600 = 16.7 m/s.
This is initial velocity of car i.e u = 16.7 m/s.
As car stops in 10 seconds so final velocity is =0 m/s.
So acceleration = (v-u)/t = (0-16.7)/10 = -1.67 ms-2.
Acceleration of car is = -1.67 ms-2.

Solution – 31.

-30 m/s is speed.

Solution – 32.

Velocity corresponds to the rate of change of displacement.

Solution – 33.

No the speed of a body cannot be negative.

Solution – 34.

A flying bird most likely to have a non uniform velocity.

Solution – 35.

Let initial velocity be u.
Final velocity is v= 0 m/s.
Time taken by body to come to rest = 10 sec.
Retardation =2.5 ms-2.
We know v = u +at.
Then u = v – at.
u = 0 – (-2.5 X 10) = 25 m/s.
So initial velocity of the body is 25 m/s.

Solution – 36.

Equation of motion gives us the picture of motion of moving body.

Solution – 37.

First equation of motion is v = u + at.
Second equation of motion is s= ut + 1/2a t2.
Third eqution of motion is v2 – u2 =2as.

Solution – 38.

Four variables are present in each equation of motion.

Solution – 39.

Four variables are present in each equation of motion and if any of three is known to us then fourth can be easily find with the help of these equation of motion.

Solution – 40.

SI unit of acceleration and retardation is ms-2.

Solution – 41.

Distance is the physical quantity which is equal to the area under speed-time graph.

Solution – 42.

A uniformly accelerated motion is one in which speed is constantly increasing or decreasing with time while a non uniform motion is one in which speed is not constantly changing with time.

Solution – 43.

No we cannot use this relation for a body moving with uniform acceleration.

Solution – 44.

Slope of a graph is given as rate of change of y coordinates to the x coordinate. In speed time graph speed is on the y axis and time is on the x axis. And we define acceleration as rate of change of speed with respect to time. So slope of a speed time graph gives acceleration.

Solution – 45.

(i) Motion of blades of an electric fan.
(ii) Motion of moon around earth.

Solution – 46.

A straight line curve on speed time graph indicates that acceleration of the body is uniform and a zigzag or curved line indicates that acceleration of a body is not uniform.

Solution – 47.

Two quantities are directly proportional to each other.

Solution – 48.

As we distance = speed X time.
Speed = 42 km/hr.
Time = 10 m = 1/6 hr.
Distance = 42 X 1/6 =7 km.

Solution – 49

Initial velocity u =10 ms-1.
Acceleration a = 2 ms-2.
Time t = 10 s.
By using first equation of motion
V = u + at.
V = 10 + 2 X 10.
V (final velocity) = 30 ms-1.

Solution – 50.

Initial velocity u = 10 km/hr. = (10 X 1000)/3600 = 8.33 ms-1.
Final velocity = 64 km/hr = (64 X 1000)/3600 = 17.77 ms-1.
Time = 10 s.
Acceleration = (v-u)/t = (17.77- 8.33)/10 = 9.44/10 = 0.94 ms-2.

PAGE NO: 81.
Solution – 51.

Solution – 52.

No a body cannot have a speed negative.

Solution – 53.

No2 distance covered by body during nth second is not more than the distance covered in n seconds.

Solution – 54.

Solution – 55.

Solution – 56.

If speed time graph is moving upward then the body is accelerating and if it is starting from origin then it means the body has initial velocity =0.

Solution – 57.

Speed time graph is moving upward then the body is accelerating and if it is not starting from origin then it means the body has some initial velocity.

Solution – 58.

Solution – 59.

Solution – 60.

Solution – 61.

Solution – 62.

PAGE NO: 83.
Solution – 01.

Displacement and velocity are two examples of vectors.

Solution – 02.

SI unit of retardation is ms-2.

Solution – 03.

Velocity is the physical quantity associated with the rate of change of displacement with time.

Solution – 04.

Solution – 05.

There are three types of rectilinear motion Translational , vibrational and rotational.

Solution – 06.

A body is said to have a uniform velocity if it covers equal displacement in equal interval of time.

Solution – 07.

Acceleration is a vector quantity.

Solution – 08.

Slope of speed time graph represents acceleration.

Solution – 09.

If a stone is dropped from a certain height then it undergoes non uniform velocity motion.

Solution – 10.

This means the body has a positive acceleration.

Solution – 11.

Solution – 12.

(i) No a body with constant acceleration cannot have a zero velocity.
(ii) No a body with an acceleration in vertical direction cannot move horizontally.
(iii) No in an accelerated motion a body cannot have a constant velocity.

Solution – 13.

Solution – 14.

(i) In displacement-time graph a straight line parallel to time axis shows that body is at rest position.
(ii) In displacement-time graph a straight line inclined to the time axis with an acute angle means body is moving with a positive velocity.

Solution – 15.

No a accelerating body cannot have constant speed.

Solution – 16.

(i) In displacement-time graph a straight line shows body is at rest if it is parallel to time axis and shows a body is moving with uniform velocity if it is inclined to x axis.
(ii) In velocity-time graph a straight line shows body is moving with uniform constant velocity if it is parallel to x axis and shows body is moving constant acceleration of it is inclined to x axis.

Solution – 17.

Average speed during different time intervals for a uniform motion is same.

Solution – 18.

Velocity of a stone thrown vertically upward at its maximum height is Zero.

Solution – 19.

Velocity of a stone thrown vertically upwards decrease because acceleration due to gravity is acting on downward direction.

Solution – 20.

Linear velocity would be equal to linear speed if body is moving in a straight line.

Solution – 21.

Solution – 22.

PAGE NO: 84.
Solution – 23.

Solution – 24.

During circular motion
(a) Speed remains constant.
(b) Velocity changes continuously.

Solution – 25.

The statement is not correct , the correct statement is “the earth is moves round the sun with constant speed”.

Solution – 26.

As in circular motion direction changes continuously with motion so after two complete revolutions we can say that direction has changed infinite times.

Solution – 27.

As after completing 3 revolution in circular motion the displacement is = 0. so the ratio of distance covered to the displacement is infinite.

Solution – 28.

The graph becomes straight line with positive slope with time axis and represents almost a constant acceleration.

Solution – 29.

Retardation is negative of acceleration so retardation the body is +3.4 ms-2.

Solution – 30.

Bus is moving with initial velocity of u = 60 km/hr.
60 km/hr = ( 60 X 1000)/3600 = u = 16.66 ms-1.
Reaction time = t =1/15 sec.
Distance would the bus had moved before pressing the bus would be = u X t.
S = 16.66 X 1/15 = 1.1 m.
Now if the driver is intoxiacated then reaction time would be t = 1/2 seconds.
So S becomes S = u X t = 16.66 X 1/2 = 8.33m.

Solution – 31.

Time difference of 0.1 s denotes the time taken by sound to go from device to wall and back to wall. As the distance between wall and device is 15 m so total distance covered by sound is 2 X 15 m =30 m.
So speed of sound is = total distance covered/time taken = 30/0.1 =300 ms-1.
So speed of sound is 300 ms-1.

Solution – 32.

Solution – 33.

Solution – 34.

slope of velocity time graph represents acceleration of the body.

Solution – 35.

PAGE NO: 85.
Solution – 36.

Solution – 37.

Solution – 38.

Solution – 39.

Solution – 40.

Solution – 41.

let total distance be S.
Boy covers distance S/2 with speed A then time taken by him to cover this distance would be T1 =S/2A.
Again boy covers rest of the distance S/2 with speed B then time taken by him to cover this distance would be T2 =S/2B.
So total time taken by boy to cover the distance S is T = T1 + T2.
Total time T= S/2 (1/A +1/B) = s(A+B)/2AB.
And average speed = S/T = 2AB/(A+B).

Solution – 42.

Car travls 30 km distance with speed 60 km/hr
Time taken by car to travel this distance = 30/60 = 0.5 hr.
Car travels another distance of 30 km with speed of 20 km/hr.
Time taken by car to travel this distance = 30/20 = 1.5 hr.
Total time taken = 1.5 + 0.5 = 2 hr.
Total distance = 30+ 30 = 60 km.
Average speed of car = 60/2 = 30 km/hr.

Solution – 43.

Train travels first 40 km at speed of 30 km/hr.
Time taken by train to cover this distance is = distance/speed = 40/30 = 4/3 hr.
Let speed of train to cover next 80 km is v .
Then time taken by train to cover these 80 km is 80/v.
Total time becomes T = 4/3 +80/v = ( 4v + 240)/3v.
Total distance= 120 km.
Average speed = 60 km/h (given)
However average is given by = total distance /total time.
So (120 X 3 X v)/(4v +240) = 60
360 v = 240v +14400
120v = 14400
v= 14400/120 =120 km/hr.
so train has to cover those 80 km at a speed of 120 km/hr.

Solution – 44.

Solution – 45.

Solution – 46.

Solution – 47.

Initial velocity of car u = 18 km/hr.
Final velocity of car v= 36 km/hr.
Time taken by body = 15 min. = 1/4 hr
Acceleration of car a = ( v- u )/t = (36 – 18 ) X 4 = 72 kmh-2.

Solution – 48.

Initial speed of car u = 50 km/h.
Final speed of car v = 55 km/h.
Time taken by car to attain this speed is = 1 sec. = 1/3600 hr.
Acceleration of the car is = (55 – 50 )X 3600 = 18000 kmh-2.

Solution – 49.

(a) 7200 km/h2 = ( 7200 X 1000)/(3600 X 3600) = 5/9 ms-2.
(b) 1/36 m/s2 = (1 X3600 X 3600)/(36 X1000) = 3600 kmh-2.

Solution – 50.

initial velocity u = 20 m/s.
Acceleration = 5 m/s2.
T = 2 s.
We know v= u + at.
v= 20 + 5X2= 30 m/s.

Solution – 51.

acceleration of the car = 10 ms-2.
Initial velocity u = 10 m/s.
Final velocity v = 30 m/s.
We v = u + at.
T = (v- u)/a
T = (30 – 10 )/10 = 2 sec.
Time taken by car is 2 sec.

PAGE NO: 86.
Solution – 52.

Solution – 53.

Solution – 54.

Let total distance be S.
Body covers distance S/2 with speed 40 ms-1 then time taken by him to cover this distance would be T1 =S/2 X 40.
Again body covers rest of the distance S/2 with speed 60 ms-1 then time taken by him to cover this distance would be T2 =S/2 X 60.
So total time taken by body to cover the distance S is T = T1 + T2.
Total time T= S/2 (1/40 +1/60) = s(40+60)/2 X 40 X 60 = s/48.
And average speed = S/T = 48 ms-1.
So average speed is 48 ms-1.

Solution – 55.

As displacement for the motion from A to B and B to A is zero so the average velocity of the body would be zero.

Solution – 56.

Initial velocity of body u = 0.5 ms-1.
Final velocity of the body v = 0 ms-1 as body comes to rest finally.
Retardation of body = 0.05 ms-2.
We know that v = u + at.
0 = 0.5 – 0.05t
T = 0.5/0.05 = 10 sec.

Solution – 57.

Initial speed of train = 90 km/hr
Speed of train imn m/s = ( 90 X 1000 )/3600 = 25 m/s.
Retardation of the train = 2.5 ms-2.
Final speed of train at platform = 0 m/s.
We know that v2 – u2 = 2as.
0 – 25 X25 = 2 X (-2.5) X s
S = 625/5 = 125 m.
So driver should apply the brakes 125 m before the platform.

Solution – 58.

Train travels first 30 km at speed of 30 km/hr.
Time taken by train to cover this distance is = distance/speed = 30/30 = 1 hr.
Let speed of train to cover next 90 km is v .
Then time taken by train to cover these 90 km is 90/v.
Total time becomes T = 1 +90/v = ( v + 90)/v.
Total distance= 120 km.
Average speed = 60 km/h (given)
However average is given by = total distance /total time.
So (120 � v)/(v +90) = 60
120 v = 60v +5400
60v = 5400
v= 5400/60 =90 km/hr.
so train has to cover those 90 km at a speed of 90 km/hr.

Solution – 59.

speed of train = 30 km/hr.
Speed in m/s = ( 30 X1000 )/3600 = 50/6 m/s.
Lenth of train = 50 m.
Let lenth of bridge be s metre.
Train has to cover total distance of 50 +s to cross that bridge.
Time taken by train to cover this distance = 36 sec.
So as time taken = total distance /total time taken.
36 = ( 50 +s ) X 6/ 50.
1800 = 300 + 6s
6s = 1500.
S = 1500/6 = 250m
Length of bridge is 250 m.

Solution – 60.

Solution – 61.

PAGE NO: 87.
Solution – 62.

Solution – 63.

(i) No vehicle is moving with uniform velocity.
(ii) Vehicle B is moving with constant acceleration.
(iii) At 6 seconds both vehicles would meet.
(iv) Velocity of both the vehicles is 60 m/s when they meet.
(v) Vehicle B is ahead at the end of 7th sec and by 70 m.

Solution – 64.

The given question is wrong as distance can never DECREASE with progress of time.

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Frank ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Maths Trigonometric Identities Ex 21.1

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Frank ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Maths Trigonometric Identities Ex 21.1

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Frank ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Maths Trigonometric Identities Ex 21.1

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Maths Physics Chemistry Biology

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Frank ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Maths Shares and Dividends Ex 4.1

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Maths Physics Chemistry Biology

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Selina Concise Physics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Work, Energy and Power

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Selina Concise Physics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Work, Energy and Power

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Selina ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Physics Chapter 2 Work, Energy and Power

Exercise 1(A)

Solution 1.

Work is said to be done only when the force applied on a body makes the body move. It is a scalar quantity.

Solution 2.

(i) When force is in direction of displacement, then work done , W = F x S
(ii) When force is at an angle θ to the direction of displacement, then work done, W= F S cos θ

Solution 3.

(a) When force is at an angle θ to the direction of displacement, then work done, W= F S cos θ
(b) (i) For zero work done, the angle between force and displacement should be 90^o as cos 90^o= 0
W = FS cos90^o= FS x 0 = 0
(ii) For maximum work done, the angle between force and displacement should be 0^o as cos0^o= 1
Hence, W=FScos 0^o=FS

Solution 4.

Two conditions when the work done is zero are:

When there is no displacement (S = 0) and,
When the displacement is normal to the direction of the force (θ = 90^o).

Solution 5.

(i) If the displacement of the body is in the direction of force, then work done is positive.
Hence, W= F x S
For example: A coolie does work on the load when he raises it up against the force of gravity. The force exerted by coolie (=mg) and displacement, both are in upward direction.

(ii) If the displacement of the body is in the direction opposite to the force, then work done is negative.
Hence, W =- F x S
For example: When a body moves on a surface, the frictional forces between the body and the surface is in direction opposite to the motion of the body and so the work done by the force of friction is negative.

Solution 6.

Work is done against the force.

Solution 7.

When a body moves in a circular path, no work is done since the force on the body is directed towards the centre of circular path (the body is acted upon by the centripetal force), while the displacement at all instants is along the tangent to the circular path, i.e., normal to the direction of force.

Solution 8.

Work done by the force of gravity (which provides the centripetal force) is zero as the force of gravity acting on the satellite is normal to the displacement of the satellite.

Solution 9.

Work is done only in case of a boy climbing up a stair case.

Solution 10.

When a coolie carrying some load on his head moves, no work is done by him against the force of gravity because the displacement of load being horizontal, is normal to the direction of force of gravity.

Solution 11.

Force applied by the fielder on the ball is in opposite direction of displacement of ball. So, work done by the fielder on the ball is negative.

Solution 12.

When a coolie carries a load while moving on a ground, the displacement is in the horizontal direction while the force of gravity acts vertically downward. So the work done by the force of gravity is zero.

Solution 13.

S.I unit of work is Joule.
C.G.S unit of work is erg.
Relation between joule and erg :
1joule = 1N x 1m
But 1N = 10⁵dyne
And 1m = 100 cm = 10²cm
Hence, 1 joule = 10⁵dyne x 10²cm
= 10⁷dyne x cm = 10⁷erg
Thus, 1 Joule = 10⁷ erg

Solution 14.

S. I unit of work is Joule.
1 joule of work is said to be done when a force of 1 newton displaces a body through a distance of 1 metre in its own direction.
Previous

Solution 15.

Relation between joule and erg :
1 joule = 1N x 1m
But 1N = 10⁵dyne
And 1m = 100 cm= 10²cm
Hence, 1 joule = 10⁵dyne x 10²cm
= 10⁷dyne x cm = 10⁷erg
Thus, 1 Joule = 10⁷ erg

Solution 16.

Let a body of mass m fall down through a vertical height h either directly or through an inclined plane e.g. a hill, slope or staircase. The force of gravity on the body is F = mg acting vertically downwards and the displacement in the direction of force (i.e., vertical) is S=h. Therefore the work done by the force of gravity is
W = FS = mgh

Solution 17.

Let a boy of mass m climb up through a vertical height h either through staircase of using a lift. The force of gravity on the boy is F=mg acting vertically downwards and the displacement in the direction opposite to force (i.e., vertical) is S=-h. Therefore the work done by the force of gravity on the boy is
W= FS =-mgh
or,the work W=mgh is done by the boy against the force of gravity.

Solution 18.

The energy of a body is its capacity to do work. Its S.I unit is Joule (J).

Solution 19.

eV measures the energy of atomic particles.
1eV= 1.6 x 10^-19J

Solution 20.

1 J = 0.24 calorie

Solution 21.

Calorie measures heat energy.
1calorie = 4.18 J

Solution 22.

1kWh is the energy spent (or work done) by a source of power 1kW in 1 h.
1kWh = 3.6 x 10⁶J

Solution 23.

The rate of doing work is called power. The S.I. unit of power is watt (W).

Solution 24.

Power spent by a source depends on two factors:
(i) The amount of work done by the source, and
(ii) The time taken by the source to do the said work.
Example: If a coolie A takes 1 minute to lift a load to the roof of a bus, while another coolie B takes 2 minutes to lift the same load to the roof of the same bus, the work done by both the coolies is the same, but the power spent by the coolie A is twice the power spent by the coolie B because the coolie A does work at a faster rate.

Solution 25.

Work	Power
1. Work done by a force is equal to the product of force and the displacement in the direction of force.	1. Power of a source is the rate of doing work by it.
2. Work done does not depend on time.	2. Power spent depends on the time in which work is done.
3. S.I unit of work is joule (J).	3. S.I unit of power is watt (W).

Solution 26.

Energy	Power
1. Energy of a body is its capacity to do work.	1. Power of a source is the energy spent by it in 1s.
2. Energy spent does not depend on time.	2. Power spent depends on the time in which energy is spent.
3. S.I unit of energy is joule (J).	3. S.I unit of power is watt (W).

Solution 27.

S.I unit of power is watt (W).
If 1 joule of work is done in 1 second, the power spent is said to be 1 watt.

Solution 28.

Horse power is another unit of power, largely used in mechanical engineering. It is related to the S.I unit watt as :
1 H.P =746 W

Solution 29.

Watt (W) is the unit of power, while watt hour (Wh) is the unit of work, since power x time = work.

Solution 30.

a. Energy is measured in kWh
b. Power is measure in kW
c. Energy is measured in Wh
d. Energy is meaused in eV
Concept insight: Energy has bigger units like kWh (kilowatt hour) and Wh (watt hour). Similarly bigger unit of power is kW (kilo watt).
The energy of atomic particles is very small, and hence, it is measured in eV (electron volt).

Solution 1 (MCQ).

746 W

Solution 2 (MCQ).

The unit kWh is the unit of energy.

Numericals

Solution 1.

Solution 2.

Solution 3.

Solution 4.

Solution 5.

Solution 6.

Solution 7.

Solution 8.

Solution 9.

Solution 10.

Solution 12.

Solution 13.

(i) The work done by persons A and B is independent of time. Hence both A and B will do the same amount of work. Hence,

(ii) Power developed by the person A and B is calculated as follows:
A takes 20 s to climb the stairs while B takes 15 s, to do the same. Hence B does work at a much faster rate than A; more power is spent by B.

Solution 15.

Exercise 2(B)

Solution 1.

Two forms of mechanical energy are:

Solution 2.

Elastic potential energy is possessed by wound up watch spring.

Solution 3.

(a) Kinetic energy (K)
(b) Potential energy (U)
(c) Kinetic energy (K)
(d) Potential energy (U)
(e) Kinetic energy (K)
(f) Potential energy (U)

Solution 4.

Potential energy: The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its specific position (or changed configuration) is called the potential energy.
Different forms of P.E. are as listed below:

Gravitational potential energy: The potential energy possessed by a body due to its position relative to the centre of Earth is called its gravitational potential energy.
Example: A stone at a height has gravitational potential energy due to its raised height.
Elastic potential energy: The potential energy possessed by a body in the deformed state due to change in its configuration is called its elastic potential energy.
Example: A compressed spring has elastic potential energy due to its compressed state.

Solution 5.

Potential energy is possessed by the body even when it is not in motion. For example: a stone at a height has the gravitational potential energy due to its raised position.

Solution 6.

Gravitational potential energy is the potential energy possessed by a body due to its position relative to the centre of earth.
For a body placed at a height above the ground, the gravitational potential energy is measured by the amount of work done in lifting it up to that height against the force of gravity.
Let a body of mass m be lifted from the ground to a vertical height h. The least upward force F required to lift the body (without acceleration) must be equal to the force of gravity (=mg) on the body acting vertically downwards. The work done W on the body in lifting it to a height h is
W= force of gravity (mg) x displacement (h)
= mgh
This work is stored in the body when it is at a height h in the form of its gravitational potential energy.
Gravitational potential energy U= mgh

Solution 7.

The work done W on the body in lifting it to a height h is
W= force of gravity (mg) x displacement (h)
=mgh
This work is stored in the body when it is at a height h in the form of its gravitational potential energy.
Gravitational potential energy U= mgh

Solution 8.

A body in motion is said to possess the kinetic energy. The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its state of motion is called the kinetic energy.

Solution 9.

Solution 10.

According to the work-energy theorem, the work done by a force on a moving body is equal to the increase in its kinetic energy.

Solution 11.

Body of mass m is moving with a uniform velocity u. A force is applied on the body due to which its velocity changes from u to v and produces an acceleration a in moving a distance S.Then,
Work done by the force= force x displacement
W = F x S———(i)

Solution 12.

Both the masses have same momentum p. The kinetic energy, K is inversely proportional to mass of the body.
Hence light mass body has more kinetic energy because smaller the mass, larger is the kinetic energy.

Solution 13.

Kinetic energy is related to momentum and mass as
p = √2mK
As the kinetic energy of both bodies are same, momentum is directly proportional to square root of mass.
Now, mass of body B is greater than that of body A.
Hence, body B will have more momentum than body A.

Solution 15.
The three forms of kinetic energy are:

Translational kinetic energy- example: a freely falling body
Rotational kinetic energy-example: A spinning top.
Vibrational kinetic energy-example: atoms in a solid vibrating about their mean position.

Solution 16.

Potential energy (U)	Kinetic energy (K)
1. The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its specific position or changed configuration is called potential energy.	1.The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its state of motion is called the kinetic energy.
2.Two forms of potential energy are gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy.	2. Forms of kinetic energy are translational, rotational and vibrational kinetic energy.
3.Example: A wound up watch spring has potential energy.	3. For example: a moving car has kinetic energy.

Solution 17.

(a) Motion.
(b) Position.

Solution 18.

When the string of a bow is pulled, some work is done which is stored in the deformed state of the bow in the form of its elastic potential energy. On releasing the string to shoot an arrow, the potential energy of the bow changes into the kinetic energy of the arrow which makes it move.

Solution 19.

The compressed spring has elastic potential energy due to its compressed state. When it is released, the potential energy of the spring changes into kinetic energy which does work on the ball if placed on it and changes into kinetic energy of the ball due to which it flies away.

Solution 20.

When water falls from a height, the potential energy stored in water at a height changes into the kinetic energy of water during the fall. On striking the ground, a part of the kinetic energy of water changes into the heat energy due to which the temperature of water rises.

Solution 21.

Yes, when force is normal to displacement, no transfer of energy takes place.

Solution 22.

Kinetic energy.

Solution 23.

The six different forms of energy are:

Solar energy
Heat energy
Light energy
Chemical or fuel energy
Hydro energy
Nuclear energy

Solution 24.

(a) Potential energy of wound up spring converts into kinetic energy.
(b) Chemical energy of petrol or diesel converts into mechanical energy (kinetic energy)
(c) Kinetic energy to potential energy
(d) Light energy changes into chemical energy
(e) Electrical energy changes into chemical energy
(f) Chemical energy changes into heat energy
(g) Chemical energy changes into heat and light energy
(h) Chemical energy changes into heat, light and sound energy

Solution 25.

(a) Electrical energy into sound energy
(b) Heat energy into mechanical energy
(c) Sound energy into electrical energy
(d) Electrical energy to mechanical energy
(e) Electrical energy into light energy
(f) Chemical energy to heat energy
(g) Light energy into electrical energy
(h) Chemical energy into heat energy
(i) Chemical energy into electrical energy
(j) Chemical energy to mechanical energy
(k) Electrical energy into heat energy
(l) Light energy into electrical energy
(m) Electrical energy into magnetic energy.

Solution 27.

No. This is because, whenever there is conversion of energy from one form to another apart of the energy is dissipated in the form of heat which is lost to surroundings.

Solution 1 (MCQ).

Potential energy
Hint: P.E. is the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position.

Solution 2 (MCQ).

Chemical to electrical
Hint: When current is drawn from an electric cell, the chemical energy stored in it changes into electrical energy.

Numericals

Solution 1.

Solution 2.

Mass , m=1kg
Height, h=5m
Gravitational potential energy = mgh
=1 x 10 x 5=50J

Solution 3.

Gravitational potential energy=14700 J
Force of gravity = mg= 150 x 9.8N/kg= 1470N
Gravitational potential energy= mgh
14700 =1470 x h
h=10m

Solution 4.

Solution 5.

Mass =0.5 kg
Energy= 1 J
Gravitational potential energy= mgh
1=0.5 x10 x h
1=5h
Height, h= 0.2 m

Solution 6.

Force of gravity on boy=mg= 25 x 10 =250N
Increase in gravitational potential energy= Mg (h₂-h₁)
= 250 x (9-3)
=250 x6=1500 J

Solution 7.

Mass of water, m= 50kg
Height, h=15m
Gravitational potential energy= mgh
=50 x10 x 15
=7500 J

Solution 8.

Mass of man=50kg
Height of ladder, h₂=10m

(i) Work done by man =mgh₂ =50 x 9.8 x10= 4900J

(ii) increase in his potential energy:
Height, h₂= 10m
Reference point is ground, h₁=0m
Gravitational potential energy= Mg (h₂-h₁)
= 50 x9.8x (10-0)
= 50 x 9.8 x10= 4900J

Solution 9.

F=150N

(a) Work done by the force in moving the block 5m along the slope =Force x displacement in the direction of force
=150 x 5=750 J.

(b) The potential energy gained by the block U =mgh where h =3m
=200 x 3=600 J
he potential energy gained by the block

(c) The difference i.e., 150 J energy is used in doing work against friction between the block and the slope, which will appear as heat energy.

Solution 10.

Solution 11.

If the speed is halved (keeping the mass same), the kinetic energy decreases, it becomes one-fourth (since kinetic energy is proportional to the square of velocity).

Solution 13.

Solution 14.

Solution 15.

Solution 16.

Solution 17.

Solution 18.

Solution 19.

Solution 20.

Solution 21.

Solution 22.

Solution 23.

Exercise 2(C)

Solution 1.

According to the law of conservation of energy, energy can neither be created nor can it be destroyed. It only changes from one form to another.

Solution 2.

According to the law of conservation of mechanical energy, whenever there is an interchange between the potential energy and kinetic energy, the total mechanical energy (i.e., the sum of kinetic energy K and potential energy U) remains constant i.e., K + U = constant when there are no frictional forces.

Mechanical energy is conserved only when there are no frictional forces for a given system (i.e. between body and air). Thus, conservation of mechanical energy is strictly valid only in vacuum, where friction due to air is absent.

Solution 3.

Motion of a simple pendulum and motion of a freely falling body.

Solution 4.

Kinetic energy of the body changes to potential energy when it is thrown vertically upwards and its velocity becomes zero.

Solution 5.

(a) Potential energy
(b) Potential energy and kinetic energy
(c) Kinetic energy

Solution 6.

Let a body of mass m be falling freely under gravity from a height h above the ground (i.e., from position A). Let us now calculate the sum of kinetic energy K and potential energy U at various positions, say at A (at height h above the ground), at B (when it has fallen through a distance x) and at C (on the ground).

(i) At the position A (at height h above the ground):
Initial velocity of body= 0 (since body is at rest at A)
Hence, kinetic energy K =0
Potential energy U = mgh
Hence total energy = K + U= 0 + mgh =mgh—–(i)

(ii) At the position B (when it has fallen a distance x):

Thus from equation (i), (ii) and (iii), we note that the total mechanical energy i.e., the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy always remain constant at each point of motion and is equal to initial potential energy at height h.

Solution 7.

When the bob swings from A to B, the kinetic energy decreases and the potential energy becomes maximum at B where it is momentarily at rest.

From B to A, the potential energy again changes into the kinetic energy and the process gets repeated again and again.
Thus while swinging, the bob has only the potential energy at the extreme position B or C and only the kinetic energy at the resting position A. At an intermediate position (between A and B or between A and C), the bob has both the kinetic energy and potential energy, and the sum of both the energies (i.e., the total mechanical energy) remains constant throughout the swing.

Solution 8.

(a) At position A, pendulum has maximum kinetic energy and its potential energy is zero at its resting position. Hence, K=mgh and U= 0.
(b) At B, kinetic energy decreases and potential energy increases. Hence, K= 0 and U=mgh
(c) At C also, kinetic energy K= 0 and potential energy U=mgh.

Solution 9.

a) Extreme position: Potential energy
b) Mean position: Kinetic energy
c) Between mean and extreme: Both kinetic energy and potential energy

Solution 10.

The gradual decrease of useful energy due to friction etc. is called the degradation of energy.
Examples:

When we cook food over a fire, the major part of heat energy from the fuel is radiated out in the atmosphere. This radiated energy is of no use to us.
When electrical appliances are run by electricity, the major part of electrical energy is wasted in the form of heat energy.

Solution 1 (MCQ).

Potential energy of the ball at the highest point is mgh.
Hint: At the highest point, the ball momentarily comes to rest and thus its kinetic energy becomes zero.

Solution 2 (MCQ).

The sum of its kinetic and potential energy remains constant throughout the motion.
Hint: In accordance with law of conservation of mechanical energy, whenever there is an interchange between the potential energy and kinetic energy, the total mechanical energy remains constant.

Numericals

Solution 1.

Solution 2.

Solution 3.

(a)Potential energy of the ball =mgh
=2 x 10 x 5=100J
(b)Kinetic energy of the ball just before hitting the ground = Initial potential energy= mgh=2x10x5=100J
(c)Mechanical energy converts into heat and sound energy.

Solution 4.

Solution 5.

Solution 6.

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Frank ICSE Solutions for Class 9 Maths Simultaneous Linear Equations Ex 8.3

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Frank ICSE Solutions for Class 9 Maths Simultaneous Linear Equations Ex 8.3

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Frank ICSE Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 8 Simultaneous Linear Equations Ex 8.3

Answer 1.

Answer 2.

Answer 3.

Answer 4.

Answer 5.

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Answer 27.

Answer 28.

Answer 29.

Maths Physics Chemistry Biology

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Larson Algebra 2 Solutions Chapter 7 Powers Roots and Radicals Exercise 7.4

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Larson Algebra 2 Solutions Chapter 7 Powers Roots and Radicals Exercise 7.4

Algebra 2 Textbook Answers Larson

Answer 1e.

Answer 1gp.

Answer 1mr.

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Larson Algebra 2 Solutions Chapter 7 Powers Roots and Radicals Exercise 7.3

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Larson Algebra 2 Solutions Chapter 7 Powers Roots and Radicals Exercise 7.3

Algebra 2 Textbook Answers Larson

Answer 1e.

Answer 1gp.

Answer 1q.

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Answer 66e.

Answer 67e.

Answer 68e.

Answer 69e.

Answer 70e.

Answer 71e.

Answer 72e.

Answer 73e.

Answer 74e.

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Larson Algebra 2 Solutions Chapter 7 Powers Roots and Radicals Exercise 7.2

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Larson Algebra 2 Solutions Chapter 7 Powers Roots and Radicals Exercise 7.2

Algebra 2 Textbook Answers Larson

Answer 1e.

Answer 1gp.

Answer 2e.

Answer 2gp.

Answer 3e.

Answer 3gp.

Answer 4e.

Answer 4gp.

Answer 5e.

Answer 5gp.

Answer 6e.

Answer 6gp.

Answer 7e.

Answer 7gp.

Answer 8e.

Answer 8gp.

Answer 9e.

Answer 10e.

Answer 11e.

Answer 12e.

Answer 13e.

Answer 14e.

Answer 15e.

Answer 16e.

Answer 17e.

Answer 18e.

Answer 19e.

Answer 20e.

Answer 21e.

Answer 22e.

Answer 23e.

Answer 24e.

Answer 25e.

Answer 26e.

Answer 27e.

Answer 28e.

Answer 29e.

Answer 30e.

Answer 31e.

Answer 32e.

Answer 33e.

Answer 34e.

Answer 35e.

Answer 36e.

Answer 37e.

Answer 38e.

Answer 39e.

Answer 40e.

Answer 41e.

Answer 42e.

Answer 43e.

Answer 44e.

Answer 45e.

Answer 46e.

Answer 47e.

Answer 48e.

Answer 49e.

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Selina ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Maths – Compound Interest (Without using formula)

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Selina ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Maths – Compound Interest (Without using formula)

Selina ICSE Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 1 Compound Interest (Without using formula)

Exercise 1(A)

Solution 1:

Solution 2:

Solution 3:

Solution 4:

Solution 5:

Solution 6:

Solution 7:

Solution 8:

Solution 9:

Solution 10:

Solution 11:

Solution 12:
Let Rs.x be the sum.

Compound interest

The difference between the simple interest and compound interest at the rate of 8% per annum compounded annually should be ₹ 64 in 2 years.
⇒ ₹ 0.08x – ₹ 0.0864x = ₹ 64
⇒ ₹ 0.0064x = ₹ 64
⇒ x = ₹ 10000
Hence the sum is ₹ 10000.

Solution 13:

Solution 14:

Solution 15:

Solution 16:

Solution 17:

Solution 18:

Solution 19:

Amount = ₹ 30,400 + ₹ 3,040 + ₹ 4,000 = ₹ 37,440
The amount in Mrs. Kapoor’s account on 01/01/2012 is ₹ 37,440.

Solution 20:
(i) Let x% be the rate of interest charged.

The compound interest for the second year is ₹ 920
Rs. (80x + 1.20x²) = ₹ 920
⇒ 1.20x² + 80x – 920 = 0
⇒ 3x² + 200x – 2300 = 0
⇒ 3x² + 230x – 30x – 2300 = 0
⇒ x(3x + 230) -10(3x + 230) = 0
⇒ (3x + 230)(x – 10) = 0
⇒ x = -230/3 or x = 10
As rate of interest cannot be negative so x = 10.
Therefore the rate of interest charged is 10%.
(ii) For 1^st year:
Interest = ₹ 120x = ₹ 1200
For 2^nd year:
Interest = ₹ (80x + 1.20x²) = ₹ 920
The amount of debt at the end of the second year is equal to the addition of principal of the second year and interest for the two years.
Debt = ₹ 8,000 + ₹ 1200 + Rs.920 = ₹ 10,120

Exercise 1(B)

Solution 1:

Solution 2:
Difference between the C.I. of two successive half-years
= ₹ 760.50 – ₹ 650 = ₹ 110.50
₹ 110.50 is the interest of one half-year on ₹ 650

Solution 3:

Solution 4:

Solution 5:

Solution 6:

Solution 7:

Solution 8:

Solution 9:

Solution 10:
(i) The interest charged is compounded because if the interest charged is simple, then the interest for two years will be double of interest for one year which is not given.
(ii) C.I. for 1^st year= ₹ 720
C.I. for two years= ₹ 1,497.60
C.I. for 2^nd year = ₹ 1,497.60 – ₹ 720 = ₹ 777.60
Difference between the C.I. of two successive years
= ₹ 777.60 – ₹ 720
= ₹ 57.60
₹ 57.60 is the interest for one year on ₹ 720.

Solution 11:
(i) C.I. for second year = ₹ 864
C.I. for third year = ₹ 933.12
Difference between the C.I. of two successive years= ₹ 933.12 – ₹ 864= ₹ 69.12
₹ 69.12 is the interest of one year on ₹ 864

(ii) Let the sum of money= ₹ 100
Interest on it for 1st year= 8% of ₹ 100= ₹ 8
Amount in one year= ₹ 100+ ₹ 8= ₹ 108
Similarly, C.I. for 2nd year= 8% of ₹ 108 = ₹ 8.64
When C.I. for 2nd year is ₹ 8.64, sum = ₹ 100

Principal for 4th year= ₹ 10,000+₹ 800+₹ 864+₹ 933.12 = ₹ 12,597.12
Interest for 4th year= 8% of ₹ 12,597.12 = ₹ 1,007.77

Solution 12:
(i) Amount in three years = ₹ 20,160
Amount in four years = ₹ 24,192
Difference between the amounts of two successive years
= ₹ 24,192 – ₹ 20,160= ₹ 4,032
⇒ ₹ 4,032 is the interest of one year on ₹ 20,160

(ii) Let amount in two years = ₹ 100
And amount in three years = ₹ 100+ 20% of ₹ 100
= ₹ 100+ ₹ 20
= ₹ 120
When amount in 3 years is ₹ 120, amount in two years = ₹ 100

(iii) Amount in 5 years = ₹ 24,192+ 20% of ₹ 24,192
= ₹ 24,192 +₹ 4,838.40
= ₹ 29,030.40
Solution 13:

(ii)The total interest paid in two years = ₹ 350 + ₹ 560 = ₹ 910
(iii) The total amount of money paid in two years to clear the debt
= ₹ 8,000+ ₹ 910
= ₹ 8,910

Solution 14:

Solution 15:

Solution 16:

Solution 17:
(i) Difference between depreciation in value between the first and second years = ₹ 4,000 – ₹ 3,600 = ₹ 400
⇒ Depreciation of one year on ₹ 4,000 = ₹ 400

(ii) Let ₹ 100 be the original cost of the machine.
Depreciation during the 1st year = 10% of ₹ 100 = ₹ 10
When the values depreciates by ₹ 10 during the 1st year, Original cost = ₹ 100
⇒ When the depreciation during 1st year = ₹ 4,000
The original cost of the machine is ₹ 40,000.

(iii) Total depreciation during all the three years
= Depreciation in value during(1st year + 2nd year + 3rd year)
= ₹ 4,000 + ₹ 3,600 + 10% of (₹ 40,000 – ₹ 7,600)
= ₹ 4,000 + ₹ 3,600 + ₹ 3,240
= ₹ 10,840
The cost of the machine at the end of the third year
= ₹ 40,000 – ₹ 10,840 = ₹ 29,160.

Exercise 1(C)

Solution 1:
Let the sum of money be ₹ 100
Rate of interest = 10% p.a.
Interest at the end of 1st year = 10% of ₹ 100 = ₹ 10
Amount at the end of 1st year = ₹ 100 + ₹ 10 = ₹ 110
Interest at the end of 2nd year = 10% of ₹ 110 = ₹ 11
Amount at the end of 2nd year = ₹ 110 + ₹ 11 = ₹ 121
Interest at the end of 3rd year = 10% of ₹ 121 = ₹ 12.10
Sum of interest of 1st year and 3rd year = ₹ 10 + ₹ 12.10 = ₹ 22.10
When sum of both interest is ₹ 22.10, principal is ₹ 100
When sum of both interest is ₹ 1,768, principal = \(\frac { 100\times 1768 }{ 22.10 }\) ₹ = ₹ 8,000

Solution 2:

Solution 3:

Solution 4:
Cost of machine= ₹ 32,000
Depreciation rate every year = 5%
∴ Cost of machine after one year = ₹ 32,000- 5% of ₹ 32,000
= ₹ 32,000- ₹ 1,600
= ₹ 30,400
Cost of machine after two year = ₹ 30,400- 5% of ₹ 30,400
= ₹ 30,400- ₹ 1,520
= ₹ 28,880
∴ Total depreciation in two years = ₹ 32,000 – ₹ 28,880 = ₹ 3,120.

Solution 5:
Let the sum of money be ₹ 100.
Rate of interest= 10%p.a.
Interest at the end of 1st year = 10% of ₹ 100= ₹ 10
Amount at the end of 1st year = ₹ 100 + ₹ 10= ₹ 110
Interest at the end of 2nd year = 10% of ₹ 110 = ₹ 11
Amount at the end of 2nd year = ₹ 110 + ₹ 11= ₹ 121
Interest at the end of 3rd year = 10% of ₹ 121= ₹ 12.10
∴ Difference between interest of 3rd year and 1st year = ₹ 12.10 – ₹ 10 = ₹ 2.10
When difference is ₹ 2.10, principal is ₹ 100.
When difference is ₹ 252, principal = \(\frac { 100\times 252 }{ 2.10 }\) = ₹ 12,000.

Solution 6:
(i) C.I. for 2nd year = ₹ 9,680
C.I. for 3rd year = ₹ 10,648
Difference in both interests = ₹ 10,648 – ₹ 9,680 = ₹ 968

(ii) Interest for 4th year = ₹ 10,648+ 10% of ₹ 10,648
= ₹ 10,648 + ₹ 1,064.80
= ₹ 11,712.80
(iii) Let principal be ₹ 100
Rate of interest= 10% p.a.
Interest at the end of 1st year = 10% of ₹ 100= ₹ 10
Amount at the end of 1st year = ₹ 100 + ₹ 10= ₹ 110
Interest at the end of 2nd year = 10% of ₹ 110 = ₹ 11
When C.I. for 2nd year is ₹ 11, principal is ₹ 100
When C.I. for 2nd year is ₹ 9,680, principal = ₹ \(\frac { 100\times 9680 }{ 11 }\) = ₹ 88,000
Interest for 1st year = 10% of ₹ 88,000 = ₹ 8,800.

Solution 7:
(i) Amount in two years = ₹ 9,680
Amount in three years = ₹ 10,648
∴ Difference in both amounts = ₹ 10,648 – ₹ 9,680 = ₹ 968

(ii) Amount in 4 years = ₹ 10,648+ 10% of ₹ 10,648
= ₹ 10,648 + ₹ 1,064.80
= ₹ 11,712.80
(iii) Let principal be ₹ 100
Rate of interest= 10%p.a.
Interest at the end of 1st year = 10% of ₹ 100= ₹ 10
Amount at the end of 1st year = ₹ 100 + ₹ 10= ₹ 110
Interest at the end of 2nd year = 10% of ₹ 110 = ₹ 11
Amount at the end of 2nd year = ₹ 110 +₹ 11= ₹ 121
When amount at the end of 2nd year is ₹ 121, principal is ₹ 100
When amount at the end of 2nd year is ₹ 9,680, principal
= ₹ \(\frac { 100\times 9680 }{ 121 }\)
= ₹ 8,000
∴ Amount in one year = ₹ 8,000+10% of ₹ 8,000
= ₹ 8,000 + ₹ 800
= ₹ 8,800

Solution 8:

Solution 9:

Solution 10:
(i) The population of a town increases by 10% every 3 years.
The population of the town after 3 years
= 72,600 + 10% of 72,600
= 72,600 + 7,260
= 79,860
The population of the tower after 6 years
= 79,860 + 10% of 79,860
= 79,860 + 7,986
= 87,846
The population of the town after 6 years is 87,846.
(ii) Let x be the population of the town 6 years ago.
The present population of the town is 72,600.
The population of the town 3 years ago
= x + 10% of x
= x + 0.10x
= 1.10x
The present population of the town
= 1.10x + 10% of 1.10x
⇒ 72,600 = 1.10x + 0.110x
⇒ 72,600 = 1.210x
⇒ x = 60,000
The population of the town before 6 years ago was 60,000.

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Frank ICSE Solutions for Class 9 Maths Linear Equations Ex 7.3

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Frank ICSE Solutions for Class 9 Maths Linear Equations Ex 7.3

Download Formulae Handbook For ICSE Class 9 and 10

Frank ICSE Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 7 Linear Equations Ex 7.3

Answer 1.

Answer 2.

Answer 3.

Answer 4.

Answer 5.

Answer 6.

Answer 7.

Answer 8.

Answer 9.

Answer 10.

Answer 11.

Answer 12.

Answer 13.

Maths Physics Chemistry Biology

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Mridang Class 2 English Worksheet Chapter 5 Come Back Soon

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NCERT Class 2 English Mridang Worksheet Chapter 5 Come Back Soon

Mridang Class 2 English Worksheets

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