<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846</id><updated>2024-11-05T18:59:30.892-08:00</updated><category term="Chemistry"/><category term="Physics"/><category term="Maths"/><category term="Books"/><category term="Industrial"/><category term="News"/><category term="CNOTES"/><category term="MNotes"/><category term="PNotes"/><category term="Electric Field"/><category term="MBooks"/><category term="Others"/><category term="Air pollution"/><category term="CBooks"/><category term="PBooks"/><category term="Trigonometric"/><category term="papers"/><category term="English"/><category term="cGenral"/><category term="Cothers"/><category term="Trigonometry"/><category term="Calculas"/><category term="Capacitance"/><category term="Capacitor"/><category term="Common"/><category term="Electric field strength"/><category term="Electronics"/><category term="Equipotential surface"/><category term="Gauss&#39;s Law"/><category term="Leadership"/><category term="Limits"/><category term="MOE"/><category term="Magnetic Field"/><category term="ModelPapeers"/><category term="PBasic"/><category term="Pastpapers"/><category term="Physical"/><category term="Pothers"/><category term="RC"/><category term="RCC"/><category term="Radiation"/><category term="Sound"/><category term="Statics"/><category term="Tamil"/><category term="Tips"/><category term="Transistor"/><category term="Tricks"/><category term="Trigonometric Formulas"/><category term="Victorymust"/><title type='text'>Learn MPC</title><subtitle type='html'>Learn Maths Physics Chemistry , Edu For All</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false'/><author><name>will</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03741523680179511260</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>71</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-7100126506604933409</id><published>2016-07-12T21:44:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2016-07-12T21:44:58.579-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ModelPapeers"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="MOE"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="papers"/><title type='text'>G.C.E (A/L) Model paper Ministry of Education Srilanka </title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Like us on fb.com/learnmpc to reach us..&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;If you are new to Advanced level we suggest you to do the past-papers first and continue to search for the model papers. even if &amp;nbsp;you are fresh to A/L you can do it when you finished doing past papers. It is no problem in practicing model papers. Because you have (good) enough time. But you have to understand something. By doing past paper completely with a good understanding in explanations of the concepts, you could able to score A . In addition to get extra 5 or 15 marks, there the model papers come.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidfs5lvThBQ1mka29eBerHqrxziFMXzdUIsCLNiWrmZnY2iEktWjuR7j9LjNcNphiMznWAGjcFbEvpWsgat10B2bK810LRlmcUHxczUHfY-p8D9xEj3XiIrUIOw_c-juRkDj184R-UZxs/s1600/G.C.E+ALmodel+paper+2016+G.C.E+%2528AL%2529+%2528model+paper%2529+for+2016.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;360&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidfs5lvThBQ1mka29eBerHqrxziFMXzdUIsCLNiWrmZnY2iEktWjuR7j9LjNcNphiMznWAGjcFbEvpWsgat10B2bK810LRlmcUHxczUHfY-p8D9xEj3XiIrUIOw_c-juRkDj184R-UZxs/s640/G.C.E+ALmodel+paper+2016+G.C.E+%2528AL%2529+%2528model+paper%2529+for+2016.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Most of the students gets greedy and they just go for the model papers which give them some extra marks. But they don&#39;t practice the past papers well enough. So they loose most of their time and marks by being greedy. &amp;nbsp;It&#39;s fully waste. Some model papers are out of syllabus and prtends like it&#39;s a good paper. actually it&#39;s not that.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;So what you have to do is, first practice the past paper completely until you get the happiness (from meeting a need or reaching a goal)s. Then do model paper as you wish.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Here are some papers&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ministry of Education, Srilanka &amp;nbsp;for the general education have given the G.C.E (A/L) (model paper) for 2016 &amp;nbsp;in Tamil medium for those students who are doing G.C.E (A/L) examinations this year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Those students who are doing G.C.E Advance Level examination and those who sarch for papers could download their G.C.E A/L examination model paper by Clicking below Links&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;All the Best for your &amp;nbsp;G.C.E A/L Examinations!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_xluxtdWm5VMFNPaWpNbTliTmM/view?usp=sharing&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;G.C.E A/L &amp;nbsp;Biology part 1 &amp;amp; Part 2 Model Paper 2016&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_xluxtdWm5VUzhFa3psNlRLLXM/view?usp=sharing&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;G.C.E A/L &amp;nbsp;Biology part 1 &amp;amp; Part 2 – Answer Script 2016&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_xluxtdWm5VTnNkSzIyVkJtcnc&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;G.C.E A/L &amp;nbsp;Chemistry part 1 &amp;amp; Part 2 Model Paper 2016&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_xluxtdWm5VRThHbloxX3hVVHM&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;G.C.E A/L &amp;nbsp;Chemistry part 1 &amp;amp; Part 2 – Answer Script 2016&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_xluxtdWm5VS3ZDV3E3bVE3a1U&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;G.C.E A/L &amp;nbsp;Physics part 1 &amp;amp; Part 2 Model Paper 2016&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_xluxtdWm5VeVplZVB6NHJTZlk&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;G.C.E A/L &amp;nbsp;Physics part 1 &amp;amp; Part 2 – Answer Script 2016&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_xluxtdWm5VNVIxNzBPcmg0NFU&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;G.C.E A/L &amp;nbsp;Combined Maths part 1 &amp;amp; Part 2 Model Paper 2016&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_xluxtdWm5VZE1wWDBRVGxyUE0&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;G.C.E A/L &amp;nbsp;Combined Maths 1 &amp;amp; Part 2 – Answer Script 2016&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/7100126506604933409/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/gce-al-model-paper-ministry-of.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/7100126506604933409'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/7100126506604933409'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/gce-al-model-paper-ministry-of.html' title='G.C.E (A/L) Model paper Ministry of Education Srilanka '/><author><name>will</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03741523680179511260</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidfs5lvThBQ1mka29eBerHqrxziFMXzdUIsCLNiWrmZnY2iEktWjuR7j9LjNcNphiMznWAGjcFbEvpWsgat10B2bK810LRlmcUHxczUHfY-p8D9xEj3XiIrUIOw_c-juRkDj184R-UZxs/s72-c/G.C.E+ALmodel+paper+2016+G.C.E+%2528AL%2529+%2528model+paper%2529+for+2016.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-7352188374784882734</id><published>2016-07-12T09:44:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2016-07-12T09:44:41.007-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="papers"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Pastpapers"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Physics"/><title type='text'>Physics PastPapers</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;We must have to do questions as much as possible. Specially you must be very through in the passpaper question Every final exam paper will be almost exactly like the pass papers. Most students disn&#39;t practice well enough. Because some of them think that doing past paper again and again make them (memorized) the question. But it gain you some experiences. &amp;nbsp;you will be so good at the past paper then the final paper also like that .One of the most important advantage of doing past paper again and again is, you will understand the art of creating questions. In other words, you will understand how the questions are made of! So that you will get the ability to create new types of question. You can get to know the concepts of the questions. In physics we should understand the concepts and ve to do quickly. Time is constant for u when u were in exam. So You must quickly understand the concept and do it in a better way!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZM3ZHn2Tv3dHYDvoAoCTfc7EKfymW034Y9VhibxFB70uj6jyPs2DcZIugAtu6vNQi7CKj4dH_fCBbyzDbbYib5pz-z3HVZ0phHG_eHC0IgQgk2uXQFcGfYXbPEY1s_WmeWypsIuZCoLQ/s1600/PastPapers+.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;360&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZM3ZHn2Tv3dHYDvoAoCTfc7EKfymW034Y9VhibxFB70uj6jyPs2DcZIugAtu6vNQi7CKj4dH_fCBbyzDbbYib5pz-z3HVZ0phHG_eHC0IgQgk2uXQFcGfYXbPEY1s_WmeWypsIuZCoLQ/s640/PastPapers+.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;We have given some physics pass paper For u! We hope it &amp;nbsp;will be help you in many ways . and please do it and feel free to ask help from us.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Download the papers link given below!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.e-thaksalawa.moe.gov.lk/moodle/pluginfile.php/27403/mod_resource/content/2/tal_phy_pp_2002_1.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Physics Pastpaper Part 1 2002&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.e-thaksalawa.moe.gov.lk/moodle/pluginfile.php/27404/mod_resource/content/2/tal_phy_pp_2003_1.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Physics Pastpaper Part 1 2003&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.e-thaksalawa.moe.gov.lk/moodle/pluginfile.php/27406/mod_resource/content/2/tal_phy_pp_2006_1.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Physics Pastpaper Part 1 2004&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.e-thaksalawa.moe.gov.lk/moodle/pluginfile.php/27406/mod_resource/content/2/tal_phy_pp_2006_1.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Physics Pastpaper Part 1 2006&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.e-thaksalawa.moe.gov.lk/moodle/pluginfile.php/27407/mod_resource/content/2/tal_phy_pp_2009_1.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Physics Pastpaper Part 1 2009&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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Try it and give your comments.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/7352188374784882734/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/physics-pastpapers.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/7352188374784882734'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/7352188374784882734'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/physics-pastpapers.html' title='Physics PastPapers'/><author><name>will</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03741523680179511260</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZM3ZHn2Tv3dHYDvoAoCTfc7EKfymW034Y9VhibxFB70uj6jyPs2DcZIugAtu6vNQi7CKj4dH_fCBbyzDbbYib5pz-z3HVZ0phHG_eHC0IgQgk2uXQFcGfYXbPEY1s_WmeWypsIuZCoLQ/s72-c/PastPapers+.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-3884571131674919059</id><published>2016-07-12T02:41:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2016-07-12T02:41:19.979-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Air pollution"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Industrial"/><title type='text'>Depletion of ozone layer</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
• There is a layer of ozone in the stratosphere. The ozone layer prevents high energy UV&lt;br /&gt;
light from reaching the troposphere.&lt;br /&gt;
• Some reactions involving O2(g) and O3(g) are;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrTshi62WDaHbFd83b-rQYgeqgy_D94FSOxrmkfPo2nAKQBsn3Zirx5t0JnOPaXO88sFCxbo9LpllnwYBbfn9IFDP23eY_5d5vWx_e7ecQZ3r1eXHGh4ZhaQsXDk7e-TBSa7UW95oHXl4/s1600/Depletion+of+ozone+layer.PNG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrTshi62WDaHbFd83b-rQYgeqgy_D94FSOxrmkfPo2nAKQBsn3Zirx5t0JnOPaXO88sFCxbo9LpllnwYBbfn9IFDP23eY_5d5vWx_e7ecQZ3r1eXHGh4ZhaQsXDk7e-TBSa7UW95oHXl4/s1600/Depletion+of+ozone+layer.PNG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
There is a natural balance which keeps the ozone layer at a constant thickness.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOnCOF4aQ3GYWLKsDBCxS7Y8RIijV254ivQDIWW7yN84G050nK7S_ANc66RVgeVIViEFxfdbUkaYqv10oX04xn2N_Buf7Yy_wASfyrIsKwM_wScwmMkRGyWTjcFszN6F6C7bKf2_0JI6w/s1600/Depletion+of+ozone+layer.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;438&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOnCOF4aQ3GYWLKsDBCxS7Y8RIijV254ivQDIWW7yN84G050nK7S_ANc66RVgeVIViEFxfdbUkaYqv10oX04xn2N_Buf7Yy_wASfyrIsKwM_wScwmMkRGyWTjcFszN6F6C7bKf2_0JI6w/s640/Depletion+of+ozone+layer.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
• Ozone is destroyed by reactions with and other free radicals. These radicals&lt;br /&gt;
act as catalysts and destroy thousands of O3 molecules. The catalysed destruction of&lt;br /&gt;
ozone in the stratosphere is known as ozone layer depletion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2w7sy9Qg6EY9f1ychws_6YqPxsAQfur0_pLM5WBexcY5ixPrIGuN6pWNFP_R-vt_i3h645_l7m-8SasMzLh8IJyDyMLbyLHdyZZgzN8DHPHgnWHY3T3x9r5Bt69VufskzJgE1Q8CHBNc/s1600/Depletion+of+ozone+layer+%25283%2529.PNG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2w7sy9Qg6EY9f1ychws_6YqPxsAQfur0_pLM5WBexcY5ixPrIGuN6pWNFP_R-vt_i3h645_l7m-8SasMzLh8IJyDyMLbyLHdyZZgzN8DHPHgnWHY3T3x9r5Bt69VufskzJgE1Q8CHBNc/s1600/Depletion+of+ozone+layer+%25283%2529.PNG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
• Chlorine radicals from the chlorofluorocarbon have been recognized as a major contribution&lt;br /&gt;
to ozone layer depletion . This chloroflurocarbons are stable in the atmosphere but produce&lt;br /&gt;
radicals in stratosphere with UV radiation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4_4eVxT539eskLkN7xzs9ipW3KsVogkukUuRVQFh4ecrY7-Ph9hUk-0PgSPSvCiyQE3Ki-IC4Z6oGYin6oxT0X7IKzf2NEI2FKmhfLLwvx8c3-D3POGvX8grg6o4tNvNEdfdvYGgWNdQ/s1600/Depletion+of+ozone+layer+%25282%2529.PNG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;98&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4_4eVxT539eskLkN7xzs9ipW3KsVogkukUuRVQFh4ecrY7-Ph9hUk-0PgSPSvCiyQE3Ki-IC4Z6oGYin6oxT0X7IKzf2NEI2FKmhfLLwvx8c3-D3POGvX8grg6o4tNvNEdfdvYGgWNdQ/s320/Depletion+of+ozone+layer+%25282%2529.PNG&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
• There is a strong connection between UV radiation and the cataract formation as well as&lt;br /&gt;
incidence of both non-fatal and fatal skin cancer in humans. The ozone layer protects us.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/3884571131674919059/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/depletion-of-ozone-layer.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/3884571131674919059'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/3884571131674919059'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/depletion-of-ozone-layer.html' title='Depletion of ozone layer'/><author><name>will</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03741523680179511260</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMyQtGLOhJo8YQ2Lw1PnTfCm7ZplSpQqJRXDwMuRDbMnqb5qUQ_bTQ0GP-zs45CJqxvNqnW9J-EAVFm695oK5dAAdKDYcebzwTYSd3l_s8IPuMKoDK8a9pvw5_-6-58rWAj-Us0c-LnD0/s72-c/Depletion+of+ozone+layer+%25282%2529.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-7680701912700781991</id><published>2016-07-12T02:31:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2016-07-12T02:31:17.370-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Air pollution"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Industrial"/><title type='text'>Photochemical smog </title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUbDDNT_wwGjz13lYK6BvF1D73Sumqjpainln8taamIVja4RKelB7mvEzksjQ5r69pSstoW9XnLekvVqgPaSTkIcjGM1hsnU3IkTXVNuuwnSoo0SJDoOFdSquD2AYI6tUmJbaI3U0WQDI/s1600/Photochemical+smog.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;223&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUbDDNT_wwGjz13lYK6BvF1D73Sumqjpainln8taamIVja4RKelB7mvEzksjQ5r69pSstoW9XnLekvVqgPaSTkIcjGM1hsnU3IkTXVNuuwnSoo0SJDoOFdSquD2AYI6tUmJbaI3U0WQDI/s400/Photochemical+smog.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• Motor vehicle emissions contain NOx and unburnt hydrocarbons (CxHy). They are converted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;to ozone, aldehydes, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), peroxy benzoyl nitrate (PBN), etc. in the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;presence of sunlight and temperatures above 15 0C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5csVgY_vOxA1NEVKe9ak174XnbV3YADOTgWXpu3SUbHEQp0ivRWkT6Oe7k5bf8phVpPe69WvREwNTB-mJuyz1kiY_zJzTU_TzFVT4KBwamtVznjOarfJf7cjVa4YbP6NvikcC7BgGd4I/s1600/Photochemical_smog.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5csVgY_vOxA1NEVKe9ak174XnbV3YADOTgWXpu3SUbHEQp0ivRWkT6Oe7k5bf8phVpPe69WvREwNTB-mJuyz1kiY_zJzTU_TzFVT4KBwamtVznjOarfJf7cjVa4YbP6NvikcC7BgGd4I/s400/Photochemical_smog.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• This is known as photochemical smog as those chemicals are formed in the presence of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;sunlight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• Smog is a yellowish haze which reduces visibility and causes eye irritation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• The word smog is used to describe the combination of smoke and fog.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• The starting reaction of photochemical smog is dissociation of NO2 to NO and ‘O’.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• The steps in the formation of a photochemical smog are given below.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(i) NO2 absorbs sunlight and undergoes photolysis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;$N{ O }_{ 2 }\longrightarrow NO+O$ .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(ii) The resulting atomic oxygen combines with ${ O }_{ 2 }$ molecules&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;a) to form ozone.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;$O+{ O }_{ 2 }+M\longrightarrow { O }_{ 3 }+M$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(M is known as third body which absorbs excess energy. M can be an airborne particle&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;or a gas.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;b) to form OH radicals.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;$O+{ H }_{ 2 }O\longrightarrow 2OH$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(iii) The resulting HO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;converts other airborne chemicals into radicals and they start a set of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;reactions to produce aldehydes, PAN, PBN, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Effects of photochemical smog are given below.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• Effects on human health and comfort : Photochemical smog affects the respiratory system.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;It causes coughing, wheezing, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• Damage to materials : Ozone causes rubber to deteriorate through fission of the double&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;bond and also reduces the quality of fabrics and bleaches dyes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• Effects on the atmosphere : Aerosol particles scatter light and reduce the visibility.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• Toxicity to plants : Most of the photochemical smog products are toxic to plants. Plant&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;growth is inhibited by the prodcts from photochemical smog. This&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;can effect the food production.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/7680701912700781991/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/photochemical-smog.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/7680701912700781991'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/7680701912700781991'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/photochemical-smog.html' title='Photochemical smog '/><author><name>will</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03741523680179511260</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUbDDNT_wwGjz13lYK6BvF1D73Sumqjpainln8taamIVja4RKelB7mvEzksjQ5r69pSstoW9XnLekvVqgPaSTkIcjGM1hsnU3IkTXVNuuwnSoo0SJDoOFdSquD2AYI6tUmJbaI3U0WQDI/s72-c/Photochemical+smog.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-7652855684565653051</id><published>2016-07-12T02:23:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2016-07-12T02:23:14.365-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Air pollution"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Industrial"/><title type='text'>Αcid rain</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9LY-mGD9B33cwkn-zbytPAB02OvC5DLkQLk14M1QxyzY-NEdVx5S6h9q885ez2ULMsd-ZFDztl2Ex7mdD3yLL_E5NFtAMCmizDHIEcOR_yFpp4-XcrylhWWFS05A9teb5mznMcR_zYNo/s1600/acid-rain+-+Copy+-+Copy+-+Copy.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Αcid rain&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;201&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9LY-mGD9B33cwkn-zbytPAB02OvC5DLkQLk14M1QxyzY-NEdVx5S6h9q885ez2ULMsd-ZFDztl2Ex7mdD3yLL_E5NFtAMCmizDHIEcOR_yFpp4-XcrylhWWFS05A9teb5mznMcR_zYNo/s400/acid-rain+-+Copy+-+Copy+-+Copy.jpg&quot; title=&quot;Αcid rain&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Αcid rain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Acidic gases in the atmosphere dissolves in water to contribute to the acidity. Two important&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;factors are&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu6ZH08b6mGEzZgZlqAeU-TKwb8ZQWn2On1tMPTamexEw0oYsw0k-2uX7q98AOVw51gjbNg91cDXL-j6aUYB7YyXvqg_p-MZS9VMDzyHqtGlXjb4LEZeysaQs033Fx_b2t_qpF4zYy2Co/s1600/acid-rain+-+Copy+-+Copy.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu6ZH08b6mGEzZgZlqAeU-TKwb8ZQWn2On1tMPTamexEw0oYsw0k-2uX7q98AOVw51gjbNg91cDXL-j6aUYB7YyXvqg_p-MZS9VMDzyHqtGlXjb4LEZeysaQs033Fx_b2t_qpF4zYy2Co/s640/acid-rain+-+Copy+-+Copy.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(i) Dissolution of acidic gases in water&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(ii) Strength of the resulting acid&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;In this context even though CO2 levels are high, their contribution to the acidity is very low&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(pH 5.1 - 5.8) and it is not considered as acid rain. But the SOx and NOx even though they&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;are present in smaller quantities have a higher contribution resulting in a pH of 4 - 5.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;• Reactions of atmospheric SO2 (g)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(i)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;$S{ O }_{ 2 }(g)+H2O(l)\longrightarrow { H }_{ 2 }S{ O }_{ 3 }(aq)$ &amp;nbsp; .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;${ H }_{ 2 }S{ O }_{ 3 }(aq)+{ H }_{ 2 }O(l)\longrightarrow { H }_{ 3 }{ O }^{ + }(aq)+\quad HS{ O }_{ 3 }^{ - }(aq)$.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;$HS{ O }_{ 3 }^{ - }(aq)+{ H }_{ 2 }O(l)\longrightarrow { H }_{ 3 }{ O }^{ + }(aq)+S{ O }_{ 3 }^{ 2- }(aq)$.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(ii) Oxidants in the atmosphere can oxidize SO2 to SO3.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;$S{ O }_{ 2 }\longrightarrow S{ O }_{ 3 }$ .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O2(g), O(g), OH(g) and peroxides can serve as oxidants. Some salts can catalyse the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;oxidation. Then SO3(g) dissolves in H2O to form H2SO4.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;(iii) Both SO2 and the oxidant (normally O2) can dissolve in a rain drop. Rain drop facilitates&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;the oxidation process by bringing two chemicals together.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;$2S{ O }_{ 2 }(aq)+2{ H }_{ 2 }O(l)+{ O }_{ 2 }(aq)\longrightarrow 2H2SO4(aq)$ &amp;nbsp;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;$H2S{ O }_{ 4 }(aq)+2{ H }_{ 2 }O(l)\longrightarrow 2{ H }_{ 3 }{ O }^{ + }(aq)+S{ O }_{ 4 }^{ 2- }(aq)$ .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;• Similarly NOx reacts in the atmosphere.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;$2NO(g)+{ O }_{ 2 }(g)\longrightarrow 2N{ O }_{ 2 }(g)$ .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;$4N{ O }_{ 2 }(aq)+2{ H }_{ 2 }O(l)+{ O }_{ 2 }(aq)\longrightarrow 4HN{ O }_{ 3 }(aq)$.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;$HNO3(aq)\longrightarrow { H }^{ + }(aq)+N{ O }_{ 3 }^{ - }(aq)$ .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq07XvKJnNbgSYw6g0mQ9vV_Zbq8W8SRjA4LDU6zuosZMM84eu6lNBxACQlwbVRXjj7XdZXgGNsGT31UBjOL57c2f66Px15cqSiABX94B_zaXtc0_EAtBHS2NOi0kWV279yXnaN8Qrk4Q/s1600/acidrain.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;384&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq07XvKJnNbgSYw6g0mQ9vV_Zbq8W8SRjA4LDU6zuosZMM84eu6lNBxACQlwbVRXjj7XdZXgGNsGT31UBjOL57c2f66Px15cqSiABX94B_zaXtc0_EAtBHS2NOi0kWV279yXnaN8Qrk4Q/s640/acidrain.gif&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• Acid rain damages plants and causes the death of fish in the lakes. Acids such as sulphuric&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;acid and nitric acid dissolve aluminium from aluminosilicate materials of soil giving free Al3+ to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;water. It interferes with the operation of fish gills.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• Acid rain water, draining through soils washes out nutrients and liberates aluminum ions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The roots of the trees may take up the aluminum ions instead of essential nutrients&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;eg. ${ Ca }_{ &amp;nbsp;}^{ 2+ }$ &amp;nbsp;and ${ Mg}_{ &amp;nbsp;}^{ 2+ }$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Change of the composition of earth’s surface due to acid rain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;• Dolomite, limestone or marble are soluble in acidic water.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;• Under mild acidic conditions;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;$CaC{ O }_{ 3 }(s)+{ H }^{ + }(aq)\longrightarrow C{ a }^{ 2+ }(aq)+HC{ O }_{ 3 }^{ - }(aq)$ .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;$MgC{ O }_{ 3 }(s)+2{ H }^{ + }(aq)\longrightarrow M{ g }^{ 2+ }(aq)+{ H }_{ 2 }O(l)+C{ O }_{ 2 }(g)$ .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;$CaC{ O }_{ 3 }.MgC{ O }_{ 3 }(s)+4{ H }^{ + }(aq)\longrightarrow C{ a }^{ 2+ }(aq)+M{ g }^{ 2+ }(aq)+2{ H }_{ 2 }O(l)+2C{ O }_{ 2 }(g)$ .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Here, insoluble substances become soluble.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Under strong acidic conditions;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;$CaC{ O }_{ 3 }(s)+{ 2H }^{ + }(aq)\longrightarrow C{ a }^{ 2+ }(aq)+HC{ O }_{ 3 }^{ - }(aq)+H{ O }_{ 2 }O(l)$ .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;$MgC{ O }_{ 3 }(s)+2{ H }^{ + }(aq)\longrightarrow M{ g }^{ 2+ }(aq)+{ H }_{ 2 }O(l)+C{ O }_{ 2 }(g)+H{ O }_{ 2 }O(l)$ .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;$CaC{ O }_{ 3 }.MgC{ O }_{ 3 }(s)+4{ H }^{ + }(aq)\longrightarrow C{ a }^{ 2+ }(aq)+M{ g }^{ 2+ }(aq)+2{ H }_{ 2 }O(l)+2C{ O }_{ 2 }(g)+H{ O }_{ 2 }O(l)$ .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• Many other salts in the rocks and sand also dissolve in the acid rain. Soil becomes gradually&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;more acidic in the natural course of events. Cations are removed from the soil solution by&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;plants and replaced by H+ ions. Minerals such as sulphides are oxidized to form acids. At low&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;pH, hydrogen ions displace other cations from soil. Not only Al3+, Mg2+, Ca2+ but heavy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;metal ions are also displaced by H+ ions. The leaving of these ions deprives plants of the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;nutrients required for healthy growth. The acidic water passing through the soil, causes to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;leaching Al3+ and other minerals and also weathering of rocks. The Ca2+ and Mg2+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;concentration increase in water, and hardness of water also increases. The acidity, salinity and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;nitrogen concentration also increase insurface water. Concentration of the heavy metal ions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;also increases in the surface water.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/7652855684565653051/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/cid-rain.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/7652855684565653051'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/7652855684565653051'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/cid-rain.html' title='Αcid rain'/><author><name>will</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03741523680179511260</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9LY-mGD9B33cwkn-zbytPAB02OvC5DLkQLk14M1QxyzY-NEdVx5S6h9q885ez2ULMsd-ZFDztl2Ex7mdD3yLL_E5NFtAMCmizDHIEcOR_yFpp4-XcrylhWWFS05A9teb5mznMcR_zYNo/s72-c/acid-rain+-+Copy+-+Copy+-+Copy.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-4595649614903534057</id><published>2016-07-12T02:12:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2016-07-12T02:32:15.652-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Air pollution"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Industrial"/><title type='text'>Global warming</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• When the greenhouse gases exceed their permissible level. Hence, the temperature of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;the atmosphere increases. This is called “Global Warming”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• CO2(g) plays the key role in this global warming. Gases such as NOx and CFCs are&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;the other examples. Though the CFC levels are low they have a longer residence time&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;and they have a high efficiency of absorbing IR radiations. Therefore, their contribution&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;is high.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO2z0M-iud87VPdaVLh62scqfLCQHgNF9cYxvv8aRRiRiR1veSaSrh-OFy-zVU__XOSHfUFdEkeGYqDcmrcmvrdrdJdMmzoXSi1AwwuDnNvpAVbOgPv5J5N2J7EY5v8qJgVyc2nqofqPc/s1600/greenhouse-effect-article.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;255&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO2z0M-iud87VPdaVLh62scqfLCQHgNF9cYxvv8aRRiRiR1veSaSrh-OFy-zVU__XOSHfUFdEkeGYqDcmrcmvrdrdJdMmzoXSi1AwwuDnNvpAVbOgPv5J5N2J7EY5v8qJgVyc2nqofqPc/s400/greenhouse-effect-article.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• The results of global warming include melting of polar ice caps, sinking of low lying&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;countries due to the thermal expansion of sea water, desertification due to loss of soil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;moisture, drying of fresh water reserviors, changes in biodiversity and weather patterns.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• A significant amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves in water. Thus, it reduces&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;the contribution of CO2 to global warming. However, with the increase of temperature&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;dissolution of carbon dioxide is reduced and dissolved carbon dioxide returns to the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;atmosphere.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• Increasing CO2 level in the atmosphere increases the photosynthesis. This is a positive&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;effect of global warming.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• As far as Sri Lanka is concerned global warming can have a higher effect because we&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;are an island situated closer to the equator.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/4595649614903534057/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/global-warming.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/4595649614903534057'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/4595649614903534057'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/global-warming.html' title='Global warming'/><author><name>will</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03741523680179511260</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGMsK-GGbRzOjigS-LGYr4wI7-KtvK9zmNohaB1vDHznAnHlL_B4jclbNyJi1LmvJNMXXV-jrUGbI2zZbuqIofxoyutm9DlYkH9rkR3UkR8-o7OIiBEHyRXHOt4YgMG7HSOu1XzOllNRo/s72-c/Global_Warming.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-9006767777134667087</id><published>2016-07-11T23:20:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2016-07-12T02:44:28.514-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Chemistry"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Industrial"/><title type='text'>Understanding the problems due to air pollution</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieGEA-30GJ37fZIvqyX3gTen_8YFR2iY5FIFcMZoMw6-5O3PdiauqSAqeUv4UCDtkTKpQKyZmTrT6akRU-vpX-0_Xs2elcFrzQUrkHP4ICnw0HSswcPq_Qwr_sgTojb1J2Y1zvrmF8DBA/s1600/Understanding+the+problems+due+to+air+pollution.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;215&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieGEA-30GJ37fZIvqyX3gTen_8YFR2iY5FIFcMZoMw6-5O3PdiauqSAqeUv4UCDtkTKpQKyZmTrT6akRU-vpX-0_Xs2elcFrzQUrkHP4ICnw0HSswcPq_Qwr_sgTojb1J2Y1zvrmF8DBA/s400/Understanding+the+problems+due+to+air+pollution.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• CO(g),, H2S(g), SO2(g), SO3(g), NO(g), NO2(g) and CO2(g) are the inorganic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;compounds which change the atmospheric composition. Organic compounds including&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;hydrocarbons, halo hydrocarbons and particles such as dust and carbon also contribute&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;to change the composition of the atmosphere./&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• Some CO(g) in atmosphere is formed by the oxidation of methane, which is formed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;naturally by the anaerobic degradation of organic matter. CO (g) is emitted from all the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;incomplete combustion processes including the internal combustion engines of motor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;vehicles.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• SO2(g) enters the atmosphere from the combustion of sulphur containing fossil fuels,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;volcanic eruption , biological decay of S containing organic matter, reduction of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;sulphates and recovery of metals from their sulphides. SO2(g) reacts with oxygen and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;forms SO3(g). NO(g) increases the rate of oxidation of atmospheric SO2 (g) in to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;SO3(g).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• NOx(g) [NO(g) and NO2(g)] enters the atmosphere from natural processes such as&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;lightening discharges, and from pollutant sources. The combustion of fossil fuels gives&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;most of the NOx(g). Much of the NOx(g) entering the atmosphere is from the internal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;combustion engines.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• Microbial decay of S containing organic matter and reduction of sulphate ion are the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;most common natural sources of H2S.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;262&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;• Hydrocarbons are widely used as fuels and enter the atmosphere directly or as byproducts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;in the partial combustion of other hydrocarbons. Uncontrolled vehicle exhausts contain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;alkanes , alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons. Methane is produced in large quantities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;from the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter submerged in water.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/global-warming.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;1. Global warming&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/cid-rain.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;2. Αcid rain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/photochemical-smog.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;3. Photochemical smog&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/depletion-of-ozone-layer.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;4. Depletion of ozone layer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/9006767777134667087/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/understanding-problems-due-to-air.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/9006767777134667087'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/9006767777134667087'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/understanding-problems-due-to-air.html' title='Understanding the problems due to air pollution'/><author><name>will</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03741523680179511260</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieGEA-30GJ37fZIvqyX3gTen_8YFR2iY5FIFcMZoMw6-5O3PdiauqSAqeUv4UCDtkTKpQKyZmTrT6akRU-vpX-0_Xs2elcFrzQUrkHP4ICnw0HSswcPq_Qwr_sgTojb1J2Y1zvrmF8DBA/s72-c/Understanding+the+problems+due+to+air+pollution.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-59957543229255719</id><published>2016-07-06T10:44:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2016-07-12T22:08:37.776-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><title type='text'>Download A/L Exam Time Table</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Like us on fb.com/learnmpc to reach us..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKH_bQ97kfy6W7WQmj6eLZkKjKVobHIcS3YyzAj7zhVye2QNFsk1Odh7X0z8X2mwcurkNImk9vizCRaap87M4kNAB1t1rEIS6NzEWPq6NLgLyft4lw3-VQWybh-JfL0wQ2qhcUv_LMh-Y/s1600/examination+timetable.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;235&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKH_bQ97kfy6W7WQmj6eLZkKjKVobHIcS3YyzAj7zhVye2QNFsk1Odh7X0z8X2mwcurkNImk9vizCRaap87M4kNAB1t1rEIS6NzEWPq6NLgLyft4lw3-VQWybh-JfL0wQ2qhcUv_LMh-Y/s400/examination+timetable.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;General Certificate of Education (Advanced Level ) Examination - 2016 August&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;The Lankan Advanced Level (A-level), is a General Certificate of Education (GCE) qualification in island , managed and did/done by the Department of Examinations of the Ministry of Education. Almost the same as the British Advanced Level. It is usually taken by students during the optional final two years of College-related level (Grades 12 &amp;amp; 13 or external (non-school) candidate, after they have completed GCE Ordinary Level exams.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Advanced Level examination will be held from August 2 to 27 this year(2016).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Examination: Islamic Deeniyyath (Dharmacharya) Certificate Examination – 2014(2016)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Date of Examination: 10th ,16th &amp;nbsp;and 19th July 2016&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Exam Center : All Island&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Candidates or Heads of Institutions who have not received admission cards or those who require further clarifications are kindly requested to communicate with the Organization &amp;amp; Foreign Examinations Branch of this Department giving their full names and addresses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;for more contact to 011-2785230 / 011-2177075 &amp;nbsp;or details see below image&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Get time table : -&amp;nbsp;http://www.doenets.lk/exam/docs/al2016/AL%20Time%20Table%202016.pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/59957543229255719/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/download-al-exam-time-table.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/59957543229255719'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/59957543229255719'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2016/07/download-al-exam-time-table.html' title='Download A/L Exam Time Table'/><author><name>will</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03741523680179511260</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKH_bQ97kfy6W7WQmj6eLZkKjKVobHIcS3YyzAj7zhVye2QNFsk1Odh7X0z8X2mwcurkNImk9vizCRaap87M4kNAB1t1rEIS6NzEWPq6NLgLyft4lw3-VQWybh-JfL0wQ2qhcUv_LMh-Y/s72-c/examination+timetable.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-7109756557378394267</id><published>2015-06-02T07:11:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2016-07-06T10:30:17.598-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Maths"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="MNotes"/><title type='text'>Bucket Of All Algebraic equations</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Algebra is great fun - you get to solve puzzles!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrioM_QdX-aq_ToFYN7UfFtHwF-536IgiwT_HmCn9NBIWh1ZzL91n7IyVecJbbiL3UEFUJ8mh4pIqqAn5A99WubzPL_U99t9pfQLvQSvTPy0NOY0BYXd6C_hyphenhyphen1MZJL0JA-I3AhRmxy9kc/s1600/Algebra.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrioM_QdX-aq_ToFYN7UfFtHwF-536IgiwT_HmCn9NBIWh1ZzL91n7IyVecJbbiL3UEFUJ8mh4pIqqAn5A99WubzPL_U99t9pfQLvQSvTPy0NOY0BYXd6C_hyphenhyphen1MZJL0JA-I3AhRmxy9kc/s640/Algebra.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Algebra is one of the broad parts of mathematics, together with number theory, geometry and analysis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;With computer games you play by running, jumping or finding secret things. Well, with Algebra you play with letters, numbers and symbols, and you also get to find secret things!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;And once you learn some of the &quot;tricks&quot;, it becomes a fun challenge to work out how to use your skills in solving each &quot;puzzle&quot; Here Are some Equations And tips In a Pic ! You could able to Solve the problems in Algebra By Knowing these Equations&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;You can View Full Size Image By Right &amp;nbsp;Click on the image and Select Open Image in New Window&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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படத்தினை முழுதான துலக்கத்துடன் பார்வையிட&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Right &amp;nbsp;Click on the image &amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Open Image in New Window&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8LS5clAGJ3jgeWjTW8LbnhnJIUkqyS5kn0-Ls7TyB0CHXZNZ1XzWCnyZmyHc6jvEIFCopIfifZT7HGU9EmlEj6Z9hPKNtMi_dUYzx0iyzKE-Hw_y_NEAtV6USxNNWUHZcc9LZNAclWw8/s1600/algebra+copy.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8LS5clAGJ3jgeWjTW8LbnhnJIUkqyS5kn0-Ls7TyB0CHXZNZ1XzWCnyZmyHc6jvEIFCopIfifZT7HGU9EmlEj6Z9hPKNtMi_dUYzx0iyzKE-Hw_y_NEAtV6USxNNWUHZcc9LZNAclWw8/s640/algebra+copy.jpg&quot; width=&quot;494&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://learn-maths-physics-chemistry.33993.n7.nabble.com/&quot; id=&quot;nabblelink&quot;&gt;learn Maths Physics Chemistry&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;script src=&quot;http://learn-maths-physics-chemistry.33993.n7.nabble.com/embed/f1&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/7109756557378394267/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/06/bucket-of-all-algebraic-equations.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/7109756557378394267'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/7109756557378394267'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/06/bucket-of-all-algebraic-equations.html' title='Bucket Of All Algebraic equations'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrioM_QdX-aq_ToFYN7UfFtHwF-536IgiwT_HmCn9NBIWh1ZzL91n7IyVecJbbiL3UEFUJ8mh4pIqqAn5A99WubzPL_U99t9pfQLvQSvTPy0NOY0BYXd6C_hyphenhyphen1MZJL0JA-I3AhRmxy9kc/s72-c/Algebra.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-1899362898064237353</id><published>2015-06-02T00:01:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2016-07-06T10:30:35.034-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Maths"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="MNotes"/><title type='text'>Short Notes</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;வகையீடு&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6aF3veo-faecHeIMDq2vsbCaFxxT3zPUly9l0tuQ77k53sfslVVKUNNa9flfDj4C3YqCI2Qkfq7LvcQ1_7ny1hE0YV74o0vElhCL_eK-0ZE4eTU_WvWJwKrnUkKSoj9u-n3gpVxrPIjQ/s1600/math-sheet-22480+copy.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6aF3veo-faecHeIMDq2vsbCaFxxT3zPUly9l0tuQ77k53sfslVVKUNNa9flfDj4C3YqCI2Qkfq7LvcQ1_7ny1hE0YV74o0vElhCL_eK-0ZE4eTU_WvWJwKrnUkKSoj9u-n3gpVxrPIjQ/s640/math-sheet-22480+copy.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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நுண்கணிதத்தில் வகையீடு (differential) என்பது சாரா மாறி x இல் ஏற்படும் மாற்றத்தைப் பொறுத்து சார்பு y = ƒ(x) இன் மதிப்பு அடையும் மாற்றத்தின் முதன்மைப் பகுதியைக் குறிக்கும்.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
வகையீடு dy இன் வரையறை:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;dy = f&#39;(x)\,dx,&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline tex&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/2/6/b/26b2c77b3927775047f4daccd8feb630.png&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border: none; color: #252525; display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; vertical-align: middle;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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இங்கு f&#39;(x) &amp;nbsp;என்பது சார்பு ƒ இன் x ஐப் பொறுத்த வகைக்கெழு, dx ஒரு கூடுதல் மெய்யெண் மாறி (அதாவது x மற்றும் dx ஆகிய இரு மாறிகளில் அமைந்த சார்பு dy).&lt;br /&gt;
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வகையீடு கணிதம் மட்டுமன்றி &amp;nbsp;பௌதிகவியல் இரசாயனவியல் போன்ற பாடங்களிலும் &amp;nbsp;தேவையனதொன்றாக காணப்படுகிறது . ஆகவே வகையீடு பற்றி தெரிந்திருப்பது&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;மிக முகியமானதொன்றாகும்.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;வகையீடு ச&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;lucida grande&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.3199996948242px;&quot;&gt;ம்ம&lt;/span&gt;ந்தமான கோவைகளின் தொகுப்பு கீழே தரப்படுள்ளது ..&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
கீழே தரப்பட்டுள்ள கோவைகள் ஒன்றாக தொகுக்கபடுள்ளதால் &amp;nbsp;இவை கற்றலுக்கு மிகவும் இலகுவாக அமையும் என நம்புகின்றோம்&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDHvBu70leL7Y5kTF15cjQTyQnx-jTEnWgQVJXn2aMS8OImQFJMBxhzwQ2YF3Yu7i0w6vI3irUPXT1rGUTDn7fXMTUPc6Sd8dcIVckOWhjjKxNF5wZpGTEf3hHwyBgNbMt8_bgm4mIiXg/s1600/calculus-derivatives-limits.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDHvBu70leL7Y5kTF15cjQTyQnx-jTEnWgQVJXn2aMS8OImQFJMBxhzwQ2YF3Yu7i0w6vI3irUPXT1rGUTDn7fXMTUPc6Sd8dcIVckOWhjjKxNF5wZpGTEf3hHwyBgNbMt8_bgm4mIiXg/s640/calculus-derivatives-limits.jpg&quot; width=&quot;494&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/1899362898064237353/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/06/short-notes.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/1899362898064237353'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/1899362898064237353'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/06/short-notes.html' title='Short Notes'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6aF3veo-faecHeIMDq2vsbCaFxxT3zPUly9l0tuQ77k53sfslVVKUNNa9flfDj4C3YqCI2Qkfq7LvcQ1_7ny1hE0YV74o0vElhCL_eK-0ZE4eTU_WvWJwKrnUkKSoj9u-n3gpVxrPIjQ/s72-c/math-sheet-22480+copy.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-7595535358642294318</id><published>2015-05-12T22:46:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2015-05-12T22:46:34.709-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Maths"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="MNotes"/><title type='text'>Index laws  / Logarithmic laws</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3bd9-3371-5b25-84de29e47748&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Index laws&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioC_DD9bDSlpMReiW1vwII6-gGXMijiM1CDMgErZMHYwKvHfMw2e1vqzwl4SO1Jw91eCEdP9_U1lGnJXmPaNLOVNPk9DG0p0U53y0cyOcuwp0u3B6lwTaeB69TGfyut71a-jjZJvd4dRk/s1600/Index+Law.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;380&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioC_DD9bDSlpMReiW1vwII6-gGXMijiM1CDMgErZMHYwKvHfMw2e1vqzwl4SO1Jw91eCEdP9_U1lGnJXmPaNLOVNPk9DG0p0U53y0cyOcuwp0u3B6lwTaeB69TGfyut71a-jjZJvd4dRk/s640/Index+Law.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$a,b\quad \epsilon \quad { R }^{ + }$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$m,n\quad \epsilon \quad { Q }$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3bd7-7333-97ec-bbdfb0dd9d31&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;${ a }^{ m }\times { a }^{ n }={ a }^{ m+n }\\ { a }^{ m }\div { a }^{ n }={ a }^{ m-n }\\ ({ a }^{ { m } })^{ n }={ a }^{ mn }\\ { ab }^{ m }={ a }^{ m }\times { b }^{ m }\\ \\ { (\frac { a }{ b } ) }^{ m }=(\frac { { a }^{ m } }{ { b }^{ m } } )$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;${ a }^{ 0 }=1\\ { a }^{ -n }=\frac { 1 }{ { a }^{ n } }$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-family: Ropa Sans; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;If Root of a real number a in n &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; line-height: 1.38; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$a\quad \E \quad \Re$ , a&amp;gt;0  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Ropa Sans; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 33.1199989318848px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;There are two roots if and n is even.They are equal in magnitude and opposite in sign.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.38; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; line-height: 33.1199989318848px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Ropa Sans; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 33.1199989318848px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;\frac { 1 }{ { a }^{ n } }$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.38; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;  or &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; line-height: 33.1199989318848px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Ropa Sans; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 33.1199989318848px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;\sqrt [ n ]{ a }$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.38; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.38; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Ropa Sans;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 19px; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;{ a }^{ b }=\aleph$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.38; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be7-e69a-35cd-48df62589f44&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Logarithmic laws&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 19px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Ropa Sans; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;You have learned various rules for manipulating and simplifying expressions with exponents, such as the rule that says that ${ x }^{ 3 }$ × ${ x }^{ 4 }$ equals ${ x }^{ 7 }$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; because you can add the exponents. There are similar rules for logarithms.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;define logarithms as&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Ropa Sans;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;${ a }^{ b }=N\quad \Leftrightarrow \quad b=\log _{ a }{ N }&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;(a&amp;gt;0 , N &amp;gt;0 )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Ropa Sans; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;\log _{ a }{ MN } =\log _{ a }{ M } +\log _{ a }{ N }&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Ropa Sans; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;\log _{ a }{ (\frac { M }{ N } ) } =\log _{ a }{ M } -\log _{ a }{ N }&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Ropa Sans; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;\log _{ a }{ { N }^{ p } } =p\log _{ a }{ N }&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Ropa Sans; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Change-of-Base Formula&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;\log _{ a }{ b } =\frac { 1 }{ \log _{ b }{ a }  } &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 19px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Here &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$a,b,c\quad \epsilon \quad \Re $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: large; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/7595535358642294318/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/05/index-laws-logarithmic-laws.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/7595535358642294318'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/7595535358642294318'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/05/index-laws-logarithmic-laws.html' title='Index laws  / Logarithmic laws'/><author><name>will</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03741523680179511260</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioC_DD9bDSlpMReiW1vwII6-gGXMijiM1CDMgErZMHYwKvHfMw2e1vqzwl4SO1Jw91eCEdP9_U1lGnJXmPaNLOVNPk9DG0p0U53y0cyOcuwp0u3B6lwTaeB69TGfyut71a-jjZJvd4dRk/s72-c/Index+Law.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-1518331797452968211</id><published>2015-05-09T20:21:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2016-07-06T10:30:45.916-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Maths"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="MNotes"/><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3bd9-3371-5b25-84de29e47748&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;சுட்டி விதிகளாவன..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioC_DD9bDSlpMReiW1vwII6-gGXMijiM1CDMgErZMHYwKvHfMw2e1vqzwl4SO1Jw91eCEdP9_U1lGnJXmPaNLOVNPk9DG0p0U53y0cyOcuwp0u3B6lwTaeB69TGfyut71a-jjZJvd4dRk/s1600/Index+Law.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;380&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioC_DD9bDSlpMReiW1vwII6-gGXMijiM1CDMgErZMHYwKvHfMw2e1vqzwl4SO1Jw91eCEdP9_U1lGnJXmPaNLOVNPk9DG0p0U53y0cyOcuwp0u3B6lwTaeB69TGfyut71a-jjZJvd4dRk/s640/Index+Law.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$a,b\quad \epsilon \quad { R }^{ + }$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$m,n\quad \epsilon \quad { Q }$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 19px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;ஆகவிருக்க&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3bd7-7333-97ec-bbdfb0dd9d31&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;${ a }^{ m }\times { a }^{ n }={ a }^{ m+n }\\ { a }^{ m }\div { a }^{ n }={ a }^{ m-n }\\ ({ a }^{ { m } })^{ n }={ a }^{ mn }\\ { ab }^{ m }={ a }^{ m }\times { b }^{ m }\\ \\ { (\frac { a }{ b } ) }^{ m }=(\frac { { a }^{ m } }{ { b }^{ m } } )$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;${ a }^{ 0 }=1\\ { a }^{ -n }=\frac { 1 }{ { a }^{ n } }$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc;&quot;&gt;a என்ற மெய் எண்ணின்  n ஆம் மூலம்&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 33.1199989318848px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$a\quad E\quad \Re$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large; line-height: 1.38; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; , a&amp;gt;0 &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; line-height: 1.38; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.38; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; ஒரு இரட்டை எண் &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.38; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;எனின்இ இரண்டு மூலங்கள் உண்டு.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.38; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;அவை பருமனில் சமனாவதோடு எதிர்க்&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.38; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;குறிகளை உடையன. அவற்றுள் நேர்&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.38; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;மூலம் &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.38; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: orange;&quot;&gt;தலைமை மூலம்&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.38; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; எனப்படுவதோடு &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.38; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;அது&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 33.1199989318848px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 33.1199989318848px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;\frac { 1 }{ { a }^{ n } }$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.38; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;  என அல்லது&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 33.1199989318848px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 33.1199989318848px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;\sqrt [ n ]{ a }$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.38; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; எனக் &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.38; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;குறிக்கப்படும். $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 19px; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;{ a }^{ b }=\aleph$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.38; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be7-e69a-35cd-48df62589f44&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1155cc; font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;மடக்கை விதிகள் &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;${ a }^{ b }=N\quad \Leftrightarrow \quad b=\log _{ a }{ N }&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;(a&amp;gt;0 , N &amp;gt;0 )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;என வரையறுக்கப்படும்.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$\log _{ a }{ MN } $=$\log _{ a }{ M } $+$\log _{ a }{ N } $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;\log _{ a }{ (\frac { M }{ N } ) }&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; =&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;\log _{ a }{ M }&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;\log _{ a }{ N } &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;\log _{ a }{ { N }^{ p } }&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; =&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;p\log _{ a }{ N } &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;அடி மாற்றம் செய்தல் &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0f75b107-3be2-d10f-645b-d515a068a1cb&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;
$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;\log _{ a }{ b }&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; =&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;\frac { 1 }{ \log _{ b }{ a }  }&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 26.2199993133545px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: 19px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;இங்கு &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;$a,b,c\quad \epsilon \quad \Re$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;ropa sans&amp;quot;; font-size: large; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/1518331797452968211/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/05/blog-post_9.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/1518331797452968211'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/1518331797452968211'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/05/blog-post_9.html' title=''/><author><name>will</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03741523680179511260</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioC_DD9bDSlpMReiW1vwII6-gGXMijiM1CDMgErZMHYwKvHfMw2e1vqzwl4SO1Jw91eCEdP9_U1lGnJXmPaNLOVNPk9DG0p0U53y0cyOcuwp0u3B6lwTaeB69TGfyut71a-jjZJvd4dRk/s72-c/Index+Law.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-4587331695059424348</id><published>2015-05-08T03:44:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2015-05-08T03:44:42.469-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Physics"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="PNotes"/><title type='text'>Verification of the law of parallelogram of forces</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
Like us on fb.com/learnmpc to reach us..&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 24px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;Verification of the law of parallelogram of forces and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-6bce4558-330c-aa60-b52d-62d05b8738b5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 24px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;hence determination of the weight of a given body&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyF41LUclpxwWwpxJRvGzqdyDR9d90fP4PgdspemTyNNB2f2u1kH0mbKbymun1RcRt4bwBgzF4JpzuHD4ENKpz4zRCJBRfkDLhMkddvwgyc59KxSeWdqXVaujsBC5LjohIg19FDwIauh4/s1600/bg-cas-physics+(2).jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;384&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyF41LUclpxwWwpxJRvGzqdyDR9d90fP4PgdspemTyNNB2f2u1kH0mbKbymun1RcRt4bwBgzF4JpzuHD4ENKpz4zRCJBRfkDLhMkddvwgyc59KxSeWdqXVaujsBC5LjohIg19FDwIauh4/s640/bg-cas-physics+(2).jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Verification of the law of parallelogram of forces and hence determination&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;of the weight of a given body&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5OShV81B4g0AqZKuMVtjC-rljZO-p8LiW7MqnIKTZ6GnJsWhrHO8U1XAH78QhVcS54gacO55dYUrfqQoHAcgGjRJIyMQUi4alBJU7czCnTUofOBS_q35dHfKnDCEq3R4OB4S37zKD0iI/s1600/a-level-physics-notes-vector-force-diagrams-html-f4438ae.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;296&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5OShV81B4g0AqZKuMVtjC-rljZO-p8LiW7MqnIKTZ6GnJsWhrHO8U1XAH78QhVcS54gacO55dYUrfqQoHAcgGjRJIyMQUi4alBJU7czCnTUofOBS_q35dHfKnDCEq3R4OB4S37zKD0iI/s640/a-level-physics-notes-vector-force-diagrams-html-f4438ae.gif&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 24px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-6bce4558-3314-bdea-e19c-904feeda0323&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Learning outcomes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;• Takes remedial measures to eliminate any defects such as friction in the pulleys&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;of the parallelogram of forces apparatus, and uses the apparatus appropriately.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;• Checks practically the correctness of the equilibrium position obtained&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;• Marks correctly the perpendicular projection of strings on the paper by using the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;supplied devices.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;• Verifies the law of parallelogram of forces and determines the weight of a given&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;object using the parallelogram of forces apparatus.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 24px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Materials and equipments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;A parallelogram of forces apparatus, an object of unknown weight (w), three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;weights of known values (w1. w2. w3), a set square or a short strip of a plane&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;mirror, a half metre ruler, four drawing pins, a white sheet of paper ( A 4).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 24px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Teaching instructions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;• Check the parallelogram of forces apparatus for defects such as friction in the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;pulleys and give instructions on eliminating them.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;• Give instructions as to how to check the accuracy of the equilibrium position&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;after obtaining it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;• Check the ways of obtaining perpendicular projections of strings and provide&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 24px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;necessary instructions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; font-family: &#39;Ropa Sans&#39;; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394;&quot;&gt;Video Lecture in Hindi with Englsih subtitles on the theory behind the Experiment with Gravesand&#39;s Apparatus using Law of Parallelogram of forces by an IITian.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Much awaited University Admission&amp;nbsp;Handbook&amp;nbsp;for the 2014/2015 Academic year will be released&amp;nbsp;Today (May 7th) University Grants Commission sources said to “LearnMPC News”. &amp;nbsp; Students can buy the HandBook this weekend. Still the HandBook not received for Book Shops. &amp;nbsp;Make a call &amp;amp; ask whether book has received or not before you go to buy the book.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The Sri Lankan University Grants Commission (UGC) would call applications for the 2014/2015 Academic year university admissions based on the 2014 GCE A/L examination.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;UGC Hand book, a student guide that contains the application form will be available at major bookshops soon.&lt;/b&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The Campus Application Form should be filled carefully and all courses that the candidate qualifies should be mentioned according to his or her preference and sent to the University Grants Commission. According to the sources, UGC have added several new courses to the new university entrance handbook.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The admission of new students will take place in this year September or October. &amp;nbsp;Around 25,000 students are to be admitted to the universities. The university Handbook delayed two months due to changes in the UGC &amp;amp; Ministry under the new government.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Aptitudes Tests details, Z score Cut Off MARKS release dates &amp;amp; University Leadership Training details will be informed near future via “Learnmpc News” and national Newspapers &amp;amp; Electronic Media.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;_learnmpcNews_&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;log in to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;http://www.admission.ugc.ac.lk/&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 50px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Applications for University Admissions will be available from May 8, 2015....!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/8291012813550506614/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/05/university-admission-handbook-release.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/8291012813550506614'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/8291012813550506614'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/05/university-admission-handbook-release.html' title='University Admission Handbook Release Today, students can buy this weekend'/><author><name>will</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03741523680179511260</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu1q5IncFEO4l91arrMtF8OPikmNM0I5wZbZzcCk26KZwErftwxVXj6gDQgXaerA-xUO1rVib22N9DEQwklqoqgsARx1ZlfNugYSYpgoYRk9m4lhw3DYIGS_xETKaj_31ut1gkWq21D5Q/s72-c/Learnmpc+copy.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-3229656911495577366</id><published>2015-05-05T23:01:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2016-07-06T10:46:56.766-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Chemistry"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="CNOTES"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Industrial"/><title type='text'> Polymers polymeric substances </title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;🗐 &lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;பல்பகுதியங்கள் &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;( polymeric substances)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
பெருமளவான எண்ணிக்கையுடைய மீள்வரும் அலகுகள் இணக்கம் அடைவதால் பல்பகுதியங்கள் உருவாகின்றன.&lt;br /&gt;
உதாரணம் : n(C2H4) &amp;nbsp; → &amp;nbsp; பொலித்தீன்&lt;br /&gt;
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🖸 இவற்றை பல்வேறு வகையாக பிரிக்கலாம்.&lt;br /&gt;
© LearnMPC 2015 - WWW.LEARNMPC.BLOGSPOT.COM | Twitter: @learnmpc | Facebook: www.facebook.com/learnmpc&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://2.bp.blogspot.com/5YFZT_cYxy5miEDi2ut1MSx-wLiTf3Ks6DLfaTUAdtGtYYLKBdTZRKCcITHA95djdRfRdQ=s400&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://2.bp.blogspot.com/5YFZT_cYxy5miEDi2ut1MSx-wLiTf3Ks6DLfaTUAdtGtYYLKBdTZRKCcITHA95djdRfRdQ=s400&quot; height=&quot;452&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;To Download this Pic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #38761d;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_xluxtdWm5VeGhpSnFzREgzaVU/view?usp=sharing&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Click Here&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #38761d;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #38761d;&quot;&gt;இயற்கை,செயற்கை &amp;nbsp;அடிப்படையில்&amp;nbsp;அடிப்படையில் பாகுபடுத்தப்படலாம்.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
1.இயற்கைப் பல்பகுதியம் &amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;
2.தொகுப்புக்குரிய பல்பகுதியம்&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6;&quot;&gt;1.இயற்கைப் பல்பகுதியம்&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
- இயற்கை பல்பகுதியங்கள் இயற்கையாகவே உயிர்த்தொகுதிகளினுள்&lt;br /&gt;
தொகுக்கப்பட்டவை.&lt;br /&gt;
உதாரணம் : இயற்கை இறப்பர், புரதங்கள், நொதியங்கள்&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6;&quot;&gt;2.தொகுப்புக்குரிய பல்பகுதியம்&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
- தொகுப்புக்குரிய பல்பகுதியங்கள் மனிதனால் செயற்கையாக&lt;br /&gt;
தயாரிக்கப்பட்டவை.&lt;br /&gt;
உதாரணம் : பொலித்தீன், பொலிவைனைல்குளோரைட்டு, பொலிஎசுத்தர்,&lt;br /&gt;
ரெப்லோன், பேக்லைற்று , நைலோன்,யூரியா-போமல்டிகைட்டு.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #38761d;&quot;&gt;பல்பகுதியங்கள் அவை உருவாகும் முறையின் அடிப்படையில் பாகுபடுத்தப்படலாம்.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
1.கூட்டல் பல்பகுதியம் (addition &amp;nbsp;polymers)&lt;br /&gt;
2. ஒடுங்கல் பல்பகுதியம் (condensation polymers)&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #38761d;&quot;&gt;வெப்ப இயல்பை அடிப்படையாக வைத்து பல்பகுதியங்கள் பின்வருமாறு&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #38761d;&quot;&gt;பிரிக்கப்படும்.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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1.வெப்பம் இளக்கும் பல்பகுதியங்கள்&lt;/div&gt;
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2.வெப்பம் இறுக்கும் பல்பகுதியங்கள்&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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- வெப்பம் இளக்கும் பல்பகுதியங்கள்&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
வெப்பமாக்குவதன் மூலம் மென்மையாக்கப்படலாம். குளிரவிடும்போது வன்மையாகும். மீண்டும் பலமுறை இளகவிடப்படக்கூடியது. சங்கிலிகளுக்கிடையிலான கவர்ச்சி விசைகள் நலிவானவை.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
உதாரணம்: பொலித்தீன், பொலிஸ்ரைறின்&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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- வெப்பம் இறுக்கும் பல்பகுதியங்கள்&lt;/div&gt;
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உற்பத்தியின் முதல் கட்டத்தின்போது அச்சில் வார்க்கப்படும்போது இவை&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
இறுக்கமடையூம். பின் மீண்டும் வெப்பமாக்கப்படுவதன் மூலம் மீள இளக்கப்&lt;/div&gt;
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படமாட்டாது. பல்பகுதியச் சங்கிலிகள் குறுக்கு இணைப்புக்களை உருவாக்கி&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
முப்பரிமாணக் கட்டமைப்பை ஏற்படுத்தும்.&lt;/div&gt;
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உதாரணம்: பேக்லைட், யூரியா போமல்டிகைட்டு&lt;/div&gt;
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🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣🌣&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;கூட்டல் பல்ப்பகுதியம்&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: orange;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;பொலித்தீன்&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: orange;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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வெப்பம் இளக்கும் பல்பகுதியம்&lt;br /&gt;
பொலித்தீன் மணமற்றது&lt;br /&gt;
சுவையற்றது&lt;br /&gt;
பாரமற்றது&lt;br /&gt;
நச்சுத் தன்மையற்றது&lt;br /&gt;
ஒப்பீட்டளவில் மலிவானது.&lt;br /&gt;
இது பதார்த்தங்களை பொதி செய்வதற்கும்&lt;br /&gt;
ஆசன மேலுறை, போத்தல், விளையாட்டுப்&lt;br /&gt;
பொருட்கள், குப்பை போடும் பை, பாத்திரம் போன்றவை செய்யப் பயன்படுத்தப்படும்.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: orange;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;பொலிவைனைல் குளோரைட்டு&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: orange;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
இதன் ஒரு பல்பகுதியம் வைனைல் குளோரைட்டு ஆகும்.&lt;br /&gt;
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இது ஒரு வெப்பம் இளக்கும் பல்பகுதியமாக உள்ளபோதும் குளோரினை&lt;br /&gt;
கொண்டிருப்பதனால் இலகுவில் தீப்பற்றி எரியாது.&lt;br /&gt;
இதன் சங்கிலிக்குஇடையிலான கவர்ச்சி விசை பொலித்தீன் சங்கிலிகளுக்கிடையிலான விசையிலும்மிக அதிகமானது. இதனால் வன்மையானது.&lt;br /&gt;
நிலைநிறுத்தும் கருவி, &amp;nbsp;நிரப்பும்கருவி ஆகியவற்றை உபயோகித்து பதனிடுவதன் மூலம் வேறொன்றாக மாறுபடும்.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
தன்மையுள்ள பதார்த்தமாக மாற்றப்படக்கூடியதாக இருப்பது &amp;nbsp;இதன் சிறப்பியல்பு ஆகும்.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
நீர்க் குழாய் செய்வதற்கும், ஜலதாரைகள் செய்வதற்கும், மின்கம்பிகளை காவலிடுவதற்கும்,நிலகவசம்,ஆசனஉறை,குடைத்துணி,மழைஅங்கி&lt;br /&gt;
போன்றவை செய்யவு&amp;nbsp;ம் பயன்படும்.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: orange;&quot;&gt;பொலிஸ்ரைரீன்&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
பொலிஸ்ரைரீன் ஒரு பகுதியம்&amp;nbsp;ஸ்ரைரீன்&amp;nbsp;ஆகும்.&lt;br /&gt;
வெப்பம் இளக்கும் பல்பகுதியம்.&lt;br /&gt;
பொலிஸ்ரைறீன் ஒளி ஊடுருவக் கூடியபதார்த்தம்.&lt;br /&gt;
இது நுரையாக்கப்பட்டு, திண்மமாக்கப்படும்.&lt;br /&gt;
இது காவலியாகவும், பொதி செய்தற்கும் பயன்படும்.&lt;br /&gt;
இது &lt;span style=&quot;color: #6aa84f;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ரெஜிபோம்&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;என அழைக்கப்படும்.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: orange;&quot;&gt;
ரெப்லோன்&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
ரெப்லோனின் ஒரு பகுதியம் நாற்புளோரோ எதீன் ஆகும்.&lt;br /&gt;
வெப்பம் இளக்கும் பல்பகுதியம். ரெப்லோன் ஈரநிலைத் திறனற்றது,&lt;br /&gt;
சடத்துவமானது.&lt;br /&gt;
ஒட்டும் தன்மையற்றது.&lt;br /&gt;
உயர்வெப்பத்தினாலும் இரசாயனப் பதார்த்தங்களாலும் பாதிக்கப்படமாட்டாது. காரணம் அலசனைக் கொண்டது.&lt;br /&gt;
அரிப்புக்குட்படாது. எனவே, சமையற் பாத்திரங்களை உறுதிப்படுத்தவும், இரசாயனக்கைத்தொழிற்சாலைகளிலும் பயன்படுத்தப்படும்.&lt;br /&gt;
இயந்திரங்களின் குழாய்கள்,மூடித்தாளிடும் முத்திரை &amp;nbsp;செய்வதற்கும் உலோகப் பகுதிகளுக்கு இடையில்வைக்கப்படும் வளையங்கள் செய்யவும் நெருப்புப் பிடிக்காத துணிசெய்வதற்கும் பயன்படும்.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: orange;&quot;&gt;பொலிஐசோபிறீன் (இயற்கை இறப்பர்)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPIlXT_k31gM0DYugY6JwnGgkzVrNFC4fFAKam7b8h4b83B5ceNpRgYO0BnjLzPf_QxgjR80JOklraMNLaQBQKyco6HwrSG8SI1BX5bAlIV-wnJ9FIO1kNUTdjya08kSDkHwIzEFHv6Hw/s1600/polymeric+substances+(6).jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;376&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPIlXT_k31gM0DYugY6JwnGgkzVrNFC4fFAKam7b8h4b83B5ceNpRgYO0BnjLzPf_QxgjR80JOklraMNLaQBQKyco6HwrSG8SI1BX5bAlIV-wnJ9FIO1kNUTdjya08kSDkHwIzEFHv6Hw/s1600/polymeric+substances+(6).jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: orange;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
இறப்பரானது ரயர், ரியுப், மெத்தை, கையூறை தயாரிப்பிலும்இ மருத்துவத்&lt;br /&gt;
துறையிலும் பயன்படுத்தப்படும்.&lt;br /&gt;
இயற்க்கை இறப்ப்பரை வல்க்கனைசுப்ப்படுத்த்தல்&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
இறப்பரின் மீள்தகவூத் தன்மைக்கு சிஸ்-பொலி ஐசோபிறின் அமைப்பே&lt;br /&gt;
காரணமாகும். இறப்பரை வன்மையாக்குவதற்கு இறப்பரின் மீள்தகவுத் தன்மை மாற்றப்பட வேண்டும். எனவே இயற்கை இறப்பரை அதன் நிறையின் 1%-3%கந்தகத்துடன் வெப்பப்படுத்துவதன் மூலம் வன்மையாக்கப்படுகிறது. இது &lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;வல்கனைசுப்படுத்தல் &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;எனப்படும். வல்கனைசுப்படுத்தும் பொழுது பொலி ஐசோபிறீன் சங்கிலிகள் குறுக்காக கந்தகத்தினால் பிணைக்கப்படுகின்றன.இதனால், இறப்பரின் மீள்தன்மை அதிகரிப்பதுடன், வன்மையாக்கப்படுகின்றது.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
25 % - &amp;nbsp;35 % கந்தகத்துடன் வெப்பமேற்றுவதன் மூலம் &lt;span style=&quot;color: lime;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;எபனைற்று (ebonite)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
பெறப்படும். வல்கனைசுப்படுத்திய இறப்பர் ஒட்டும்தன்மையற்றது. கூடியளவு பொறிமுறை இயல்புகளை உடையது.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394;&quot;&gt;இறப்ப்பர் சேர்வையாக்க்கம்&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
குறித்த தேவைக்கு ஏற்றத்தக்கதாக இயற்கை இறப்பர் அல்லது மற்றைய&lt;br /&gt;
இறப்பர்கள் அமையாது விடலாம். ஆனால் அதனுடன் கலக்கப்படும் பதார்த்தங்களின் அடிப்படையில், &amp;nbsp;இறப்பர் சேர்வையாக்கம் அவ்இறப்பரை எமது தேவைக்கு உகந்த பதார்த்தமாக மாற்றுகின்றது. இறப்பர் சேர்வையாக்கத்திற்கு பயன்படுத்தப்படும் பதார்த்தங்களை அவற்றின் தொழிற்பாட்டின் அடிப்படையில் பின்வருமாறு பாகுபடுத்தலாம்.&lt;br /&gt;
1. Elastomers&lt;br /&gt;
2. வல்கனைசுப்படுத்தும் கருவி&lt;br /&gt;
3. வேக வளர்ச்சிக் கருவி(Accelerators)&lt;br /&gt;
4. துhண்டி ஃ நிரோதி&lt;br /&gt;
5. Process aids&lt;br /&gt;
6. மென்மையாக்கி, இளக்கி&lt;br /&gt;
7. வலிதாக்கிகள் ஃ நிரப்பிகள்&lt;br /&gt;
8. Age resistors&lt;br /&gt;
² உதாரணமாக, cover of a conveyor belt &amp;nbsp;சேர்வைகளாக பின்வருவன காணப்படும்.&lt;br /&gt;
இயற்கை இறப்பர் (Elastomer)&lt;br /&gt;
கரிய காபன் (Filler)&lt;br /&gt;
ZnO &amp;nbsp;(Accelerator)&lt;br /&gt;
ஸ்ரியறிக் அமிலம் (தூண்டி)&lt;br /&gt;
இறப்பர் பதனிடும் எண்ணெய்&lt;br /&gt;
றெசின்&lt;br /&gt;
N-Cyclohexylbenzothiozole-2-sulfonamide (CBS)&lt;br /&gt;
கந்தகம் (வல்கனைசுப்படுத்தும் கருவி)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: orange;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;ஒடுங்க்கல் பல்பகுதியம்&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
ஒடுங்கல் பல்பகுதியாக்கத்தில் ஒரு பகுதியங்கள் இணையு&amp;nbsp;ம் பொழுது H2O ,&amp;nbsp;NH3 &amp;nbsp;HCl&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;போன்ற எளிய மூலக்கூறுகள் வெளியேற்றப்படும்.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: orange;&quot;&gt;பொலி ஏமைட்டு&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
வெப்பம் இளக்கும் பல்பகுதியம். இது கம்பளியூடன் ஒத்த அமைப்புடையதாக&lt;br /&gt;
காணப்படினும்இ நைலோன் மென்மை அற்றதாகவு&amp;nbsp;ம், இயற்கை நார்களைப் போன்ற&lt;br /&gt;
நீரை உறிஞ்சும் தன்மையற்றதாகவும் காணப்படும். எனினும், நீடித்த பாவனையுயது.&lt;br /&gt;
கழுவிப் பாவிப்பதற்கு ஏற்றதாகவு&amp;nbsp;ம் உள்ளது.&lt;br /&gt;
நைலோன் ஆடைகள்தயாரிக்கப் பயன்படும்.&lt;br /&gt;
நைலோனின் மீள்தகவியல்பு, வன்மை ஆகியன&lt;br /&gt;
காலுறை தயாரிக்கவும், இறுக்கமான உடைகள் தயாரிப்பதற்கும் ஏற்றது ஆகின்றது.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/3229656911495577366/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/05/polymers-polymeric-substances.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/3229656911495577366'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/3229656911495577366'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/05/polymers-polymeric-substances.html' title=' Polymers polymeric substances '/><author><name>will</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03741523680179511260</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiS_mGET-h7m_22YVLjcjRclc5GPg9J75yQWn5NU1bhXLc5uxewPwISJbpt4JAQhMiab9UrN06AHRu0RihglWxlkqoLWoqRrgmgRPI_n84-SiEV9C1dtW5hbCUGYaIo0svYM9GXQPDE8Y/s72-c/bisphenol-a-in-plastikflaschen.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-5203158344740704602</id><published>2015-04-21T09:54:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2015-04-21T23:53:11.100-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Magnetic Field"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Physics"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="PNotes"/><title type='text'>Magnetic Field</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Magnetic Field&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
மின்னோட்டம்&amp;nbsp;ஒரு நேர்&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF&quot; style=&quot;background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;மின்கம்பி&quot;&gt;மின்கம்பியில்&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;இருக்கும்பொழுது அக்கம்பியை சுற்றி&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;காந்த புலம் (Magnetic Field)&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;உருவாகின்றது. பொதுவாக B காந்தப்புலத்தை சுட்டி நிற்கும். ஆனால் வரையறையில் B காந்தப்பாய்வுச் செறிவு ஆகும் அதாவது&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;dl style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;&quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;\Phi_m  &quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline tex&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/8/8/5/885483ec05418c97ea45f183d1464196.png&quot; style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;- காந்தப்பாய்வு- magnetic flux (T)&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;dl style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;&quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;\Phi_m \equiv \int \!\!\! \int \mathbf{B} \cdot d\mathbf S\,&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline tex&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/0/9/9/09975ae4382ff916f48a6813766e680e.png&quot; style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;dl style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;&quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;where&amp;nbsp;&lt;img alt=&quot;\Phi_m \ &quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline tex&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/2/8/e/28e4b26c94eb40d65ac6f59f94d0f91e.png&quot; style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;is the magnetic flux and&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;is the magnetic flux density.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
குறித்த கடத்தியில் மின்னோட்டம் (I ) ஓடும் பொது அக்கடத்தியில் ${ d }_{ l }$ நீளத்தினால் r துரத்தில் உருவாகும் காந்தப்புலச்செறிவு.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
${ \delta &amp;nbsp;}_{ B }=\frac { { \mu &amp;nbsp;}_{ 0 } }{ 4\pi &amp;nbsp;} \frac { I{ d }_{ l }Sin\theta &amp;nbsp;}{ { r }^{ 2 } } $&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
${ \mu &amp;nbsp;}_{ 0 }$ - சுயாதீன &amp;nbsp;வெளியில் காந்தப்புகுவிடுதிறன்.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
$\mu ={ \mu &amp;nbsp;}_{ 0 }.{ \mu &amp;nbsp;}_{ r }$&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
${ \mu &amp;nbsp;}_{ 0 }$ -சுயாதீன &amp;nbsp;வெளியில் காந்தப்புகுவிடுதிறன்.&lt;br /&gt;
${ \mu &amp;nbsp;}_{ r }$ - சார்பு காந்தப்புகுவிடுதிறன்.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
காந்தப்ப்பாயம்&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
$\Phi =n$&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
அலகுகள் / units = Wb or $T{ m }^{ 2 }$&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
காந்தப்ப்பாயஅடர்த்தி &amp;nbsp;(B)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
B=E&lt;br /&gt;
அலகுகள் / units&lt;br /&gt;
$Wb{ m }^{ -2 }$&lt;br /&gt;
$T$&lt;br /&gt;
$N{ A }^{ -1 }{ m }^{ -1 }$&lt;br /&gt;
$J{ A }^{ -1 }{ m }^{ -2 }$&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
இருபக்க முடிவிலிக்கடத்தி ஒன்றிலிருந்து r தூரதில் - நடுவிலிருந்து&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;காந்தப்ப்பாயஅடர்த்தி &amp;nbsp;(B)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
$B=\frac { { \mu &amp;nbsp;}_{ 0 }I }{ 2\pi d } $&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ஒருபக்க முடிவிலிக்கடத்தி ஒன்றிலிருந்து r தூரதில் - நடுவிலிருந்து&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;காந்தப்ப்பாயஅடர்த்தி &amp;nbsp;(B)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
$B=\frac { { \mu &amp;nbsp;}_{ 0 }I }{ 4\pi d } $&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
வட்டக்கடத்தி ஒன்றினால் அதன் மையத்தில் உருவாகும்&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;காந்தப்ப்பாயஅடர்த்தி &amp;nbsp;(B) ஆரை &amp;nbsp;=a&lt;br /&gt;
$B=\frac { { \mu &amp;nbsp;}_{ 0 }I }{ 2a } $&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
கடத்தியை நீட்டிப்பெறப்படும் எந்தவொரு புள்ளியிலும் அக்கடத்தியில் மின்னோட்டம் செல்வதால்&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; காந்தப்ப்பாயஅடர்த்தி எதுவும் ஏற்ப்படாது .&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
குறித்த நீளக்&amp;nbsp;கடத்தி ஒன்றிலிருந்து r தூரதில் - நடுவிலிருந்து&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;காந்தப்ப்பாயஅடர்த்தி &amp;nbsp;(B)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
$B=\frac { { \mu &amp;nbsp;}_{ 0 }I }{ 4\pi d } (sin\alpha +sin\beta )$&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
வட்டக்கடத்தி ஒன்றினூடு &amp;nbsp;மின்னோட்டம் செல்வதால் அதன் மையத்திலனூடான&amp;nbsp; யாதாயினும் ஒரு புள்ளியில் காந்தப்ப்பாயஅடர்த்தி &amp;nbsp;(B) (ஆரை &amp;nbsp;=a )&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
$B={ B }_{ 0 }sin^{ 3 }\alpha$&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;${ B }_{ 0 }=\frac { { \mu &amp;nbsp;}_{ 0 }I }{ 2a } $&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
அச்சு வழியே யாதாயினுமொரு புள்ளியில் காந்தப்ப்பாயஅடர்த்தி மையத்தில் உருவாகும் காந்தப்ப்பாயஅடர்த்தியின் திசையிலேயே இருக்கும்&lt;br /&gt;
.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Myriad Pro, Trebuchet MS, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-size: 32px;&quot;&gt;Right click and select open in new window to get zoomed image&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: &#39;Myriad Pro&#39;, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 32px;&quot;&gt;காந்தம் பற்றிய சில&amp;nbsp;தகவல்கள்…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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01 . காந்த விசைக்கோடுகள் வட முனையில் தொடங்கி தென் முனையில் முடிவடைகின்றன.&lt;/div&gt;
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02 . காந்த விசைக்கோடுகள் ஒன்றையொன்று வெட்டிக் கொள்வதில்லை.&lt;/div&gt;
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03 . காந்த விசைக்கோடுகள் மற்ற பகுதியைக் காட்டிலும் முனைகளின் அருகில் அதிக செறிவுடன் இருக்கும்.&lt;/div&gt;
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04 . காந்த விசைக்கோடுகள் மூடிய வளைகோடுகள் ஆகும்.&lt;/div&gt;
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05 . ஒரே சீரான காந்தப் புலத்தில் காந்த விசைக்கோடுகள் ஒன்றுக்கொன்று இணையாக இருக்கும்.&lt;/div&gt;
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06 . இரும்பு ஒரு மென்காந்தப் பொருள்.&lt;/div&gt;
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07 . காந்தமாக்கப்படக் கூடிய பொருள் – நிக்கல்.&lt;/div&gt;
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08 . ஒரு சட்டக் காந்தத்தினை தடையின்றி தொங்கவிடும்போது அதன் முனை, புவியின் வடக்கு தெற்கு திசையை நோக்கி நிற்கும்&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Right Hand Rule and the Magnetic Field Straight Wire&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Magnetic Field of Current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The magnetic field lines around a long wire which carries an electric current form concentric circles around the wire. The direction of the magnetic field is perpendicular to the wire and is in the direction the fingers of your right hand would curl if you wrapped them around the wire with your thumb in the direction of the current.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This animation demonstrates a right hand rule showing the relation between the direction of current flow in a wire and the direction of the resulting&amp;nbsp;magnetic&amp;nbsp;field around that wire.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/9p3t9NOfCtA&quot; width=&quot;600&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;

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&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/5203158344740704602/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/04/magnetic-field.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/5203158344740704602'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/5203158344740704602'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/04/magnetic-field.html' title='Magnetic Field'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW3G0Vguf8Pvy3fkIcNjNg6KO66KYV16frLo5Ps8x3Ar6pKk50xl6gR5tYBQs0Ec4u7VLwiV7U5XRqCNOT1IvjMicbVDmU5mL3Q8xL7RtiwF7-cAoX_fqeQEJnP4PQNm0tvAZwm-zVGM4/s72-c/70011_TN_3D_Magnetic_Field_Demonstrations_BARimage_and_Horseshoe_Magnets_DEMO+copy.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-9118739212484979231</id><published>2015-04-20T02:15:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2017-06-09T19:57:07.666-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Physics"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="PNotes"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Sound"/><title type='text'> Reflection of a Pulse [Fixed End,Free End] </title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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1.விறைத்த/வன் தெறிப்பு&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #ff3330; font-family: &amp;quot;oswaldbook&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;afta sans&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2em;&quot;&gt;Reflection of a Pulse at a Fixed End&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2.மென் தெறிப்பு &amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #ff3330; font-family: &amp;quot;oswaldbook&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;afta sans&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.2em;&quot;&gt;Reflection of a Pulse at a Free End&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;watch-title &quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; id=&quot;eow-title&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;Reflection of a Pulse (IIT-JEE) String wave&quot;&gt;Reflection of a Pulse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/9OpL3OFuVXo&quot; width=&quot;600&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;
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Boundary Conditions on a String&lt;/h3&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Less Dense to More Dense Medium&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/waves/ltm.gif&quot; height=&quot;107&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border: medium none; color: #444444; font-family: latoregular, Tahoma; font-size: 16px; height: auto; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;328&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;More Dense to Less Dense Medium&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/9118739212484979231/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/04/reflection-of-pulse-fixed-endfree-end.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/9118739212484979231'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/9118739212484979231'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/04/reflection-of-pulse-fixed-endfree-end.html' title=' Reflection of a Pulse [Fixed End,Free End] '/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg83Vj50GAw2sckVkDhaHI0hM9j-7h90uicN6UZw6WK_Q4RZJ1PbWEndjgV2M2r85xwu0Ur_Dpvj9VbQzf_xjFJlgGA-r8uP0P4LQ5Q2XCwl00zbwigaxGlcQz_C8rbHzpWZoTy9skUiX4/s72-c/High-Resolution-Sound-Wave-Wallpaper+copy.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-4946679714695527857</id><published>2015-04-16T07:24:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2015-04-16T07:31:34.802-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><title type='text'>University Admission Hand Book Release May first Week</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Like us on fb.com/learnmpc to reach us..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;University Admission&amp;nbsp;Handbook&amp;nbsp;Release &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;May first Week&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Much awaited University Admission&amp;nbsp;Handbook&amp;nbsp;for the 2014/2015&amp;nbsp;Academic year has been printed now and will be available to students from First Week of May University Grants Commission sources said to “Learn MPC News”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsS0s1nVyRnvKS3lWTv-Hp3dEZBtDLRHtpnw6MbPkPcwEozxe_-2eD_qvb8GYRX0bRrsv3DzybHh7VaqVTrmCv7fXpyFZqEv6HH-Q_nK77gctvDHLqqZ29GoUu87tHxBUpwtQ1u1t_MKg/s1600/Learnmpc.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsS0s1nVyRnvKS3lWTv-Hp3dEZBtDLRHtpnw6MbPkPcwEozxe_-2eD_qvb8GYRX0bRrsv3DzybHh7VaqVTrmCv7fXpyFZqEv6HH-Q_nK77gctvDHLqqZ29GoUu87tHxBUpwtQ1u1t_MKg/s1600/Learnmpc.jpg&quot; height=&quot;508&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;The Sri Lankan University Grants Commission (UGC) would call applications for the 2014/2015 Academic year university admissions based on the 2014 GCE A/L examination. UGC Hand book, a student guide that contains the application form will be available at major bookshops soon. The Campus Application Form should be filled carefully and all courses that the candidate qualifies should be mentioned according to his or her preference and sent to the University Grants Commission. According to the sources, UGC have added several new courses to the new university entrance handbook.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;admission of new students will take place in this year September or October&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;. &amp;nbsp;Around 25,000 students are to be admitted to the universities. The university Handbook delayed two months due to changes in the UGC &amp;amp; Ministry under the new government. Aptitudes Tests details, Z score Cut Off MARKS release dates &amp;amp; University Leadership Training details will be informed near future via “Learn MPC News” and national Newspapers &amp;amp; Electronic Media. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Stay With &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Learn MPC News&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&quot; for Education &amp;amp; Higher Education News Sri Lanka&#39;s Best Education Web Site&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/4946679714695527857/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/04/university-admission-hand-book-release.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/4946679714695527857'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/4946679714695527857'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/04/university-admission-hand-book-release.html' title='University Admission Hand Book Release May first Week'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsS0s1nVyRnvKS3lWTv-Hp3dEZBtDLRHtpnw6MbPkPcwEozxe_-2eD_qvb8GYRX0bRrsv3DzybHh7VaqVTrmCv7fXpyFZqEv6HH-Q_nK77gctvDHLqqZ29GoUu87tHxBUpwtQ1u1t_MKg/s72-c/Learnmpc.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-1457325585864766582</id><published>2015-02-25T06:00:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2015-02-25T06:00:32.645-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><title type='text'>2014 / 2015 University Academic year Admissions &amp; issuing Handbook delayed</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 19.9333343505859px;&quot;&gt;2014 / 2015 University Academic year&amp;nbsp;Admissions &amp;amp; issuing&amp;nbsp;Handbook&amp;nbsp;delayed due to UGC head&amp;nbsp;resignation. &quot;Learn MPC&quot; will update the releasing date&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZTtImQwgHwpTmhvaUTftHD55RxeSea633DtUMHoUuV6BDPBGBKY165Hhi0JzkeVph1M4qYvLUonwZyZMNjaYbWtxtolOMG9jT0PQtTfG1-p2OZFITJqUPCpIK-7WFTmVLt1va136h-3M/s1600/flight_delay.600x600.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZTtImQwgHwpTmhvaUTftHD55RxeSea633DtUMHoUuV6BDPBGBKY165Hhi0JzkeVph1M4qYvLUonwZyZMNjaYbWtxtolOMG9jT0PQtTfG1-p2OZFITJqUPCpIK-7WFTmVLt1va136h-3M/s1600/flight_delay.600x600.jpg&quot; height=&quot;496&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 19.9333343505859px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A delay in appointing the new Chairman and members of the University Grants Commission following the resignation of UGC Chairperson Prof. Kshanika Hirimburegama two weeks ago under political pressure would affect university admissions for the next year and releasing the &quot;Campus Hand Book&quot; , source said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 19.9333343505859px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The UGC was scheduled to release the Student Book for the 2014 /2015 academic year for students who had passed the GCE AL examination in 2014 but it would further delayed due to the dismissal of the Council, according to sources.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 19.9333343505859px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Usually, the draft of the Student Book has to be whetted by the Commission before being printed, sources said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 19.9333343505859px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The government has not appointed a new Chairman for the UGC and commission members.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 19.9333343505859px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Secretary of the UGC, Dr. Priyantha Premakumara, contacted for comment, told that the draft of the Student Book was being finalised, but they had to wait until the appointment of the new Commission to approve it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 19.9333343505859px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;He said so far there had been no delay in this year’s admissions being processed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 19.9333343505859px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Source - Island&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/1457325585864766582/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/02/2014-2015-university-academic-year.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/1457325585864766582'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/1457325585864766582'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/02/2014-2015-university-academic-year.html' title='2014 / 2015 University Academic year Admissions &amp; issuing Handbook delayed'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZTtImQwgHwpTmhvaUTftHD55RxeSea633DtUMHoUuV6BDPBGBKY165Hhi0JzkeVph1M4qYvLUonwZyZMNjaYbWtxtolOMG9jT0PQtTfG1-p2OZFITJqUPCpIK-7WFTmVLt1va136h-3M/s72-c/flight_delay.600x600.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-160735621170096551</id><published>2015-02-23T07:19:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2015-02-23T07:19:34.218-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Chemistry"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="CNOTES"/><title type='text'>Benzene Derivatives in Organic Chemistry</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 22.3999996185303px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the chemical formula C6H6. Its molecule is composed of 6 carbon atoms joined in a ring, with 1 hydrogen atom attached to each carbon atom. Because its molecules contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 22.3999996185303px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 22.3999996185303px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;When one of the positions on the ring has been substituted with another atom or group of atoms, the compound is a monosubstituted benzene. If two positions are replaced, then it&#39;s a disubstituted, &amp;amp; so on. Many of the monosubstituted compounds have their own name.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/160735621170096551/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/02/benzene-derivatives-in-organic-chemistry.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/160735621170096551'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/160735621170096551'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2015/02/benzene-derivatives-in-organic-chemistry.html' title='Benzene Derivatives in Organic Chemistry'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWJAKmMOZameYeXy4UJaboGfpWmFCFj5Fj26bXX-NkFhUDIt5j2LEugSO4TsSzOU8Tra3xOUe2sHRJLFVa_dKdGI5C84R3FtfjD8Vcm_L9SoplcCqtzJogidS00YSOgorfklcOLXB1gj8/s72-c/uuuu.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-6683450001751579916</id><published>2015-01-21T08:04:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2016-07-06T10:48:53.550-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Leadership"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="News"/><title type='text'>Leadership Training&#39; for university entrants stopped</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 20.7999992370605px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Leadership Training&#39; for university entrants stopped&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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The Ministry of Higher Education has decided to terminate the &#39;Leadership Training&#39; program for university entrants, new Minister of Higher Education Prof. Rajiva Wijesinha told the media today (January 21).&lt;/div&gt;
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Speaking at a media briefing, Prof. Wijesinha said the leadership training program, officially known as the ‘Leadership and Positive Attitude Development Program’, will no longer be held in its current form.&lt;/div&gt;
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Explaining the reasoning behind the decision to stop the program, the minister said it was not proper for a ministry such as the Ministry of Defence to have a say in the program. &quot;Certain elements of the program were good. However, according to the handbook, this program is under the Ministry of Higher Education, the Ministry of Defence and the University Grants Commission (UGC). This is wrong. If the Defence Ministry has expertise that can be utilized by the Higher Education Ministry, it could be considered. However, the Defence Ministry should have no say in the program,&quot; he said.&lt;/div&gt;
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Prof. Wijesinha said he hoped to put in place a new program aimed more at enhancing socialization, cultural exchange and creativity. &quot;The previous program was more about holding drills than anything else,&quot; he observed.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://learn-maths-physics-chemistry.33993.n7.nabble.com/&quot; id=&quot;nabblelink&quot;&gt;learn Maths Physics Chemistry&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 21px;&quot;&gt;Commissioner General of Examinations M.N.J. Pushpakumara stated that the results will be released before December 29.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 21px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 21px;&quot;&gt;Commissioner General of Examinations added that activities ahead of the release are nearing completion.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 21px;&quot;&gt;#news1st&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Examinations Commissioner General W.M.N.J Pushpakumara stated that they are in the final stages of organising the results.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;There were 234,197 school students who sat for the exam and 62,134 private candidates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 21px;&quot;&gt;Commissioner General of Examinations added that activities ahead of the release are nearing completion.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 21px;&quot;&gt;#news1st&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #20124d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 21px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://newsfirst.lk/english/2014/12/gce-al-exam-results-released/68748&quot;&gt;http://newsfirst.lk/english/2014/12/gce-al-exam-results-released/68748&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Commissioner General of Examinations W.M.N.J Pushpakumara notes that steps are being taken to gather the results. A total of 234.197 applicants sat for the recently concluded G.C.E Advanced Level examinations; 62.134 of them were private applicants.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;Tags :2014 a/l results release date ,2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;014 a/l result release ,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;a/l exam result 2014, news,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;GCE A/L Examinations,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;2014 GCE A/L exam result release date official,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;exam result 2014, Results.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cccccc; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;2014 A/L Exam Results,online 2014 A/L Exam Results,watch 2014 A/L Exam Results,download 2014 A/L Exam Results,A/L results released 2014,GCE A/L results 2014 ,free GCE A/L results 2014 ,watch GCE A/L results 2014 ,online GCE A/L results 2014 ,GCE A/L results 2014 &amp;nbsp;today, how to check GCE A/L results 2014 &amp;nbsp;G C E Advance level results 2014,online G C E Advance level results 2014,free watch G C E Advance level results 2014,see G C E Advance level results 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/8492218676040415771/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2014/12/results-will-be-released-on-december-20.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/8492218676040415771'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/8492218676040415771'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2014/12/results-will-be-released-on-december-20.html' title='Results will be released before December 29'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb6fD2zg_ShSQ6pWRMbzTlxn-GR_P9exsR3r26IrQrN8tW8JI_nh_k_5WMK2R-07eyzMZXshEN463-aMIkb1HSb7OD0Ojd5n8SMOb2em49UvXlgGvdYgsEhBK_3b8o-2FvQNrvos0info/s72-c/10800_811291962245204_6257444228657536329_n.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-4938928254422931613</id><published>2014-11-30T21:02:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2014-11-30T21:06:33.319-08:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="cGenral"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Chemistry"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="CNOTES"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="English"/><title type='text'>secondary interactions existing in various systems</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{13}&quot; paraid=&quot;586538243&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 29px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;polarization, dipole moment and polarizability&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 29px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{17}&quot; paraid=&quot;1079894521&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;• The asymmetrical distribution of electron clouds between two atoms involved in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{19}&quot; paraid=&quot;543375166&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;a chemical bond due to the difference in&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellingError SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;electro negativities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;of the two atoms concerned&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{21}&quot; paraid=&quot;1226913672&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;or due to another external influence is known as&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #823b0b; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;polarization&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{23}&quot; paraid=&quot;1154428786&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Example :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;WACImageContainer BlobObject SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; cursor: default; display: inline-block; left: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: 2px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Image&quot; class=&quot;WACImage SCX108049312&quot; height=&quot;180&quot; src=&quot;https://word-edit.officeapps.live.com/we/WordOart.ashx?FileId=Fi%3DSDE0BBC3627D750B83%21183%26C%3D5_810_BAY-SKY-WAC-WSHI%26ak%3Dm%253Den%252Dus&amp;amp;ImageId=%7Bba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd%7D%7B26%7D&amp;amp;CellId=%7B7a1bb8d8-aa5f-4237-9adc-4d5b9ab9bdc0%7D%7B1%7D&amp;amp;ObjectDataBlobId=%7B8cf08e48-1eb0-5601-89b2-4097196899e8%7D%7B1%7D&amp;amp;w=7.125&amp;amp;h=3.541667&amp;amp;StyleId=15508&amp;amp;png=true&amp;amp;Canary=6Rhv3w7eFvKkLq0YEf9qYuAHQsTl47WA8fqKMZFTcuU%3D%2C635523999580721416&amp;amp;strict=false&amp;amp;lcSessionId=02C53B9B-5C28-4E00-8BD7-C44F1D436032&amp;amp;lcMachineId=43ade4c804f0&amp;amp;lcClusterId=SG1B&amp;amp;lcBackup=true&amp;amp;usid=f40b7538-bd12-4042-baa0-e77eb917404d&amp;amp;build=16.0.3327.3020&amp;amp;waccluster=SG1B&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: none; list-style: none; margin: 1px; max-width: 100%; outline: none; padding: 2px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{30}&quot; paraid=&quot;1930669499&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;• The product of the charge (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;δ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;) present on individual atoms in such a molecule&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;and the length of the bond between the atoms is called the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #823b0b; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;dipole moment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;μ = δ × r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;) of the bond. In polyatomic molecules, the dipole moment is considered&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;for each bond. Their resultant is&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;taken as the dipole moment of the molecule.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{49}&quot; paraid=&quot;1633286138&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{51}&quot; paraid=&quot;391168779&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;• The resultant of the dipole moments of all the N- H bonds gives the dipole moment&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;of the NH3 molecule.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{55}&quot; paraid=&quot;1995766779&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;• For some symmetric molecules the dipole moment is zero.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{57}&quot; paraid=&quot;1117251213&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Example:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{59}&quot; paraid=&quot;1540476006&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;WACImageContainer BlobObject SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; cursor: default; display: inline-block; left: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: 2px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Inserting image...&quot; class=&quot;WACImage SCX108049312&quot; src=&quot;https://word-edit.officeapps.live.com/we/WordOart.ashx?FileId=Fi%3DSDE0BBC3627D750B83%21183%26C%3D5_810_BAY-SKY-WAC-WSHI%26ak%3Dm%253Den%252Dus&amp;amp;ImageId=%7Bba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd%7D%7B62%7D&amp;amp;CellId=%7B7a1bb8d8-aa5f-4237-9adc-4d5b9ab9bdc0%7D%7B1%7D&amp;amp;ObjectDataBlobId=%7B2f00191c-0761-53e9-be30-368e3101135c%7D%7B1%7D&amp;amp;w=6.666667&amp;amp;h=2.958333&amp;amp;StyleId=15508&amp;amp;png=true&amp;amp;Canary=6Rhv3w7eFvKkLq0YEf9qYuAHQsTl47WA8fqKMZFTcuU%3D%2C635523999580721416&amp;amp;strict=false&amp;amp;lcSessionId=02C53B9B-5C28-4E00-8BD7-C44F1D436032&amp;amp;lcMachineId=43ade4c804f0&amp;amp;lcClusterId=SG1B&amp;amp;lcBackup=true&amp;amp;usid=f40b7538-bd12-4042-baa0-e77eb917404d&amp;amp;build=16.0.3327.3020&amp;amp;waccluster=SG1B&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: none; height: auto; list-style: none; margin: 1px; max-width: 100%; outline: none; padding: 2px; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{64}&quot; paraid=&quot;803113517&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{68}&quot; paraid=&quot;874801414&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #7030a0; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 29px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Secondary interactions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 29px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{70}&quot; paraid=&quot;1407958390&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;All types of intermolecular interactions exist among molecules are commonly referred&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{72}&quot; paraid=&quot;823565885&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;as van der Waals interactions. Those interactions can be categorized into five types.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{35935be6-3342-4b11-88f2-56ae4ffc61ac}{2}&quot; paraid=&quot;885333169&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #0070c0; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #0070c0; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Ion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #0070c0; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;– dipole interactions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{35935be6-3342-4b11-88f2-56ae4ffc61ac}{8}&quot; paraid=&quot;897609627&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #0070c0; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #0070c0; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Dipole – dipole interactions and hydrogen bonds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{35935be6-3342-4b11-88f2-56ae4ffc61ac}{20}&quot; paraid=&quot;529710103&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #0070c0; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #0070c0; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Ion – induced dipole interactions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #0070c0; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #0070c0; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Dipole – induced dipole interactions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #0070c0; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #0070c0; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Dispersion (London) forces&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br class=&quot;SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{88}&quot; paraid=&quot;296075635&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #0070c0; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 29px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Ion – dipole interactions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 29px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{90}&quot; paraid=&quot;1962330577&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;These interactions are said to take place when polar molecules are attracted to a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellingError SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;cation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;or an anion. The strength of these interactions depend on the charge and size of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;ions and on the magnitude of the dipole.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{101}&quot; paraid=&quot;110406290&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #0070c0; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 29px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Dipole – dipole interactions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 29px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{103}&quot; paraid=&quot;1041209069&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;These forces are found in polar molecules which have permanent dipole,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #0070c0; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 29px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Hydrogen bonds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 29px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #0070c0; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 29px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Ion - induced dipole interactions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 29px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{118}&quot; paraid=&quot;991115163&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;When a charged particle such as an ion is introduced into the neighbo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;rhood&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;of an uncharged&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;non-polar molecule (&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellingError SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;eg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;. an atom of a noble gas) it will distort the electron cloud of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;atom or molecule.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{124}&quot; paraid=&quot;1153480405&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellingError SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;eg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;.&lt;span class=&quot;MathJax_Preview&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: #888888; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span aria-readonly=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;MathJax&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Element-6-Frame&quot; role=&quot;textbox&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; direction: ltr; display: inline; float: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-height: none; max-width: none; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;nobr style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-height: none; max-width: none; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;math&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-57&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 1.178em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; font-size: 23px; height: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0.96em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; clip: rect(1.396em 1000.002em 2.485em -0.346em); left: 0.002em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: -2.219em; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mrow&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-58&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;msubsup&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-59&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0.917em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; clip: rect(1.657em 1000.002em 2.615em -0.346em); left: 0.002em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: -2.48em; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texatom&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-60&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mrow&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-61&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mi&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-62&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;I&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 1px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0.046em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.485em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; left: 0.481em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: -2.219em; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texatom&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-63&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mrow&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-64&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mn&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-65&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: MathJax_Main; font-size: 16px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.354em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.223em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0.003em; display: inline-block; height: 1.128em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: -0.212em; width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;dissolved in aqueous KI to form&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;msubsup&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-68&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 1.222em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; clip: rect(1.657em 1000.002em 2.615em -0.346em); left: 0.002em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: -2.48em; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texatom&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-69&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mrow&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-70&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mi&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-71&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;I&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 1px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0.046em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.485em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; clip: rect(2.049em 1000.002em 2.398em -0.346em); left: 0.612em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: -2.742em; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texatom&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-72&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mrow&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-73&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mo&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-74&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: MathJax_Main; font-size: 16px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;−&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.354em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; clip: rect(1.744em 1000.002em 2.485em -0.346em); left: 0.481em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: -2.088em; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texatom&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-75&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mrow&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-76&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mn&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-77&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: MathJax_Main; font-size: 16px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.354em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.223em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0.003em; display: inline-block; height: 1.288em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: -0.372em; width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;ion&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Dipole - induced dipole interactions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{35935be6-3342-4b11-88f2-56ae4ffc61ac}{106}&quot; paraid=&quot;1361893613&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;This type of attraction is found between an uncharged non-polar and a polar species.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{b6964196-c9ec-4d96-a954-c3852d210c9c}{208}&quot; paraid=&quot;257009797&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{134}&quot; paraid=&quot;1404450490&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellingError SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;eg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;. Dissolving non-polar species such as&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;NormalTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: #002060; font-family: Bamini, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MathJax_Preview&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: #888888; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span aria-readonly=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;MathJax&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Element-8-Frame&quot; role=&quot;textbox&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; direction: ltr; display: inline; float: none; line-height: normal; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-height: none; max-width: none; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;nobr style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-height: none; max-width: none; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;math&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-78&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 5.225em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; font-size: 18px; height: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 4.336em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; clip: rect(1.836em 1000.003em 3.058em -0.442em); left: 0.003em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: -2.719em; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mrow&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-79&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;msubsup&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-80&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 1.225em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; clip: rect(1.614em 1000.003em 2.669em -0.442em); left: 0.003em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: -2.497em; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texatom&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-81&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mrow&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-82&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mi&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-83&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.503em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; left: 0.781em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: -2.108em; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texatom&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-84&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mrow&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-85&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mn&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-86&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: MathJax_Main; font-size: 13px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.281em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mo&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-87&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: MathJax_Main; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;msubsup&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-88&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.169em; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0.892em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; clip: rect(1.669em 1000.003em 2.669em -0.497em); left: 0.003em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: -2.497em; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texatom&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-89&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mrow&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-90&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mi&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-91&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;I&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 1px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0.058em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.503em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; left: 0.447em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: -2.108em; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texatom&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-92&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mrow&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-93&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mn&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-94&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: MathJax_Main; font-size: 13px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.281em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mo&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-95&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: MathJax_Main; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mi&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-96&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.169em; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;X&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 1px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0.003em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mi&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-97&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: MathJax_Math-italic; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.725em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0.003em; display: inline-block; height: 1.203em; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: -0.263em; width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, etc. in water.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{136}&quot; paraid=&quot;1035915248&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Boiling point / 0C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{138}&quot; paraid=&quot;1742771236&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Hydrogen bonds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{140}&quot; paraid=&quot;1060363322&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{142}&quot; paraid=&quot;18627972&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #0070c0; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 29px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Dispersion forces (London forces or London dispersion forces)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 29px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{144}&quot; paraid=&quot;1462007028&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Interactions between non-polar molecules or atoms are referred as dispersion forces. Any&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;non-polar molecule can be temporary polarized due to an instantaneous deformation of its&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;electron cloud. Due to the polarity of a such molecule another non polar molecule can also&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;be temporary polarized. Interactions between such molecules are referred as dispersion forces.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{ba4f2e88-92bf-45b6-8751-598b259badfd}{152}&quot; paraid=&quot;495545821&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Such forces exist between any molecules. Generally dispersion forces are the weakest among &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;all types of van der Waals forces.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{35935be6-3342-4b11-88f2-56ae4ffc61ac}{150}&quot; paraid=&quot;1924867158&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; height: auto; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #c45911; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;However, there are instances where strength of dispersion&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #c45911; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;forces exceeds dipole - dipole interactions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;LineBreakBlob BlobObject SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun EmptyTextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Segoe UI&#39;, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 8px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;TableContainer SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;Table TableWordWrap SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody class=&quot;SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr class=&quot;TableRow SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border-color: rgb(189, 214, 238) rgb(189, 214, 238) rgb(156, 194, 229); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 2px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;TableCellContent SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{0618610d-1020-4ff6-bdd3-15f0b6711fe8}{154}&quot; paraid=&quot;1748320906&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; font-weight: bold; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Compound&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border-bottom-color: rgb(156, 194, 229); border-right-color: rgb(189, 214, 238); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: rgb(189, 214, 238); border-width: 1px 1px 2px 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;TableCellContent SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{0618610d-1020-4ff6-bdd3-15f0b6711fe8}{160}&quot; paraid=&quot;1639294796&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; font-weight: bold; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Melting point&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border-bottom-color: rgb(156, 194, 229); border-right-color: rgb(189, 214, 238); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: rgb(189, 214, 238); border-width: 1px 1px 2px 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;TableCellContent SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{cf676ad3-3687-412d-93fb-c59f7e4f193e}{247}&quot; paraid=&quot;1139023384&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; font-weight: bold; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #002060; font-family: Bamini, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Nature of secondary interaction&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr class=&quot;TableRow SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border-bottom-color: rgb(189, 214, 238); border-left-color: rgb(189, 214, 238); border-right-color: rgb(189, 214, 238); border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;TableCellContent SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{cf676ad3-3687-412d-93fb-c59f7e4f193e}{251}&quot; paraid=&quot;469364797&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; font-weight: bold; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #002060; font-family: Bamini, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;CH3F&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Bamini, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border-bottom-color: rgb(189, 214, 238); border-right-color: rgb(189, 214, 238); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;TableCellContent SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{cf676ad3-3687-412d-93fb-c59f7e4f193e}{254}&quot; paraid=&quot;498443965&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #002060; font-family: Bamini, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #002060; font-family: Bamini, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;142 0C &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: Bamini, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border-bottom-color: rgb(189, 214, 238); border-right-color: rgb(189, 214, 238); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;TableCellContent SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{0618610d-1020-4ff6-bdd3-15f0b6711fe8}{41}&quot; paraid=&quot;1434462660&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Dipole-dipole interactions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;OutlineElement Ltr SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Paragraph SCX108049312&quot; paraeid=&quot;{0618610d-1020-4ff6-bdd3-15f0b6711fe8}{43}&quot; paraid=&quot;1143637408&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: windowtext; font-size: 6pt; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;and dispersion forces&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;TextRun SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; color: #1f3763; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Dispersion forces&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;EOP SCX108049312&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: text; border: 0px none; font-family: &#39;Century Gothic&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 24px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/4938928254422931613/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2014/11/secondary-interactions-existing-in.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/4938928254422931613'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/4938928254422931613'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2014/11/secondary-interactions-existing-in.html' title='secondary interactions existing in various systems'/><author><name>will</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03741523680179511260</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoNOnu3JwKibZu1GmFnhyphenhyphenAPoD59INcP2oX7cvU30jGWEULU7dN51yDOg6ZkmM5GoFV6YdvnPv9xl-wPZbTDwW9paxJfjCI1ng9D41HBx0MqjK8yTGJsTqRKSW2GnonIJ4d_sbhmw3hnYk/s72-c/secondary+interactions.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-3538266853462823742</id><published>2014-11-23T07:18:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2016-07-06T10:48:25.432-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Maths"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="MNotes"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Trigonometric"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Trigonometric Formulas"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Trigonometry"/><title type='text'>Trigonometric Formulas</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Formulas /&lt;/span&gt;திரிகோணகணித சமன்பாடுகள்&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5n65IzsTHRkTJW0cAnOhbJQPB5kr78U4Dl9BEX5xs5MAn36lVJXjR-KU8xSZDX3nLLPKO9Z3AT-BTzJSWOhtD4rHBV5JowpJNxtg-oDdkscp3AVfcjOHuW5BbJwCvu7dMiV3OAe7ly9M/s1600/trigonomery++formulas,learnmpc;+.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;362&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5n65IzsTHRkTJW0cAnOhbJQPB5kr78U4Dl9BEX5xs5MAn36lVJXjR-KU8xSZDX3nLLPKO9Z3AT-BTzJSWOhtD4rHBV5JowpJNxtg-oDdkscp3AVfcjOHuW5BbJwCvu7dMiV3OAe7ly9M/s1600/trigonomery++formulas,learnmpc;+.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$sin^{ 2 }\alpha \quad +\quad cos^{ 2 }\alpha \quad =\quad 1$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$1\quad +\quad tan^{ 2 }\alpha \quad =\quad sec^{ 2 }\alpha \\&amp;nbsp;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$1\quad +\quad cot^{ 2 }\alpha \quad =\quad cosec^{ 2 }\alpha \\&amp;nbsp;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;☀$tan\alpha =\frac { sin\alpha &amp;nbsp;}{ cos\alpha &amp;nbsp;} $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;☀$cot\alpha =\frac { cos\alpha &amp;nbsp;}{ sin\alpha &amp;nbsp;} $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #783f04; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #783f04; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Addition and Subtraction Formulas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$sin(\alpha +\beta )\quad =\quad sin\alpha .cos\beta \quad +\quad sin\beta .cos\alpha $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$sin(\alpha -\beta )\quad =\quad sin\alpha .cos\beta \quad -\quad sin\beta .cos\alpha $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$cos(\alpha +\beta )\quad =\quad cos\alpha .cos\beta \quad -\quad sin\beta .sin\alpha $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$cos(\alpha -\beta )\quad =\quad cos\alpha .cos\beta \quad +\quad sin\beta .sin\alpha $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$tan(\alpha +\beta )\quad =\quad \frac { tan\alpha \quad +\quad tan\quad \beta &amp;nbsp;}{ 1-tan\alpha .tan\beta &amp;nbsp;} $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$tan(\alpha -\beta )\quad =\quad \frac { tan\alpha \quad -\quad tan\quad \beta &amp;nbsp;}{ 1+tan\alpha .tan\beta &amp;nbsp;} $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #783f04; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Double Angle Formulas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$sin2\alpha =sin\alpha .cos\alpha $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$cos2\alpha \quad =\quad cos^{ 2 }\alpha \quad +\quad sin^{ 2 }\alpha \quad =\quad 1\quad -\quad 2sin^{ 2 }\alpha \quad =\quad 2cos^{ 2 }\alpha \quad -\quad 1$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$tan2\alpha \quad =\quad \frac { 2tan\alpha &amp;nbsp;}{ 1-tan^{ 2 }\alpha &amp;nbsp;} \quad =\quad \frac { 2 }{ cot\alpha \quad -\quad sin\alpha &amp;nbsp;} $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #783f04; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Triple angle Formulas&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$sin3\alpha =3sin\alpha -4sin^{ 3 }\alpha $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$cos3\alpha =4cos^{ 3 }\alpha \quad -\quad 3cos\alpha \\ \\ $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$tan3\alpha \quad =\frac { 3tan\alpha -tan^{ 3 }\alpha &amp;nbsp;}{ 1-3tan^{ 2 }\alpha &amp;nbsp;} \\ \\ $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #783f04; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Half Angle Tangent Identities&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$sin\alpha \quad =\quad \frac { 2tan\frac { \alpha &amp;nbsp;}{ 2 } &amp;nbsp;}{ 1+tan^{ 2 }\frac { \alpha &amp;nbsp;}{ 2 } &amp;nbsp;} $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$cos\alpha \quad =\quad \frac { 1-tan^{ 2 }\frac { \alpha &amp;nbsp;}{ 2 } &amp;nbsp;}{ 1+tan^{ 2 }\frac { \alpha &amp;nbsp;}{ 2 } &amp;nbsp;} $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$tan\alpha \quad =\quad \frac { 2tan\frac { \alpha &amp;nbsp;}{ 2 } &amp;nbsp;}{ 1-tan^{ 2 }\frac { \alpha &amp;nbsp;}{ 2 } &amp;nbsp;} $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #783f04; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Transforming of Trigonometric Expressions to Product&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$sin\alpha \quad +\quad \quad sin\beta&amp;nbsp; \quad =2sin\frac { \alpha +\beta &amp;nbsp;}{ 2 } cos\frac { \alpha -\beta &amp;nbsp;}{ 2 } $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$sin\alpha \quad -\quad \quad sin\beta&amp;nbsp; \quad =2cos\frac { \alpha +\beta &amp;nbsp;}{ 2 } sin\frac { \alpha -\beta &amp;nbsp;}{ 2 } $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$cos\alpha \quad +\quad \quad cos\beta \quad =2sin\frac { \alpha +\beta &amp;nbsp;}{ 2 } cos\frac { \alpha -\beta &amp;nbsp;}{ 2 } $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Open Sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: red; font-family: &amp;quot;bamini&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 26px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;♣&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;$cos\alpha \quad +\quad \quad cos\beta \quad =-2sin\frac { \alpha +\beta &amp;nbsp;}{ 2 } sin\frac { \alpha -\beta &amp;nbsp;}{ 2 } =2sin\frac { \alpha +\beta &amp;nbsp;}{ 2 } sin\frac { \beta -\alpha &amp;nbsp;}{ 2 } $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;blogger-post-footer&quot;&gt;http://feeds.feedburner.com/learnmpc&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/feeds/3538266853462823742/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2014/11/trigonometric-formulas.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/3538266853462823742'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6256293365627886846/posts/default/3538266853462823742'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://learnmpc.blogspot.com/2014/11/trigonometric-formulas.html' title='Trigonometric Formulas'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5n65IzsTHRkTJW0cAnOhbJQPB5kr78U4Dl9BEX5xs5MAn36lVJXjR-KU8xSZDX3nLLPKO9Z3AT-BTzJSWOhtD4rHBV5JowpJNxtg-oDdkscp3AVfcjOHuW5BbJwCvu7dMiV3OAe7ly9M/s72-c/trigonomery++formulas,learnmpc;+.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6256293365627886846.post-4409476294217203676</id><published>2014-11-22T07:53:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2017-06-09T19:57:57.628-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Maths"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="MNotes"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Trigonometric"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Trigonometry"/><title type='text'>Trigonometric Functions of Common  Angles</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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Trigonometric Functions of Common &amp;nbsp;Angles&lt;/h2&gt;
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