Library_cosmos

What is acquisition? The process of acquisition in academic libraries, special libraries and public libraries.

noreply@blogger.com (Himanti) — Tue, 20 Jul 2021 15:31:00 +0000

Acquisition is a process of selecting, ordering and acquiring various materials or documents for library and information centers and then maintain the record of your purchase. Every library system have a collection development policy and keeping that policy in mind every library have to build-up the collection of the library. The acquisition is not a one step process it involves various kind of act. The first step is pre-order bibliographic searching of the catalogue of library to avoid the duplication of the library material which are not even required in more quantity. Then the selected materials are ordered. There are various kind ok method for acquiring the materials such as gift, subscription, purchase. Then the selected and ordered materials are received by the library and they are checked by the library staff for their quality, quantity, processing invoices, making payment to the vendor etc. This is done to ensure the library receive what is ordered by the library nothing else and the received material is of the same quantity as it was ordered. And the last step is maintaining the necessary records for this process.

It is the first function of Library Technical Services other functions are cataloging and collections management which are performed after the acquisition process. Acquisitions is a responsibility handled by the Acquisition Department. And this department is responsible for all the acquired materials library have. In case of historical libraries the process of library material acquisition is handled by library staff and the final decision is of the librarian. This case is still true for most of the small libraries. But in case of large libraries and the information centers with large collection all the activity related to acquisition is exhibited by the Acquisition Department. Acquisition department is also known as acquisition unit.

What is the function of Acquisitions?

Though the basic function we understand the acquisition department perform is of acquiring the books or documents. But function of the Acquisitions department goes beyond just buying books. Here are listed some functions which are included in the responsibility of acquisition department:

To order, claim, receive, preserve, and pay for all library materials.
To handle licensing agreements for electronic publications and on-line services.
To monitor, coordinate, implement, and evaluate all collection related activities.
To check-in, organize, and perform shelf preparation for all serials.
To perform gift and exchange activities.
To select and evaluate sources of supply.
To provide management and financial reports and statistics

Acquisitions in a Small School/College Library

The prime aim of the library of school and college library is to have the documents that support the curriculum the school and collage library have for the students. The chief aim is to follow the area which have the content that is taught in the courses.

Acquisitions Procedures that School Libraries follows:

Most of the library just have librarian that deals with all the main work library have to do like collection development : acquisition, classification, cataloguing, circulation, information literacy etc. For the selection policy for library material the library professionals seek input from the specialist and teachers (professional staff) and students. the activities like weeding out is also exhibited by the librarian in the school library. The decision related to subscription of any item and whether they have to purchase the gift is purely the decision of librarian or any higher authority. This all are under the guidance of policy guidelines.

Example: School Library Acquisitions Procedures

Selection of learning resources (professional personnel will evaluate available resources and curriculum needs). They will consult with the subject specialist and also ask students requirements through suggestion box. Also look for the duplication of material through library catalogue.
Recommendations for purchase involve administrators, teachers, students, district personnel, and community members, as appropriate.
Even the gift material is required to be judged if your library have the need of the donated documents or not. whether the donated documents have reliability, validity and currency.
Selection is an ongoing process it include weeding out (removing materials that are no longer used or needed), adding materials (collection development as library is a growing organism) and replacing lost and worn materials that still have educational value.

Acquisitions in a Special Library

In a special library and libraries of business schools, engineering institutions, medical library, agricultural library etc. acquisitions functions are performed to support the research needs of the scholar of the organization and collections are built chiefly in its area of specialization that will provide more micro level information to support the research.

Acquisitions in an Academic Library

In large academic libraries acquisitions units are often organized and have different departments (the material types to be ordered, generally categorized as either a monographs units, serials or periodicals unit, and further subdivided by the country or region of the world or by languages).

Acquisitions Procedures in Academic Libraries

The ideal condition is many members of a library’s staff are responsible for reviewing material for purchase or acquisition. There is a selection policy that outline the specific areas in which a library will collect, and professional library staff should be assigned for the selection of material for specific collection areas. Librarians may consult from faculty about purchase, but the final acquisition decisions are the responsibility of the librarian.

Example: Academic Library Acquisitions Procedures

Item selection is done by professional librarians with support from the faculty (subject experts). Each expert is responsible for recommending material for purchase in their assigned subject areas. And the librarian look for the actual need of the material in library.

Acquisitions in a Public Library

Public libraries purchase materials of general and broader interest containing information for all people in the communities they provide services to.

Acquisitions Procedures in Public Libraries

In larger public libraries, more than one member is responsible for the collection development in case of an ideal environment. The selection policy will outline the specific areas in which a library collects materials. Those areas should be identified and selectors should be assigned for the identified collection areas. These selectors are the experts of his/her area. In case of smaller libraries, one person may be responsible for selecting resources.

Example: Public Library Acquisitions Procedures

The manager of the main library and professionals of different branches and mobile services have the system-wide responsibility for the overall selection and maintenance of all materials and formats within the collection of the library. This responsibility is monitored by the library director and assistant director, and is delegated to these individuals as a result of their education, training, experience, and job classification.
All materials and formats are selected or approved for the library’s collection by staff members who are qualified to do so by reason of education, training, experience, knowledge of subject area, and job classification.
Approved materials can be selected for the various collections within each branch library or mobile services unit.

Acquisitions in a National Library

National libraries house the collection of the most important works in that country. One of the purposes of a national library is national bibliographic control. The national library provide following functions and the collection development is accordingly:

Provide leadership among the nation’s libraries
Serve as a permanent depository of all publications issued in the country
Acquire other types of material, provide bibliographical services
Serve as coordinating centre for co-operative activities
Provide service to government.

Selection Guidelines:

Decide whether a particular title should be purchased, look for the duplication
Decide on the location for which book should be catalogued
Decide on which fund should be charged
Does the item support an academic department’s instructional or research programs?
Does the item represent content not already available in another title in the collection?
Is the title at the appropriate level for this university?
Is the item affordable?
Is there already a copy in the Library?
Should a duplicate copy be acquired?
Send order request to Acquisitions

Process of ordering an item:

Receive order request
Review request to make sure that it is complete
If an unwanted duplicate arrives, return order request to selector with this information and the reason for cancellation.
Decide on the method of acquisition.
May check Books-In-Print and other sources to make sure that item is available, at what price, and from what source
Select vendor from whom item can be obtained
Upon receipt, the “on order” status is changed to “in process” as the material is passed to Cataloging.
Query vendor if order is not supplied on a timely basis; respond to any questions from vendor about format, edition, cost, etc. Reorder from another vendor if order is refused by first vendor.
Receive item and invoice
Update on-line acquisitions system with receipt information
Approve invoice for payment and forward invoice to Fiscal Office.

Search Strategies and Search Techniques

noreply@blogger.com (Himanti) — Mon, 19 Jul 2021 09:07:00 +0000

For any kind of search you have to look for this few thing to optimize your searching:

Define what you are searching for
Decide where to search
Develop a search strategy
Refine your search strategy
Save your search for future use.

Decide the topic of your search

For searching something you have to decide the topic of search first. You have to select the search topic and have to refine the topic and formulate the search question. your search question should clearly define the objective of your search. In other words, you have to decide a broad topic then have to refine the topic by reframing the question that interests you.

For example:

Broad topic: Services provided by libraries.
Main focus topic: Academic libraries.
Topic stated as a question: "What are the services provided by college libraries, how ICT helps in improvement of college libraries?"

Identify the main concepts in your question

Once you have a searchable question, highlight the major concepts. For example: “What are the services provided by college libraries, how ICT helps in improvement of college libraries?”

You should then find keywords and phrases to express the different concepts. For example, the concept “services of college libraries” covers a wide range of key terms, including library services, Academic library services, college library services.

If you are researching any topic then you might use a search model. PICO helps you identify the concepts within your research question.

Patron: Who is the intended audience to whom information being delivered to?
Information: What kind of information is being delivered? Is it for general audience which is basic in nature or is it for the special or scholarly use the advance kind of content?
Comparison: How much better is this information than another? What are the alternatives? The authority, currency, scope, coverage and other factors?
Outcome: How is the effect measured? What can be achieved?

List synonyms for each concept. You may wish to include variant spellings or endings (plural, singular terms). Exclude parts of the PICO that do not relate to your search question. For example, you may not be drawing any comparisons in your research.

The most effective way to search is use of subject-specific databases and they are helpful to search the scholarly content or articles. However, you can also search the Library for common information sources, such as government documents, grey literature, patents and statistics.

Choose a database

The databases helps in providing a peer reviewed databases containing scholarly articles from all over the world removing all the demographic barriers. Scopus and Web of Science hold expansive records of research literature, including conference proceedings, letters and grey literature. Many databases have links to full-text articles where the Library has a subscription.

Each database works differently so you need to adapt your search strategy for each database. You may wish to develop a number of separate search strategies if your research covers several different areas. You have to test your strategies and refine them after you have reviewed the search results according to the lacuna you have found.

How a search strategy looks in practice: there is subject heading and keyword searches that have been carried out for each concept within our research question and how they have been combined using Boolean operators. It also shows where keyword techniques like truncation, wildcards and adjacency searching have been used.

What is Search Strategy?
Search strategies are ways of using search terms in finding required information from search tools, such as search engines (Google), the library catalogue and online databases. A search strategy is an organized structure of key terms used to search a database. The search strategy combines the key concepts of your search question in order to retrieve accurate results.
Your search strategy will account for all:
possible search terms
keywords and phrases
truncated and wildcard variations of search terms
subject headings (where applicable)
To achieve good search results, it is necessary to use search strategies

Search strategy techniques

The following are some of the most common search strategies that are applicable to various searching tools.

Choose search terms

One concept can be expressed in different ways eg “self-esteem” might be referred to as “self-worth”. Your aim is to consider each of your concepts and come up with a list of the different ways they could be expressed.

To find alternative keywords or phrases for your concepts try the following:

Use a thesaurus to identify synonyms.
Search for your concepts on a search engine like Google Scholar, scanning the results for alternative words and phrases.
Examine relevant abstracts or articles for alternative words, phrases and subject headings

As you search and scan articles and abstracts, you may discover different key terms to enhance your search strategy.

Search with keywords

Keywords are free text words and phrases. Database search strategies use a combination of free text and subject headings (where applicable).

A keyword search usually looks for your search terms in the title and abstract of a reference. You may wish to search in title fields only if you want a small number of specific results.

Some databases will find the exact word or phrase, so make sure your spelling is accurate or you will miss references.

Search for the exact phrase

If you want words to appear next to each other in an exact phrase, use quotation marks, eg “acquisition" searching decreases the number of results you get and makes your results more relevant. Most databases allow you to search for phrases, but check the database guide if you are unsure.

Truncation and wildcard searches

You can use truncated and wildcard searches to find variations of your search term. Truncation is useful for finding singular and plural forms of words and variant endings.

Many databases use an asterisk (*) as their truncation symbol. Check the database help section if you are not sure which symbol to use. For example, “librar*” will find library, libraries, librarian etc. A wildcard finds variant spellings of words. Use it to search for a single character, or no character.

There are sometimes different symbols to find a variable single character. For example, in the Medline database, “wom#n” will find woman and also women.

Use adjacency searching for more accurate results

You can specify how close two words appear together in your search strategy. This can make your results more relevant; generally the closer two words appear to each other, the closer the relationship is between them.

In OvidSP databases (like Medline), searching for “physician ADJ3 relationship” will find both physician and relationship within two major words of each other, in any order. This finds more papers than "physician relationship".

Using this adjacency retrieves papers with phrases like "physician patient relationship", "patient physician relationship", "relationship of the physician to the patient" and so on.

Searching with subject headings

Database subject headings are controlled vocabulary terms that a database uses to describe what an article is about.

Using appropriate subject headings enhances your search and will help you to find more results on your topic. This is because subject headings find articles according to their subject, even if the article does not use your chosen key words.

You should combine both subject headings and keywords in your search strategy for each of the concepts you identify. This is particularly important if you are undertaking a systematic review or an in-depth piece of work

Subject headings may vary between databases, so you need to investigate each database separately to find the subject headings they use. For example, for Medline you can use MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) and for Embase you can use the EMTREE thesaurus.

Use Boolean logic to combine search terms

Boolean operators (AND, OR and NOT) allow you to try different combinations of search terms or subject headings.

Databases often show Boolean operators as buttons or drop-down menus that you can click to combine your search terms or results.

The main Boolean operators are:

OR is used to find articles that mention either of the topics you search for.

AND is used to find articles that mention both of the searched topics.

NOT excludes a search term or concept. It should be used with caution as you may inadvertently exclude relevant references.

For example, searching for “self-esteem NOT eating disorders” finds articles that mention self-esteem but removes any articles that mention eating disorders.

And combines search terms so that each search result contains all of the terms. For example, travel and Europe find articles that contain both travel and Europe.
Or combines search terms so that each search result contains at least one of the terms. For example, college or university finds results that contain either college or university.
Not excludes terms so that each search result does not contain any of the terms that follow it. For example, television not cable finds results that contain television but not cable.

Citation searching

Citation searching is a method to find articles that have been cited by other publications.

Use citation searching to:

find out whether articles have been cited by other authors
find more recent papers on the same or similar subject
discover how a known idea or innovation has been confirmed, applied, improved, extended, or corrected
help make your literature review more comprehensive.

You can use cited reference searching in:

Cited reference searching can complement your literature search. However be careful not to just look at papers that have been cited in isolation. A robust literature search is also needed to limit publication bias.

Parenthesis

You can use parentheses to build a search with a combination of Boolean Operators.
Take a look at the illustrations below - the search terms and Boolean Operators are identical, but the parentheses create two very different searches. Using parentheses in your Boolean search, is a lot like using them in arithmetic - the search inside the parentheses is done first.
The blue area in the first illustration represents the results that would be returned for the search (Cetacean OR Whale) AND Pacific, which yields 633 results and gives us articles with the following combinations:
Cetacean, Pacific
Whale, Pacific
Cetacean, Whale, Pacific
Note that Cetacean and Whale may or may not be present, but Pacific will appear in every search result. This is because Cetacean and Whale are linked with OR while Pacific is added to the search with AND.

The blue area in the second illustration represents the results that would be returned for the search Cetacean OR (Whale AND Pacific), which yields 1718 results and gives us articles with the following combinations:
Whale, Pacific
Whale, Pacific, Cetacean
Cetacean
Note that Whale and Pacific must always appear together, or not at all, while Cetacean may be the only term present. This is because Whale and Pacific are linked with AND and Cetacean is added to the search with OR.

Ways to restrict and widen your search

If your search only finds a few references, or most of the references are irrelevant to your research topic, consider the following:

Check your spelling: databases will not usually auto-correct, so they will only find what you type.
Use a broader search question.
Do you need to search more databases?
Could you add more search terms? Look for variations in spelling and alternative words.
Discuss your topic with your supervisor.

If you have too many results, you may have to focus your search and make it more specific. Ask yourself:

Have you used Boolean operators correctly? For example, have you used AND when you should have used OR?
Could you limit it by date range?
Could you limit the search by language eg English only? Using non-English papers helps to minimize bias, but only if you can translate them accurately.

Use search limits

Each database offers a different range of limits. Many databases allow you to limit your searches by publication year, language and publication type. Some may even allow you to restrict your search to specific types of query.

Limits should be applied at the end of your search after you have retrieved all the results relevant to your topic. Apply limits one at a time so you can see what effect they have on your results.

Using too many limits may make your search too narrow. In this case, you could use search filters instead.

Search by hand to catch anything you have missed

Handsearching involves selecting key journals in your subject area and searching each one individually, by hand or electronically, with specific criteria in mind. It can also be used to search for sections/chapters in books.

It helps you to pick up material that might otherwise be missed. No database search strategy is perfect, as there may be items that are not indexed or are improperly indexed, and not all materials you need may be indexed by databases. You might also have made some mistakes in the search.

Online E-Resources

noreply@blogger.com (Himanti) — Sun, 18 Jul 2021 19:10:00 +0000

In the internet era where you have the access to the web, you can find almost every information you need online. When you search for something via the search engine and you will get a large number of results outcome. But not all the search results hold the information you are looking for. So, you have to search in a systematic way using various search techniques available. Without search techniques, it is like you are wandering around without having a specific goal and you absolutely have no idea where this road will take you. It's like you have to search a particular book in the library documents and the library has not arranged the documents in any specific format. it just a pile of documents and you are searching for what you need without any guidance in randomly placed documents. Searching electronic resources will become easy if you know how to "talk to" the system to find what you are looking for. In order to find good search results, you have to learn the basic search technique.

Some basic features of e-resources:

Vast information reservoir: In present time most of the information is available online and even the users demand the e-format of the information. It crosses all the geographical barriers and the availability of the information to the users increases magnificently.
Up to date information: In comparison to the print sources the availability of the updated information is more in the case of e-resource. And the currency of the e-resources made it more suitable for the users. they find the current and updated information easily.
Multimedia format: The one of major merits of electronic resources is that they are available in multiple formats, text, audio, video, pictures, etc. There is a provision of hyper-link also. Just by a single click you can go to the hyper-linked text also.
Interactive: The electronic media is interactive in nature. It provide the interaction between author and the users.
Quick information retrieval: The user can easily get the information on internet most of which have free access. For information you don't have to wait in que. You can't get it from anywhere and at any time.
24*7 availability: For print media the accessibility is limited but in e-resources this is not a limitation. You can get the information at any hour of a day.
Multidisciplinary approach: The electronic resources have multidisciplinary approach.
Peer reviewed information sources: Many sources available in the e-format are peer-reviewed by subject experts. That sources will give you accurate and relevant information.
Various search options: There are two type of searching- Simple searching and advance search. There are various search techniques which helps in searching the exact result we need. Some of them are keyword searching, Boolean searching, truncation, etc.
Special services i.e. SDI, Alerts etc.: There are many more benefits of e-resources like e-mail alerts, Selective Dissemination of information (SDI), etc.
Standardized citations: There are many sources which provide citation in different citation styles.

What Types of information available on web:

1. Free, visible web: Surface web is available to the general public. It is also known as crawlable web and public web.

2. Free, invisible web: The deep web, hidden web or dark web are used for invisible web. The content of deep web is not found on Google, Yahoo or Bing search. The content is protected from indexing and the content is available through the website and you have to search the query on the websites search box.

3. Paid databases: Paid databases are the databases which is available only through payment or subscription basis. They have login id access and you have to make payment for it's content.

What is search engine?

A search engine is a software program that helps people find the information they are looking for online using search techniques and search strategies. e.g. Google, Yahoo, Bing etc.

What is a subject directory?

A search directory is a categorized online indexes of websites. Subject directories are collections of Internet sites that have been selected and organized that have been arranged into subject categories and sub-categories.

What is meta search engine?

Metasearch engine (or search aggregator) is an online information retrieval tool that uses the data of a web search engine to produce its own results. It basically compile the results of different search engines at one place. e.g. Dogpile, Metager, Metacrawler, Yabado etc.

How to make an effective search?

Searching the WWW and other subscribed databases for relevant information requires certain type of expertise. The kind of expertise needed may vary from one search engine. Some general tips are:

Choose a search engine, Database, directory or library in accordance with the kind of search you are doing and the kind of results you are seeking.
Consider: What exactly you are looking for?
Determine your aims: What you are looking for? Is it specific to a site or can be found in other popular sites? In what form you want your information?

Critical Thinking

noreply@blogger.com (Himanti) — Thu, 15 Jul 2021 13:29:00 +0000

Critical Thinking

Critical thinking is a rational and logical thought process. It emphasizes the creative and innovative process and product and creates a solution to the problem in a better manner that is more relevant. It basically determines the quality of a decision.

Definition

"Critical thinking is deciding rationally what to or what not to believe." Norris, Stephen P.(1985).

Critical thinking helps in the achievement of the understanding level and it further helps in the evaluation of the viewpoint and problem-solving. The process of critical thinking involves questioning and inquiring about the concept so that we can understand the aspect and our decision will be more relevant for problem-solving.

Whenever we come across a problem we seek an explanation and that explanation will help us to understand the whole scenario and we can also come up with a better answer and solution for the problem.

Critical Thinking is "the art of thinking about your thinking while you are thinking in order to make your thinking better: clearer, more accurate, and more defensible." Paul, Binker, Adamson, and Martin (1989)

Why critical thinking is important in education?

Critical thinking is not a separate thing from education. More or less it is an intrinsic part of education. that our education system has not emphasized it as much as required. Most of the students are just grasp the concept taught they don't have the critical aspect and just learn what is n the curriculum holds without having rational thinking on the topic. to understand any field whether it is social sciences, sciences, etc. the students, scholars, and scientists who have a critical understanding of their field will definitely do better in their future. So, we just included critical learning in our education system. It should be incorporated in the school level of teaching to develop innovative minds. We have to focus on this area because without critical learning our teaching is superficial and transitory in nature.

Necessities for Critical Thinking

Analysis,
Interpretation,
Evaluation,
Inference,
Self-Regulation,
Explanation.

Necessary for Critical Thinking

In a seminal study on critical thinking and education in 1941, Edward Glaser writes that the ability to think critically involves three things:

An attitude of being disposed of (state of mind regarding something) to consider thoughtfully the problems and subjects that come within the range of one's experiences,
Knowledge of the methods of logical inquiry and reasoning,
Some skill in applying those methods.

Most of the decisions either academic or personal require a critical thinking process. It is important to generate intellectual ideas and to present them in front of others in an effective manner. you have to understand the problem clearly and then have to gather the information regarding it and have to analyze and evaluate it. it will help you in making less hasty decisions.

List all realistic possibilities for each choice

Consider the merits/advantages.
Consider the demerits/disadvantages.
Foresee the worst and decide if you can live with it or what you can do to change it.
Evaluate each choice by estimating its short and long-range consequences.
Rank each factor in order of its importance to you, work out your priorities.
Make a choice.

To learn to think independently

Stop the inaccurate generalization.

There is a great diversity among the opinions people have to try to understand this.

Always accept the ideas of others which are better.

Avoid stereotyped thinking.

Always seek clarification.

Citations

noreply@blogger.com (Himanti) — Wed, 14 Jul 2021 18:51:00 +0000

Citations

"Research has shown that citations can be used as indicators to measure and evaluate research performance. We can use citations to trace the influence of research paper on other papers." As Garfield explains, “The papers marked with frequent citations are regarded as useful by a comparatively large number of researchers and experiments." It is a reliable instrument of measurement and evaluation of documents.

Concept: Citation, Bibliography and References

Citation is a bibliographic references to other works which may be book, journal, web pages or some other kind of publication. Every author have to cite the work they referred for their works. the researcher have to acknowledge the ideas or works of others in order to make their work plagiarism free.

There is a difference be bibliography, reference and citation. the bibliography contained all the bibliographic information you have referred for your work, the reference is the bibliographic details of the work of other that you actually used for your work , the common thing between bibliography and references is that they both are mention in the end of your article or work, the citation is basically the bibliographic details you have to provide in the body of your intellectual work. The one more thing you have to look in case of citation the in-text citation is enclosed in double inverted comma. People always confuse the term bibliography, reference and citation, they think mere bibliographic details in the end is the citation but clearly it's not.

What is Citation Analysis?

There is a relationship established when one author cite another author's work. that relationship or mapping have a underlying message. The influential scientists and the important work by researchers and scientists are cited more often. So that the number of the citation will help us to know what impact the research work holds. Citation analysis is thus about analyzing such relationships by author, publication year, subject category, institution, and language or source title. This method is one of the most used bibliometric method to know the influence of the research paper, author or journal in a particular field.

Must know:

What is Bibliometrics?

Bibliometric research is defined by the OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms as:

"The statistical analysis of books, articles, or other publications... to measure the “output” of individuals/research teams, institutions, and countries, to identify national and international networks, and to map the development of new (multi-disciplinary) fields of science and technology."

Use of bibliometrics:

analyze trends in an individual or field of research study's
provide evidence for the impact of an individual or field of research study's
find new and emerging areas of research
identify potential research collaborators/collaborations
identify suitable sources in which to publish

Few tools and online guides that can help you start your Bibliometric research:

What is Journal Impact Factor?

Impact Factor - What is it? Why use it?

The impact factor (IF) is a measure of the frequency with which the average article in a journal has been cited in a particular year. It is used to measure the influence of the journal by calculating the numbers of citation it's articles have.

Calculation of impact factor ?

The calculation of two-year period and involves:

dividing the number of times articles were cited / the number of articles that are citable.

Calculation of 2021 IF of a journal:

A = the number of times articles published in 2019 and 2020 were cited by indexed journals during 2021.

B = the total number of "citable items" published in 2019 and 2020.

A/B = 2021 impact factor

Journal Citation Report

Journal Citation Reports (or JCR) is a product of ISI Web of Knowledge and is an authoritative resource for impact factor data. This database provides impact factors and rankings of many journals in the social and life sciences based on millions of citations.

What is H-Index

The H-index, or Hirsch index, measures the impact of a particular scientist rather than a journal. According to Hirsch, the h index is defined as: “A scientist has index h if h of his or her Np papers have at least h citations each and the other (Np – h) papers have ≤h citations each.”

For example, a scholar with an h-index of 5 had published 5 papers, each of which has been cited by others at least 5 times. The links below will take you to other areas within this guide which explain how to find an author's h-index using specific platforms.

How Calculated: Number of papers (h) that have received at least h citations.

Limitations of Citation Analysis studies

WOS and SCOPUS don't have the total research published all over the world so the citation data is not 100% correct. Their coverage is selective especially from India and other developing countries. Hence, citation data results must be analyzed and interpreted keeping these limitation in mind.

Citations count is in reality a measure of interests by researchers in the cited work; it is a measure of the influence of the cited work on the citing work. The quality of cited work may or may not be the basis of its influence on the citing work. The results from citation analysis should be interpreted in this spirit only.

Citation data only have the quantitative aspect not include the qualitative aspect.

Many conditions have its influence in the rate of citation such as languages, journal history and format, subject etc. One of the example is that the research community varies from discipline to discipline.

Post of LIBRARY ASSISTANT at National Institute of Fashion Technology, Srinagar (J&K), Last Date: 20 Aug 2021

noreply@blogger.com (Himanti) — Tue, 13 Jul 2021 15:48:00 +0000

National Institute of Fashion Technology
Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India
SIDCO Electronic Complex Rangreth, Srinagar-191132 J&K

Website: https://www.nift.ac.in/srinagar/

Advertisement

Ref: NIFT/ Sgr/Advt. No: 01/2021

Dated: 07-05-2021 In partial modification to the Advt No- NIFT/ Sgr/Advt. No: 01/2021 Dated: 07-05-2021 read with Addendum No- NIFT/ Sgr/Advt. No: 01/2021/702, dated: 22-05-2021 and Extension of Last Date vide Notices issued under No’s NIFT/ Sgr/Advt. No: 01/2021/761, dated: 21-06-2021 & NIFT/ Sgr/Advt. No: 01/2021/782, dated: 30-6-2021, the revised vacancies of non-teaching posts (Group-C)

Post

Library Assistant

No of post

01 (Pay - Level 2)

Age

27 years

The maximum upper age-limit for NIFT employees maybe relaxed up to five years or total length of service rendered (on regular and/or long-term contract basis) whichever is less.

Particulars Details:

1. Name of the Post LIBRARY ASSISTANT

2. Educational Qualifications & Experience:

I) Graduate from a recognized University / Institution with diploma in Library Science OR Bachelors’ Degree in Library Science from recognized University/Institution.

II) At least one year working experience in a well-established Library.

3. Age Limit (as on closing date): 27 years Maximum upper age-limit for NIFT employees may be relaxed upto five years or total length of service rendered (on regular and/or long-term contract basis) whichever is less.

APPLICATION FEE:

i) The following application fee is applicable for each post applied for.

S. No.	Category	Amount
1.	General, EWS & OBC	500/-
2.	SC/ST/PWD/Female	Nil

ii) Fee can be paid only through online mode using NEFT, Net Banking, Credit Card, Debit Card, & UPI.

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION:

The selection of the candidate shall be purely on merit list. The Merit list will be drawn on the basis of Written-Test and/or Skill-Test (wherever applicable). Detailed syllabus & pattern of Written Test/ Skill Test for all positions shall be notified separately.

Advertisement: https://nift.ac.in/srinagar/sites/srinagar/files/2021-07/Addendum-II%20Dated_09_07_2021.pdf

Merger of CSIR-NISCAIR and CSIR-NISTADS to form CSIR-NIScPR

noreply@blogger.com (Himanti) — Tue, 13 Jul 2021 15:26:00 +0000

National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research

Pusa Fate , Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg,

New Delhi 110012

Notification

No. 1 (1)/2021/COA/NcPR

Dated 29-5-21

CSIR- NISCAIR + CSIR-NISTADS = CSIR-NIScPR

CSIR vide their OM No. 5-1(762)/2021-PD dated 28.05.2021 have conveyed the approval of competent Authority to the merger of CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (CSIR- NISCAIR), New Delhi and CSIR National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies (CSIR-NISTADS) into a new institute named as National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR), New Delhi.

Inauguration of NIScPR a National Institute of Science Communication & Policy Research by Hon’ble Minister Dr. Harsh Vardhan on 14th Jan 2021

Accordingly:

All the existing scientific, technical , administrative and other staff of erstwhile CSIR-NISCAIR and CSIR-NISTADS will now be on the rolls of new merged entity i.e. CSIR-NIScPR.
Dr. Ranjana Aggrawal, Director, erstwhile CSIR-NISTADS will ne the Director of new merged entity i.e. NIScPR till the completion of her already approved tenure or till further orders, whichever is earlier.

Above order came into effect from 1-04-21.

Post of DEPUTY LIBRARIAN at Centre for the study of Developing Societies, New Delhi, Last date:06 August 2021

noreply@blogger.com (Himanti) — Tue, 13 Jul 2021 14:58:00 +0000

Centre for the Study of Developing Societies

New Delhi - 110054

Since its inception in 1963, the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies has been recognised as one of the leading intellectual institutions of the global south. The Centre has accomplished a generational transition by reinventing itself in the 21st century, with a fresh commitment to forging links between the social sciences and the humanities, and to discovering non-European lineages of political and ethical thought in Indian languages. CSDS has been supported by the Indian Council for Social Science Research (ICSSR), New Delhi under the Ministry of Education, Government of India since 1969.

Website: https://www.csds.in/

Application:

The CSDS library is a research library, primarily used by members of the Faculty and Staff of CSDS. We are looking for a Deputy Librarian to lead a team of library staff to build and maintain the Centre’s collection of books and multimedia resources. Ability to generate and maintain an archival collection of documents, media resources and online collections of the Centre would be highly appreciated.

Name of the Post

DEPUTY LIBRARIAN

No. of the Post

01

Pay Level

Rs.37,400-67,000 with grade pay of 9,000.

Age Limit

50 years, Age limit may be relaxed in the case of exceptional candidates. The qualifications and eligibility criteria

Essential Requirements:
• Master’s degree in Library Science from a recognized university.
• Evidence of innovative library service and familiarity with computerization of library.
• At least five years work experience as Assistant Librarian with proven capabilities.
Desirable Qualifications:
• M.Phil. Degree in Library Science/ Information Science/ Documentation/ Archives and Manuscript keeping.
• Seven years work experience as Assistant/Deputy Librarian with evidence of professional commitment.
• Knowledge of Libsys and Koha software.
Note: Women candidates and those from SC/ ST/ OBC/ Minority communities are strongly encouraged to apply for all the above positions.
Last Date:
Last date for application: 6 August 2021.
Applications should be addressed to: Administrative Officer (Officiating), Centre for the Study of Developing Societies, 29, Rajpur Road, Delhi-110054.
Online applications may be mailed to: admin@csds.in
Application Source: https://www.csds.in/positions_for_non_academic_staff_

Post of LIBRARY ATTENDANT at MOTILAL NEHRU COLLEGE (EVENING), University of Delhi, Last Date: 31 July 2021

noreply@blogger.com (Himanti) — Tue, 13 Jul 2021 14:37:00 +0000

Motilal Nehru College (Evening) established in July, 1965, is a constituent college of the University of Delhi. It is situated on Benito Juarez Marg, adjacent to the South Campus of the University of Delhi.

Website: http://www.mlnce.org/

REF. No. MLN/EVE/2020-21/

Post	Pay Scale	No. of vacancies	Age limit	Category
Library Attendant	Level 1	one	30 years	OBC

Opening of online application: 10-7-2021

Closing of online application: 31-7-2021

Essential Qualification:

1. Passed 10th or equivalent examination from any state education board or govt. recognized institution.

2. certificate in Library Science/ LIS from a recognized institution.

Desirable:

Computer as a subject at the secondary level or basic course in computers from any institution.

How To Apply:

1. The candidates are instructed 10 carefully read the eligibility criteria. The hard copy of the online applications received without complete information or without Signature or without requisite fees shall be rejected.

2. The hard copy of the online application form duly signed along with self-attested copies of all certificates and a copy of Photo Identity Card (Self Attested) of any of the Identity Prootsie Pan Card, Voter Card. Driving License, Aadhar Card etc. of the Candidate must reach The Principal. Motilal Nehru College (Eve.) Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 11002F or before 09-08-2021.

3. After submission of the online application form, a confirmation page (Application Form) will display which will have all the information entered by the candidate with his/her application number. Candidates need to print their application forms and send it along with the following documents in a cover superscribing "Application for the Post of "to

(Name of the Post)

The Principal, Motilal Nehru College (Evening), Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi-110021

Important Links:

Advertisement: http://www.mlnce.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Advertisement-for-Non-Teaching-Staff-Posts.pdf

Apply Online: http://www.softprojects.in/

Online Fee Payment: https://www.onlinesbi.com/sbicollect/icollecthome.htm

MODERNIZATION AND NETWORKING OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIES

noreply@blogger.com (Himanti) — Tue, 13 Jul 2021 08:14:00 +0000

Academic library consist of school libraries, college libraries and university libraries and there are various loophole in the uniform development of these libraries. The University Grant Commission (UGC) has provided guidelines for the development of university libraries. There are various network like INFLIBNET (Information and Library Network) an initiative of UGC that helps in the improvement of libraries.

Lack of uniform development

The academic libraries come under different types of management, government, private individuals, organizations and societies. These types of difference have their effect in the collection, resources and services and product provided by the libraries. The development of libraries as an individual unit without the cooperation and coordination with other libraries will generate such gap among libraries.

Digital information is becoming increasingly available

In the information age every human activity is influences by the information. or in other words, every activity we perform today need information in one or other way. With the digital world electronic publishing became more prominent, now the conversion rate of media in to electronic form is increased significantly. When the printing technology was invented and established he documents which are in hand-written and manuscripts form were converted into the printed form and today as there is need of electronic data most of the documents and information are in electronic form and provided to the end users in electronic or digital form itself.

There are several merits of using electronic format of the documents:

It can be shared with the user with ease.
It can be shared with many user simultaneously.
The cost of publication is reduced.
People can use the documents simultaneously from different geographical location,
The information is provided with less cost as compared to the printed information.
The information dissemination is highly transparent and flexible.
The preservation of the content is easy than the efforts required to preserve the printed and other information.

There are many digital libraries which provide the information documents at minimum charges or free of cost, The Internet Public Library (www.ipl.org), Project Gutenberg digital library (www.gutenberg.org), The World Public Library (worldlibrary.org) etc. are some of the examples for the digital library.

The Open Access information movements results in the establishment of free journal repositories. The users can easily access the scholarly articles using simple and advance search features from this kind of free repositories. DOAJ (site: www.doaj.org). Thousands of free journals can be acquired using this portal for the free journal.

UGC INFONET

UGC INFONET project is a project implemented by the University Grant Commission (UGC). Through the University Grants Commission program to make available the scholarly articles to the academic libraries. According to this program UGC will subscribe all the important journals and provide it via INFLIBNET (Information and Library Network) in electronic format. These Journals are accessible to all Indian university and college libraries which are a part of the network. The UGC Infonet is replaced by another project called N-LIST(National Library and Information Services Infrastructure for Scholarly Content).

N-LIST programme

The N-LIST project is jointly initiated by the UGC-INFONET, INDEST-AICTE Consortium, and IIT Delhi. This project provides the e-resources to the student, researchers and faculty of college and university libraries. The authorized users from colleges can now access e-resources and download articles required by them directly from the publisher's website once they are duly authenticated as authorized users through servers deployed at the INFLIBNET Centre.

National Digital Library of India

The National Digital Library aka Million Digital Book Program a digital library started by government of India with the aim of digitization of all the heritage collection present in Indian libraries. Now a days a library have to develop and imply ICT facilities to function successfully in modern times by providing access to digital and electronic resources. The collection in modern time is provided in digital form to the user using electronic medium.

The Internet: the largest information source

The internet is a network of networks which unite the whole world at a place and it is also considered as the largest source of information nowadays. The term internet is coined around 1984 and it only have few thousand connections ang among which mostly were government agencies. ARPANET, in full Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, experimental computer network that was the forerunner of the Internet. The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), an arm of the U.S. Defense Department, funded the development of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) in the late 1960s. Its initial purpose was to link computers at Pentagon-funded research institutions over telephone lines. It was terminated in 1990. In 1991 www was launched and with it's inventory Internet became a public domain network. The Internet has become a ‘library within every library’ and without which no library can function.

Our libraries are still traditional. What are the options?

Even after so many revolutionary changes to make make our libraries suitable for the electronic era, our libraries are even today functioning in a conventional style giving more importance to printed books and journals, which now form only a fraction of the information sources. College and university libraries are needed to have adopt more recent and technological advanced method to cope up with need of our users. There is a call for change in the acquisition policy adopted by the user, the infrastructure of the libraries, providing more computers and reading materials, devices and new management devices, latest security Equipments and the training for the library staff. There is also a need for information literacy program at academic level and the libraries should provide information literacy program to the users. The concept of hybrid libraries ae also there where the print and electronic media will go hand in hand. As it is not possible for many libraries to deal with digital environment directly the concept of hybrid libraries will be of great importance for them. Instead of sticking on to the print media, we have to develop our college libraries to use print as well as the digital sources simultaneously. It may be necessary to provide a kind of combo facility for reading printed documents and electronic documents at one point. Now libraries require reading terminals instead of reading tables, which will be a combination of reading platforms with a computer connected to the network.

Library automation

Even today not even 50% of the libraries are automated in a systematic manner. The library automation using library automation software either the free open-source automation software of commercial library management software. Many libraries are using SOUL, library management software developed by the Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET). Book Magic, Koha, Lybsis, PMB, Evergreen etc. software are other software used in college libraries. Free library management software called KOHA is available and many libraries including university libraries have switched over to KOHA as the software can be freely downloaded from the internet and perform all the library household activities like acquisition, circulation, serial management, book management, cataloguing etc.

Library network

As a very effective step of IT application in academic libraries, all the academic libraries should form a network along with the university libraries. In order to accomplish the task of bringing together all academic libraries in all the State into a network, an expert committee may be appointed. The University Libraries can act as nodal centres, providing information sources peculiar to each university, like digitized theses, instructions to affiliated colleges and students, examination guidelines, question banks and examination results. The Network architecture, communication link, bandwidth, etc., will be decided by experts. Shared use of information is possible only in a networked environment.

In the USA all types of libraries come under a gigantic network called Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) which link together more than 16,000 libraries of all kinds from 120 countries. Its online union catalogue is called World Cat and it contains over millions records in many languages (multilingual form). World Cat is, undoubtedly, the biggest bibliographic utility in the world. The participating libraries input records to the World Cat and at the present rate, one record is input every second. Interlibrary Lending, shared use of digital resources and technical services and advice are provided.

A new service, OCLC Classify, is providing a DDC number for any book acquired by any library in the world. Go to the OCLC website and just type the author and title of the book. You will get a DDC number for the book. If there is no author, simply type the title and one or two subject headings. OCLC is run by the annual subscriptions received from member libraries.

Another library network worth mentioning here is JANET (Joint Academic Libraries Network) This is a British venture and it links all the academic libraries of Britain.

In India also a library network has been set up in Delhi linking all libraries in the Delhi metropolitan area. This network is called the Development Libraries Network (DELNET). This network help in the networking of libraries . But there are libraries where no network exists even among various departments of Universities.

Considering the various advantages of networking, all the academic libraries should be brought under one network. The various benefits of the network are:

❖ Networking facilitates shared use of resources.

❖ Electronic information resources can be shared without physically sending the resources and it allows simultaneous use of the same document by several persons at different places;

❖ Costly reference books need not be purchased in all libraries, they can be shared from a central location.

❖ Intercommunication between libraries will be faster, easier and less costly.

❖ In a networked environment number of journals can be used at a lesser cost, especially when electronic journals and available;

❖ Digital repositories of research publications of college teachers can be set at a central location;

❖ An information portal can be created at a central place, which will link all relevant information sources, including the UGC Infonet.

❖ Expertise can be shared.

❖ Ultimately, networks provide easy access to more information to all users at less cost.

❖ Acquisition of resources may state what type of materials should be acquired; what should be the proportion between electronic and printed sources and what should be the procedure to be followed for acquiring library collections. When a uniform procedure is followed by all libraries, individual libraries can be freed from unnecessary administrative procedures.

❖ The guideline can clearly state the choice of Library Management Software and the classification and cataloguing systems to be followed.

❖ The hardware requirements such as computers, printers, servers and other accessories can be prescribed in the guideline depending upon the size of the library, particularly the size of the library collections.

❖ In every library collection, there exist very rare and out of print documents. Such documents can be digitized and preserved at a common location.

❖ The guideline can also state how the computerized catalogue of the library can be converted into an Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) so that the online catalogue of a library can be searched by all participating libraries and library users.

❖ If a library has its own digital resources, the guideline can give instructions on how such resources can be made available online.

❖ If e-journals are available, there should be restrictions on the subscription to print journals. The guidelines should prescribe the print periodicals to be subscribed by a library.

Training of library staff

To do the activities of library and to complete the work in a uniform manner, we have to train the library staff by conducting workshops, seminar and other training programmes. Fees can be levied from the trainees. Already there are a few experts who can download, install and run the Management software they can share their knowledge with other librarian and staff. Also, librarians may need training on network setup and maintenance.

Conclusion

Availability of a regional information network for library cooperation and resource sharing can improve academic and research output in India. The network initiative can enhance the confidence level among the library professionals and the academic community by pooling information resources scattered in various libraries in the state. Libraries can procure more e-resources in less price through purchase via the consortium.

Assistant (Library) at INDIAN STATISTICAL INSTITUTE, Kolkata. Advertisement No. REC-6/2021-3. Date of closing of Online Application: 23.07.2021.

noreply@blogger.com (Himanti) — Sat, 10 Jul 2021 18:02:00 +0000

INDIAN STATISTICAL INSTITUTE

203, B. T. Road, Kolkata – 700 108

(An Autonomous Institute funded by MoS&PI, Government of India)

Date of opening of Online Application: 01.07.2021 (12:00 Hrs)

Date of closing of Online Application: 23.07.2021 (14:00 Hrs)

Advertisement No. REC-6/2021-3, KOL Date: 30/06/2021 Indian Statistical Institute, an Institute of National Importance under the aegis of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoS&PI), GoI, invites applications from eligible Indian Nationals for recruitment in the following vacant posts for its Headquarters in Kolkata and other Outlying Centres, Branch and Units.

Post	Vacancies	Pay scale	Age	Education Qualification
Assistant (Library)	05 (UR), 01 (SC) [Among these, 1 post is reserved for PwBD (VH) and 1 post is reserved for PwBD (d&e)]	₹ 21,700/- - ₹ 69,100/- in Pay Level 3	₹ 21,700/- - ₹ 69,100/- in Pay Level 3	Higher Secondary (10+2) with certificate in Library Science from a recognized Institution with knowledge of typing, computer operation and data entry.

Advertisement link: https://www.isical.ac.in/sites/default/files/Detailed%20ADVERTISEMENT%2030062021_0.pdf

General information : https://www.isical.ac.in/sites/default/files/General_InformationREC62021date30062021_0.pdf

Application link: https://cdn3.digialm.com/EForms/configuredHtml/2196/70510/login.html

Registration link: https://cdn3.digialm.com/EForms/configuredHtml/2196/70510/Registration.html

More information

1. Interested candidates must apply online by clicking on ‘APPLICATION PORTAL’ provided in https://www.isical.ac.in/jobs. If the applicant faces any problem in the application process, this may be reported to isikolhelpdesk@gmail.com with applicable screenshot (if any).

2. The online application link shall remain active from 01.07.2021 (12:00 Hrs) to 23.07.2021 (14:00 Hrs).

3. A candidate can apply for maximum 3 posts with the same registration number, email address and mobile number.

4. A candidate will be allowed only ONE registration.

5. All applications of a candidate with more than one registration number will be cancelled.

6. The upper age limit as specified in the advertisement will be reckoned as on 01.04.2021.

7. Testimonials in respect of candidate’s Age (Certificate of X/XII standard, Birth Certificate issued by the Registrar of Births and Deaths, or Transfer/School leaving/Matriculation Certificate issued by the school last attended/recognised educational board), Qualifications, Experience, Caste Certificate (for reserved categories only), and Disability (40% or more) (Certificate issued by the competent Authority(ies)) will be verified on the day of the skill test (if called for).

8. Age relaxation will be as per Government of India rules.

9. Additional working experience, wherever prescribed, means experience gained AFTER acquiring the prescribed essential qualification. Experience Certificate issued by the competent authority should clearly mention nature of job performed by the applicant, and duration of the job.

10. The applicants are required to pay online a non-refundable application fee of ₹400/- plus a nonrefundable processing fee of ₹100/-. SC/ST/PwBD/ExSM and women candidates are exempted from paying the application fee, but need to pay the processing fee.

11. The online payment receipt(s) and the printout of the online application(s) should be preserved and must be produced during verification of testimonials.

12. Mere fulfilment of minimum qualification and experience required for a post does NOT entitle a candidate to be called for online test. The Institute reserves the right to shortlist and restrict the number of candidates to be called for online test to a reasonable limit, based on qualifications and experience

13. Reservation for SC/ST/OBC (NCL)/EWS/PwBD/ExSM candidates will be as per the Government of India rules.

14. The applicants will be required to appear for an online/offline test. A skill test (qualifying in nature) will be conducted for the candidates shortlisted based on their performance in the online/offline test. The details of the selection process including the scheme of examination will be subsequently notified in the ISI website.

15. Any subsequent amendments/modifications and the important dates on this recruitment will be notified in https://www.isical.ac.in/jobs. Candidates are advised to visit the website regularly.

16. A candidate, who is employed in Government/Quasi Government/Public Sector Undertaking/Central or State Government Autonomous Bodies, needs to bring NO OBJECTION CERTIFICATE from the employer, if s/he is called for skill test, failing which s/he will not be allowed for the skill test.

17. Vacancies indicated in Advertisement No. REC-6/2021-3, KOL dated 30.06.2021 are tentative, and may increase or decrease, or even may become NIL in total or in specific category of post(s) at a later stage depending upon the actual need of the Institute. Additional post(s), if required by the Institute, may also be included at a later stage.

18. No correspondence will be entertained from the candidates for selection test/appointment. Canvassing in any form will disqualify the candidature.

19. Candidates appointed will be governed by the New Contributory Pension Scheme introduced with effect from 01.01.2004.

20. The selected candidates will be governed by the rules and regulations of the Institute as amended from time to time.

21. Original testimonials of the candidates, called for the skilled test, will be verified on the day of the skill test.

All schools need good libraries. What are the characteristics of a good school library?

noreply@blogger.com (Himanti) — Sat, 10 Jul 2021 10:58:00 +0000

What makes a good school libraries?

The school library enhances the learning outcomes of the students by providing a effective services and products. It helps the students and the teachers in academics and a good library encourages the reading experiences of students and thus it long run it helps in creating lifelong learners.

Characteristics of an effective school library?

It should provide quality services and programmes that support the academic curriculum.

It also helps teachers to integrate the information literacy skills in the learning activities of students.

The school library helps students to develop skills to find, evaluate and use the information knowledge thereby promoting the information literacy.

Once a student enriches the reading experience. He/she will become an independent and lifelong learner.

It will also support teaching and learning strategies and both teachers and students get benefited.

A good library will provide teachers the support to enhance learning outcomes.

A library is a source which will help the students and teachers to find the latest information in multiple formats both print and non-print.

A efficient school library always incorporate the latest technologies to enhance the learning experience of readers.

Offer stimulating teaching and learning environments.

A good library reflects and support the social and cultural profile of the school.

What makes a school library efficient?

A library should have skilled, trained and enthusiastic staff.

The time allocation for the services provided by the library should be adequate so that the users didn’t find any problem regarding the timing. The school must include few hours for library in his time table.

A good library needs funds for its services and maintenance. Every school should provide a good budget to their library as it is one of the crucial organs of the school.

The library staff should many planning activities. They should be a part of school committees.

The library staff should always have awareness of the best practices they can incorporate in the library services.

Guiding principles for school libraries:

Information literacy: Every school library must focus on the information literacy of their students. If the literacy skills are learned by the readers from school level it will always help them in their academics. It will also help in the development of an information-literate student.

Service: The school library should provide ICT enabled services. In present world the application of ICT is very important even in school libraries.

Reading: The school library is a catalyst to learners and it will produce a life-long learners. If we incorporate good learning habits in school student it will help to spread the information literacy skills.

Access: The school library should provide their services both in the library located in the school and through remote login. In the present scenario where due to pandemic conditions the students are taking their lectures from home the school library should work to provide the relevant material via remote login access.

Information resources: The collection of school library must support the curriculum of the school and satisfy the query of the readers.

Place: A library is considered as a heart of the institution so the location of the library in the school is such that readers can easily have the access to the library. Mostly it is situated in the central place in the library. It plays a key role in the intellectual, educational, and cultural life of the school.

Grassroot scenario of school libraries:

There are many library which are well equipped with the latest technology and have good library collections. and they also provide information literacy programme to their students. But this is not the case of all the libraries. There are still a lots of libraries that require improvement to meet the need of the current digital environment. They don't have a good collection, the trained library staff and the technical support. there are many reason behind it the major one is that they don't have needed budget for their library. So, we have to work in this area to develop a society which is information-literate.

Evaluation of EconLit

noreply@blogger.com (Himanti) — Sat, 10 Jul 2021 10:24:00 +0000

Evaluation of EconLit

Authority- EconLit, published by the American Economic Association, provides bibliographic coverage of a wide range of economics-related literature. An expanded version of the Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) indexes of journals, books, and dissertations, EconLit covers both economic theory and application.

Literature covered is of interest to researchers, academics, product managers, advertisers, product development specialists, and public policy professionals. EconLit includes information that is of prime relevance to many industries and research establishments world-wide.

Over 80% of all current records include abstracts. Also included are full-text of book reviews published in the Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) since 1993. The database also includes links to full-text of some 40,000 working papers in economics.

Scope- Including over 1.6 million records, EconLit covers economics literature published over the last 130 years from leading institutions in 74 countries. In combination with the optional full-text package of over 500 journals, including the prestigious AEA journals, EconLit provides a comprehensive library of economics literature.

Content- More than 1.6 million records of economic literature which are professionally classified, updated weekly.

Citations and abstracts dating back to 1886.

Content indexed from 74 countries.

Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles
Working Papers
PhD Dissertations
Books and Book Reviews
Collective Volume articles

Currency-Comprehensive and Up-to-Date (weekly updated).

✓ All areas of economics and many related disciplines

✓ Coverage back to 1886

✓ Over 70,000 additions per year

✓ Journals in over 30 languages

✓ Full-text option available

Accuracy/reliability- Professionally classified. The JEL classification system was developed for use in the Journal of Economic Literature (JEL), and is a standard method of classifying scholarly literature in the field of economics. The system is used to classify articles, dissertations, books, book reviews, and working papers in EconLit, and in many other applications. For descriptions and examples, see the JEL Codes Guide.

Format-

Online available at Ebesco, Proquest, Proquest Dialog and Wolters Kluwer|Ovid platform

1. For Institutional Subscriptions to EconLit and EconLit with Full Text on Ebsco

Website: www.ebsco.com

2. For Institutional Subscriptions to EconLit on ProQuest

Website: www.proquest.com

3. For Institutional Subscriptions to EconLit on ProQuest Dialog

Website: go.proquest.com/pqd_econlit

4. For Institutional Subscription to EconLit on Wolters Kluwer|Ovid platform

Website: www.ovid.com

Technical interference- Institutional subscriptions to the EconLit bibliographic database are only sold through trusted information providers offering search interfaces, technical support, content bundles, consortia pricing options, product demonstrations, and other valuable options to the EconLit data product.

All providers offer the capability of linking EconLit records to full-text economics and business articles including those found in AEA Journals.

Usefulness- EconLit provides the coverage mos needed by scholars to make new discoveries, develop important insights, and contribute valuable research to the economics community.

Search- Simple keyword search and advanced search.

Each EconLit record includes the following fields:

title, author, author affiliation, source, publication information, publication year, document type, ISSN or ISBN, keywords, subject classifications, named persons and geographic descriptors.

Reference:

https://www.aeaweb.org/econlit/

Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttrakhand. Adv. No. GKV/Estt.-II/01/2021. Last Date: 31-7-21

noreply@blogger.com (Himanti) — Sat, 10 Jul 2021 06:10:00 +0000

Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University)

P.O Gurukula Kangri,Haridwar-249404

Website: https://www.gkv.ac.in/

Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University) was founded on March 4, 1902 by Swami Shraddhanandaji with the sole aim to revive the ancient Indian Gurukula System of education, on the bank of Ganges at a distance of about 6 km. from Hardwar and about 200 km. from Delhi.

(NAAC Accredited ‘A’ Grade Deemed to be University u/s 3 of UGC Act 1956)

Advertisement no.

Adv. No. GKV/Estt.-II/01/2021

Applications are invited for appointment to the Teaching (Assistant Professor/Associate Professor/Professor) and various Non submitted along with application fee of Rs. 800/ and Rs. 1200/- (Rs. 600/- for SC/ST/PWD) for Teaching posts.

S. no.	Vacancies	No. of post	Pay Scale	Age limit
1.	Librarian	01	Level 14	55 years
2.	Assistant Librarian	02	Level 10	40 years
3.	Information Scientist	01	Level 10	40 years
4.	Professional Assistant	02	Level 6	32 years
5.	Semi professional Assistant	06	Level 5	18-27 years
6.	Library Attendant	03	Level 4	18-27 years
7.	Library attendant	04	Level 1	18-27 years

Other Details:

The application is to besubmitted along with application fee of Rs. 800/- (Rs. 400/- for SC/ST/PWD) for Non for SC/ST/PWD) for Teaching posts.

Filled in application (in 06 copies) with superscribed with Adv. No. and the Registrar, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University) Speed Post/Registered by the last date of application.

Mode of payment

Mode of Payment: - 1. Though Demand draft in favor of Registrar, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), payable at Haridwar 2. Though online mode as per following details: -

Bank Details: - 1. Name of account holder REGISTRAR, GURUKULA KANGRI VISHWAVIDYALAYA

2. Bank Name PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK.

3. Branch name GURUKUL KANGRI, HARIDWAR – 249404.

4. IFSC PUNB0406300

5. Account Number 4063000100041261

6. Type of Account SAVINGS ACCOUNT

Important Note:

1. The minimum qualifications and other eligibility conditions shall be as per UGC Regulations on

Minimum Qualifications for Appointment of Teachers and other Academic Staff in

and Colleges and Measures for the maintenance of Standards in Higher Education,2018.

2. For the Teaching posts in Management and Pharmaceutical Sciences, the qualifications shall be

as prescribed by AICTE and PCI The Pay scale applicable shall FinanceRules-2020.

3. Appointment on Non-teaching posts shall be be University) Recruitment Rules.

4. For details, please visit the website qualifications/pay levels, Recruit teaching posts), general instructions for candidates, mode of online application payment, etc. are available on this website. The applicants are required to read these before filling the form.

5. Those who have applied earlier and were not interviewed have to apply afresh prescribed application fee. However, attached format available on the website.

6. Any Addendum/Corrigendum/Dedendum/Notices in this regard shall website only. Isssuance of notifications in the newspapers is not obligate University. Candidates in their own interest are advised to remain website (www.gkv.ac.in).

Link: https://www.gkv.ac.in/circulars/vacancies/

Advertisement Details: https://www.gkv.ac.in/fileupload/circulars/2021/VacancyAdv/Detail-Ad2021.pdf

Details of non-teaching post: https://www.gkv.ac.in/fileupload/circulars/2021/VacancyAdv/Detail-NonTeaching.pdf

Application Form(pdf): https://www.gkv.ac.in/fileupload/circulars/2021/VacancyAdv/NTeachingAppFrm.pdf

Syllabus for written exam (pdf): https://www.gkv.ac.in/fileupload/circulars/2021/VacancyAdv/SyllabusNTeaching.pdf

Post of Documentation Assistant (Contractual Basis) at Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), New Delhi. Last Date: 18-07-21.

noreply@blogger.com (Himanti) — Fri, 09 Jul 2021 19:58:00 +0000

Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR)

JNU Institutional Area, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi - 110067 (INDIA)

Tel.No. 91-11-26741849/50/51 (EPABX)

Fax: 91-11-26741836

Website: https://icssr.org/

Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) was established in the year of 1969 by the Government of India to promote research in social sciences in the country.

Documentation center of ICSSR - National Social Science Documentation Centre (NASSDOC) - provides library and information support services to researchers in social sciences.

S.No.

Post

Age limit

Documentation assistant (Contractual basis)

35 years

(Relaxations as per GOI norms will be applicable).

Job Applications:

Applications are invited from eligible candidates for the position of Documentation Assistant (on contract) in the ICSSR with following essential qualifications:

1) Post Graduate Degree with at least 55% marks or its equivalent grade in any of the Social Science Discipline and a Bachelor’s Degree in Library and Information Science from a recognized university

A Post Graduate Degree with at least 55% marks or its equivalent grade in Library and Information Science from a recognized university

2) Three years’ experience of working in a library or Documentation Centre of repute or Ph.D. in any Social Science Discipline

Desirable

Apart from essential qualifications, the candidate must possess ICT skills and knowledge of library management software/ILMS, Koha, DSpace, Reference/Research Management Tools etc.

Other information

1. Application must be neatly typewritten on A-4 size paper in the prescribed format only. The format can also be downloaded through the website www.icssr.org

2. One recent passport size photograph should be pasted on the top right-hand corner of the application. Application without photograph will be treated as incomplete application.

3. Envelope containing application should be super-scribed with “APPLICATION FOR THE POST OF DOCUMENTATION ASSISTANT (ON CONTRACT)”

4. The candidates short-listed for interview/test will be informed by post and e-mail. The ICSSR will not be responsible for any postal delay.

Address

Application, filled in the given format along with relevant copies of certificates, must reach on or before 18/07/2021 to:

The Administrative Officer, ICSSR, JNU Institutional Area, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi – 110067.

Last date of receiving filled in applications: 18/07/2021

Important links

Advertisement: https://icssr.org/jobs/documentation-assistants-contractual-basis

Application Form: https://icssr.org/sites/default/files/da-formt-2021.docx

Annotated bibliography? How to give annotated bibliography in MLA and APA Citation style?

noreply@blogger.com (Himanti) — Fri, 09 Jul 2021 17:55:00 +0000

What Is an Annotated Bibliography?

An annotated bibliography is a list of citations to books, articles, and documents. For every citation there is a brief descriptive summary which is about 150 words in length. This annoted bibliography is used to give the reader brief information about the article so that he/she can easily understand the relevance of the article and can decide if he want to read the full article or not.

What is the difference between Annotations vs. Abstracts?

Abstracts are the purely descriptive summaries often found at the beginning of scholarly journal articles or in periodical indexes. Annotations are descriptive and critical in nature; they may describe the author's point of view, authority, or clarity and appropriateness of expression. The abstract mentioned in an article show what has been done in the result, using what methodology and the result found in a brief manner. Whereas, the annotated bibliography provides citation and the critical evaluation of the article and give user its relevance and importance.

The Process involved in the creation of annotated bibliography

For creating an annotated bibliography, a person must have a variety of intellectual skills: concise exposition, succinct analysis, and informed library research.

First, locate and record citations to books, periodicals, and documents that may contain useful information and ideas on your topic. The next step involves the examination and review of the documents. Then choose those works that provide a variety of perspectives on your topic.

Cite the book, article, or document using the appropriate style.

There are many styles available to cite the Document and for the reference of the document.

Write a concise annotation that summarizes the whole document in a consised form and scope of the book or article. It should incorporate the following: (a) evaluate the authority or background of the author, (b) comment on the intended audience, (c) compare or contrast this work with another you have cited, or (d) explain how this work illuminates your bibliography topic.

Critically Appraising the Book, Article, or Document

For information on the author's background and views, ask at the reference desk for help finding appropriate biographical reference materials and book review sources. There are many sources available which will help you to evaluate the author. You can also see the qualification of the author, the experience author have in his field, the other publication of the author and the number of citation in his work, etc.

How to Choose the Correct Citation Style

There are many citations style available two of them are the Modern Language Association (MLA) and the American Psychological Association (APA) styles.

What Information we have to Collect from a Documents:

MLA Citation for an WORK COLLECTED IN AN ANTHOLOGY LEAD INFORMATION: CITATION NOTES:

Author. Ehrenreich, Barbara.

Title of Source. “Serving in Florida.” 2009.

Title of container, Everybody’s an Author,

Other contributors, edited by Andrea Lunsford et al.,

Version,

Number,

Publisher, W. W. Norton and Company,

Publication date, 2013,

Location. pp. 761-774

THE FINAL WORKS CITED ENTRY:

Ehrenrich, Barbara. “Serving in Florida.” 2009. Everybody’s an Author, edited by Andrea Lunsford et al., W.W. Norton and Company, 2013, pp. 761-774.

Sample Annotated Bibliography Entries

APA (American Psychological Association)

The following example uses APA style (Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edition, 2019) for the journal citation:

Reference:

Gupta, D. K. (2016). Everything is Marketing: An Analysis of Functional Relationships of Marketing and Libraries. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 36 (3), 126–130. https://doi.org/10.14429/djlit.36.3.9888

In-text Citation: (Gupta,2016)

Abstract

The scope of marketing in libraries is unlimited but has not been fully explored. To understand it more precisely, the scope of marketing by way of its function needs to be understood. The functions of marketing include: Buying, selling, transporting, storing, standardisation and grading, financing, risk taking and market information functions. A relationship between marketing functions and library operations has been established. It is found that the scope of marketing is greater than envisaged in professional literature and most of the library functions can be covered in marketing gamut. Looking at library functions from marketing angle offers greater scope of library marketing

Annotated Bibliography

Waite, L., Goldschneider, F., & Witsberger, C. (1986). Nonfamily living and the erosion of traditional family orientations among young adults. American Sociological Review, 51, 541-554.

The authors, researchers at the Rand Corporation and Brown University, use data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Women and Young Men to test their hypothesis that nonfamily living by young adults alters their attitudes, values, plans, and expectations, moving them away from their belief in traditional sex roles. They find their hypothesis strongly supported in young females, while the effects were fewer in studies of young males. Increasing the time away from parents before marrying increased individualism, self-sufficiency, and changes in attitudes about families. In contrast, an earlier study by Williams cited below shows no significant gender differences in sex role attitudes as a result of nonfamily living.

MLA (Modern Language Association)

This example uses MLA style (MLA Handbook, 8th edition, 2016) for the journal citation:

Reference

Gupta, D. K. “Everything is Marketing: An Analysis of Functional Relationships of Marketing and Libraries. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, vol. 51, no. 3, 2016, pp. 126–130. https://doi.org/10.14429/djlit.36.3.9888

In-text Citation: (Gupta, 126-130)

Abstract

The scope of marketing in libraries is unlimited but has not been fully explored. To understand it more precisely, the scope of marketing by way of its function needs to be understood. The functions of marketing include: Buying, selling, transporting, storing, standardization and grading, financing, risk taking and market information functions. A relationship between marketing functions and library operations has been established. It is found that the scope of marketing is greater than envisaged in professional literature and most of the library functions can be covered in marketing gamut. Looking at library functions from marketing angle offers greater scope of library marketing.

Annotated bibliography

Waite, Linda J., et al. "Nonfamily Living and the Erosion of Traditional Family Orientations Among Young Adults." American Sociological Review, vol. 51, no. 4, 1986, pp. 541-554.

Significance of literature review in research methodology?

noreply@blogger.com (Himanti) — Thu, 08 Jul 2021 18:38:00 +0000

What is literature review?

The existing information of any field in recorded form is known as the literature of the particular field. the search for the literature is known as literature search and the whole process of reviewing the recorded earlier work is known as literature review.

Literature review is a systematic and comprehensive analysis of books, scholarly articles and other sources relevant to a specific topic providing a base of knowledge on a topic. It is an intrinsic part of any research. Because to start any research you must have in depth knowledge of the topic to find out the loophole the subject field have. it also helps to find out what already have been done in the field to minimize the repetitiveness of the research which is absolutely have no value. A true scholar cannot pursue his search for truth and knowledge without having the guidance of the published and unpublished research in this area.

Scope

It is a vital step for a researcher to go through the route of literature review.
It helps the researcher to find out the gaps in current research.
It helps us know what already has been done and how it has been done and what is the results.

Benefits

Help us to formulate a clear and specified research problem.
It reveals all the work that has been performed and their conclusion that we must consider before starting our research.
Suggest better plan and approaches to research.
Help to understand the theoretical approaches of the problem.

Types of literature review

Selective literature review.
Stand alone literature review.
Comprehensive literature review
Part of large work.

Literature searching route?

From general to specific.
Encyclopedia: summarize the current knowledge and helps us to provide the background of the subject.
Textbook: Provide a systematic body of explanation of topics which are generated by the efforts of researchers.
Handbook: Current activity summarization of the research field.
Journals: review article give more detailed and more specific content.
Reports of individual studies: provides ;what is known'.

Significance of literature review?

This investigation path will provide us a descriptive summary and critical evaluation of works related to the research problem. It helps us to provide the overall knowledge we need before demonstrating our research and how it will fit within a large field of study.

It will provide the foundation of the knowledge. To start any work we must have the basic or fundamental knowledge, we have to be familiar with all the aspects relating to the field of research and this is very essential to understand the exact problem and help us to find out a solution which is most suitable without ignoring any particular and important aspect.
It will also minimize the duplication of the research. The research work is going on throughout the world and therefore if we don't dig what is already known it is possible that we generate the same work which is already known to one part of world and this makes all the hard work to go into vain. We must also look for the current ongoing work the list of ongoing work is also released by most of the research institution. this will help us to do a job in our field which have the significance.
Identifies the inconsistency or gaps in the field. the loophole is a field can only be detected with high level of accuracy when have done literature review. If we do not perform this crucial step it is possible that we come up with a research which have zero value because maybe it already known to the world.
Identify the need of additional research. If have to justify why an additional research work is needed in that particular fields what are the unresolved facts and what are the demerits in the existing work.
It will help us to establish the link or relationship between the existing work we come across. The formulation of the link will help us to understand the topic better.
It will help us to work within the context of existing research work.

Role of ICT in library and information science?

noreply@blogger.com (Himanti) — Thu, 08 Jul 2021 14:02:00 +0000

The Role of ICT in libraries

The emergence of ICT is the new paradigm to extend the level of library operation and services. The ICT made it possible for libraries to tackle the present environment and demands is a faster and approachable manner. The quality of library services will not match the digital society if the libraries does not incorporate the ICT application for the betterment of the services.

A service/ information is useful only if it provided to the right user at right time, in right format and accessible from anywhere. And ICT plays a big role in completion of this vision.

There are several tools which a library uses. Like Communication technology, Remote control technology and Social media etc.
ICT is providing security to the library materials with the help of RFID technology, closed-circuit television (CCTV) and others,
QR codes to store data about libraries library staff etc.
Digital library era need technology prominent libraries and the entire reading material depends on computer and networks.
Resource sharing (libraries consortia) is also an increasing in scope and to cope up with the various limitations of having less financial sources. The role of technology is very much significant for cooperative acquisition, cooperative processing, exchange of information material, joint publication, networking etc.
Use of library management software like Koha, Soul 2.0, NewGen Lib, etc. The ICT is used for the various housekeeping operations ex., acquisition, circulation, serial management, stock verification etc.

ICT and libraries services

OPAC (Online Public Access Catalogue)
Reference/ ILL services
Reprographic services
Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI) services
Document Delivery Service
Bibliographic Service
Translation Services
Database Search Guide

WHAT IS RFID? APPLICATION OF RFID IN LIBRARIES? SIGNIFICANCE OF RFID LIBRARIES?

noreply@blogger.com (Himanti) — Thu, 08 Jul 2021 13:03:00 +0000

Radio Frequency identification (RFID)

Automated identification of library document participating in a particular technological operation involves reading data from tag memory located in RFID reader working area.

What is RFID?

It is basically radiofrequency identification i.e. the technology used in it is radio waves to identify the individual documents/ items automatically.

The components of RFID system:

RFID tags/transponder
Readers or sensors to query the tags
Antenna
Server o which the software that interfaces with integrated library software is loaded
RFID label printer
Hand held reader
Self check unit
External book return
Staff and conversion station

RFID application of RFID in libraries?

Shelf management
Book Drop
Patron self check-out station
RFID tags
Counter station
Anti-theft detection

1. Shelf management: The RFID makes the task of identification of items on the shelves easy task. it is very useful when the library staff have to check an individual book or books asked by the user. Search for the book which are mis-hevled and also the checking of whole library stock (stock verification) for lost books and book that are misplaced.

2. Book Drop: With the help of this services the returning of the books become so convenient. the books can be returned without any que and it is also flexible for staff and users making the whole process of check-out so easy. This book drop can be placed in the library building or outside it.

3. Patron self-checkout: Users can self check out the documents and other media of a library at the self-check out station. A computer with touch screen and RFID reader and a special software for managing the data of the documents.

4. RFID tags: The tag hold the data of the documents and the ownership, storage location, history and the status of the book (loan status).

5. Counter station: Staff assisted counter for the loan, return and other services. the charging and discharging involves dis-alarming and alarming of the tag.

Significance of RFID libraries?

1. This improves the workflow of the libraries by reducing the non-value added processes.

2. The services provided to the users are improved.

3. The productivity of the staff can be increased because reduces the workload of the staff.

4. The searching of a book which is wrongly placed by the users in the library became easy.

5. Traceability of the book can be increased.

6. Self check out and self check-in.

7. More then one book can be charged and discharged at one time.

8. Better accuracy in the management of book collection in the library.

Libraries or Liferaries: Why Libraries still have the same worth as ever?

noreply@blogger.com (Himanti) — Tue, 06 Jul 2021 16:51:00 +0000

Libraries or Liferaries: Why Libraries still have the same worth as ever?

The libraries become innovative and adapted with the help of technology to meet the need of the era and the future of libraries is still as bright as it was few decades ago. The reason behind it is that the library is not just a term or a store-house of books or documents it is way beyond that. The libraries are liferaries by which I mean that the library shape our academics and in a broader sense help us to shape our life. And the librarians are lifelarians they help us to make this vision possible.

Many times, we came across the view point that library became vulnerable in present world and soon like many species it is going to extinct. But let me tell you that the concept of libraries is not in the Red Data Book yet and it is not even close to that. Yes, I strongly agree that it have to modify as the time demands to ensure it is ready to provide the world a service which is embedded by all the latest technologies and equipments.

And to justify my words, I want to put forward the COVID scenario which I call COVID approach.

COVID approach:

C- Creative

Its time to be more creative in your work, services and products. Your imagination power will show you the way libraries achieve excellence in their goals.

O-Organized

Organization is very important. user will find the content via a single click but ever-growing content will always keeps him in dilemma that what is the most suitable and authentic for him/her to use. then this organized and evaluated information in libraries is always a right choice for users.

V- Virtual

even as a user we don't want to visit library building more often. And in COVID-scenario it is not even an option here. so we have to create a virtual environment for the users so that this thing will not be a limitation in the use of libraries. it will increase the number of users and the beneficiaries of our services will increase.

I-Interesting

The libraries should adapt this parameter also. Cafe libraries, the libraries where Eminent personalities give lectures, where author will share their experience, etc. is the idea for today's new emerging libraries. Tutorials regarding use of tools, virtual map guide, etc. can be embedded in libraries.

D- Durable

The more steps you take for your libraries to justify it's existence the more durable will be your libraries. It is just that your perception for the existence of libraries is wrong, it is not the time where libraries will perish, it is just that at present it needs more modification.

Today when we hear the word library, we want it to be more than a just a traditional storehouse.

What we want Library to be:

·        A space which makes creative and innovative lifelong learners.
·        A place where community can connect. Examples: Café library, Porchfest etc.
·        A place which has all the latest Equipments and technology needed.
·        Approaches like library consortia to connect the users outside the boundaries of a single library.
·        Mindcraft games and tutorials to provide information literacy to users.

In some way we have to go to the users to show them that how they will be benefited by the services we provide in the era where they can have the single click information on google. The difference between our services and google clicks are that we give a information which meets the information evaluation criteria and that cognitive skills a librarian and staff have is still have the worth.

The librarian and library staff don’t have to limit their knowledge and skills to the library they have to go to the users and the best way for that is connect your users via social media.

“Do what you love! You will find people who love what you do” -unknown

In context of libraries, maximize your effort as an librarian to make your libraries the way you want them to be when you are the user of a library and your efforts will pay off. They will let you connected to the users always.

What ‘survival of the fittest’ means in the digital era for libraries?

In the end, I want to conclude that libraries are never gonna extinct they will always remains to create better sapiens, all they need is just to adapt themselves like Darwin’s finches. And like species modifies themselves over a period of time to survive libraries also have to.

Sears List of Subject Headings

noreply@blogger.com (Librarycosmos) — Tue, 06 Jul 2021 07:15:00 +0000

Sears List of Subject Headings

Subject Heading List

Subject Heading List is the printed or published list of subject headings which may be produced from the subject authority file maintained by an organization or individual. Subject heading list contains the preferred subject access terms (controlled vocabulary) that are assigned as an added entry in the bibliographic record which works as an access point and enables the work to be searched and retrieved by subject from the library catalog database. The controlled vocabulary identifies synonyms terms and selects one preferred term among them to be used as the subject heading. For homonyms, it explicitly identifies the multiple concepts expressed by that word or phrase. In short, vocabulary control helps in overcoming problems that occur due to natural language of the document’s subject. Hence, if vocabulary control is not exercised different indexers or the same indexer might use different terms for the same concept on different occasions for indexing the documents dealing with the same subject and also use a different set of terms for representing the same subject at the time of searching. This, in turn, would result in ‘mis-match’ and thus affect information retrieval. Cross-references are used with headings to direct the user from terms not used as headings to the term that is used, and from broader and related topics to the one chosen to represent a given subject.

Subject heading lists may have provision for the construction of pre-coordinated indexing strings including headings, plus rules for combining the single terms in strings and one or more levels of subheading. Based on these rules a subject heading may also be subdivided by the addition of form subdivisions, geographical subdivisions, chronological subdivisions, and topical subdivisions to add greater specificity.

Two popular subject heading lists are Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) and Sears List of Subject Headings.

Sears List of Subject Headings

Introduction

The Sears List of Subject Headings is a vocabulary control device that delivers a core list of subject headings to prepare the subject entries of a material. It is the brain child of Minnie Earl Sears (1923) who thought to compile the Library of Congress Subject Headings into an abridged and comprehensive version to serve the distinctive needs of small and medium- sized public and school libraries. The aim is to make the library collections as easily available as possible to library users. The Sears List provides a guide for implementing the existing subject heading and also for creating and incorporating new ones. The grammar of subject headings in the Sears List is rules for formulating subject headings. These rules guide the cataloguer to incorporate fresh subject headings uniformly and without ambiguity.

History

It was first designed in 1923 by Minnie Earl Sears (1873-1933) to fulfil the demands of small American libraries for broader subject headings (SHs) for use in their dictionary catalogues. These libraries found Library of Congress Subject Headings List (LCSH) too big and specialised. Since then the Sears List has always been published by the H.W. Wilson Company, New York (Now the Company has been taken over by Ebsco) who are its proprietors and copyright holders. Its editor is an employee of the company. Its new editions are produced regularly to- incorporate new subjects; restructure the form of old headings based on the changing information needs and information seeking behaviour of the users; give new terms to old subject headings based on current usage; delete the obsolete subjects; and discover new relations between subjects.

Orientation to the online electronic environment started with the 13th edition (1986). It was the first edition to be created as an online database for editorial use. It started changes in the form of de-inverting the inverted headings to suit searching OPACs and online databases. It was believed that majority of the library users search subjects in an electronic database under natural form of their names. For example, “Library, Public” was changed to “Public library”, similarly “Chemistry, organic” was changed to “Organic chemistry”. In the 15th edition (1994) edited by Dr. Joseph Miller de-inversion process was completed. Another important change introduced since its 15th edition is its thesaurus format of listing subject headings using standard thesaural abbreviations, i.e. NT, BT, RT, USE and SA instead of the earlier x, xx and SA codes. Thesaurus format conforms to the ANSI/NISO (American Standards Institution) (1993). Nevertheless, Sears still remains a list of subject headings. It is not a thesaurus. The 18th edition (2004) has been edited by Joseph Miller in association with Ms. Joan Goodsell. Dr Miller retired in December 2012 after successfully editing six editions from 15th (1994) to 20th (2010). Its current editor is Ms. Eve Miller who has brought out the 21st edition in May 2014.

Sears Subject Headings

1st ed., 1923; 17th ed., 2000 and Sears List of Subject Headings, 22nd Edition (2018).

An idealized list, not tied to any given library's practice; intended for use by small and medium-sized libraries First edition prepared by Minnie Earl Sears in 1923 under the title: List of Subject Headings for Small Libraries. Based on subject headings used by nine small libraries with good reputations for their cataloguing. Sears placed these headings in line with LCSH format, which allowed the introduction of LC headings when necessary, and also the ability to upgrade to LCSH should the collection grow too large for a limited list. Contains DDC class numbers to define disciplinary facet.

Purpose of the Subject Headings

1. To ascertain the true subject of the book/study etc.

2. To ascertain the purpose for which it was produced.

e.g. a book entitled, “Great Masters in Art” by title it looks something related to artists, hence, one may say that the subject of the above book is “ARTISTS”

But a clear examination of the thought contents of the book reveals the fact that the book is specifically dealing with printers not artists in general, thus, the adjunct subject heading is PRINTERS.

Rules

1. Direct and specific entry

2. Uniformity and consistency.

3. Common usage

Principles of the Sears List

Rules for dictionary catalogue clearly states rules for subject cataloguing are:

1. Direct and Specific Entry/Specific and Direct Entry

This principle says that enter a work directly under the most specific term that representsaccurately and precisely its contents.

e.g. PRE-NATAL CATALOGUING

We cannot make a subject heading to such a book under CATALOGUING, it can be under COOPERATIVE CATALOGUING or CENTRALIZED CATALOGUING. Or “ROSE” not under Flowers. “Dogs” not under Domestic ‘Animals’. “Charles Darwin” not under ‘Scientists’ “Thermodynamics” not under ‘heat’ or ‘Physics’. Another example is; “Birds of the Ocean” The subject of the above book cannot be under BIRDS But has to be as WATER BIRDS.

2. Common Usage

It means the words used to express a subject must represent common usage that is:

Current spellings and terminology e.g. CATALOG, this spelling be used in American Context but in British context OR Indian context it should be CATALOGUE.

e.g. Encyclopaedia (American) OR Encyclopedia (British) or Blacks instead of Negroes

e.g. Labor (American) Labour (British)

e.g. Elevator not Lifts

e.g. Heart not Thrombosis but “Thrombosis” in a medical library acceptable.

In such cases, a reference entry is required to be made.

3. Uniformity

Means, a uniform term must be selected from several synonymous terms, and this term must be applied consistently to all works on the topic.

e.g. a term like MASKS be accepted with its specific meaning.

i.e. MASKS (Facial)

MASKS (Plays)

MASKS (Sculpture)

Form of Headings means highlighting the attributes of a work or Characteristics.

e.g. Literary works say Poetry, Drams, Fiction.

Such works be entered as; POETRY-AMERICAN, DRAMA-INDIAN, FICTION-BRITIS etc.

Types of Subject Headings

In Sears List of Subject Headings there are four types of subject headings: topical headings, form headings, geographic headings, and proper names. Topical headings: Topical subject headings are simply the words or phrases for common things or concepts that represent the content of various works. In choosing the word or phrase that makes the best subject heading several things should be considered. The first and most obvious is the literary warrant, or the language of the material being catalogued.

For instance, (i) the word most commonly used in the literature is most likely the word that best represents the item catalogued,

(ii) a subject heading should represent the common usage of the English language, and

(iii) uniformity in subject headings should be maintained by choosing a single word or phrase from among its synonyms or near-synonyms in establishing a subject heading.

Form headings: Form heading describes not the subject content of a work but its form. In other words, a form heading tells us not what a work is about but what it is. Form in this context means the intellectual form of the materials rather than the physical form of the item.

Some form headings are as follows:

(i) The general arrangement of the material and the purpose of the work, such as Almanacs, Atlases, Directories, and Gazetteers.

(ii) Headings for the major literary forms, Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Essays, are usually used as topical subject headings. As form headings they are used for collections only rather than for individual literary works. Minor literary forms, also known as genres, such as Science fiction, Epistolary poetry, and Children’s plays, are much more numerous and are often assigned to individual literary works.

(iii) Physical forms of some non-book materials, such as puzzles, sound recordings, or comedy films are also identified by form headings.

Geographic headings: The geographic headings found in Sears, such as United States, Ohio, and Chicago (Ill.), are only as examples. The cataloguer using the Sears List must establish geographic headings as needed with the aid of above standard references sources. The geographic headings and geographic subdivisions found in Sears follow the form of abbreviation for qualifying states, provinces, etc.

Names: Three major types of name headings are personal names, corporate names, and uniform titles. Individual or personal name headings are usually established in the inverted form, with dates if necessary, and with See references from alternate forms. For example:

Personal name: Clinton, Bill, 1946- would require a See reference from Clinton, William Jefferson. Cooperate: Rockefeller Center or Fort Lauderdale International Boat Show are entered directly under the corporate name heading as a subject.

Uniform titles: Established names of sacred scriptures, anonymous literary works, periodicals, motion pictures, radio and television programs, etc. are entered directly under the uniform title. For example: Motion picture such as Gone with the wind (Motion picture) or Beowulf, literary work such as Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet for a book about Shakespeare’s play. Like geographic headings, name headings are numerous beyond the scope of the Sears List and must be established by the cataloguer as needed. Suggested sources for personal and corporate names are Who’s Who; Who’s Who in America; Merriam Webster’s Biographical Dictionary; The Dictionary of National Biography; the Encyclopedia of Associations; and the Library of Congress Name Authorise on the Web. General encyclopedias and standard reference works limited to specific fields are also useful sources for names.

Forms of Headings: The Grammar of Subject Headings In order to construct subject headings consistently the cataloguer should understand the grammar of subject headings. In Sears List of Subject Headings, the forms of headings are Single Nouns, Compound Headings, Adjectives with Nouns, Phrase Headings.

1. Single Nouns: Abstract ideas and the names of disciplines of study are usually stated in the singular, such as Biology or Existentialism. An action is also expressed in the singular such as Editing or Fraud. Headings for concrete things to be counted are most commonly in the plural form such as Playgrounds or Children. Concrete things that cannot be counted, such as Steel or Milk, obviously remain in the singular

1. Single Noun e.g. ART, AGRICULTURE, HISTORY, POLITICAL SCIENCE etc.

2. Plural Noun e.g. Chains, Trees etc.

The singular is used to denote concept e.g. Theatre.

The plural is used to denote object e.g. Theaters.

Here theatre denotes drama as acted on the stage while theatres denotes theatre buildings.

Exclusive, essay means a generic technique of writing. Essays whereas essays means a

literary form e.g. a collection of essays.

2. Compound Headings: Subject headings that consist of two nouns/things joined/linked by ―and are of several types. Some headings link two things because together they form a single concept or topic, such as Bow and arrow or Good and evil. Some headings are so closely related they are rarely treated separately, such as Forests and forestry or Publishers and publishing. Some headings are so closely synonymous they are seldom distinguished, such as Cities and towns or Rugs and carpets. Other headings that link two words with ―and stand for the relationship between the two things, such as Church and state or Television and children.

Means using two nouns joined by “and” e.g. “CITIES AND TOWN” OR “PUBLISHERS AND

PUBLISHINNG”

OR the subjects that are treated in their relation to each other e.g. “Aeronautics and Society” OR “Library and Society” etc.

3. Adjectives with Nouns: Subject headings are expressed by a noun with an adjective, such as Unemployment insurance or Buddhist art. In the past the expression was frequently inverted (Insurance, Unemployment; Art, Buddhist). There were two possible reasons for inversion: 1) an assumption was made that the searcher would think first of the noun; or 2) the noun was placed first in order to keep all aspects of a broad subject together in an alphabetical listing, as in a card catalogue. In recent years these arguments have been abandoned in favour of the direct order because users have become more and more accustomed to searching in the order of natural language. The only headings that have been retained in Sears in the inverted form are proper names, including the names of battles and massacres.

e.g. American literature OR Arabic Civilization, Indian Literature OR Economic Policy

Australian Cricket OR English Fiction

Indian Hockey etc. OR Love Stories

Phrase Headings e.g. Bible as Literature OR Freedom of Information.

4. Phrase Headings: Some concepts that involve two or more elements can be expressed only by more or less complex phrases. These are the least satisfactory headings, as they offer the greatest variation in wording, are often the longest, and may not be thought of readily by either the maker or the user of the catalogue, but for many topics the English language seems to offer no more compact terminology. Examples are Insects as carriers of disease and Violence in popular culture.

Subdivisions

Instruction is given for the use of subdivisions included in the Sears List. Subdivisions are as follows:

1. Topical Subdivisions: Topical subdivisions are those subdivisions that bring out the aspect of a subject or point of view presented in a particular work. For example: For a work of a history of the subject, such as Clothing and dress—History; Religion— Philosophy; Oceanography—Research; Automobiles— Law and legislation; Mathematics—Study and teaching.

e.g. Education-History

Religion-Politics etc.

2. Geographic Subdivisions: Another aspect of subjects that can be brought out in subdivisions is geographic specificity. The unit used as a subdivision may be the name of a country, state, city, or other geographic area. Geographic subdivisions can be either direct or indirect. The Sears List uses the direct form of subdivision, whereby topics are subdivided directly by cities, counties, metropolitan areas, etc. For example: Bridges— France; Agriculture—Ohio; Italian art—Great Britain; American authors—Paris (France); Theater— Paris (France); Hospitals—Chicago (Ill.). There are only two types of topical subject headings that can never be subdivided geographically. The first are those headings, such as Exploration or Church history, that are used instead as subdivisions under geographic headings, as in Arctic regions— Exploration or United States—Church history. The second are those subjects, mostly in the fields of literature and the arts, for which the geographic qualification is conveyed by a modifying adjective rather than by a subdivision. Many of these subjects have a general reference similar to this reference at the subject Authors:

―SA authors of particular countries or regions, e.g. American authors.

e.g. World’s Statesman Year Book

National Geographical Atlas of the world

Name of the places sub-divided by subject

e.g. topics in the field of History, Geography, and Politics Census of Delhi

3. Chronological Subdivisions: Chronological subdivisions, which correspond to generally accepted periods of a country‘s history or to the spans of time most frequently treated in the literature, make such a search much simpler by bringing together all works on a single period of history, such as United States—History; United States— History—1945- 1953 ; United States—History—1600-1775, Colonial period. The Sears List includes chronological subdivisions only for those countries about which a small library is likely to have much historical material, with the greatest number of period subdivisions under United States, Canada, Great Britain, France, Germany, and Italy, and a few subdivisions only under several other countries. For other countries, the above subject headings to be followed.

e.g. India-History-1857-1947, Revolution

Lebnan-History-1982-1984, Israeli intervention

4. Form Subdivisions: Form headings tell what an item is rather than what it is about. Some of the most common form subdivisions are Bibliography; Catalogues; Dictionaries; Directories; Gazetteers; Handbooks, manuals, etc.; Indexes; Maps; Pictorial works; Portraits; Registers; and Statistics. Form subdivisions are particularly valuable under headings for the large fields of knowledge that are represented by many entries in a library ‘s catalogue. In applying form sub-divisions, the cataloguer should be guided by the character of an item itself, not by the title. For example: Children’s literature— Bibliography or Geology—Maps

e.g. Biography

Bibliography

Catalogues

Dictionary

Maps

Gazetteers etc.

There can be used as a subject alone and also can be used with some other subject or form of headings.

e.g. English language dictionary

Biography of Biographics Bible-Pictorial Works film-Dictionary Complication in the Application of Some Areas

In many areas the application of subject headings and their appropriate subdivisions is a simple and straightforward matter. There are, however, areas in which either the complexity of the material or the vagaries of the English language create persistent problems. By maintaining sound principles, following instructions carefully, and using common sense to catalogue library materials in such a way that users can find what they need. Some of these problem areas are dealt with here.

1. Biography: Biography as a form of writing are given the topical subject heading Biography as a literary form. Works that are themselves biographies are given either the form heading Biography or the form subdivision Biography. Such works are considered here in two groups, collective biographies and individual biographies. Collective Biographies: Collective biographies are works containing biographies of more than three persons. Collective biographies not limited to any area or to any class of persons.

For example: Lives of Famous Men and Women assigned the heading as Biography. Leaders of the Arab World assigned the heading as Arab countries—Biography, Dictionary of American Biography assigned the heading as United States—Biography; Who’s Who among Hispanic Americans assigned the heading as Hispanic Americans—Biography; Dictionary of American Biography or Who’s Who in America United States—Biography—Dictionaries. Class of persons or occupational group with the subdivision Biography, such as Women— Biography or Librarians—Biography. Any or all persons connected with a particular industry, institution, or field of endeavour, such as Computer industry—Biography; Catholic Church— Biography; Baseball—Biography.

e.g. International Who’s Who

Asia-Biography

Individual Biographies: Usually the only subject heading needed for the life of an individual is the name of the person, established in the same way as an author entry. Subdivisions are added to the person‘s name to specify the various aspects treated, among them Biography. As examples of such persons, the Sears List includes Jesus Christ and Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616, with subdivisions appropriate to material written about them. The subdivisions listed under Shakespeare may also be used, if needed, under the name of any voluminous author. The subdivisions provided under Presidents— United States may also be used under the name of any president or other ruler, if applicable.

e.g. Ranganathan-Biography

Nehru-Biography

Literature: A work about the history of poetry or about the criticism of poetry would be entered under Poetry—History and criticism. Form subdivisions may also be used under these headings to indicate the form the work takes, such as Drama— Dictionaries or Poetry—Indexes. The second consists of literary works themselves, and those works are assigned form headings to describe what the item is rather than what it is about, such as Literature—Collections; Poetry— Collections; or Drama— Collections. Genre headings with national or linguistic adjectives, such as Australian science fiction or Latin epic poetry, are applicable to collections but are never assigned to individual works.

e.g. English Language-Grammar

Indian Literature-history and Criticism

Nonbook Materials: Subject headings for electronic media and for audio-visual and special instructional materials should be assigned based on same principles that are applied to books. The uniform application of the same headings to book and nonbook materials alike is especially important in an integrated catalogue, which brings all materials on one subject together regardless of format. There are many form and genre headings that apply equally to nonbook materials and to books about such materials, such as Biographical films; Comedy television programs; and Science fiction comic books, strips, etc. Topical subject headings assigned to nonbook materials should not include form subdivisions to describe physical format, such as motion pictures, slides, sound recordings, etc.

Procedure to Derive Subject Headings

General Provisions:

1. Find out specific subject I.e. keywords

2. SLSH has subject headings in two types/faces (1) Bold Face (ii) Ordinary Face

3. SLSH provides headings arranged in Alphabetical form with see and see also reference (see SA)

e.g. Automobiles Birds

The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA)

noreply@blogger.com (Librarycosmos) — Mon, 05 Jul 2021 17:13:00 +0000

The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA)

1. The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA): History

The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) was established in 1987 as autonomous institution under the Ministry of Culture, as a centre for research, academic pursuit and dissemination in the field of the arts. The Arts’ encompass a wide range of subjects – from archaeology and anthropology to the visual and performing arts, enveloping them in a complementary and non-demarcated vision.

1.1 The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA): Organisational Structure

The IGNCA has a trust (Board of Trustees), which meets regularly to give general direction about the Centre’s work. The Executive Committee, drawn from among the Trustees, functions under a Chairman.

The Committee acts as a link between the Trust and the IGNCA. The Member Secretary is the Executive head of both academic and administrative divisions. The IGNCA has six functional units – Kala Nidhi, the multi-form library; Kala Kosa, devoted mainly to the study and publication of fundamental texts in Indian languages; Janapada Sampada, engaged in lifestyle studies; Kaladarsana, the executive unit which transforms researches and studies emanating from the IGNCA into visible forms through exhibitions; Cultural Informatics , which applies technology tools for cultural preservation and propagation; and Sutradhara, the administrative section that acts as a spine supporting and coordinating all the activities.

1.1.1 About Kala Nidhi

Kala Nidhi is a repository of research and reference material in Humanities and the Arts. It has built a massive collection of source material, encapsulating the entire spectrum of textual, visual and auditory data. Within the Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts (IGNCA), Kala Nidhi provides information support service for textual research undertaken by Kala Kosha; contextual research on life-style studies done by Janapada Sampada and dissemination of resultant outputs through Kala Darshana and Cultural Informatics Laboratory. Reference Library in Kala Nidhi has a rich collection of source material in Archaeology, Anthropology, Art History, Aesthetics, Crafts, Ethnology, History, Linguistics, Literary studies, Religion and Sociology. The collection consists of Printed books (1, 75,000 including 3000 rare books from the 18th and 19th Century), Journals, Slides, Microfilms, Microfiche, Manuscripts, Photographs and Audio- Video materials.

The Cultural Archives: Kala Nidhi’s Cultural Archives has collected, preserved, classified and disseminated several rare, original and secondary material on the Arts and Culture. The acquisitions in Cultural Archives are made in the categories of Literature (Sahitya), Architecture (Vastu), Sculpture (Shilpa), Painting (Chaya pata), Music (Sangita), Dance (Natya). Some rare collections of ethnography and audio-visual documentation of old masters and rare art forms are also housed in the Cultural Archives. Amongst others, these include audio cassettes of R.C. Rangra, Rabindranath Tagore’s recordings, Raja Deena Dayal’s original photographs and plates, Sambhu Saha, Sunil Janah and Henri Cartier Bresson’s photographs, Lance Dane’s collection of sculptures, D.R.D. Wadia collection of photographs, Elizabeth and Elizabeth Sass Brunner’s paintings, rare maps of R.P. Mishra and musical instruments, puppets and masks from various parts of India and the world. The ABIA Project: Kala Nidhi is associated with a project ABIA South and Southeast Asian Art & Archaeology Index. The purpose is to create an annotated bibliographic data base (the ABIA Index) for publishers, covering the subjects, – Pre and proto history, Historical archaeology, Ancient and modern art history, Material culture, Epigraphy and Numismatics. The database is freely accessible on line at http://www.abia.net. Three volumes have been published, containing more than 4000 annotated and key word- indexed references. Data base Development and Computerisation: Kala Nidhi has developed a Catalogue database of all its holdings. It is available on the web as on-line Public Access Catalogue (OPAC).

Documentation Unit: Kala Nidhi’s documentation unit has been revived. The primary objective of the unit is to collect and preserve all the material pertaining to the events or academic programmes organized by the IGNCA and to build up a reliable institutional memory. The Unit also prepares a brief write-up on various programmes and events organized by the division. It also provides content for updating the IGNCA website and publication of a bi-monthly news bulletin. Membership in the Library: Registered members of the Kala Nidhi Library can access all the resources.

1.1.2 Library of Kala Nidhi

The backbone of Kala Nidhi is its reference library that holds a carefully selected collection of about 2 lakh books. The collection comprises of updated reference books, bibliographies, monographs, conference proceedings, translations, catalogues of unpublished manuscripts of Indic and Asian origin, biographies and autobiographies, among other reference material. The library is fully automated, providing easy access to its resources through Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) terminals, and has been organized scientifically as per internationally accepted standards. While the majority of material held in the library is in English, it also allows access to books in a range of other Indian languages, such as Hindi, Bengali, Assamese, Malayalam, Oriya etc. as well as to certain foreign languages such as Chinese, German, Russian, French and Japanese.

2.1.3 Kala Nidhi: Information and Data Bank

IGNCA has been designated as the nodal agency for all matters relating to arts, humanities and cultural heritage by the Government of India to provide computerized storage, retrieval and dissemination of information on all aspects of arts and cultural heritage. Over the years, the IGNCA has developed several unique computerized multi-media databases and information systems to preserve the vast cultural heritage in various forms and make it accessible for research and dissemination. Special efforts have been made to network these programmes with various institutions inside and outside the country. These are:

❖ LMIS (Library Management and Information System) which gives catalogue information on all books and periodicals;

❖ CATCAT (Catalogue of Catalogues) which provides information on more than 1,000 catalogues of published/unpublished manuscripts;

❖ MANUS (Manuscripts) with complete descriptive information of about 3,000 manuscripts;

❖ PICTO (Art Objects) includes information on two-dimensional and three-dimensional art objects;

❖ SOUND (Sound Recordings) comprising information on Vedic chanting of Ranayaniya and Jaiminiya Sakhas of Samaveda and Paippalada Sakha of Atharvaveda;

❖ KK TERMS (Kala Kosa Terms) comprising terms for the Kalatattvakosa project thereby facilitating scholars in preparation of comprehensive text references for each term, verification of bibliographic references and quotations and terms in different texts;

❖ BIBL (Bibliography) giving information of more than 6,000 references (monographs, books, journals, articles, etc.;

❖ THES(Thesaurus) is made up of key words in some tribal languages and dialects to identify cognate terms relating to the Five Elements. This database has been evolved for the programmes of the Janapada Sampada.

Online / Electronic Databases

Humanities International Complete: provides comprehensive coverage of the humanities with full text content for about 700 journals, books and other published sources from around the world. Includes all data from Humanities International Index (over 2,000 titles and 2 million records); Wilson Art Abstracts provides comprehensive abstracting and indexing of about 400 international art publications. The subjects covered are art and architecture and computer informatics

JSTOR: includes full text of about 2 million articles across 47 disciplines. Also includes about 1.5 million book reviews. The oldest content in the JSTOR archive was published in 1665. J-Gate, Arts and Humanities: an electronic gateway and subset of J-Gate, offering access to scholarly and technical journals. Provides seamless access to millions of journal articles available online offered by a wide range of publishers.

1.1.4 Cultural Archive

Kala Nidhi Cultural Archives focuses on the collection, classification and cataloguing of personal collections of scholars/artists who have devoted a lifetime in collecting materials pertaining to their respective areas/fields of interest. It acquires collections under the following six areas and houses them in the six sub-sections of the Archives under the following categorizations-

❖ Sahitya (Literature)

❖ VastuSilpa (Architecture & Sculptures)

❖ Chaya Pata (Photographs)

❖ Sangita (Music)

❖ Other Collection

❖ Collections of Other Divisions (Ethnographic Collection)

Audio Visual Library the Cultural Archives also house nearly 2,000 video tapes and 1,500 audio recordings in the form of tapes and spools of the various audio-visual documentation done by IGNCA. The archives also maintain films on research projects taken up by the various divisions of IGNCA. Some of these films such as YelhouTagoi by Shri AribmShyam Sharma and Wangala of the Garos by Shri Bappa Ray have won National Film Awards. Access to the Cultural Archives Each collection is organized and maintained as a totality to give an insight into the personality of the collector, which would enable scholars not only to access the material collected, but also to be guided by the special predilections of the individual collectors. In future, it is hoped that many more personal collections of artists, critics and scholars will find a place in the Cultural Archives of the IGNCA, the first resource pool of its kind in India.

Film & Video Documentation

Film & Video Acquired

Living Legend Series

Brief Report with Photogaphs (PDF) on visit by St. Mark Senior Secondary School on 24th March 2015, who were interested in exploring the paintings by Brunners available at the cultural archives of IGNCA, especially the work on ‘Two Pilgrims’.

2. The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA): Working Hours

LIBRARY TIMINGS:

Working Days: 09:00AM to 08:00PM

Saturday: 09:30AM to 05:30PM

Sundays and Holiday: Closed

3. The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA): Membership

For One Week Free of charge

Temporary Membership Rs.100/- per month

Annual Membership Rs.250/- for students; renewal charges of Rs.150/- Rs.500/- for non-students; renewal charges of Rs.300/-

Life Membership Rs.5000/- as one- time payment

4. The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA): Facilities available Reference/ Consultation/Internet/Photocopying, including colour/Microfilm-Microfische reading/Digital viewing/Audio-Video/Digital imaging/Printing

5. The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA): Library Collection

Kalanidhi Reference Library collection

Print

Books Periodicals Bibliography &

ABIA Documentation

Non-print

Microfilm/

Microfische

Slides

5.1 Print Media

❖ Books:

▪ General Collection – Kala Nidhi Reference Library houses a collection of over 2.5 lac print and Non-Print material. This section not only has books on arts but with every aspect of Indology. Books on Masks, Religion and Philosophy and Arts &History are the finest collection of its kind.

▪ Rare books – The library houses over 1000 volume of rare publications, some even from the 18th and 19th century. Mostly written by members of British army and navy, surveyors, engineers, travelers etc. These books give a firsthand account of their travels and observations of India.

▪ Personal collection – Kala Nidhi was fortunate to have received the personal collections of ten eminent Indian scholars and artists. These books have been kept separately, properly classified and catalogued in the mezzanine floor of the library.

▪ Area collection – This collection is the outcome of various research and cultural exchanges held with South-East Asia, East Asia and Eurasia.

▪ Series and catalogues – The library is building a complete corpus of printed material on Catalogue of manuscripts of Indic and Asian origin published in all parts of the world.

❖ Periodicals

▪ Journals – The library has a regular subscription to top Indian and foreign scholarly and technical journals.

▪ Online/ electronic databases – Comprehensive online database like EBSCO, JSTOR and J- Gate (Arts and Humanities Index) are available at the library

▪ Bibliography – A special endeavor of the library is to compile bibliographies of particular scholars especially whose works are multi-disciplinary and multi-lingual

▪ Documentation – This section of the library focuses on collecting and preserving all the material pertaining to the events or academic programmer organized by the IGNCA.

5.2 Non-Print Material

The Reference Library has a vast collection of Non- Print Material comprising of slides, microfilms and microfiche. The collection is generated and maintained by the Slide unit and the Reprography unit of IGNCA. The manuscript microfilming programmer at the IGNCA is a landmark project which was formed to encompass and preserve valuable unpublished Indian manuscripts that are lying scattered or fragmented in both Indian and foreign collection. At present, the reprography unit is in possession of a rich collection of more than 2.5 lacs manuscripts in more than 21500 microfilm rolls. The entire collection has also been digitized.

❖ Manuscripts Collection in Microfilm/ Microfiche It is estimated that India possesses more than five million manuscripts, making her the largest repository of manuscript wealth in the world. Though our ancestors had tried to preserve these manuscripts, thousands of such valued unpublished Indian manuscripts on varied subjects are scattered across Indian and foreign collections, making them inaccessible to scholars. This invaluable and unique pool of knowledge is under threat and manuscripts are disappearing at an alarming rate. Recognizing the need to encompass and preserve these knowledge resources and to make them accessible to scholars and researchers, Kala Nidhi Reprography Unit has initiated a manuscript- microfilming programmer a few years back. The IGNCA has approached many of the private and public institutions and individuals who are in possession of valuable manuscripts, preferably in Sanskrit, and has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with each of them for microfilming their manuscripts. So far, the Reprography Unit has microfilmed over 2.78 lakh manuscripts in 21722 microfilm rolls. All the rolls have been duplicated, digitized and catalogued.

❖ Slides Collection and Other Visual Resources

The prime aim of collecting materials on Indian Art was approached meticulously and a special collection in reprographic form (slides) was built up on the history of Indian art. The process started fifteen years ago has yielded great results. At present our collection has not only grown in quantity but also in content and quality. With our present infrastructure of slide production, duplication and scanning and with the introduction of computerized information. The slide unit of the Kala Nidhi Reference Library has been in existence since 1989 and over the years it has acquired and generated over one lakh carefully selected slides from 17 centers in India and 16 centers abroad. The growth rate of the collection is approx. 3,000 slides per year. In addition to slides, there are more than 2270 photonegatives on Himachal Pradesh (Land and people), monuments of Sri Lanka and museums in Jammu &Kashmir. The slide unit of the IGNCA has the largest collection of slides on Indian art viz painting, sculpture, architecture, illustrated manuscripts, and performing arts in India. It is also the only library in India which is equipped with the proper infrastructure for archival storage, computerization of data, duplication and scanning of slides.

References

http://ignca.gov.in/

Evaluation: Humanities International Index

noreply@blogger.com (Librarycosmos) — Mon, 05 Jul 2021 16:46:00 +0000

Humanities International Index. H.W. Wilson. New York. 1974. Q. Available through Ebscohost.

Introduction:

❖ Humanities Source was ideal for Students, Researchers and Educators interested in all aspects of the humanities. This includes studies in art, history, communication, culture, literature and philosophy.

❖ Humanities International Index is a comprehensive database covering journals, books and other important reference sources in the humanities.

❖ Formerly the American Humanities Index, this database contains bibliographic records from a multitude of U.S. and international journals, books and reference works.

❖ Humanities International Index provides citations and abstracts for articles, essays and reviews, as well as original creative works including poems, fiction, photographs, painting and illustrations.

❖ This database provides cover-cover indexing and abstracts for journals, books and other important reference sources in the humanities from around the world.

❖ Regular monthly updates ensure subscribers can retrieve the latest material on wide range of arts and humanities subjects, aided by a completely interactive thesaurus and the capability to link to electronic full text of many journal articles.

Other similar documents by EBSCO:

❖ Humanities International Complete was an essential resource for students, researchers and educators interested in all aspects of the humanities, with worldwide content pertaining to library, scholarly and creative thought. Humanities International Complete was a valuable collection for libraries looking to provide comprehensive coverage of the humanities with full-text content.

❖ Humanities Source Ultimate offers a wide variety of resources, such as feature articles, interviews, obituaries, bibliographic, book reviews and original works of fiction, reviews of ballets, dance programs, motion pictures, musicals, operas and plays that illuminate human thinking, action and interaction. In addition, hundreds of English-language and native-language full- text journals full-text journals form Asia, Ocarina, Europe, and Latin America being a global perspective to reaching the human experience.

(Note: “Core" coverage refers to source which are indexed and abstracted in their entirely (i.e., cover to cover), while "Priority" coverage refers to sources which include only those articles which are relevant to the field).

Evaluation:

1. Authority: Humanities International Index is a comprehensive database covering journals, books and other important reference sources in the humanities. It is online available and only accessible to registered users. Published by EBSCO. EBSCO is a leading provider of research databases, e-journals, magazine subscriptions, e-books and discovery service to libraries of all kinds. For more than 70 years, this have improved research with quality content and technology.

2. Scope: Indexing and abstracts for more than 2,600 journals. Nearly 2,200 active indexed journals are included in it. There are nearly more than 4.3 million records.

Subject list includes:

• Archeology

• Arts History

• Classical Studies

• English + American Literature

• Film + Media Studies

• French Language + Literature

• German Language + Literature

• Humanities

• Italian Language + Literature

• Jewish Studies

• Medieval + Renaissance Studies

• Museum Studies

• Near Eastern Studies

• Religion

• Spanish Language + Literature

3. Treatment: This Humanities & Social Sciences Index for many years by was ideal students, researchers and educations interested in all aspects of the humanities. This includes studies in art, history, communications, culture, literature and philosophy and by combining it all into learning products that are useful, reliable and enjoyable. An international abstracting and indexing tool for research in the humanities, Humanities Index includes over 370 internationally respected humanities journals and weekly magazines published in the UK and other English-speaking counties, as well as quality newspaper published in UK.

4. Arrangement: Articles arranged alphabetically and especially letter by letter arrangement. Each article provides the thorough cross references list is given at the end of the sub headings. The cross reference offers the readers to understand and overview of the related articles.

5. Special Features: Regular monthly updates ensure subscribers can retrieve the latest material on wide range of arts and humanities subjects, aided by a completely interactive thesaurus and the capability to link to electronic full text of many journal articles. The hundreds of cover-to-cover indexing and abstract for journals (English-language journals), books and other important reference sources bring a global perspective to reaching the human experience.

6. Physical Features: This index available in electronic format covers the most essential scholarly journals in humanities and social science including political science, history etc. It is a successor to the combination of humanities and social science.

7. Merits: As the information in the field of humanities is dynamic and it grows continuously in a good pace. It become difficult for the user to search the desired information without the help of such documents. To avoid this, it assists the user in following ways:

• Help readers decide if it is necessary to read the entire document.

• Assist information users to remember the important findings on a topic.

• Assist Information users understand a write-up serving as a pre- read.

• Allow index write-ups achieve quick recovery and cross-referencing.

• Allow readers/decision makers make efficient judgement without bordering about details.

8. Drawbacks:

• This indexing and abstracting document contain information only in the field of humanities.

• Though it is an international publication but for a document like this it is not possible to cover (index and abstract) all the documents of the globe which are not well known and confined to a particular region.

References:

1. https://www.ebsco.com/products/reseach-databases/humanities-source-0

2. https://databases.library.jhu.edu/databases/database/JHU03400

3. https://www.proquest.com/search/?searchKeyword=Humanities+internatio+index

4. https://www.ebsco.com/products/ebacohost-platform

5. https://www.ebscohost.com/titleLists/hud-coverage.html

Greenstone Digital Library Software: Guide

noreply@blogger.com (Librarycosmos) — Mon, 05 Jul 2021 13:02:00 +0000

Greenstone Digital Library Software

Step by step Guide

Step 1: Installation of GSDL - https://www.greenstone.org/

Step1.a) Click on download button and download the latest version according to your device.

Step2: Open GSDL LIBRARIAN INTERFACE on your device.

Step2.a): This is how GSDL Interface will look like after opening

Step3: Collection development.

• (Click on file and select new button as shown in the snapshot)

Step4: Generate your collection title

Step5: Create folder under INFORMATION LITERACY collection

Step6: Drag and drop documents from your device to the GSDL collection

Step7: Generate Metadata under Enrich

Step8: Design contains Plug-ins (we can add remove plug-ins accordingly)

Step8.a) Edit plug-ins accordingly

Step 9: Design contains Search Indexes.

• Go to Search Indexes and edit indexes accordingly

Step 10: By following the above step we can edit Browsing classifier under Design

• We can select classifier in various forms like list, hierarchy etc.

Step 11: We can Add images(about and home page images) under Format

• In Addition we can give collection description here.

Step12: After doing all the steps now Build the collection

• Build collection can be done in 2 ways i.e. Complete rebuild and Minimal rebuild

Step 13: Now preview the collection

This is how your Build INFORMATION LITERACY collection will look like on localhost server

When we search by the text, highlighting of the particular text can be done by selecting the yellow marker(highlighting marker)

Greenstone Digital Library Software

noreply@blogger.com (Librarycosmos) — Sun, 04 Jul 2021 17:22:00 +0000

Greenstone Digital Library Software

Greenstone Digital Library Software : Factsheet

Greenstone is a suite of software for building and distributing digital library collections. It is not a digital library but a tool for building digital libraries. The software provides a way of organizing information and publishing it on the Web in the form of a fully-searchable, metadata-driven digital resource. It can also be run in a non-networked environment (standalone), operating from removable media such as a USB Flash Drive and DVD. Greenstone has been developed and distributed in cooperation with UNESCO and the Human Info NGO in Belgium. It is open-source, multilingual software, issued under the terms of the GNU General Public License. In 2004 its developers received the IFIP Namur award for "contributions to the awareness of social implications of information technology, and the need for an holistic approach in the use of information technology that takes account of social implications."

Greenstone Digital Library Software : Technical

Versions

There are two major versions of the software.

Greenstone3 is a complete redesign and reimplementation of the original digital library software we developed back in 2000 (Greenstone2). It incorporates all the features of the previous software, and is backwards compatible. An import 'Greenstone2 collection' feature is provided in the Greenstone Librarian Interface (GLI) to assist in the transition to the new software for existing users. Greenstone3 is written in Java and takes advantage of many web technologies—such as XML Transforms (XSLT), and the Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JASS)—which have emerged since we first started developing digital library software. This makes the digital library software highly customizable and extensible in the functionality it delivers. In contrast, Greenstone2 was written in C++ and had to make heavy use of bespoke formats and syntax we devised ourselves. This was because of the lack of available web technologies at the time, meaning not only was the functionality it provided more limited, the bespoke syntax meant users were completely reliant on us providing documentation detailing how things worked.

Greenstone3 is under active development, and is recommended for download. We also provide maintenance releases for its forerunner, Greenstone2.

Platforms

Greenstone runs on all versions of Windows, Unix/Linux, and Mac OS-X. It is very easy to install. For the default Windows installation absolutely no configuration is necessary, and end users routinely install Greenstone on their personal laptops or workstations. Institutional users run it on their main web server, where it interoperates with standard web server software (e.g. Apache for Greenstone2, Tomcat for Greenstone3). An experimental version is also available for Android: that is a version where the digital library operates self-contained on the user’s phone or tablet.

Interoperability

Greenstone is highly interoperable using contemporary standards, It incorporates a server that can serve any collection over the Open Archives Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH), and Greenstone can harvest documents over OAI-PMH and include them in a collection. Any collection can be exported to METS (in the Greenstone METS Profile, approved by the METS Editorial Board and published at http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/mets-profiles.html), and Greenstone can ingest documents in METS form. Any collection can be exported to DSpace ready for DSpace's batch import program, and any DSpace collection can be imported into Greenstone.

Interfaces

Greenstone has two separate interactive interfaces, the Reader interface and the Librarian interface. End users access the digital library through the Reader interface, which operates within a web browser. The Librarian interface is a Java-based graphical user interface that makes it easy to gather material for a collection (downloading it from the web where necessary), enrich it by adding metadata, design the searching and browsing facilities that the collection will offer the user, and build and serve the collection. The Librarian interface can be configured to manage remote Greenstone installations. Greenstone3 also provides library management facilities that are built in to the web browser interface (once the user has logged in)—an advantage over the previous version of the software.

Languages

One of Greenstone's unique strengths is its multilingual nature. The reader's interface is available in over 60 languages, including Amharic, Arabic, Armenian, Bengali, Bulgarian, Burmese, Catalan, Chinese (both simplified and traditional), Croatian, Czech, Dari, Dhivehi, Dutch, English, Farsi, Finnish, French, Gaelic, Galician, Georgian, German, Greek, Gujarati, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Kannada, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Laotian, Latvian, Malayalam, Maori, Marathi, Mongolian, Nepali, Polish, Portuguese (BR and PT versions), Pushto, Romanian, Russian, Serbian (Cyrillic and Latin versions, and Bosnia Herzegovina Cyrillic and Latin versions), Sinhalese, Slovak, Spanish, Tamil, Telugu, Thai, Tigrinya, Turkish, Ukrainian, Urdu, and Vietnamese. The Librarian interface is available in over 20 languages, including Amharic, Arabic, Armenian, Catalan, Chinese (simplified), English, Farsi, French, Greek, Gujarati, Japanese, Kannada, Kazakh, Latvian, Marathi, Mongolian, Nepali, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Tamil, Thai and Vietnamese. We are always looking for volunteers to add new language interfaces and help maintain existing ones.

Metadata formats

Users define metadata interactively within the Librarian interface. These metadata sets are predefined:

Dublin Core (qualified and unqualified)
RFC 1807
NZGLS (New Zealand Government Locator Service)
AGLS (Australian Government Locator Service)

New metadata sets can be defined using Greenstone's Metadata Set Editor. "Plug-ins" are used to ingest externally-prepared metadata in different forms, and plug-ins exist for: CSV, XML, EXIF, MARC, CDS/ISIS, ProCite, BibTex, Refer, OAI, DSpace and METS.

Document formats

Plug-ins are also used to ingest documents. For textual documents, there are plug-ins for: PDF, PostScript, Word, RTF, HTML, Plain text, Latex, ZIP archives, Excel, PPT, Email (various formats) and source code. For multimedia documents, there are plug-ins for: Images (any format, including PNG, JPEG, JPEG 2000, GIF, TIFF), MP3 audio, Ogg Vorbis audio, and a generic plug-in that can be configured for audio formats, MPEG, MIDI, etc.

Name of the Post	DEPUTY LIBRARIAN
No. of the Post	01
Pay Level	Rs.37,400-67,000 with grade pay of 9,000.
Age Limit	50 years, Age limit may be relaxed in the case of exceptional candidates. The qualifications and eligibility criteria

Library_cosmos

What is acquisition? The process of acquisition in academic libraries, special libraries and public libraries.

What is the function of Acquisitions?

Acquisitions Procedures that School Libraries follows:

Example: School Library Acquisitions Procedures

Acquisitions Procedures in Public Libraries

Example: Public Library Acquisitions Procedures

Search Strategies and Search Techniques

Decide the topic of your search

Identify the main concepts in your question

Choose a database

Search strategy techniques

Choose search terms

Search with keywords

Search for the exact phrase

Truncation and wildcard searches

Use adjacency searching for more accurate results

Searching with subject headings

Use Boolean logic to combine search terms

Citation searching

Ways to restrict and widen your search

Use search limits

Search by hand to catch anything you have missed

Online E-Resources

Critical Thinking

Citations

Post of LIBRARY ASSISTANT at National Institute of Fashion Technology, Srinagar (J&K), Last Date: 20 Aug 2021

National Institute of Fashion TechnologyMinistry of Textiles, Govt. of IndiaSIDCO Electronic Complex Rangreth, Srinagar-191132 J&K

Merger of CSIR-NISCAIR and CSIR-NISTADS to form CSIR-NIScPR

Inauguration of NIScPR a National Institute of Science Communication & Policy Research by Hon’ble Minister Dr. Harsh Vardhan on 14th Jan 2021

Post of DEPUTY LIBRARIAN at Centre for the study of Developing Societies, New Delhi, Last date:06 August 2021

Post of LIBRARY ATTENDANT at MOTILAL NEHRU COLLEGE (EVENING), University of Delhi, Last Date: 31 July 2021

MODERNIZATION AND NETWORKING OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIES

Assistant (Library) at INDIAN STATISTICAL INSTITUTE, Kolkata. Advertisement No. REC-6/2021-3. Date of closing of Online Application: 23.07.2021.

All schools need good libraries. What are the characteristics of a good school library?

Evaluation of EconLit

Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttrakhand. Adv. No. GKV/Estt.-II/01/2021. Last Date: 31-7-21

Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University)

Post of Documentation Assistant (Contractual Basis) at Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), New Delhi. Last Date: 18-07-21.

Annotated bibliography? How to give annotated bibliography in MLA and APA Citation style?

Significance of literature review in research methodology?

Role of ICT in library and information science?

WHAT IS RFID? APPLICATION OF RFID IN LIBRARIES? SIGNIFICANCE OF RFID LIBRARIES?

Libraries or Liferaries: Why Libraries still have the same worth as ever?

What ‘survival of the fittest’ means in the digital era for libraries?

Sears List of Subject Headings

Rules

The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA)

Evaluation: Humanities International Index

Greenstone Digital Library Software: Guide

Greenstone Digital Library Software

Greenstone Digital Library Software : Factsheet

Greenstone Digital Library Software : Technical

Versions

Platforms

Interoperability

Interfaces

Languages

Metadata formats

Document formats

National Institute of Fashion Technology
Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India
SIDCO Electronic Complex Rangreth, Srinagar-191132 J&K