<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><rss xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:openSearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/" xmlns:blogger="http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008" xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss" xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0" version="2.0"><channel><atom:id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026</atom:id><lastBuildDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 10:20:33 +0000</lastBuildDate><category>Linux</category><category>Segurança</category><category>Asterisk</category><category>C</category><category>CISCO</category><category>SQUID</category><category>C++</category><category>PHP</category><category>VMware</category><category>ZIMBRA</category><category>NAGIOS</category><category>Postfix</category><category>SHELL</category><category>Wireless</category><category>OpenLDAP</category><category>Oracle</category><category>Windows</category><category>Diversos</category><category>Java</category><category>POO</category><category>S.O.</category><category>Apache</category><category>CMMI</category><category>Cobit</category><category>DNS</category><category>DataCenter</category><category>Jogos_linux</category><category>DigitalSignage</category><category>MySQL</category><category>OpenOffice</category><category>VPN</category><category>DHCP</category><category>ELETRICA</category><category>EngenhariaSoftware</category><category>ISO27001e27002</category><category>ITIL</category><category>MSSQL</category><category>SAMBA</category><category>Artigos</category><category>Cabeamento</category><category>Certificações</category><category>Cloud</category><category>Exchange</category><category>Filmes</category><category>FreeRADIUS</category><category>GRUB</category><category>HARDWARE</category><category>HTTP</category><category>IPSEC</category><category>IPTABLES</category><category>IPV4</category><category>Modens_e_Routers</category><category>NFS</category><category>NTOP</category><category>Notícias</category><category>PMI</category><category>PostgreSQL</category><category>REDES</category><category>SATELITE</category><category>Tchelinux</category><category>Utilitários</category><category>Windows_x_Linux</category><title>Blog Livre - Segurança da Informação e muito mais...</title><description>Blog com conteúdo sobre os projetos que tenho trabalhado: SEGURANÇA DA INFORMAÇÃO, VOIP COM ASTERISK, VIRTUALIZAÇÃO DE SERVIDORES VMWARE SERVER, ESX, EMAIL, FIREWALL, WEB-PROXIES, VPN, MIGRAÇÕES, LDAP, SAMBA, AD, ORACLE, MySQL, RADIUS, DHCP, DNS, PHP, C++, AUTENTICAÇÃO WIFI, CAPTIVEPORTAL, SATELITE, NETWORK...  &#xa;&#xa;&lt;br&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;b&gt;&quot;ESTE BLOG TEM O OBJETIVO DE COMPARTILHAR O CONHECIMENTO&quot;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/center&gt;</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/</link><managingEditor>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</managingEditor><generator>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>325</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-3244545301346932939</guid><pubDate>Mon, 15 Feb 2016 23:59:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2016-02-15T21:59:26.907-02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Linux</category><title>Rescanning your SCSI bus to see new storage device</title><description>&lt;div class=&quot;entry-content&quot;&gt;
    If you have added new storage to a running VM, you probably won’t
 see it. This is because the SCSI bus to which the storage devices are 
connected needs to be rescanned to make the new hardware visible.&lt;br /&gt;

How you rescan the SCSI bus depends on the operating system your Virtual Machine is running.&lt;br /&gt;
Instructions for common supported operating systems are as follows, these assume you have root or suitable privileges.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
Linux, when adding a new disc&lt;/h2&gt;
First find your host bus number&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
grep mpt /sys/class/scsi_host/host?/proc_name&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Which should return a line like&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
/sys/class/scsi_host/&lt;strong&gt;host0&lt;/strong&gt;/proc_name:mptspi&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

where host0 is the relevant field.&lt;br /&gt;

use this to rescan the bus with the following command&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
echo &quot;- - -&quot; &amp;gt; /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

In the above command the the hyphens represent 
controller,channel,lun, so – - – indicates all controllers, all channels
 and all luns should be scanned.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
Linux, when expanding an existing disc&lt;/h2&gt;
Assuming you know the device name of the disc you have expanded (eg 
/dev/sda) then you can simply issue the following command to force the 
rereading of the disk geometry. NOte that this is not 100% reliable with
 LVM on older kernels but should work with current kernels&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
echo 1 &amp;gt; /sys/class/scsi_device/device/rescan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
Windows Server&lt;/h2&gt;
Windows should pickup the change in discs regardless of you adding or
 expanding discs however if not you can either use the gui or the 
command line to force this. Note that expanding the boot device will 
typically always require a reboot, and will require you to boot from an 
alternative boot device (a boot CD image) to actually expand the windows
 boot partition. All these method assume you are an administrator on the
 system.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
GUI method – Server 2003&lt;/h3&gt;
Open Computer Management (Local).&lt;br /&gt;
In the console tree, click Computer Management (Local), click Storage, and then click Disk Management.&lt;br /&gt;
Click Action, and then click Rescan Disks.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
GUI method server 2008&lt;/h3&gt;
Open Server Manager.&lt;br /&gt;
In the tree pane, double-click the Storage node, and select Disk Management.&lt;br /&gt;
Right-click Disk Management and select Rescan Disks.&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;h3&gt;
Command line method&lt;/h3&gt;
as an administrator, start a command prompt and type&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;diskpart&lt;/pre&gt;
at the diskpart prompt, type&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;rescan&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://blogs.it.ox.ac.uk/oxcloud/2013/03/25/rescanning-your-scsi-bus-to-see-new-storage/&quot;&gt;blogs.it.ox.ac.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2016/02/rescanning-your-scsi-bus-to-see-new.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-1722067609747905813</guid><pubDate>Thu, 17 Dec 2015 00:43:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2015-12-16T22:44:19.053-02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Linux</category><title>Comando TOP</title><description>&lt;h1 style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 24pt; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 28.5pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.75pt;&quot;&gt;Comando TOP&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
# top&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiim-t-z_UqkLZndFM6cTUuDyE4ZuzUinGo6Mm4ZiqLuFiC9pPseVviiH1t33pwwFeTrl3RCFOx2ygVro6H-lgk6-cEs0jsUOYReHhTZ7bR3yAcr8nbhEDAH32CuyCdBGaIBvwkec3cTgo/s1600/comando-TOP-header.png&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;CToWUd a6T&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?ui=2&amp;amp;ik=e86529fab5&amp;amp;view=fimg&amp;amp;th=151a090fda4d70ec&amp;amp;attid=0.1&amp;amp;disp=emb&amp;amp;attbid=ANGjdJ_hV_AZQ3sx7Em9rdLwZEfy4Phv3e0gRiWuTNPDgYrneDPmXuju9NGbVTQOJscLr-sHgyRSjAVOWD-HpfD5x8iTImySrK9ALakWR5UNs9w9-VijggF0AE-TNMA&amp;amp;sz=w1880-h400&amp;amp;ats=1450309721972&amp;amp;rm=151a090fda4d70ec&amp;amp;zw&amp;amp;atsh=1&quot; style=&quot;cursor: pointer; outline: 0px;&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;940&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;O comando top no Linux exibe os processos em execução no sistema. Uma das ferramentas mais importantes para um administrador do sistema. É amplamente utilizado para monitorar a carga do sistema. Nesse artigo é explorado o comando top em detalhes, pois ele é um comando interativo; ou seja, muitos outros comandos estão disponíveis quando ele está executando. Sendo assim, domine o comando top!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;151a090fda4d70ec_more&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-style: none none dashed; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 24pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 28.5pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; text-transform: uppercase;&quot;&gt;I – SAÍDA DO COMANDO TOP&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: white; font-family: inherit , serif;&quot;&gt;top&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: white; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 4.5pt; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; padding: 5pt 6pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;top - 23:18:09 up&amp;nbsp; 1:45,&amp;nbsp; 1 user,&amp;nbsp; load average: 0.76, 0.78, 0.76&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Tasks: 192 total,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1 running, 190 sleeping,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0 stopped,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1 zombie&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Cpu(s): 15.4%us,&amp;nbsp; 5.7%sy,&amp;nbsp; 0.0%ni, 78.8%id,&amp;nbsp; 0.2%wa,&amp;nbsp; 0.0%hi,&amp;nbsp; 0.0%si,&amp;nbsp; 0.0%st&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Mem:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 3058052k total,&amp;nbsp; 2100524k used,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 957528k free,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 168696k buffers&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Swap:&amp;nbsp; 3481788k total,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0k used,&amp;nbsp; 3481788k free,&amp;nbsp; 1099720k cached&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; PID USER&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; PR&amp;nbsp; NI&amp;nbsp; VIRT&amp;nbsp; RES&amp;nbsp; SHR S %CPU %MEM&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; TIME+&amp;nbsp; COMMAND&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;3187 ricardo&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 20&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0 1129m 403m&amp;nbsp; 43m S&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 14 13.5&amp;nbsp; 28:23.04 firefox&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1238 root&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 20&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0 98840&amp;nbsp; 27m 8876 S&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 6&amp;nbsp; 0.9&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 4:45.38 Xorg&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;2398 ricardo&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 20&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0&amp;nbsp; 429m&amp;nbsp; 76m&amp;nbsp; 29m S&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 4&amp;nbsp; 2.6&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 3:01.05 compiz&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;3352 ricardo&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 20&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0&amp;nbsp; 246m&amp;nbsp; 53m&amp;nbsp; 22m S&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2&amp;nbsp; 1.8&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2:20.39 plugin-containe&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;2431 ricardo&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 20&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0&amp;nbsp; 196m&amp;nbsp; 25m&amp;nbsp; 15m S&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2&amp;nbsp; 0.9&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0:03.11 python&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;2552 ricardo&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 20&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0&amp;nbsp; 166m&amp;nbsp; 11m 8456 S&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1&amp;nbsp; 0.4&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0:04.21 bamfdaemon&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;2955 root&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 20&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0 S&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1&amp;nbsp; 0.0&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0:04.06 kworker/0:3&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;2370 ricardo&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 20&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0&amp;nbsp; 6836 3352&amp;nbsp; 632 S&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1&amp;nbsp; 0.1&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0:14.33 dbus-daemon&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;Primeiramente, é preciso entender a saída do comando (mostrada acima). Ela exibe uma série de informações sobre o sistema em funcionamento. Então, é preciso ficar ciente das seções mostradas:&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;1 – Tempo de atividade e média de carga do sistema (Uptime and Load Averages)&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 4.5pt; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; padding: 5pt 6pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;top - 23:18:09 up&amp;nbsp; 1:45,&amp;nbsp; 1 user,&amp;nbsp; load average: 0.76, 0.78, 0.76&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;Na parte superior do comando top é apresentada a saída similar ao&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;comando uptime&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;.&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;* O tempo atual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* O tempo que seu sistema está funcionando&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Número de usuários autenticados no sistema no momento&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Média de carga de 5, 10 e 15 minutos respectivamente.&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;2 – Tarefas (Tasks)&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 4.5pt; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; padding: 5pt 6pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Tasks: 192 total,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1 running, 190 sleeping,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0 stopped,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1 zombie&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;A segunda linha mostra resumo das tarefas ou processos. Os processos podem ser em diferentes estados. Ela mostra o número total de processos. Destes, os processos podem estar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;executando (running)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;dormindo (sleeping)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;parado (stopped)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;ou&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;modo zumbi (zombie)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;3 – Estados da CPU (CPU States)&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 4.5pt; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; padding: 5pt 6pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Cpu(s): 15.4%us,&amp;nbsp; 5.7%sy,&amp;nbsp; 0.0%ni, 78.8%id,&amp;nbsp; 0.2%wa,&amp;nbsp; 0.0%hi,&amp;nbsp; 0.0%si,&amp;nbsp; 0.0%st&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;Em seguida é apresentado o estado da CPU. O significado dos diferentes tempos de CPU são:&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;* us, usuário (user): tempo de CPU na execução dos processos de usuário&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Sy, sistema (sytem): tempo de CPU na execução de processos do kernel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Id, ocioso (idle): tempo de CPU em inatividade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Wa, tempo para I/O: tempo de CPU esperando a conclusão de operação de entrada/saída no disco (I/O)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* hi: CPU tempo servindo interrupções de hardware&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Si: tempo de CPU servindo interrupções de software&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;4 – Uso da memória (Memory Usage)&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 4.5pt; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; padding: 5pt 6pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Mem:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 3058052k total,&amp;nbsp; 2100524k used,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 957528k free,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 168696k buffers&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Swap:&amp;nbsp; 3481788k total,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0k used,&amp;nbsp; 3481788k free,&amp;nbsp; 1099720k cached&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;Estes mostram o uso de memória, um pouco do comando “free”. A primeira linha refere-se a memória física e a segunda linha a memória virtual (swap). A memória física é apresentada como: memória total disponível, memória usada, memória livre e memória usada para buffers. Da mesma forma, a swap: total, usada, espaço de troca livre e em cache. Todas em unidade Kilobyte&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;5 – Colunas&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 4.5pt; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; padding: 5pt 6pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt; PID USER&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; PR&amp;nbsp; NI&amp;nbsp; VIRT&amp;nbsp; RES&amp;nbsp; SHR S %CPU %MEM&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; TIME+&amp;nbsp; COMMAND&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;3187 ricardo&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; RT&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0 1129m 403m&amp;nbsp; 43m S&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 14 13.5&amp;nbsp; 28:23.04 firefox&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1238 root&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 20&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0 98840&amp;nbsp; 27m 8876 S&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 6&amp;nbsp; 0.9&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 4:45.38 Xorg&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;2398 ricardo&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 20&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0&amp;nbsp; 429m&amp;nbsp; 76m&amp;nbsp; 29m S&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 4&amp;nbsp; 2.6&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 3:01.05&amp;nbsp; compiz&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;Nesta seção, os processos são apresentados em colunas. As diferentes colunas representam diferentes propriedades exibidas abaixo:&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;PID (Identificador do processo)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A identificação do processo (identificador único)&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;USUÁRIO (USER)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Usuário proprietário do processo.&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;PR (Prioridade)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A prioridade de agendamento do processo. Alguns valores neste campo são ‘ RT ‘ . Isso significa que o processo está sendo executado em tempo real (Real Time).&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;NI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Os valores mais baixos significam maior prioridade.&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;VIRT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A quantidade de memória virtual usada pelo processo.&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;RES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O tamanho da memória usada. Residente na memória física e não na área de troca (swap).&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;SHR (Share – compartilhada)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SHR é a memória compartilhada usada pelo processo.&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;S (State – estado)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Este é o estado do processo . Ele pode ter um dos seguintes valores :&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;D – ininterrupto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;R – executando&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;S – dormindo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;T – rastreado ou parado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Z – zumbi&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;% CPU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;É a porcentagem de tempo de CPU que a tarefa tem usado desde a última atualização.&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;% MEM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Percentagem de memória física disponível usada pelo processo.&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;TEMPO +&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O tempo total de CPU que a tarefa tem usado desde o início (precisão de centésimo de segundo)&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;COMANDO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Descrição do comando que foi utilizado para iniciar o processo.&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-style: none none dashed; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 24pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 28.5pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; text-transform: uppercase;&quot;&gt;II – OPÇÕES DO COMANDO&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;1 – Resultado enxuto&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: inherit , serif;&quot;&gt;top -b&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;2 – Tempo de atualização (a cada 2 segundos)&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: inherit , serif;&quot;&gt;top -d 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;3 – Somente processos executando&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: inherit , serif;&quot;&gt;top -i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;4 – Limite de iteração&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: inherit , serif;&quot;&gt;top -n 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;5 – Especificando o usuário&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: inherit , serif;&quot;&gt;top -u “nome_usuario”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: white; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-style: none none dashed; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 24pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 28.5pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; text-transform: uppercase;&quot;&gt;III – COMANDOS INTERATIVOS&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(217, 237, 247); color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3a87ad; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Esses comandos serão usados durante a execução do comando TOP.&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;1 – ‘h’: Help&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 4.5pt; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; padding: 5pt 6pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Help for Interactive Commands - procps version 3.2.8&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Window 1:Def: Cumulative mode Off.&amp;nbsp; System: Delay 3.0 secs; Secure mode Off.&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; Z,B&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Global: &#39;Z&#39; change color mappings; &#39;B&#39; disable/enable bold&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; l,t,m&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Toggle Summaries: &#39;l&#39; load avg; &#39;t&#39; task/cpu stats; &#39;m&#39; mem info&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; 1,I&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Toggle SMP view: &#39;1&#39; single/separate states; &#39;I&#39; Irix/Solaris mode&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; f,o&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; . Fields/Columns: &#39;f&#39; add or remove; &#39;o&#39; change display order&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; F or O&amp;nbsp; . Select sort field&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; . Move sort field: &#39;&#39; next col right&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; R,H&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; . Toggle: &#39;R&#39; normal/reverse sort; &#39;H&#39; show threads&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; c,i,S&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; . Toggle: &#39;c&#39; cmd name/line; &#39;i&#39; idle tasks; &#39;S&#39; cumulative time&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; x,y&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; . Toggle highlights: &#39;x&#39; sort field; &#39;y&#39; running tasks&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; z,b&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; . Toggle: &#39;z&#39; color/mono; &#39;b&#39; bold/reverse (only if &#39;x&#39; or &#39;y&#39;)&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; u&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; . Show specific user only&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; n or #&amp;nbsp; . &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Set maximum tasks displayed&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;2 – ‘ENTER’: Atualizar a amostragem&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;3 – ‘d’: Informe o tempo de atualização&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 4.5pt; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; padding: 5pt 6pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;top - 00:25:27 up&amp;nbsp; 2:52,&amp;nbsp; 1 user,&amp;nbsp; load average: 0.70, 0.65, 0.62&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Tasks: 190 total,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2 running, 187 sleeping,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0 stopped,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1 zombie&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Cpu(s): 13.5%us,&amp;nbsp; 3.9%sy,&amp;nbsp; 4.3%ni, 76.8%id,&amp;nbsp; 1.4%wa,&amp;nbsp; 0.0%hi,&amp;nbsp; 0.1%si,&amp;nbsp; 0.0%st&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Mem:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 3058052k total,&amp;nbsp; 2106460k used,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 951592k free,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 177340k buffers&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Swap:&amp;nbsp; 3481788k total,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0k used,&amp;nbsp; 3481788k free,&amp;nbsp; 1086764k cached&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #990000; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;Change delay from 3.0 to: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;PID USER&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; PR&amp;nbsp; NI&amp;nbsp; VIRT&amp;nbsp; RES&amp;nbsp; SHR S %CPU %MEM&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; TIME+&amp;nbsp; COMMAND&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;3187 ricardo&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 22&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2 1216m 418m&amp;nbsp; 43m S&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 20 14.0&amp;nbsp; 50:26.41 firefox &lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;4 – ‘f’: Controle quais valores devem ser exibidos&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 4.5pt; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; padding: 5pt 6pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Current Fields:&amp;nbsp; AEHIOQTWKNMbcdfgjplrsuvyzX&amp;nbsp; for window 1:Def&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Toggle fields via field letter, type any other key to return &lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;* A: PID&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = Process Id&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 0x00100000&amp;nbsp; PF_USEDFPU (thru 2.4)&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;* E: USER&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = User Name&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;* H: PR&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = Priority&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;* I: NI&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;= Nice value&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;* O: VIRT&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = Virtual Image (kb)&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;* Q: RES&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = Resident size (kb)&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;* T: SHR&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = Shared Mem size (kb)&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;* W: S&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = Process Status&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;* K: %CPU&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = CPU usage&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;* N: %MEM&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = Memory usage (RES)&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;* M: TIME+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = CPU Time, hundredths&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; b: PPID&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = Parent Process Pid&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; c: RUSER&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = Real user name&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; d: UID&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = User Id&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; f: GROUP&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = Group Name&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; g: TTY&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = Controlling Tty&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 19.2pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 9.6pt; padding: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #272727; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; j: P&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; = Last used cpu (SMP)&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;5 – ‘i’: Apenas processos em execução&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;h4 style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 10.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: inherit , serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;6 – ‘k’: Matar processos pelo identificador (ID)&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.linuxdescomplicado.com.br/2013/12/comandos-linux-dominando-o-comando-top.html&quot; style=&quot;color: #1155cc;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://www.linuxdescomplicado.&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;com.br/2013/12/comandos-linux-&lt;wbr&gt;&lt;/wbr&gt;dominando-o-comando-top.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background: white; color: #2e74b5; font-family: &#39;Calibri Light&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 13pt; font-weight: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #534b48; font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , serif; font-size: 17pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.darkcoding.net/software/resident-and-virtual-memory-on-linux-a-short-example/&quot; style=&quot;color: #1155cc;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Permanent link to Resident and Virtual memory on Linux: A short example&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #5c6c7d; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Resident and Virtual memory on Linux: A short example&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;color: #534b48; font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , serif; font-size: 17pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 14.4pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;Tools like&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;top&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;show processes using two kinds of memory:&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;Resident memory, labelled RES: How much physical memory, how much RAM, your process is using.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;RES is the important number&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;.&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 24pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;symbol&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;Virtual memory, labelled VIRT: How much memory your process&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;thinks&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;it’s using. Usually much bigger than RES, thanks to the Linux kernel’s clever memory management.&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 14.4pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;Here’s a short C program to illustrate the difference:&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;#include &amp;lt;stdio.h&amp;gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;#include &amp;lt;stdlib.h&amp;gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;void fill(unsigned char* addr, size_t amount) {&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; unsigned long i;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; for (i = 0; i &amp;lt; amount; i++) {&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; *(addr + i) = 42;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; }&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;}&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;int main(int argc, char **argv) {&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; unsigned char *result;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; char input;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; size_t s = 1&amp;lt;&amp;lt;30;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; result = malloc(s);&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; printf(&quot;Addr: %p\n&quot;, result);&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; //fill(result, s);&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; scanf(&quot;%c&quot;, &amp;amp;input);&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; return 0;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;}&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 14.4pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;Save it as&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;mem.c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;, compile it&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;cc -Wall -g mem.c -o mem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;and run it.&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 14.4pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;It requests 1 Gig of memory (1 &amp;lt;&amp;lt; 30), but doesn’t use it. With&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;top&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(or&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;htop&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;, which is much nicer), or even&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ps -Ao rsz,vsz,cmd | grep mem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;view it’s memory usage. The resident size should be quite small (~280k for me), but the virtual size will be the full 1 Gig we requested.&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 14.4pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;Uncomment the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;courier new&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;fill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;line, compile and run it again. You should see the resident size get much bigger, as we’re actually using the memory we requested (we’re filling it with the number 42). The kernel has to give us real memory to work with.&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 14.4pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;We can request far more virtual memory than the machine can handle. Here’s a screenshot where I’ve requested 16 Gig of memory, on a machine with only 3 Gig of RAM and 3 Gig of swap. The VIRT’s sum up to way more than that machine can handle. At the top left of the screenshot you can see none of that memory has really been allocated.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;The kernel won’t allocate it until we use it.&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 14.4pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.darkcoding.net/files/2012/10/htop.png&quot; style=&quot;color: #1155cc;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #5c6c7d; font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;http://www.darkcoding.net/files/2012/10/htop.png&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;CToWUd&quot; height=&quot;330&quot; src=&quot;https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?ui=2&amp;amp;ik=e86529fab5&amp;amp;view=fimg&amp;amp;th=151a090fda4d70ec&amp;amp;attid=0.3&amp;amp;disp=emb&amp;amp;attbid=ANGjdJ_ej5T5Jxp9KH56qWurp3uh2lHRssCJyAtM1P82YQfgevP8pN7RztjdvCFokJC2kgII8TwWy4xdzK1yDRnVY-lR1K7GB7Bh9CNGgFjKR4vY2JLrYPXmKxTPY0I&amp;amp;sz=w1300-h660&amp;amp;ats=1450309721987&amp;amp;rm=151a090fda4d70ec&amp;amp;zw&amp;amp;atsh=1&quot; width=&quot;650&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 14.4pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;In summary, virtual size can largely be ignored. Resident size is the important number.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 14.4pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; color: #222222; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 14.4pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;Fontes:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; text-transform: uppercase;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.linuxdescomplicado.com.br/author/ricardo-ferreira-costa&quot; style=&quot;color: #1155cc;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Posts de Ricardo Ferreira&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #d24d33; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;RICARDO FERREIRA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2015/12/comando-top.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-3659161871061210243</guid><pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2015 18:53:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2015-04-22T15:53:57.564-03:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Linux</category><title>Mounting ext4 partitions in Debian</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: verdana, &#39;Lucida Grande&#39;, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.0005016326904px; margin-bottom: 1.5385em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
As of Debian 5.04 (Lenny), Debian doesn’t support mounting ext4 partitions out of the box, or rather, we should say, using conventional methods.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: verdana, &#39;Lucida Grande&#39;, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.0005016326904px; margin-bottom: 1.5385em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Trying to mount an ext4 partition using the mount directive yields the error :&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: verdana, &#39;Lucida Grande&#39;, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.0005016326904px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  plain&quot; id=&quot;highlighter_128578&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 1em !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow-x: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; padding: 0px; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 620px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;toolbar&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: none !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: white !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 10px !important; height: 11px !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; right: 1px !important; top: 1px !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 11px !important; z-index: 10 !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse; border-radius: 0px !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #444444; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 620px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;background: none !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;background: none !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;gutter&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;line number1 index0 alt2&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
1&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;code&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 590px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;container&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number1 index0 alt2&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;plain plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: black !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;mount: unknown filesystem type &#39;ext4&#39;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: verdana, &#39;Lucida Grande&#39;, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.0005016326904px; margin-bottom: 1.5385em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
The roundabout way of doing it is setting a test_fs flag on the partition using the tune2fs utility.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: verdana, &#39;Lucida Grande&#39;, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.0005016326904px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  bash &quot; id=&quot;highlighter_313224&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-size: 1em !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow-x: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; padding: 0px; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 620px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;toolbar&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: none !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: white !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 10px !important; height: 11px !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; right: 1px !important; top: 1px !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 11px !important; z-index: 10 !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse; border-radius: 0px !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #444444; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 620px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;background: none !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;background: none !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;gutter&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;line number1 index0 alt2&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
1&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number2 index1 alt1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
2&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number3 index2 alt2&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
3&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;code&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 590px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;container&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number1 index0 alt2&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash functions&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(255, 20, 147) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;su&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: black !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number2 index1 alt1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: black !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;tune2fs -E test_fs &lt;/code&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: black !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;/dev/hda1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number3 index2 alt2&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash functions&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(255, 20, 147) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;mount&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: black !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;-t ext4dev &lt;/code&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: black !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;/dev/hda1&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: black !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-stretch: normal; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;/place/to/mount/&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: verdana, &#39;Lucida Grande&#39;, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.0005016326904px; margin-bottom: 1.5385em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Replace hda1 with the name of the ext4 partition you want to mount.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;yarpp-related yarpp-related-none&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: verdana, &#39;Lucida Grande&#39;, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.0005016326904px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.5385em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
No related posts.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.5385em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.5385em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Source:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://techtitbits.com/&quot;&gt;http://techtitbits.com/2010/05/mounting-ext4-partitions-on-debian/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.5385em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.5385em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2015/04/mounting-ext4-partitions-in-debian.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-105194905305571873</guid><pubDate>Thu, 09 Apr 2015 17:04:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2015-04-09T14:04:19.820-03:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Linux</category><title>Serial Console customization of debian-installer CD or DVD</title><description>&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;This should work on the CD or DVD image. &amp;nbsp;Illustrated below is the steps for the CD image.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;First, if you do not have an ISO image already, download CD1 via jigdo or bittorrent. If I had more time, I&#39;d probably screencast how to do all that, but if you fetch the .jigdo and have jigdo installed, it&#39;s downhill from there.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;mkdir &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica Neue Light, HelveticaNeue-Light, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;/mnt/debian-7.8.0-i386-CD1-ttyS0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;sudo mount -o loop,ro debian-7.2.0-amd64-CD-1.iso /media/cdrom&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;rsync -av /media/cdrom/ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica Neue Light, HelveticaNeue-Light, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;/mnt/debian-7.8.0-i386-CD1-ttyS0/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Open the file below:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;isolinux/&lt;a href=&quot;http://paste.debian.net/download/72442&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: color 0.3s; color: black; display: inline; outline: none; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.3s;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;isolinux.cfg&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;serial 0 115200
prompt 0
timeout 0

default install
label install
 menu label ^Install
 menu default
 kernel /install.amd/vmlinuz
 append term=linux priority=low console=ttyS0,115200 text initrd=/install.amd/initrd.gz --
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
save and quit&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Run the command below:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: start;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;sudo genisoimage -r -J -b&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica Neue Light, HelveticaNeue-Light, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;/mnt/debian-7.8.0-i386-CD1-ttyS0/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;isolinux/isolinux.bin -c&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica Neue Light, HelveticaNeue-Light, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;/mnt/debian-7.8.0-i386-CD1-ttyS0/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue Light&#39;, HelveticaNeue-Light, &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;isolinux/boot.cat  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;-no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;-o /tmp/debian-7.2.0-amd64-CD-1-ttyS0.iso  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;/mnt/debian-7.8.0-i386-CD1-ttyS0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-color: #fafafa; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;Burn your CD with new ISO.
Finish&lt;/pre&gt;
</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2015/04/serial-console-customization-of-debian.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-2610091008218022557</guid><pubDate>Thu, 15 Jan 2015 16:12:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2015-01-15T14:12:47.511-02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">PHP</category><title>The Perfect APC Configuration</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.25px; margin-bottom: 28px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Here was my setup on an Amazon Medium Instance using APC:&lt;span id=&quot;more-129&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.25px; margin-bottom: 28px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;php.ini configuration&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background-color: whitesmoke; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: monospace, monospace; font-size: 14px; overflow: auto; padding: 24px;&quot;&gt;[APC]
extension=apc.so
apc.enabled=1
apc.shm_segments=1

;32M per WordPress install
apc.shm_size=128M

;Relative to the number of cached files (you may need to watch your stats for a day or two to find out a good number)
apc.num_files_hint=7000

;Relative to the size of WordPress
apc.user_entries_hint=4096

;The number of seconds a cache entry is allowed to idle in a slot before APC dumps the cache
apc.ttl=7200
apc.user_ttl=7200
apc.gc_ttl=3600

;Setting this to 0 will give you the best performance, as APC will
;not have to check the IO for changes. However, you must clear 
;the APC cache to recompile already cached files. If you are still
;developing, updating your site daily in WP-ADMIN, and running W3TC
;set this to 1
apc.stat=1

;This MUST be 0, WP can have errors otherwise!
apc.include_once_override=0

;Only set to 1 while debugging
apc.enable_cli=0

;Allow 2 seconds after a file is created before it is cached to prevent users from seeing half-written/weird pages
apc.file_update_protection=2

;Leave at 2M or lower. WordPress does&#39;t have any file sizes close to 2M
apc.max_file_size=2M

;Ignore files
apc.filters = &quot;/var/www/apc.php&quot;

apc.cache_by_default=1
apc.use_request_time=1
apc.slam_defense=0
apc.mmap_file_mask=/var/www/temp/apc.XXXXXX
apc.stat_ctime=0
apc.canonicalize=1
apc.write_lock=1
apc.report_autofilter=0
apc.rfc1867=0
apc.rfc1867_prefix =upload_
apc.rfc1867_name=APC_UPLOAD_PROGRESS
apc.rfc1867_freq=0
apc.rfc1867_ttl=3600
apc.lazy_classes=0
apc.lazy_functions=0&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.25px; margin-bottom: 28px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
While this configuration works great for me, it may not for you. Finding “The Perfect APC Configuration” is like asking how many stars are in the sky. The are endless variables, like, “How much RAM, how many websites, do your websites support lazy classes, etc…” The best way to create your config is to do a little research. This post was meant to give you a push in the right direction.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.25px; margin-bottom: 28px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;P.S.&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;There seems to be a lot of debate about apc.stat = 0. The general thought is, set apc.stat=0 on production servers and it will prevent APC from actually going to the IO to check if the file has been changed. However, the WordPress dashboard and W3TC get kinda bitchy with this setting!&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.25px; margin-bottom: 28px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
My advice: Are working in the WordPress dashboard daily, and running W3TC? Then set: apc.stat = 1. Your fragmentation will be higher. Your sites will load&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;slightly&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;slower, but when you click&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Update Post&lt;/em&gt;, APC will flush that&amp;nbsp;piece&amp;nbsp;of cache.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.25px; margin-bottom: 28px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; line-height: 29.25px; margin-bottom: 28px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Source: &amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gregrickaby.com/the-perfect-apc-configuration/&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; line-height: 38.4000015258789px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Greg Rickaby&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2015/01/the-perfect-apc-configuration.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-8128138670591365718</guid><pubDate>Fri, 19 Dec 2014 12:47:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-12-19T10:47:35.951-02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Linux</category><title>Desvio Condicional em Shell Script</title><description>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Para efetuar teste condicionais, o shell script possui operadores de verificação como (maior/menor/menor que/igual/ etc …) veja abaixo os exemplos :&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;kw1&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: Monaco, &#39;Lucida Console&#39;, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;if&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Monaco, &#39;Lucida Console&#39;, monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;br0&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: black; font-family: Monaco, &#39;Lucida Console&#39;, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Monaco, &#39;Lucida Console&#39;, monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;condição&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;br0&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: black; font-family: Monaco, &#39;Lucida Console&#39;, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Monaco, &#39;Lucida Console&#39;, monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;kw1&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: Monaco, &#39;Lucida Console&#39;, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;then&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Monaco, &#39;Lucida Console&#39;, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Monaco, &#39;Lucida Console&#39;, monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; comando...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nu0&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: mediumblue; font-family: Monaco, &#39;Lucida Console&#39;, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Monaco, &#39;Lucida Console&#39;, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Monaco, &#39;Lucida Console&#39;, monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; comando...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nu0&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: mediumblue; font-family: Monaco, &#39;Lucida Console&#39;, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Monaco, &#39;Lucida Console&#39;, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Monaco, &#39;Lucida Console&#39;, monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; comando...N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Monaco, &#39;Lucida Console&#39;, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;kw1&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: Monaco, &#39;Lucida Console&#39;, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;fi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;kw1&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: blue; font-family: Monaco, &#39;Lucida Console&#39;, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 18.2000007629395px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;-eq&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;igual&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;-ne&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;diferente&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;-gt&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;maior&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;-ge&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;maior ou igual&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;-lt&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;menor&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;-le&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;menor ou igual&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;-d&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;se é um diretório&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;-e&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;se existe&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;-z&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;se é vazio&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;-f&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;se contem texto.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;-r&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;se o arquivo possui permissão de leitura&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;-w&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;se o arquivo possui permissão de escrita.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;-x&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;se o arquivo é executável.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Fonte:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nacaolivre.com.br/shell-script/desvio-condicional-em-shell-script/&quot;&gt;http://www.nacaolivre.com.br/shell-script/desvio-condicional-em-shell-script/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2014/12/desvio-condicional-em-shell-script.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-1361232709240606422</guid><pubDate>Thu, 18 Dec 2014 10:18:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-12-18T08:18:29.076-02:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Linux</category><title>Unix - Special Variables</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Previous tutorial warned about using certain nonalphanumeric characters in your variable names. This is because those characters are used in the names of special Unix variables. These variables are reserved for specific functions.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
For example, the $ character represents the process ID number, or PID, of the current shell:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;prettyprint prettyprinted&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 549.765625px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$echo $$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Above command would write PID of the current shell:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;prettyprint prettyprinted&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 549.765625px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lit&quot; style=&quot;color: #006666; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;29949&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
The following table shows a number of special variables that you can use in your shell scripts:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;src&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f7f7f7; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 8px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: top; width: 560px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;background-color: #eeeeee; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; width: 73px;&quot;&gt;Variable&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;background-color: #eeeeee; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); margin: 0px; padding: 5px; width: 465px;&quot;&gt;Description&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$0&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;The filename of the current script.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$n&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;These variables correspond to the arguments with which a script was invoked. Here n is a positive decimal number corresponding to the position of an argument (the first argument is $1, the second argument is $2, and so on).&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$#&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;The number of arguments supplied to a script.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$*&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;All the arguments are double quoted. If a script receives two arguments, $* is equivalent to $1 $2.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$@&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;All the arguments are individually double quoted. If a script receives two arguments, $@ is equivalent to $1 $2.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;The exit status of the last command executed.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$$&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;The process number of the current shell. For shell scripts, this is the process ID under which they are executing.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); margin: 0px; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;The process number of the last background command.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;&quot;&gt;
Command-Line Arguments:&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
The command-line arguments $1, $2, $3,...$9 are positional parameters, with $0 pointing to the actual command, program, shell script, or function and $1, $2, $3, ...$9 as the arguments to the command.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Following script uses various special variables related to command line:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;prettyprint prettyprinted&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 549.765625px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;com&quot; style=&quot;color: #880000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;#!/bin/sh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;

echo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;str&quot; style=&quot;color: #008800; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&quot;File Name: $0&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
echo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;str&quot; style=&quot;color: #008800; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&quot;First Parameter : $1&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
echo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;str&quot; style=&quot;color: #008800; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&quot;First Parameter : $2&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
echo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;str&quot; style=&quot;color: #008800; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&quot;Quoted Values: $@&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
echo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;str&quot; style=&quot;color: #008800; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&quot;Quoted Values: $*&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
echo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;str&quot; style=&quot;color: #008800; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&quot;Total Number of Parameters : $#&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Here is a sample run for the above script:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;prettyprint prettyprinted&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 549.765625px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;./&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;test&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;sh &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Zara&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Ali&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;File&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Name&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;./&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;test&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;sh
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;First&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Parameter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Zara&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Parameter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Ali&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Quoted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Values&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Zara&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Ali&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Quoted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Values&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Zara&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Ali&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Number&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Parameters&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lit&quot; style=&quot;color: #006666; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;&quot;&gt;
Special Parameters $* and $@:&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
There are special parameters that allow accessing all of the command-line arguments at once. $* and $@ both will act the same unless they are enclosed in double quotes, &quot;&quot;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Both the parameter specifies all command-line arguments but the &quot;$*&quot; special parameter takes the entire list as one argument with spaces between and the &quot;$@&quot; special parameter takes the entire list and separates it into separate arguments.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
We can write the shell script shown below to process an unknown number of command-line arguments with either the $* or $@ special parameters:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;prettyprint prettyprinted&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 549.765625px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;com&quot; style=&quot;color: #880000; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;#!/bin/sh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;kwd&quot; style=&quot;color: #000088; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; TOKEN &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;kwd&quot; style=&quot;color: #000088; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;kwd&quot; style=&quot;color: #000088; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;do&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
   echo $TOKEN
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;kwd&quot; style=&quot;color: #000088; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;done&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
There is one sample run for the above script:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;prettyprint prettyprinted&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 549.765625px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;./&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;test&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;sh &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Zara&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Ali&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lit&quot; style=&quot;color: #006666; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Old&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Zara&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Ali&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lit&quot; style=&quot;color: #006666; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Years&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Old&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Note:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Here&amp;nbsp;&lt;b style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;do&lt;/b&gt;...&lt;b style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;done&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;is a kind of loop which we would cover in subsequent tutorial.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0px; padding: 0px; text-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 1px 1px 2px;&quot;&gt;
Exit Status:&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
The&amp;nbsp;&lt;b style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$?&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;variable represents the exit status of the previous command.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Exit status is a numerical value returned by every command upon its completion. As a rule, most commands return an exit status of 0 if they were successful, and 1 if they were unsuccessful.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Some commands return additional exit statuses for particular reasons. For example, some commands differentiate between kinds of errors and will return various exit values depending on the specific type of failure.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.8em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Following is the example of successful command:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;prettyprint prettyprinted&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 549.765625px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;./&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;test&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;sh &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Zara&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Ali&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;File&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Name&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;./&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;test&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;sh
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;First&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Parameter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Zara&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Parameter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Ali&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Quoted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Values&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Zara&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Ali&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Quoted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Values&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Zara&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Ali&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Number&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;typ&quot; style=&quot;color: #7f0055; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Parameters&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lit&quot; style=&quot;color: #006666; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
$echo $&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pun&quot; style=&quot;color: #666600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lit&quot; style=&quot;color: #006666; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;pln&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;prettyprint prettyprinted&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eeeeee; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(214, 214, 214); font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; width: 549.765625px;&quot;&gt;Fonte: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix/unix-special-variables.htm&quot;&gt;tutorialspoint&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2014/12/unix-special-variables.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-51212071219027373</guid><pubDate>Fri, 19 Sep 2014 16:32:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-09-19T13:32:16.413-03:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">IPSEC</category><title>MTU woes in IPsec tunnels and how you can fix it</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.416em;&quot;&gt;
Today I ran into a problem with IPsec Xauth PSK and&amp;nbsp;the built-in Android VPN client (Android 4.1.2), resulting in some sites (such as www.yahoo.com) not loading through&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.zeitgeist.se/2013/11/22/strongswan-5-how-to-create-your-own-private-vpn/&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(223, 223, 223); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc0000; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;strongSwan 5: How to create your own private VPN&quot;&gt;the VPN tunnel&lt;/a&gt;. Turns out I was dealing with MTU issues. When the Android VPN is started, it sets the MTU to 1500 on the tun0 interface:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.416em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;more-260&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;line-numbers language-bash&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(245, 242, 240); box-sizing: border-box; counter-reset: linenumber 0; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, &#39;Andale Mono&#39;, monospace; font-size: 0.8125rem; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; overflow: auto; padding: 1em 1em 1em 3.8em; position: relative; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: white 0px 1px; width: 750px; word-wrap: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot; language-bash&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, &#39;Andale Mono&#39;, monospace; font-size: 0.8125rem; position: relative; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: white 0px 1px; word-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;$ ip link show tun0
&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;33&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; tun0&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;POINTOPOINT&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;UP&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;LOWER_UP&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; mtu &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;1500&lt;/span&gt; qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;500&lt;/span&gt; link&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;none&lt;span class=&quot;line-numbers-rows&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: none; border-right-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; left: -3.8em; letter-spacing: -1px; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 3em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: linenumber 1; display: block; pointer-events: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: linenumber 1; display: block; pointer-events: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.416em;&quot;&gt;
Looking at the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/android/platform_frameworks_base/blob/dbccd44a638ae8705a5b14bff8b2dd74abc26045/services/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Vpn.java&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(223, 223, 223); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc0000; text-decoration: none;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Android Vpn.java&quot;&gt;Android Source&lt;/a&gt;, it appears someone must have forgotten to take care of IPsec Xauth PSK. With PPTP and L2TP based VPNs, the MTU is reduced to 1400 (line 758 – 778).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.416em;&quot;&gt;
In comparison:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; list-style-type: square; margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;strongSwan Android client: MTU 1400&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;OS X / iOS 7 built-in IPsec client: MTU&amp;nbsp;1280&amp;nbsp;(for what it’s worth, 1280 is also the minimum IPv6 packet size and thus the MTU minimum required to make IPv6 work)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Windows 7 built-in IPsec client: MTU&amp;nbsp;1400&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Cisco VPN client: MTU 1300&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.416em;&quot;&gt;
Among the tested clients, only the connection through the Android VPN client was causing the issue with stalling websites. In a nutshell, I was able to fix it with the following on the VPN server:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;line-numbers language-bash&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(245, 242, 240); box-sizing: border-box; counter-reset: linenumber 0; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, &#39;Andale Mono&#39;, monospace; font-size: 0.8125rem; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; overflow: auto; padding: 1em 1em 1em 3.8em; position: relative; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: white 0px 1px; width: 750px; word-wrap: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot; language-bash&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, &#39;Andale Mono&#39;, monospace; font-size: 0.8125rem; position: relative; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: white 0px 1px; word-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;$ iptables &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;t mangle &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;A FORWARD &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;o eth0 \
 &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;p tcp &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;m tcp &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;--&lt;/span&gt;tcp&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;flags SYN&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;RST SYN \
 &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;m tcpmss &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;--&lt;/span&gt;mss &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;1361&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;1536&lt;/span&gt; \
 &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;j TCPMSS &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;--&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #0077aa;&quot;&gt;set&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;mss &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;1360&lt;/span&gt;

$ &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #0077aa;&quot;&gt;echo&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;proc&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;sys&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;net&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;ipv4&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;ip_no_pmtu_disc&lt;span class=&quot;line-numbers-rows&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: none; border-right-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; left: -3.8em; letter-spacing: -1px; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 3em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: linenumber 1; display: block; pointer-events: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: linenumber 1; display: block; pointer-events: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: linenumber 1; display: block; pointer-events: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: linenumber 1; display: block; pointer-events: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: linenumber 1; display: block; pointer-events: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: linenumber 1; display: block; pointer-events: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.416em;&quot;&gt;
And here is why.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1.5rem 0px 0.75rem;&quot;&gt;
IP fragmentation – The original problem.&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.416em;&quot;&gt;
On the VPN server side, we have the interface set to a standard Ethernet MTU 1500. In the scenario with the Android client, the&amp;nbsp;MTU along the entire path is 1500. This leaves room for up to 1460 bytes of data payload per packet (also referred to as the&amp;nbsp;maximum segment size MSS).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.416em;&quot;&gt;
Keep in mind that&amp;nbsp;IPsec in tunnel mode adds an ESP header and an additional IP header for tunneling the packet (usually with an additional size of around 70-80 bytes).&amp;nbsp;When a packet is nearly the size of the MTU and when you tack on this encapsulation&amp;nbsp;overhead, it is likely to exceed the MTU of the outbound link.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;That’s where IP fragmentation kicks in – which could lead to performance&amp;nbsp;degradation of your VPN tunnel. Or worse…&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1.5rem 0px 0.75rem;&quot;&gt;
Path MTU discovery (PMTUD). A failed solution.&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.416em;&quot;&gt;
To avoid IP fragmentation, many TCP/IP stacks have&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.netheaven.com/pmtu.html&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(223, 223, 223); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc0000; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;path MTU discovery (PMTUD)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;implemented. To tell you right away: It doesn’t work for me, and it’s not going to work for you either.&amp;nbsp;PMTUD&amp;nbsp;attempts to discover the largest IP datagram that may be sent without fragmentation through an IP path. Instead of fragmenting a too-large IP packet, the VPN server is told (through the&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Don’t Fragment&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;(DF) flag in the IP header of the sender) to discard the packet and reply with an&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;ICMP fragmentation required&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.networksorcery.com/enp/protocol/icmp/msg3.htm&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(223, 223, 223); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #cc0000; text-decoration: none;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;ICMP type 3, Destination unreachable message&quot;&gt;type3, subtype 4&lt;/a&gt;) message.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.416em;&quot;&gt;
Recap: The sender is the website that you try to load on your VPN client.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.416em;&quot;&gt;
When the sender receives this ICMP packet, it learns to use a smaller MTU for packets sent to our VPN server. In theory.&amp;nbsp;In reality, many websites (senders like www.yahoo.com) stupidly implement ICMP filters that break PMTUD functionality. And that’s where hell breaks loose.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;The sender is expecting an acknowledgement for the original packet from our server, but since the packet was discarded, the acknowledgment never comes. Time goes by, then the sender repeats sending the too-large packet. The result? The VPN sender discards the packet, again, sends yet another ICMP message, and so on. Meanwhile our client on the other end of the VPN tunnel cannot tell what’s happening and is desperately waiting for some data. Everything appears to be stalled – a&amp;nbsp;state which is also referred to as a&amp;nbsp;black hole&amp;nbsp;connection.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.416em;&quot;&gt;
Because PMTUD doesn’t always work on the Internet, the use of it only makes sense in a site-to-site VPN, where basically one operator maintains the networks and is able to enable the forwarding of the&amp;nbsp;“fragmentation required” ICMP (type 3, subtype 4) notifications in all&amp;nbsp;firewalls in between.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1.5rem 0px 0.75rem;&quot;&gt;
MSS size reduction. A working solution.&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.416em;&quot;&gt;
So we can rule out PMTUD, but there is another way to assure that our VPN connection is working properly.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;line-numbers language-bash&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(245, 242, 240); box-sizing: border-box; counter-reset: linenumber 0; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, &#39;Andale Mono&#39;, monospace; font-size: 0.8125rem; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; overflow: auto; padding: 1em 1em 1em 3.8em; position: relative; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: white 0px 1px; width: 750px; word-wrap: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot; language-bash&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, &#39;Andale Mono&#39;, monospace; font-size: 0.8125rem; position: relative; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: white 0px 1px; word-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;$ iptables &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;t mangle &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;A FORWARD &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;o eth0 \
 &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;p tcp &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;m tcp &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;--&lt;/span&gt;tcp&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;flags SYN&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;RST SYN \
 &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;m tcpmss &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;--&lt;/span&gt;mss &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;1361&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;1536&lt;/span&gt; \
 &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;j TCPMSS &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;--&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #0077aa;&quot;&gt;set&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;mss &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;1360&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;line-numbers-rows&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: none; border-right-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; left: -3.8em; letter-spacing: -1px; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 3em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: linenumber 1; display: block; pointer-events: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: linenumber 1; display: block; pointer-events: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: linenumber 1; display: block; pointer-events: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: linenumber 1; display: block; pointer-events: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.416em;&quot;&gt;
This iptables rule reduces the size of the allowed packet size by reducing the MSS of TCP SYN packets. The&amp;nbsp;–set-mss value&amp;nbsp;explicitly sets the MSS to 1360, which is a&amp;nbsp;customary size for IPsec IPv4 interfaces.&amp;nbsp;The –mss option is used to match only those MSS that are between 1361 and 1536 bytes (we don’t want to rewrite the MSS of a VPN client that uses a smaller MSS). The result in a tcpdump:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;line-numbers language-bash&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(245, 242, 240); box-sizing: border-box; counter-reset: linenumber 0; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, &#39;Andale Mono&#39;, monospace; font-size: 0.8125rem; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; overflow: auto; padding: 1em 1em 1em 3.8em; position: relative; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: white 0px 1px; width: 750px; word-wrap: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot; language-bash&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, &#39;Andale Mono&#39;, monospace; font-size: 0.8125rem; position: relative; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: white 0px 1px; word-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;05&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;01&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;56.795798&lt;/span&gt; IP &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;172.16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;16.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;38695&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; r2&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;ycpi&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;vip&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;ac4&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;yahoo&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;net&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;http&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; Flags &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;S&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; seq &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;2621580326&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; win &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;14600&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; options &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;mss &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;1460&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;sackOK&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;TS val &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;56614&lt;/span&gt; ecr &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;nop&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;wscale &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; length &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;05&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;01&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;56.795865&lt;/span&gt; IP vpn&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;zeitgeist&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;se&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;.38695&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; r2&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;ycpi&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;vip&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;ac4&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;yahoo&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;net&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;http&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; Flags &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;S&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; seq &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;2621580326&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; win &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;14600&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; options &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;mss &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;1360&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;sackOK&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;TS val &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;56614&lt;/span&gt; ecr &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;nop&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;wscale &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; length &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;05&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;01&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;56.802695&lt;/span&gt; IP r2&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;ycpi&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;vip&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;ac4&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;yahoo&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;net&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;http &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; vpn&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;zeitgeit&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;se&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;.38695&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; Flags &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;S&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; seq &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;3057551576&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; ack &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;2621580327&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; win &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;14480&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; options &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;mss &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;1460&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;sackOK&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;TS val &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;1410945796&lt;/span&gt; ecr &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;56614&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;nop&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;wscale &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; length &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;line-numbers-rows&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: none; border-right-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; left: -3.8em; letter-spacing: -1px; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 3em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: linenumber 1; display: block; pointer-events: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: linenumber 1; display: block; pointer-events: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: linenumber 1; display: block; pointer-events: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.416em;&quot;&gt;
In line 1, you see the request from our Android client through the tunnel to yahoo.com. Notice the MSS is 1460. In the second line, it is our VPN host initiating the TCP handshake with the external site. Only now &amp;nbsp;the MSS value is rewritten to 1360, thanks to our iptables rule. As a consequence, the TCP connection will use the lower MSS of the two end points, which is 1360. Voila!&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.416em;&quot;&gt;
You can go further and restrict the iptables rule to rewrite only those packets that are forwarded from our VPN client:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;line-numbers language-bash&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(245, 242, 240); box-sizing: border-box; counter-reset: linenumber 0; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, &#39;Andale Mono&#39;, monospace; font-size: 0.8125rem; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; overflow: auto; padding: 1em 1em 1em 3.8em; position: relative; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: white 0px 1px; width: 750px; word-wrap: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot; language-bash&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, &#39;Andale Mono&#39;, monospace; font-size: 0.8125rem; position: relative; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: white 0px 1px; word-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;$ iptables &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;t mangle &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;A FORWARD &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;o eth0 \
 &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;p tcp &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;m tcp &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;--&lt;/span&gt;tcp&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;flags SYN&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;RST SYN \
 &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;s &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;172.16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;16.0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;24&lt;/span&gt; \
 &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;m tcpmss &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;--&lt;/span&gt;mss &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;1361&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;1536&lt;/span&gt; \
 &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;j TCPMSS &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;--&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #0077aa;&quot;&gt;set&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;mss &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;1360&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;line-numbers-rows&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: none; border-right-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; left: -3.8em; letter-spacing: -1px; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 3em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: linenumber 1; display: block; pointer-events: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: linenumber 1; display: block; pointer-events: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: linenumber 1; display: block; pointer-events: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: linenumber 1; display: block; pointer-events: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: linenumber 1; display: block; pointer-events: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.416em;&quot;&gt;
This assumes that the address pool of your virtual IPs is 172.16.16.0/24 (see&amp;nbsp;rightsourceip in /etc/ipsec.conf).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.416em;&quot;&gt;
There is also an option to determine the MSS size dynamically (“MSS clamping”, via&amp;nbsp;the&amp;nbsp;–clamp-mss-to-pmtu option), but it wouldn’t fix IPsec for clients that set their MTU too high (like in the Android example).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.416em;&quot;&gt;
The MSS iptables rule doesn’t work with UDP applications. UDP is a connectionless protocol; hence&amp;nbsp;there is no way to negotiate a MSS during the handshake. The only solution to guarantee that UDP works is to disable the&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Don’t Fragment&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;(DF) bit in the IP header of the sender. This will allow our VPN server to fragment any UDP packet, if necessary. In Linux, you do it like this:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;line-numbers language-bash&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(245, 242, 240); box-sizing: border-box; counter-reset: linenumber 0; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, &#39;Andale Mono&#39;, monospace; font-size: 0.8125rem; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; overflow: auto; padding: 1em 1em 1em 3.8em; position: relative; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: white 0px 1px; width: 750px; word-wrap: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot; language-bash&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-family: Consolas, Monaco, &#39;Andale Mono&#39;, monospace; font-size: 0.8125rem; position: relative; tab-size: 4; text-shadow: white 0px 1px; word-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;$ &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #0077aa;&quot;&gt;echo&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #990055;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;proc&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;sys&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;net&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;ipv4&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot; style=&quot;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); box-sizing: border-box; color: #a67f59;&quot;&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;ip_no_pmtu_disc&lt;span class=&quot;line-numbers-rows&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-user-select: none; border-right-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; left: -3.8em; letter-spacing: -1px; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 3em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: linenumber 1; display: block; pointer-events: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
The VPN server will fragment outgoing UDP packets that exceed the interface MTU, which may not be as great for performance and reliability reasons, but at least it doesn’t break the tunnel connection. Fortunately, most folks don’t use UDP for anything much greater than DNS.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Lora, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;
Fonte:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.zeitgeist.se/2013/11/26/mtu-woes-in-ipsec-tunnels-how-to-fix/&quot;&gt;zeitgeist.se&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2014/09/mtu-woes-in-ipsec-tunnels-and-how-you.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>1</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-4890679460040106718</guid><pubDate>Wed, 27 Aug 2014 11:27:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-08-27T08:27:40.675-03:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Linux</category><title>INSTALANDO E CONFIGURANDO O VSFTPD – CENTOS</title><description>&lt;h1 class=&quot;entry-title&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: &#39;Open sans&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 40px 40px 10px; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
INSTALANDO E CONFIGURANDO O VSFTPD –&amp;nbsp;CENTOS&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;entry-content clear&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #666666; font-family: Bitter, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2; margin: 1.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 40px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
O VSFTP é um servidor de FTP muito fácil de configurar.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Começamos instalando ele.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
# Na sua Shell rode:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;yum install vsftpd -y&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
# Depois disto vamos no diretório dele para modificarmos o arquivo de configuração.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
cd /etc/vsftpd&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
mv&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;skimlinks-unlinked&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;vsftpd.conf&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;skimlinks-unlinked&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;vsftpd.conf.BACKUP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
vim&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;skimlinks-unlinked&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;vsftpd.conf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
anonymous_enable=NO&lt;br /&gt;local_enable=YES&lt;br /&gt;write_enable=YES&lt;br /&gt;local_umask=022&lt;br /&gt;dirmessage_enable=YES&lt;br /&gt;xferlog_enable=YES&lt;br /&gt;connect_from_port_20=YES&lt;br /&gt;xferlog_std_format=YES&lt;br /&gt;ftpd_banner=Bem-Vindo ao FTP.&lt;br /&gt;chroot_list_enable=YES&lt;br /&gt;chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list&lt;br /&gt;listen=YES&lt;br /&gt;pam_service_name=vsftpd&lt;br /&gt;userlist_enable=YES&lt;br /&gt;tcp_wrappers=YES&lt;br /&gt;xferlog_file=/var/log/&lt;span class=&quot;skimlinks-unlinked&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;vsftpd.log&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;pasv_enable=YES&lt;br /&gt;pasv_min_port=12000&lt;br /&gt;pasv_max_port=12100&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
# Note que no arquivo a cima, temos todos os parâmetros necessários para que o VSFTP funcione.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
# Não esqueça de modificar as linhas: “ftpd_banner=Bem-Vindo ao FTP.” “chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list” “xferlog_file=/var/log/&lt;span class=&quot;skimlinks-unlinked&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;vsftpd.log&lt;/span&gt;”&amp;nbsp; conforme sua necessidade.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
ftpd_banner=Bem-Vindo ao FTP. = Mensagem que será mostrada ao usuário quando ele se conectar no servidor.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list = Caminho do arquivo que contém os usuários liberados para acessar o FTP&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
xferlog_file=/var/log/&lt;span class=&quot;skimlinks-unlinked&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;vsftpd.log&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;= Caminho do LOG do VSFTP&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
# Depois das modificações, basta Iniciarmos o VSFTP, criar o arquivo chroot_list e incluir o usuário no mesmo e criar o usuário FTP.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
/etc/init.d/vsftpd start&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
touch /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
adduser teste&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
vim /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list ( inclua aqui a linha “teste”, para informarmos ao VSFTP que o usuário será o teste )&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Agora, você já tem um servidor FTP rodando.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Fonte: &lt;a href=&quot;http://psyscrew.wordpress.com/2011/11/25/instalando-e-configurando-o-vsftpd-centos/&quot;&gt;psyscrew&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2014/08/instalando-e-configurando-o-vsftpd.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-1581624673677762681</guid><pubDate>Mon, 18 Aug 2014 11:29:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-08-18T08:29:01.599-03:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Linux</category><title>Linux Performance Measurements using vmstat</title><description>vmstat (virtual memory statistics) is a valuable monitoring utility, which also provides information about block IO and CPU activity in addition to memory.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;vmstat Basics&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
vmstat provides a number of values and will typically be called using two numerical parameters.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Example: vmstat 1 5&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1 -&amp;gt; the values will be re-measured and reported every second&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;5 -&amp;gt; the values will be reported five times and then the program will stop&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first line of the report will contain the average values since the last time the computer was rebooted. All other lines in the report will represent their respective current values. Vmstat does not need any special user rights. It can run as a normal user.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$ vmstat 1 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;r &amp;nbsp;b &amp;nbsp; swpd &amp;nbsp; free &amp;nbsp; buff &amp;nbsp;cache &amp;nbsp; si &amp;nbsp; so &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;bi &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;bo &amp;nbsp; in &amp;nbsp; cs us sy id wa st&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;3 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;44712 110052 623096 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;30 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;28 &amp;nbsp;217 &amp;nbsp;888 13 &amp;nbsp;3 83 &amp;nbsp;1 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;44408 110052 623096 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; 88 1446 31 &amp;nbsp;4 65 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;44524 110052 623096 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; 84 &amp;nbsp;872 11 &amp;nbsp;2 87 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;44516 110052 623096 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp;149 1429 18 &amp;nbsp;5 77 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;44524 110052 623096 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; 60 &amp;nbsp;431 14 &amp;nbsp;1 85 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Meaning of the individual Values&lt;br /&gt;
(Source man vmstat):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Procs&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;r: The number of processes waiting for run time.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;b: The number of processes in uninterruptible sleep.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Memory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;swpd: the amount of virtual memory used.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;free: the amount of idle memory.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;buff: the amount of memory used as buffers.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;cache: the amount of memory used as cache.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;inact: the amount of inactive memory. (-a option)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;active: the amount of active memory. (-a option)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Swap&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;si: Amount of memory swapped in from disk (/s).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;so: Amount of memory swapped to disk (/s).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
IO&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;bi: Blocks received from a block device (blocks/s).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;bo: Blocks sent to a block device (blocks/s).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
System&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;in: The number of interrupts per second, including the clock.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;cs: The number of context switches per second.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
CPU&lt;br /&gt;
These are percentages of total CPU time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;us: Time spent running non-kernel code. (user time, including nice time)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;sy: Time spent running kernel code. (system time)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;id: Time spent idle. Prior to Linux 2.5.41, this includes IO-wait time.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;wa: Time spent waiting for IO. Prior to Linux 2.5.41, included in idle.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;st: Time stolen from a virtual machine. Prior to Linux 2.6.11, unknown.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Examples&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;CPU User Load Example&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A standard audio file will be encode as an MP3 file by means of the lame encoder[1] in this example. This process is quite CPU intensive and also demonstrates the execution of vmstat in parallel with a user CPU time of 97%:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora8 ~]$ vmstat 1 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;r &amp;nbsp;b &amp;nbsp; swpd &amp;nbsp; free &amp;nbsp; buff &amp;nbsp;cache &amp;nbsp; si &amp;nbsp; so &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;bi &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;bo &amp;nbsp; in &amp;nbsp; cs us sy id wa st&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;6 &amp;nbsp;1 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 302380 &amp;nbsp;16356 271852 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; 561 &amp;nbsp; 568 &amp;nbsp; 80 &amp;nbsp;590 43 &amp;nbsp;7 43 &amp;nbsp;7 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 300892 &amp;nbsp;16364 273256 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;52 &amp;nbsp; 79 &amp;nbsp;274 97 &amp;nbsp;3 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;2 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 299544 &amp;nbsp;16364 274532 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; 78 &amp;nbsp;372 97 &amp;nbsp;3 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 298292 &amp;nbsp;16368 275780 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; 53 &amp;nbsp;255 97 &amp;nbsp;3 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 296820 &amp;nbsp;16368 277192 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; 77 &amp;nbsp;377 97 &amp;nbsp;3 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora8 ~]$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;b&gt;CPU System Load Example&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In this example, a file will be filled with random content using dd.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$ dd if=/dev/urandom of=500MBfile bs=1M count=500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For this, /dev/urandom[2] will supply random numbers, which will be generated by the kernel. This will lead to an increased load on the CPU (sy – system time). At the same time, the vmstat executing in parallel will indicate that between 93% and 97% of the CPU time is being used for the execution of kernel code (for the generation of random numbers, in this case).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$ vmstat 1 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;r &amp;nbsp;b &amp;nbsp; swpd &amp;nbsp; free &amp;nbsp; buff &amp;nbsp;cache &amp;nbsp; si &amp;nbsp; so &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;bi &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;bo &amp;nbsp; in &amp;nbsp; cs us sy id wa st&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;2 &amp;nbsp;0 402944 &amp;nbsp;54000 161912 745324 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;5 &amp;nbsp; 14 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;54 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;59 &amp;nbsp;221 &amp;nbsp;867 13 &amp;nbsp;3 82 &amp;nbsp;2 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1 &amp;nbsp;0 402944 &amp;nbsp;53232 161916 748396 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; 30 &amp;nbsp;213 &amp;nbsp;3 97 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1 &amp;nbsp;0 402944 &amp;nbsp;49752 161920 751452 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; 28 &amp;nbsp;290 &amp;nbsp;4 96 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1 &amp;nbsp;0 402944 &amp;nbsp;45804 161924 755564 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; 29 &amp;nbsp;188 &amp;nbsp;2 98 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1 &amp;nbsp;0 402944 &amp;nbsp;42568 161936 758608 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 17456 &amp;nbsp;272 &amp;nbsp;509 &amp;nbsp;7 93 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The time for executing system calls[3][4][5] will be counted as system time (sy).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
RAM Bottleneck (swapping) Example&lt;br /&gt;
In this example, many applications will be opened (including VirtualBox with a Windows guest system, among others). Almost all of the working memory will be used. Then, one more application (OpenOffice) will be started. The Linux kernel will then swap out several memory pages to the swap file on the hard disk, in order to get more RAM for OpenOffice. Swapping the memory pages to the swap file will be seen in the so (swap out - memory swapped to disk) column as vmstat executes in parallel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora8 ~]$ vmstat 1 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;r &amp;nbsp;b &amp;nbsp; swpd &amp;nbsp; free &amp;nbsp; buff &amp;nbsp;cache &amp;nbsp; si &amp;nbsp; so &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;bi &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;bo &amp;nbsp; in &amp;nbsp; cs us sy id wa st&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;3 &amp;nbsp;1 244208 &amp;nbsp;10312 &amp;nbsp; 1552 &amp;nbsp;62636 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;4 &amp;nbsp; 23 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;98 &amp;nbsp; 249 &amp;nbsp; 44 &amp;nbsp;304 28 &amp;nbsp;3 68 &amp;nbsp;1 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;2 244920 &amp;nbsp; 6852 &amp;nbsp; 1844 &amp;nbsp;67284 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;544 &amp;nbsp;5248 &amp;nbsp; 544 &amp;nbsp;236 1655 &amp;nbsp;4 &amp;nbsp;6 &amp;nbsp;0 90 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1 &amp;nbsp;2 256556 &amp;nbsp; 7468 &amp;nbsp; 1892 &amp;nbsp;69356 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 3404 &amp;nbsp;6048 &amp;nbsp;3448 &amp;nbsp;290 2604 &amp;nbsp;5 12 &amp;nbsp;0 83 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;2 263832 &amp;nbsp; 8416 &amp;nbsp; 1952 &amp;nbsp;71028 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 3788 &amp;nbsp;2792 &amp;nbsp;3788 &amp;nbsp;140 2926 12 14 &amp;nbsp;0 74 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;3 274492 &amp;nbsp; 7704 &amp;nbsp; 1964 &amp;nbsp;73064 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 4444 &amp;nbsp;2812 &amp;nbsp;5840 &amp;nbsp;295 4201 &amp;nbsp;8 22 &amp;nbsp;0 69 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora8 ~]$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;b&gt;High IO Read Load Example&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A large file (such as an ISO file) will be read and written to /dev/null using dd.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$ dd if=bigfile.iso of=/dev/null bs=1M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Executed in parallel, vmstat will show the increased IO read load (the bi value).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$ vmstat 1 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;r &amp;nbsp;b &amp;nbsp; swpd &amp;nbsp; free &amp;nbsp; buff &amp;nbsp;cache &amp;nbsp; si &amp;nbsp; so &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;bi &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;bo &amp;nbsp; in &amp;nbsp; cs us sy id wa st&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;3 &amp;nbsp;1 465872 &amp;nbsp;36132 &amp;nbsp;82588 1018364 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;7 &amp;nbsp; 17 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;70 &amp;nbsp; 127 &amp;nbsp;214 &amp;nbsp;838 12 &amp;nbsp;3 82 &amp;nbsp;3 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;1 465872 &amp;nbsp;33796 &amp;nbsp;82620 1021820 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 34592 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp;357 &amp;nbsp;781 &amp;nbsp;6 10 &amp;nbsp;0 84 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;1 465872 &amp;nbsp;36100 &amp;nbsp;82656 1019660 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 34340 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp;358 &amp;nbsp;723 &amp;nbsp;5 &amp;nbsp;9 &amp;nbsp;0 86 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;1 465872 &amp;nbsp;35744 &amp;nbsp;82688 1020416 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 33312 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp;345 &amp;nbsp;892 &amp;nbsp;8 11 &amp;nbsp;0 81 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;1 465872 &amp;nbsp;35716 &amp;nbsp;82572 1020948 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 34592 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp;358 &amp;nbsp;738 &amp;nbsp;7 &amp;nbsp;8 &amp;nbsp;0 85 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;b&gt;High IO Write Load Example&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
In contrast with the previous example, dd will read from /dev/zero and write a file. The oflag=dsync will cause the data to be written immediately to the disk (and not merely stored in the page cache).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=500MBfile bs=1M count=500 oflag=dsync&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
Executed in parallel, vmstat will show the increased IO write load (the bo value).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$ vmstat 1 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;r &amp;nbsp;b &amp;nbsp; swpd &amp;nbsp; free &amp;nbsp; buff &amp;nbsp;cache &amp;nbsp; si &amp;nbsp; so &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;bi &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;bo &amp;nbsp; in &amp;nbsp; cs us sy id wa st&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1 &amp;nbsp;1 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;35628 &amp;nbsp;14700 1239164 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;1740 &amp;nbsp; 652 &amp;nbsp;117 &amp;nbsp;601 11 &amp;nbsp;4 66 20 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;1 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;34852 &amp;nbsp;14896 1239788 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 23096 &amp;nbsp;300 &amp;nbsp;573 &amp;nbsp;3 16 &amp;nbsp;0 81 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;1 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;32780 &amp;nbsp;15080 1241304 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 4 21000 &amp;nbsp;344 &amp;nbsp;526 &amp;nbsp;1 13 &amp;nbsp;0 86 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;1 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;36512 &amp;nbsp;15244 1237256 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 19952 &amp;nbsp;276 &amp;nbsp;394 &amp;nbsp;1 12 &amp;nbsp;0 87 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;1 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;35688 &amp;nbsp;15412 1237180 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 18904 &amp;nbsp;285 &amp;nbsp;465 &amp;nbsp;1 13 &amp;nbsp;0 86 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;b&gt;CPU Waiting for IO Example&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
In the following example, an updatedb process is already running. The updatedb utility is part of mlocate. It examines the entire file system and accordingly creates the database for the locate command (by means of which file searches can be performed very quickly). Because updatedb reads all of the file names from the entire file system, the CPU must wait to get data from the IO system (the hard disk). For that reason, vmstat running in parallel will display large values for wa (waiting for IO):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$ vmstat 1 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;r &amp;nbsp;b &amp;nbsp; swpd &amp;nbsp; free &amp;nbsp; buff &amp;nbsp;cache &amp;nbsp; si &amp;nbsp; so &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;bi &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;bo &amp;nbsp; in &amp;nbsp; cs us sy id wa st&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;2 &amp;nbsp;1 403256 602848 &amp;nbsp;17836 400356 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;5 &amp;nbsp; 15 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;50 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;50 &amp;nbsp;207 &amp;nbsp;861 13 &amp;nbsp;3 83 &amp;nbsp;1 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;1 &amp;nbsp;0 403256 601568 &amp;nbsp;18892 400496 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;1048 &amp;nbsp; 364 &amp;nbsp;337 1903 &amp;nbsp;5 &amp;nbsp;7 &amp;nbsp;0 88 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;1 403256 600816 &amp;nbsp;19640 400568 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; 748 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp;259 1142 &amp;nbsp;6 &amp;nbsp;4 &amp;nbsp;0 90 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;1 403256 600300 &amp;nbsp;20116 400800 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; 476 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp;196 &amp;nbsp;630 &amp;nbsp;8 &amp;nbsp;5 &amp;nbsp;0 87 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;1 403256 599328 &amp;nbsp;20792 400792 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; 676 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp;278 1401 &amp;nbsp;7 &amp;nbsp;5 &amp;nbsp;0 88 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Additional vmstat Options&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;vmstat --help&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$ vmstat --help&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;usage: vmstat [-V] [-n] [delay [count]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; -V prints version.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; -n causes the headers not to be reprinted regularly.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; -a print inactive/active page stats.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; -d prints disk statistics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; -D prints disk table&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; -p prints disk partition statistics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; -s prints vm table&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; -m prints slabinfo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; -S unit size&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; delay is the delay between updates in seconds.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; unit size k:1000 K:1024 m:1000000 M:1048576 (default is K)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; count is the number of updates.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;vmstat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$ vmstat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;r &amp;nbsp;b &amp;nbsp; swpd &amp;nbsp; free &amp;nbsp; buff &amp;nbsp;cache &amp;nbsp; si &amp;nbsp; so &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;bi &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;bo &amp;nbsp; in &amp;nbsp; cs us sy id wa st&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;2 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;14960 &amp;nbsp;38016 &amp;nbsp; 6584 1069284 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;1 &amp;nbsp; 506 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;81 &amp;nbsp;727 1373 12 &amp;nbsp;4 81 &amp;nbsp;3 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;vmstat -V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$ vmstat -V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;procps version 3.2.7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;vmstat -a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$ vmstat -a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;r &amp;nbsp;b &amp;nbsp; swpd &amp;nbsp; free &amp;nbsp;inact active &amp;nbsp; si &amp;nbsp; so &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;bi &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;bo &amp;nbsp; in &amp;nbsp; cs us sy id wa st&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;3 &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp;14960 &amp;nbsp;38024 988284 461704 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;1 &amp;nbsp; 506 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;81 &amp;nbsp;726 1372 12 &amp;nbsp;4 81 &amp;nbsp;3 &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;vmstat -d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$ vmstat -d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;disk- ------------reads------------ ------------writes----------- -----IO------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;total merged sectors &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;ms &amp;nbsp;total merged sectors &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;ms &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;cur &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;sec&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;ram0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;ram1 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;ram2 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;ram3 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;ram4 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;ram5 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;ram6 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;ram7 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;ram8 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;ram9 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;ram10 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;ram11 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;ram12 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;ram13 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;ram14 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;ram15 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;sda &amp;nbsp; 136909 &amp;nbsp;31536 13893867 1197609 &amp;nbsp;58190 219323 2233264 7688807 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;677&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;sda1 &amp;nbsp; 35703 &amp;nbsp; 6048 1326394 &amp;nbsp;511477 &amp;nbsp; 6728 &amp;nbsp;16136 &amp;nbsp;182984 &amp;nbsp;419232 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;222&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;sda2 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;85 &amp;nbsp; 1489 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;2935 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 653 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;141 &amp;nbsp; 3603 &amp;nbsp; 29952 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;5254 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;sda3 &amp;nbsp;101111 &amp;nbsp;23961 12564154 &amp;nbsp;685330 &amp;nbsp;51321 199584 2020328 7264321 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;512&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;sr0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;fd0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;vmstat -D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$ vmstat -D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;22 disks&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 partitions&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;273820 total reads&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 63034 merged reads&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;27787446 read sectors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 2395193 milli reading&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;116450 writes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;438666 merged writes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 4467248 written sectors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;15377932 milli writing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 inprogress IO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;1412 milli spent IO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;vmstat -p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;vmstat -p will not work under Fedora: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=485246. The following report comes from an Ubuntu 9.10 system.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;user@ubuntu-9-10:~$ vmstat -p /dev/sda9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;sda9 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;reads &amp;nbsp; read sectors &amp;nbsp;writes &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;requested writes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;23420 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 411365 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;24464 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 530801&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;user@ubuntu-9-10:~$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;vmstat -s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$ vmstat -s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 1553972 &amp;nbsp;total memory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 1516180 &amp;nbsp;used memory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;461892 &amp;nbsp;active memory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;988304 &amp;nbsp;inactive memory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 37792 &amp;nbsp;free memory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;6644 &amp;nbsp;buffer memory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 1069388 &amp;nbsp;swap cache&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 1052248 &amp;nbsp;total swap&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 14960 &amp;nbsp;used swap&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 1037288 &amp;nbsp;free swap&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;161467 non-nice user cpu ticks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;7586 nice user cpu ticks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 46310 system cpu ticks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 1108919 idle cpu ticks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 46832 IO-wait cpu ticks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;2694 IRQ cpu ticks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;2452 softirq cpu ticks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 stolen cpu ticks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 6947021 pages paged in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 1116896 pages paged out&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 183 pages swapped in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;3744 pages swapped out&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 9985406 interrupts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;18852586 CPU context switches&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;1239004323 boot time&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 15072 forks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;vmstat -m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$ vmstat -m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Cache &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Num &amp;nbsp;Total &amp;nbsp; Size &amp;nbsp;Pages&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;fuse_request &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 11 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 11 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;368 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;fuse_inode &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;9 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;9 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;448 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;rpc_inode_cache &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 8 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;8 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;512 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;nf_conntrack_expect &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;168 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;nf_conntrack &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 26 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 80 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;248 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;dm_uevent &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; 2464 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;UDPv6 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;22 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 22 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;704 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;TCPv6 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 6 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;6 &amp;nbsp; 1344 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;kmalloc_dma-512 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 8 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;8 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;512 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;sgpool-128 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 12 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 12 &amp;nbsp; 2048 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;scsi_io_context &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;104 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 39&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;ext3_inode_cache &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 6822 &amp;nbsp; 8360 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;496 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;ext3_xattr &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 85 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 85 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 48 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 85&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;journal_handle &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;170 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;170 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 24 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;170&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;journal_head &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 76 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;219 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 56 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 73&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;revoke_record &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 256 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;256 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 16 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;256&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;flow_cache &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 80 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 51&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;bsg_cmd &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;288 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;mqueue_inode_cache &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;7 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;7 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;576 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;isofs_inode_cache &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;376 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;hugetlbfs_inode_cache &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;11 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 11 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;344 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;dquot &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;128 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;shmem_inode_cache &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;1058 &amp;nbsp; 1071 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;448 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;xfrm_dst_cache &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;0 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;320 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;UDP &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;19 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 21 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;576 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;TCP &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;17 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 24 &amp;nbsp; 1216 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;blkdev_queue &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 21 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 21 &amp;nbsp; 1080 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;biovec-256 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;2 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;2 &amp;nbsp; 3072 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;biovec-128 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;5 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;5 &amp;nbsp; 1536 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;biovec-64 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 7 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 10 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;768 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;sock_inode_cache &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;619 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;650 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;384 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;file_lock_cache &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;39 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 39 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;104 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 39&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Acpi-Operand &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 2935 &amp;nbsp; 2958 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 40 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;102&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Acpi-Namespace &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 1700 &amp;nbsp; 1700 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 24 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;170&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Cache &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Num &amp;nbsp;Total &amp;nbsp; Size &amp;nbsp;Pages&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;taskstats &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;25 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 26 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;312 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;proc_inode_cache &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;233 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;242 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;360 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;sigqueue &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 28 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 28 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;144 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 28&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;radix_tree_node &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;7888 &amp;nbsp; 8606 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;296 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;bdev_cache &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 24 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 24 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;512 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;inode_cache &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 370 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;462 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;344 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;dentry &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 6592 &amp;nbsp;15390 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;136 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;names_cache &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 2 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;2 &amp;nbsp; 4096 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;avc_node &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 73 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 73 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 56 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 73&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;selinux_inode_security &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 9888 &amp;nbsp;10030 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 48 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 85&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;idr_layer_cache &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 627 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;644 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;144 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 28&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;buffer_head &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;2308 &amp;nbsp; 2688 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 64 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 64&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;mm_struct &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 659 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;693 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;448 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;vm_area_struct &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;11110 &amp;nbsp;11592 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 88 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 46&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;files_cache &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 115 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;130 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;384 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;sighand_cache &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 141 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;150 &amp;nbsp; 1344 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;task_struct &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 246 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;248 &amp;nbsp; 3696 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;anon_vma &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 4778 &amp;nbsp; 5120 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 16 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;256&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;kmalloc-4096 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 95 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;112 &amp;nbsp; 4096 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;kmalloc-2048 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;272 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;304 &amp;nbsp; 2048 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;kmalloc-1024 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;518 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;524 &amp;nbsp; 1024 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;kmalloc-512 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 764 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;888 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;512 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;kmalloc-256 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 198 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;208 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;256 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;kmalloc-128 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 629 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;832 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;128 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;kmalloc-64 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 4322 &amp;nbsp; 5568 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 64 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 64&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;kmalloc-32 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 1554 &amp;nbsp; 1664 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 32 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;128&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;kmalloc-16 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 2644 &amp;nbsp; 3584 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 16 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;256&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;kmalloc-8 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;3561 &amp;nbsp; 3584 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;8 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;512&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;kmalloc-192 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;6349 &amp;nbsp; 6930 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;192 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 21&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;kmalloc-96 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;885 &amp;nbsp; 1176 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 96 &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 42&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;[user@fedora9 ~]$&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;References&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
http://lame.sourceforge.net/&lt;br /&gt;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki//dev/random&lt;br /&gt;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_call&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.softpanorama.org/Internals/unix_system_calls.shtml&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-system-calls/</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2014/08/linux-performance-measurements-using.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-978412673489912835</guid><pubDate>Thu, 07 Aug 2014 11:50:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-08-07T08:51:54.398-03:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Linux</category><title>Dicas com o comando find</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24.639999389648438px; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
O comando find tem por finalidade encontrar arquivos no Linux, aqui mostramos alguns exemplos bastante úteis para o seu dia a dia.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24.639999389648438px; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Buscando um arquivo com o Tamanho maior que 5 Megas&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  &quot; id=&quot;highlighter_493257&quot; style=&quot;background: none rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224) !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 15px; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 638.546875px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;lines&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line alt1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;content&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: transparent; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 960px;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;find / -size +5000k&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24.639999389648438px; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Procurando arquivos sem Dono&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  &quot; id=&quot;highlighter_459963&quot; style=&quot;background: none rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224) !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 15px; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 638.546875px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;lines&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line alt1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;content&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: transparent; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 960px;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;find / -nouser&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24.639999389648438px; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Para remover este arquivo, faça o seguinte:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  &quot; id=&quot;highlighter_3746&quot; style=&quot;background: none rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224) !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 15px; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 638.546875px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;lines&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line alt1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;content&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: transparent; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 960px;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;find / -nouser -print | xargs rm&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24.639999389648438px; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Procurando arquivos pelo grupo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  &quot; id=&quot;highlighter_440096&quot; style=&quot;background: none rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224) !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 15px; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 638.546875px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;lines&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line alt1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;content&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: transparent; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 960px;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;find / -group casa -name nome.ext&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24.639999389648438px; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Procurando todos os arquivos que NÃO tenha a extensão .gif&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  &quot; id=&quot;highlighter_838606&quot; style=&quot;background: none rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224) !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 15px; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 638.546875px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;lines&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line alt1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;content&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: transparent; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 960px;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;find / \! -name &quot;*.gif&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24.639999389648438px; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Procurando os arquivos do usuário joao ou grupo casa&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  &quot; id=&quot;highlighter_723984&quot; style=&quot;background: none rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224) !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 15px; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 638.546875px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;lines&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line alt1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;content&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: transparent; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 960px;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;find / \( -group casa -o -user joao \) -print&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  &quot; id=&quot;highlighter_589143&quot; style=&quot;background: none rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224) !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 15px; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 638.546875px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;lines&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line alt1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;content&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: transparent; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 960px;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;find / -path &quot;/proc&quot; -prune&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line alt2&quot; style=&quot;background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;content&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: transparent; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 960px;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;spaces&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;-or&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line alt1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;content&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: transparent; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 960px;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;spaces&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;-perm -u+s&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line alt2&quot; style=&quot;background: none rgb(248, 248, 248) !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;content&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: transparent; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 960px;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;spaces&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;-exec ls -l {} \;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24.639999389648438px; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Procurando arquivos que tem mais de 30 dias e que estão vazios&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24.639999389648438px; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
# visualizando&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  &quot; id=&quot;highlighter_590814&quot; style=&quot;background: none rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224) !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 15px; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 638.546875px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;lines&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line alt1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;content&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: transparent; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 960px;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;find /home/files/ -mtime +30 -type f -empty -exec ls -ltr {} \;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24.639999389648438px; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
#removendo&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  &quot; id=&quot;highlighter_945011&quot; style=&quot;background: none rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224) !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 15px; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 638.546875px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;lines&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line alt1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;content&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: transparent; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 960px;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;find /home/files/ -mtime +30 -type f -empty -exec rm -v {} \;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24.639999389648438px; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Procurando arquivos com mais de 1GB&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# visualizando&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  &quot; id=&quot;highlighter_283557&quot; style=&quot;background: none rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224) !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 15px; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 638.546875px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;lines&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line alt1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;content&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: transparent; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 960px;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;find /home/files/load/ok/ -type f -size +1024M -exec ls -la {} \;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24.639999389648438px; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
# removendo&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  &quot; id=&quot;highlighter_647153&quot; style=&quot;background: none rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224) !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 15px; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 638.546875px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;lines&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line alt1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;content&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: transparent; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 960px;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;find /home/files/load/ok/ -type f -size +1024M -exec rm -vf {} \;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24.639999389648438px; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Procurando arquivos que tem mais de 90 dias&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24.639999389648438px; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
# visualizando&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  &quot; id=&quot;highlighter_277477&quot; style=&quot;background: none rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224) !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 15px; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 638.546875px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;lines&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line alt1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;content&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: transparent; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 960px;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;find /home/files/load/ok/ -mtime +90 -type f -exec ls -ltr {} \;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24.639999389648438px; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
# removendo&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  &quot; id=&quot;highlighter_313370&quot; style=&quot;background: none rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224) !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 15px; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 638.546875px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;lines&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line alt1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;content&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: transparent; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 960px;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;find /home/files/load/ok/ -mtime +90 -type f -exec rm -v {} \;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24.639999389648438px; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Procurando os arquivos que tem mais de 10MB&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# visualizando&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  &quot; id=&quot;highlighter_282834&quot; style=&quot;background: none rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224) !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 15px; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 638.546875px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;lines&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line alt1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;content&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: transparent; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 960px;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;find /home/files/load/ok/ -type f -size +10M \( -name &quot;*txt.OK&quot; -o -name &quot;*TXT.OK&quot; \) -exec ls -ltr {} \;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24.639999389648438px; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
# removendo&lt;a class=&quot;item viewSource&quot; href=&quot;http://blog.vanderli.com.br/linux-comando-find#viewSource&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(http://blog.vanderli.com.br/wp-content/plugins/syntaxhighlighter/syntaxhighlighter2/styles/page_white_code.png) !important; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: no-repeat !important; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: rgb(160, 160, 160) !important; display: inline !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: 1px; height: 16px; line-height: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 8px !important; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden !important; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -5000px !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 16px;&quot; title=&quot;view source&quot;&gt;view source&lt;/a&gt;print&lt;a class=&quot;item about&quot; href=&quot;http://blog.vanderli.com.br/linux-comando-find#about&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(http://blog.vanderli.com.br/wp-content/plugins/syntaxhighlighter/syntaxhighlighter2/styles/help.png) !important; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: no-repeat !important; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: rgb(160, 160, 160) !important; display: inline !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: 1px; height: 16px; line-height: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 8px !important; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden !important; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -5000px !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 16px;&quot; title=&quot;?&quot;&gt;?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  &quot; id=&quot;highlighter_87486&quot; style=&quot;background: none rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224) !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 15px; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 638.546875px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;lines&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line alt1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background: none !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0px; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;number&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 3em !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: block !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0.3em 0px 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 2.7em !important;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;content&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border-bottom-width: 0px !important; border-left-color: transparent; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: transparent; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-width: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: top !important; width: 960px;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;plain&quot; style=&quot;background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;find /home/files/load/ok/ -type f -size +10M \( -name &quot;*txt.OK&quot; -o -name &quot;*TXT.OK&quot; \) -exec gzip -v {} \;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;bodyContent&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24.639999389648438px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;yarpp-related&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24.639999389648438px; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Fonte:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.vanderli.com.br/linux-comando-find&quot;&gt;blog.vanderli&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2014/08/dicas-com-o-comando-find.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-6518977391975189193</guid><pubDate>Wed, 06 Aug 2014 17:06:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-08-06T14:08:01.951-03:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">ZIMBRA</category><title>ZIMBRA: UNABLE TO DETERMINE ENABLED SERVICES. CACHE IS OUT OF DATE OR DOESN’T EXIST.</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Olá pessoal, segue uma dica para resolver o problema relacionado:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
A mensagem de erro quando executamos o comando&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;zmcontrol status&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;é:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  bash&quot; id=&quot;highlighter_922110&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow-x: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; padding: 0px; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 460px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;toolbar&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; background-image: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: none !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 10px !important; height: 11px !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; right: 1px !important; top: 1px !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 11px !important; z-index: 10 !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-spacing: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #656565; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 752px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;gutter&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;line number1 index0 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
1&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number2 index1 alt1&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
2&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number3 index2 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
3&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;code&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 716px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;container&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number1 index0 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;zimbra@zimbra:/~$ zmcontrol status&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number2 index1 alt1&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;Unable to determine enabled services from ldap.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number3 index2 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;Unable to determine enabled services. Cache is out of &lt;/code&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;bash functions&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(255, 20, 147) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;date&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;or doesn&#39;t exist.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Descobri que meu certificado tinha expirado, para saber se o seu certificado está expirado execute o comando abaixo:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  bash&quot; id=&quot;highlighter_730014&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em !important; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow-x: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; padding: 0px; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 460px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;toolbar&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: none !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: white !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 10px !important; height: 11px !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; right: 1px !important; top: 1px !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 11px !important; z-index: 10 !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-spacing: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 752px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;gutter&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;line number1 index0 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
1&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;code&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 716px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;container&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number1 index0 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;root@zimbra:~&lt;/code&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;bash comments&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 130, 0) !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;# /opt/zimbra/bin/zmcertmgr&lt;/code&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: initial; color: #008200; font-size: 1em; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.1em;&quot;&gt; viewdeployedcrt all |grep notAfter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Logo irá aparecer a data do certificado que está no Zimbra.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Se estiver vencido, execute os comandos (como root) abaixo para criar um novo certificado. O certificado será criado para 3 anos:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  bash&quot; id=&quot;highlighter_747857&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em !important; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow-x: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; padding: 0px; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 460px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;toolbar&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: none !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: white !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 10px !important; height: 11px !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; right: 1px !important; top: 1px !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 11px !important; z-index: 10 !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-spacing: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 527px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;gutter&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;line number1 index0 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
1&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number2 index1 alt1&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
2&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number3 index2 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
3&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number4 index3 alt1&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
4&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;code&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 491px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;container&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number1 index0 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;/opt/zimbra/bin/zmcertmgr&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;createca -new&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number2 index1 alt1&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;/opt/zimbra/bin/zmcertmgr&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;createcrt -new -days 1095&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number3 index2 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;/opt/zimbra/bin/zmcertmgr&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;deploycrt self&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number4 index3 alt1&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;/opt/zimbra/bin/zmcertmgr&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;deployca&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Depois reinici o servidor e verifique se os serviços estão funcionando corretamente:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #656565; font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  bash&quot; id=&quot;highlighter_639375&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em !important; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow-x: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; padding: 0px; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 460px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;toolbar&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: none !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: white !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 10px !important; height: 11px !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; right: 1px !important; top: 1px !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 11px !important; z-index: 10 !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-spacing: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 460px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;gutter&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;line number1 index0 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
01&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number2 index1 alt1&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
02&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number3 index2 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
03&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number4 index3 alt1&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
04&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number5 index4 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
05&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number6 index5 alt1&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
06&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number7 index6 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
07&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number8 index7 alt1&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
08&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number9 index8 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
09&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number10 index9 alt1&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
10&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number11 index10 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
11&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;code&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 415px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;container&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number1 index0 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;zimbra@zimbra:/~$ zmcontrol status&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number2 index1 alt1&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;Host &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number3 index2 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash spaces&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;antispam&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Running&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number4 index3 alt1&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash spaces&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;ldap&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Running&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number5 index4 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash spaces&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;logger&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Running&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number6 index5 alt1&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash spaces&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;mailbox&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Running&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number7 index6 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash spaces&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;mta&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Running&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number8 index7 alt1&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash spaces&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;snmp&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Running&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number9 index8 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash spaces&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;spell&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Running&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number10 index9 alt1&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash spaces&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;stats&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Running&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;line number11 index10 alt2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; float: none !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;
&lt;code class=&quot;bash spaces&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;bash plain&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: none !important; background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; direction: ltr !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, &#39;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&#39;, &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 1em !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;&quot;&gt;zmconfigd&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Running&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;syntaxhighlighter  bash&quot; id=&quot;highlighter_639375&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em !important; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow-x: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; padding: 0px; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 460px;&quot;&gt;
Fonte:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thiagopassamani.com.br/zimbra/zimbra-unable-to-determine-enabled-services-cache-is-out-of-date-or-doesnt-exist.html&quot;&gt;thiagopassamani&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2014/08/zimbra-unable-to-determine-enabled.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-9043063161373364475</guid><pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2014 20:43:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-07-31T17:43:09.277-03:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">CISCO</category><title>Determinação de Subnets</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
A fórmula de cálculo para determinar quantas redes podemos criar em função dos bits usados desta forma é &lt;b&gt;(2n-2)&lt;/b&gt;, em que n é o número de bits. Assim, se usarmos 1 bit teremos 0 redes, com 2 bits teremos 2 redes, com 3 bits teremos 6 redes e por aí adiante. Por este cálculo, vemos que iremos utilizar 3 bits, pois só com apenas seria possível obter 2 subnets.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Embora os números costumem ser uma matéria complicada, neste caso ajudam-nos a compreender melhor o que foi explicado. Vamos começar por reduzir a binário o endereço original (172.16.0.0 com Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0) sem nos preocuparmos para já com a questão do subnetting. A decomposição do endereço IP é mostrada na tabela 1.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;1º OCTETO 2º OCTETO 3º OCTETO 4º OCTETO DECIMAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;SUBNET MASK 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 255.255.255.0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;ENDEREÇO IP 10101100 00010000 00000000 00000000 172.16.0.0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
TABELA 1 – Endereços na forma binária&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
De acordo com o cálculo efectuado anteriormente, vamos usar 3 bits do Host ID no Network ID. Assim, vamos alterar o 3º octeto da Subnet Mask de “00000000”para “11100000”. Em relação ao 3º octeto do endereço IP, combinando todas as possibilidade de “0” e “1” teremos o seguinte: “000”, “001”, “010”,“011”, “100”, “101”, “110” e “111”, o que resulta num total de 8 combinações.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Mas, segundo as regras, as combinações “000” e “111” não são válidas (daí o “-2” na fórmula).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Vamos voltar a fazer a tabela com os novos dados, sublinhando as diferenças em relação à tabela anterior:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; 1º OCTETO 2º OCTETO 3º OCTETO 4º OCTETO DECIMAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;SUBNET MASK 11111111 11111111 11100000 00000000 255.255.224.0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;SUBNET 1 10101100 00010000 00100000 00000000 172.16.32.0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;SUBNET 2 10101100 00010000 01000000 00000000 172.16.64.0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;SUBNET 3 10101100 00010000 01100000 00000000 172.16.96.0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;SUBNET 4 10101100 00010000 10000000 00000000 172.16.128.0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;SUBNET 5 10101100 00010000 10100000 00000000 172.16.160.0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;SUBNET 6 10101100 00010000 11000000 00000000 172.16.192.0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
TABELA 2 – Cálculo das subnets&lt;/div&gt;
</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2014/07/determinacao-de-subnets.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-8294831316272706893</guid><pubDate>Mon, 21 Jul 2014 16:53:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-07-21T13:53:12.997-03:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">CISCO</category><title>How to calculate the Wildcard Mask </title><description>&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;This is really simple.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Simply subtract your mask from 255.255.255.255 to get your wildcard mask.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Example:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;The wilcard mask of /26 is:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;255.255.255.255 - 255.255.255.192 = 0.0.0.63&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;The wilcard mask of /19 is:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;255.255.255.255 - 255.255.224.0 = 0.0.31.255&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;The wildcard mask of /12 is:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;255.255.255.255 - 255.240.0.0 = 0.15.255.255&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;There is an alternative way of calculating your wildcard mask which follows on from the Subnetting Made Easy post about boundaries. If you do not understand what I mean about boundaries please read that post.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;For example, if you had a /28, your next boundary is /32 so 32 - 28 = 4 and 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;= 16. If we subtract 1 from the block size it gives us 15 which is what we put into our wildcard mask in the octet that we are subnetting in. All octets before the one we are subnetting in are 0 and all octets after the octet we are subnetting in should be 255.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Let&#39;s follow that again:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;1. /28 gives us 15 in the last octet (i.e. 32 - 28 = 4 and 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;- 1 = 15)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;2. All octets before that octet have to be 0 (i.e. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd octets)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;3. All octets after that octet have to be 255 (not applicable here as /28 is in the last octet)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;4. We therefore have 0.0.0.15 as our wildcard mask&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Let&#39;s do it with a /21:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;1. /21 gives us 7 in the third octet (i.e. 24 - 21 = 3 and 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;- 1 = 7)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;2. All octets before that octet have to be 0 (i.e. 1st and 2nd octets)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;3. All octets after that octet have to be 255 (i.e. the 4th octet)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;4. We therefore have 0.0.7.255 as our wildcard mask&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Let&#39;s do it with a /9:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;1. /9 gives us 127 in the second octet (i.e. 16 - 9 = 7 and 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;- 1 = 127&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;2. All octets before that octet have to be 0 (i.e. the 1st octet)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;3. All octets after that octet have to be 255 (i.e. the 3rd and 4th octet)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #303030; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 17.02400016784668px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;4. We therefore have 0.127.255.255 as our wildcard mask&lt;/span&gt;</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2014/07/how-to-calculate-wildcard-mask.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-7964218355539134588</guid><pubDate>Mon, 21 Jul 2014 00:43:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-07-20T21:43:38.772-03:00</atom:updated><title>Matemática torna internet até 10 vezes mais rápida</title><description>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.inovacaotecnologica.com.br/noticias/noticia.php?artigo=matematica-torna-internet-10-vezes-mais-rapida&amp;amp;id=010150140718&amp;amp;ebol=sim#.U8xiKws8f-s.blogger&quot;&gt;Matemática torna internet até 10 vezes mais rápida&lt;/a&gt;: Equações matemáticas substituem os pacotes de dados e tornam a internet mais rápida sem precisar alterar nenhuma infraestrutura.</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2014/07/matematica-torna-internet-ate-10-vezes.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-251542008437482520</guid><pubDate>Tue, 15 Jul 2014 10:51:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-07-15T07:51:15.440-03:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">CISCO</category><title>Configurando senhas em um roteador Cisco</title><description>&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: #283d42; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 16.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;contentpaneopen&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 2px;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
Segurança em um roteador Cisco&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
As senhas em um&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;roteador Cisco&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;são de extrema importância para a&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;segurança&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;do sistema e da rede como um todo. Em um roteador Cisco existem 4 tipos de senha:&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;enable secret&lt;/em&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;enable password&lt;/em&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;console e vty&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
A&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;enable secret&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;é a&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;senha&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;mais&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;forte&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;do roteador Cisco. Ela é requerida quando se tenta entrar no modo&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;EXEC privilegiado&lt;/em&gt;. A diferença entre a enable secret e a enable password é que a primeira é criptografada por padrão com uma chave poderosa, enquanto a segunda não, sendo que a secret tem precedência sobre a password. Entretanto, vou mostrar no final deste artigo, como implementar&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;criptografia&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;leve para todas as senhas não criptografadas do roteador.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
A&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;enable password&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;como dito anteriormente é uma senha sem criptografia, e é requerida também quando se tentar entrar no modo EXEC privilegiado.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
A&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;senha de console&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;será requerida quando o administrador entrar no roteador pela porta console, utilizando para isso um cabo rollover conectado a porta console do roteador à porta serial do computador. Como podemos ver, essa é uma senha para conexão física ao roteador. Entretanto, mesmo sendo uma conexão física, ela deve possuir senha para aumentar a segurança.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
A&lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp;senha de vty&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;será requerida ao tentar se conectar ao roteador por meio de uma sessão telnet. No roteador Cisco, o padrão são 5 conexões remotas, numeradas a partir do 0.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
É importante frisar que somente a enable secret é criptografada por default (padrão). As demais senhas, quando inserido o comando&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;#show running-config&lt;/em&gt;, que mostra a configuração em execução do roteador aparecem em texto aberto o que compromete a segurança da rede. Abaixo segue um exemplo desta situação.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;enable password cisco&lt;br /&gt;!&lt;br /&gt;(...)&lt;br /&gt;line con 0&lt;br /&gt;password cisco&lt;br /&gt;login&lt;br /&gt;line vty 0 3&lt;br /&gt;login&lt;br /&gt;line vty 4&lt;br /&gt;password cisco&lt;br /&gt;login&lt;br /&gt;!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Agora que você já tem uma idéia sobre as senhas em um roteador Cisco, está na hora de começar a configurá-las. Primeiramente vamos configurar as senhas de console e vty.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;Router&amp;gt;en&lt;br /&gt;Router#configure terminal&lt;br /&gt;Router(config)#line console 0 // Entra na interface de console. O nº 0 é referente ao nº da interface de console.&lt;br /&gt;Router(config-line)#password //Aqui você define sua senha.&lt;br /&gt;Router(config-line)#login //Garante que a senha será requerida ao se logar no roteador.&lt;br /&gt;Router(config-line)#exit //Retorna ao modo de configuração global.&lt;br /&gt;Router(config)#line vty 04 //04 siginifica que vamos configurar de uma vez a senha de todas as conexões remotas do roteador.&lt;br /&gt;Router(config-line)#password&lt;br /&gt;Router(config-line)#login //Garante que a senha configurada será requerida ao se logar remotamente no roteador.&lt;br /&gt;Router(config-line)#^Z //Retorna raiz.&lt;br /&gt;Router#copy running-config statup-config //Salva a configuração.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Agora vamos configurar as senhas enable, requeridas ao se passar do modo&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;EXEC usuário&lt;/em&gt;para o modo EXEC privilegiado.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;Router&amp;gt;en&lt;br /&gt;Router#configure terminal&lt;br /&gt;Router(config)#enable password //Aqui você defini sua senha.&lt;br /&gt;Router(config)#enable secret //Aqui você define a senha criptografada que terá precedencia sobre a senha configurada acima.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Pronto, seu roteador já possui todas as senhas configuradas. Agora vamos aumentar ainda mais a segurança de suas senhas não criptografadas. A criptografia usada não é tão complexa como a criptografia utilizada na enable secret, mas já quebra um ganho tremendo no quesito segurança. Para que isso seja feito, insira o seguinte comando:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;Router(config)#service password-encryption&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
É claro que as senhas não são garantia de segurança total do roteador e da rede, mas são uma barreira que aumenta a segurança do equipamento e da rede como um todo. Para efeito de comparação, segue a saída do comando&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Router(config)#service password-encryption.&lt;/em&gt;Note que agora todas as senhas estão criptografadas.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;enable secret 5 $1$mERr$hx5rVt7rPNoS4wqbXKX7m0&lt;br /&gt;enable password 7 0822455D0A16&lt;br /&gt;!&lt;br /&gt;line con 0&lt;br /&gt;password 7 0822455D0A16&lt;br /&gt;login&lt;br /&gt;line vty 0 3&lt;br /&gt;login&lt;br /&gt;line vty 4&lt;br /&gt;password 7 0822455D0A16&lt;br /&gt;login&lt;br /&gt;!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.viavida.com.br/redes/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=1:welcome-to-joomla&amp;amp;catid=1:latest-news&quot;&gt;Viavida&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2014/07/configurando-senhas-em-um-roteador-cisco.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-4035314196544095578</guid><pubDate>Tue, 15 Jul 2014 10:47:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-07-15T07:47:19.825-03:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">CISCO</category><title>CSU/DSU, DTE e DCE</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Droid Sans&#39;, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;DTE – Data Terminal Equipment&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou equipamento de terminação de dados. Como o nome diz é o equipamento onde os dados terminam e onde&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;também&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;podem ser iniciados. Um DTE pode ser um computador, ou um roteador. Geralmente este dispositivo prepara a informação a ser enviada/recebida a linha de comunicação pelo usuário.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Droid Sans&#39;, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;DCE – Data Communications Equipment, Data Circuit-terminating Equipment&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, como o nome o diz é o equipamento responsável por realizar a comunicação dos dados. Isto pode fazer alguma confusão se pensarmos num roteador do outro lado a servir como DCE como muitas das vezes pensamos.&amp;nbsp; Na verdade o DCE serve para realizar algumas tarefas importantes na transmissão de dados entre dois dispositivos como determinar a frequência de clock, a determinação dos erros de transmissão&amp;nbsp; e a codificação, enfim a definição de como se envia e como se recebem os dados. Isso significa que um DCE pode ser um dispositivo ligado directamente ao roteador ou uma interface com estas capacidades.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Droid Sans&#39;, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
A razão porque você precisa de um DCE tem a ver com a mesma razão porque você precisa de um cabo crossover para ligar dois computadores directamente sem necessitar dum comutador. É necessário saber como (e que pinos tratando-se de cabos seriais) se enviam os dados, e o DCE trata disso automaticamente. Por isso é que nos laboratórios Cisco você pode usar um cabo serial padrão V35 para fazer isso:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjibOKqDFsQLAdbmIlmoVVrdwOO_A7apsIIZHUvduh0LuAjhZlaZhVHc7n1gr0wuZZqDiuEbFwH4HpAF0Kxwsgm4l_Ga0-S4x6NpbmYqpTDbrCVDzzkP6XQRcaD3NDvavrDk0g-mfYWo4s/s1600/cab_ss_v35fc.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjibOKqDFsQLAdbmIlmoVVrdwOO_A7apsIIZHUvduh0LuAjhZlaZhVHc7n1gr0wuZZqDiuEbFwH4HpAF0Kxwsgm4l_Ga0-S4x6NpbmYqpTDbrCVDzzkP6XQRcaD3NDvavrDk0g-mfYWo4s/s1600/cab_ss_v35fc.jpg&quot; height=&quot;262&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Droid Sans&#39;, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;&quot;&gt;Mas note que em se tratando de comunicação entre um computador e um modem num caso em que se usa ADSL o computador é o DTE e o modem o DCE, pelas razoes já definidas antes: Alguém precisa de dizer como os dados são transmitidos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Droid Sans&#39;, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Droid Sans&#39;, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;CSU/DSU&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Droid Sans&#39;, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;– Está aí um termo que faz confusão a muita gente. Channel Service Unit / Data Service Unit como o nome sugere é um equipamento que diz ao DTE de um lado e o DCE do outro para se&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Droid Sans&#39;, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;‘casarem’&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Droid Sans&#39;, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Droid Sans&#39;, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPP6_WQ8JFn5Pf6-_0S-pW4axMidM_eKdkoa4gikT6iV2buH1-RXMUpDTDM__-My6NidPseQxx1S1pnJiha-6CPmkQHanut1eARZbM7sG2-0EDX1DFq9keqt4uUlFtkKtjGT-_UPEpbfc/s1600/35675.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPP6_WQ8JFn5Pf6-_0S-pW4axMidM_eKdkoa4gikT6iV2buH1-RXMUpDTDM__-My6NidPseQxx1S1pnJiha-6CPmkQHanut1eARZbM7sG2-0EDX1DFq9keqt4uUlFtkKtjGT-_UPEpbfc/s1600/35675.jpg&quot; height=&quot;197&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Droid Sans&#39;, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;&quot;&gt;Um dado importante é que hoje em dia muitos roteadores vêem equipados com CSU/DSU nas suas interfaces WIC de modo que não mais é necessário usar um separado. De modo que a tarefa de ligar um roteador a um circuito digital tal como a uma hierarquia PDH/E1, ou a um link ponto a ponto ligado a um provedor de serviços, não precisa mais de um CSU/DSU separado do roteador como este da figura acima.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Droid Sans&#39;, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Droid Sans&#39;, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.429em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Fonte: &lt;a href=&quot;http://snnangola.wordpress.com/2010/08/06/o-que-que-sao-csudsu-dte-e-dce/&quot;&gt;snnangola.wordpress.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2014/07/csudsu-dte-e-dce.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjibOKqDFsQLAdbmIlmoVVrdwOO_A7apsIIZHUvduh0LuAjhZlaZhVHc7n1gr0wuZZqDiuEbFwH4HpAF0Kxwsgm4l_Ga0-S4x6NpbmYqpTDbrCVDzzkP6XQRcaD3NDvavrDk0g-mfYWo4s/s72-c/cab_ss_v35fc.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-8804532257934417755</guid><pubDate>Mon, 14 Jul 2014 14:30:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-07-14T11:33:46.411-03:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">CISCO</category><title>Classful x Classless Routing</title><description>&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #cc6600; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.4em;&quot;&gt;Classfull/Classless e ip subnet-zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #cc6600; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.4em;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Métrica&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px;&quot;&gt;refere-se ao número de saltos até a rede destino, e sempre a menor métrica é escolhida (ex: largura de banda, delay/atraso, carga).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Distância administrativa&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px;&quot;&gt;é levado em consideração o custo da rota até a rede destino. E caso o número de saltos “&lt;b&gt;métrica&lt;/b&gt;” seja igual para duas ou mais situações, então aquela rota com o menor custo “&lt;b&gt;distancia administrativa&lt;/b&gt;” será escolhida.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Droid Sans&#39;, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;Classfull&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Não carrega máscara, se baseia nos bits inicio do endereço&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;A 1-126 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;B 128-191 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;C 192-223 110&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;D 224-239 1110&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;E 240-255 11110&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Protocolos (exemplo)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;RIP V1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;IGRP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;Classless&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;A máscara é nescessária para saber quantos bits são de rede/host&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;Suporta VLMS (variable lenght subnet mask) e supernet.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Protocolos (exemplo)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;RIP V2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;EIGRP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;OSPF&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;Redes privadas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;10.0.0.0/8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;172.16.0.0/12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;192.168.0.0/16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;Sabemos que o primeiro endereço de uma range representa a rede e o ultimo o host, porém no meio de uma range pode haver um endereços terminados em zero ou um (255), exemplo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;Na rede 10.0.0.0/8&amp;nbsp;os endereços 10.1.0.0 e 10.1.0.255 podem ser usados, porque os endereços de rede e broadcast são respectivamente 10.0.0.0 e 10.255.255.255&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;Porem alguns sistemas não trabalham bem com esses endereços, então para desabilitar esses endereços basta usar o comando:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;no ip subnet-zero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; width: 341px;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col style=&quot;mso-width-alt: 2011; mso-width-source: userset; width: 41pt;&quot; width=&quot;55&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;
 &lt;col style=&quot;mso-width-alt: 2267; mso-width-source: userset; width: 47pt;&quot; width=&quot;62&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;
 &lt;col style=&quot;mso-width-alt: 3693; mso-width-source: userset; width: 76pt;&quot; width=&quot;101&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;
 &lt;col style=&quot;mso-width-alt: 4498; mso-width-source: userset; width: 92pt;&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;
 &lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr height=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;height: 15pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl65&quot; height=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;height: 15.0pt; width: 41pt;&quot; width=&quot;55&quot;&gt;Feature&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl65&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; width: 47pt;&quot; width=&quot;62&quot;&gt;Classless&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl65&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; width: 76pt;&quot; width=&quot;101&quot;&gt;Supports VLSM&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl65&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; width: 92pt;&quot; width=&quot;123&quot;&gt;Send Subnet Mask&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr height=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;height: 15.0pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl65&quot; height=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;border-top: none; height: 15.0pt;&quot;&gt;RIP-1&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl66&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border-top: none;&quot;&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl66&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border-top: none;&quot;&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl66&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border-top: none;&quot;&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr height=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;height: 15.0pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl65&quot; height=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;border-top: none; height: 15.0pt;&quot;&gt;RIP-2&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl66&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border-top: none;&quot;&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl66&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border-top: none;&quot;&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl66&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border-top: none;&quot;&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr height=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;height: 15.0pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl65&quot; height=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;border-top: none; height: 15.0pt;&quot;&gt;EIGRP&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl66&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border-top: none;&quot;&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl66&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border-top: none;&quot;&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl66&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border-top: none;&quot;&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr height=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;height: 15.0pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl65&quot; height=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;border-top: none; height: 15.0pt;&quot;&gt;OSPF&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl66&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border-top: none;&quot;&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl66&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border-top: none;&quot;&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl66&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border-top: none;&quot;&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr height=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;height: 15.0pt;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl65&quot; height=&quot;20&quot; style=&quot;border-top: none; height: 15.0pt;&quot;&gt;IS-IS&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl66&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border-top: none;&quot;&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl66&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border-top: none;&quot;&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td class=&quot;xl66&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border-top: none;&quot;&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2014/07/classful-x-classless-routing.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-1035193540866785034</guid><pubDate>Mon, 14 Jul 2014 10:27:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-07-14T07:27:06.463-03:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">CISCO</category><title>Linux Ubuntu and Cisco switch link aggregation (load balancing, bonding)</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Link aggregation between Cisco 3750 switch and Ubintu 9.10&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Ubuntu configuration:&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Install ifenslave — Attach and detach slave network devices to a bonding device.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace, Fixed; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px 10px;&quot;&gt;apt-get install  ifenslave&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Edit or create file /etc/modprobe.d/aliases.conf&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace, Fixed; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px 10px;&quot;&gt;alias bond0 bonding
options bonding mode=4 miimon=100&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
where mode 4 – IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation. Creates aggregation groups that share the same speed and&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;duplex settings. Utilizes all slaves in the active aggregator according to the 802.3ad specification.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Edit /etc/network/interfaces.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace, Fixed; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px 10px;&quot;&gt;auto bond0
iface bond0 inet static
        address 192.168.200.5
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        network 192.168.200.0
        broadcast 192.168.200.255
        post-up ifenslave bond0 eth0 eth1
        gateway 192.168.200.1
        dns-nameservers 192.168.200.1
        dns-search example.com&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;UPDATE (02.01.2012):&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Ubuntu 11.10 (oneiric).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;more-201&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
1. &amp;nbsp;Edit or create file /etc/modprobe.d/aliases.conf&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace, Fixed; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px 10px;&quot;&gt;alias netdev-bond0 bonding
options bonding mode=4 miimon=100&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
or&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
2. To run bonding first put module “bonding” in “/etc/modules” :&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace, Fixed; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px 10px;&quot;&gt;# /etc/modules: kernel modules to load at boot time.
#
# This file contains the names of kernel modules that should be loaded
# at boot time, one per line. Lines beginning with &quot;#&quot; are ignored.
loop
lp
rtc
bonding&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
In “/etc/network/interfaces”&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace, Fixed; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px 10px;&quot;&gt;auto bond0
iface bond0 inet static
        slaves eth0 eth1
        bond_mode 4
        bond_miimon 100
        address 192.168.200.5
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        network 192.168.200.0
        broadcast 192.168.200.255
        post-up ifenslave bond0 eth0 eth1&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Cisco configuration ( Gi1/0/1 and Gi1/0/2 will be aggregated ):&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace, Fixed; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px 10px;&quot;&gt;cisco-3750(config)#interface range GigabitEthernet 1/0/1, GigabitEthernet 1/0/2
cisco-3750(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
cisco-3750(config-if-range)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,20
cisco-3750(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk
cisco-3750(config-if-range)#&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;channel-group 1 mode active&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Creating a port-channel interface Port-channel 1&lt;/strong&gt;
cisco-3750(config-if-range)#end
cisco-3750#&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Configuration of interface Port-Channel 1 must be exactly the same as Gi1/0/1 and Gi1/0/2.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace, Fixed; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px 10px;&quot;&gt;cisco-3750#sh ru int Po1
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 159 bytes
!
interface Port-channel1
 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
 switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,20
end&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
If you want to modify configuration of aggregated interfaces, modify&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;only configuration of Port-Channel&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;interface.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;And the last step is to set&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;load-balance&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;algorithm:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace, Fixed; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px 10px;&quot;&gt;cisco-3750(config)#port-channel load-balance src-dst-ip
cisco-3750#sh etherchannel load-balance
EtherChannel Load-Balancing Operational State (src-dst-ip):
Non-IP: Source XOR Destination MAC address
  IPv4: Source XOR Destination IP address
  IPv6: Source XOR Destination IP address

cisco-3750#show etherchannel summary
Flags:  D - down        P - in port-channel
        I - stand-alone s - suspended
        H - Hot-standby (LACP only)
        R - Layer3      S - Layer2
        U - in use      f - failed to allocate aggregator
        u - unsuitable for bundling
        w - waiting to be aggregated
        d - default port

Number of channel-groups in use: 1
Number of aggregators:           1

Group  Port-channel  Protocol    Ports
------+-------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------
1      Po1(SU)         LACP      Gi1/0/1(P)  Gi1/0/2(P)

cisco-3750#
cisco-3750#show etherchannel protocol
                Channel-group listing:
                ----------------------
Group: 1
----------
Protocol:  LACP&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Traffic on Gi1/0/1&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;thickbox&quot; href=&quot;http://blog.webdir.bg/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/gi1.png&quot; style=&quot;color: #3b5998; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;size-full wp-image-233 aligncenter&quot; height=&quot;242&quot; src=&quot;http://blog.webdir.bg/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/gi1.png&quot; style=&quot;border: none; display: block; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;gi1&quot; width=&quot;603&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Traffic on Gi1/0/2&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;thickbox&quot; href=&quot;http://blog.webdir.bg/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/gi2.png&quot; style=&quot;color: #3b5998; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-236&quot; height=&quot;242&quot; src=&quot;http://blog.webdir.bg/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/gi2.png&quot; style=&quot;border: none; display: block; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;gi2&quot; width=&quot;603&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Traffic on Port-Channel1&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;thickbox&quot; href=&quot;http://blog.webdir.bg/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/po.png&quot; style=&quot;color: #3b5998; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-full wp-image-237&quot; height=&quot;242&quot; src=&quot;http://blog.webdir.bg/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/po.png&quot; style=&quot;border: none; display: block; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;po&quot; width=&quot;603&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.webdir.bg/ubuntu-linux-and-cisco-switch-link-aggregation-load-balancing-bonding/&quot;&gt;blog.webdir.bg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2014/07/linux-ubuntu-and-cisco-switch-link.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-7929255137529066871</guid><pubDate>Mon, 14 Jul 2014 10:24:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-07-14T07:24:04.094-03:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">CISCO</category><title>Enabling multicast routing on Cisco ME-3400G </title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
First we need to allow multicast routing:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace, Fixed; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px 10px;&quot;&gt;ip multicast-routing distributed&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
In our example we have two vlans:&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;VLAN 3000 – clients that will receive multicast traffic&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;VLAN 4000 – in this VLAN are sources of multicast traffic&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;enter the following commands:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace, Fixed; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px 10px;&quot;&gt;ip igmp snooping querier
ip igmp snooping vlan 3000 mrouter learn cgmp
ip igmp snooping vlan 4000 mrouter learn cgmp&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;more-405&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;According Cisco’s official documentation: “A querier is a network device that sends query messages to discover which network devices are members of a given multicast group.”&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;The next two lines configure VLAN 3000 and VLAN 4000 as multicast router port (static connection to a multicast router) and to learn sooping from CGMP (Cisco Group Management Protocol) self-join packets.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;Configuration of VLAN interfaces 3000 and 4000&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace, Fixed; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px 10px;&quot;&gt;interface Vlan3000
 description multicast_client
 ip address 172.20.20.1 255.255.255.0
 ip pim dense-mode
!
interface Vlan4000
 description source_multicast
 ip address 150.158.231.111 255.255.0.0
 ip pim dense-mode
!&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
You can read this article about&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.netcraftsmen.net/resources/archived-articles/376-pim-dense-mode.html&quot; style=&quot;color: #3b5998; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;pim dense-mode&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot; /&gt;To view IGMP grops:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace, Fixed; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px 10px;&quot;&gt;sh ip igmp groups
226.168.20.44    Vlan3000                 5d04h     00:02:38  172.20.20.6
226.168.20.45    Vlan3000                 2d03h     00:02:35  172.20.20.6
226.168.20.46    Vlan3000                 1d14h     00:02:34  172.20.20.6
226.168.20.47    Vlan3000                 2d11h     00:02:41  172.20.20.6
226.168.20.49    Vlan3000                 00:58:13  00:02:38  172.20.20.9
226.168.20.48    Vlan3000                 1d14h     00:02:40  172.20.20.6
226.168.20.51    Vlan3000                 00:58:13  00:02:39  172.20.20.9
226.168.20.50    Vlan3000                 00:58:13  00:02:40  172.20.20.9
226.168.20.53    Vlan3000                 00:58:13  00:02:33  172.20.20.9
226.168.20.52    Vlan3000                 00:58:13  00:02:39  172.20.20.9
226.168.20.55    Vlan3000                 1d14h     00:02:41  172.20.20.6
226.168.20.54    Vlan3000                 00:58:13  00:02:35  172.20.20.9
226.168.20.57    Vlan3000                 1d14h     00:02:36  172.20.20.6&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
To view membership&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace, Fixed; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px 10px;&quot;&gt;multicast#sh ip igmp membership all
Flags: A  - aggregate, T - tracked
       L  - Local, S - static, V - virtual, R - Reported through v3
       I - v3lite, U - Urd, M - SSM (S,G) channel
       1,2,3 - The version of IGMP, the group is in
Channel/Group-Flags:
       / - Filtering entry (Exclude mode (S,G), Include mode (G))
Reporter:
        - last reporter if group is not explicitly tracked
       /      -  reporter in include mode,  reporter in exclude
 *,226.168.20.27                172.20.20.6     1d14h    02:37 2A     Vl3000
 *,226.168.20.26                172.20.20.6     1d14h    02:30 2A     Vl3000
 *,226.168.20.37                172.20.20.6     1d14h    02:32 2A     Vl3000
 *,226.168.20.40                172.20.20.6     2d03h    02:28 2A     Vl3000
 *,226.168.20.41                172.20.20.6     2d03h    02:31 2A     Vl3000
 *,226.168.20.43                172.20.20.6     1d14h    02:30 2A     Vl3000
 *,226.168.20.44                172.20.20.6     5d04h    02:34 2A     Vl3000
 *,226.168.20.45                172.20.20.6     2d03h    02:28 2A     Vl3000
 *,226.168.20.46                172.20.20.6     1d14h    02:34 2A     Vl3000
 *,226.168.20.47                172.20.20.6     2d11h    02:32 2A     Vl3000
 *,226.168.20.49                172.20.20.9     01:00:18 02:28 2A     Vl3000
 *,226.168.20.48                172.20.20.6     1d14h    02:33 2A     Vl3000
 *,226.168.20.51                172.20.20.9     01:00:18 02:29 2A     Vl3000
 *,226.168.20.50                172.20.20.9     01:00:18 02:35 2A     Vl3000
 *,226.168.20.53                172.20.20.9     01:00:18 02:31 2A     Vl3000&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
To view snooping groups&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace, Fixed; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px 10px;&quot;&gt;multicast#sh ip igmp snooping groups
Vlan      Group                    Type        Version     Port List
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
3000      226.168.1.1              igmp                    Gi0/6
3000      226.168.1.2              igmp                    Gi0/4
3000      226.168.1.3              igmp                    Gi0/4
3000      226.168.1.4              igmp                    Gi0/4
3000      226.168.1.6              igmp                    Gi0/6
3000      226.168.1.7              igmp                    Gi0/6
3000      226.168.1.9              igmp                    Gi0/6
3000      226.168.1.10             igmp                    Gi0/4
3000      226.168.1.12             igmp                    Gi0/4
3000      226.168.1.13             igmp                    Gi0/4
3000      226.168.1.14             igmp                    Gi0/4
3000      226.168.1.15             igmp                    Gi0/4
3000      226.168.1.16             igmp                    Gi0/4
3000      226.168.1.17             igmp                    Gi0/4
3000      226.168.1.18             igmp                    Gi0/4
3000      226.168.1.19             igmp                    Gi0/4
3000      226.168.1.22             igmp                    Gi0/6
3000      226.168.1.23             igmp                    Gi0/4
3000      226.168.1.24             igmp                    Gi0/4
3000      226.168.1.26             igmp                    Gi0/6
3000      226.168.1.28             igmp                    Gi0/6
3000      226.168.1.30             igmp                    Gi0/4&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.webdir.bg/cisco-me-3400g-multicast-routing/&quot;&gt;blog.webdir.bg&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2014/07/enabling-multicast-routing-on-cisco-me.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-8238569950465781945</guid><pubDate>Mon, 14 Jul 2014 10:19:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-07-14T07:19:04.368-03:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">CISCO</category><title>Understanding Cisco ME3400 UNI/NNI Port Types</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Cisco ME 3400 series switches are designed to meet the needs of Metro service providers. Introduce brand new concept and features to make the product easier to manage, deploy, and troubleshoot. One of new features is the new concept of UNI/NNI Port Types.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 12px !important; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -12px !important;&quot;&gt;UNI – User Network Interface&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 12px !important; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -12px !important;&quot;&gt;NNI – Network Node Interface&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Based on the port type, certain features/behaviors are enabled or disabled to ease configuration, deployment, and troubleshooting.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
UNI ports will not do local switching by default,&amp;nbsp; for example no local switching on UNI protects customers from each other ( host A dosn’t see host B ), and Control Plane Security&amp;nbsp; (CPS) is enabled, CPS protects against DoS attacks.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
By default UNI ports:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 12px !important; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -12px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;not switching local traffic&lt;/strong&gt;, for example no local switching on UNI protects customers from each other ( host A dosn’t see host B ).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 12px !important; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -12px !important;&quot;&gt;Control Plane Security&amp;nbsp; (CPS) is enabled, CPS protects against DoS attacks.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 12px !important; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -12px !important;&quot;&gt;using multiple UNI ports on the same ME 3400, up to 8 UNI ports&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;can be configured to do local switching.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
NNI ports:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 12px !important; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -12px !important;&quot;&gt;For ME 3400-24TS, by default, the 2 SFP ports are NNI port-type&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 12px !important; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -12px !important;&quot;&gt;For ME 3400G-12CS and ME 3400G-2CS, by default, the SFP-only ports are NNI port-type&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;list-style-position: inside; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 12px !important; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -12px !important;&quot;&gt;There can be a maximum of&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;4 ports defined as NNI ports&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(applicable to ME 3400-24TS and ME 3400G-12CS, all 4 ports can be configured as NNI on ME 3400G-2CS)&lt;span id=&quot;more-255&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;NOTE&lt;/strong&gt;: In 12.2(25)SEG and later releases—Metro IP Access Image, all ports can be optionally configured as NNI (&lt;strong style=&quot;margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;not limited to 4&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8Ir1InTwdf0DV5wemDUzG-W55jyoWZzad-V7osCMV1cZGiOD_ikZn8QrRPymzbFAWZV-Ht1VXxrXURsTWO1w1dPZu-u25_KZVTZxbcHIAROd88tQ8oaZlNfmayi6u3YK6PO5plfiCM6I/s1600/me3400.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8Ir1InTwdf0DV5wemDUzG-W55jyoWZzad-V7osCMV1cZGiOD_ikZn8QrRPymzbFAWZV-Ht1VXxrXURsTWO1w1dPZu-u25_KZVTZxbcHIAROd88tQ8oaZlNfmayi6u3YK6PO5plfiCM6I/s1600/me3400.png&quot; height=&quot;76&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
To configure port type:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace, Fixed; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px 10px;&quot;&gt;me3400#conf t
me3400(config)#int gi0/10
me3400(config-if)#port-type ?
  nni  Set port-type to NNI
  uni  Set port-type to UNI&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;wp1&quot; style=&quot;color: #3b5998; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
Configuring UNI ports to do local switching (forwarding traffic between UNI ports)&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Port Fa0/3 and Fa0/4 on Cisco me3400 are UNI ports, belongs to VLAN 10, and Fa0/3 is not forwarding traffic to Fa0/4, and vice versa, but we wand to do local switching between them. Interface Fa0/1 is NNI. Configuration:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace, Fixed; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px 10px;&quot;&gt;me3400(config)#vlan 10
me3400(config-vlan)#uni-vlan community&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Configuration of ports:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace, Fixed; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px 10px;&quot;&gt;interface FastEthernet0/3
 switchport trunk allowed vlan 10
 switchport mode trunk
!
interface FastEthernet0/4
 switchport access vlan 10
!&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
View VLAN configuration:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;pre style=&quot;background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace, Fixed; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px 10px;&quot;&gt;me3400-test#sh vlan

VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1    default                          active    Fa0/2, Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7
                                                Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11
                                                Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15
                                                Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19
                                                Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23
                                                Fa0/24, Gi0/1, Gi0/2
10   test1                           active    Fa0/4
20   test                             active
1002 fddi-default                     act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default               act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default                  act/unsup
1005 trnet-default                    act/unsup

VLAN Type  SAID       MTU   Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp  BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1    enet  100001     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0
10   enet  100010     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0
20   enet  100020     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0
1002 fddi  101002     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0
1003 tr    101003     1500  -      -      -        -    -        0      0
1004 fdnet 101004     1500  -      -      -        ieee -        0      0
1005 trnet 101005     1500  -      -      -        ibm  -        0      0

Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Primary Secondary Type              Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

VLAN Type              Ports
---- ----------------- -------------------------------------------------------
10   UNI community     Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/4&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, &#39;BitStream vera Sans&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.webdir.bg/cisco-me3400-uni-nni-port-types/&quot;&gt;blog.webdir.bg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2014/07/understanding-cisco-me3400-uninni-port.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8Ir1InTwdf0DV5wemDUzG-W55jyoWZzad-V7osCMV1cZGiOD_ikZn8QrRPymzbFAWZV-Ht1VXxrXURsTWO1w1dPZu-u25_KZVTZxbcHIAROd88tQ8oaZlNfmayi6u3YK6PO5plfiCM6I/s72-c/me3400.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-3072335165316750429</guid><pubDate>Tue, 08 Jul 2014 13:51:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-07-08T10:51:20.780-03:00</atom:updated><title>Norse IPViking – Ataques em tempo real</title><description>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.100security.com.br/norse-ipviking-ataques-em-tempo-real/&quot;&gt;Norse IPViking – Ataques em tempo real&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2014/07/norse-ipviking-ataques-em-tempo-real.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-6105975350185927969</guid><pubDate>Thu, 03 Jul 2014 10:49:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-07-03T07:49:34.155-03:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Segurança</category><title>Fraude em Boletos Bancários</title><description>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot;&gt;Prezados usuários, fiquem atentos as orientações passadas abaixo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot;&gt;A RSA publicou um&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogs.rsa.com/rsa-uncovers-boleto-fraud-ring-brazil/&quot; style=&quot;color: #993322; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;relatório&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;em que analisa um tipo de malware específico do Brasil: o malware de boleto (veja também reportagem sobre isto na&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mercado/2014/07/1479569-gangue-do-boleto-infectou-192-mil-computadores-detectam-fbi-e-pf.shtml&quot; style=&quot;color: #993322; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Folha de São Paulo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot;&gt;,&amp;nbsp;no&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/03/technology/cybercrime-scheme-aims-at-payments-in-brazil.html&quot; style=&quot;color: #993322; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The New York Times&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e no&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://krebsonsecurity.com/2014/07/brazilian-boleto-bandits-bilk-billions/&quot; style=&quot;color: #993322; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;blog do Brian Krebs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot;&gt;). Este estudo foi baseado em uma família de malware analisada pelos especialistas da RSA e encontrou algumas coisas interessantes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Foram identificados quase&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;496 mil transações com boletos&lt;/b&gt;, com data de pagamento nos últimos dois anos,&amp;nbsp;segundo os dados obtidos nos servidores da quadrilha;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Estas transações correspondem, na verdade, a cerca de&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;8 mil boletos únicos&lt;/b&gt;, uma vez que a maioria deles foi paga diversas vezes;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;O valor potencial da fraude, baseado nos boletos identificados, corresponde a cerca de&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;R$ 8,57 bilhões&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;(obviamente, nem todos os boletos foram processados pelos bancos);&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Cerca de&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;192 mil computadores&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;foram infectados (estimativa baseada nos endereços IPs identificados)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;O esquema de fraude envolve boletos de pelo menos&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;34 instituições bancárias&lt;/b&gt;, incluindo os maiores bancos brasileiros.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot;&gt;Mas a verdade é que esse tipo de malware não deveria ser novidade para ninguém. O portal&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.linhadefensiva.org/2013/04/virus-altera-boletos-na-web-e-pagamento-cai-em-conta-indevida/&quot; style=&quot;color: #993322; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Linha Defensiva&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e o&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.kaspersky.com.br/sas-2014-o-golpe-do-boleto-no-brasil/&quot; style=&quot;color: #993322; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Fabio Assolini&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot;&gt;, da Kaspersky, já abordaram esse tipo de golpe desde o ano passado (incluindo através de uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://brazil.kaspersky.com/sobre-a-kaspersky/centro-de-imprensa/blog-da-kaspersky/extensoes-maliciosas-boleto&quot; style=&quot;color: #993322; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;extensão maliciosa do Chrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://brazil.kaspersky.com/sobre-a-kaspersky/centro-de-imprensa/blog-da-kaspersky/o-golpe-do-boleto-vencido&quot; style=&quot;color: #993322; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sites que prometem gerar uma segunda via de boletos vencidos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjraxCIHu4THH_OIyDmBoeUKKo7yhby5DMCeQ4jrV3oGyn1KfYd8PoCEynPVlIZNw8KmTeFM_tV65XHn4bt2FZkQxGWKks29_n87Or1bLajLngvKvWL_8xOUKfq8uDeMzYPjtbLGd2oqrk/s1600/BoletoBancario.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; color: #993322; float: left; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;118&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjraxCIHu4THH_OIyDmBoeUKKo7yhby5DMCeQ4jrV3oGyn1KfYd8PoCEynPVlIZNw8KmTeFM_tV65XHn4bt2FZkQxGWKks29_n87Or1bLajLngvKvWL_8xOUKfq8uDeMzYPjtbLGd2oqrk/s1600/BoletoBancario.png&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498039) 1px 1px 5px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498039) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 8px; position: relative;&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot;&gt;A fraude de boleto é um crime típico do cenário brasileiro, que não existe em nenhum lugar do mundo. Isso porque os boletos de pagamento são algo específicos do nosso sistema financeiro. em poucas palavras, na fraude de boleto o ciber criminoso paga boletos &quot;seus&quot; (em sua posse) utilizando as contas correntes de suas vítimas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot;&gt;O ciber criminoso mantém uma base de boletos a serem pagos de forma fraudulenta, que podem ser boletos criados a partir de contas correntes de laranjas, ou podem ser boletos válidos (boletos enviados para consumidores finais que, na impossibilidade de pagar o total da conta, ele/ela recorre a criminosos que cobram apenas uma porcentagem do valor do boleto, e em troca o fraudador paga o valor total utilizando a conta corrente de uma vítima). A fraude com boleto válido faz com que o ciber criminoso receba o dinheiro de forma rápida e fácil, além de dificultar o rastreio da fraude: o banco consegue identificar o dono do boleto pago fraudulentamente, mas não consegue identificar o ciber criminoso.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot;&gt;Os ciber criminosos tem várias formas específicas para forçar o usuário final a pagar um boleto fraudulento:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sites falsos de reemissão de boletos:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;são sites criados por ciber criminosos que prometem a revalidação de um boleto vencido. Ao fornecer os dados de seu boleto, a vítima recebe um novo código de boleto, mas que na verdade direciona o pagamento utilizando o código do boleto do fraudador;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Envio de boletos falsos por correio:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Os criminosos podem interceptar a correspondência da vítima e substituir o boleto. Assim, a vítima recebe sua conta&amp;nbsp;impressa&amp;nbsp;em sua casa, mas na verdade esta conta já está com os dados de pagamento adulterados;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Malware de Boleto:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Ele infecta o computador da vítima pode alterar os dados do boleto de três formas:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.4; list-style: disc; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;No pagamento de um boleto no Internet Banking:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;o trojan troca as informações do boleto (a linha digitável) no momento em que a vítima digita os dados no formulário de pagamento. O Browser do usuário já envia para o banco os dados do boleto fraudulento;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Na emissão online de boletos&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;(ao pedir uma segunda via ou escolher fazer um pagamento com boleto): o trojan identifica uma página com dados de boleto e troca as informações pelos dados do boleto fraudulento. Eles alteram o valor da linha digitável e inserem espaços no código de barras para inutilizá-lo (assim a vítima é obrigada a digitar os dados do boleto, que já estão trocados);&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Infectando as empresas que emitem boletos:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;ao infectar o compitador de uma empresa, o trojan pode fazer com que ela gere, erroneamente, boletos com os dados de pagamento já redirecionados para a conta do fraudador. O cliente já recebe em sua casa o boleto adulterado :(&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot;&gt;O Malware de Boleto comunica-se com o servidor central do ciber criminoso para buscar as informações do boleto que o fraudador quer pagar. Normalmente o malware mantém o valor original da conta, para que a vítima não perceba que pagou um boleto fraudulento e troca apenas o trecho da linha digitável que identifica o cedente, isto é, o destino do pagamento (afinal das contas, quem tem paciência para ficar conferindo a linha digitável dos boletos?). Mas, mesmo que a vítima quisesse comparar a linha digitável, o Malware altera a página de resposta do Internet Banking para que o usuário não perceba a alteração dos dados de pagamento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mercado/2014/07/1479569-gangue-do-boleto-infectou-192-mil-computadores-detectam-fbi-e-pf.shtml&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;color: #993322; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguNKqnmwCuVF1UqEMDgbhowcH5kkdSUv5VyMobP10uTzCBLnUUTty-vZRb91HwghiwmvI-h-h2LkNRCGmdIZ_DBgbO4RUBzuYNfivchJc-THNmXNe0rCPcv6uf_40MdvfJzcMrHw_nFFg/s1600/14182781.jpeg&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498039) 1px 1px 5px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.498039) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 8px; position: relative;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot;&gt;A fraude de boletos representa um dos métodos de roubo de fundos mais populares entre os ciber criminosos brasileiros atualmente, apesar da Febraban&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mercado/2014/07/1479569-gangue-do-boleto-infectou-192-mil-computadores-detectam-fbi-e-pf.shtml&quot; style=&quot;color: #993322; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;informar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;que os boletos representaram apenas 4,5% do volume de pagamentos e 3% do total de fraudes, em 2013.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot;&gt;Os ciber criminosos adotam mecanismos de fraude populares em um determinado país ou região em que atuam, de acordo com as características dos sistemas de meios de pagamento locais. Há vários métodos para transferir dinheiro a partir da conta corrente de uma vítima, além de uma simples transferência bancária (que pode ser facilmente rastreada). Em alguns países, é comum utilizar compra e venda de ações para transferir os fundos. Aqui no Brasil, os ciber criminosos se especializaram em explorar pagamentos de contas e de impostos, através dos boletos bancários, além de realizar compras online (em lojas de e-commerce) ou compra de créditos pré-pagos para celulares.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20.285999298095703px;&quot;&gt;O que fazer para evitar a fraude de boleto? É muito difícil, mas em alguns casos não é impossível... as dicas abaixo podem ajudar um pouco:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.4; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Antes de mais nada, evite ser infectado por malwares!&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;E sempre utilize um computador confiável para acessar o Internet Banking;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Como a fraude envolve a troca dos dados do boleto, sempre verifique se você está pagando o boleto correto. Não tenha preguiça e compare o código apresentado;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Para saber se o seu computador está infectado pelo malware de boleto, um teste simples é digitar a linha de um boleto na tela de busca do Google; algumas versões do malware, que atuam no browser, já trocam a linha mesmo nesta tela, e aí você verá que o autocompletar vai mostrar um valor diferente do que você digitou!&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Como os criminosos alteram os dados do boleto para enganar a vítima, para conferir um boleto que você recebeu via correio ou que gerou online, a melhor forma é conferir o código inicial do boleto que está sendo pago:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.4; list-style: disc; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;os 4 primeiros dígitos identificam o banco; fique de olho se corresponde ao banco que normalmente emite aquela conta que você está acostumado a pagar;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;a primeira metade do código do boleto identifica o banco e o cedente, ou seja, é um código que identifica a empresa que emitiu aquela conta (que é um cliente daquele banco). Normalmente essa parte do código tem que ser idêntica as contas semelhantes que você pagou no passado. Confira isso ! (ex: se você paga seu aluguel via boleto, o código inicial identifica o banco e sua imobiliária, que todo mês é o mesmo).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.600000381469727px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px; line-height: 19.600000381469727px;&quot;&gt;Fonte: &lt;a href=&quot;http://anchisesbr.blogspot.com.br/2014/07/seguranca-malware-de-boleto.html&quot;&gt;Blog&amp;nbsp;anchisesbr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2014/07/fraude-em-boletos-bancarios.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjraxCIHu4THH_OIyDmBoeUKKo7yhby5DMCeQ4jrV3oGyn1KfYd8PoCEynPVlIZNw8KmTeFM_tV65XHn4bt2FZkQxGWKks29_n87Or1bLajLngvKvWL_8xOUKfq8uDeMzYPjtbLGd2oqrk/s72-c/BoletoBancario.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-5638235610839937407</guid><pubDate>Thu, 03 Jul 2014 10:45:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-07-03T07:45:06.841-03:00</atom:updated><title>[Segurança] Malware de Boleto</title><description>&lt;a href=&quot;http://anchisesbr.blogspot.com/2014/07/seguranca-malware-de-boleto.html?spref=bl&quot;&gt;AnchisesLandia- Brazilian Security Blogger: [Segurança] Malware de Boleto&lt;/a&gt;: A RSA publicou um relatório  em que analisa um tipo de malware específico do Brasil: o malware de boleto (veja também reportagem sobre isto ...</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2014/07/seguranca-malware-de-boleto.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7302050776009700026.post-4422680538115609432</guid><pubDate>Wed, 25 Jun 2014 16:45:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-06-25T13:45:49.182-03:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Segurança</category><title>AnchisesLandia- Brazilian Security Blogger: [Segurança] Quando sua nuvem evapora...</title><description>&lt;a href=&quot;http://anchisesbr.blogspot.com/2014/06/seguranca-quando-sua-nuvem-evapora.html?spref=bl&quot;&gt;AnchisesLandia- Brazilian Security Blogger: [Segurança] Quando sua nuvem evapora...&lt;/a&gt;: Essa é uma história triste: Após uma série de ataques e uma tentativa de extorsão, o site Code Spaces  perdeu todos os seus dados na nuvem e...</description><link>http://marcosabadi.blogspot.com/2014/06/anchiseslandia-brazilian-security.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Marcos Abadi)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item></channel></rss>