    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en-GB" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# article: http://ogp.me/ns/article#">
    <head itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebSite">
	    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11">
    <title>Mark Stothard MA ARPS</title>
<meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' />
	<style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>
	<!-- Jetpack Site Verification Tags -->
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="KGe9pyquYK5LwTUrgUSiqhuGYpx847AP_AoKX6UTtHk" />
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' />
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' />
<link rel='preconnect' href='//c0.wp.com' />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Mark Stothard MA ARPS &raquo; Feed" href="https://markstothard.com/feed/" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Mark Stothard MA ARPS &raquo; Comments Feed" href="https://markstothard.com/comments/feed/" />
<script type="text/javascript">
/* <![CDATA[ */
window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/16.0.1\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/16.0.1\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/markstothard.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.8.2"}};
/*! This file is auto-generated */
!function(s,n){var o,i,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),a=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===a[t]})}function u(e,t){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);for(var n=e.getImageData(16,16,1,1),a=0;a<n.data.length;a++)if(0!==n.data[a])return!1;return!0}function f(e,t,n,a){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf6","\ud83c\udde8\u200b\ud83c\uddf6")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!a(e,"\ud83e\udedf")}return!1}function g(e,t,n,a){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):s.createElement("canvas"),o=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),i=(o.textBaseline="top",o.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){i[e]=t(o,e,n,a)}),i}function t(e){var t=s.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,s.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",i=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){s.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+g.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(i),f.toString(),p.toString(),u.toString()].join(",")+"));",a=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),r=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(a),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(r.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),r.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=g(i,f,p,u))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings);
/* ]]> */
</script>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='asi-css-css' href='https://markstothard.com/wp-content/plugins/audio-story-images/css/asi.css?ver=1.0.1' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='asi-icons-css' href='https://markstothard.com/wp-content/plugins/audio-story-images/css/icons.css?ver=1.0.1' type='text/css' media='all' />
<style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>

	img.wp-smiley, img.emoji {
		display: inline !important;
		border: none !important;
		box-shadow: none !important;
		height: 1em !important;
		width: 1em !important;
		margin: 0 0.07em !important;
		vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
		background: none !important;
		padding: 0 !important;
	}
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.8.2/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' />
<style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css' type='text/css'>
.wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:#ffffffa6}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-right){border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-center){border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote:where(.is-style-plain){border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em}
</style>
<style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>
/*! This file is auto-generated */
.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.8.2/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.8.2/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' />
<style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css' type='text/css'>
.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em}
</style>
<style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>
:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}
:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}
:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}
:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='owl-carousel-css' href='https://markstothard.com/wp-content/themes/vilva-pro/css/owl.carousel.min.css?ver=2.3.4' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='animate-css' href='https://markstothard.com/wp-content/themes/vilva-pro/css/animate.min.css?ver=3.5.2' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='perfect-scrollbar-css' href='https://markstothard.com/wp-content/themes/vilva-pro/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?ver=1.3.0' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='vilva-pro-google-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Nunito+Sans%3A200%2C300%2Cregular%2C500%2C600%2C700%2C800%2C900%2C200italic%2C300italic%2Citalic%2C500italic%2C600italic%2C700italic%2C800italic%2C900italic%7CNunito+Sans%3A800%7CNunito+Sans%3Aregular' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='vilva-pro-css' href='https://markstothard.com/wp-content/themes/vilva-pro/style.css?ver=2.3.4' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='vilva-pro-gutenberg-css' href='https://markstothard.com/wp-content/themes/vilva-pro/css/gutenberg.min.css?ver=2.3.4' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='tiled-gallery-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/p/jetpack/15.0.2/modules/tiled-gallery/tiled-gallery/tiled-gallery.css' type='text/css' media='all' />
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.8.2/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js" id="jquery-core-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.8.2/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://markstothard.com/wp-content/plugins/audio-story-images/js/imagesLoaded.js?ver=1.0.1" id="imagesLoaded-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://markstothard.com/wp-content/plugins/audio-story-images/js/asi-core.js?ver=1.0.1" id="asi-core-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://markstothard.com/wp-content/plugins/audio-story-images/js/asi-run.js?ver=1.0.1" id="asi-run-js"></script>
<link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://markstothard.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://markstothard.com/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/7556" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://markstothard.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />
<meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.8.2" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://markstothard.com/" />
<link rel='shortlink' href='https://markstothard.com/' />
<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://markstothard.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmarkstothard.com%2F" />
<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://markstothard.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmarkstothard.com%2F&#038;format=xml" />
	<style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style>
		<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://markstothard.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/cropped-M_Circle_Darkmode-Off-Bold.png" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://markstothard.com/" />
<meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Mark Stothard MA ARPS" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-11-22T09:31:19+00:00" />
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2025-08-22T13:19:28+01:00" />
<meta property="article:author" content="https://markstothard.com/author/markstothard/" />
<link rel="icon" href="https://markstothard.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/cropped-M_Circle_Darkmode-Off-Bold-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" />
<link rel="icon" href="https://markstothard.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/cropped-M_Circle_Darkmode-Off-Bold-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://markstothard.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/cropped-M_Circle_Darkmode-Off-Bold-180x180.png" />
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://markstothard.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/cropped-M_Circle_Darkmode-Off-Bold-270x270.png" />
<style type='text/css' media='all'>     
    .content-newsletter .blossomthemes-email-newsletter-wrapper.bg-img:after,
    .widget_blossomthemes_email_newsletter_widget .blossomthemes-email-newsletter-wrapper:after{
        background: rgba(144, 186, 181, 0.8);    }
    
    /*Typography*/

    body,
    button,
    input,
    select,
    optgroup,
    textarea{
        font-family : Nunito Sans;
        font-size   : 18px;        
    }
    
    
    :root {
	    --primary-font: Nunito Sans;
	    --secondary-font: Nunito Sans;
	    --primary-color: #90BAB5;
	    --primary-color-rgb: 144, 186, 181;
	}
    
    .site-branding .site-title-wrap .site-title{
        font-size   : 30px;
        font-family : Nunito Sans;
        font-weight : 800;
        font-style  : normal;
    }
    
    .site-branding .site-title-wrap .site-title a{
		color: #121212;
	}
    
    .custom-logo-link img{
	    width: 80px;
	    max-width: 100%;
	}

    /*Typography*/
        
    #primary .post .entry-content h1,
    #primary .page .entry-content h1{
        font-family: Nunito Sans;
        font-size: 49px;        
    }
    
    #primary .post .entry-content h2,
    #primary .page .entry-content h2{
        font-family: Nunito Sans;
        font-size: 39px;
    }
    
    #primary .post .entry-content h3,
    #primary .page .entry-content h3{
        font-family: Nunito Sans;
        font-size: 31px;
    }
    
    #primary .post .entry-content h4,
    #primary .page .entry-content h4{
        font-family: Nunito Sans;
        font-size: 25px;
    }
    
    #primary .post .entry-content h5,
    #primary .page .entry-content h5{
        font-family: Nunito Sans;
        font-size: 20px;
    }
    
    #primary .post .entry-content h6,
    #primary .page .entry-content h6{
        font-family: Nunito Sans;
        font-size: 16px;
    }

    .comment-body .reply .comment-reply-link:hover:before {
		background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml; utf-8, <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="15" viewBox="0 0 18 15"><path d="M934,147.2a11.941,11.941,0,0,1,7.5,3.7,16.063,16.063,0,0,1,3.5,7.3c-2.4-3.4-6.1-5.1-11-5.1v4.1l-7-7,7-7Z" transform="translate(-927 -143.2)" fill="%2390BAB5"/></svg>');
	}

	.site-header.style-five .header-mid .search-form .search-submit:hover {
		background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml; utf-8, <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="%2390BAB5" d="M508.5 468.9L387.1 347.5c-2.3-2.3-5.3-3.5-8.5-3.5h-13.2c31.5-36.5 50.6-84 50.6-136C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c52 0 99.5-19.1 136-50.6v13.2c0 3.2 1.3 6.2 3.5 8.5l121.4 121.4c4.7 4.7 12.3 4.7 17 0l22.6-22.6c4.7-4.7 4.7-12.3 0-17zM208 368c-88.4 0-160-71.6-160-160S119.6 48 208 48s160 71.6 160 160-71.6 160-160 160z"></path></svg>');
	}

	.site-header.style-seven .header-bottom .search-form .search-submit:hover {
		background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml; utf-8, <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="%2390BAB5" d="M508.5 468.9L387.1 347.5c-2.3-2.3-5.3-3.5-8.5-3.5h-13.2c31.5-36.5 50.6-84 50.6-136C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c52 0 99.5-19.1 136-50.6v13.2c0 3.2 1.3 6.2 3.5 8.5l121.4 121.4c4.7 4.7 12.3 4.7 17 0l22.6-22.6c4.7-4.7 4.7-12.3 0-17zM208 368c-88.4 0-160-71.6-160-160S119.6 48 208 48s160 71.6 160 160-71.6 160-160 160z"></path></svg>');
	}

	.site-header.style-fourteen .search-form .search-submit:hover {
		background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml; utf-8, <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="%2390BAB5" d="M508.5 468.9L387.1 347.5c-2.3-2.3-5.3-3.5-8.5-3.5h-13.2c31.5-36.5 50.6-84 50.6-136C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c52 0 99.5-19.1 136-50.6v13.2c0 3.2 1.3 6.2 3.5 8.5l121.4 121.4c4.7 4.7 12.3 4.7 17 0l22.6-22.6c4.7-4.7 4.7-12.3 0-17zM208 368c-88.4 0-160-71.6-160-160S119.6 48 208 48s160 71.6 160 160-71.6 160-160 160z"></path></svg>');
	}

	.search-results .content-area > .page-header .search-submit:hover {
		background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml; utf-8, <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="%2390BAB5" d="M508.5 468.9L387.1 347.5c-2.3-2.3-5.3-3.5-8.5-3.5h-13.2c31.5-36.5 50.6-84 50.6-136C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c52 0 99.5-19.1 136-50.6v13.2c0 3.2 1.3 6.2 3.5 8.5l121.4 121.4c4.7 4.7 12.3 4.7 17 0l22.6-22.6c4.7-4.7 4.7-12.3 0-17zM208 368c-88.4 0-160-71.6-160-160S119.6 48 208 48s160 71.6 160 160-71.6 160-160 160z"></path></svg>');
	}

    .sticky-t-bar .sticky-bar-content {
        background: #333333;
        color: #ffffff;
    }

       
        
   </style>		<style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css">
			.site-footer .social-networks { visibility: hidden; }		</style>
		</head>

<body class="home wp-singular page-template-default page page-id-7556 wp-embed-responsive wp-theme-vilva-pro vilva-pro-has-blocks full-width" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage">

    <div id="page" class="site">
        <a class="skip-link" href="#content">Skip to Content</a>
    <header id="masthead" class="site-header style-eight" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPHeader">

	<div class="header-bottom">
		<div class="container">
			        <div class="site-branding" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">  
            <div class="site-logo">
                            </div>

            <div class="site-title-wrap">                    <h1 class="site-title" itemprop="name"><a href="https://markstothard.com/" rel="home" itemprop="url">Mark Stothard MA ARPS</a></h1>
                    </div>        </div>    
    	<nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement">
                    <button class="toggle-btn">
                <span class="toggle-bar"></span>
                <span class="toggle-bar"></span>
                <span class="toggle-bar"></span>
            </button>

    	<div class="menu-main-menu-container"><ul id="primary-menu" class="nav-menu"><li id="menu-item-7647" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7647"><a href="https://markstothard.com/blog/">Ongoing</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-7913" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7913"><a target="_blank" href="https://markstothard.info">About</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-7690" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7690"><a href="https://markstothard.com/biography/">Biography</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-7821" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7821"><a href="https://shop.markstothard.com/product-category/publications/">Publications</a></li>
</ul></div>	</nav><!-- #site-navigation -->
    
			<div class="right">
				<div class="header-social">
									</div><!-- .header-social -->

				        <div class="header-search">
                            
            <button class="search-toggle">
                <i class="fas fa-search"></i>
            </button>
            <div class="header-search-wrap">
                <button class="close"></button>
            <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://markstothard.com/">
                    <label>
                        <span class="screen-reader-text">Looking for Something?
                        </span>
                        <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Type &amp; Hit Enter&hellip;" value="" name="s" />
                    </label>                
                    <input type="submit" id="submit-field" class="search-submit" value="Search" />
                </form></div>        </div><!-- .header-search -->
    			</div><!-- .right -->
		</div>
	</div><!-- .header-bottom -->
		
</header><!-- .site-header --><div id="content" class="site-content">    <div class="container">
        
<div id="primary" class="content-area">
	
	<main id="main" class="site-main">

		<article id="post-7556" class="post-7556 page type-page status-publish hentry latest_post">
	        <header class="page-header">
            <h1 class="page-title"></h1>
        </header> 
        <figure class="post-thumbnail"></figure><div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd">
<html><body><div style="height:60px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>


<div class="mgl-root" data-gallery-options="{&quot;image_ids&quot;:[&quot;7919&quot;],&quot;id&quot;:&quot;68d9c0f68ff7b&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:false,&quot;custom_class&quot;:null,&quot;link&quot;:null,&quot;is_preview&quot;:false,&quot;updir&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/markstothard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/&quot;,&quot;captions&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:false,&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;tiles&quot;,&quot;justified_row_height&quot;:200,&quot;justified_gutter&quot;:5,&quot;masonry_gutter&quot;:5,&quot;masonry_columns&quot;:3,&quot;square_gutter&quot;:5,&quot;square_columns&quot;:5,&quot;cascade_gutter&quot;:10,&quot;class_id&quot;:&quot;mgl-gallery-68d9c0f68ff7b&quot;,&quot;layouts&quot;:[],&quot;tiles_gutter&quot;:10,&quot;tiles_gutter_tablet&quot;:10,&quot;tiles_gutter_mobile&quot;:10,&quot;tiles_density&quot;:&quot;high&quot;,&quot;tiles_density_tablet&quot;:&quot;medium&quot;,&quot;tiles_density_mobile&quot;:&quot;low&quot;,&quot;horizontal_gutter&quot;:10,&quot;horizontal_image_height&quot;:500,&quot;horizontal_hide_scrollbar&quot;:false,&quot;carousel_gutter&quot;:5,&quot;carousel_arrow_nav_enabled&quot;:true,&quot;carousel_dot_nav_enabled&quot;:true,&quot;carousel_image_height&quot;:&quot;800&quot;,&quot;carousel_keep_aspect_ratio&quot;:false,&quot;map_gutter&quot;:10,&quot;map_height&quot;:500}" data-gallery-images="[{&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Military training area during the Second World War, North Hill Minehead, Exmoor&quot;,&quot;meta&quot;:{&quot;width&quot;:2000,&quot;height&quot;:1331,&quot;file&quot;:&quot;2025\/08\/msp20190429_161119_d3s8725.jpg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:3943190,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;medium&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-300x200.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:300,&quot;height&quot;:200,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:57835},&quot;large&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-1024x681.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;height&quot;:681,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:320940},&quot;thumbnail&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-150x150.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:150,&quot;height&quot;:150,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:44342},&quot;medium_large&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-768x511.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:768,&quot;height&quot;:511,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:190293},&quot;1536x1536&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-1536x1022.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:1536,&quot;height&quot;:1022,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:690313},&quot;vilva-pro-schema&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-90x60.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:90,&quot;height&quot;:60,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:38306},&quot;vilva-slider&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-1920x760.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:1920,&quot;height&quot;:760,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:609029},&quot;vilva-slider-one&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-1220x600.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:1220,&quot;height&quot;:600,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:329881},&quot;vilva-slider-two&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-921x692.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:921,&quot;height&quot;:692,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:299670},&quot;vilva-slider-three&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-600x480.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:600,&quot;height&quot;:480,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:148864},&quot;vilva-slider-five&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-480x600.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:480,&quot;height&quot;:600,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:151048},&quot;vilva-slider-six&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-960x600.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:960,&quot;height&quot;:600,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:268058},&quot;vilva-slider-nine&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-470x352.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:470,&quot;height&quot;:352,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:99027},&quot;vilva-slider-ten&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-730x600.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:730,&quot;height&quot;:600,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:213779},&quot;vilva-featured-one&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-595x400.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:595,&quot;height&quot;:400,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:127456},&quot;vilva-featured-two&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-420x255.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:420,&quot;height&quot;:255,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:75532},&quot;vilva-featured-three&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-480x320.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:480,&quot;height&quot;:320,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:93423},&quot;vilva-featured-four&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-800x530.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:800,&quot;height&quot;:530,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:203672},&quot;vilva-featured-five&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-420x586.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:420,&quot;height&quot;:586,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:134855},&quot;vilva-blog&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-420x280.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:420,&quot;height&quot;:280,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:79668},&quot;vilva-blog-one&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-900x500.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:900,&quot;height&quot;:500,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:214225},&quot;vilva-blog-two&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-520x345.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:520,&quot;height&quot;:345,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:104247},&quot;vilva-blog-three&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-420x502.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:420,&quot;height&quot;:502,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:119553},&quot;vilva-blog-four&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-573x685.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:573,&quot;height&quot;:685,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:197246},&quot;vilva-sidebar&quot;:{&quot;file&quot;:&quot;msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-840x473.jpg&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:840,&quot;height&quot;:473,&quot;mime-type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;filesize&quot;:192209}},&quot;image_meta&quot;:{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;11&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;\u00a9 Mark Stothard MA ARPS&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;NIKON D3S&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Military training area during the Second World War, North Hill Minehead, Exmoor&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1556554279&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;\u00a9 Mark Stothard MA ARPS&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;640&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.0125&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Military training area during the Second World War, North Hill Minehead, Exmoor&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;keywords&quot;:[]}},&quot;id&quot;:&quot;7919&quot;,&quot;img_html&quot;:&quot;&lt;img width=\&quot;1024\&quot; height=\&quot;681\&quot; src=\&quot;https:\/\/markstothard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-1024x681.jpg\&quot; class=\&quot;wp-image-7919\&quot; alt=\&quot;\&quot; draggable=\&quot;\&quot; srcset=\&quot;https:\/\/markstothard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/markstothard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/markstothard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/markstothard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/markstothard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-90x60.jpg 90w, https:\/\/markstothard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-480x320.jpg 480w, https:\/\/markstothard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/markstothard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-520x345.jpg 520w, https:\/\/markstothard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/msp20190429_161119_d3s8725.jpg 2000w\&quot; sizes=\&quot;50vw\&quot; \/&gt;&quot;,&quot;link_href&quot;:null,&quot;link_target&quot;:&quot;_self&quot;,&quot;link_rel&quot;:null,&quot;attributes&quot;:{&quot;data-mgl-id&quot;:&quot;7919&quot;,&quot;data-mgl-width&quot;:&quot;2000&quot;,&quot;data-mgl-height&quot;:&quot;1331&quot;},&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;o&quot;}]" data-atts="{&quot;wplr-collection&quot;:&quot;8&quot;,&quot;include&quot;:&quot;7919&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:null,&quot;order&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orderby&quot;:&quot;post__in&quot;,&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;tiles&quot;}"><div class="mgl-gallery-container"></div><div class="mgl-gallery-skeleton" style="opacity: 1;"><div class="mgl-skeleton-tiles" style="width: 100%; opacity: 1;"><div style="display: flex; margin-bottom: 10px; height: 200px;"><div style="flex: 1; padding: 0 5px;"><div class="mgl-skeleton-item" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #e2e2e2; border-radius: 4px; overflow: hidden; position: relative;"><div class="mgl-skeleton-shimmer"></div></div></div><div style="flex: 1; padding: 0 5px;"><div class="mgl-skeleton-item" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #e2e2e2; border-radius: 4px; overflow: hidden; position: relative;"><div class="mgl-skeleton-shimmer"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mgl-gallery-images"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1024" height="681" src="https://markstothard.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-1024x681.jpg" class="wp-image-7919" alt="" draggable="" srcset="https://markstothard.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https://markstothard.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-300x200.jpg 300w, https://markstothard.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-768x511.jpg 768w, https://markstothard.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://markstothard.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-90x60.jpg 90w, https://markstothard.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-480x320.jpg 480w, https://markstothard.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-420x280.jpg 420w, https://markstothard.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/msp20190429_161119_d3s8725-520x345.jpg 520w, https://markstothard.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/msp20190429_161119_d3s8725.jpg 2000w" sizes="50vw" /></div></div>



<div style="height:205px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>
</body></html>
</div></article><!-- #post-7556 -->

	</main><!-- #main -->
</div><!-- #primary -->

            
        </div><!-- .container/ -->        
    </div><!-- .error-holder/site-content -->
        <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPFooter">
        <div class="footer-b">
        <div class="container">
            <div class="copyright">
                © 2025 <a href="https://markstothard.com/wp-login.php">Mark</a> Stothard <a href="https://markstothard.info/qualifications/" target="_blank">MA</a> <a href="https://markstothard.info/qualifications/" target="_blank">ARPS</a> | Practice-led Audio Visual Researcher and Writer | All Rights Reserved | <a href="https://markstothard.com/disclaimer/">Disclaimer</a>                
            </div>
            <div class="footer-social">
                            </div>
            
        </div>
    </div> <!-- .footer-b -->
        </footer><!-- #colophon -->
        <button class="back-to-top">
        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g transform="translate(-1789 -1176)"><rect width="24" height="2.667" transform="translate(1789 1176)" fill="#fff"/><path d="M-215.453,382.373-221.427,372l-5.973,10.373h4.64v8.293h2.667v-8.293Z" transform="translate(2022.427 809.333)" fill="#fff"/></g></svg>
    </button>
        </div><!-- #page -->
    <script type="speculationrules">
{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"\/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["\/wp-*.php","\/wp-admin\/*","\/wp-content\/uploads\/*","\/wp-content\/*","\/wp-content\/plugins\/*","\/wp-content\/themes\/vilva-pro\/*","\/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]}
</script>
			<script>
				// Used by Gallery Custom Links to handle tenacious Lightboxes
				//jQuery(document).ready(function () {

					function mgclInit() {
						
						// In jQuery:
						// if (jQuery.fn.off) {
						// 	jQuery('.no-lightbox, .no-lightbox img').off('click'); // jQuery 1.7+
						// }
						// else {
						// 	jQuery('.no-lightbox, .no-lightbox img').unbind('click'); // < jQuery 1.7
						// }

						// 2022/10/24: In Vanilla JS
						var elements = document.querySelectorAll('.no-lightbox, .no-lightbox img');
						for (var i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
						 	elements[i].onclick = null;
						}


						// In jQuery:
						//jQuery('a.no-lightbox').click(mgclOnClick);

						// 2022/10/24: In Vanilla JS:
						var elements = document.querySelectorAll('a.no-lightbox');
						for (var i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
						 	elements[i].onclick = mgclOnClick;
						}

						// in jQuery:
						// if (jQuery.fn.off) {
						// 	jQuery('a.set-target').off('click'); // jQuery 1.7+
						// }
						// else {
						// 	jQuery('a.set-target').unbind('click'); // < jQuery 1.7
						// }
						// jQuery('a.set-target').click(mgclOnClick);

						// 2022/10/24: In Vanilla JS:
						var elements = document.querySelectorAll('a.set-target');
						for (var i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
						 	elements[i].onclick = mgclOnClick;
						}
					}

					function mgclOnClick() {
						if (!this.target || this.target == '' || this.target == '_self')
							window.location = this.href;
						else
							window.open(this.href,this.target);
						return false;
					}

					// From WP Gallery Custom Links
					// Reduce the number of  conflicting lightboxes
					function mgclAddLoadEvent(func) {
						var oldOnload = window.onload;
						if (typeof window.onload != 'function') {
							window.onload = func;
						} else {
							window.onload = function() {
								oldOnload();
								func();
							}
						}
					}

					mgclAddLoadEvent(mgclInit);
					mgclInit();

				//});
			</script>
		<link rel='stylesheet' id='mgl-css-css' href='https://markstothard.com/wp-content/plugins/meow-gallery-pro/app/style.min.css?ver=1759043075' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='mgl-pro-css-css' href='https://markstothard.com/wp-content/plugins/meow-gallery-pro/app/style-pro.min.css?ver=1759043075' type='text/css' media='all' />
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://markstothard.com/wp-content/themes/vilva-pro/js/all.min.js?ver=6.1.1" id="all-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://markstothard.com/wp-content/themes/vilva-pro/js/v4-shims.min.js?ver=6.1.1" id="v4-shims-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://markstothard.com/wp-content/themes/vilva-pro/js/owl.carousel.min.js?ver=2.3.4" id="owl-carousel-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://markstothard.com/wp-content/themes/vilva-pro/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?ver=1.4.0" id="perfect-scrollbar-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://markstothard.com/wp-content/themes/vilva-pro/js/owlcarousel2-a11ylayer.min.js?ver=0.2.1" id="owlcarousel2-a11ylayer-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.8.2/wp-includes/js/imagesloaded.min.js" id="imagesloaded-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.8.2/wp-includes/js/masonry.min.js" id="masonry-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="vilva-pro-js-extra">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var vilva_pro_data = {"rtl":"","auto":"1","loop":"1","speed":"3000","lightbox":"","drop_cap":"","sticky":"","sticky_widget":"","featured_auto_slide":"1","secondary_menu":""};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://markstothard.com/wp-content/themes/vilva-pro/js/custom.min.js?ver=2.3.4" id="vilva-pro-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="vilva-pro-ajax-js-extra">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var vilva_pro_ajax = {"url":"https:\/\/markstothard.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","startPage":"1","maxPages":"0","nextLink":"https:\/\/markstothard.com\/page\/2\/?format=feed&type=rss","autoLoad":"numbered","loadmore":"Load More Posts","loading":"Loading...","nomore":"No More Post","plugin_url":"https:\/\/markstothard.com\/wp-content\/plugins"};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://markstothard.com/wp-content/themes/vilva-pro/js/ajax.min.js?ver=2.3.4" id="vilva-pro-ajax-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-before">
/* <![CDATA[ */
_stq = window._stq || [];
_stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"176742786\",\"post\":\"7556\",\"tz\":\"1\",\"srv\":\"markstothard.com\",\"j\":\"1:15.0.2\"}") ]);
_stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "176742786", "7556" ]);
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202539.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" id="mgl-js-js-extra">
/* <![CDATA[ */
var mgl_settings = {"infinite_buffer":"0","disable_right_click":"1","tiles":{"density":{"desktop":"high","tablet":"medium","mobile":"low"}},"api_url":"https:\/\/markstothard.com\/wp-json\/meow-gallery\/v1\/","rest_nonce":"fe7803f72c","options":{"layout":"tiles","captions":"none","link":null,"captions_alignment":"center","captions_background":"fade-black","animation":false,"image_size":"srcset","infinite":false,"infinite_buffer":0,"rendering_mode":"dom","tiles_gutter":10,"tiles_gutter_tablet":10,"tiles_gutter_mobile":10,"tiles_density":"high","tiles_density_tablet":"medium","tiles_density_mobile":"low","masonry_gutter":5,"masonry_columns":3,"masonry_left_to_right":false,"justified_gutter":5,"justified_row_height":200,"square_gutter":5,"square_columns":5,"cascade_gutter":10,"horizontal_gutter":10,"horizontal_image_height":500,"horizontal_hide_scrollbar":false,"carousel_gutter":5,"carousel_image_height":"800","carousel_arrow_nav_enabled":true,"carousel_dot_nav_enabled":true,"carousel_infinite":false,"map_engine":"","map_height":500,"map_zoom":10,"map_gutter":10,"googlemaps_token":"","googlemaps_style":"[]","mapbox_token":"","mapbox_style":"{\"username\":\"\", \"style_id\":\"\"}","maptiler_token":"","right_click":false,"gallery_shortcode_override_disabled":false,"skeleton_loading":true,"carousel_autoplay":true,"carousel_aspect_ratio":false,"justified_density":"low","justified_density_tablet":"medium","justified_density_mobile":"low"}};
var mgl_map = {"default_engine":"","height":"500","googlemaps":{"api_key":"","style":[]},"mapbox":{"api_key":"","style":{"username":"","style_id":""}},"maptiler":{"api_key":"","style":null}};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://markstothard.com/wp-content/plugins/meow-gallery-pro/app/galleries.js?ver=1759043075" id="mgl-js-js"></script>

</body>
</html>
