Matur Catur

Panduan Permainan Akhir : Nunn's Chess Ending Volume 1 & 2

noreply@blogger.com (Hilmy Rizal) — Sun, 26 Apr 2015 00:48:00 -0700

Sharing ebook pertama di blog ini. Panduan khusus permainan akhir dari John Nunn.

Ebook ini banyak dicari oleh pecatur karena isinya yang luar biasa. Dipaparkan dalam bentuk dan metode penyampaian yang praktis, tapi lengkap.

Silahkan download semua. Rasakan sensasinya.

Klik link download volume 1 di sini

Klik link download volume 2 di sini

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Permainan Akhir Sisilia : Garis

noreply@blogger.com (Hilmy Rizal) — Sat, 25 Apr 2015 08:52:00 -0700

Wrapping up my series about endgames from the Sicilian, we will be discussing the relevance of the major open lines in that structure: the c- and d-files.

In the basic Open Sicilian structure, White generally has primacy on the d-file and Black on the c-file. Indeed, how Black deals with the problem of the d-file affects the whole character of the game - if he plays ...e6 it is a Scheveningen, if ...e5 it is a Boleslavsky System, and if the e-pawn stays on e7 (thus keeping d6 solidly defended) it is a Dragon. Meanwhile, across the spectrum of Sicilians, there is one thing in common: the importance of the ...d5 break. In this way, Black can fight back and even assume the initiative on the d-file. In this instructive game by Tal, Black manages to make this break under good circumstances and eventually overruns White's position:

Another kind of metamorphosis can happen when Black captures a minor piece (usually a bishop) on d3. White often has a choice whether to recapture with the pawn on c2 or with some other piece:

Bryan Smith vs. Yun Fan

King's Island Open | 2009

More often than not, the capture with the pawn is preferable. Although it shuts down the d-file - and in some cases appears, at least superficially, to expose the white king - capturing with the pawn (as I did in the above position) does several things. By fully opening the c-file White relieves pressure against c2 and allows him to challenge, and often usurp, the c-file. Additionally, by capturing with the pawn, White strengthens e4, usually blunting a bishop on the long diagonal.

A positional theme which might not seem obvious at first, but should eventually be appreciated, is the idea to give up the two bishops and go into the ending after cxd3. As it turns out, this ending is often very favorable for White. Here is a good example, where Nigel Short overpowers his opponent in instructive fashion.

The Sicilian is a mysterious world, and despite the frequently very sharp nature of the game, understanding plays a dominant role in success as opposed to a simple rote memorization of variations. For this it is crucial to arm oneself with an understanding of the various structures which can arise.

10 Kota Catur Terbaik di Dunia

noreply@blogger.com (Hilmy Rizal) — Sat, 25 Apr 2015 08:27:00 -0700

The game of chess has a storied history dating back to about 600 AD, with many momentous events in those 1500 years.

About half a billion people today play chess worldwide, and the game has been adopted by cultures in every continent around the globe.

With such a large player-base and cultural acceptance, there is no doubt that there are several excellent chess cities in the world. But which ones are the very best?

Chess.com’s experts, including reporter Peter Doggers and IM Daniel Rensch, considered chess culture, events, history, facilities, and famous players to help choose the 10 best chess cities in the world.

Let us know your favorite chess cities in the comments and on Facebook.

Honorable Mention: Amsterdam, Barcelona, Beijing, Berlin, Chennai, Dallas, Dortmund, Dubai, Elista, Linares, and Wijk aan Zee.

While all the above cities are worthwhile centers of chess, they just missed out on making the top 10.

10. Havana, Cuba

Cuba has been a chess-crazy country since the rise of the legendary José Raúl Capablanca, Havana’s own world champion. Capablanca, born in 1888, was world champion from 1921 to 1927, and many chess fans consider him the greatest player of all time.

Havana is a large city of 2.1 million, and its chess culture is greater than just Capablanca. The Havana Chess Club was founded in 1885, three years before Capablanca was born. The city also hosted the 17th Chess Olympiad in 1966, won by the Soviet Union’s super team of Petrosian, Spassky, Tal, Stein, Korchnoi, and Polugaevsky.

Of course, the most famous Havana chess event is the Capablanca Memorial Tournament, which has been held annually since 1962. For many years, the tournament was the best-paid event on the chess circuit. Bobby Fischer famously finished second in the 1965 tournament, playing by telex from New York City. The tournament was most recently won by GM Wesley So of the Philippines.

9. St. Petersburg, Russia

Russia is by far the most chess-obsessed nation in the world, and St. Petersburg is its second-largest city. With nearly 5 million residents, St. Petersburg is home to countless chess players and many grandmasters.

In fact, some chess historians consider the title “grandmaster” to have made its formal introduction after the famous 1914 St. Petersburg chess tournament, where Russian Tsar Nicholas II awarded the title to top five players: Emanuel Lasker, José Raúl Capablanca, Alexander Alekhine, Siegbert Tarrasch, and Frank Marshall.

8. Tromsø, Norway

Tromsø is the smallest city on this list, with a population of just 72,000. The city is, however, the largest in northern Norway, and the second-largest city north of the Arctic Circle, trailing only Murmansk, Russia.

Tromsø is a fairly new player on the international chess stage, but it has been the host of two very important recent events. In 2013, the city hosted the 2013 FIDE World Cup, which was won by GM Vladimir Kramnik.

Of course, Tromsø is also currently hosting the 2014 Chess Olympiad, the most important international chess event. You can follow Chess.com’s coverage of the Tromsø Olympiad at www.Chess.com/news.

7. London, England

London, England's largest city and home to 8.3 million people, has been a center of gravity for international chess for centuries. In 1851, the city hosted the first formal international chess tournament, which was won by Germany’s Adolf Anderssen, who defeated 15 of the best chess players in the world.

London has hosted seven world chess championships, trailing only Moscow for most in history. Most recently, London held the famous 2000 world chess championship, when Vladimir Kramnik shocked the world by defeating Garry Kasparov.

6. Reykjavík, Iceland

Reykjavík, with 121,000 residents, is the largest city and capital of Iceland. Located on the southwest part of frigid Iceland, Reykjavík is the northernmost capital city in the world.

Though it’s much smaller than most other international cities, Reykjavík is home to six of Iceland’s eight grandmasters, making about 1 of 20,000 of the city’s residents a grandmaster. If New York City had as great a density of grandmasters as Reykjavík, it would have 416 -- but there are only 85 grandmasters, total, in all of the United States.

Reykjavík was also home to unquestionably the most famous event in chess history, the 1972 world championship between Bobby Fischer and Boris Spassky. In the future, Reykjavík will host the 2015 European team championship in November next year.

5. Baku, Azerbaijan

Baku, home to 2.1 million, is the capital of Azerbaijan in the Caucasus between Eastern Europe and Western Asia. The cosmopolitan city has a long history of strong players, and already has a promising future in chess.

Baku’s most famous chess player is, of course, Garry Kasparov, the legendary former world champion. Kasparov was world champion from 1985 to 2000, and he dominated competitive chess in that period. Many -- if not most -- chess fans consider Kasparov to be the greatest world champion ever.

Baku is also home to GM Teimour Radjabov, a former chess prodigy and currently ranked 27th in the world.

The future of chess in Baku is definitely secure, as the city will host two premier upcoming events: the 2015 World Cup and the 2016 Olympiad.

4. New York, New York

New York, the largest city in the United States with 8.3 million residents, also has the most extensive chess history in America.

New York is home to the famous Marshall Chess Club, one of the oldest in the United States, founded in 1915 by the U.S. chess champion Frank Marshall. The city’s oldest club, though, was the storied Manhattan Chess Club, which opened in 1877 and closed in 2002.

The most famous place to play chess in New York might be outside in Washington Square Park. The chess tables in the southwest corner of the park have been frequented by masters and strong amateurs for decades, including Bobby Fischer and other world-class GMs in the 1950s and 1960s. Josh Waitzkin, the chess prodigy depicted in the movie “Searching for Bobby Fischer,” also played in Washington Square Park.

In formal chess competition, New York co-hosted (With St. Louis and New Orleans) the first official world championship match in 1886 between Wilhelm Steinitz and Johannes Zukertort. The city also hosted the 1924 super tournament (Lasker, Capablanca, Alekhine, Marshall, Reti, Maróczy, Bogoljubow, and Tartakower), the 1995 world championship (Kasparov-Anand), and the famous computer-human match of Deep Blue vs. Kasparov.

3. Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia

Khanty-Mansiysk is a fast-growing city in central Russia. Founded in 1930, the city has benefited from an oil boom, and its population has more than doubled in the last 25 years to about 80,000 today.

The city has played host to some of the most important world chess events in recent years. Khanty-Mansiysk hosted the 2014 candidates tournament, won by Viswanathan Anand, who will face Magnus Carlsen in November for a world championship rematch.

Khanty-Mansiysk also was the home of four straight FIDE World Cups between 2005 and 2011, crowning Levon Aronian, Gata Kamsky, Boris Gelfand, and Peter Svidler as winners in 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2011, respectively. The city also hosted the 2010 Chess Olympiad.

2. St. Louis, Missouri

St. Louis is the current epicenter of chess in the United States. The city is modestly sized, with about 320,000 residents, but has a thriving chess community thanks to The Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis, one of the largest chess clubs in the world.

The CCSCSL includes a master-in-residence position, which has been held by Ben Finegold, Yasser Seirawan, Alejandro Ramirez, Varuzhan Akobian, Jennifer Shahade, Ronen Har-Zvi, Irina Krush, Josh Friedel, Anna Sharevich, Robert Hungaski, and Bryan Smith, according to Wikipedia.

St. Louis is also home to world #5 GM Hikaru Nakamura, rated 2787 in the July 2014 FIDE list.

St. Louis co-hosted (With New York and New Orleans) the first official world championship match in 1886 between Wilhelm Steinitz and Johannes Zukertort. The city has hosted the last six U.S. chess championships, and will host the strongest chess tournament in history, the upcoming Sinquefield Cup, later this month.

1. Moscow, Russia

Moscow, with a population of 12.1 million, is the largest city in Russia and the 8th-largest city in the world. It is undoubtably home to the most chess players in a single city in the world.

The city was the headquarters of the Soviet Union’s chess activities for most of the 20th century, and as such its chess history is by far the most extensive of any international city.

Moscow has hosted an astounding 15 world chess championships, most recently in the 2012 match between Anand and Gelfand.

The city has also staged two Chess Olympiads, in 1956 and again in 1994.

Nine chess world champions have lived in or played extensively in Moscow: Mikhail Botvinnik, Vasily Smyslov, Mikhail Tal, Tigran Petrosian, Boris Spassky, Anatoly Karpov, Vladimir Kramnik, Ruslan Ponomariov, and Alexander Khalifman.

Mikhail Tal (Eighth World Chess Champion)

noreply@blogger.com (Hilmy Rizal) — Sat, 25 Apr 2015 08:08:00 -0700

Tal was the eighth World Chess Champion. He lived from November 9, 1936 to June 28, 1992. Tal was a Latvian world chess champion. He achieved his title in the 1960 world chess championship, in Moscow, against Mikhail Botvinnik and becamMikhail e the youngest World Chess Champion at 23 years old (later on Gary Kasparov broke the record at age 22). A year later Botvinnik, who had never faced Tal before the title match began, won the return games against Tal in 1961, which was also held in Moscow.

Tal loved the game in itself and considered that "Chess, first of all, is Art." He was known to play numerous blitz games against unknown or relatively weak players purely for the delight of playing. Known as "The Magician from Riga", Tal was the archetype of the attacking player, developing a tremendously powerful and imaginative style of play. His approach over the board was very practical – in that respect, he is one of the heirs of ex-World Champion Emanuel Lasker. He often sacrificed material in pursuit of the initiative, which is defined by the ability to make threats to which the opponent must respond. With such intuitive sacrifices, he created immense complications, and many masters found it impossible to solve all the problems he created over the board, though deeper post-game analysis found flaws in some of his ideas. The famous sixth game of his first world championship match with Botvinnik is typical in that regard: Tal sacrificed a knight with little compensation but prevailed when the disturbed Botvinnik failed to find the correct reaction.

Tal was a prolific and highly respected chess writer, serving as editor of the Latvian chess magazine Šahs ("Chess") from 1960 to 1970. He also wrote four books: one on his 1960 World Championship with Botvinnik, his autobiography The Life and Games of Mikhail Tal, Attack with Mikhail Talcoauthored by Iakov Damsky, and Tal's Winning Chess Combinationscoauthored by Viktor Khenkin. His books are renowned for the detailed narrative of his thinking during the games. American Grandmaster Andrew Soltis reviewed his book on the world championship match as "simply the best book written about a world championship match by a contestant. That shouldn't be a surprise because Tal was the finest writer to become world champion". New Zealand Grandmaster Murray Chandler wrote in the introduction to the 1997 reissued algebraic edition of The Life and Games of Mikhail Tal that the book was possibly the best chess book ever written.

10 Peristiwa Penting Sepanjang Sejarah Catur

noreply@blogger.com (Hilmy Rizal) — Sat, 25 Apr 2015 07:57:00 -0700

Sepertinya tidak ada permainan lainnya, selain catur, dengan daya tahan kuat dan sejarah yang membentang ribuan tahun.

Catur telah berubah banyak sejak pertama kali ditemukan, namun dasar- dasar permainan tetap dikenali sepanjang masa yang panjang. Dari perjalanan sejarah, catur telah berkembang untuk menarik pemain modern dari berbagai lapisan budaya dan usia. Bahkan dalam hitungan statistik, menempatkan jumlah pemain catur hari ini adalah setengah miliar orang.

Bagaimana catur menyebar dan tumbuh popularitasnya saat ini? Berikut 10 peristiwa penting sepanjang sejarah catur yang dilansir dari http://www.briefhistoryofchess.com/

10. Chess is Born: ~600 AD

Sekitar tahun 600 SM, permainan Arab Shatranj dikembangkan dari permainan Chaturanga India, menjadi pertandingan pertama yang teridentifikasi sebagai catur. Shatranj dimainkan pada papan 8x8 dan menampilkan 16 buah di setiap sisi, mirip dengan catur hari ini. Ada prajurit (pawn), kuda (knight), gajah (bishop), kereta(rook), konselor (queen), dan Syah (king). Pertandingan itu berakhir dengan skakmat, atau jika semua bagian dari satu tentara(kecuali raja) ditangkap.

9. Meet the Mad Queen: ~1450

By the middle of the second millennium, chess had already evolved considerably from its shatranj roots. Pawns were now allowed to advance two squares on their first move, and the familiar light and dark checkered pattern was standard for the board.

It wasn’t until around 1450, though, that chess saw its most radical change: the mad queen. Hoping to make the game faster and more enjoyable, some players tweaked the rules to allow the queen to move as far as she wanted -- in any direction, diagonally, vertically, or horizontally -- combining the movements of the bishop and the rook.

This was a huge departure from the original rules limiting the queen to moving one square diagonally. The change was so revolutionary that the French called the new game “ésches de la dame enragée,” or “chess of the enraged lady” -- the “mad queen.”

8. First Chess Tournament: 1575

Today, tournaments are an integral part of chess. Professional players make their living in tournaments, and even beginners enter local and online chess tournaments for fun and competition.

Chess tournaments, though, haven’t been around forever. The first informal international chess tournament took place when the Italians Leonardo da Cutri and Paolo Boi traveled to the court of Philip II in Madrid to play Ruy Lopez and Alfonso Ceron of Spain.

Ruy Lopez had already beaten both of them in several earlier games, and it seemed like an easy victory for the Spanish after they won the first two games. The Italians, though, won the next three in a row to secure victory in the world’s first chess tournament.

7. The Mechanical Turk: 1770

In 1770, the Hungarian inventor Wolfgang von Kempelen unveiled the Mechanical Turk, an automatic chess-playing “machine” that entertained and bewildered audiences by defeating strong human opponents.

Originally designed by von Kempelen to impress an Austrian empress, the Turk had cabinets that could be opened to reveal an impressive array of gears and cogs, ostensibly to power the mechanical chess mind.

In the 84 years that the Turk wowed audiences in Europe and the Americas, the Turk beat nearly all its challengers. Famous statesmen Napoleon Bonaparte and Benjamin Franklin were among the humans defeated by the mysterious machine.

Of course, the Mechanical Turk was an entertaining hoax. The machine was controlled by a concealed human chess player who moved the pieces with magnets. Several strong chess masters had hidden inside the Turk through the decades it was in operation. Despite this trick, the Turk spread the popularity of chess and was a spiritual precursor to the first real chess machines -- computers.

6. The Staunton Pieces: 1849

The Englishman Howard Staunton was arguably the strongest player in the world from 1843 to 1851. Staunton, a passionate chess promoter, advocated a specific style of chess pieces.

Originally designed by the chess journalist Nathaniel Cook, the pieces were enjoyable to play with due to their easy piece recognition, stable bases, and pleasing design.

These pieces came to be called the "Staunton" style, which is now the official design of chess pieces used around the world.

5. It’s About Time: 1861

Chess games in the early 1800s sometimes lasted more than 14 hours! There were no time limits, and losing players would try to tire out their opponents.

In 1861, the first chess timers were introduced using sand hourglasses with three hours of sand each. Those evolved later into "tumbling" chess clocks (patented in 1884), where one clock would start when the other stopped.

The first electronic clocks weren't introduced until 1964. More accurate clocks led to faster time controls, including the now popular lightning chess where each player has only one minute to make all of their moves!

While chess clocks were once expensive and time-consuming to make, nowadays you can download a fully functional free chess clock on your Android or iOS smartphone in seconds.

4. First World Champion: 1886

The Austrian-American chess player William Steinitz became the first official world chess champion in 1886 when he defeated Johannes Zukertort in a match for the undisputed championship.

Steinitz’s biggest contribution to chess, however, was his advancement of the game’s strategic understanding. Before the rise of Steinitz, chess was played in a romantic, hopeful, and daring style full of reckless attacks.

In 1873, three years before his match with Zukertort, Steinitz unveiled a more positional style of chess, with a focus on pawn structure, the active bishop pair, and knight outposts. His attacks were only launched after careful preparation.

While some contemporaries called his ideas cowardly at first, those ideas earned Steinitz the nickname “the father of modern chess.”

3. Fischer and Kasparov: 1972 and 1985

Bobby Fischer learned the rules of chess at the age of six, and when he was 11 he “just got good,” according to Fischer himself. Six months after he turned 15, Fischer was a grandmaster, setting the record at the time for youngest GM ever.

Fischer’s ascendency peaked in 1972, when he defeated Boris Spassky and the Soviet chess monolith to win the world championship in what is still considered the most famous chess event ever.

Three years later, though, Fischer disappeared from competitive chess and public life, only to reappear 20 years later to beat Spassky in a rematch. Fischer promptly withdrew from the spotlight once again, avoiding the chess world until his death in 2008 at age 64 -- the number of squares on a chessboard.

After Bobby Fischer disappeared in 1975, chess lacked a superstar until the charismatic Garry Kasparov appeared on the world chess stage 10 years later.

Kasparov became the youngest world champion ever at age 22 after defeating Anatoly Karpov, and remained the undisputed strongest chess player for nearly 22 years. His peak rating of 2851 stood as the highest in history until it was surpassed by the current world champion Magnus Carlsen in 2013.

Kasparov enjoyed widespread fame as the face of chess for decades before retiring in 2005 to focus on Russian politics and charity projects.

Fischer and Kasparov are almost universally considered two of the strongest and most famous world champions of all time.

2. Computers Win: 1997

In 1989, the computer company IBM hired a team of Carnegie Mellon engineers to create a computer capable of beating the world chess champion.

That champion was Garry Kasparov, who said “there is still a long way to go before a human on his or her best day is unable to defeat the best computer.”

Indeed, in 1989, Garry Kasparov defeated IBM's "Deep Thought" computer in a 6-game match. The next version, "Deep Blue,” also fell to Kasparov in 1996.

But in the 1997 rematch, Deep Blue, then capable of evaluating 200 million chess positions per second, defeated Kasparov by a score of 3.5 to 2.5.

Though Deep Blue made history, today's modern chess engines running on ordinary computers could easily defeat Deep Blue. While they cannot calculate as many positions, today’s engines evaluate more efficiently and accurately.

Chess software today is far stronger than human chess players. The human world champion Magnus Carlsen is rated 2877, while the best computer program (currently Stockfish) is rated 3290.

1. The Magnus Era: 2013

Welcome to the era of Magnus Carlsen, the Norwegian superstar. Magnus is undeniably one of the most prodigious chess figures in the history of the game.

He's the highest rated player ever. He became a grandmaster at age thirteen. Last year, Carlsen defeated GM Viswanathan Anand to win the world chess championship. And he's a fashion model.

Carlsen plays a well-rounded game, with a variety of openings, blistering tactical play, unfathomable positional understanding, insane endgame calculation, and a ridiculous ability to defend almost any position.

Did we mention that he is just 23 years old? Carlsen has been the top-ranked chess player in the world since he was a teenager, and he’s a safe bet to remain the world’s dominant chess figure for years to come.

Ukuran Catur yang Tak Biasa

noreply@blogger.com (Hilmy Rizal) — Thu, 23 Apr 2015 06:32:00 -0700

Bermain catur yang kisaran buah caturnya proporsional dengan kotak-kotak catur 6 x 6 cm sudah banyak dijumpai. Saat ini banyak tersedia juga ukuran yang sedikit lebih kecil dan sedikit lebih besar. Sehingga tidak kaget saat melihat ada permainan catur dengan ukuran catur seperti itu.

Bagaimana jika ukurannya jauh berbeda?

Ada catur dengan ukuran yang sangat besar, yang disediakan khusus oleh Percasi Padang. Letaknya di Chess Garden, depan sekretariat Percasi Padang, Komplek Tribun Selatan Stadion GOR Agus Salim, Padang. Tak tanggung-tanggung, ukuran bidaknya saja hampir 1 meter.

Ide dari pembuatan catur dengan ukuran tak biasa ini adalah untuk menarik minat orang untuk melihat. Diharapkan dengan mengundang rasa penasaran orang untuk melihat, dapat menstimulus daya dorong orang untuk sekaligus mengamati atau bermain catur.

Ide ini sangat brilian dan terbukti mujarab. Sejak diresmikan oleh Wali Kota Padang, Mahyeldi Ansharullah Juli 2014, hampir setiap hari puluhan orang datang untuk melihat dan mencoba memainkan catur dengan bidak besar itu.

Bagi Anda yang gemar dengan olahraga catur yang dapat mengasah otak serta kemampuan berstrategi ini dan ingin merasakan sensasi berbeda bermain catur, Anda dapat berkunjung ke Padang. Permainan catur ukuran besar ini tersedia setiap hari mulai pukul 07.00 WIB hingga pukul 20.00 WIB dan tidak dipungut biaya alias gratis.