Mechanical Engineerz

Become a member of ASME ~ Mechanical Engineerz

noreply@blogger.com (Rajesh) — Fri, 30 Aug 2013 01:44:00 +0000

Become a member of ASME ~ Mechanical Engineerz

Become a member of ASME

noreply@blogger.com (Rajesh) — Fri, 30 Aug 2013 01:43:00 +0000

Every Mechanical Engineer/Student need to be a member of American Society of Mechanical Engineers.It provides you wide Knowledge to improve your skills to enrich your career as a Mechanical Engineer.

About ASME :

ASME is a not-for-profit membership organization that enables collaboration, knowledge sharing, career enrichment, and skills development across all engineering disciplines, toward a goal of helping the global engineering community develop solutions to benefit lives and livelihoods. Founded in 1880 by a small group of leading industrialists, ASME has grown through the decades to include more than 130,000 members in 158 countries. Thirty-thousand of these members are students.

From college students and early-career engineers to project managers, corporate executives, researchers and academic leaders, ASME's members are as diverse as the engineering community itself. ASME serves this wide-ranging technical community through quality programs in continuing education, training and professional development, codes and standards, research, conferences and publications, government relations and other forms of outreach.

Join ASME :

Joining ASME is the most important connection a current or future Mechanical Engineer Can make.

ASME Members have unlimited access to valuable information’s and resources, Connections to the best and brightest engineers, and numerous opportunities to get involved and make a real difference. Professional and Student members also enjoy a host of exclusive career-enhancing benefits.

Become a member now:

·        JoinOnline Now, or by Phone or Fax

·        Renew Your ASME Membership

·        Member Benefits Professional | Student

·         Download: Professional Application | Student Application

·         Call: 1-800-843-2763 (US & Canada), +1-973-882-1167 (Global)

2013-2014 Membership Dues:

Member, Fellow, or Affiliate	$147.00
Member 0-1 year after graduation	$58.00
Member 1-2 years after graduation	$80.00
Member 2-3 years after graduation	$102.00
Member 3-4 years after graduation	$124.00
Student Member	$25.00
Retired Member*	$73.00
Automatic Student upgrade to Member	$58.00
Life Member**	$0
Honorary Member	$0
Pre-Paid Membership for a lifetime.	Request quote

Contact ASME

ASME strives to provide world-class service to its members, customers and site visitors, and welcomes your questions and feedback via email, telephone or fax:

ASME Customer Care

800-843-2763 (U.S/Canada)

001-800-843-2763 (Mexico)

973-882-1170 (outside North America)

Fax: 973-882-1717

Email: CustomerCare@asme.org

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Mechanical Industries Chennai Hr mail id's

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Sun, 18 Aug 2013 09:40:00 +0000

Mechanical Industries Chennai Hr mail id's

we will enclose a collection of HR mail id's of Mechanial Industries in chennai.

Download Link 1 : Click Here

Download Link 2 : Click Here

In Download link 2 Step 1 : Select Slow / Fast download
Step 2 : Select "go to download" after second advertisement (Square ad)
Step 3 : Select "open download link" after second advertisement (Square ad)
Step 4 : Enter the below code and Select " download now" after second advertisement (Square ad)

A Worthy Fuel-Cell Car (That You Can Buy)

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Sat, 13 Aug 2011 08:27:00 +0000

As Mercedes-Benz's Dr. Christian Mohrdieck, responsible for fuel-cell development, says of the new B-Class F-Cell, "The most spectacular thing about it is how unspectacular it is."

What he means is that the new fuel-cell-powered electric vehicle is so simple to use and so much like the cars we are accustomed to that one soon stops thinking about the flow of hydrogen and oxygen, the proton-exchange process and all of the sci-fi stuff going on in the compartment below the rear-floor section. For the 200 folks who lease one of these pilot-program cars in California and Europe, the most challenging aspect will be finding hydrogen fueling stations.

You just get in and drive. Actually, you have to insert the familiar Mercedes key plug into a slot first and turn it to power up the system. All the gauges light up, but there are no accompanying noises, and we found it sometimes not quite ready to go when we slid the selector into drive. It then sends a message asking you to put it back into Park.

It's curious that this highly developed alternative to the internal combustion vehicle retains ignition-key functions where many conventional cars have gone keyless, but it tells you the pains Mercedes engineers have taken to make their F-Cell car feel normal.

The Specs

The F-Cell is powered by a 100-kilowatt (136-hp) electric motor that produces about 214 lb-ft of torque pretty much all the time. This latest fuel cell is 40 percent smaller than the version in Mercedes-Benz's previous testbed, the A-Class F-Cell, yet it produces 30 percent more power while consuming 30 percent less fuel.

Electrical energy is stored in a liquid-cooled array of lithium-ion batteries with a storage capacity exceeding 1.4 kilowatt-hours, while the hydrogen fuel itself is housed in three tanks in the compartment beneath the passenger cell. Each tank holds about 8 pounds of compressed hydrogen. The fuel cell itself, the batteries and the electric propulsion system are also housed in the under-floor compartment.

This so-called sandwich system provides a buffer for noise and does not compromise passenger or luggage space above the floor. There is nothing in the passenger compartment that hints at the unusual technology other than the instrumentation, which features a power gauge in the driver's panel and a schematic display—along the same lines as you'd see in a typical hybrid—in the console that provides a commentary of where the power is coming from and where it's going, depending on conditions. That screen is more likely to be tuned to the navigation system, however, as it's part of the usual Mercedes COMAND system.

The F-Cell is a front-wheel-drive vehicle with electric power-steering assist and an electric air-conditioning compressor. As you'd expect on a vehicle of this kind, the windows and exterior mirrors are also power-adjustable. There's no overt hint of a bare-bones economy model about the car, which will help any technology-averse drivers adjust quickly.

Like the hybrid vehicles many of us are accustomed to, the F-Cell uses regenerative braking to help the battery pack stay fully charged. But since the batteries in a fuel-cell car are as much buffers (or capacitors) as they are energy sources, there are times when the fuel cell has enough juice to keep them fully charged, and you notice much-reduced regenerative braking when you lift off the pedal.

All of this technology may have shrunk and increased in efficiency, but it's still pretty heavy, and the F-Cell ends up weighing a smidge short of 2 tons, at 3990 pounds. Still, the F-Cell will seat five and carry a fair amount of luggage. The second-row seatbacks fold forward, increasing cargo volume from 19 to 54 cubic feet.

For its weight, the F-Cell doesn't perform too badly, either, capable of reaching 60 mph from rest in 11.4 seconds and achieving 106 mph.

The Drive

Driving the F-Cell is a simple matter of unlocking the car via the keyfob switch, climbing in easily—thanks to the tallish crossover format—and switching on. The fuel cell takes very little time to come onstream, and it'll start and run at temperatures as low as minus 13 degrees Fahrenheit. There are none of the whirring, hissing and gurgling noises we recall from early experimental F-C vehicles, and the car barely hums as it comes to life. And that may have been the ventilation system.

A conventional console selector glides through the usual Mercedes maze to the drive position and the F-Cell is ready to go. You step on the gas (hydrogen is a gas, right?), and it moves quietly but decisively down the road. Acceleration seems entirely adequate, and response to the pedal is proportional and immediate.

Having all of the electric machine's torque on tap all of the time is not a bad thing, and you never have to wait for a downshift. The F-Cell is geared to just one range forward but obviously has a reverse gear too. Part of the drive route was on California's toll road 73, where the F-Cell was content to cruise at 75 to 85 mph with no sign of distress.

In fact, if you stood on it, the car would begin picking up reasonably quickly. Its top speed of 106 mph will likely not arrive terribly soon, but the car is definitely not hamstrung among the big BMWs, Benzes and Lexuses of Orange County. The ride and noise characteristics are very civilized, and the handling feels light and responsive despite the rather magnetic feel of the electric-assist steering.

Part of that balanced ride is due to the weight being held very low in the vehicle. It was only when encountering pronounced heaves in the road that the car would betray its considerable mass, the rear end rebounding in a way that seesawed the car in a noticeable fashion. On all other surfaces, the F-Cell was well-behaved.

Mercedes engineers did a good job on stifling road and wind noise, presumably because the muted operation of the fuel cell and electric drivetrain left all the other sounds clear headway. So the F-Cell is quiet and refined, and its passage from one place to another is unremarkable in every way other than the fact that it is producing only water as a byproduct of its progress.

This in itself is amazing. If one's concern in an era of uncertainty about the use of fossil fuel is the likelihood of continued personal mobility, the F-Cell allows us a sigh of relief. Even if the romance of V12 exhaust symphonies and the excitement of 4-second sprints to 60 mph all disappears at some point, we'll still be able to roll down to the beach with the stereo pumping.

Of course, we don't yet know the real cost of large-scale fuel-cell implementation. Right now, Mercedes is leasing these cars to selected end-users for about $849 a month for up to 36 months. And, at the moment, there are only five hydrogen refueling stations in Los Angeles.

We visited one in Irvine to observe the refueling process. While the nozzle system itself is easy to use, needing only to be thrust into the inlet-valve head to click into place, the station itself was malfunctioning and could not muster enough pressure (over 10,000 psi) to refill the cars. Lucky the range of the F-Cell is good (around 200 miles) and we could continue on to downtown L.A.

We're told the refilling process requires less than 3 minutes and that various programs are afoot to expand the number of stations quickly. Four more will come onstream by the end of 2010.

The Bottom Line

Regulations from the EU, the EPA and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) are calling for dramatic reductions in carbon emissions in the very near future. To meet the 2040 projections, most vehicles on the road will need to be zero-emission vehicles at that time. Whether or not that comes to pass will depend on a number of factors, but companies like Mercedes-Benz are already planning for a post-internal-combustion future. In fact, Mercedes says it'll offer a fuel-cell vehicle for sale by 2015.

That eventuality may sound dire to hard-core hot rodders, but if it means having to drive around in something like the Mercedes-Benz F-Cell, we can certainly live with it.

Using nitrogen instead of compressed air in tires

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Sat, 13 Aug 2011 08:18:00 +0000

Is there any advantage to using nitrogen instead of compressed air in tires? Will I notice improved fuel economy or a smoother ride? Will my tires last longer?

Sort of. From the top: Air is 78 percent nitrogen, just under 21 percent oxygen, and the rest is water vapor, CO2 and small concentrations of noble gases such as neon and argon. We can ignore the other gases.

There are several compelling reasons to use pure nitrogen in tires.

First is that nitrogen is less likely to migrate through tire rubber than is oxygen, which means that your tire pressures will remain more stable over the long term. Racers figured out pretty quickly that tires filled with nitrogen rather than air also exhibit less pressure change with temperature swings. That means more consistent inflation pressures during a race as the tires heat up. And when you're tweaking a race car's handling with half-psi changes, that's important.

Passenger cars can also benefit from the more stable pressures. But there's more: Humidity (water) is a Bad Thing to have inside a tire. Water, present as a vapor or even as a liquid in a tire, causes more of a pressure change with temperature swings than dry air does. It also promotes corrosion of the steel or aluminum rim.

If I ever need to top off a tire when I'm out on the road, I'll always briefly depress the tire chuck's valve with my thumbnail and vent some air. If my thumb gets wet, there's water in the line. Some gas stations don't do a very good job of keeping the humidity out of their air system. I don't even like to use a water-based tire-mounting lubricant unless I can let the tire bake in the sun for a couple of hours before I air it up and seat the bead. I've dismounted tires (not mine) that had several quarts of water inside—probably from a compressed-air hose that collected water and was never purged properly.

How is water relevant to a nitrogen discussion? Any system that delivers pure nitrogen is also going to deliver dry nitrogen. Filling tires with nitrogen involves filling and purging several times in succession, serially diluting the concentration of oxygen in the tire. This will also remove any water.

It's certainly simple, although time-consuming, for a tire technician to fill and bleed tires. But most shops use a machine that not only generates almost pure nitrogen by straining the oxygen out of shop-compressed air, but will also automatically go through several purge cycles unattended. Some shops have been charging as much as $30 per tire for this service. I think that's too much. If you're buying a new tire, it should be far less. Still, the nitrogen generator, filling system and technician's time aren't free—the dealer is entitled to some return for that.

So, to answer your specific questions: With nitrogen, your tire pressures will remain more constant, saving you a small amount in fuel and tire-maintenance costs. There will be less moisture inside your tires, meaning less corrosion on your wheels. You will not be able to feel any difference in the ride or handling or braking, unless your tire pressures were seriously out of spec and changing to nitrogen brought them back to the proper numbers.

Best Awesome Concept Cars

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Wed, 03 Aug 2011 17:10:00 +0000

Concept cars are prototypes with new and fresh designs equipped with some unusual technical features that are very different from any conventional autos. Such prototypes are usually displayed at motor shows.

In 1938, the World's first concept or prototype car was produced by a division of General Motors. The car was officially named " Buick Y-Job" , which was designed by Harley J. Earl and featured some hi-tech features of that era.

Nowaday designers are coming up with their innovative concepts and ideas of efficient, family-friendly and eco-conscious sedans.

Jaguar 2040

The Jaguar 2040

This concept is specially designed for the year 2040 when major cities will be overpopulated and contaminated. In order to cope this major problem, The Jaguar 2040 will offer a luxury and eco-friendly ride to the city commuters. The car is equipped with nano materials, nano computers and even nano solar cells. Some other magnificent features include: automatic alteration of vehicles appearance, ability to turn powers into electro magnetic thrust and becomes a piece of sculpture when not in use.

This smart and intelligent L-shaped car bears a very sleek design which gives it a futuristic look.

Aerodynamic Futuristic Car

This aerodynamic fituristic car is designed by Muhammad Imran, and incorportaes great features to make it an efficient vehicle. Based on eco-friendly concept, Imaran's futuristic sedan is compressed natural gas (CNG) powered and also contains a very spacious interior for a smooth and comfortable journey.

Peugeot Velocite

Juan Carlos Noguera's "Puegot Velocite" is an awesome looking three-wheeler that was originally designed for the 2008 Puegot design competition. Velocite is an electric vehicle powered by a low-resistance electric motor situated inside the rear orbital wheel. This emission free stylish car will surely rule the road.

iMove

Italian car designer Liviu Tudoran's "iMove" concept car is a smart and intelligent auto designed for the year 2020. iMove is inspired by Apple products and includes some breakthrough technology which make it an efficient hybrid car.

The smart intelligent car features a touch screen interface, Apple's mouse shaped roof which makes it more loyal to Apple, and photochromic material covered exterior allowing the users to change iMove's appearance.

Trendhunter

The Element concept car

Designer Liviu Tudoran's "Element" is an eco-friendly transparent car featuring some ultra-modern concepts which make it very unique and special. The emission-free Element is electric motor powered and it can be controlled via a LED touchscreen. Apart from these futuristic features the car also offers a comfortable and pleasant ride.

Source: Trendhunter

The Eos

Marco Aurelio Galan's Eos concept car is inspired from Greek mythology and designed to deliver a high-performance emission free ride. The speciality of the Eos is that it is powered by a zic-air-battery. With a maximum speed of 100kmph, the Eos employs the most efficient and hi-tech technology to offer a pleasant and safe ride.

Source: Diseno Art

The Honda Air

The design of "The Honda Air " concept car is inspired from roller coaster and sky diving wing suits. This concept car from Honda was an entry for the LA Auto Show's Design Challenge competition, 2010.

The car is designed to be a fuel efficient and evrionment-friendly. This lightweight hub-less four wheeler consists of fairings in its body made from vegetables, which makes it greener for a high performance drive.

Source: Automotto

The Lamborghini Minotauro

Andrei Avarvarii's "The Lamborghini Minotauro" is a super efficient luxurious concept sedan, which is designed for the year 2020. The auto has four asynchronous motors to divide the power between the front and rear wheels. This futuristic electric sedan derives power from Li-Tac flatcell battery in the rear. The Lamborghini Minotauro is an extremely superfast car.

The Nissan Yuki-onna

Spanish designer Alfredo Marin Garcia's "The Nissan Yuki-onna" concept car's design is inspired by the figure of woman in the snow. The aesthetically designed car features carbon fibre chasis which makes it greener. Its four-wheel electric system delivers a smooth and efficient emission-free ride.

Source: Mathe Barta

The BMW Chariot Roadster

Designer Mathe Barta's BMW ChariotRoadster is another concept vehicle that is inspired from the ancient Greek's chariot. The auto is virtually divided into different parts. Its front represents the horses, while the rear represents the chariot itself. Although the designer has not provided any technical specification, but BMW Chariot Roadster is definately the right car for the car enthusiasts.

Thats all my dear friends. Hope you will like the compilation of some interesting cars, for which I am waiting for the day when these cars become reality.

Back of American Muscle Car

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Wed, 03 Aug 2011 17:04:00 +0000

2005 Pontiac GTO

1966 Pontiac GTO

1967 Dodge Charger

2006 Dodge Charger

2010 Chevy Camaro

1969 Chevy Camaro

2010 Dodge Challenger

1971 Dodge Challenger

1965 Ford Mustang

The back of the American Muscle Car, for those of you who grew up in the 50's and 60's you knew of no other type of car than the American V8 muscle car. They were big, they were loud, and they were fast. For the generation that grew up after the 60's we were on the tail end of a point in history that defined the V8 muscle car. Some of us had a parent or an uncle or grandfather that had a rip snarling muscle car tucked away in a garage or in a shed somewhere. Some of us were even lucky enough to purchase a used one years after it reigned supreme.

I wasn’t one that was lucky enough to own one, but my father did. It was a 1966 Dodge Charger, and I know when it affected me as the symbol of pride. I was around it my whole life as my father had purchased it before I was born, back then it was his daily driver. But I remember one Sunday afternoon when I was about eight years old when it really struck me as an icon of emotion and excitement. We had just returned from church and while my mom was in the kitchen making us some lunch dad pulled the beast out of the garage for an oil change and a car wash. I remember it as if it was yesterday, that quiet Sunday afternoon as the engine cranked over and proceeded to rattle the windows in the house as it loped aggressively, dad giving it a gently tap of throttle every couple of seconds making it growl in the most exhilarating way. Its mean V8 begging to be ran, asking to be let wide open.

Later that day he took me for a drive in it, I could barely see over the dash. He would open her up when we got to a straight section of road, and I remember the raw power and explosion of acceleration pinning me to the seat. It was that day that I knew I would never see any other car the same as the muscle car. Years passed and I tried to find ways to own one myself, but never had the opportunity as it just wasn’t practical. Many of the old classics were becoming hard to find and very expensive, and the car manufactures just weren't producing anything anymore that had the real muscle that the classics had.

Then in 2005 I read an article in Car and Driver, about the new Chevrolet Camaro concept, and I was in love all over again. It looked mean, it had similar lines to the '69 Camaro and best of all it had real gut wrenching, tire screaming power. Over the next several years all the American car manufactures were kicking out tributes to the cars that made them famous. For a muscle car lover this has been a dream come true, a chance at owning something that most of us thought would be gone forever.

Pontiac brought back the GTO while its lines look nothing like the original '65 or even the '70 Judge, it did pack a powerful 6.0 liter V8 under the hood that demanded your respect. While not the top car in my list of muscle cars brought back from the dead, the GTO still will get your blood pumping.

Ford introduced radical changes to its never dying Mustang and brought back the original look of the pony car. Probably the most recognized muscle car of all time this new little pony car looked so much like its original design from 1965 that I even caught myself doing a double take when I first saw one. And the distinguished mustang growl of Ford's small block V8 that just sends shivers up your back.

The Chrysler Corporation brought back two icons of the muscle car era, however one fell far short of what the original was while the other makes you want to smile from ear to ear. The Dodge Charger came back but, really missed the mark of being a true muscle car again. While it was given two choices of the ever popular Hemi V8, it didn't carry the lines of a performance vehicle or a muscle car, looking more like a box on wheels and less like its original counter part that seemed to look like it was going 90mph sitting still. Plus it had 4 doors, not really the muscle car theme. The other was of course the Dodge Challenger and this time Dodge got it right. Just one look and you are thinking of a time when gas was cheap and the sound of a V8 was all you could hear at a racetrack.

If you’re like me you’re looking at these cars of new and remembering a time when the V8's ruled. You’re thanking the manufacturers for one last tribute to what made the muscle car famous. As car enthusiast or a car collector these are cars that will live on forever in our hearts and will inspire the next generation of car lovers.

Top 10 Car Manufacturers in the world

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Wed, 03 Aug 2011 16:59:00 +0000

1. Toyota (Japan)

The world's most active car manufacturer during 2005 was Japanese company Toyota, who had a total of 6,157,038 cars roll off of the production line during 2005. The widest produced model is likely to be the popular Corolla,

2. General Motors (USA)

Next on the list, and half a million away from Toyota, is American company General Motors who during 2005 produced a hefty 5,657,225 passenger cars. Amongst GM's more famous brands worldwide are Cadillac and Chevrolet.

3. Volkswagen group (Germany)

At third on the list and around 700,000 card behind General Motors is German business Volkswagen group with a total of 4,979,487 cars rolling off the production line in 2005. A large proportion of these cars are likely to be from the 'Golf' range.

4. Ford (USA)

Sitting at number 4 on the list is the second largest American manufacturer Ford who completed 3,514,496 passenger cars in 2005, more than 2 million less than General Motors. It should be noted however that Ford does have a popular range of vans and other non passenger vehicles.

5. Honda (Japan)

At number 5 on this list is another Japanese business, this time its Honda who produced a little less than Ford with 3,324,282 completed passenger cars. It could perhaps be noted that Honda also produce a large quantity of two wheeled vehicles which are not included in these statistics. The biggest selling vehicle is likely to to be the Honda Civic.

6. PSA Peugeot Citroen (France)

At number 6 is the first of two French businesses on this list. Peugeot Citroen, which of course is the producer of both Peugeot and Citroen models, completed 2,982,690 cars during 1995.

7. Hyundai-Kia (South Korea)

At number 7 on the list is South Korean manufacturer Hyundai-Kai who produced 2,726,000 cars during the year 2005.

8. Nissan (Japan)

At number 8 is yet another Japanese company, the 3rd on the list, and makes up the so called 'Asian 4'. Nissan produced 2,697,362 cars during 2005.

9. Renault-Dacia-Samsung (France)

The 9th largest passenger car producer of 2005 were French business Renault who finished the year with some 2,195,162 cars completed.

10. DaimlerChrysler (Germany)

The 10th and final manufacturer on this list is German firm DaimlerChrysler, perhaps most famous for their luxury Mercedes cars.

Top 10 Most Economical Cars

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Wed, 03 Aug 2011 16:52:00 +0000

Introduction

There's a revolution going on in the car industry at the moment. Over the last decade, car manufacturers have been spending a lot of time and money investing in efficiency. The biggest area car manufacturers have looked at is the diesel engine.

Of course, more recently hybrid cars have been growing in popularity. The mix of a petrol engine and electric drive-train has proven a massive hit in the USA, but is it justified?

In this article, I'll look at the top 10 fuel efficient cars avaliable to buy today. I'm not including electric cars because of how rare they are at present, although I'm hoping by this time in 2010 there will be a lot more on the roads.

10. Fiat Panda 1.3 MultiJet 65.7mpg

Fiat Panda

A popular return of name for Fiat with the return of the Panda. This spacious little city car has amazed people with it's sense of spaciousness. It's a small car that feels big.

The small 1.3 Turbo diesel engine pumps out an impressive 65.7mpg on a combined cycle. There was some shock when this car first arrived at how well it was built. Fiat had a problem with bits breaking from almost new. Yet the Panda gets thumbs up from a lot of people and it help turn the tides for Fiats problems.

9. Fiat 500 MultiJet 67.3mpg

Fiat 500

The new kid on the block. Retro is in and everyone is reviving classic cars. The Fiat 500 is obviously the new re-incarnation of the 500 from all those years ago. Using the same 1.3 TD engine from the Panda (above). Due to less weight (only 3 doors) and being a little more aerodynamic, the 500 manages an extra 1.6mpg over the Panda.

A great little car that's a lot of fun to drive. Is a definate contender over the king of retro, the Mini

8. Renault Clio 1.5 dCi 67.30mpg

Renault Clio

Another face lift for the ever popular Renault Clio has appeared, and with it's 80 horse power 1.5TD it has taken the crown of the most fuel efficient Renault of them all.The Clio is one of Renault's best selling cars now, and they keep making it better.

Like the Fiat 500, it's a lot of fun to drive, and like the Fiat Panda, it's also very roomy with a decent size boot, and 5 comfortable seats. It's looks are fresh up to date and as it's a Renault, is built very well.

A great little car that's a lot of fun to drive. Is a definate contender over the king of retro, the Mini.

7. Citroen C2 1.4 HDi 68.90mpg

Citroen C2

The Citroen C2 has been around for a while now, so Citroen have just launched a face lift version of the car. It's a good seller for Citroen, especially with the ridiculous cash back offers Citroen are known for! 68.9mpg comes from the 1.4HDi engine which is an absolute dream.

These well built French cars are on a par with Renault for quality and style. Both of these cars appeal to the youngsters as much as their elders and due to the massive increase in the economy are getting more and more popular.

6. Toyota Aygo 1.4 HDi 68.9mpg

Toyota

The Toyota Aygo is exactly the same as the Citroen C1. Both use the same 1.4 HDi engine producing a brilliant 68.9mpg. There both a lot of fun to drive while keeping them easy to use. Well built and very reliable will add to the low cost of ownership to make both these cars great sellers in 2009.

The one thing to know about these cars, is there's a slightly cheaper brother to both of them. A 1.4 Petrol version is available for £1000 less, and still pulls 61.4mpg! Yes it costs a little more to run, but the little petrol engine is very capable.

5. Mini Clubman Cooper D 68.9mpg

Mini Clubman Cooper D

This is one of the coolest cars out at the moment. Yeah it might have shocked you when you first saw one, but it's growing on you! It's not quiet as economical as the non Clubman version (losing 2.5mpg) but it's worth it for the extra room the Clubman offers you. those extra doors and a real boot really help!

The Clubman is comfortable and spacious, and even though it's growing in popularity, it's not as common as the normal Mini. Get yourself something rare before everyone finds out about this great little car.

4. Skoda Fabia Greenline 68.9mpg

Skoda Fabia

The Skoda Fabia is a great car. Skoda are part of VAG (Volkswagen Automotive Group) so in essence this car is the Volkswagen Polo Blue-Motion, but cheaper and slightly bigger! The slight increase in size means it's heavier so loses out 5.4mpg over it's VAG brothers. But the extra room and smaller cost means it's still a winner.

This is the mark 2 of the Fabia, and is it not a pretty car? It's a Volkswagen, so it's well built and well run for ever.

3. Mini Cooper D 72.4mpg

Mini Cooper D

For the majority of this millenium the Mini Cooper has been a massive success for BMW. It's been one of the coolest cars to own. There small, cute and fun to drive. There maybe some controversy over the looks, and the fact it's more Midi than Mini, yet the sight of one every 30 seconds in any major town or city speaks for itself.

The cooper D has been improved for 2009 and is now part of an very small group of cars to average over 70 mpg. Even with these current diesel prices, that's a lot of mileage for your money!

2. Volkswagen Polo Blue-Motion 74.3mpg

Volkswagen Polo

The Polo is another car that's been around for years and is still very popular. Using the same engine and gear ratios as the Skoda and Seat, this daddy of the small VAG cars is a stunner. Amazing fuel economy, great build quality and VAG reliability make it a great car.

It runs joint top with the Seat (below) yet it sits in position 2 because of it's cost. It might still be popular, but being over £1000 more expensive than the Seat means it's not worthy of the number 1 spot.

1. Seat Ibiza Ecomotive 74.3mpg

Seat Ibiza

Yes, the Seat Ibiza is the most economical car out today. using the same engine as the Polo and Fabia, this small little Spanish car is phenomenal value for money. It's a little over £10000 although they can be had for about £8000 if you look and haggle) and with 74.3mpg it will keep the pounds in the bank.

As with all VAG cars, it's well built, reliable and great fun to drive. The new version has just been launched, and Seat have really outdone themselves with the new model. There popping up everywhere. 2009 will see a great year for Seat judging by this amazing little car.

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Sun, 03 Jul 2011 05:04:00 +0000

Toyota recalls more than 110,000 hybrid cars

Toyota said Wednesday it will recall more than 110,000 hybrid vehicles in the United States, Japan and Europe because of faulty transistors in electrical power control boards.

The US market is the most affected, with the Japaneseauto giant recalling 45,500 units of its Highlander Hybrid and 36,700 Lexus RX 400h vehicles due to "inadequate soldering".

Toyota said certain transistors could be damaged from heat caused by a large current flow during high-load driving due to the defect.

In most cases the vehicle will enter a fail-safe driving mode, resulting in reduced power in which the vehicle can still be driven for short distances. In the worst case the vehicle could stop, Toyota said.

Roughly 3,000 of the same vehicles are also being recalled in Canada, a Toyota spokeswoman told AFP. Toyota is also recalling 11,164 of the same vehicles in Japan for the same defect.

In Europe, the recall will cover roughly 15,000 vehicles, the spokeswoman said. Toyota said it is "working on" obtaining replacement parts and will notify owners when available.

The latest global recall is a another blow for the company struggling to restore its reputation as a quality automaker, having recalled millions of vehicles since 2009 over safety defects and paid US authorities nearly $50 million in penalties.

Toyota earlier this month also had to recall some 139,000 vehicles globally, including 106,000 first-generation Prius hybrid vehicles, because of a problem with the steering system.

Ratings agency Moody's on Tuesday said it had downgraded Toyota and its affiliates by one notch to Aa3, citing concerns for its profitability against a strong yen and materials costs.

It said the ratings remain on review for possible further downgrade.

Toyota had said it expected net profit in this fiscal year to drop 31 percent on-year to $3.5 billion on a strong yen and the effect on production of the March earthquake and tsunami.

The company expects to stage a recovery in the second half as supply problems caused by the earthquake fade

Top 10 best Mechanical Engineering Universities 2011

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Sat, 02 Jul 2011 09:27:00 +0000

Mechanical engineering is the mother of all engineering disciplines. Mass, motion, force, energy, design, and manufacturing – these comprises the world of mechanical engineering. It encompasses the research, design, development, construction and testing of tools, machines and other mechanical equipment. Education from a proper well recognized university, college or school of engineering is vital for all the mechanical engineers due to the highly technical nature of mechanical engineering. According to the ranking of mechanical engineering universities, the top 10 best universities or colleges for mechanical engineering in the year 2011 are MIT, Stanford university, UC Berkeley, University of Cambridge, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Imperial College London, University of Tokyo, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), University of Oxford and National University of Singapore (NUS).

1. MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology):
MechE, MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) is perhaps the most renowned and the top best mechanical engineering university in the world, and is well known for its cutting edge ideas and philosophies on engineering education. When we talk about mechanical engineering then MIT is the best institute for it. Their mechanical engineering department offers three different undergraduate programs, all with specific occupational trajectories in mind and eight different graduate programs, including doctorate of science. MechE attracts and features an extraordinarily rich diversity and quantity of talented individuals, including 400 undergraduates, 500 graduate students and about 75 faculty members.
Website: meche.mit.edu

2. Stanford University:
California’s Stanford University is another high ranked among top 10 best mechanical engineering university in the world. Mechanical engineering at Stanford University is best known all over the world for its entrepreneurially oriented engineering achievements. Department of mechanical engineering at Stanford university offers degrees at bachelor’s, master’s and doctorate levels.
Website: me.stanford.edu

3. University of California, Berkeley (UCB) (UC Berkeley):
According to many reports and world rankings, UC Berkeley is another top mechanical engineering school in the world. In the world ranking of 2011, it stands at third position in the field of mechanical engineering. UCB offers undergraduate as well as graduate programs in the field, with specializations and more focuses in ocean engineering, mechatronics, energy and environment, manufacturing, bioengineering, computation and MEMS and NANO.
Website: me.berkeley.edu

4. University of Cambridge:
University of Cambridge is one of the best mechanical engineering institutes in the world. The University of Cambridge is one of the oldest universities in the world and one of the largest in the United Kingdom. Its reputation for outstanding academic achievement is known world-wide and reflects the intellectual achievement of its students, as well as the world-class original research carried out by the staff of the University and the Colleges. They aim at providing young mechanical engineers with all the analytical, design and computing skills that underpin modern engineering practice, while encouraging the creativity and problem-solving skills that are so important to a good mechanical engineer.
Website: eng.cam.ac.uk

5. California Institute of Technology (Caltech):
California Institute of Technology (caltech) is well known best mechanical engineering university. Mechanical Engineering at Caltech has a century-long record of excellence. It brings together three simple elements: exceptionally talented individuals; an emphasis on fundamentals principles of thermal sciences, fluid and solid mechanics, and mechanical systems; and an atmosphere that inspires one to address the critical technological challenges of the day. their particular interests evolve with time, but their core mission of training the leaders of tomorrow and conducting fundamental research to address major technological roadblocks remains constant. Today, you will find students and faculty working on nanostructured fuel cells, laboratory earthquakes, active ferroelectric materials and devices, neural prosthetics, debris flows, response of structures against accidental explosion, quantum mechanical origins of the strength of materials and genetic algorithms for design.
Website: me.caltech.edu

6. Imperial College London:
Another best college for mechanical engineering in the world is Imperial College London. It remains in the list of top ten mechanical engineering colleges of the world since many years. The Department of Mechanical Engineering at Imperial College London is one of the largest and most advanced departments in mechanical engineering in the UK and across the world. They were the top-rated Department of Mechanical Engineering in the recent Research Assessment Exercise 2008, held by the UK Government. The overall mission of the Department is to deliver world-class scholarship, education and research in Mechanical Engineering, with particular regard to their application in industry, healthcare and commerce. Imperial college offers mechanical degrees at undergraduate, graduate and doctorate levels.
Website: imperial.ac.uk/mechanicalengineering

7. University of Tokyo:
University of Tokyo has a long history of providing best mechanical engineering degrees hence producing highly outstanding and technical mechanical engineers in the world. University of Tokyo offers mechanical engineering degrees at undergraduate as well as graduate level. University of Tokyo is the best engineering university in a country like Japan which is considered to be heart of technology all over the world. Mechanical engineers in Japan are considered to be the best technical innovators. So getting admission in University of Tokyo is like a dream come true for every student.
Website: mech.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/english

8. Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology):
Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) has one of the best Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering. They offer best engineering degrees well recognized all over the world. The Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering educates students for excellence and leadership in science and industry through cutting edge research on an international platform to face the challenges of the Swiss and global society and economy by engineering innovation in its technology fields. Their vision is to Reach and maintain excellence and leadership in fulfilling its mission as recognized (e.g. among the top five departments worldwide) by students, industry, peers and the board of ETH Zurich.
Website: mavt.ethz.ch

9. University of Oxford:
Oxford is the oldest university in the English-speaking world and lays claim to nine centuries of continuous existence. As an internationally renowned centre for teaching and research, Oxford attracts students and scholars from across the globe, with almost a quarter of our students from overseas. More than 130 nationalities are represented among a student population of over 18,000. University of oxford produces world’s best mechanical engineers who are well appreciated and well recognized in all of the industries worldwide. So University of oxford is one of the best mechanical engineering university in the world.
Website: eng.ox.ac.uk

10. National University of Singapore (NUS):
Acknowledged as one of the finest universities in the world, National University of Singapore (NUS) is a comprehensive university offering a broad-based curriculum underscored by multi-disciplinary courses and cross-faculty enrichment. Department of mechanical engineering at National University of Singapore is known to be one of the best in the world. It remains in top ten best mechanical engineering colleges of the world since a long time. Besides undergraduate, a graduate and doctorate degree, NUS also offers mechanical engineering internships for mechanical engineers during summer vacations. These are research based internships for national as well as international students.
Website: me.nus.edu.sg

Animation Of Mechanical Parts

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Fri, 01 Jul 2011 16:24:00 +0000

Lobe Pump Animation

External Gear Pump - Animation

Internal Gear Pump - Animation

Rotary Engine

Also called as Wankel engine is a type of internal combustion engine has a unique design that converts pressure into rotating motion instead of reciprocating pistons

Torpedo-Boat destroyer System

This system is used to destroy fleet in naval military operations

Constant Velocity Joint

This mechanism is used in the front wheel drive cars

Manual Transmission Mechanism

The mechanism also called as “stick shift” is used in cars to change gears mannually.

Change over of gears between 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and reverse.

Maltese Cross Mechanism

This type of mechanism is used in clocks to power the second hand movement

Sewing Machine

Steam engine Principle

Steam engine once used in locomotives was based on the reciprocating principle

Radial Engines

Radial engines are used in aircrafts having propeller connected to the shaft delivering power in order to produce thrust

Top 10 Most Expensive Cars In The World

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Tue, 28 Jun 2011 04:56:00 +0000

1. Bugatti Veyron $1,700,000.
This is by far the most expensive street legal car available on the market today. It is the fastest accelerating car reaching 0-60 in 2.5 seconds. It is also the fastest street legal car when tested again on July 10, 2010 with the 2010 Super Sport Version reaching a top speed of 267 mph. When competing against the Bugatti Veyron, you better be prepared!

2. Lamborghini Reventon $1,600,000.
The most powerful and the most expensive Lamborghini ever built is the second on the list. It takes 3.3 seconds to reach 60 mph and it has a top speed of 211 mph. Its rarity (limited to 20) and slick design are the reasons why it is so expensive and costly to own.

3. McLaren F1 $970,000.
In 1994, the McLaren F1 was the fastest and most expensive car. Even though it was built 15 years ago, it has an unbelievable top speed of 240 mph and reaching 60 mph in 3.2 seconds. Even as of today, the McLaren F1 is still top on the list and it outperformed many other supercars.

4. Ferrari Enzo $670,000.
The most known supercar ever built. The Enzo has a top speed of 217 mph and reaching 60 mph in 3.4 seconds. Only 400 units were produced and it is currently being sold for over $1,000,000 at auctions.

5. Pagani Zonda C12 F $667,321.
Produced by a small independent company in Italy, the Pagani Zonda C12 F is the 5th fastest car in the world. It promises to delivery a top speed of 215 mph+ and it can reach 0-60 in 3.5 seconds.

6. SSC Ultimate Aero $654,400.
Don't let the price tag fool you, the 6th most expensive car is actually the 2nd fastest street legal car in the world with a top speed of 257 mph+ and reaching 0-60 in 2.7 seconds. This baby cost nearly half as much as the Bugatti Veyron, yet has enough power to compete against the most expensive car. It is estimated that only 25 of this exact model will ever be produced.

7. Saleen S7 Twin Turbo $555,000.
The first true American production certified supercar, this cowboy is also rank 3rd for the fastest car in the world. It has a top speed of 248 mph+ and it can reach 0-60 in 3.2 seconds. If you are a true American patriot, you can be proud to show off this car.

8. Koenigsegg CCX $545,568.
Swedish made, the Koenigsegg is fighting hard to become the fastest car in the world. Currently, it is the 4th fastest car in the world with a top speed of 245 mph+, the car manufacture Koenigsegg is not giving up and will continue to try and produce the fastest car. Good luck with that!

9. Mercedes Benz SLR McLaren Roadster $495,000.
A GT supercar, the SLR McLaren is the fastest automatic transmission car in the world with a top speed of 206 mph+ and reaching 60 mph in 3.8 seconds. It is a luxurious convertible with a really powerful engine, which results in outstanding performances and style.

10. Porsche Carrera GT $440,000.
A supercar with dynamic stability control and a top speed of 205 mph+ and it can reach 0-60 in 3.9 seconds. The Porsche Carrera GT applies the absolute calibers of a true racing car to offer an unprecedented driving feeling on the road.

10 Top Selling Hybrid Cars

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Wed, 11 May 2011 05:44:00 +0000

AP Photo/General Motors
The Hybrid badge of a 2009 Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid.

Will the Silverado Hybrid make the top-seller list?

Sure, gas prices are low now, but in the summer of 2008, when gas prices hit upwards of $4 a gallon, it scared a lot of drivers. Suddenly, green driving was all the rage and consumers tried eco-friendly driving. Some even switched to the most fuel-efficient car models they could find, and of course, they searched for as much hybrid car information as they could get their hands on, too.

Hybrid cars and trucks use an electric motor to power the car when the gasoline engine isn't necessary. That allows the internal combustion engine to shut off, saving gas. Because of those savings, hybrid cars have become increasingly popular. And hybrids aren't just for granola-crunching hippies anymore, either -- luxury car makers have gotten into the game.Keep reading to see which hybrids were the most popular in 2008.

10: Cadillac Escalade Hybrid

AP Photo/Keystone, Martial Trezzini
Cadillac's Escalade Hybrid

When Santonio Holmes won the MVP Award for Super Bowl XLIII, he clearly had green driving on his mind. MVP winners are allowed to choose any car from Cadillac's lineup, and Holmes chose the Cadillac Escalade Hybrid.

In 2008, 801 buyers opted for the car that proves going green doesn't mean you have to sacrifice bling. The Escalade Hybrid combines a V-8 engine, seating for up to eight passengers, high-tech interior features and towing ability with a 25 percent improvement in fuel economy compared to the standard Escalade. While the Escalade Hybrid's size prevents it from getting the same fuel economy as smaller hybrids, it allows buyers who need lots of space and utility, and those who want lots of luxury, to make a slightly greener choice.

9: Lexus LS600h

AP Photo/Jerry Lai
The Lexus LS600h

Of course, there are plenty of car buyers who want a luxury hybrid without having to drive a large SUV like the Escalade. In 2008, 980 people purchased the Lexus LS600h, the largest and most luxurious hybrid car produced by Toyota Motor Corp., Lexus' parent company.

With a manufacturer suggested retail price (MSRP) that starts above $100,000, the LS600h obviously isn't for people who are looking to save a little cash on gas. In fact, the LS600h only gets an EPA-estimated 20 MPG (8.5 kilometers per liter) in the city and 22 MPG (9.35 kilometers per liter) on the highway. The LS600h is an interesting hybrid because the electric motor not only can power the car at slow speeds to save gas, it can also provide a power boost to the gas engine. That makes the Lexus LS600h the hybrid of choice for well-heeled buyers looking to add a little thrill to their green driving.

8: Chevrolet Tahoe Hybrid and GMC Yukon Hybrid

AP Photo/David Zalubowski
A GMC Yukon Hybrid

The Chevrolet Tahoe and GMC Yukon Hybrids offer the same capabilities and seating as the Cadillac Escalade hybrid. However, with much lower price tags, it's not hard to see why 5,876 buyers went for the Tahoe and Yukon in 2008, compared to the 801 buyers who chose the Escalade Hybrid.

But the Tahoe and Yukon Hybrids aren't just pale imitations of the Escalade. The Tahoe Hybrid was named the 2008 Green Car of the Year by the Green Car Journal, giving it some green street-cred. Like the Escalade Hybrid, the Tahoe and Yukon Hybrids' size prevents them from getting great fuel economy, but for people who need to tow heavy loads or haul lots of people, the extra miles per gallon, not matter how small, is a big benefit.

7: Nissan Altima Hybrid

AP Photo/Shizuo Kambayashi
A Nissan Altima Hybrid

Nissan is often seen as an "also-ran" competitor when compared to Toyota and Honda, the Godzillas of Japanese automakers. But for buyers who want a little more performance from their family sedan, the Nissan Altima has long been the car of choice. The Nissan Altima Hybrid now lets drivers pass the gas station in addition to passing other cars on the road.

In 2008, Nissan sold 8,819 Altima Hybrids. While those sales numbers aren't as high as sales for hybrids from Honda or Toyota, what makes the Altima Hybrid's sales impressive is that it's only available in eight states. If Nissan sold the Altima Hybrid in more areas, sales, and Nissan's reputation for eco-friendly driving, might be a bit higher.

6: Lexus RX 400h

AP Photo/Paul Sancya
A Lexus RX 400h hybrid cutout display is shown during media previews at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit, Mich.

The sixth best selling hybrid in the U.S. for 2008 is another luxury model, and another Lexus. More than 15,000 Lexus RX 400h hybrid SUVs were sold in 2008 -- almost twice the number of the Nissan Altima Hybrid, the next most-bought hybrid in America.

The Lexus RX 400h appeals to buyers looking for Lexus luxury and reliability, SUV practicality, and reduced oil use and carbon emissions. It's also popular because, fuel economy aside, its performance is decidedly unhybrid-like. It accelerates strongly, handles well and wraps passengers in a tech-heavy cocoon of luxury. The only downside to the RX400h is its high sticker price: It starts at about $42,000.

5: Toyota Highlander Hybrid

AP Photo/Mark Lennihan
A Toyota Highlander Hybrid

Some people want to have it all: a car that uses less gas but is still capable of handling all of the people and stuff you need to haul. The Toyota Highlander Hybrid is one of those vehicles that does just that.

The Highlander Hybrid is a midsize hybrid SUV, which means it seats seven and has plenty of cargo space for luggage, sports equipment or pets. It's also fairly rugged; while it wouldn't be most people's first choice for an off-road machine, it can handle foul weather and dirt roads with no problem. When you add a hybrid power train that give drivers a 37 percent improvement in city fuel economy, you get a machine that really earns its spot as the 5th best selling hybrid in America.

4: Ford Escape and Mercury Mariner Hybrids

AP Photo/Ben Margot
A Ford Escape Hybrid

Even though General Motors has three hybrids on this top 10 list, Ford is the only domestic automaker with hybrids listed in the top five. Together, the Ford Escape and Mercury Mariner Hybrids are the fourth best selling hybrid vehicles of 2008. The two models are fairly similar. Both are compact SUVs that seat five and are almost mechanically identical.

In 2008, Ford sold nearly 20,000 of the Escape and Mariner Hybrids as buyers opted for all the convenience and capabilities of a small SUV, but with the added boost of improved gas mileage and decreased emissions. As Ford starts to roll out more hybrids, including the well-reviewed Ford Fusion Hybrid, the Escape and Mariner Hybrids seem to be a good platform to build on.

3: Honda Civic Hybrid

AP Photo/Gurinder Osan
The Honda Civic Hybrid

The Honda Civic Hybrid has the distinction of being one of the most affordable hybrids out of the top 10 best selling hybrids in America. The Civic Hybrid is nearly indistinguishable from the conventional Civic, except for its powertrain.

Buyers snapped up more than 31,000 Honda Civic Hybrids in 2008. Not only is it an economical choice for green drivers, but the Civic Hybrid retains a lot of the fun-to-drive characteristics of the conventional Civic. The Civic Hybrid handles well, accelerates with some oomph and has Honda's bulletproof reputation for reliability. But the Civic Hybrid won't be the cheap kid on the block for long. In April of 2009, Honda will reintroduce the Honda Insight, a midsized hybrid that will likely be priced less than the Civic Hybrid.

2: Toyota Camry Hybrid

AP Photo/ James Crisp
A Toyota Camry Hybrid

When it comes to hybrid sales, Toyota is king. And while Toyota is well known for its Prius hybrid, the second-best selling hybrid of 2008 is the Toyota Camry Hybrid. In fact, Toyota sold more than 46,000 of them in 2008.

While the Prius is known for its distinctive shape, the Camry Hybrid flies under the radar. On the outside, only a hybrid badge separates it from the conventional Camry. Under the hood, however, the Camry Hybrid manages to get an extra 12 miles per gallon (5.1 kilometers per gallon) in the city compared to the standard Camry, and a 26 percent improvement in fuel economy overall. The Camry Hybrid is another one of those "have everything" hybrids. In addition to the eco-friendly ride, buyers get a comfortable passenger cabin and good performance, too. All reasons that explain the Camry Hybrid's popularity.

1: Toyota Prius Hybrid

AP Photo/Itsuo Inouye
A Toyota Prius Hybrid

The Toyota Prius may not be as large as the Cadillac Escalade Hybrid, but when it comes to hybrid sales, the Prius is a juggernaut. In 2008, Toyota sold 158,886 Prius hatchbacks. That's more vehicles than the rest of this 10 best selling hybrids list combined.

The Prius has long been the most successful hybrid on the market. Not only does it have excellent fuel economy, but buyers love its exterior design, which has become the de facto shape of a hybrid in most people's minds. The Prius is slatted for a redesign in 2010 and Toyota is pulling out all the stops: not only will fuel economy improve, but the car will be larger and more comfortable, feature solar panels on the roof (to power interior accessories), and be built in America.

While you can never say for sure what a redesign will do for a car, the buzz building around the Prius is that it will continue to dominate the hybrid market for years to come.

cars

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Wed, 23 Mar 2011 17:17:00 +0000

Ninja Wallpapers

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Tue, 22 Mar 2011 10:43:00 +0000

Ferrai wallpapers

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Tue, 22 Mar 2011 10:24:00 +0000

Mechanical pics

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Tue, 22 Mar 2011 10:08:00 +0000

Compressed Air Engine

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Fri, 18 Mar 2011 17:50:00 +0000

Abstract

The fist compressed air vehicles were built by Andraud and Tessié du Motay in
Paris between 1838 and 1840. Since then the idea has been tried again and
again, but has never reached commercialization. In recent years the French
developer MDI has demonstrated advanced compressed air vehicles. However,
the claimed performance has been questioned by car manufacturers and
automobile expert. Basically, when referred to ambient conditions, the relatively
low energy content of the compressed air in a tank of acceptable volume is
claimed to be insufficient to move even small cars over meaningful distances.
On the other hand, another air car developer claims to have driven 184 km on
one 300 Liter filled with air at initially 300 bar pressure. Obviously, there are
issues to be resolved, not by heated debates, but by an analysis of the
thermodynamic processes involved. This is the aim of this study.
The results indicate that both sides are correct. At 20°C a 300 Liter tank filled
with air at 300 bar carries 51 MJ of energy. Under ideal reversible isothermal
conditions, this energy could be entirely converted to mechanical work.
However, under isentropic conditions (no heat is exchanged with the
environment) not more than 25 MJ become useful. By multi-stage expansion
with inter-stage heating the expansion process is brought closer to the
isothermal ideal.
The analysis is extended to the compression of air. Again, the ideal isothermal
compression is approached by multi-stage processes with inter-cooling. By this
approach energy demand for compression is reduced to acceptable levels and
system pressure and temperature are kept within safe limits.
The results of this analysis seem to indicate that the efficiency of the four-stage
expansion process is acceptable, while even a four-stage air compression with
inter-cooling is associated with significant losses. However, the overall energy
utilization could be increased if the waste heat generated during the air
compression process would be used for domestic water and space heating.
It seems that there is some justification for continuing the development of
compressed air cars. However, it would be useful to establish the performance
of such vehicles by an endurance race under controlled conditions
in the presence of the general public

1. Introduction:

The air flow of a compressed air car is schematically shown in Figure 1. The
following two questions need to be answered.

Question A

How much compression energy is needed to fill the tank with air at final

pressure (300 bar = 30 MPa), but ambient temperature (20°C = 293.15K)?

The compression process is treated as polytropic change of state. The

compression from the initial air volume V1 to the final tank volume V2 = V3 is

followed by heat removal at constant tank volume V3 from (p2,T2) to (p3,T3=T1),

i.e. back to the original ambient temperature T1. The final conditions (p3,T3=T1)

can also be reached by an ideal isothermal compression from (p1,V1). The

technical work input by isothermal compression Wt13 is equal to the final energy

content of the tank irrespective of the chosen path of polytropic compression

and isochoric cooling. The energy input is related to the thermodynamics of the

compression process. The lower limit is obtained for isothermal, the upper for

isentropic compression while polytropic case are located between the two.

Question B

How much mechanical energy can be recovered by expanding the compressed

air in an air motor?

The expansion from (p3,T3=T1) to (p4=p1, T4<T1) is also considered to be

polytropic. For an ideal isothermal expansion the entire reversible isothermal

technical work input Wt13 could be recovered by a reversible process. However,

in reality less energy is converted to technical work by the real expansion.

Again, the polytropic process is worse than an isothermal, but better than an

isentropic expansion.

After the extraction of expansion work the air is exhausted at low temperatures.

In an overall energy balance the heat taken from the ambient to restore initial air

temperatures is less than the heat released during air compression because of

the non-ideal processes involved.

There are technical options for compression and expansion. The following

analysis will suggest useful clues for the design of a compression-expansion

system for air cars with acceptable driving performance that make good use of

the electric energy needed to compress the air.

2. Reference Conditions

Reference conditions:

Normal pressure p0 = 760 mmHg = 1.01325 bar = 0.101325 MPa

Normal temperature T0 = 0°C = 273.15 K

Air density at NTP ρ0 = 1.2922 kg/m3

Initial conditions ("1"):

Ambient temperature T1 = 20°C = 293.15K

Ambient pressure p1 = 1 bar = 0.1 MPa

Air density ρ1 = 1.1883 kg/m3

Original air volume V1 = V3 * p3/p1 = 90 m3 (before compression)

Mass of air m1 = V1 * ρ1 = 106.95 kg

Final conditions inside filled tank ("3"):

Tank volume V3 = 300 Liter = 0.3 m3

Air temperature T3 = T1 = 20°C = 293.15 K

Pressure in air tank p3 = 300 bar = 30 MPa

Air density ρ3 = 356.49 kg/m3

Mass of compressed air m3 = V3 * ρ3 = 106.95 kg = m1 (check)

Final conditions after expansion ("4"):

Air pressure p4 = 1 bar = 0.1 MPa

3. Air Compression
Three compression processes are illustrated in a pressure-volume diagram
(Figures 2) and a temperature-entropy diagram (Figure 3). Both presentations
are commonly used for thermodynamic analyses.

3. Isothermal Compression

During the idealized reversible isothermal compression process the temperature

is considered to remain unchanged. The initial temperature T1 is also the final

temperature T3. All compression heat must be removed during the compression

process by heat exchange with the environment (e.g. by transfer to a colder

medium). In reality this is impossible for practical system designs.

The technical work required for filling the tank with air from (p1,T1) to (p3,T3=T1)

under isothermal conditions is

Wt13 = W13 = p1 * V1 * ln(p3/p1)

= p1 * V1 * ln(V1/V3) (1)

4. Polytropic Compression Followed by Isochoric Cooling

The polytropic change of state follows the isentropic laws. However, the

isentropic coefficient (γ = 1.4 for air) is replaced by a polytropic coefficient n.

The value of the coefficient n may vary between 1.4 for isentropic and 1.0 for

isothermal expansions. Air is treated as an ideal gas.

In the isentropic case, no heat is neither exchanged with the environment nor

generated internally by friction or poor aerodynamics, while in the polytropic

case some heat is exchanged with the environment or available form internal

friction losses. The isothermal case is the second idealized limit for real

compression or expansion processes. However, a polytropic compression

process is always associated with an increase of entropy as seen in the T-s-

Diagram (Figure 3).

The technical work required for polytropic air compression from initial (p1,V1) to

final (p2,V2) with V2 = V3 is given by the following equation:

Wt12 = m * cp * (T2 – T1)

= p1 * V1 * n/(n-1) * [(V1/V3)^(n -1) – 1] (2)

The intermediate pressure p2 and temperature T2 are obtained from

p2 = p1 *(V1/V3)^n (3)

and T2 = T1 * (V1/V3)^[(n-1)/n] (4)

Finally, a thermodynamic efficiency of compression can be defined as the ratio

of useful energy in the tank to the total technical work required to fill the tank

with compressed air.

ηth = Wt13 / Wt12 (5)

The following significant results are obtained for different polytropic coefficients:

The results clearly indicate that the compression has to proceed close to the

isothermal limit. Low energy input, reasonable temperatures and acceptable

efficiencies cannot be obtained under isentropic conditions. The problems are

solved with multi-stage compression and air cooling between stages. The

analysis does not include real gas effects and mechanical or electrical losses.

5. Four-Stage Compression

A four-stage compression process is now analyzed. Heat is removed by three

intercoolers between stages 1 to 4 and between the final stage and the tank.

The polytropic compression process is started with air under normal conditions

(p1 = 1bar, T1 = 20°C). For all following stages the inlet air temperature is

assumed to be cooled to 20°C. In practice, this can only be accomplished by

heat transfer to a cold medium.

Second Generation High Voltage Battery Stack Monitor

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Sun, 27 Feb 2011 15:00:00 +0000

For hybrid/electric vehicle battery management systems.

Design News Staff -- Design News, February 25, 2011

Linear Technology's LTC 6803 is a second generation high voltage battery monitor for hybrid/electric vehicle (HEVs), electric vehicles (EVs) and other high voltage, high performance battery systems. The LTC6803 is a complete battery measuring IC that includes a 12-bit ADC, a precision voltage reference, a high voltage input multiplexer and a serial interface. Each LTC6803 can measure up to 12 individual battery cells in series. The device's proprietary design enables multiple LTC6803s to be stacked in series without optocouplers or isolators, permitting precision voltage monitoring of every cell in long strings of series-connected batteries. The LTC6803 follows the LTC6802 with the same functionality and pinout, plus a number of significant performance enhancements.

The maximum total measurement error of the LTC6803 is guaranteed to be less than 0.25 percent from -40 to 125C. The LTC6803 offers an extended cell measurement range from -300mV to 5V, enabling the LTC6803 to monitor a wide range of battery chemistries, as well as supercapacitors. Each cell is monitored for undervoltage and overvoltage conditions, and an associated MOSFET is available to discharge overcharged cells. Added functionality is provided by an onboard 5V regulator, temperature sensor, GPIO lines and thermistor inputs.

For long-term battery pack storage, the current consumed by the integrated BMS can potentially unbalance the cells. The LTC6803 addresses this concern with a standby mode that draws less than 12uA. The power input of the LTC6803 is isolated from the stack, allowing the LTC6803 to draw current from an independent source. When powering from this input, the current draw on the pack is reduced to less than 1ÂµA.

Smarter Sensors

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Sun, 27 Feb 2011 14:54:00 +0000

New breed of sensors incorporates 32-bit processor on board.

Charles J. Murray, Senior Technical Editor, Electronics &Test -- Design News, February 24, 2011

Electronic products ranging from mobile phones to fitness monitors may soon be smarter than ever. Thanks to sensors with onboard intelligence, those products will be able to "think" as never before, gathering data and then using it to reach conclusions - not just about the information gleaned from a single sensor - but about the world around them.

Onboard intelligence will help sensors integrate tilt, heading and orientation information. Source: Freescale Semiconductor
Click here for larger image.

For the electronics industry, the new breed of sensors represents a small revolution of sorts. Freescale Semiconductor, a component supplier that's just now bringing the technology to market, says that the micro-machined smart sensors could enable everyday products - such as automotive airbags or iPhones - to put their knowledge into context.

"More and more, it's not just about taking in the data from a single element, but about understanding everything around you," says Wayne Chavez, operations manager for consumer and industrial sensors at Freescale. "Whether it's altimetry, directional heading, or just the pace that you're walking, all these things are measurable. And all of them can be put into the context of your surroundings."

This "contextual" sensing represents a stark departure from the embedded computing that's gone on up to now. The reason: Most of today's sensors are dumb; they take an analog pressure or temperature reading and send it off to a microcontroller, which does the thinking.

Freescale believes there are profound advantages to be realized by changing that scenario. That's why the company has invested in the development of a two-level sensor - a MEMS sensor chip, such as an accelerometer, stacked atop an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) incorporating a microcontroller. In this embodiment, the CMOS-based ASIC chip houses the brains, as well as an interface to an I²C communications databus. During operation, it takes the analog signal from the sensor chip above it, then using information that's available from the databus, begins to put the information into a larger context.

The advantages are not only that the "thinking" takes place on board the sensor, but that the sensor offloads computing chores from the main CPU and saves power in the bargain. The configuration is especially enticing to designers of smart phones, who now must integrate readings from GPS systems, pressure sensors, accelerometers and a half-dozen other sources.

"Today, all of this data comes into the phone and the question becomes, how do you manage it all?" Chavez asks. "You could manage it with your applications processor and be interrupted every time you receive a pressure sensor reading, magnetometer reading or gyroscope reading. Or you could put the intelligence on the sensor."

Contextual sensing could help vehicles to selectively fire driver, passenger and curtain airbags. Source: Freescale Semiconductor

New Frontier of Applications
Freescale engineers cite the automotive airbag as a product that could benefit from contextual intelligence. Airbags, which do an exceptional job of being available when called upon, are nevertheless known to have rare inadvertent deployments - or worse, no deployment when needed. Most such situations occur when the integrity of a sensor signal is breeched, causing the controller to inappropriately disable or enable a bag.

But Freescale believes it can reduce or eliminate those situations by building self-diagnostics into the sensor. "We're reaching the point where we can check ourselves, more often and in real time, to better understand the integrity of a measurement," says Jim Grothe, marketing manager for Freescale's MEMS Automotive Business. With smart sensors, Grothe says, airbag modules would be unlikely to make wrong decisions based on a single-point, faulty sensor measurement.

Moreover, smart sensors could enable airbag systems to be more selective. By communicating with one another and understanding the nature of a particular crash, the airbag system might be more able to turn on and off the appropriate bags, thereby saving on replacement costs. "If you have a front-end crash, you might only want the front airbag to deploy," Grothe says. "If you have a rollover and there's no frontal impact, maybe you don't want that front bag to deploy."

Nowhere, however, are the advantages of smart sensors more evident than in the new breed of mobile phones. There, the proliferation of applications is growing so fast that many engineers are hard-pressed to keep up with them. Many phones now incorporate accelerometers for gesture recognition, magnetometers for heading information, GPS for location, gyroscopes for game play and even pressure sensors that serve as barometers, helping users transform their phones into mini-weather stations.

Smart sensors become especially important in such products because the applications are often interdependent. To accurately measure a magnetic field vector, for example, the phone must know its own orientation - that is, if the user is tilting it up or down, or holding it sideways.

"The three-axis accelerometer becomes critical for making other measurements," Chavez says. "No matter how you hold your handheld device, you have an orientation based on gravity, and that has to be used to auto-correct the measurement that describes your heading."

Freescale’s MMA9550L MEMS sensor includes a 32-bit processor and databus connectivity. Soon the company hopes to add a gyroscope, pressure sensor, touch sensor and magnetometer in a single sensor package. Source: Freescale Semiconductor
Click here for larger image.

Freescale says it's ready for such complex applications. In June, the company rolled out a MEMS-based accelerometer called the MMA9550L, which incorporates a ColdFire 32-bit processor, along with databus connectivity and power management in a 3 x 3 x 1 mm package. More recently, it has introduced a magnetometer-based sensor, along with software solutions for gesture recognition systems and pedometers, to its Xtrinsic line of sensors. Ultimately, the company's engineers say they will pack a gyroscope, pressure sensor, touch sensor and magnetic sensor in a 5 x 5 x 1 mm package, along with the accelerometer and processor.

The company's engineers believe the idea of a sensor with onboard intelligence will grow and creep into new applications, including monitors for fitness, home heath and onboard tire pressure, as well as e-book readers and tablet computers.

"There are still going to be some applications that will still use traditional sensors," Chavez says. "But for these sensors, the frontier is wide open to discovery."

Research in Mechanical engineering

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Sun, 27 Feb 2011 14:50:00 +0000

Thermal Science:

State-of-the-art computational and experimental facilities are used in fundamental studies and applications of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer. Professors Bonazza, Corradini, Farrell,Foster, Ghandhi, Klein, Martin, Moskwa, Nellis, Pfefferkorn, Pfotenhauer, Reindl, Reitz, Rutland, Sanders, Shedd.

Dynamics Vibrations and Acoustics:

Analytical, numerical and experimental methods applied to the characterization of mechanical components, structures, systems and materials. These activities intimately support product development, safety, weight minimization and component optimization for aerospace, automotive, electronics and general manufacturing. Current areas of emphasis include stress, strain and deformation analysis; modeling, testing and verification of kinematics and dynamic systems; applied finite elements; plate, shell, and pressure vessel characterization; composites; micromechanical design and analysis; photomechanics and optical techniques, and multi body problems. Professors Engelstad,Lovell, Rowlands, Uicker.

Mechatronics, Robotics and Automation:

Mechatronics, Robotics and Automation research is conducted in a variety of areas by Professors Duffie, Ferrier, Lorenz, Uicker.

Design and Manufacturing:

Design and Manufacturing activities include the design and manufacturing of machines, systems, products, mechanisms and process. Professors DeVries, Fronczak, Li, Kou, Moskwa, Pfefferkorn, Shapiro, Shkel, Straub, Suresh, Uicker, Veeramani.

Polymer Engineering:

The Polymer Engineering Center focuses on advancing technologies for a wide range of polymer and polymeric composite manufacturing processes. Professors Ferrier, Giacomin, Li, Osswald, Rowlands, Shkel, Turng.

Biomechanical Engineering:

Development of fundamental and applied engineering knowledge related to biomechanical systems, and the application of engineering expertise towards the design and development of leading-edge rehabilitative, assistive, and adaptive technologies that allow those with disabilities to achieve greater independence. Professors Beebe, Chesler, Ferrier, Fronczak, Gruben, Martin, Ploeg, Thelen.

Biomechanics
Musculoskeletal Research Lab:
- Bone and Joint Group
- Neuromuscular Biomechanics
UW-CREATe

Computer Aided Engineering:

The primary thrust of Computer-Aided Engineering research is to develop mathematically sound theories, computationally efficient algorithms, and next generation tools for modeling, design, and simulation of a wide range of engineering artifacts and processes. Focus areas include mechanical, micro/nano-mechanical, electro-mechanical, thermal, fluid, and other multi-disciplinary and multi-scale systems. Professors Engelstad, Shapiro, Suresh, Turng, Uicker.

Revaluation Results for UG/PG Examinations-Anna university

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Sun, 27 Feb 2011 02:17:00 +0000

Anna University
Controller of Examinations
Revaluation Results for UG/PG Examinations - Dec 2010 Finally Anna university released the UG/PG Revaluation Rsults 2011 at 26-feb click the below link to goto Anna University Revaluation Results 2011 (For Mark System) http://result.annauniv.edu/result/revre09.html (For Grade System) http://result.annauniv.edu/result/reviewgr.html (For more Goto) http://result.annauniv.edu

Complete Guide on Car Engines

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Wed, 02 Feb 2011 14:43:00 +0000

http://www.indiaeveryday.in/

Complete Guide on Car Engines

Whenever purchasing a car, you would almost always hear of stuffs like “2.0 liter V-6”, “four-stroke inline”, “fuel injection” etc. These all points to your car’s engine and this article will give you a basic knowledge of how your car’s engine works.

Basic Definition of Car Engines

Car engines are internal combustion engines and they work by converting gasoline into mechanical energy (motion). In order to create mechanical energy, car engines needs to combust (explode) gasoline in a closed chamber to push of a mechanical part (piston) down and up. The up and down motion of the piston creates a circular motion in the crankshaft via the connecting rods. This is more clearly seen in the animated picture above.
Car engines are actually simple but ingenious in design. Almost all car engines today are four-stroke engines. This means that there are four stages on how an engine transforms gasoline into mechanical energy. These stages are the intake, compression, combustion and exhaust. Each stroke (stage) is a representation of the upward or downward movement of the pistons inside the chamber of the engine. We all know that gasoline lights up when ignited. Now in order for gasoline to combust (explode), it needs to be mixed with oxygen (air) then compressed before being ignited. The by-product or the exhaust then needs to be released. These all happens in the four strokes (stages) of your engine.

Four Strokes of an Engine

Intake Stroke – This is where the position of the piston inside the chamber is lowest. As the piston moves down to it’s lowest point, gasoline and oxygen (air) is introduced inside the chamber. Most of today’s car engines introduce gasoline through a needle like system called fuel injection. This enables for a more controlled and accurate mixture of fuel and air inside the chamber and increases the efficiency (miles per gallon) of your car.
Compression Stroke – After the fuel-air mixture is introduced inside the chamber, the piston now moves upwards (by the force of the combustion). This compresses the mixture of fuel and air inside the chamber to a point where it can be combusted.
Combustion Stroke – As the piston reaches the topmost part of the chamber (also known as the Top Dead Center or TDC) spark kicks in to ignite the compressed air-fuel mixture. The spark is generated by the spark plug in gasoline engines or by the glow plug in diesel engines. The force of the combustion pushes the pistons downwards and is converted into a circular motion by the connection of the connection rods to the crankshaft. The circular motion of the crankshaft is the actual mechanical part, which makes the wheels (and other mechanical systems) turn.
Exhaust Stroke – After the air-fuel mixture combust and the pistons pushed downward, the chamber is now filled with exhaust (the by-product of the air-fuel combustion). As the piston again reaches it’s lowest point, the energy of the combustion of air-fuel mixture is still in the piston and the only way for it to move is upward. At this point, a second valve is opened to let the exhaust escape the chamber as the piston moves upward.

The liters and the V’s

The liters that you always see or hear when buying are actually the amount of space in all piston chambers of your car’s engine. A bigger chamber of course would mean more air-fuel mixture could be combusted. More air-fuel combustion means bigger explosion and bigger explosion means more power.
The letter V that you see, which is usually beside the number of liters, refers to the type of engine. There are three types of engines used today; these are the inline, V’s and flat. To distinguish these types of engines, refer to the pictures below.

noreply@blogger.com (Toxic Rajesh) — Wed, 02 Feb 2011 14:40:00 +0000

Building the Little Dragon

In 1950, the magazine Model Airplane News published a two part article describing a simple 0.06 cuin engine for home construction called the Little Dragon. The designer and author was Roy Clough Jr. Roy appears to have been the man called on when something out of the ordinary was required; engines, free-flight helicopters and ducted-fan designs, Roy did them all. His concept for the project was that is should be:

"..a project any amateur machinist can tackle with full confidence of good results. It does not require any special tools, special talents, or extreme precision. A large part of the total time spent in developing the design was devoted to eliminating awkward machining jobs, delicate operations, and tricky assemblies. If the reader owns a small lathe and can center a piece of stock with 1/64", he need have no qualms about being able to turn out the job."

Roy's design was the basis for a number of derivative designs. Taking the Little Dragon as his starting point, Tom Crompton developed a series of simple glow and diesel engines which he called the EZE. The appeared in the English magazine Model Engine World. Further detail on these is available on the EZE Construction Pages of this web site.
Having been asked to develop a simple engine for home construction on minimal equipment for Model Engine Builder magazine, I began examining the features other designers had adopted in this same quest. Naturally, the LD was one of the engines considered. Knowing that readers of the Model Engine News Web Magazine would find descriptions of the types examined of interest, my thoughts were collected and placed on a page titled Design for Beginners page.
Although I had no pre-existing bias against the design, as I began to look closely at it, I found a number of aspects that I questioned in a beginners' engine design (click here to read what I objected to). Having published this, I found my criticisms of the design were weighing heavily on my mind, although I did not retract from them. There was obviously only one answer: build an example of the engine as close as possible to the published plans and see if the things I envisioned as problems were real of imagined.
The pages referenced show the machining of all components in considerable detail. They were built from my own CAD plans drawn to the original design. Registered Members of Model Engine News (ie, those who have bought the MEN Only CD) may download these plans from the Members Only Area.

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