Metametrix Institute

IgA: The “I” Stands for Interesting!

institute.nospam@nospam.metametrix.com (kfitzgerald) — Wed, 24 Jun 2009 09:20:00 -0400

As an integrative clinician, I routinely evaluate my patients for gluten sensitivity (GS). A subset of these individuals have celiac disease, which may be diagnosed with reasonable certainty looking at genes and a celiac panel; but today, I am talking about the broader net of reactions termed gluten sensitivity. GS seems to be rampant, and the removal of gluten from many people’s diets can yield significant clinical improvement. A good portion of individuals have extra-intestinal complaints: think psoriatic arthritis, fibromyalgia, migraines, depression, PMS and on. GI issues may be present, but are not always there. I consulted on a case involving occasional, unexplained ataxic episodes. Gluten? There is evidence in the literature. I would certainly not ruled it out. If I receive an update, I will post it here.

My assessment may include looking at genetic predisposition (HLA DQ2 and DQ3), a serum celiac panel including IgA tissue transglutaminase (TTG) and IgA antigliadin antibodies (AGA), along with a total serum IgA. Given the high prevalence of genetic IgA deficiency (about 10% of the population), a total IgA is important. An IgG4 may also be good; but today I am just talking about IgA.

My favorite initial screening test for GS is a stool IgA deaminated AGA. (AGA is not diagnostic of celiac, hence the term “screening”.) Indeed, I like the whole Metametrix profile, because I can –and often do—indentify gluten sensitivity and possible sequelae, including fat malabsorption and pancreatic insufficiency. I may see this even in individuals without major GI complaints. Evidence of microbiota imbalance is also common.

Stool as a specimen appears to be more sensitive for IgA AGA than serum. I prefer it because anecdotally, I see more positive results that correlate with clinical symptomology.

Why is that?

This question became an itch for me that demanded some scratching, and is the focus of my blog. Forgive the long introduction.

Understanding the basics of IgA immunology helped piece together a working hypotheses.

IgA is the dominant antibody in mucosal secretions- it is a first-line responder to exogenous invaders-- including foods to which we might react. IgA has two subclasses: IgA1 and IgA2. Mucosal IgA is primarily a heterodimeric polymer. Polymeric mucosal IgA is linked to a secretory glycoprotein, giving IgA its famous “secretory” or sIgA designation.

Serum IgA is primarily monomeric- very little is GI-derived sIgA. The bulk of serum IgA is produced in the bone marrow.

I believe the different origin of the IgA may in part explain why stool could be more sensitive than serum. Also: serum may become positive only after enough intestinal damage permits entry of the IgA AGA antigen/antibody complex into systemic circulation.

Consider this: The lower GI contains mainly sIgA2; the saliva and upper GI contain about 30-40% sIgA2; the balance being sIgA1. Serum is >85% IgA1 (non-secretory). These differences could impact specimen choice (be they stool, saliva or serum) as well.

Being a first-line responder, then, it stands to reason that stool sIgA2 may rise in response to gluten exposure sooner than humorally- produced IgA1.

How about saliva, could it be different than stool? I believe the answer is “yes”, particularly if there are subclass deficiencies. In such a case, one would choose a profile with enough of the appropriate subclass. I did note (in a cursory search) one paper that found lower salivary sIgA1 in celiac patients as compared to controls and IBD patients. They did not look at sIgA2 in that particular paper.

Regardless of which assay will be determined to be most sensitive for identifying AGA, one this is sure: IgA is fabulous. Indeed, it’s intestinal IgA that builds commensal biofilms to combat opportunistic or pathogenic biofilms. And I’d image these fabulous biofilms protect the mucosa from gluten pathogenesis. Viva la commensal biofilms!

This is a broad and complex topic, as I found out. I have barely touched the surface of what is known. And from what I understand, much still remains unknown about IgA.

Any thoughts?

Cross-reactivity in allergic responses

institute.nospam@nospam.metametrix.com (rslord) — Mon, 22 Jun 2009 14:16:00 -0400

A colleague circulated this enlightening report on mechanisms that connect different types of allergic responses: Bonds RS, Midoro-Horiuti T, Goldblum R. A structural basis for food allergy: the role of cross-reactivity. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. Feb 2008;8(1):82-86.

These Texans (University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas) provide a welcome new perspective on how IgE antibodies can get confused between primary air-borne allergens and food macromolecules. I had not heard previously of “lipid transfer proteins” or “cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs)” that seem to be in many foods and are considered to be so prevalent that virtually everyone has regular exposures to them (panallergens).

Also fascinating, is the prospect of predicting cross reactivity by protein primary sequences (Pfams) and conformational epitopes. These approaches use the huge databases of amino acid sequences and the three dimensional conformational domains that they form to find foods that are likely to react with IgE induced by other types of antigens.

Such studies are a largely unheralded application of molecular biology. They may bring us closer to advising patients to avoid groups of apparently unrelated foods when laboratory testing shows reactivity to single foods like eggs or peanuts, or even reactivity to other types of allergen, like inhaled cat dander or ragweed pollen. The immune system “sees all” and “knows all” when it comes to foreign stuff entering the body.

Having Trouble Deciding Which Test to Run? Let me help...

institute.nospam@nospam.metametrix.com (ebralley) — Wed, 17 Jun 2009 14:04:00 -0400

Frequently I am posed with the question, “Which lab test should I order for my patient?” I know it can become daunting when faced with the task of decision making while looking at a test menu that is quite extensive. Hmmm, well fatty acids are important for us, oh, and what about vitamins and minerals? The patient seems toxic, should I look for heavy metals? Or, what about her fatigue, depression or migraines, does that mean I should address amino acids deficiencies or food sensitivities?

Now, if money were no object, all of the above would cast the widest net and allow for a detailed individualized treatment plan. This is the ideal, but in this day and age, many clinicians are faced with the fact that the money is an object. So, what will give them the biggest bang for the buck?

Let’s go back to the roots of Functional Medicine where the patient-centered treatment focuses on addressing the underlying causes of disease, rather than treating symptoms. It is in this vein that I generally tend to guide clinicians to the Organix Profile despite the presenting symptoms.

I look at organic acid testing (Organix) as the ‘‘serum chemistries’’ equivalent in the functional medicine world. A serum chemistries test is typically run on every single patient at least once a year to monitor general health parameters such as cholesterol, liver and kidney function, acid/base balance, thyroid, etc. Now let’s take it a step further. If you want to get a good overall picture of your patient’s metabolic function, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, B vitamin status, neurotransmitter function, inflammation, oxidative stress, detoxification status, and bacterial and yeast overgrowth in the small intestine, then you can find it from a simple first morning urine collection. Of any of the single testing profiles out there, the Organix casts the widest net, and really does address underlying causes of diseases. The Organix test reveals patterns that can not only guide you to specific individualized nutrient therapy, but it can also tell you to how severe the need is for specific nutrients such as coenzyme Q10, the B vitamins, and glutathione, for example.

Another useful function of the Organix profile is that if you want to follow-up with more testing, it can guide you to which tests would be the most beneficial to run for your patient. For example, if a patient has several abnormalities in the detoxification section, you might want to test the patient’s porphyrins, toxic chemicals, or heavy metals to rule out potential toxic exposures. If a patient is fatigued, and the citric acid cycle intermediates are all very low, you might want to run an amino acid profile to address the specific amino acid needs. Or, if a patient has severe dysbiosis, you might want to follow-up with a GI Effects test to look at overall gastrointestinal health.

The Organix is a simple, non-invasive urine collection that addresses several body systems, allows for the design of specific and individualized therapy, and can help guide you to further testing. It is for these reasons that I recommend the Organix as the single best test to run first on almost every patient that comes in your door regardless of the presenting symptoms and complaints.

Naturopathic Approaches to Pain Patients

institute.nospam@nospam.metametrix.com (kfitzgerald) — Tue, 16 Jun 2009 14:42:00 -0400

In this three-part audio series on Clinician’s Corner, Dr. Kara Fitzgerald, ND shares her clinical tools and treatments that have resulted in remarkable improvement for patients who had otherwise given up all hope of getting better. She is interviewed by Cass Nelson-Dooley, MS, a clinical consultant at Metametrix Clinical Laboratory.

Listen now by choosing an audio stream below or subscribe to the Metametrix Institute Podcast on iTunes where you can download the entire interview.

Photo by Migraine Chick

Part I: Basics of Treating Pain Patients

At Advanced Diagnostic, Dr. Fitzgerald primarily sees patients with pain syndromes. She discusses testing under a strict budget and how she treats the inflammatory aspects of pain. She emphasizes organic acid testing.

Click player to stream Part I...

http://www.metametrixinstitute.org/content/audio/Naturopathic-Pain-Patients-1.mp3

Part II: Getting the Upper Hand on Rheumatoid Arthritis

Dr. Fitzgerald tells us about a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who had an amazing turn-around using naturopathic modalities and integrative medical tests.

Click player to stream Part II...

http://www.metametrixinstitute.org/content/audio/Naturopathic-Pain-Patients-2.mp3

Part III: Don't Overlook Food Intolerances

Dr. Fitzgerald explains how she manages patients with food sensitivities and how food antibodies (IgG4, IgA, and IgE) can be important in clinical cases ranging from dermatitis to fibromyalgia.

Click player to stream Part III...

http://www.metametrixinstitute.org/content/audio/Naturopathic-Pain-Patients-3.mp3

Entire audio available here or via iTunes

Dr. Kara Fitzgerald received her doctorate of naturopathic medicine at the National College of Naturopathic Medicine. She has a clinical practice at Advanced Diagnostic clinic in New Haven, Connecticut. Dr. Fitzgerald is a clinical consultant at Metametrix Clinical Laboratory and a contributing author in Laboratory Evaluations for Integrative and Functional Medicine. Dr. Fitzgerald has given lectures at The Institute of Women’s Health, Autism One, and the Institute for Functional Medicine, among others.

GI Effects - Case Study

institute.nospam@nospam.metametrix.com (tpollock) — Fri, 12 Jun 2009 15:20:00 -0400

Stool analysis is beneficial for all patients. Proper digestion and absorption of food is necessary to maintain a healthy GI tract. In this presentation, you will learn which patients benefit from stool analysis, how to gain optimal gastrointestinal health, and how the GI Effects Stool Profile’s DNA analysis is more accurate than culture stool analysis. Also discussed are the beneficial and harmful bacteria found in the gut and example patient case studies.

Watch the Presentation

Learn more about the laboratory testing discussed in this presentation:

GI Effects

The Whole Body Approach to Osteoporosis - Book Review

institute.nospam@nospam.metametrix.com (tpollock) — Fri, 12 Jun 2009 13:13:00 -0400

Dr. Keith McCormick, DC has written a truly comprehensive and organized work in his newly released “The Whole-Body Approach to Osteoporosis.” It is a compelling personal story and a smartly crafted reference guide at the same time.

The Whole-Body Approach to Osteoporosis painstakingly paints the complete picture of what it takes to reach vital skeletal health and how this goal is integrated into the larger journey of total health optimization. The current means of assessing bone health are insufficient; scans cannot detect bone strength or characterize mineralization. Yet, many clinicians assume the bones are normal if the DXA scan is normal. The media touts the importance of calcium and vitamin D for bones. Those of us in the field of nutrition have long known that bone health involves much more than two nutrients. But not until Dr. McCormick’s book have readers had the whole picture at their fingertips.

In his book, Dr. McCormick clearly explains the relationships among organ/system function, inflammatory and other disease processes, metabolic balance, and bone health. He thoroughly weaves biomarker testing into his program, eliminating much of the guesswork around nutritional supplementation and therapy synergy. From impaired digestion to environmental toxin exposures to judicious use of certain pharmaceuticals, this book leaves no stone unturned in the quest for bone strength and durability.

I see lab test reports on malnourished people every day as a clinical consultant for Metametrix. How many of these people have osteopenia and early osteoporosis but don’t know? The Whole-Body Approach to Osteoporosis connects the dots with a universe of questions—and answers!

-Terry Arden Pollock, MS

Diabetes Study Reveals No Surprises to Practitioners of Functional Medicine

institute.nospam@nospam.metametrix.com (tpollock) — Tue, 09 Jun 2009 16:41:00 -0400

In the 6/8/09 Wall Street Journal's Marketplace section, Keith Winstein wrote an article entitled “Diabetes Study Questions Expensive Treatments”. Winstein states that, in this trial, diabetic patients with heart disease did no better using expensive drugs or stents than those using cheaper treatments, in preventing deaths, heart attacks or strokes. The National Institutes of Health and several pharmaceutical companies sponsored the BARI 2D* trial, as it’s called. This large study showed that “it really didn’t matter at all which treatment you had” according to the lead epidemiologist involved. The only exception was in severe heart disease, where bypass surgery versus no surgery decreased the incidence of death, heart attack or stroke by 8.1% in the subsequent five years.

So, for patients or healthcare providers who are looking for clearly superior interventions among those studied in BARI 2D and in forthcoming comparative studies, the search continues. And increasingly, health experts realize that this search is as futile as it is expensive.

Winstein remarks that such studies have now been given a big boost by Washington in its search for health care reform. The failed “healthcare model” that encourages the continued use of high-cost interventions that don’t work better in the long run is clearly too dysfunctional to be reformed. It needs to be re-birthed. More studies won’t do it.

Most diabetes patients have Type II instead of Type I. NIDDMII is found in younger and younger people and is 99% preventable and treatable with a whole foods diet, supplementation and exercise. Many won’t embrace this “new” regimen; it means more work on the part of the patient (personal responsibility) and the clinician (knowledge of biochemistry and lifestyle improvements) but the adverse effects are non-existent and the benefits are enormous. These supportive interventions for Type II diabetes also serve to protect against and delay the onset of many kinds of cardiovascular disorders, not to mention most other chronic diseases. The reasons why are buried in many medical textbooks of physiology and biochemistry, oddly enough. Ignoring this knowledge and failing to apply it turns what would be fully functional medicine into a completely dysfunctional healthcare system.

Does anyone want to calculate the health care savings inherent in the practice of preventive and functional medicine? There is already much data available on the economic impact of more supportive, early intervention approaches. Would that story rate a front-page placement in the WSJ?

*Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation With Diabetes

Clinical Significance of Bifidobacter

institute.nospam@nospam.metametrix.com (eredmond) — Tue, 09 Jun 2009 12:45:00 -0400

Everyone knows that they should have lots of healthy bacteria in their gut. But what does that mean?

It means you should know how well your intestines support bacteria, and which ones. One of the most researched gut bacteria is Bifidobacter sp. It has a lot of science behind it, and low levels have been associated with inflammation, impaired metabolism and in disease conditions.

The great thing is that testing levels of these bacteria, and improving them if they are low, can make real changes in overall health.

This presentation specifically covers:

Bifidobacter sp. and Lactobacillus sp. are facultative anaerobes and are not assessed well by culture. DNA assessment is the only way to get an actual level of Bifidobacter sp. and Lactobacillus sp.
Total Bifidobacter sp. levels have been found to be lower in patients with colon cancer and in infants with allergic colitis.
Visceral adipose tissue, inflammation of IL-6, glucose tolerance and fasting insulin have all been negatively correlated with Bifidobacter sp. levels in the stool.
SCFAs are the result of colonic bacterial action on undigested fiber. Increasing fiber can increase the amount of SCFA.
SCFA are closely related to the nourishment of the colonic mucosa.
SCFA are known to enhance the growth of lactobacilli and Bifidobacter sp.
A case presentation on increasing a patients low predominate microbiota is discussed.

The Gut: The Inner Tube of Life

institute.nospam@nospam.metametrix.com (tlepine) — Mon, 08 Jun 2009 11:21:00 -0400

During a recent Metametrix sponsored breakfast at the IFM Symposium in Hollywood, Florida, Dr. Todd LePine gave a compelling presentation entitled the Gut-Brain Connection: An Inside Look at Depression.

View all Metametrix Slideshare presentations.

Download the full-length mp3
Subscribe to the Metametrix Institute Podcast on iTunes

Here are a few key points from the presentation:

There is a known brain-gut connection, and it can help to give an inside look at depression.
Metageneomics focuses on microbial inhabitants of the gut. The gut is made up of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The human gut contains at least a kilogram (2.2 pounds) of bacteria alone.
The intestines participate in the protection of the host through helping to maintain a strong immune defense. It does this in three primary ways: microflora, mucosal barrier and the local immune system.
Gut microflora vary significantly from person to person, have intense metabolic activity, especially in the colon, and are able to communicate. The microflora communicate through quorum sensing, which helps to distinguish self from others.
Many accumulated bacteria in the gut may form complex structures called biofilms.
Leaky gut may play a role in the inflammatory pathophysiology of depression.
Recent research has looked at the psychoneuroimmuno-pathophysiology of cytokine-induced depression.
Increased epithelial permeability may be important in the development of chronic gut T-cell mediated inflammation.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines can further increase epithelial permeability (leaky gut), setting up a vicious cycle of chronic inflammation.
Vitamin D is related to inflammation and low levels may also compromise the mucosal barrier.
Inflammation may also be identified via the kynurenate pathway, from tryptophan, leading to increased quinolinate.
Pro-biotics were found to prevent intestinal barrier dysfunction via mucosal glutathione biosynthesis.
The brain and the immune system must also talk to each other in their quest to maintain homeostasis. The hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system are two major systems involved in this communication.
It is speculated that almost every sort of disease has a gut bug connection somewhere.

A full assessment of the gut-brain connection in depression may include: IgG4 and IgE food allergy tests; RBC essential fatty acids; GI Effects stool test (a DNA based assessment); amino acid profile; and an Organix.

Irritable bowel syndrome and GI Effects

institute.nospam@nospam.metametrix.com (eredmond) — Thu, 04 Jun 2009 15:58:00 -0400

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a blanket term for a variety of diseases causing discomfort in the gastro-intestinal tract. It is characterized by chronic abdominal pain, discomfort, bloating, and alteration of bowel habits. Several conditions may present as IBS including celiac disease, mild infections, parasitic infections, and several inflammatory bowel diseases. This case includes before and after GI Effects tests of a patient with IBS.

Watch the Presentation

Learn more about the laboratory testing discussed in this presentation:

GI Effects

Metametrix Handbook - Clinical Reference Manual

institute.nospam@nospam.metametrix.com (pgomez) — Thu, 28 May 2009 16:12:00 -0400

The Metametrix Handbook is a clinical reference manual that can help with interpretation of test results, development of treatment plans for patients, identification of possible causes of symptoms and conditions, and more. This pocket guide is a must-have companion to the in-depth Laboratory Evaluations for Integrative and Functional Medicine 2nd edition textbook.

ORDER ONLINE NOW or Download the Order Form

Key Features

A quick, go-to reference guide for Metametrix testing profiles
Easy-to-use format
Includes causes, symptoms, and treatment recommendations
for high and low test results
Includes physiological functions, food sources, and other appropriate details per category
Multiple analyte pattern analysis
Common abbreviations listed on inside front and back covers
Spiral binding and pocket size are ideal for a clinic setting

Chapters Include:

Amino Acids
Nutrient and Toxic Elements (See sample page - PDF)
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Fatty Acids
Organic Acids (See sample pages - PDF)
Gastrointestinal Function (See sample page - PDF)
Toxicants
Hormones
Disease Risk Profiles
Analysis of Multiple Analyte Patterns (See sample pages - PDF)
Appendix: Interactions of Drugs, Nutritional Supplements and Dietary Components

214 Pages - $29.95
ISBN 978-0-9673949-6-1
Published 5/09

Synopsis

In 2005 Metametrix published the ION Handbook as a practical, succinct guide to the ION (Individualized Optimal Nutrition) Profile*, designed to fit into a clinician’s pocket for easy reference and everyday use. It was the brainchild of Molly Roberts, MD, a clinician who used the ION Profile extensively in practice. Her primary resource was the textbook, Laboratory Evaluations in Molecular Medicine: Nutrients, Toxicants, and Cell Regulators (Bralley and Lord, 2001). Although she found the textbook to be a treasure trove of information, it was not conducive to finding quick answers in the middle of a patient consultation. She wanted something that was very clear and crisp that would give the most important clinically relevant information in an easy-to-use format, so she created a quick-reference guide, refining it over several months and sharing it with her colleagues. As more doctors got wind of this guide and wanted to use it in their practices, Dr. Roberts collaborated with Dr. Richard Lord at Metametrix to expand and edit the content and publish it in book format. Hence, the ION Handbook, a resource that today resides in offices of thousands of practitioners around the world, was born.

At the time of publication, the ION Handbook covered the majority of profiles offered by Metametrix. Since then we have added a number of new tests and wanted to create a broader, more inclusive resource to support all current Metametrix profiles. The analytes and pattern analyses contained in the original book are included and have been updated based upon new clinical and scientific evidence. Entire new sections have been added and the number of analytes, ratios and patterns has nearly doubled. Each analyte is presented separately with causes, symptoms and conditions, and treatments relating to high and low levels; physiological functions, food sources and other details are included as appropriate to the test category.

The Metametrix Handbook is a companion to the new Laboratory Evaluations in Integrative and Functional Medicine textbook (Lord & Bralley, 2008), which is a revision, update and expansion of the original textbook. Both the handbook and textbook cover tests to evaluate nutrients, toxicants, detoxification and biotransformation ability, adverse food responses and gastrointestinal and hormonal functions. The handbook’s quick-reference format complements the textbook’s indepth discussions and nearly 3800 literature citations.

* The ION is a combination profile including amino, fatty, and organic acid profiles, antioxidant vitamins, and nutrient and toxic elements.

ORDER ONLINE NOW or Download the Order Form

Contributors

Our thanks to Molly Roberts for her vision in creating the ION Handbook that forms the core of this new work, and to Richard Lord for his tremendous contributions to both that work and the Metametrix Handbook. We also want to acknowledge the talented Metametrix staff who contributed to the updates of the original text and the creation of the new sections of the book:

Kara N. Fitzgerald, ND
Eve E. Bralley, PhD
Elizabeth H. Redmond, PhD
Terry A. Pollock, MS
Cass Nelson-Dooley, MS

We are also grateful to Todd LePine, MD, for his content editing and suggestions.

ORDER ONLINE NOW or Download the Order Form

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Food “Allergy” Testing for Adverse Food Reactions: IgG4 and IgE

institute.nospam@nospam.metametrix.com (cegeston) — Wed, 06 May 2009 15:40:00 -0400

Food allergies are more common than you may think. Two major food reactions that involve antibody production in the body are IgG (delayed) and IgE (immediate) food reactions. This presentation will help you learn different types of adverse food reactions, definitions of common terms, characteristics of IgE and IgG mediated foods, and more.

Learn more about Allergix Food Antibody Profiles at metametrix.com:

Food “Allergy” Testing for Adverse Food Reactions

View more presentations from metametrix.

The Gluten Effect Book Review

institute.nospam@nospam.metametrix.com (eredmond) — Fri, 10 Apr 2009 16:04:00 -0400

The Continuum of Gluten’s Effects

The Gluten Effect, by Drs Vikki and Richard Petersen, offers a comprehensive review of gluten intolerance. The book does a thorough job of explaining the wide reaching health effects of reaction to gluten, its relationship to autoimmune diseases, and incidence of associated nutrient deficiencies.

Even as a clinical educator who researches the literature on gluten enteropathy regularly, I learned many new things when reading this book. The effects of gluten are on a continuum, they are not black or white, as has been commonly believed. This book offers sound guidance to clinicians treating patients who fall in conventional medicine’s “grey area;” that is, patients who have a clinical and laboratory response to gluten, but do not meet the currently accepted criteria for celiac disease. The recommendations in this book could significantly improve your gluten-sensitive patient’s health.

Elizabeth Redmond, PhD, MMSc, RD
Clinical Consultant

Porphyrins in Urine Serve as a Functional Fingerprint of Toxicity

institute.nospam@nospam.metametrix.com (tpollock) — Tue, 07 Apr 2009 14:22:00 -0400

Porphyrins are proteins measured in urine that help to identify the effects toxins have on the heme pathway. Porphyrins accumulated in the body can help convey exposure to toxins in the environment and identify high levels of heavy metal toxicity, such as mercury. Accumulation of toxins in the body also plays a key role in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD).

This presentation will uncover answers to the following questions:

What are Porphyrins?
Why evaluate Porphryins?
What can Porphyrins testing identify?
What disorders are affected by toxin accumulation?
What is the relationship of mercury levels and porphyrins in relation to children with ASD?

View more presentations from metametrix.

Learn more about how to assess toxic exposure at metametrix.com:

Six Laboratory Assessment Areas in Autism

institute.nospam@nospam.metametrix.com (eredmond) — Fri, 03 Apr 2009 16:02:00 -0400

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) affect millions of children worldwide. Functional laboratory testing can help clinicians and parents provide a plan for managing ASD by optimizing biochemical functioning. This audio visual presentation by Dr. Elizabeth Redmond will identify the following six assessment areas in autistic children:

Methylation
Mitochondrial Function
Detoxification
Inflammation
Digestion
Nutrition

Learn more about testing profiles that help with treatment of ASD on metametrix.com: