mineaeliza: { web design }

Geolocation services

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Mon, 02 Apr 2018 20:32:00 +0000

Maxmind GeoIP2 Precision Services

https://www.maxmind.com/en/geoip2-precision-services
https://dev.maxmind.com/geoip/geoip2/web-services/#Output_Examples
https://dev.maxmind.com/geoip/geoip2/javascript/

----

IP2Location API

https://lite.ip2location.com/https://www.ip2location.com/developers#free_open_source

Helps the user to geolocate the country, region, city, coordinates, zip code, ISP, domain name, timezone, connection speed, IDD code, area code, weather station code, weather station name, MCC, MNC, mobile brand name, elevation and usage type that any IP address or host name originates from.

----

http://about.ip2c.org/#about

IPs to country

+ fast and simple URL API
+ updated daily
+ has information on over 4,254,657,080 IPv4s

----

https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/geolocation/intro

The Google Maps Geolocation API returns a location and accuracy radius based on information about cell towers and WiFi nodes that the mobile client can detect. This document describes the protocol used to send this data to the server and to return a response to the client.

ReverseGeocoding:
https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/geocoding/intro#ReverseGeocoding

Note: https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/geocoding/policies

The Google Maps Geocoding API may only be used in conjunction with displaying results on a Google map. It is prohibited to use Google Maps Geocoding API data without displaying a Google map.

----

https://wordpress.org/plugins/geoip-detect/

Wordpress plugin - works with: Maxmind and HostIP.info

https://github.com/yellowtree/wp-geoip-detect/

----

$.getJSON("http://ip-api.io/json/", function(result) { console.log(result); });

provides data like:
country, city, zip code, timezone and whether this IP address is bot,
spammer or TOR node.

----

More:

What Is the Best API for Geolocating an IP Address?
https://ahmadawais.com/best-api-geolocating-an-ip-address/

What are some alternatives to MaxMind's GeoIP database?
https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-alternatives-to-MaxMinds-GeoIP-database

https://www.trustradius.com/products/maxmind/competitors

https://www.digitalelement.com/

Google APi

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18173242/getting-street-city-and-country-by-reverse-geocoding-using-google
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17280787/google-maps-api-getting-closest-points-to-zipcode
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6797569/get-city-name-using-geolocation

http://geocoder-php.org/Geocoder/
Geocoder is a PHP library which helps you build geo-aware applications
by providing a powerful abstraction layer for geocoding manipulations.

https://github.com/onury/geolocator
Geolocator.js is a utility for getting geo-location information, geocoding, address look-ups, distance & durations, timezone information and more...

CSS Elliptical Corners and Percents

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Thu, 26 Jan 2017 17:45:00 +0000

Syntax

border-radius:x1 x2 x3 x4 / y1 y2 y3 y4;

Where:

x1 x2 x3 x4 are the horizontal radius for each corner (starting in top-left corner)
y1 y2 y3 y4 are the vertical radius for each corner

Example:

Border radius percents

border-radius:p1 p2 p3 p4 / q1 q2 q3 q4;

Where:

p1 p2 p3 p4 - percentages for the horizontal radius refer to the width of the border box
q1 q2 q3 q4 - percentages for the vertical radius refer to the height of the border box

Example:

Beautifull rope jumping robot css animation at mapbox.com

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Wed, 02 Mar 2016 16:50:00 +0000


.robot{
 width: 300px;
 -webkit-animation: rainbow 4s steps(59) infinite;
}

.animate {
  -webkit-transition:all .125s;
     -moz-transition:all .125s;
      -ms-transition:all .125s;
          transition:all .125s;
  }

.robot-animation {
  background:url(img/footerguy-jump.jpg) no-repeat 0 0;
  background-size: auto 100%;
  height: 0;
  padding-bottom: 100%;
  transition: none;
  -webkit-animation: walk 2s steps(59) infinite;
     -moz-animation: walk 2s steps(59) infinite;
       -o-animation: walk 2s steps(59) infinite;
          animation: walk 2s steps(59) infinite;
  -webkit-animation-play-state:running;
     -moz-animation-play-state:running;
       -o-animation-play-state:running;
          animation-play-state:running;
}

@-webkit-keyframes walk {
   from { background-position: 0 0; }
     to { background-position: 100% 0; }
}

@-moz-keyframes walk {
   from { background-position: 0 0; }
     to { background-position: 100% 0; }
}

@-o-keyframes walk {
   from { background-position: 0 0; }
     to { background-position: 100% 0; }
}

@keyframes walk {
   from { background-position: 0 0; }
     to { background-position: 100% 0; }
}

@-webkit-keyframes rainbow {
   from { -webkit-filter:hue-rotate(10deg); }
     to { -webkit-filter:hue-rotate(360deg); }
}

@keyframes rainbow {
 from {
    -webkit-filter:hue-rotate(10deg);
            filter:hue-rotate(10deg);
    }
  to {
    -webkit-filter:hue-rotate(360deg);
            filter:hue-rotate(360deg);
    }
}

mapbox.com

Retirement Visual Calculator

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Fri, 14 Feb 2014 16:02:00 +0000

http://www.matheasel.com/calculators/retirement.html

Other very good resources:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_value_of_money#Present_value_of_a_future_sum http://www.wikicalculator.com/calculatorlist.php?page=1&sub=4&cat=408 http://www.moneychimp.com/articles/finworks/fmpayout.htm http://www.personal.psu.edu/staff/d/r/drs18/finance/index.html

Guide to Startup Marketing

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Sun, 05 Jan 2014 00:27:00 +0000

The Ultimate Guide to Startup Marketing from Onboardly

50 Stunning Mobile Statistics

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Wed, 25 Dec 2013 12:15:00 +0000

50 Stunning Mobile Statistics from Vala Afshar

Responsive email templates articles

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Sun, 09 Jun 2013 10:20:00 +0000

http://zurb.com/playground/responsive-email-templates
-> they use floats for columns and don't support Outlook 2007, 2010, 2013

http://www.campaignmonitor.com/guides/mobile/
-> good old campaignmonitor

http://internations.github.io/antwort/
-> they use align:left for columns and display block for smaller resolutions

http://www.emailonacid.com/blog/details/C13/emailology_a_free_responsive_email_template_using_media_queries_-_part_i
-> also align:left and simple devicewidth class (no display block); good testing email app

Stamen - beautiful toner maps

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Thu, 02 May 2013 09:40:00 +0000

http://maps.stamen.com/toner/embed#16/44.4374/26.0335

Good jquery carousels

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Wed, 20 Mar 2013 11:56:00 +0000

CSS3 essential tool-sites

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Sat, 09 Feb 2013 10:26:00 +0000

www.css3generator.com

http://www.colorzilla.com/gradient-editor/

http://www.fontsquirrel.com/fontface/generator

Mobiles resolutions

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Sat, 01 Sep 2012 15:12:00 +0000

Model	Width (px)	Height(px)	Default Orientation
Iphone 3G	320	480	Portrait
Samsung Galaxy	480	800	Portrait
Iphone 4	640	960	Portrait
BlackBerry Bold Touch 9900	640	480	Landscape

Widget pentru Vreme

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Thu, 12 Apr 2012 13:02:00 +0000

Va place cutiuta pentru vreme din dreapta?

Iata cum a fost facuta:


<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js"></script>

<script type="text/javascript">

jQuery(document).ready(function($) {

 $.ajax({

  url: "http://api.wunderground.com/api/dc5dec6546fbfb13/conditions/lang:RO/q/Romania/Bucharest.json",

  dataType: "jsonp",

  success: function(parsed_json) {

   var location = parsed_json['current_observation']['display_location']['city'];

   var temp_f = parsed_json['current_observation']['temp_c'];

   var img = parsed_json['current_observation']['icon'];

   var time = parsed_json['current_observation']['local_time_rfc822'].split(" ")[4];

   time=time.split(":");

   $("body").append("<div class='weather-box'><div class='icon'><img src=http://icons.wxug.com/i/c/i/"+img+".gif></div><div class='location'>"+location+"</div><strong>" + temp_f+"&deg;C </strong><strong>"+time[0]+":"+time[1]+"</strong> </div>");

  }

 });

});

</script>

Simplu nu?

Api@ http://api.wunderground.com este grozav si extem de simplu de folosit!

Ps. nu uitati sa inlocuiti numarul lung cu propia cheie api.

Obiecte in javascript

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Tue, 28 Feb 2012 18:21:00 +0000

Metoda clasica de scriere a unui obiect:

 function Circle(radius){ 

this.radius = radius;   

this.getArea = function(){   

return (this.radius*this.radius*3.14);   

}   



this.getCircumference = function(){   

var diameter = this.radius*2;   

var circumference = diameter*3.14;   

return circumference;   

}

}

Exemplul ilustraza folosirea proprietatilor si metodelor obiectelor.

...............................................

Pentru ca in JavaScript obiectele sunt si vectori asociativi, atunci putem folosi sintaxa:





testObj = {

prop1:"hello",

prop2:"hello2",

prop3:new Array("helloa",1,2)

}



for(x in testObj) alert( x + "-" + testObj[ x ] )

sau folosind jquery:



jQuery.each(testObj, function(key, value) {

console.log("key", key, "value", value);

});

Iata si un exemplu mai complex ce foloseste jQuery si 2 functii utilitare:

$.extend si call

var contactForm = {



container: $('#contact'),



config: {

effect: 'slideToggle',

speed: 500

},



init: function(config) {

$.extend(this.config, config);



$("<button ></ button>", {

text: 'Contact Me'

})

.insertAfter( 'article:first' )

.on( 'click', this.show );

},



show: function() {

var cf = contactForm,

container = cf.container,

config = cf.config;



if ( container.is(':hidden') ) {

contactForm.close.call(container);

container[config.effect](config.speed);

}

},



close: function() {

var $this = $(this), // #contact

config = contactForm.config;



if ( $this.find('span.close').length ) return;



$('X')

.prependTo(this)

.on('click', function() {

// this = span

$this[config.effect](config.speed);

})

}

};



contactForm.init({

// effect: 'fadeToggle',

speed: 300

});

Mai multe detalii:
http://tutsplus.com/lesson/slides-and-structure/

Latimea siteurilor traditionale (css)

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 15:08:00 +0000

Facebook.com	981px (fixed)
Linkedin.com	980px (fixed)
Ebay.com (listing)	760px - 1200px (liquid)
Amazon.com	980px - 100% (liquid)
Mobile.de (fixed)	978px (fixed)
Bmw.de (fixed) (left aligned)	1024px (fixed)
Mercedes-benz.de (left aligned)	1000px (fixed)
Gsmarena.com	1002px (fixed)
Nytimes.com	972px (fixed)

Transitions and transformations with css3 and jquery fallback for ie

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 10:38:00 +0000

.home-section:hover img{
-webkit-transform: rotate(315deg) scale(0.5);
 -moz-transform: rotate(315deg) scale(0.5);
 -o-transform: rotate(315deg) scale(0.5); 
-ms-transform:scale(0.5,0.5) rotate(315deg) ; /* the order is important */
 transform: rotate(315deg) scale(0.5); /* future standard */
-webkit-transition: all 1s ease-in;
-moz-transition: all 1s ease-in;
-o-transition: all 1s ease-in; 
-ms-transition: all 1s ease-in; /* future IE 10 */
transition: all 1s ease-in; /* future standard */
}

.home-section img{
-webkit-transition: all 2s ease-in-out;
 -moz-transition: all 2s ease-in-out;
 -o-transition: all 2s ease-in-out;
 -ms-transition: all 2s ease-in-out; /* future IE 10 */
transition: all 2s ease-in-out; /* future standard */
}

For IE 9:

 <!--[if lte IE 9]>
  <script type="text/javascript"

src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.6.4/jquery.min.js">

</script>

<script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-css-transform.js"></script>

<script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-animate-css-rotate-scale.js">

</script>

<script type="text/javascript">

$().ready(function() {
$('.home-section').hover(function () {								   
$(this).find('img').animate({rotate: '+=315deg', scale: '-=0.5'}, 1000);
},function () {								   
$(this).find('img').animate({rotate: '-=315deg', scale: '+=0.5'}, 2000);
});
});			
	</script>
   <![endif]-->

Where to find jquery-animate-css-rotate-scale.js :
http://www.zachstronaut.com/posts/2009/08/07/jquery-animate-css-rotate-scale.html Thanks Zach!

More on CSS3 Transitions and transformations:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff974936%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
http://css3please.com/

Browser specific hacks - css filters

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Sat, 20 Aug 2011 12:58:00 +0000

Webkit only css hack (safari, chrome):

@media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:0) {

body{ background:red}

}

Firefox only css hack:

@-moz-document url-prefix() {

body{ background:green}

}

Opera only css hack:

@media all and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:10000), not all and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:0) {

       body {background:orange}

 }

IE only css hack:

body {  
 background : green\9; /* IE9,IE8 and below */  
 *background : yellow; /* IE7 and below */  
 _background : orange; /* IE6 */  
}

More:
 http://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/css-hacks-targeting-firefox/

http://www.evotech.net/blog/2007/04/ie7-only-css-hacks/

Statistici - Versiuni Browsere, Siteuri Sociale, Sisteme de Operare

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Fri, 15 Apr 2011 05:15:00 +0000

Source: StatCounter Global Stats - Browser Version Market Share

Source: StatCounter Global Stats - Mobile Browser Market Share

Source: StatCounter Global Stats - Social Media Market Share

Source: StatCounter Global Stats - Operating System Market Share

HTML 5 - Short Introduction

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Sat, 22 Jan 2011 12:36:00 +0000

HTML5 Edition for Web Authors

http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec-author-view/
(Editor's Draft 22 January 2011)

Introduction

With the creation of the W3C, HTML's development changed venue. A first abortive attempt at extending HTML in 1995 known as HTML 3.0 then made way to a more pragmatic approach known as HTML 3.2, which was completed in 1997. HTML4 followed, reaching completion in 1998.

At this time, the W3C membership decided to stop evolving HTML and instead begin work on an XML-based equivalent, called XHTML. This effort started with a reformulation of HTML4 in XML, known as XHTML 1.0, which added no new features except the new serialization, and which was completed in 2000.

Around the time that HTML's evolution was stopped in 1998, parts of the API for HTML developed by browser vendors were specified and published under the name DOM Level 1 (in 1998) and DOM Level 2 Core and DOM Level 2 HTML (starting in 2000 and culminating in 2003).

The idea that HTML's evolution should be reopened was tested at a W3C workshop in 2004, where some of the principles that underlie the HTML5 work (described below), were presented to the W3C jointly by Mozilla and Opera.

Shortly thereafter, Apple, Mozilla, and Opera jointly announced their intent to continue working on the effort under the umbrella of a new venue called the WHATWG. The copyright was subsequently amended to be jointly owned by all three vendors, and to allow reuse of the specification. The WHATWG was based on several core principles, in particular that technologies need to be backwards compatible, that specifications and implementations need to match even if this means changing the specification rather than the implementations, and that specifications need to be detailed enough that implementations can achieve complete interoperability without reverse-engineering each other.

The latter requirement in particular required that the scope of the HTML5 specification include what had previously been specified in three separate documents: HTML4, XHTML1, and DOM2 HTML. It also meant including significantly more detail than had previously been considered the norm.

In 2006, the W3C indicated an interest to participate in the development of HTML5 after all, and in 2007 formed a working group chartered to work with the WHATWG on the development of the HTML5 specification.

Since then, both groups have been working together. :) Happy end.

Basic HTML sample

A basic HTML document looks like this:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Sample page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Sample page</h1>

<p>This is a <a href="demo.html">simple</a> sample.</p>

</body>
</html>

HTML documents represent a media-independent description of interactive content. HTML documents might be rendered to a screen, or through a speech synthesizer, or on a braille display. To influence exactly how such rendering takes place, authors can use a styling language such as CSS.

La granita intre HTML si Illustrator / intre text si imagine

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Thu, 13 Jan 2011 16:38:00 +0000

Am plecat de la ideea de a desena o harta a Europei cu tarile in care am facut turism pana acum (in scop stimulativ). Si tot cautand pe google o harta buna, am ajuns la ideea: "de ce nu o harta vectoriala ?".

Instant am gasit linkul utilului wikipedia:

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blank_map_europe.svg

Si dupa putina stilizare, stergand stilurile inline (la fel ca intr-un html obisnuit) si scriind urmatorul randulet:



#at,#ro,#it,#cy,#hu,#si,#hr,#sr,#bg,#es,#de,#ch {fill:#956}

Gata si harta:

Aici veti gasi o simpla poza, pentru ca nu pot uploda sau insera un SVG atat de complex in blogger (cu cateva clickuri beninteles).

Unelte diverse:

http://plindenbaum.blogspot.com/2009/11/tool-converting-svg-to-canvas_22.html - aplicatie pentru a converti svguri in canvasuri (html5)

http://uvdiv.blogspot.com/2009/08/how-to-create-svg-graphics-in-blogger.html - exemplu de inserare svg in html prin crearea ''on the fly" cu js

Freelancer Jobs

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Sun, 09 Jan 2011 02:18:00 +0000

[Javascript] Exemplu break + label

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Thu, 18 Nov 2010 09:32:00 +0000

outerloop:
  for(var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    innerloop:
      for(var j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
          if (j > 3) break;             // Quit the innermost loop
          if (i == 2) break innerloop;  // Do the same thing
          if (i == 4) break outerloop;  // Quit the outer loop
          document.write("i = " + i + " j = " + j + "
");
      }
  }
  document.write("FINAL i = " + i + " j = " + j + "
");

Rezultatul fiind:

i = 0 j = 0
i = 0 j = 1
i = 0 j = 2
i = 0 j = 3
i = 1 j = 0
i = 1 j = 1
i = 1 j = 2
i = 1 j = 3
i = 3 j = 0
i = 3 j = 1
i = 3 j = 2
i = 3 j = 3
FINAL i = 4 j = 0

[Learn JavaScript] Operatorul + este special

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Tue, 09 Nov 2010 14:11:00 +0000

The + operator is a special one -- it gives priority to string operands over numeric operands. If either operand to + is a string (or an object), the other operand is converted to a string (or both operands are converted to strings) and concatenated, rather than added.

On the other hand, the comparison operators (<, >, <=, >=) perform string comparison only if both operands are strings. If only one operand is a string, JavaScript attempts to convert it to a number.

1 + 2        // Addition. Result is 3.
"1" + "2"    // Concatenation. Result is "12".
"1" + 2      // String Concatenation; 2 is converted to "2". Result is "12".
11 < 3       // Numeric comparison. Result is false.
"11" < "3"   // String comparison. Result is true.
"11" < 3     // Numeric comparison; "11" converted to 11. Result is false.
"one" < 3    // Numeric comparison; "one" converted to NaN. Result is false.
             // In JavaScript 1.1, this causes an error instead of NaN.

It is important to note that when the + operator is used with strings and numbers, it may not be associative. That is, the result may depend on the order in which operations are performed. This can be seen with examples like these:

s = 1 + 2 + " blind mice";   // Yields "3 blind mice"
t = "blind mice: " + 1 + 2;  // Yields "blind mice: 12"

The reason for this surprising difference in behavior is that the + operator works from left to right.

http://docstore.mik.ua/orelly/webprog/jscript/ch05_06.htm

Operatori in JavaScript

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Mon, 08 Nov 2010 09:28:00 +0000

P	A	Operator	Operand type(s)	Operation performed
15	L	`.`	object, identifier	Property access
	L	`[]`	array, integer	Array index
	L	`( )`	function, arguments	Function call
	R	`new`	constructor call	Create new object
14	R	`++`	lvalue	Pre- or post-increment (unary)
	R	`--`	lvalue	Pre- or post-decrement (unary)
	R	`-`	number	Unary minus (negation)
	R	`+`	number	Unary plus (no-op)
	R	`~`	integer	Bitwise complement (unary)
	R	`!`	boolean	Logical complement (unary)
	R	`delete`	lvalue	Undefine a property (unary)
	R	`typeof`	any	Return data type (unary)
	R	`void`	any	Return undefined value (unary)
13	L	`*, /, %`	numbers	Multiplication, division, remainder
12	L	`+, -`	numbers	Addition, subtraction
	L	`+`	strings	String concatenation
11	L	`<<`	integers	Left shift
	L	`>>`	integers	Right shift with sign-extension
	L	`>>>`	integers	Right shift with zero extension
10	L	`<, <=`	numbers or strings	Less than, less than or equal
	L	`>, >=`	numbers or strings	Greater than, greater than or equal
	L	`instanceof`	object, constructor	Check object type
	L	`in`	string, object	Check whether property exists
9	L	`==`	any	Test for equality
	L	`!=`	any	Test for inequality
	L	`===`	any	Test for identity
	L	`!==`	any	Test for non-identity
8	L	`&`	integers	Bitwise AND
7	L	`^`	integers	Bitwise XOR
6	L	`\|`	integers	Bitwise OR
5	L	`&&`	booleans	Logical AND
4	L	`\|\|`	booleans	Logical OR
3	R	`?:`	boolean, any, any	Conditional operator (3 operands)
2	R	`=`	lvalue, any	Assignment
	R	`*=, /=, %=, +=,` `-=, <<=, >>=, >>>=, &=, ^=, \|=`	lvalue, any	Assignment with operation
1	L	`,`	any	Multiple evaluation

The column labeled "P" specifies the precedence of each operator. Operator precedence controls the order in which operations are performed. Operators with higher numbers in the "P" column are performed before those with lower numbers.
Consider the following expression:

w = x + y*z;

The multiplication operator * has a higher precedence than the addition operator +, so the multiplication is performed before the addition. Furthermore, the assignment operator = has the lowest precedence, so the assignment is performed after all the operations on the righthand side are completed.

Obs.

In JavaScript all numbers are floating-point, so all divisions have floating-point results: 5/2 evaluates to 2.5, not 2.
While the modulo operator is typically used with integer operands, it also works for floating-point values. For example, -4.3 % 2.1 evaluates to -0.1.

http://docstore.mik.ua/orelly/webprog/jscript/ch05_02.htm

Iphone CSS

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Wed, 03 Nov 2010 14:25:00 +0000

Dimensiunile ecranului 320px cu 480px.

<meta name="viewport" content="width=320">

-> pentru a seta latimea ecranului (si implicit zoomul).

Putin javascript:

window.scrollTo(0, 1) -> pentru a ascunde bara iphone-ului

onorientationchange -> eveniment: la schimbarea orientarii mobilului ( portret <->orizontal )

http://css-tricks.com/video-screencasts/38-basics-tips-on-designing-for-the-iphone/

Colectarea gunoiului in javascript

noreply@blogger.com (Minea Eliza) — Thu, 28 Oct 2010 15:53:00 +0000

Garbage Collection

In languages like C and C++, memory must be freed manually.

The JavaScript interpreter is able to detect when an object will never again be used by the program. When it determines that an object is unreachable (i.e., there is no longer any way to refer to it using the variables in the program), it knows that the object is no longer needed and its memory can be reclaimed.

Garbage collection is automatic and is invisible to the programmer. You can create all the garbage objects you want, and the system will clean up after you!

http://docstore.mik.ua/orelly/webprog/jscript/ch04_05.htm

Variables scope chain

When JavaScript code needs to look up the value of a variable x (a process called variable name resolution), it starts by looking at the first object in the chain. If that object has a property named x, the value of that property is used. If the first object does not have a property named x, JavaScript continues the search with the next object in the chain. If the second object does not have a property named x, the search moves on to the next object, and so on.

http://docstore.mik.ua/orelly/webprog/jscript/ch04_07.htm