MyCircuits9

High Tech Super Market - Electronic Project Abstract

2018-11-10T20:51:00.000+05:30

Here we introduce a great idea of automating the billing system at super markets. By using this system there is no need to carry the money on hand to pay at the super market.This system uses the benefits of RFID card. Each car driver will have an account where he deposit the money to pay at the shop.There will be an RFD reader in the super market. When the driver swipes the RFID card his account details will be printed on LCD display in shop. Then he will be asked to enter the amount.

After entering the amount the money will be deducted from the account automatically and he will be informed about the balance amount.After paying the bill a buzzer is heard to inform the security man that he paid the bill.If he doesn’t have balance he will not be able to get the items and remainder of low balance of customer through GSM.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Patient Monitoring System [DIY Electronic Projects]

2018-11-09T23:22:00.002+05:30

Electronic Patient Monitoring System

Introduction

This project aims at monitoring the patient’s health conditions continuously. The parameters like heart beat and temperature monitored continuously. In other words, the doctor will be diagnosing the patient continuously. This project uses the wireless concept, GSM. In this system, if the body temperature of the patient exceeds above a particular limit, it automatically sends message to the doctor and also produce an alarm indication, so that urgent help to the patient can be provided. The same alerts are also produced when the heart beat goes lower than a particular limit. The system also contains an LCD screen, in the patient’s room which displays the conditions of the person so that the doctor can have an easy analysis of the patient conditions.

Block Diagram

Patient Side:

Block Diagram of Patient Monitoring System - Patient Side

Doctor Side:

Block Diagram of Patient Monitoring System - Doctor's Side

The core of this project is AVR microcontroller, it has more features like 16bit timer, 10-bit ADC, USART, SPI, I2C, 256 bytes of EEPROM memory, and 32kbytes of flash program memory, then at last its speed of program execution is about to 1 microsecond or 10 MIPS (10 Million Instructions per second), etc. However, compare to other microcontroller it is fast and very ease to program in C language.

Download this project source code.

Touch Screen Based Virtual Keyboard

2015-08-28T21:03:00.001+05:30

It is becoming increasingly difficult for users to interact with the slew of portable gadgets they carry, especially in the area of text entry. Although miniature displays and keyboards make some portable devices, such as cell phones and PDAs, amazingly small, users’ hands do not shrink accordingly.

To solve this problem, we proposed a Virtual Keyboard. This device will replace a physical keypad with a customizable keyboard printed on a standard A4 size paper whose “keystrokes” are read and translated to real input. This virtual keyboard can be placed on any flat surface, such as desktops, airplane tray tables, kitchen counters, etc. and can theoretically be interfaced with any computing device that requires text entry. This would eliminate the need to carry anything around and also prevent any chance of mechanical damage to the keypad in harsh environments if a simple lamination is used to protect the paper.

The Virtual Keyboard has three main components:

The laser
Camera
Printed keyboard.

The laser beam is simply a conventional off-the-shelf red laser with a line-generating diffractive optical element attached to it. This assembly generates an invisible plane of red light hovering a few millimeters above the typing surface. When a finger passes through this plane, it shines bright red in that region.

The CMOS camera continuously captures images of the region where the printed keyboard is supposed to be placed and checks these images for red color data above a specified threshold. The threshold concept works in this case because the laser shining on a typical human finger generates saturating values of red color data, which is very easily distinguishable from its surroundings. Lastly, the printed keyboard is simply a standard A4 size paper that contains a custom keyboard layout.

Passengers counting system for Boats safety

2015-08-27T19:46:00.000+05:30

A day on the water is one of the best ways to escape from the summer heat. But all fun and play can make for a dangerous day on the water. Boat accidents are mainly due to number of passengers when exceeds. With help of this project we can reduce boat accidents due to number of passengers.

This project is designed to provide a safety feature for Boats, where the number of passengers are a critical factor in the increasing boat accidents. This project is nothing but a Bi-Directional visitors counting and displaying system using Infrared Transceiver modules. Two IR modules are placed at the door,which transmits IR rays to the receiving modules. When these invisible rays are cut by someone, it detects whether the person is entered or gone out by the order the rays cut. The count will increment and decrement when someone enters or leaves the boat respectively. If the passengers count exceeds a particular limit, the system will gives a warning buzzer alert. The current passengers count will be displayed on an LCD display.

SPI Communication Between two Arduino Boards

2015-08-07T21:19:00.000+05:30

In this tutorial I am going to brief you on how to establish a communication between two arduino boards through SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface). SPI is also called as 4 wire interface, because it uses four pins to transmit and receive data, they are MISO (Master In Slave Out), MOSI(Master Out Slave In), SCK – This provides the clock signal for data transfer, usually from master to slave. And SS pin- It selects the slave device, it is an active low signal given by Master device. After completing the data transfer with one slave device, the master device pulls up the SS pin to high. In SPI protocol, it is possible to connect more than one slave to a master device. The master device can communicate with any slave connected to the bus at any time, but the slave can communicate only to the master. Whenever the master device wants to send a data to slave, it pulls down the SS Pin and the slave will listen to data. The master device is controlling the clock signal for data transfer, so the slave cannot be able to initiate data transfer.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Master Code

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <SPI.h>

int i=0;

char inData[64];

char k[30];

char inChar;

int valid=0;

int index=0;

#define SCK_PIN 13

#define MISO_PIN 12

#define MOSI_PIN 11

#define SS_PIN 10

void setup()

{

pinMode(MOSI_PIN, OUTPUT);

pinMode(MISO_PIN, INPUT);

pinMode(SCK_PIN, OUTPUT);

pinMode(SS_PIN, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(SS_PIN, HIGH);

SPI.begin();

Serial.begin(9600);

}

void transferAndWait(char what)

{

SPI.transfer(what);

delayMicroseconds(20);

}

void send(char *p)

{

char c;

while(*p)

{

c=*p++;

transferAndWait(c);

delay(20);

}

}

void loop()

{

digitalWrite(SS_PIN, LOW);

byte numBytesAvailable= Serial.available();

send("Hello World...\n");

delay(100);

}

Slave Code

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <SPI.h>

#define SCK_PIN 52

#define MISO_PIN 50

#define MOSI_PIN 51

#define SS_PIN 53

int i=0;

char k[20],v[20];

int valid=0;

LiquidCrystal lcd(22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28);

void setup (void)

{

Serial.begin (9600);

pinMode(MOSI_PIN, INPUT);

pinMode(MISO_PIN, OUTPUT);

pinMode(SCK_PIN, INPUT);

pinMode(SS_PIN, INPUT);

SPCR |= _BV(SPE);

SPCR != _BV(SPIE);

SPI.attachInterrupt();

}

ISR (SPI_STC_vect)

{

char c = SPDR;

if(c=='\n')

{

lcd.clear();

Serial.println(k);

lcd.print(k);

i=0;

}

else if(c!='\n')

{

k[i]=c;

i++;

}

}

void loop (void)

{

while(1);

}

RF Based Wireless Message Broadcasting system in Arduino

2015-08-01T11:04:00.000+05:30

Hello folks, I am here with a simple and interesting arduino project, RF based wireless Message Transmitting system. By using this system you can feed the data to be transmitted serially to the transmitter from your PC. The project mainly consisting of a Transmitter and a receiver section. Transmitter is made by Arduino Uno board and receiver is made by Arduino Mega2560. The communication between transmitter and receiver is through RF, Amplitude Shift Keying. (More about Binary Frequency shift keying) This wireless transmitter and receiver pair operates in 433Mhz. Only one way of communication is possible through this system, the received message will be displayed on a 16x2 alpha-numeric liquid crystal display. The receiving section updates the display whenever a new message arrives from 433Mhz RF transmitter.

Circuit Diagram of Transmitter

Receiver Section Circuit Diagram

Program - Transmitter

#include <VirtualWire.h>

char inData[30];

char inChar;

byte index = 0;

void setup()

{

vw_setup(2000); // Bits per sec

Serial.begin(9600);

}

void loop()

{



while(Serial.available() > 0)

{



      if(index<30)

      {

          inChar = Serial.read();

          inData[index] = inChar;

          index++;

          inData[index] = '\0';

      }



}



    Serial.println(inData);

    send(inData);

index=0;



       }



delay(100);

}

void send (char *message)

{

vw_send((uint8_t *)message, strlen(message));

vw_wait_tx(); // Wait until the whole message is gone

}

Program - Receiver

#include <VirtualWire.h>

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

LiquidCrystal lcd(22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28);

byte message[VW_MAX_MESSAGE_LEN]; // a buffer to store the incoming messages

byte messageLength = VW_MAX_MESSAGE_LEN; // the size of the message

void setup()

{

Serial.begin(9600);

vw_setup(2000); // Bits per sec

vw_rx_start(); // Start the receiver

}

void loop()

{

if (vw_get_message(message, &messageLength)) // Non-blocking

{

    lcd.clear();

    for (i = 0; i<messageLength; i++)

    {

      message[i];

      Serial.write(message[i]);

      lcd.write(message[i]);

    }

    for (i = 0; i<messageLength; i++)

    {

     message[i]=NULL;

    }

    messageLength = 16;

}

}

Download VirtualWire Header File.

Password Based Circuit Breaker using PIC Microcontroller with C code

2015-05-13T00:15:00.001+05:30

Here i am going to explain you a simple Password based circuit Breaker Project using PIC Microcontroller. This project is much similar to my previous one, “Password Based Door Locking System”. Circuit breakers are electromechanical devices used in the power system to connect or disconnect the power flow at the generator, substation, or load location. Only authorised persons with correct password can connect or disconnect the circuit breaker. Each Line will have separate passwords to operate, By entering the password the current state of the line is toggled. That is, the load will gets connected or disconnected. For verification, after entering the password you need to press the ‘=’ button on keypad (Which is just like an ‘ENTER’ key).

Block Diagram of the Password based Circuit Breaker

PIC16F877 is the heart of this project, which takes input from keypad as password and displays the current status on a 16x2 LCD Display. For the demonstration purpose, I am using only two loads, which is controlled by two relays.

“1234” and “9876” are the two passwords used here for activating and deactivating the Load 1 and Load 2 respectively. As I mentioned in the above paragraph, don’t forget to enter ‘=’ after feeding the password. Press ‘ON/C’ Button to clear the screen.

Circuit Diagram of Password Circuit Breaker

Embedded C Code

#include <16f877.h>

#include <lcd_4bit.c>

#include <keypad.c>

#include <string.h>

#use delay(clock=4000000)

char u1[]="1234",U2[]="9876",p[10],k,v1[10];

int i=0,d1,d2,z1=1,z2=1;

void main()

{

char m[30];

lcd_init();

lcd_str("Password Based");

gotoxy(0,1);

lcd_str("Circuit Breaker");

delay_ms(1500);

l1:

lcd_clear();

lcd_str("Enter Password:");

gotoxy(0,1);

while(TRUE)

{

k=key();

if(k=='c')

{

lcd_clear();

gotoxy(0,0);

lcd_str("Enter Password:");

gotoxy(0,1);

i=0;

}

else if(k=='=')

{

p[i]='\0';

goto l;

}

else

{

lcd_str(k);

p[i]=k;

i++;

}

gotoxy(0,1);

d1=strcmp(u1,p);

d2=strcmp(u2,p);

if(d1==0)

{

gotoxy(0,0);

lcd_str("Correct Password");

gotoxy(0,1);

if(z1==1)

{

output_bit(PIN_C0,1);

lcd_str("Load 1 Active");

delay_ms(300);

z1==0;

goto l1;

}

else if(z1==0)

{

output_bit(PIN_C0,0);

lcd_str("Load 1 Inactive");

delay_ms(300);

z1==1;

goto l1;

}

else if(d2==0)

{

gotoxy(0,0);

lcd_str("Correct Password");

gotoxy(0,1);

if(z2==1)

{

output_bit(PIN_C1,1);

lcd_str("Load 2 Active");

delay_ms(300);

z2==0;

goto l1;

}

else if(z2==0)

{

output_bit(PIN_C1,0);

lcd_str("Load 2 Inactive");

delay_ms(300);

z2==1;

goto l1;

}

else

{

lcd_clear();

lcd_str("Wrong Pass");

delay_ms(300);

goto l1;

}

The C Code is compiled in PIC C CCS Compiler. Download The simulation, C-code and Project Files.

Interfacing DS1307 to PIC Microcontroller with C code and Circuit Diagram

2015-05-08T21:03:00.000+05:30

This tutorial will help you to interface DS1307 RTC with PIC16F877 Microcontroller. The project is compiled in CCS Compiler and simulated with Proteus. The Real Time Clock is interfaced with PIC controller via I2C. I2C is a 2 wire communication protocol. I2C is used for moving data from one device to another simply and quickly. It is a serial, synchronous, Bi-Directional protocol, the data is synchronised with clock through SCL pin and it controls when data is changed and when it should be read. All device is controlled by master device’s clock, No data is transferred in the absence of clock.
As mentioned above data is bi-directional, master device can both transmit and receive data. The serial data (SDA) and Serial Clock (SCL) pins must be pulled up with resistors, the value of resistors determine the speed of communication.

Circuit Diagram To Interface DS-1307 With PIC Microcontroller

Embedded C Program for DS-1307 I2C Communication

#include <16F877.h>

#include <lcd_4bit.c>

#use delay(clock=4000000)

#define RTC_SDA PIN_C4

#define RTC_SCL PIN_C3

#use i2c(master, sda=RTC_SDA, scl=RTC_SCL)

void rtc_get_time() ;

int convert(int k);

int sec,min,hr,k[20],z,k1[20];

int day1,date,month,year;

void main()

{

SETUP_ADC(ADC_OFF);

lcd_init();

while(1)

{

rtc_get_time();

lcd_cmd(0x80);

sprintf(k,"%02d:%02d:%02d",hr,min,sec);

lcd_array(k);

lcd_cmd(0xc0);

sprintf(k1,"%02d:%02d:%02d ",date,month,year,);

lcd_array(k1);

lcd_cmd(0xc9);

switch(day1)

{

case 1: lcd_str("Sunday");

break;

case 2: lcd_str("Monday");

break;

case 3: lcd_str("Tuesday");

break;

case 4: lcd_str("Wednesday");

break;

case 5: lcd_str("Thursday");

break;

case 6: lcd_str("Friday");

break;

case 7: lcd_str("Saturday");

break;

}

}

}

void rtc_get_time()

{

i2c_start();

i2c_write(0xD0);

i2c_write(0x00);

i2c_start();

i2c_write(0xD1);

sec = i2c_read();

min = i2c_read();

hr = i2c_read();

day1=i2c_read();

date=i2c_read();

month=i2c_read();

year=i2c_read(0);

i2c_stop();

sec= convert(sec);

min= convert(min);

hr= convert(hr);

day1= convert(day1);

date= convert(date);

month= convert(month);

year= convert(year);

z='a';

if(hr>12)

{

hr=hr-12;

z='p';

}

}

int convert(int k)

{

int a0,a1,a;

a0=((k&0x0F));

a1=k>>4;

a=((a1*10)+a0);

return a;

}

Above shows a simple program to read the Time value from DS-1307 IC. RTC Ds-1307 consumes very low power(500nA), so it can be backup by a battery for power failure issues. For DS1307, the device address is D0. The data, for example seconds value, located in the zeroth register is taken and converted from BCD to integer, before displaying it on the LCD. We can also write the Time value to Ds1307 registers one by one.

Simple Digital Clock using Ds-1307 and PIC Microcontroller

Download links for Embedded C Program, Simulation files for proteus and Header File for 16x2 LCD Display.

Password based Door locking system using PIC Microcontroller

2014-11-21T15:45:00.001+05:30

This is a Password based Door locking system with GSM. The project mainly consisting of PIC microcontroller (16F877), 16x2 LCD Display, GSM Modem, Keypad and misc.(Relay, Crystal oscillator, power supply which is not shown in circuit diagram) The program is compiled using PICC Compiler and simulated on Proteus 8. All Header and simulation files are given at the bottom of this post. The default password is set as 123.

This project can be implemented anywhere where, higher security is required. If the user enters correct password, that is “123”, the relay gets active and opens the door. If an un-authorised person trying to access the system and enters the password incorrectly three times, the system gets locked and alert the owner by sms using Gsm modem. Once the system gets locked a count down timer will appear on lcd and you have to wait that predetermined time period.

Embedded C Program

#include <16f877.h>
#include <lcd_4bit.c>
#include <keypad.c>
#include <string.h>
#use delay(clock=4000000)
#use rs232(baud=9600, xmit=PIN_C6, rcv=PIN_C7)
void main()
{
char m[30];
signed int ss=60,mm=10,hh=00; //Setting the Count Down Timer.
int count=3;
lcd_init();
lcd_str("Password Door");
gotoxy(0,1);
lcd_str("Locking System");
delay_ms(1500);
char u[]="123",p[10],k; //set Password as 123
l1:
int i=0,d;
lcd_clear();
lcd_str("Enter Password:");
gotoxy(0,1);
while(TRUE)
{
k=key();
if(k=='c')
{
lcd_clear();
gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_str("Enter Password:");
gotoxy(0,1);
i=0;
}
else if(k=='=')
{
p[i]='\0';
goto l;
}
else
{
lcd_str(k);
p[i]=k;
i++;
}
}
l:
gotoxy(0,1);
d=strcmp(u,p);
if(d==0)
{
count=3;
gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_str("Correct Password");
delay_ms(500);
gotoxy(0,1);
lcd_str("Door Opening.."); // Here you can activate Relay or anything
delay_ms(1500);
goto l1;
}
else
{
lcd_str("Wrong...");
count--;
if(count==0)
{
lcd_clear();
lcd_str("SYSTEM LOCKED");
printf("AT\r"); //GSM Configuration
delay_ms(10);
printf("AT+CMGF=1\r");
delay_ms(10);
printf("AT+CMGS=+91999500xxxx\r"); //Set the mobile Number to receive sms alert.
delay_ms(10);
printf("Door Security Alert!!"); //Alerting Message.
delay_ms(10);
putc(0x1A);
delay_ms(100);
goto timer;
}
delay_ms(1500);
goto l1;
}
timer:
while(1)
{
ss--;
delay_ms(1000);
if(ss==0)
{
ss=60;
mm--;
if(mm<0)
{
mm=59;
hh--;
if(hh<0)
{
goto l1;
}
}
}
gotoxy(2,1);
sprintf(m,"%02d:%02d:%02d",hh,mm,ss);
lcd_array(m);
}
}

Circuit Diagram

This project is not tested using hardwares. The GSM Modem is simulated using Virtual Terminal. After entering the password using keypad press “=” button.

GSM Configuration

Download Headers and Simulation files.

Communication Aid for Deaf and Dumb Peoples

2014-08-27T10:44:00.000+05:30

Deaf and Dumb people communicate with each other and others in many areas of everyday life. Often they need support to communicate effectively with each other. The project aims to develop a complete Portable Communication Aid for deaf and dumb. A flex sensor glove along with MEMS Accelerometer is used to convert the sign language to voice. The PDA with voice to text converter converts voice to text format.

The 3 axis Mems and Flex sensor glove is connected to the ADC channels of the LPC 2138 Microcontroller. According to the digital output values from Mems and Flex sensor, The microcontroller recognize the corresponding letter and transmits to voice recorder IC through SPI module. The IC converts these to voice format.

The project also includes a PDA with voice to text converter which converts the voice into corresponding text format and transmits to the microcontroller through Bluetooth. Bluetooth is interfaced to the UART module of the microcontroller. The microcontroller also includes a LCD module which displays the text.

RFID Based Parcel/Cargo Tracking System

2014-05-06T20:59:00.000+05:30

As the technology is growing at a faster pace, everyone prefers for online services. Coming to this project, the aim of this project is to deliver the parcel or courier at the destination address and also update the location of the parcel in the internet.

The parcel will be attached with an RFID tag. This tag contains a unique number which cannot be modified. As the parcel travels many postal departments in various regions before reaching the destination, it will read in every region. Every postal department contains the RFID reader. The significant advantage of all types of RFID systems is the non contact, non-line-of-sight nature of the technology. Tags can be read through a variety of substances such as snow, fog, ice, paint, crusted grime, and other visually and environmentally challenging conditions, where barcodes or other optically read technologies would be useless. The reader reads each and every parcel and automatically sends the unique number in the tag to the microcontroller. The microcontroller displays this number on LCD along with the area it is currently in.

The users can check the current location of the parcel by GPS. Thus, there is no worry that the parcels are reached safely or not. The controlling system continuously updates the current location of the parcel.

WiFi Controlled Robotic Vehicle - Electronic Project Abstract

2014-02-03T21:01:00.005+05:30

This project is a robot vehicle that can be controlled through any computer wirelessly using a WiFi link. It transmits real-time video to the controlling computer using the same link. The video transmitting camera mounted on it. It also has obstacle detection,temperature,sound and light sensitivity feature.

Usually robots are controlled through a laptop using an WiFi link which is subject to attenuation, noise and has a very limited range as well. This project features a robot that uses WiFi 802.11G standard for its control signals through TCP/IP protocol, which has flow control. This enables uninterrupted and reliable transmission of control signal to the robot vehicle. WiFi support high data rates which enables good quality uninterrupted video transmission from the robot to the computer. Image capturing is done by mounting an IP-camera over the Robotic Car. Obstacle detection is done by using IR sensors which receives signal from IR transmitter when the obstacle is detected. Light sensing capability is another supporting feature added to the robot for its flexible operation, it is done by using Light dependent resistors.

It is applicable is areas like blocked tunnels, pipe lines and enemy zones which are not reachable due to high risk level, blockage or because of our physical limitations.

This Project is a robot vehicle which is wirelessly controllable through any laptop, it transmits live video wirelessly to the controlling laptop, it can detect obstructions which comes in its path way, and can also sense dark places and efficiently uses its lights to support efficient use of camera even in dark places.

Robot vehicle has the following features enabled:

Wireless controlled and maneuvered through a laptop using a WiFi link.
Obstacle detection feature with which any hurdle in its path is detected and the robot stops.
Wi-Fi enabled transmission of live digital video to the controller laptop or PC.
Wireless Live Camera for capturing and transmitted to the PC
Light sensitivity: It would turn its lights on recognizing if it is dark.
Audio Sensitivity; It can recognize sound
Temperature Sensitivity: It can recognize temperature

WiFi Controlled Robotic Vehicle - Electronic Project Abstract

2014-02-03T21:01:00.004+05:30

Usually robots are controlled through a laptop using an WiFi link which is subject to attenuation, noise and has a very limited range as well. This project features a robot that uses WiFi 802.11G standard for its control signals through TCP/IP protocol, which has flow control. This enables uninterrupted and reliable transmission of control signal to the robot vehicle. WiFi support high data rates which enables good quality uninterrupted video transmission from the robot to the computer. Image capturing is done by mounting an IP-camera over the Robotic Car. Obstacle detection is done by using IR sensors which receives signal from IR transmitter when the obstacle is detected. Light sensing capability is another supporting feature added to the robot for its flexible operation, it is done by using Light dependent resistors.

It is applicable is areas like blocked tunnels, pipe lines and enemy zones which are not reachable due to high risk level, blockage or because of our physical limitations.

This Project is a robot vehicle which is wirelessly controllable through any laptop, it transmits live video wirelessly to the controlling laptop, it can detect obstructions which comes in its path way, and can also sense dark places and efficiently uses its lights to support efficient use of camera even in dark places.

Robot vehicle has the following features enabled:

· Wireless controlled and maneuvered through a laptop using a WiFi link.
· Obstacle detection feature with which any hurdle in its path is detected and the robot stops.
· Wi-Fi enabled transmission of live digital video to the controller laptop or PC.
· Wireless Live Camera for capturing and transmitted to the PC
· Light sensitivity: It would turn its lights on recognizing if it is dark.
· Audio Sensitivity; It can recognize sound
Temperature Sensitivity: It can recognize temperature

WiFi Controlled Robotic Vehicle - Electronic Project Abstract

2014-02-03T21:01:00.003+05:30

It is applicable is areas like blocked tunnels, pipe lines and enemy zones which are not reachable due to high risk level, blockage or because of our physical limitations.

Robot vehicle has the following features enabled:

· Wireless controlled and maneuvered through a laptop using a WiFi link.
· Obstacle detection feature with which any hurdle in its path is detected and the robot stops.
· Wi-Fi enabled transmission of live digital video to the controller laptop or PC.
· Wireless Live Camera for capturing and transmitted to the PC
· Light sensitivity: It would turn its lights on recognizing if it is dark.
· Audio Sensitivity; It can recognize sound
Temperature Sensitivity: It can recognize temperature

WiFi Controlled Robotic Vehicle - Electronic Project Abstract

2014-02-03T21:01:00.001+05:30

It is applicable is areas like blocked tunnels, pipe lines and enemy zones which are not reachable due to high risk level, blockage or because of our physical limitations.

Robot vehicle has the following features enabled:

· Wireless controlled and maneuvered through a laptop using a WiFi link.
· Obstacle detection feature with which any hurdle in its path is detected and the robot stops.
· Wi-Fi enabled transmission of live digital video to the controller laptop or PC.
· Wireless Live Camera for capturing and transmitted to the PC
· Light sensitivity: It would turn its lights on recognizing if it is dark.
· Audio Sensitivity; It can recognize sound
Temperature Sensitivity: It can recognize temperature

WiFi Controlled Robotic Vehicle - Electronic Project Abstract

2014-02-03T21:01:00.000+05:30

It is applicable is areas like blocked tunnels, pipe lines and enemy zones which are not reachable due to high risk level, blockage or because of our physical limitations.

Robot vehicle has the following features enabled:

· Wireless controlled and maneuvered through a laptop using a WiFi link.
· Obstacle detection feature with which any hurdle in its path is detected and the robot stops.
· Wi-Fi enabled transmission of live digital video to the controller laptop or PC.
· Wireless Live Camera for capturing and transmitted to the PC
· Light sensitivity: It would turn its lights on recognizing if it is dark.
· Audio Sensitivity; It can recognize sound
Temperature Sensitivity: It can recognize temperature

How New Mobile Devices Charge Themselves?

2014-01-13T20:04:00.002+05:30

Photo: firstpost.com

It has happened to everyone at some time: Just when you were in the middle of an animated conversation with someone on your cellphone, the battery gave up its ghost and went dead on you. Cursing the phone or even yourself had not helped any, had it? It is precisely with this in mind that various entities have been trying to get the batteries recharge themselves.

UCLA Finds a Way

UCLA Materials Science Department has found a way to make cell phone batteries recharge themselves even if they are being used continuously. In fact, recharging will get progressively higher as the usage of phone gets higher and higher.

The Methodology

There are two polarized transparent sheets in the display of a smartphone. These sheets hold pixels or LCD molecules intact between them. When the phone gets switched on, the backlight becomes active. This backlight makes its way through the sheets and lights up the screen. 75% of the power is used up by the sheets in the process.

Nokia’s Solution

Nokia has come up with something that attempts to provide relief to Standby Mode in a cell phone which has always borne the brunt of accusers who berate it for draining energy in cell phones. A phone left in standby mode can recharges itself, according to Nokia.

Using Radio Waves

Ambient radio waves transmitted by TV and radio stations and signals from mobile phones are present everywhere in the atmosphere. These waves possess energy in very small quantities but Nokia has found a way to channelize this energy to recharge mobile phones when they are left in standby mode. This feat has been achieved by Nokia Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.

New Idea? Not at all

The idea is not exactly new. Radio waves are used to power Radio Frequency Identification tags used in shipping already. Nokia, instead of harvesting the energy in the surrounding area, which would only be a few microwatts anyway, aims to draw in more power from signals miles away; it can draw power in the range of a thousand microwatts. Energy drawn from each individual signal will be insignificant but when numerous sources are added together, it will be sufficient for the phone to get recharged by itself.

Back to the Future

Going back some 12 decades, idea of transfer of energy sans wires was first put forward by Nicola Tesla in as early as 1893. He wanted to send power to the U.S. through wireless means. Nokia, perhaps, had taken inspiration from him; it has built a couple of simple circuits and a wide-band antenna to receive energy from frequencies ranging from 500 megahertz to 10 gigahertz. The radio waves will be converted into electric current by one circuit and the other will offer this current to the battery to recharge itself.

Increasing Energy Levels

One obvious impediment one faces here is that the power drawn from radio signals has to be higher than the power used to operate the device. Even 20 milliwatts which is possible now may not be enough to use the phone for calls though it can indeed be in standby mode without losing power. The company hopes to harvest around 50 milliwatts in order to keep the battery charged full at all times.

Written By: Jeremy Stark is the online admin for RouletteChatSites and manages their reputation management also. Besides working as a rep manager and admin, he also looks after their online branding and content development team.

Are Robot Cars Smoother, Safer Drivers Than People

2014-01-04T18:18:00.000+05:30

This is a question that many people have currently as robotic cars begin to become more of a reality in the modern world. Whether it's the one being developed by Google or all the other automatic vehicles that are being developed, it's a very exciting time to be alive if you love technology. Still, many people wonder if computers can replace humans as drivers and do a better job. Over at the MIT Technology Review, they've taken a closer look at this problem.

Photo credits: Juhan Sonin

Chris Urmson - from Google - made the claim earlier this year that Google's auto-driving Prius and Lexus cars are smoother than humans. He made the announcement at a robotics conference this summer in Santa Clara, California.

“We’re spending less time in near-collision states,” Urmson told the MIT Technology Review. “Our car is driving more smoothly and more safely than our trained professional drivers.”

This is likely to continue getting better as Google and other companies improve the technology. There's even a race for automatic cars and vehicles that drive themselves. It's contests like these that help improve the technology more quickly.

Still, according to MIT and others, driverless cars may be further away than you think. In an article published in October of 2013, MIT Technology Review looked at the current state of the technology and how far things must go before cars that drive themselves are as prominent as regular automobiles that require a driver.

Here's a look at some specific reasons driverless cars aren't ready for primetime yet.

More Testing - One thing is for certain - a lot more testing is needed. While Google and others have been testing cars that drive themselves, a lot more needs to be done before these vehicles are let loose on the streets.

Legal Concerns - Additionally, who's at fault if a car with no driver gets into an accident? The owner? The manufacturer of the car? This is a question that's going to have to be answered before driverless cars are let loose on the roads.

Robot cars might not have the best reputation right now, but that is definitely changing. As more time and money is spent developing cars that drive themselves, the technology is going to get better. If you look at Moore's Law, this could speed up quite a bit in the coming years. The question of whether people will accept them or not still remains.

Perhaps if insurance companies give customers who drive automated cars a break on their insurance premiums, they may become very popular really quick. For now, it's just a matter of time - waiting for the cars to be developed as well as waiting for them to be deployed on the streets.

Written by: Susan Dimples

Vehicle Over-speed Detection and Tracking system-Electronic Project

2013-08-27T19:51:00.000+05:30

An automatic mobile speed violation detection and response system for identifying vehicles traveling in excess of a predetermined speed and providing a response to this violation is proposed. The mobile speed violation detection device includes: measurement of target vehicle speed and outputting signal indicative of the measured speed; capturing license plate data on the RF ID tag affixed to the target vehicle when vehicle exceeds the predetermined speed; identifying the location of the speed violating vehicle; tagging the captured RF ID based license plate data with vehicle speed and location data; wireless communication of transmitting speed, license plate data, location data and local speed limit to and from the information system.

This system is designed to monitor and control the speed of vehicles through wireless network. Zigbee is used for wireless communication in this system. The normal speed of the vehicle is stored in a system with zigbee. It transmits the speed to the system inside the vehicle which is designed using a microcontroller. The speed transmitted is received to the microcontroller through zigbee and the it is compared with the speed of the vehicle. If the speed of the vehicle is more,then a LED connected to the microcontroller is turned on as over speed alert. If the Led remains on after 5 sec that means the speed is not reduced and therefore a sms of overspeed is sent through the GSM to the authorities mobile including the number and location of the vehicle. The location of the vehicle is tracked through GPS interfaced to the controller. The main part of the system is microcontroller and we use ARM-7 based LPC 2138 which is ideal for our project. Zigbee,GSM and GPS modules are interfaced to the serial port of the controller. Led is interfaced to the i/o port of the microcontroller.

Live Traffic Controlling System

2013-08-27T10:59:00.000+05:30

This project aims to design a Live traffic system. This project consists of GSM module, LED display, LPC 2138, and ZIG-BEE module. This system is mainly applicable for traffic maintaining. A speed governor will be there in vehicle which is used to reduce the speed of vehicle. A speed limit board will be placed on the certain area and this system consists of GSM module, LED display and microcontroller board. Traffic police could control the speed limit showing the LED display via internet. And this speed range will be send to all vehicles through zigbee module. With the help of motor control we can reduce the speed of vehicle .Traffic polices could control the speed of every vehicles in a certain area. For installing this system we can reduce the road accidents in school limit areas, city limit areas etc.

Fire Fighting Robot Project Abstract

2013-08-27T10:48:00.000+05:30

The need for a device that can detect and extinguish a fire on its own is long past due. Many house fires originate when someone is either sleeping or not home. With the invention of such a device, people and property can be saved at a much higher rate with relatively minimal damage caused by the fire. Our task is to design and build a prototype system that could autonomously detect and extinguish a fire.

The system uses a fire detector module which gives analog output voltage according to the intensity of fire.The detector is rotated through 180 degree using a servomotor which gives wide angle for detection.When fire is sensed,the Robot is redirected to the position of fire and the pump is turned on.Water is pumped till the sensor detects no fire.

Home Automation System using Android Phones

2013-08-27T10:38:00.000+05:30

This project aims to develop a system by which the user can control home appliances directly from their android phone via Bluetooth. Although home automation today is not a new thing but most advanced home automation systems in existence today require a big and expensive change of infrastructure. This means that it often is not feasible to install a home automation system in an existing building. Develop a home automation application to control electrical appliances in home from his or her android smart phone. In the smart phone application user can select actions what should happen with electrical and/or electronic devices in the home. The home appliances are connected to the input/output ports of the embedded system board and their status is passed to the Android Smart Phone.

Aerodynamic Parameter Monitoring and Reporting System

2013-08-27T10:27:00.000+05:30

Aerodynamic parameter estimation is an integral part of the Aerosystem design. This project develops an Aerodynamic Monitor for estimating Aerodynamic parameters like speed,location,altitude,Temperature,Pressure,Light etc. The system mainly uses a GPS(Global Positioning System) that provides reliable location,altitude and time information in all weather conditions. The main part of the system is LPC 2138 ARM-7 Microcontroller to which the GPS is interfaced. The system uses Zigbee for wireless communication which is also interfaced to the Microcontroller. The GPS values are transmitted through the Zigbee and exact position can be viewed in the Google map. The temperature,Pressure and light parameters can also be determined by the sensors interfaced to the Microcontroller. The air parameters transmitted through Zigbee can be monitored in the user's PC.

Binary Frequency Shift Keying (BFSK) using 555 Timer

2013-08-09T21:00:00.000+05:30

Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a type of frequency modulation scheme in which the digital information is transmitted through discrete frequency changes of a carrier wave. The simplest FSK is binary FSK (BFSK). BFSK transmits only the binary information of a message signal, zeros or ones.

Circuit Diagram

In Binary Frequency Shift Keying (BFSK) system, the carrier frequency is switched between two frequencies according to the binary input. The 555 timer functions in astable mode. The frequency of operation is given by the expression

Fo = 1.45/(Ra+2Rb)

If the resistor Ra varies, the frequency varies. When the input is at logic 1, the transistor turn ON and effectively resistance of Ra decreases, because transistor offers a resistance of a few ohms in parallel to Ra. This makes the frequency of operation less. The potentiometer Ra is used to fine tune the frequency. When the input is at logic 1, frequency of operation is given by the expression

Fo = 1.45/(Ra//R + 2Rb)

OUTPUT WAVEFORMS

555 Astable Frequency Calculator Tool online

Simple Object/Visitors Counter Circuit using LDR

2013-07-25T19:51:00.000+05:30

After a short time off, I am back with a simple object/visitor detecting and counting circuit, dedicated to all electronics hobbiests. This project counts how many objects or persons passed through its field of visibility. In order to keep the circuit simple, it is implemented with a single digit seven segment display, so it can count only up to 9. It is also possible to extend the count by interfacing more seven segment display and its driver IC’s (CD4033). This simple electronics project mainly consists of two sections

1. Transmitter Section

2. Receiver Section

The Transmitter Section

It consists of only an ordinary LED and a 3V battery. By wiring it correctly the LED glows. Mount the battery inside a case, by protruding the led out of it. This will function as the transmitter. You can even use a laser, flash light or any other light source for longer range.

Tip: How to make a LED Lamp powered by 230v AC?

Circuit Diagram of Transmitter

The Receiver Section

The receiver mainly consists of an LDR(Light Dependent Resistor), CD4033 IC, a common cathode 7 segment display and a 6v battery to power the circuit.

Circuit Diagram of Simple Object Counter

The Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) lowers its resistivity when light falls on it. This makes the NPN transistor (SL 100) to be forward biased. The voltage or current from the collector terminal is feed to the BCD to 7 segment counter IC, CD4033. This IC is capable of driving common cathode seven segment display. The count can be incremented by giving a positive voltage to its clock input or by any suitable electromagnetic radiation to its clock pin (Pin1).

Align the transmitter LED and Receiver LDR closely, keeping a space to pass the objects to be counted. Now, switch on the circuit, the 7 segment display may show zero initially if the wiring is made correctly. Just interrupt the direct falling of light from led to the ldr, by passing any suitable opaque objects in between the transmitter and receiver. Then you can see the counter increments and counting the number of objects passed!!