NURSING DIGITAL LIBRARY

The 101 Most Useful Websites

2012-01-13T20:18:00.000-08:00

Useful Websites Worth a Bookmark!

The sites mentioned here, well most of them, solve at least one problem really well and they all have simple web addresses (URLs) that you can easily learn by heart thus saving you a trip to Google.

01. screenr.com – record movies of your desktop and send them straight to YouTube.
02. bounceapp.com – for capturing full length screenshots of web pages.
03. goo.gl – shorten long URLs and convert URLs into QR codes.
04. untiny.me – find the original URLs that's hiding behind a short URLs.
05. qClock – find the local time of a city using a Google Map.
06. copypastecharacter.com – copy special characters that aren't on your keyboard.
07. postpost.com – a better search engine for twitter.
08. lovelycharts.com – create flowcharts, network diagrams, sitemaps, etc.
09. iconfinder.com – the best place to find icons of all sizes.
10. office.com – download templates, clipart and images for your Office documents.
11. followupthen.com – the easiest way to setup email reminders.
12. jotti.org – scan any suspicious file or email attachment for viruses.
13. wolframalpha.com – gets answers directly without searching - see more wolfram tips.
14. printwhatyoulike.com – print web pages without the clutter.
15. joliprint.com – reformats news articles and blog content as a newspaper.
16. ctrql.org – a search engine for RSS feeds.
17. e.ggtimer.com – a simple online timer for your daily needs.
18. coralcdn.org – if a site is down due to heavy traffic, try accessing it through coral CDN.
19. random.org – pick random numbers, flip coins, and more.
20. pdfescape.com – lets you can quickly edit PDFs in the browser itself.
21. viewer.zoho.com – Preview PDFs and Presentations directly in the browser.
22. tubemogul.com – simultaneously upload videos to YouTube and other video sites.
23. dabbleboard.com – your virtual whiteboard.
24. scr.im – share you email address online without worrying about spam.
25. spypig.com – now get read receipts for your email.
26. sizeasy.com – visualize and compare the size of any product.
27. myfonts.com/WhatTheFont – quickly determine the font name from an image.
28. google.com/webfonts – a good collection of open source fonts.
29. regex.info – find data hidden in your photographs – see more EXIF tools.
30. livestream.com – broadcast events live over the web, including your desktop screen.
31. iwantmyname.com – helps you search domains across all TLDs.
32. homestyler.com – design from scratch or re-model your home in 3d.
33. join.me – share you screen with anyone over the web.
34. onlineocr.net – recognize text from scanned PDFs - see other OCR tools.
35. flightstats.com - Track flight status at airports worldwide.
36. wetransfer.com – for sharing really big files online.
37. pastebin.com – a temporary online clipboard for your text and code snippets.
38. polishmywriting.com – check your writing for spelling or grammatical errors.
39. marker.to – easily highlight the important parts of a web page for sharing.
40. typewith.me – work on the same document with multiple people.
41. whichdateworks.com – planning an event? find a date that works for all.
42. everytimezone.com – a less confusing view of the world time zones.
43. gtmetrix.com – the perfect tool for measuring your site performance online.
44. noteflight.com – print music sheets, write your own music online (review).
45. imo.im - chat with your buddies on Skype, Facebook, Google Talk, etc. from one place.
46. translate.google.com – translate web pages, PDFs and Office documents.
47. kleki.com – create paintings and sketches with a wide variety of brushes.
48. similarsites.com – discover new sites that are similar to what you like already.
49. wordle.net – quick summarize long pieces of text with tag clouds.
50. bubbl.us – create mind-maps, brainstorm ideas in the browser.
51. kuler.adobe.com – get color ideas, also extract colors from photographs.
52. liveshare.com – share your photos in an album instantly.
53. lmgtfy.com – when your friends are too lazy to use Google on their own.
54. midomi.com – when you need to find the name of a song.
55. bing.com/images – automatically find perfectly-sized wallpapers for mobiles.
56. faxzero.com – send an online fax for free – see more fax services.
57. feedmyinbox.com – get RSS feeds as an email newsletter.
58. ge.tt – quickly send a file to someone, they can even preview it before downloading.
59. pipebytes.com – transfer files of any size without uploading to a third-party server.
60. tinychat.com – setup a private chat room in micro-seconds.
61. privnote.com – create text notes that will self-destruct after being read.
62. boxoh.com – track the status of any shipment on Google Maps – alternative.
63. chipin.com – when you need to raise funds online for an event or a cause.
64. downforeveryoneorjustme.com – find if your favorite website is offline or not?
65. ewhois.com – find the other websites of a person with reverse Analytics lookup.
66. whoishostingthis.com – find the web host of any website.
67. google.com/history – found something on Google but can't remember it now?
68. aviary.com/myna – an online audio editor that lets record, and remix audio clips online.
69. disposablewebpage.com – create a temporary web page that self-destruct.
70. urbandictionary.com – find definitions of slangs and informal words.
71. seatguru.com – consult this site before choosing a seat for your next flight.
72. sxc.hu – download stock images absolutely free.
73. zoom.it – view very high-resolution images in your browser without scrolling.
74. scribblemaps.com – create custom Google Maps easily.
75. alertful.com – quickly setup email reminders for important events.
76. encrypted.google.com – prevent your ISP and boss from reading your search queries.
77. formspring.me – you can ask or answer personal questions here.
78. sumopaint.com – an excellent layer-based online image editor.
79. snopes.com – find if that email offer you received is real or just another scam.
80. typingweb.com – master touch-typing with these practice sessions.
81. mailvu.com – send video emails to anyone using your web cam.
82. timerime.com – create timelines with audio, video and images.
83. stupeflix.com – make a movie out of your images, audio and video clips.
84. safeweb.norton.com – check the trust level of any website.
85. teuxdeux.com – a beautiful to-do app that looks like your paper dairy.
86. deadurl.com – you'll need this when your bookmarked web pages are deleted.
87. minutes.io – quickly capture effective notes during meetings.
88. youtube.com/leanback – Watch YouTube channels in TV mode.
89. youtube.com/disco – quickly create a video playlist of your favorite artist.
90. talltweets.com – Send tweets longer than 140 characters.
91. pancake.io – create a free and simple website using your Dropbox account.
92. builtwith.com – find the technology stack of any website.
93. woorank.com – research a website from the SEO perspective.
94. mixlr.com – broadcast live audio over the web.
95. radbox.me – bookmark online videos and watch them later (review).
96. tagmydoc.com – add QR codes to your documents and presentations (review).
97. notes.io – the easiest way to write short text notes in the browser.
98. ctrlq.org/html-mail – send rich-text mails to anyone, anonymously.
99. fiverr.com – hire people to do little things for $5.
100. otixo.com – easily manage your online files on Dropbox, Google Docs, etc.
101. ifttt.com – create a connection between all your online accounts.

Courtesy: Digital Inspiration

Nursing Previous Year Question Papers

2012-01-12T23:35:00.000-08:00

Nusing Calculators

2012-01-11T18:52:00.000-08:00

PO & IV dosage calculator calculates liquid medications such as acetaminophen elixir. calculates IV medications such as furosemide and digoxin
mcg/kg/min as mL/hr calculates IV medication rates such as nitroprusside and dopamine
mL/hr as mcg/kg/min calculates the dose of medications infusing such as dobutamine and nitroprusside
Drug absorption (Pka) determines how well a medication will be absorbed into the body
Ideal Body Weight (IBW) compares an individuals weight against a statistical norm
Adjusted Body Weight (ABW) calculates the ABW in obese persons for more accurate drug dosing
Inches to centimeters converts inch and centimeter lengths
Pounds to kilograms converts pound and kilogram weights
Table of common infusions & apothecary equivalents now includes a page on dopamine dosing
IV rate (mL/hr) calculates IV rates when given a time limit when IV must be infused
mL/hr to dose/hr calculates the dose of medications infusing such as heparin
mL/hr to mcg/min calculates the dose of medications infusing such as nitroglycerine and norepinephrine

Be sure to visit the developers site for complete installation instructions

To download Click here

NURSING MANAGEMENT

2012-01-11T01:03:00.000-08:00

NURSING MANAGEMENT

UNIT I: INTRODUCTION

Administer derived from the Latin word ―ad ministraire- to care for or to look after people to manage affairs. Administration is the activities of groups co-operating to accomplish common goals. -Herbert A Simon Administration may be defined as the management of affairs with the use of well thought out principles and practices and rationalized techniques to achieve certain objectives. - Goel
DEFINITION: ADMINISTRATION:
Administration is the organization and direction of human and material resources to achieve desired ends‖ - Pfiffner and presthus
Administration has to do with getting things done; with the accomplishment of defined objectives. - Luther Gullick
MANAGEMENT:
• Management may be defined as the art of securing maximum results with a minimum of effort so as to secure maximum prosperity and happiness for both employer and employee and give the public the best possible service. - John Mee
• Management is distinct process consisting of planning, organising, actuating, activating and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish the objectives by the use of people and resources. - George
Management and Administration: These two words are slightly similar and can employ interchangeable.
Management‘ refers to private sector. Whereas administration refers to public sector.
Management or Administration is the process for exceeding the goal expected."
- Derek French and Heather Saward.
Difference between administration and management
Basis of difference
Administration
Management
Nature of work
It is concerned about the determination of objectives and major policies of an organization

It puts into action the policies and plans laid down by the administration.

Type of function
It is a determinative function
It is an executive function

Scope
It takes major decisions of an enterprise as a whole
It takes decisions within the framework set by the administration.

Level of authority
It is a top-level activity.
It is a middle level activity

Nature of status
It consists of owners who invest capital in and receive profits from an enterprise.
It is a group of managerial personnel who use their specialized knowledge to fulfill the objectives of an enterprise

Nature of usage
It is popular with government, military, educational, and religious organizations.
It is used in business enterprises.

Decision making
Its decisions are influenced by public opinion, government policies, social, and religious factors.
Its decisions are influenced by the values, opinions, and beliefs of the managers.

Main functions
Planning and organizing functions are involved in it.
Motivating and controlling functions are involved in it.

Abilities
It needs administrative rather than technical abilities.
It requires technical activities

Managerial Concerns: Efficiency - ―Doing things right‖ Getting the most output for the least inputs Effectiveness - ―Doing the right things‖ Attaining organizational goals .

Who are Managers?
Someone who coordinates and overseas the work of other people so that organizational goals are accomplished. First-line Managers Individuals who manage the work of non-managerial employees. Middle Managers Individuals who manage the work of first-line managers. Top Managers Individuals who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing plans and goals that affect the entire organization. Functions:
• Planning - Defining goals, establishing strategies to achieve goals, developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities.
• Organizing - Arranging and structuring work to accomplish organizational goals.
• Leading - Working with and through people to accomplish goals.
• Controlling - Monitoring, comparing, and correcting work.

Role:
• Interpersonal roles - Figurehead, leader, liaison
• Informational roles - Monitor, disseminator, Spokesperson
• Decisional roles - Entrepreneur, Disturbance handler, resource allocator, negotiator

Skills:
• Technical skills - Knowledge and proficiency in a specific field
• Human skills - The ability to work well with other people
• Conceptual skills - The ability to think and conceptualize about abstract and complex situations concerning the organization

Importance of management: The Value of Studying Management:
The universality of management
Good management is needed in all organizations.
The reality of work
Employees either manage or are managed.
Rewards and challenges of being a manager
Management offers challenging, exciting and creative opportunities for meaningful and fulfilling work.
Successful managers receive significant monetary rewards for their efforts.

PHILOSOPHIES OF ADMINISTRATION
Philosophy is based on the following key points: Administration believes in:
• Cost effectiveness
• Execution and control of work plans
• Delegation of responsibility
• Human relations and good morale
• Effective communication
• Flexibility in certain situation

PRINCIPLES OF ADMINISTRATION
Meaning of management principles: Management principles are statements of fundamental truth which act as guidelines for taking managerial action. Management principles are derived and developed in the following two steps. (a) Deep Observations (b) Repeated experiments Henri Fayol (1841 - 1925): Graduated from the National School of Mines in Saint Etrenne in 1860
Fayol’s 14 principles of management
1. Division of Work. Specialization allows the individual to build up experience, and to continuously improve his skills. Thereby he can be more productive. Small task, Competent, Specialization, Efficiency, Effectiveness
2. Principle of Authority and Responsibility Authority means power to take decisions. Responsibility means obligation to complete the job assigned
3. Principle of discipline: General rules and regulations for systematic working in an organization.
4. Principle of unity of command: Employee should receive orders from one boss only
5. Unity of direction: All the efforts of the members and employees of the organization must be directed to one direction that is the achievement of common goal.
6. Subordination of individual interest to general interest: Subordination of individual interest to general interest the interest of the organization must supersede the interest of the individuals.
7. Principle of remuneration of persons: Employees must be paid fairly or adequately to give them maximum satisfaction
8. Principle of centralization and decentralization: Centralization refers to concentration of power in few hands. Decentralization means evenly distribution of power at every level.
9. Principle of scalar chain: Means line of authority or chain of superiors from highest to lowest rank
10. Principle of Order: Principle of Order It refers to orderly arrangement of men and material a fixed place for everything and everyone in the organization
11. Principle of Equity: Principle of Equity Fair and just treatment to employees.
12. Stability of tenure of personnel: Stability of tenure of personnel No frequent termination or transfer.
13. Principle of Initiative: Principle of Initiative Employees must be given opportunity to take some initiative in making and executing a plan
14. Principle of Esprit De Corps: Principle of Esprit De Corps Means union is strength.

ELEMENTS OF ADMINISTRATION: POSDCORB”
• Planning
• Organizing
• Staffing
• Directing
• Co-ordinating
• Reporting
• Budgeting

SCOPE OF ADMINISTRATION
 Political: Functions of the administration includes the executive –legislative relationship.
 Defensive: It covers the hospital protective functions.

 Economic: Concerns with the vast area of the health care activities.
 Educational: Its involves educational administration in its broadest senses.
 Legislative: It includes most not mealy delegated legislation, but the preparatory work done by the administrative officials.
 Financial: It includes the whole of financial, budget, inventory control managements.
 Social: It includes the activities of the department s concerned with food, social factors.
 Local: It concerned with the activities of the local bodies.

INDIAN CONSTITUTION
Introduction
The majority of the Indian subcontinent was under British colonial rule from 1858 to 1947. This period saw the gradual rise of the Indian nationalist movement to gain independence from the foreign rule. The movement culminated in the formation of the on 15 August 1947, along with the Dominion of Pakistan. The constitution of India was adopted on 26 January 1950, which proclaimed India to be a sovereign democratic republic.
Evolution of the Constitution Acts of British Parliament before 1935
After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British Parliament took over the reign of India from the British East India Company, and British India came under the direct rule of the Crown. The British Parliament passed the Government of India Act of 1858 to this effect, which set up the structure of British government in India.
Government of India Act 1935
The provisions of the Government of India Act of 1935, though never implemented fully, had a great impact on the constitution of India. The federal structure of government, provincial autonomy, bicameral legislature consisting of a federal assembly and a Council of States, separation of legislative powers between center and provinces are some of the provisions of the Act which are present in the Indian constitution.
The Cabinet Mission Plan
In 1946, at the initiative of British Prime Minister Clement Attlee, a cabinet mission to India was formulated to discuss and finalize plans for the transfer of power from the British Raj to Indian leadership and providing India with independence under Dominion status in the Commonwealth of Nations. The Mission discussed the framework of the constitution and laid

down in some detail the procedure to be followed by the constitution drafting body. Elections for the 296 seats assigned to the British Indian provinces were completed by August 1946. The Constituent Assembly first met and began work on 9 December 1946.

Indian Independence Act 1947
The Indian Independence Act, which came into force on 18 July 1947, divided the British Indian territory into two new states of India and Pakistan, which were to be dominions under the Commonwealth of Nations until their constitutions were in effect.
Constituent Assembly
The Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, which was elected by the elected members of the provincial assemblies. Jawaharlal Nehru, C. Rajagopalachari, Rajendra Prasad, SardarVallabhbhai Patel, MaulanaAbulKalam Azad, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee and NaliniRanjanGhosh were some important figures in the Assembly. In the 14 August 1947 meeting of the Assembly, a proposal for forming various committees was presented. Such committees included a Committee on Fundamental Rights, the Union Powers Committee and Union Constitution Committee. On 29 August 1947, the Drafting Committee was appointed, with DrAmbedkar as the Chairman along with six other members. A Draft Constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Assembly on 4 November 1947.
Parts Parts are the individual chapters in the Constitution, focused in single broad field of laws, containing articles that address the issues in question.

Preamble
 Part I - Union and its Territory
 Part II - Citizenship.
 Part III- Fundamental Rights
 Part IV - Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties.
 Part V- The Union.
 Part VI- The States.

 Part VII - States in the B part of the First schedule (Repealed).
 Part VIII - The Union Territories
 Part IX - Panchayat system and Municipalities.
 Part X - The scheduled and Tribal Areas
 Part XI - Relations between the Union and the States.

 Part XII - Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits
 Part XIII - Trade and Commerce within the territory of India
 Part XIV - Services Under the Union, the States and Tribunals
 Part XV - Elections
 Part XVI - Special Provisions Relating to certain Classes.

 Part XVII - Languages
 Part XVIII - Emergency Provisions
 Part XIX - Miscellaneous
 Part XX - Amendment of the Constitution
 Part XXI - Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions
 Part XXII - Short title, date of commencement, Authoritative text in Hindi and Repeals

Federal Structure
The constitution provides for distribution of powers between the Union and the States. It enumerates the powers of the Parliament and State Legislatures in three lists, namely Union list, State list and Concurrent list. Subjects like national defense, foreign policy, issuance of currency are reserved to the Union list. Public order, local governments, certain taxes are examples of subjects of the State List, on which the Parliament has no power to enact laws in those regards, barring exceptional conditions. Education, transportation, criminal laws are a few subjects of the Concurrent list, where both the State Legislature as well as the Parliament has powers to enact laws.
Changing the constitution
In 2000 the National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (NCRWC) was setup to look into updating the constitution of India.

Judicial review of laws

Judicial review is actually adopted in the Indian constitution from the constitution of the United States of America. In the Indian constitution, Judicial Review is dealt under Article 13. Judicial Review actually refers that the Constitution is the supreme power of the nation and all laws are under its supremacy. Article 13 deals that 1. All pre-constitutional laws, after the coming into force of constitution, if in conflict with it in all or some of its provisions then the provisions of constitution will prevail. If it is compatible with the constitution as amended. This is called the Theory of Eclipse.

2. In a similar manner, laws made after adoption of the Constitution by the Constituent Assembly must be compatible with the constitution, otherwise the laws and amendments will be deemed to be void-ab-initio. In such situations, the Supreme Court or High Court interprets the laws as if they are in conformity with the constitution.

HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM IN INDIA
Introduction
Health is the birth right of every individual. Today health is considered more than a basic human right; it has become a matter of public concern, national priority and political action. Our health system has traditionally been a disease-oriented system but the current trend is to emphasize health and its promotion.
Selected health care definitions:
 Health: According to WHO, health is defined as ―a dynamic state of complete physical, mental and social well-being not merely an absence of disease or infirmity.‖
 Health care services: It is defined as ―multitude of services rendered to individuals, families or communities by the agents of the health services or professions for the purpose of promoting, maintaining, monitoring or restoring health.‖

Definitions of health care delivery:
1. Health care delivery system refers to the totality of resources that a population or society distributes in the organization and delivery of health population services. It also includes all personal and public services performed by individuals or institutions for the purpose of maintaining or restoring health. -Stanhope(2001)

2. It implies the organization, delivery staffing regulation and quality control.
J.C.Pak(2001)
Philosophy of Health Care Delivery System:
 Everyone from birth to death is part of the market potential for health care services.
 The consumer of health care services is a client and not customer.
 Consumers are less informed about health services than anything else they purchase.
 Health care system is unique because it is not a competitive market.

 Restricted entry in to the health care system.

Goals/Objectives of Health Care Delivery System:
1) To improve the health status of population and the clinical outcomes of care.
2) To improve the experience of care of patients families and communities.
3) To reduce the total economic burden of care and illness.
4) To improve social justice equity in the health status of the population.

Principles of Health Care Delivery System:
1. Supports a coordinated, cohesive health-care delivery system.
2. Opposes the concept that fee-for-practice.
3. Supports the concept of prepaid group practice.
4. Supports the establishment of community based, community controlled health-care system.
5. Urges an emphasis be placed on development of primary care
6. Emphasizes on quality assurance of the care
7. Supports health care as basic human right for all people.
8. Opposes the accrual of profits by health-care-related industries.

Functions of Health Care Delivery System:
1) To provide health services.
2) To raise and pool the resources accessible to pay for health care.
3) To generate human and physical sources that makes the delivery service possible.
4) To set and enforce rules of the game and provide strategic direction for all the different players involved.

Characters of Health Care Delivery System:
1) Orientation toward health.
2) Population perspective.
3) Intensive use of information.
4) Focus on consumer.
5) Knowledge of treatment outcome.
6) Constrained resources.

HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM IN INDIA
In India it is represented by five major sectors or agencies which differ from each other by health technology applied and by the source of fund available. These are:
I. PUBLIC HEALTH SECTOR
A. Primary Health Care

Primary health centres. Sub- centres.
B. Hospital/Health Centres

Community health centres. Rural health centres. District hospitals/health centre. Specialist hospitals. Teaching hospitals.
C. Health Insurance Schemes

Employees State Insurance. Central Govt. Health Scheme.
D. Other Agencies

Defence services. Railways.
II. PRIVATE SECTOR
A. Private hospitals, polyclinics, nursing homes and dispensaries.
B. General practitioners and clinics.
III. INDIGENOUS SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE
 Ayurveda
 Sidda
 Unani
 Homeopathy
 Naturopathy
 Yoga
 Unregistered practioners.

IV. VOLUNTARY HEALTH AGENCIES
V. NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMMES

ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF HEALTH SERVICES IN INDIA AT DIFFERENT LEVELS.
India is a union of 28 states and 7 Union territories. Under the constitution states are largely independent in matters relating to the delivery of health care to the people. Each State, therefore, as developed its own system of health care delivery, independent of the Central Government.

Health administration at the central level The official organs of the health system at the national level consist of 3 units:
1. Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
2. The Directorate General of Health Services.
3. The Central Council of Health and Family Welfare.

I. Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Organisation The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is headed by a Cabinet Minister, a Minister of State, and a Deputy Health Minister. These are political appointment and have dual role to serve political as well as administrative responsibilities for health. Currently the union health ministry has the following departments:
1. Department of Health
2. Department of Family Welfare
3. Department of Indian System of Medicine and Homoeopathy
a. Department of Health

It is headed by a secretary to the Government of India as its executive head, assisted by joint secretaries, deputy secretaries, and a large administrative staff.
Functions Union list
1. International health relations and administration of port-quarantine
2. Administration of central health institutes such as All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata; National Institute for Control of Communicable Diseases, Delhi, etc.
3. Promotion of research through research centres and other bodies.
4. Regulation and development of medical, nursing and other allied health professions.
5. Establishment and maintenance of drug standards.
6. Census, and collection and publication of other statistical data.
7. Immigration and emigration.
8. Regulation of labour in the working of mines and oil fields and

Concurrent list
The functions listed under the concurrent list are the responsibility of both the union and state governments. The centre and states have simultaneous powers of legislation. They are as follows:
1. Prevention of extension of communicable diseases from one unit to another.
2. Prevention of adulteration of food stuffs.
3. Control of drugs and poisons.
4. Vital statistics.
5. Labour welfare.
6. Ports other than major.
7. Economic and social health planning
8. Population control and family planning.

Department of Family Welfare
It was created in 1966 within the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The secretary to the Government of India in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is in overall charge of the Department of Family Welfare. He is assisted by an additional secretary and commissioner, and one joint secretary. The following divisions are functioning in the department of family welfare.
1. Programme appraisal and special scheme
2. Technical operations: looks after all components of the technical programme viz. Sterilization/IUD/Nirodh, post partum, maternal and child health, UPI, etc.
3. Maternal and child health
4. Evaluation and intelligence: helps in planning, monitoring and evaluating the programme performance and coordinates demographic research.
5. Nirodh marketing supply/ distribution
Functions a. To organize family welfare programme through family welfare centres. b. To create an atmosphere of social acceptance of the programme and to support all voluntary organizations interested in the programme. c. To educate every individual to develop a conviction that a small family size is valuable and to popularize appropriate and acceptable method of family planning d. To disseminate the knowledge on the practice of family planning as widely as possible and to provide service agencies nearest to the community.

Dos and Donts of Nursing Documentation

2012-01-08T05:11:00.000-08:00

Proper nursing documentation will, most importantly, ensure that your patients receive the highest quality and correct care in response to their symptoms. Legally speaking, proper nursing documentation will help you defend yourself in a malpractice lawsuit, and can also keep you out of court in the first place. The following excerpts are courtesy of NSO Risk Advisor-January, 1977:

Do's

Check that you have the correct chart before you begin writing.
Make sure your documentation reflects the nursing process and your professional capabilities.
Write legibly.
Chart the time you gave a medication, the administration route, and the patient's response.
Chart precautions or preventive measures used, such as bed rails.
Record each phone call to a physician, including the exact time, message, and response.
Chart patient care at the time you provide it.
If you remember an important point after you've completed your documentation, chart the information with a notation that it's a "late entry." Include the date and time of the late entry.
Document often enough to tell the whole story.

Don'ts

Don't chart a symptom, such as "c/o pain," without also charting what you did about it.
Don't alter a patient's record - this is a criminal offense.
Don't use shorthand or abbreviations that aren't widely accepted.
Don't write imprecise descriptions, such as "bed soaked" or "a large amount."
Don't chart what someone else said, heard, felt, or smelled unless the information is critical. In that case, use quotations and attribute the remarks appropriately.
Don't chart care ahead of time - something may happen and you may be unable to actually give the care you've charted. Charting care that you haven't done is considered fraud.

Source :Medi-Smart

To get regular updates Subscribe via email or SMS (Left side of the blog)
If this information is useful click the below button & share on your facebook, twetter Etc.
Hit "Like" If you Like it

Open Access

2011-12-20T02:49:00.000-08:00

Here you can find free E Journals, E Books, Study

Materials & So on.......

To get regular updates Subscribe via email or SMS (Left side of the blog)
If this information is useful click the below button & share on your facebook, twetter Etc.
Click "Like" If useful (left side too)

Nursing Study Materials

2011-12-19T19:24:00.000-08:00

Here I give you the easy way to search and find out MSc(N)

Study Materials;

I M.Sc. Notes (Study Materials)

Nursing Education (Reference)

Collection 1

Contact me to get more Click Here

Collection 2
Collection 3
Collection 4

Advanced Nursing Practice

Curtsey : Neethu & Nimmy Babu

Nursing as a profession

Other units on request Click Here

Health care delivery
Genetics
Epidemiology
Bio-psycho social pathology
Philosophy and theories of nursing
Nursing process approach
Psychological aspects and human relations
Nursing practice
Computer applications for patient care delivery system and nursing practice

Nursing Research & Statistics

Specialties

Medical Surgical Nursing
Community Health Nursing
Pediatric Nursing
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Psychiatric Nursing

II M.Sc. Notes (Study Materials)

Nursing Management (Topic wise)

Five year plans
Accountability
Administration & management

Other topics on request (Click Here)

Clinical Pathways
Communication
Concept of management
Conflict & bargaining
Consumer act
Critical thinking and decision making
decision making
delegation
Disaster management
Discipline
Estimation & requirement
Group dynamics
Health care
Inventory control
Indian constitution
Job Descriptions
Leadership
Legal & ethical
Management theory
Motivation
Motivation 2
National health policy, national population policy,
Occupational health &safety
Organization Theory
Organizational Climate seminar
Organizing nursing service
Patient care Issues
Performance appraisal
Personal policy
Philosophy of Management
Planning and Organizing
planning in nursing care seminar
Power & politics
Program Evaluation and Review Techqnique
Public relation
Quality assurance
Semi Organization and service
Budgeting for various units and level
Staffing Norms by Committees
Staff development
Staff inspection
Staffing
Supervision

Nursing Management (Unit wise)

Unit 1

Other units on request Click Here

Unit 2
Unit 3
Unit 4
Unit 5
Unit 6
Unit 7
Unit 8
Unit 9
Unit 10
Unit 11
Unit 12

Specialties

Medical Surgical Nursing
Community Health Nursing
Pediatric Nursing
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Psychiatric Nursing

To Download more Click Here

To get regular updates Subscribe via email or SMS (Left side of the blog)
If this information is useful click the below button & share on your facebook, twetter Etc.
Click "Like" If useful (left side too)

How to Download Nursing Previous Year Question Papers

2011-12-18T20:46:00.000-08:00

I write this post as I have received mails from the users. They face difficulty to search and find out the resources of http://ndrknursinglibrary.blogspot.com/. I am going to Publish posts regarding the important resource for Nursing Students, Like Dissertations, Synopsis,Question Papers, Proformas and so on...

Today will see how to search Previous year Question Papers.

Method one

Previous Year Question Papers are available on NDRK Nursing Library.

To download

MSc

I MSc CLICK HERE

II MSc CLICK HERE

BSc

I BSc CLICK HERE

II BSc CLICK HERE

III BSc CLICK HERE

IV BSc CLICK HERE

PBBSc

I PBBSc CLICK HERE

II PBBSc CLICK HERE

GNM

I GNM CLICK HERE

II GNM CLICK HERE

III GNM CLICK HERE

Method Two

To Download from the University site CLICK HERE

Method Three

To Get all Link Click Here

I f you face any difficulty feel free to contact me Librarian

To get regular updates Subscribe via email or SMS (Left side of the blog)
If this information is useful click the below button & share on your facebook, twetter Etc.
Click "Like" If you Like it

Drinking water in empty stomach early in the morning to cure many diseases

2011-12-16T05:00:00.000-08:00

Keep water in a copper vessel at night and put tulsi leaves in it and in the morning make it warm and add pinch of salt to it & drink.

Advantages

Your motion will pass freely
Ulcers and any gastric troubles will be cured
It helps in curing impurities in all intestinal tracks
By drinking luke warm water with salt all waste stored fat in the intestinal track will be removed and avoid storing fat
Tulsi leaves kill the infectious bacteria and salt washes the intestinal track to pass out your waste matter freely.

Malayalathil Type Cheyyan

2011-12-15T07:44:00.000-08:00

മലയാളത്തില്‍ ടൈപ്പ് ചെയ്യാന്‍ "ക്ലിക്ക് ഹിയര്‍"& മലയാളം വാക്കുകള്‍ ഇംഗ്ലീഷില്‍ ടൈപ്പ് ചെയ്യുക

Can Wi-Fi Kill Your Sperm?

2011-12-13T04:10:00.000-08:00

Attention all men: You might want to keep your laptops, smartphones and other Internet-browsing tools away from the family jewels.

A new study, albeit a small one, suggests that using Wi-Fi may damage sperm and decrease a man’s fertility. The cause, according to Reuters Health, is electromagnetic radiation generated by wireless communication.

In the study, published in the journal Fertility and Sterility, researchers took semen samples from 29 healthy volunteers and placed them under a Wi-Fi-enabled laptop connected to the Internet. After four hours, the semen suffered – 25 percent of the sperm were no longer swimming and 9 percent of them showed DNA damage. Semen samples kept near a laptop that was turned on but not connected to the Internet showed minimal damage, as did samples that were stored separately.

“Our data suggest that the use of a laptop computer wirelessly connected to the Internet and positioned near the male reproductive organs may decrease human sperm quality,” the authors wrote in the study, noting that they were unsure if their findings extended to all wireless devices or if there were other conditions affecting sperm quality.

The findings fuel anxiety for the millions of men who keep a number of Wi-Fi-enabled devices on their laps, in their pockets and in close proximity to their nether regions.

According the American Urological Association, nearly one in six U.S. couples have difficulty conceiving, and about half of the time, the man’s fertility is the problem. For optimal fertility, a man should have 70 million sperm per millimeter. Some research has found that environmental factors can lower sperm counts below this level.

A study published in early November indicated that the heat generated by holding a laptop on the knees was enough to raise testicle temperatures to dangerous, sperm-damaging levels, even after 10 to 15 minutes.

Smoking and excessive alcohol are obvious culprits in depleting sperm, said Shanna Swan, director of the Center for Reproductive Epidemiology at the University of Rochester School of Medicine. She also told ABC News that men who are worried about their fertility might think about eating organic foods to avoid pesticides that might lead to less viable sperm. Eating a healthy diet and getting regular exercise doesn’t hurt either.

Some scientists say they don’t believe using a laptop will make men infertile. But just in case, maybe consider using our computer on your desk.

ABC News’ Dan Childs contributed to this report.

video platform video management video solutions video player

Things to know before the submission of the synopsis

2011-12-12T17:40:00.000-08:00

Step one

Before going to write synopsis you have to read the university instructions. To read synopsis instruction click here

Step two

To download previous years’ synopses just type the complete name on Google and search. A model is given Click here. You can go through the downloaded document.

Step three

Before the confirmation of the topic you should check with old synopsis of the universities because you are not supposed to take a recent study [within five years] conducted by any one. To know the studies conducted in the university and verify this university link RGUHS or you can try NDRK to get whole year in a single file.

Step four

Now you can download synopsis proforma from NDRK. Follow these steps. Hope this is useful.

To get more Click Here

Will be continued .....................

To get regular updates Subscribe via email or SMS (Left side of the blog)
If this information is useful click the below button & share on your facebook, twetter,Etc.
Click "Like" If you Like it

Things to know before writing Dissertation

2011-12-09T09:06:00.000-08:00

I am writing this from my past experience. Students do common mistakes while they write dissertation. Steps to avoid the mistakes;

Step one

Before start writing you should know the prescribed format or proforma that prescribed by the university. RGUHS, Bangalore, has given a Dissertation template which you can download from the NDRK Nursing library Click here

Step two

Now you know how a dissertation should be. Next you have to refer an old dissertation which gives you more information. You can download a copy of dissertation here

Step three

You have to avoid page number in the first page and start with Arabic proceeded by roman page numbers and the orientation both in portrait and Landscape. Most of the students face difficulty in this so I have given a proforma which you can download, readily use and modify Click Here

Step four

If you do not follow these steps you will be in trouble when you give to print and binding. To avoid last minute stress and strain make use of these steps.

To know more Click here

Will be continued .....................

To get regular updates Subscribe via email or SMS (Left side of the blog)
If this information is useful click the below button & share on your facebook, twetter,Etc.
Click "Like" If you Like it

What Triangle Symbol Means On A Water Bottle

2011-11-23T07:48:00.000-08:00

For MSc Nursing Students

2011-11-20T20:13:00.000-08:00

A helping hand to the MSc Nursing Students

Useful Digital Libraries

2011-11-17T22:55:00.000-08:00

Bogus Health Warning - Scratch Card 'Silver Nitro Oxide' Coating Causes Skin Cancer

2011-09-22T03:01:00.000-07:00

Outline

Message warns people not to use fingernails to scratch off the coating on scratch tickets because the coating contains a substance called "Silver Nitro oxide" that can cause skin cancer.

Brief Analysis

The information in the warning message is untrue. The coating on scratch tickets is made of specialized latex inks. There are no credible references to a compound called "Silver Nitro oxide". There are no credible medical or scientific reports that suggest that scratch ticket coating has been linked to skin cancer. There are no credible references to an organization known as the "Medical Research Authority of the US". The warning is a hoax and should not be forwarded.

Detailed analysis and references below example.

ATTENTION. .....Medical research Authority of the US have found that new cancer in human beings caused by 'Silver Nitro oxide'. Whenever u buy recharge cards or calling cards don't scratch them with ur nail as it contain 'silver nitro oxide' coating and can cause skin cancer. Copy and paste this status and spread awareness please

Detailed Analysis

According to this health alert, which is circulating vigorously via social media and email, an organization identified as the Medical Research Authority of the US has discovered that the removable coating on scratch tickets can cause skin cancer. The message claims that a substance contained in the coating called 'silver nitro oxide' is the cancer causing agent. The warning advises people against using their fingernails to remove scratch ticket coating because of this supposed cancer risk.

However, there is no credible support whatsoever for the claims made in this supposed health alert.

The coating on scratch tickets is not made from a substance called 'silver nitro oxide'. In fact, I could not find any evidence that such a compound even exists. There are two chemical compounds with similar names. One is Nitrous oxide, more commonly known as laughing gas, which has been used as an anesthetic in medical procedures since the 1840's and is also used in rocketry and to enhance engine power in motor racing. The other is Nitric oxide, a diatomic gas that plays a role as a cell signaling molecule in mammals and is also used as an intermediate in the chemical industry. Neither of these compounds is used to create the coating on scratch tickets. In fact, the coating is created from specialized latex or UV inks. A technical article about the material used in such coating published on Quora notes:

The material is known as a UV ink. Not the ink that becomes visible under UV light as is referred to on Wikipedia, but an ink that 'dries' under UV radiation.

UV inks are essentially a mixture of colored monomers and oligomers (the individual chemical units that eventually form 'polymers' ) and reaction 'photo-initiators' that become active when exposed to UV radiation. The monomers and oligomers form a viscous liquid, thus serving simultaneously as the 'pigment' and 'solvent' of a conventional ink; they do not need an organic solvent as a fluid base, and do not 'dry' in air like typical solvent-based inks. On exposure to UV light, the initiators set off the polymerization reaction, rapidly cross-linking the monomers and oligomers into a solid 'plastic' polymer, in a process known as 'curing'. This polymerization process also inspired the alternative naming of UV inks as 'latex inks'. [.....] The production of scratch-off tickets is a two-step process - a substrate is covered by a thick, smooth layer of UV ink coating, and then printed with a special 'scratch-off' black/silver UV ink (scratch-off inks can sometimes be solvent-based ). An optional third step could involve printing text or images over the scratch-off area, with yet another type of UV ink.

There is no mention of a chemical called silver nitro oxide being used in these UV inks. Nor are there any credible reports that suggest a link between inks used on scratch tickets and cancer.

Furthermore, there are no credible references to an organization known as the Medical Research Authority of the US. The closest I could find is the US based Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA). But, not at all surprisingly, there is no information on the BARDA website that supports the claims in this hoax message in any way.

Scratch tickets of various types are these days just about everywhere. On any one day vast numbers of people in dozens of countries are likely to be happily scratching away, often using their fingernails as scratching tools. So, of course, any credible link between scratch ticket coating and cancer - even a tenuous one - would have certainly been widely publicized by the main stream media and medical authorities. In reality, there is nary a trace of such media or medical reports.

Thus, this supposed health warning is nothing more than one more sad bit of utterly pointless Internet junk and certainly should not be reposted.

Source: hoax-slayer

3D Printer

2011-09-21T03:08:00.000-07:00

How to Hold A New Born Baby

2011-09-11T21:36:00.000-07:00

Please watch... plz.......

2011-09-04T21:14:00.000-07:00

Mohanan Vaidyar's speech

2011-08-31T22:09:00.000-07:00

Ayurveda had recognized the importance of the environment in the total health. You should be listening to Mohanan Vaidyar's speech. Watch all Part.....

PranavMistry's SixthSense

2011-07-27T06:46:00.000-07:00

You Must Watch This.... Amazing!!!!!!!!!

Vivekananda Speech At chicago in Sept 11, 1893

2011-07-25T09:16:00.000-07:00

Current Nursing

2011-01-18T00:47:00.000-08:00

Open access nursing research and review articles