Open Source Microcontroller Projects

Microcontroller Microcontrolle& LCDh Keypad && LCD

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 07 Jun 2013 08:25:00 +0000

We will make a simple H-Bridge using transistors to use it as an interfacing circuit between micrcontroller and DC motor

Code:

#define M3 PORTC.F0
#define M1 PORTC.F1

#define M4 PORTC.F2

#define M2 PORTC.F3

void main() {

unsigned char dutyCyle ;

TRISC = 0 ; PORTC = 0 ;

M3 = 0 ;

M2 = 0 ;

M1 = 0 ;

M4 = 0 ;



while(1)

{

M2 = 0 ; M4 = 0 ;



M3 = 0 ; M1 = 1 ;





Delay_ms(2000) ;

M3 = 0 ; M1 = 0 ;





M2 = 0 ; M4 = 1 ;



Delay_ms(2000) ;

}

}

Microcontroller & DC Motor using L298

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 07 Jun 2013 08:15:00 +0000

In this project we will control the speed and the direction of a DC motor using L298 (H-bridge)

Code:

void main() {
          unsigned char dutyCyle ;
          TRISB = 0 ; PORTB = 0 ;

          PWM1_Init(1000) ;
          PWM1_Set_Duty(0) ;
          PWM1_Start() ;

          while(1)
          {
              PORTB.F0 = 1 ; PORTB.F1 = 0 ;   // Direction

              for(dutyCyle = 0 ; dutyCyle < 254 ; dutyCyle++)   // Speed
              {
                           PWM1_Set_Duty(dutyCyle) ;
                           Delay_ms(20) ;

              }

              Delay_ms(500) ;

              PORTB.F0 = 0 ; PORTB.F1 = 1 ;   // Direction
              for(dutyCyle = 0 ; dutyCyle < 255 ; dutyCyle++)   // Speed
              {
                           PWM1_Set_Duty(dutyCyle) ;
                           Delay_ms(20) ;

              }
              Delay_ms(500) ;
          }
}

Microcontroller Microcontrolle& LCDh Keypad &&

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 07 Jun 2013 08:06:00 +0000

Now, we will interface the microcontroller with a keypad and a LCD. The schematic is so simple and the code is so clear

Code:

char keypadPort at PORTD ;

sbit LCD_RS at RB2_bit;
sbit LCD_EN at RB3_bit;
sbit LCD_D4 at RB4_bit;
sbit LCD_D5 at RB5_bit;
sbit LCD_D6 at RB6_bit;
sbit LCD_D7 at RB7_bit;

sbit LCD_RS_Direction at TRISB2_bit;
sbit LCD_EN_Direction at TRISB3_bit;
sbit LCD_D4_Direction at TRISB4_bit;
sbit LCD_D5_Direction at TRISB5_bit;
sbit LCD_D6_Direction at TRISB6_bit;
sbit LCD_D7_Direction at TRISB7_bit;

void main() {

     unsigned char m ;
     const unsigned char keys[] = {'y','/','9','8','7','x','6','5','4','-','3','2','1','+','=','0','y'} ;

     Keypad_Init() ;
     Lcd_Init() ;
     Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CURSOR_OFF) ;
     Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR) ;

     while(1)
     {
          ReadAgain :
          m = Keypad_Key_Click() ;
          if(m == 0) goto ReadAgain ;
          Lcd_Chr_Cp(keys[m]) ;
     }
}

Microrocontroller & Seven Segments- Counter 00 to 99 - Method3

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 07 Jun 2013 08:00:00 +0000

In this tutorial, we will make a counter from 00 to 99 using two seven segment decoder and two latch registers

Code:

void main() {
         unsigned char tensCounter , onesCounter ;
         TRISB = 0 ; PORTB = 0 ;
         TRISC = 0 ; PORTC = 0 ;

         while(1)
         {

                  for(tensCounter = 0 ; tensCounter <= 9 ; tensCounter++)
                 {

                       PORTB = tensCounter ;

                       PORTC.F1 = 1 ;
                       Delay_ms(10) ;
                       PORTC.F1 = 0 ;

                       for(onesCounter = 0 ; onesCounter <= 9 ; onesCounter++)
                       {
                              PORTB = onesCounter ;

                              PORTC.F0 = 1 ;
                              Delay_ms(10) ;
                              PORTC.F0 = 0 ;

                              Delay_ms(500) ;
                       }
                }
         }
}

Microrocontroller & Seven Segments- Counter 00 to 99 - Method2

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 07 Jun 2013 07:42:00 +0000

In this tutorial, we will make a counter from 00 to 99 and the two seven segments will be connected to one port not two different ports as shown in Method1

Code:

void main() {
      unsigned char tensCounter , onesCounter ;
      unsigned int i ;
      TRISB = 0 ; PORTB = 0 ;

      while(1)
      {
           for(i = 0 ; i <= 99 ; i++)
           {
                 PORTB = (i % 10) + (i / 10) * 16 ;
                 Delay_ms(500) ;
           }
      }
}

Microrocontroller & Seven Segments- Counter 00 to 99 - Method1

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 07 Jun 2013 07:34:00 +0000

Now,i will show you a simple schematic and a simple code for interfacing micrcontroller with two seven segments through two BCD to seven segment decoders easily.

Code:

void main() {
       unsigned char tensCounter , onesCounter ;
       TRISB = 0 ; PORTB = 0 ;
       TRISC = 0 ; PORTC = 0 ;

       while(1)
       {
             for(tensCounter = 0 ; tensCounter <= 9 ; tensCounter++)
             {
                   PORTB = tensCounter ;
                   for(onesCounter = 0 ; onesCounter <= 9 ; onesCounter++)
                   {
                           PORTC = onesCounter ;
                           Delay_ms(500) ;
                   }
             }
       }
}

Microrocontroller & Seven Segments- Counter 0 to 9 - Method2

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 07 Jun 2013 07:26:00 +0000

In this tutorial, we will exceed our knowledge of how to interface microcontroller with seven segment through BCD to Seven Segment decoder

Code:

void main() {
       TRISB = 0 ; PORTB = 0 ;

       while(1)
       {
              Delay_ms(500) ;
              if(PORTB == 9) PORTB = 0 ;
              else PORTB ++ ;

       }
}

Microrocontroller & Seven Segments- Counter 0 to 9 - Method1

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 07 Jun 2013 07:00:00 +0000

In this tutorial, we will exceed our knowledge of how to interface microcontroller with seven segment through only resistors

See this mapping table to get clear understanding

Code:

void main()
{

      char patterns[]={63,6,91,79,102,109,125,7,127,111} ;
      unsigned char i ;

      TRISD = 0 ; PORTD = 0 ;

      while(1)
      {
         for(i = 0 ; i <= 9 ; i++)
         {
              PORTD = patterns[i] ;
              Delay_ms(500) ;
         }

      }

}

How to interface microcontroller with 24 VDC load through relay

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 07 Jun 2013 06:50:00 +0000

As you know, interfacing microcontroller with 5 VDC, 2mA load is so simple and no need to any extra components... just connect the micrcontroller to the load directly.

But if you have a load that exceeds the rating voltage or rating current,what can you do then?

If exceeds rating voltage ==> then you need a relay

If exceeds rating current ==> then you need a transistor

Code:

void main() {

     TRISD.F0 = 1 ;
     TRISB.F0 = 0 ; PORTB.F0 = 0 ;


     while(1)
     {
          if(PORTD.F0 == 0)
          {
                PORTB.F0 = ~ PORTB.F0 ;
                while(PORTD.F0 == 0) ;
                Delay_ms(20) ;
          }
     }
}

A relay is an electrically activated switch. It consists of a coil internally which will creates a magnetic field that attracts a movable lever and then changes switch contacts when a current is flowing through it. The typical usage of relay is to allow a low DC voltage circuit (circuit #1) to switch on or off a high voltage (DC or AC) circuit (circuit #2) without direct electrical connection between them. This means circuit #1 and circuit #2 are magnetically and mechanically linked but not electrically connected. There are some designations normally used in describing a relay based on its internal structure and pins distribution as shown in the following

i) Single Pole Single Throw (SPST) – Such relay has 4 terminal pins which consists of a pair of coil pins and a pair of pins which can be made connected or disconnected by activating or deactivating the relay. Such relay can categorized into normally open or normally closed type.

ii) Single Pole Double Throw (SPST) – Such relay has 5 terminal pins which consists of a pair of coil pins, a common pin, a normally open (NO) pin and a normally closed (NC) pin. When the relay is not activated, the common pin is in contact with the NC pin and when it is activated, the common pin will break away from contact with the NC pin and subsequently makes contact with the NO pin. Also, when the relay is deactivated (from activated state), the common pin will conversely break away from contact with the NO pin and return back in contact with the NC pin.

iii) Double Pole Single Throw (DPST) – Such relay has 6 terminal pins which consist of a pair of coil pins and two pairs of pins, where pins in each pair can be made connected or disconnected by activating or deactivating the relay. Such relay is actually a combination of two SPST relay structures with only one coil pins pair.

iv) Double Pole Double Throw (DPDT) – Such relay has 8 terminal pins which consist of a pair of coil pins, two 3 pins group for each group consists of a common pin, normally open (NO) pin and normally (NC) pin . Such relay is actually a combination of two SPDT relay structures with only one coils pin pair

Playing with LEDs and Switches

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 06 Jun 2013 22:31:00 +0000

In this game, we will control 4 LEDs using 4 switches. Each switch controls a LED. Pressing switch toggles the corresponding LED

Code:

void main() {

TRISB = 0 ; PORTB = 0 ;

TRISC = 255 ;

while(1)

{

if(PORTC.F0 == 0)

{

PORTB.F0 = ~ PORTB.F0 ;

while(PORTC.F0 == 0) ; Delay_ms(50) ;

}

if(PORTC.F1 == 0)

{

PORTB.F1 = ~ PORTB.F1 ;

while(PORTC.F1 == 0) ; Delay_ms(50) ;

}

if(PORTC.F2 == 0)

{

PORTB.F2 = ~ PORTB.F2 ;

while(PORTC.F2 == 0) ; Delay_ms(50) ;

}

if(PORTC.F3 == 0)

{

PORTB.F3 = ~ PORTB.F3 ;

while(PORTC.F3 == 0) ; Delay_ms(50) ;

}

}

}

Interfacing with buttons

Switch bounce problem

-When a button is opened or closed, we perceive that it is a clean operation that really looks like a step function.

-In reality, the contacts of a switch bounce when they make contact, resulting in a jagged signal.

When the signal is passed to the MCU, the microcontroller can recognize it as multiple button presses, which will cause the application software to act as if multiple, very fast button presses have occurred.

Solving the switch bounce problem

To avoid this problem the noisy switch press is de-bounced into an idealized press, or the step function.

First method

This method is done using software. The code will wait the button to be pressed then polling it continually until 20 milliseconds.

Code example

Second method

Using (RC) circuit, we can make a practical circuit to solve this type of problems.

Playing with LEDs- Game3 & 4

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 06 Jun 2013 22:04:00 +0000

Playing with LEDs - Game3

In this game, you are invited to make a shifter using LEDs like the Game2 but more complicated

Let's start...

Components:

PIC16F877A

8 LEDs

8 Resistors :33Ohm

Steps:

- Draw your schematic on ISIS proteus

- Write this C code on mikroC:

void main() {

unsigned char i ;

TRISB = 0 ; PORTB = 0 ;

while(1)

{

PORTB = 1 ;

for(i = 1 ; i < 8 ; i++)

{

Delay_ms(100) ;

PORTB = PORTB << 1 ;

}

Delay_ms(500) ;

for(i = 1 ; i < 8 ; i++)

{

Delay_ms(100) ;

PORTB = PORTB >> 1 ;

}

Delay_ms(500) ;

}

}

- Build it to get hex file

- Upload hex file to PIC16F877A

- Start simulation

Code explanation

void main()

==> "main" function is a necessary function and it takes no parameters and does not return any parameters

TRISB.F0 = 0 ;

==> Configure pin0 in PORTB as output

PORTB.F0 = 0 ;

==> Initialize pin0 in PORTB

while(1)

==> an endless loop to ensure that microcontroller will work automatically

PORTB = 1 ;

==> Put the first pattern to show on the port

for(i = 1 ; i < 8 ; i++)

==> For loop

Delay_ms(100) ;

PORTB = PORTB << 1 ;

==> Wait for 100 ms and then shift PORTB one bit and show data on PORTB

Delay_ms(500) ;

==> Wait for half second

here the first shifter is accomplished and now the second shifter is to be written

for(i = 1 ; i < 8 ; i++)

{

Delay_ms(100) ;

PORTB = PORTB >> 1 ;

}

==> It is the same algorithm but the opposite shift operator

Delay_ms(500) ;

==> Wait for half second

=============================

Playing with LEDs - Game4

in this game, you will invited to make a simple counter from 1 to 9 using 4 LEDs.
Components:
PIC16F877A
4 LEDs
4 Resistors :33Ohm

Steps:
- Draw your schematic on ISIS proteus

- Write this C code on mikroC:

void main() {
              TRISB = 0 ; PORTB = 0 ;

              while(1)
              {
                      PORTB ++ ;
                      Delay_ms(1000) ;
                      if(PORTB == 9) PORTB = 0 ;
              }
}

- Build it to get hex file
- Upload hex file to PIC16F877A
- Start simulation

Code explanation

void main()

==> "main" function is a necessary function and it takes no parameters and does not return any parameters

TRISB.F0 = 0 ;

==> Configure pin0 in PORTB as output

PORTB.F0 = 0 ;

==> Initialize pin0 in PORTB

while(1)

==> an endless loop to ensure that microcontroller will work automatically

PORTB ++ ;

==> Increment PORTB data

Delay_ms(1000) ;
==> Wait for one second

if(PORTB == 9) PORTB = 0 ;

==> If you reache 9, reinitialize the port

Playing with LEDs- Game1 & 2

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Thu, 06 Jun 2013 21:42:00 +0000

Playing with LEDs - Game1

in this game, you are invited to play with a LED. In more obvious words, let's make a simpler flasher for one second.

Components:

PIC16F877A

LED

Resistor :33Ohm

Steps:

- Draw your schematic on ISIS proteus

- Write this C code on mikroC:

void main() {

            TRISB.F0 = 0 ; PORTB.F0 = 0 ;



            while(1)

            {

                    PORTB.F0 = 1 ; Delay_ms(1000) ;

                    PORTB.F0 = 0 ; Delay_ms(1000) ;

            }

}

- Build it to get hex file

- Upload hex file to PIC16F877A

- Start simulation

Code explanation

void main()

==> "main" function is a necessary function and it takes no parameters and does not return any parameters

TRISB.F0 = 0 ;

==> Configure pin0 in PORTB as output

PORTB.F0 = 0 ;

==> Initialize pin0 in PORTB

while(1)

==> an endless loop to ensure that microcontroller will work automatically

PORTB.F0 = 1 ; Delay_ms(1000) ;

==> Turn LED ON and wait for one second

PORTB.F0 = 0 ; Delay_ms(1000) ;

==> Turn LED OFF and wait for one second

==============================================

Playing with LEDs - Game2

In this game, you are invited to make a shifter using LEDs

Let's start...

Components:
PIC16F877A
8 LEDs
8 Resistors :33Ohm

Steps:
- Draw your schematic on ISIS proteus

- Write this C code on mikroC:

void main() {
             TRISB = 0 ; PORTB = 1 ;

             while(1)
             {
                     Delay_ms(100) ;
                     if(PORTB == 128) PORTB = 1 ;
                     else PORTB = PORTB << 1 ;

             }
}

- Build it to get hex file
- Upload hex file to PIC16F877A
- Start simulation

Code explanation

void main()

==> "main" function is a necessary function and it takes no parameters and does not return any parameters

TRISB.F0 = 0 ;

==> Configure pin0 in PORTB as output

PORTB.F0 = 0 ;

==> Initialize pin0 in PORTB

while(1)

==> an endless loop to ensure that microcontroller will work automatically

Delay_ms(1000) ;

==> Wait for one second

if(PORTB == 128) PORTB = 1 ;

==> Check if you reach the max limit to show on port
(Remember: PORTB has 8 pins)

else PORTB = PORTB << 1 ;
==> If max limit is not reached, shift PORTB one bit and show data on PORTB

What do i need to start my journey with microcontroller?

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Tue, 04 Jun 2013 04:51:00 +0000

Really, it is an expected question. What is needed for this amazing journey?

Ok, let's start .... you need :

1- IDE (Integrated Development Environment)

- IDE means that you will have all the components to generate your executable file in only one software ... this software is called IDE

- IDE = Preprocessor + Compiler + Assembler + Linker

- If you want to program your microcontroller using C language,mikroC IDE is recommended and if you want to program it using Basic language, Proton IDE is recommended

- Take this example:

You write your code in C using mikroC (file.c) then you click to generate your executable file (file.hex) .. mikroC checks your code syntax and finally generate your hex file .. let's take a deep look ...

Steps for generating the hex file:

1- Preprocessor:

- Make text replacement , include files to your code and So on....

(Do not worry, it will be explained later)

2- Compiler

- Converts file.c to file.asm ...

(i.e. converts high level language to low level language)

3- Assembler

- Converts file.asm to file.obj

4- Linker

- Linkes all object files ato generate one executable file (file.hex)

Of course, all these steps occur inside the IDE. Just write your file.c and then click build to generate hex file .. That's it

If you want to program using C language, mikroC IDE is recommended and if you want to program using Basic language, Proton IDE is recommended

=========================================================================

2- Simulation environment

- Simulation helps you to simulate your application on the microcontroller on the PC very easily without expending one $.

- There is a very good simulation program and it is also well-known. It is called "Proteus" which incorporates two programs inside it :

- "ISIS" for drawing your schematic and simulating it very very easily

- "ARES" for converting your schematic to PCB

>> No doubt that Proteus is very helpful for us

=========================================================================

3- Burner Software

- After generating file.hex, you need to upload your microcontroller with this hex file. To do that, you need:

- A programmer (from any electronics components shop)

- A software to upload the hex file (included with the programmer)

=========================================================================

4- Microcontroller

- You will need a microcontroller chip to start programming it as shown before.

- I recommend to you some microcontroller chips such as : PIC16F877A,PIC16F628A,PIC16F84A,...

RAM & ROM -- Have a deep look

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Sat, 01 Jun 2013 14:03:00 +0000

1-RAM (Random Access Memory)
o Also called Read/Write Memory.
o The term random access refers to the ability to access any memory cell direct.
o Volatile memory requires external power to maintain memory content.
o Used to store data as long as Microcontroller is powered and the program is running
o Memory can usually be extended by adding external memory chips
o RAM Types:
   1.Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
    *DRAM is a RAM device that requires periodic refreshing to retain its content

   2.Static RAM (SRAM)
    *SRAM is a RAM device that retains its content as long as power is supplied by
     an external power source
    *SRAM does not require periodic refreshing
    *It is faster than DRAM

   3.Non-Volatile RAM (NVRAM)
    *NVRAM is a special type of SRAM that has backup battery power so it can retain its
     content after the main system power is shut off.

o RAM is Divided virtually to:
    -General purpose registers for CPU
    -Peripherals control special registers
    -Stack
==================================================
2-ROM (Read Only Memory)
o Permanent memory
o Written upon programming the microcontroller
o Can’t be written/modified at run time
==================================================
3-PROM (Programmable ROM)
o Is a type of ROM that can be programmed in the field by the end user using a device called a
   PROM programmer
o Once a PROM has been programmed, its contents cannot be changed
==================================================
4-EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM)
o Has a small clear-glass window on top of the chip where the data can be erased under strong ultraviolet light
o Once the memory is programmed, the window can be covered with dark tape to prevent
   accidental erasure of the data
o An EPROM memory must be erased before it can be reprogrammed
o Some versions of EPROMs, known as OTP (one time programmable), can be programmed
   using a suitable programmer device but cannot be erased
==================================================
5-EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM)
o Can be erased and reprogrammed using a suitable programming device
o In microcontrollers ,EEPROM is used to save important data
==================================================
6-Flash EEPROM
o Used to store the user program
o can be erased and then reprogrammed using a suitable programming device
o Program electrically many times
o Used during development time
o Currently used in products to be updatable
________________________________________

Memory can be classified into two types:
•Program memory
   Stores the program written by the programmer and is usually nonvolatile
    (i.e., data is not lost after the power is turned off).
•Data memory
   Stores the temporary data used in a program and is usually volatile
   (i.e., data is lost after the power is turned off)
________________________________________
ROM Contents
*Program code
*Vector table
*Constant data (handled through const keyword
*Initialization of global variables

Microcontroller in more details

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 31 May 2013 04:50:00 +0000

CPU Architecture

• There are two basic types of architecture:

1.Von Neumann

• Has a single, common memory space where both program instructions and data are stored.
• It must wait until these subsequent operations are complete before it can fetch and decode the next program instruction.
• The advantage: simplicity and economy

2.Harvard (Microcontrollers most often use a Harvard)

• Have separate memory areas for program memory and data.
• The CPU fetches instructions on the program memory bus.

If the fetched instruction requires an operation on data memory, the CPU can fetch the next program instruction while it uses the data bus for its data operation. This speeds up execution time

Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)

1- Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC)
- Small number of general purpose registers
- Variable size instruction words
- Instructions are complex (i.e. do more than one specific thing)

2- Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC)
- Large and uniform register file
- Fixed size instruction words
- Instruction simplicity

What is function of CPU?

CPU does all the computing:
- Fetches, decodes and executes program instructions and
directs the flow of data to and from memory
- Performs the calculations required by program instructions and places the results of these calculations, if required, into memory space

CPU = ALU + Decoder + Sequencer + Registers
ALU
• Responsible for calculations and executing instructions
Decoder
• Converts instructions stored in program memory into codes which the ALU can
understand
Sequencer
• Manages the flow of the data along the microcontroller data bus
Registers
• Used by the CPU to temporarily store the data which are volatile and could be changed during program execution
• Some of the most common registers in Microcontrollers:
o The stack pointer (SP)
• Contains the address of the next location on the stack
• The address in the stack pointer is decremented when data is pushed on
the stack and incremented when data is popped from the stack
o The program counter (PC)
• holds the address of the next instruction in program memory space
o The accumulator
• Hold operands or results of operations as necessary
o The status register (SREG)
• Contains flags represent the status of the last operation to control the next instruction to be executed
• Flags are:Overflow flag, Negative flag, Zero flag, Carry flag, Half-carry flag and Global Interrupt mask

Microcontroller Vendors

Microcontroller vendor is the manufacture of the microcontroller chip it self

Microcontroller .. Know it more

noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous) — Fri, 31 May 2013 03:53:00 +0000

A microcontroller is a single chip, self-contained computer which incorporates

all the basic components of a personal computer on a much smaller scale

A microcontroller is a programmable single chip which controls a process or

system

Microcontrollers are designed to be low cost solutions

================================================

Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller

Microprocessor requires several other components for its operation such as program memory and data memory, input-output devices, and an external clock circuit

Microcontroller, on the other hand, has all the support chips incorporated inside its single chip

Microprocessor = CPU only

Microcontroller = CPU + Memory + Clock Circuit + Peripherals

A microcontroller differs from a microprocessor in many ways. The first and most important difference is its functionality.

In order the microprocessor may be used, other components such as memory or components for data transfer must be added to it. Even though

the microprocessor is considered to be a powerful computer machine, the weak point is that it is not adjusted to communication to peripheral environment.

Simply, in order to communicate with peripheral environment, the microprocessor must use specialized circuits added as external chips. It means in short that microprocessors are the pure heart of the computers. That is how it was when they appeared and the same is now

Basically, a microcontroller is a device which integrates a number of the components of a microprocessor system onto a single microchip.

So a microcontroller combines onto the same microchip :

The CPU core (microprocessor)

Memory (both ROM and RAM)

Some parallel digital I/O

Also, a microcontroller is part of an embedded system, which is essentially the whole circuit board.

The difference is that microcontroller incorporates features of microprocessor(CPU,ALU,Registers)along with the presence of added features like presence of RAM,ROM,I\O ports,counter etc.Here microcontroller control the operation of machine using fixed programme stored in Rom that doesn't change with lifetime

A Microcontroller is basically a computer on a chip. It differs form normal desktop or laptop computers in that a microcontroller is an application specific computer that usually runs a single program performing dedicated task(s) while the the later two are general purpose computers that can run numerous programs depending on a users needs. A microcontroller contains on chip CPU, input/output interface, memory, clock, timer, and an assortment of of other peripherals.

A Microprocessor on the other hand is just a CPU one has to add externally memory, clock, input/output interfaces, timer and all other needed peripheral. This is the reason a microprocessor has so many pins.