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Pakistan&amp;#39;s Largest MCQs Bank</title><subtitle type='html'>Our mission is to empower Pakistani students by providing free, high-quality, and reliable MCQs. We are your dedicated partner in your journey to ace your exams and achieve your career goals.</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.pakmcqs.org/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/51255189599790045/posts/default'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://www.pakmcqs.org/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/51255189599790045/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25'/><author><name>Saad Ahmad</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17817655044228307443</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3amxMo5QsUlMQ-74-gT4lwUddbxFp4CX758O3y8EjRw5wH1htgfqYPZaxEkmhkE32zds3ZEZofn_azCWhBGwqDefF27XM_T7YPg14Kf7d2-fGehGGOqAGwHC-TmYlsQ/s220/Profile+Pix.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>1946</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51255189599790045.post-858978173171268039</id><published>2026-09-02T09:00:00.000+05:00</published><updated>2026-09-02T09:00:00.130+05:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="7th Class General Science"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="7th Class General Science Unit 12"/><title type='text'>7th Class General Science Unit 12 Earth and Space MCQs (زمین اور خلا) | PAKMCQs</title><content type='html'>&lt;html lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
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    &lt;meta name=&quot;description&quot; content=&quot;Practice 7th Class General Science Unit 12 Earth and Space MCQs covering gravity, mass, weight, gravitational field strength, tides, Earth&#39;s revolution, axis tilt, seasons, hemispheres and constellations. Prepare with PAKMCQs for ETEA, NTS, KPPSC, PPSC and FPSC exams.&quot;&gt;
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      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;Why is an object&#39;s weight less on the Moon?&quot;,
      &quot;acceptedAnswer&quot;: {
        &quot;@type&quot;: &quot;Answer&quot;,
        &quot;text&quot;: &quot;The Moon has much weaker gravity than Earth, so the same object weighs less on the Moon.&quot;
      }
    },
    {
      &quot;@type&quot;: &quot;Question&quot;,
      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;Why does Earth have different seasons?&quot;,
      &quot;acceptedAnswer&quot;: {
        &quot;@type&quot;: &quot;Answer&quot;,
        &quot;text&quot;: &quot;Earth&#39;s seasons are caused mainly by its 23.5° axial tilt and its annual revolution around the Sun.&quot;
      }
    },
    {
      &quot;@type&quot;: &quot;Question&quot;,
      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;What is a constellation?&quot;,
      &quot;acceptedAnswer&quot;: {
        &quot;@type&quot;: &quot;Answer&quot;,
        &quot;text&quot;: &quot;A constellation is a group of stars that appears to form a recognizable pattern or picture in the night sky.&quot;
      }
    }
  ]
}
&lt;/script&gt;


    &lt;!-- Additional meta tag to prevent Blogger overrides --&gt;
    &lt;meta name=&quot;viewport&quot; content=&quot;width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no&quot;&gt;
    
    &lt;style&gt;
        /* Reset Blogger styles */
        .no-blogger-overlap * {
            all: unset;
            all: revert-layer;
            box-sizing: border-box; /* YEH ADD KIYA GAYA HAI TAAKE WIDTH BAHIR NA NIKLE */
        }
        
        /* Fix for question cards */
        .question-card {
            position: relative !important;
            z-index: 1 !important;
            overflow: visible !important;
        }
        
        /* Fix for social share section */
        .social-share-section {
            position: relative !important;
            margin-top: 20px !important;
            clear: both !important;
            z-index: 0 !important;
            display: block !important;
            overflow: visible !important;
        }
        
        /* Original styles with Theme Variables Integration */
        :root {
            --primary-color: #3498db;
            --secondary-color: #2ecc71;
            --border-radius: 8px;
            --box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
            --transition: all 0.3s ease;
        }

        /* Tips Section Styles */
        .tips-section {
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1); /* Transparent blue for dark mode compatibility */
            border-left: 5px solid #0056b3;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            padding: 20px;
            margin: 30px 0;
            box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,86,179,0.1);
        }
        .tips-section h3 {
            color: var(--primary-color);
            margin-top: 0;
            font-size: 1.3rem;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
        }
        .tips-section h3::before {
            content: &#39;🚀&#39;;
            margin-right: 10px;
            font-size: 1.5rem;
        }
        .tips-section ul {
            list-style-type: none;
            padding-left: 5px;
            color: var(--color-text-primary); /* Theme Variable */
        }
        .tips-section li {
            margin-bottom: 10px;
            line-height: 1.6;
            padding-left: 25px;
            position: relative;
        }
        .tips-section li::before {
            content: &#39;💡&#39;;
            position: absolute;
            left: 0;
            top: 0;
        }
        .tips-section p {
            margin-top: 15px;
            margin-bottom: 0;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }

        .take-test-btn {
            display: inline-block;
            margin-top: 15px;
            text-decoration: none;
            font-weight: bold;
            text-align: center;
        }

        body {
            font-family: &#39;Roboto&#39;, sans-serif;
            line-height: 1.6;
            /* Using Theme Variable for Main Background */
            background-color: var(--bg-main); 
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
            max-width: 2100px;
            margin: 0 auto;
            padding: 0px;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease, color 0.3s ease;
        }
        
        .header-image {
            width: 100%;
            max-height: 350px;
            object-fit: cover;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }
        
        /* --- DOWNLOAD SECTION --- */
        .info-banner {
            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1e5799 0%,#2989d8 50%,#207cca 51%,#7db9e8 100%);
            color: white !important; /* Force white text */
            padding: 20px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-bottom: 20px;
            box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
        }
        .info-banner h1 {
            margin-top: 0;
            color: white !important;
            font-size: 1.8rem;
            text-align: center;
            border-bottom: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
            padding-bottom: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 15px;
        }
        .info-banner p {
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            color: white !important;
        }
        .info-banner .urdu-text {
            color: white !important;
            font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif;
            direction: rtl;
            text-align: right;
            font-size: 0.8rem;
            line-height: 1.8;
        }
        
        /* --- UPDATED PDF DOWNLOAD BUTTON STYLES --- */
        .pdf-download-btn {
            position: relative; /* For absolute positioning of progress bar */
            display: inline-flex;
            justify-content: center;
            align-items: center;
            background-color: #e74c3c;
            color: white !important;
            padding: 10px 20px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            text-decoration: none;
            font-weight: bold;
            margin-top: 10px;
            transition: var(--transition);
            text-align: center;
            cursor: pointer;
            border: none;
            overflow: hidden; /* Ensure progress bar stays inside */
            width: 100%; /* Or fixed width if preferred */
            max-width: 300px;
            height: 45px;
        }
        .pdf-download-btn:hover {
            background-color: #c0392b;
            transform: translateY(-2px);
        }
        .pdf-download-btn:disabled {
            background-color: #7f8c8d;
            cursor: not-allowed;
            transform: none;
        }

        /* The text inside the button */
        .btn-text {
            position: relative;
            z-index: 2; /* Sit on top of progress bar */
        }

        /* The Progress Bar inside the button */
        .progress-bar-fill {
            position: absolute;
            left: 0;
            top: 0;
            bottom: 0;
            width: 0%;
            background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); /* Darker shade overlay */
            transition: width 0.3s ease;
            z-index: 1;
        }
        
        /* --- END DOWNLOAD SECTION --- */

        
        /* Cards adapted for Theme Dark Mode - Updated with Blue Stroke &amp; Glow */
        .question-card {
            background-color: var(--bg-content); /* Theme BG */
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            padding: 20px;
            margin-bottom: 25px;
            
            /* === UPDATE: Blue Stroke and Glow Effect === */
            border: 2px solid #3498db; 
            box-shadow: 0 0 15px rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.6); 
            /* =========================================== */
            
            transition: all 0.3s ease;
            position: relative;
        }

        /* ====== NEW STYLES FOR IMPORTANT QUESTION ====== */
        .question-card.important-question {
            /* Distinct Dark Background for Important Questions */
            background-color: #1a252f !important; 
            border: 2px solid #f1c40f !important; /* Gold border for importance */
            box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(241, 196, 15, 0.3);
        }

        /* Badge Style - Updated with Flexbox for Star Icon */
        .important-badge {
            position: absolute;
            top: -12px;
            right: 15px;
            background: linear-gradient(45deg, #e74c3c, #c0392b);
            color: white;
            padding: 4px 12px;
            border-radius: 12px;
            font-size: 0.75rem;
            font-weight: bold;
            box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
            text-transform: uppercase;
            letter-spacing: 1px;
            z-index: 10;
            
            /* Align Icon and Text */
            display: inline-flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 6px;
        }

        /* Light Theme Override for Important Question */
        body.light-theme .question-card.important-question {
            background-color: #ffffff !important; /* White background in light mode */
            border-color: #e74c3c !important;
            box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
        }
        /* =============================================== */
        
        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ TOC &amp; TOPIC HEADING STYLES START ========== */
        /* ======================================================== */

        .toc-container { background-color: var(--bg-content); border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 20px; margin: 20px 0; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); border: 1px solid var(--primary-color); transition: all 0.3s ease; }
        .toc-container h2 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-top: 0; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border-color, rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.3)); font-size: 1.5rem; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; }
        .toc-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 15px 0 0 0; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr)); gap: 12px; }
        .toc-item { background: var(--bg-main); padding: 12px 15px; border-radius: 6px; border-left: 4px solid var(--primary-color); cursor: pointer; font-weight: 500; color: var(--color-text-primary); transition: all 0.2s ease; display: flex; align-items: center; }
        .toc-item:hover { background: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.15); transform: translateX(5px); border-left-color: var(--secondary-color); }
        .toc-item::before { content: &#39;📌&#39;; margin-right: 10px; font-size: 1.1rem; }

        .in-quiz-topic-heading { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #2c3e50, #3498db); color: white !important; padding: 15px 20px; border-radius: var(--border-radius); font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 40px 0 20px 0; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); text-align: center; position: relative; border: 2px solid #fff; }
        body.light-theme .in-quiz-topic-heading { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #3498db, #2980b9); }

        .question-card.highlight-scroll {
            box-shadow: 0 0 25px #2ecc71 !important;
            border-color: #2ecc71 !important;
            transform: scale(1.01);
            transition: all 0.5s ease;
        }

        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ TOC &amp; TOPIC HEADING STYLES END ============ */
        /* ======================================================== */


        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ FIXED COLOR SETTINGS START ================ */
        /* ======================================================== */

        /* 1. DEFAULT (DARK MODE) SETTINGS */
        /* Since your theme defaults to dark mode, we set Yellow/White here */
        
        .question-text {
            font-size: 1.1rem;
            font-weight: bold;
            color: #FFFF00 !important; /* Yellow for Dark Mode */
            margin-bottom: 10px;
            cursor: pointer;
            display: block;
        }
        
        .urdu-text {
            font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif;
            direction: rtl;
            text-align: right;
            display: block;
            font-size: 1.1rem;
            color: #ffffff !important; /* White for Dark Mode */
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            cursor: pointer;
            line-height: 1.8;
        }

        /* 2. LIGHT MODE OVERRIDES */
        /* These trigger when the body has &#39;light-theme&#39; class */
        
        body.light-theme .question-text {
            color: #006400 !important; /* Dark Green for Light Mode */
        }
        
        body.light-theme .urdu-text {
            color: #000000 !important; /* Black for Light Mode */
        }

        /* Global Selection Notice Box Fixes */
        
        /* Default Dark Mode Box */
        .global-selection-notice {
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.2);
            border: 1px solid #FFFF00;
            padding: 12px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            text-align: center;
            color: #ffffff !important; /* White text default */
        }
        .global-selection-notice .urdu-text {
             color: #ffffff !important;
        }

        /* Light Mode Box Override */
        body.light-theme .global-selection-notice {
            background-color: #fff3cd;
            border: 1px solid #ffeeba;
            color: #856404 !important;
        }
        body.light-theme .global-selection-notice .urdu-text {
             color: #856404 !important;
        }

        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ FIXED COLOR SETTINGS END ================== */
        /* ======================================================== */

        .options {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            gap: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 15px;
        }
        
        .option {
            padding: 12px 15px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1)); 
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            cursor: pointer;
            transition: var(--transition);
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            position: relative;
            background-color: var(--bg-main); /* Slightly distinct from card bg */
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .option:hover {
            border-color: var(--primary-color);
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1);
        }
        
        .option-letter {
            display: inline-block;
            width: 24px;
            height: 24px;
            line-height: 24px;
            text-align: center;
            background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
            border-radius: 50%;
            margin-right: 12px;
            font-weight: 500;
            flex-shrink: 0;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .option-text {
            flex-grow: 1;
        }
        
        /* === UPDATE #1: Highlighted Answer Bold === */
        .correct {
            background-color: rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.2) !important;
            border-color: #28a745 !important;
            color: var(--color-text-primary) !important;
            font-weight: bold !important; /* Added Bold Property */
        }
        .correct .option-letter {
            background-color: #28a745;
            color: white;
        }
        
        .incorrect {
            background-color: rgba(220, 53, 69, 0.2) !important;
            border-color: #dc3545 !important;
            color: var(--color-text-primary) !important;
        }
        .incorrect .option-letter {
            background-color: #dc3545;
            color: white;
        }
        
        .explanation-btn {
            background-color: transparent;
            border: none;
            color: var(--primary-color);
            cursor: pointer;
            font-size: 0.9rem;
            padding: 5px 0;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 5px;
        }
        
        .explanation-btn:hover {
            text-decoration: underline;
        }
        
        .explanation {
            display: none;
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1); /* Transparent for dark mode */
            padding: 12px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-top: 10px;
            border-left: 3px solid var(--primary-color);
            font-size: 0.95rem;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .explanation-image {
            max-width: 100%;
            height: auto;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin: 10px 0;
            display: block;
        }
        .explanation-image-container {
            text-align: center;
            margin: 15px 0;
        }
        
        /* Explanation text highlighting styles */
        .explanation .highlight-red { color: #e74c3c; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-blue { color: #3498db; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-green { color: #2ecc71; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-yellow { 
            color: #f39c12; 
            font-weight: bold; 
            background-color: rgba(243, 156, 18, 0.1);
            padding: 0 2px;
            border-radius: 3px;
        }
        .explanation .highlight-purple { color: #9b59b6; font-weight: bold; }
        
        .controls {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: space-between;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
            gap: 10px;
        }
        
        .btn {
            padding: 10px 20px;
            border: none;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            font-weight: 500;
            cursor: pointer;
            transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .btn-primary { background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; }
        .btn-primary:hover { background-color: #2980b9; }
        .btn-secondary { background-color: #6c757d; color: white; }
        .btn-secondary:hover { background-color: #5a6268; }
        
        .divider {
            height: 1px;
            background-color: var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            margin: 25px 0;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
        }
        
        .ad-container {
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border: 1px dashed var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.2));
            padding: 20px;
            text-align: center;
            margin: 20px 0;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }

        /* RELATED TOPICS SECTION */
        .related-topics {
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            padding: 15px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin: 20px 0;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .related-topics h3 {
            margin-top: 0;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            padding-bottom: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;
        }
        .related-topics ul { padding-left: 20px; }
        .related-topics li { margin-bottom: 8px; color: var(--color-text-primary); }
        .related-topics a { color: var(--primary-color); text-decoration: none; }
        .related-topics a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

        .hidden { display: none; }
        .disabled { opacity: 0.5; pointer-events: none; }
        
        /* Social Share Buttons */
        .share-buttons { display: flex; gap: 8px; margin-top: 15px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
        .share-btn {
            display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
            padding: 6px 10px; border-radius: 4px; color: white;
            font-size: 10px; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s ease;
            text-decoration: none; border: none;
        }
        .share-btn .share-icon {
            width: 10px; height: 10px; margin-right: 5px;
            background-size: contain; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center;
        }
        .share-btn:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); }
        .facebook-btn { background-color: #3b5998; }
        .twitter-btn { background-color: #1da1f2; }
        .whatsapp-btn { background-color: #25d366; }
        .copy-link-btn { background-color: #6c757d; }
        .copy-link-btn.copied { background-color: #28a745; }
        
        .social-share-section {
            margin: 15px 0; padding: 10px;
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); text-align: center;
        }
        .social-share-title { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--color-text-secondary); margin-bottom: 8px; }
        
        /* Pagination Styles */
        .pagination { display: flex; justify-content: center; margin: 30px 0; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 5px; }
        .page-btn {
            padding: 8px 15px; margin: 0 2px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); background-color: var(--bg-content);
            color: var(--color-text-primary); cursor: pointer; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .page-btn:hover:not(.active) { background-color: var(--bg-main); }
        .active { background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; border-color: var(--primary-color); }
        .page-nav {
            padding: 8px 15px; margin: 0 2px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); background-color: var(--bg-content);
            color: var(--color-text-primary); cursor: pointer; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .page-nav:hover { background-color: var(--bg-main); }
        .disabled-nav { opacity: 0.5; cursor: not-allowed; pointer-events: none; }
        
        .page-search { margin-top: 15px; display: flex; justify-content: center; width: 100%; }
        .page-search input {
            padding: 8px 15px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); width: 150px; text-align: center;
            margin-right: 5px; background-color: var(--bg-content); color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        .page-search button {
            padding: 8px 15px; border: none; border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; cursor: pointer;
        }
        .page-ellipsis { display: inline-block; padding: 8px 12px; color: var(--color-text-secondary); }
        
        /* FAQ Section Styles */
        .faq-section {
            margin: 30px 0; background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 20px; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .faq-section h2 { color: var(--color-text-primary); border-bottom: 2px solid var(--primary-color); padding-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0; }
        .faq-item {
            margin-bottom: 15px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); overflow: hidden; transition: border-color 0.3s ease;
        }
        .faq-question {
            background-color: var(--bg-main); padding: 12px 15px; cursor: pointer;
            font-weight: 500; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        .faq-question:hover { background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1); }
        .faq-answer {
            padding: 15px; background-color: var(--bg-content); display: none;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; color: var(--color-text-secondary);
        }
        .faq-answer.show { display: block; }
        .faq-toggle { font-size: 1.2rem; transition: var(--transition); }
        .faq-toggle.rotated { transform: rotate(45deg); }

        /* Image Between Questions */
        .question-image { margin: 20px 0; text-align: center; }
        .question-image a { display: inline-block; }
        .question-image img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: var(--border-radius); box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); transition: transform 0.3s ease; }
        .question-image img:hover { transform: scale(1.02); }
        .question-image-caption { margin-top: 8px; font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--color-text-secondary); text-align: center; }

        .share-image-canvas { position: fixed; top: -9999px; left: -9999px; visibility: hidden; }

        .tts-btn {
            background-color: #6c757d; color: white; border: none;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 8px 12px; margin: 10px 0;
            cursor: pointer; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px;
            font-size: 0.9rem; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .tts-btn:hover { background-color: #5a6268; }
        .tts-btn i { font-size: 1rem; }

        .translate-btn {
            background-color: #3498db; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 4px;
            padding: 5px 10px; margin: 5px 0; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.8rem; transition: all 0.2s ease;
        }
        .translate-btn:hover { background-color: #2980b9; }
        .translate-btn i { display: none; }
        
        .explanation-urdu {
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            &lt;h1&gt;Earth and Space MCQs | 7th Class General Science Unit 12 | PakMCQs&lt;/h1&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Practice 7th Class General Science Unit 12 Earth and Space MCQs covering gravity, mass, weight, tides, Earth&#39;s revolution around the Sun, axis tilt, seasons, Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and constellations. These MCQs are useful for learning, revision and preparation. Prepare with PAKMCQs for ETEA, NTS, KPPSC, PPSC and FPSC exams.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;p class=&quot;urdu-text&quot;&gt;پی ڈی ایف ڈاؤن لوڈ کرنے کے بجائے، یہاں وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں۔ اِن شاء اللہ آپ کی تیاری مزید بہتر ہو جائے گی۔&lt;/p&gt;
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    &lt;h2&gt;Earth and Space | زمین اور خلا
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                &lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #e74c3c;&quot;&gt;7th Class General Science Unit 12: Earth and Space&lt;/h3&gt;
                
                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;Unit ka Asaan Khulasa&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Earth and Space unit mein hum gravity, planets aur moons ki orbits, mass aur weight, Moon ki gravity, tides, Earth ki revolution, seasons aur constellations ke bare mein seekhte hain. Is unit ka sab se important concept yeh hai ke gravity planets aur moons ko unki orbits mein rakhti hai, jab ke Earth ka 23.5° axial tilt aur Sun ke gird revolution seasons ke change ka sabab banta hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;1. Force of Gravity&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Gravity&lt;/span&gt; do objects ke darmiyan attraction ki force hai. Massive objects, jaise Sun, Earth aur planets, ki gravitational force zyada hoti hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sun ki Gravity:&lt;/b&gt; Sun ka mass bohat zyada hai, is liye uski gravity bhi strong hai. Sun ki gravitational pull planets ko apni taraf attract karti hai aur unhein Sun ke gird orbit mein rakhti hai. Agar Sun ki gravity na ho to planets apni orbit mein nahi rahenge aur seedhi direction mein move karne lagenge.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Easy Example:&lt;/i&gt; Rassi se bandha hua pathar jab circle mein ghumaya jata hai to rassi ki force pathar ko circular path mein rakhti hai. Isi tarah gravity planets ko orbit mein rakhne mein important role ada karti hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;2. Centripetal Force aur 3. Inertia&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Centripetal Force:&lt;/span&gt; Woh force jo kisi moving object ko circular path mein move karne mein help kare, centripetal force kehlata hai. (e.g. Rassi se bandhe pathar ko circle mein ghumane par rassi ki force pathar ko circular motion mein rakhti hai).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #8e44ad; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Inertia:&lt;/span&gt; Inertia kisi object ki woh property hai jis ki wajah se object apni rest ya uniform motion ki state ko maintain karna chahta hai. (e.g. Bara pathar move karna mushkil hota hai, Fan band karne ke baad kuch der tak rotate karta rehta hai, aur Planets apni motion ki wajah se Sun ke gird move karte rehte hain).&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;4. Earth aur Moon&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Moon Earth ka natural satellite hai. Earth ki gravity Moon ko apni taraf attract karti hai. Isi gravitational force ki wajah se Moon Earth ke gird orbit karta hai. Isi tarah Earth bhi Sun ki gravitational pull ki wajah se Sun ke gird revolve karti hai. &lt;b&gt;Satellite&lt;/b&gt; wo object hota hai jo kisi planet ke gird orbit karta hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;5. Mass aur 6. Weight&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Mass:&lt;/span&gt; Kisi body mein matter ki total quantity ko mass kehte hain. Mass kisi object ki location change hone se change nahi hota. (e.g. Agar watermelon ka mass Earth par 10 kg hai, to Moon par le jane se uska mass phir bhi 10 kg rahega). Mass ka SI unit &lt;b&gt;Kilogram (kg)&lt;/b&gt; hai, aur use measure karne ke liye physical balance, electronic balance, beam balance, weighing scale, ya weigh bridge use kiya jata hai. &lt;br&gt;&lt;i&gt;Examples:&lt;/i&gt; Vegetables &amp;rarr; kg | Jewellery &amp;rarr; grams | Medicine tablets &amp;rarr; milligrams.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #c0392b; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Weight:&lt;/span&gt; Earth kisi object ko apne centre ki taraf jis gravitational force se attract karti hai, us force ko weight kehte hain. Weight ek force hai, is liye iska SI unit &lt;b&gt;Newton (N)&lt;/b&gt; hai, aur use measure karne ke liye spring balance ya force meter use kiya jata hai. &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Formula: W = m × g&lt;/b&gt; (Earth par g = 9.8 N/kg or approximately 10 N/kg). (e.g. 10 kg watermelon ka weight Earth par W = 10 × 10 = 100 N hoga).&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;Mass aur Weight mein Difference&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Mass&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Weight&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Matter ki quantity&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Gravitational force&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;SI unit kg&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;SI unit N&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Location change se mass same rehta hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Gravity change hone se weight change hota hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Balance se measure kiya jata hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Spring balance se measure kiya jata hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;7. Moon ki Gravity aur 8. Weightlessness&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Moon ki gravity Earth se bohat kam hai (g &amp;asymp; 1.6 N/kg). Is liye 10 kg watermelon ka weight Moon par W = 10 × 1.6 = 16 N hoga. Moon par gravity zero nahi hai, is liye wahan actual weightlessness nahi hoti. Space mein weightless feel hone ki wajah astronauts ki free-fall condition hoti hai. Moon par gravity Earth se taqreeban 6 times kam hone ki wajah se wahan insan zyada uncha jump kar sakta hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;9. Tides (Juar Bhata)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Tides&lt;/span&gt; oceans ke water level ka rise (high tide) aur fall (low tide) hain. Tides ka sab se important cause Moon ki gravitational pull hai jo oceans ke pani ko apni taraf attract karti hai. Earth ki rotation aur inertia bhi is mein kirdar ada karte hain. (&lt;b&gt;Moon ki gravity &amp;rarr; Ocean water par pull &amp;rarr; Tides&lt;/b&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;10. Earth&#39;s Motions, Axis aur Axial Tilt&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;Rotation:&lt;/b&gt; Earth ka apne axis par spin karna rotation kehlata hai, jo din aur raat (Day and Night) ka sabab banta hai.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Revolution:&lt;/b&gt; Earth ka Sun ke gird orbit mein move karna revolution kehlata hai. (&lt;b&gt;Revolution + Axial Tilt &amp;rarr; Seasons&lt;/b&gt;).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Earth&#39;s Axis &amp; Tilt:&lt;/b&gt; Axis ek imaginary line hai jis ke around Earth rotate karti hai. Earth ka axis orbital plane ke perpendicular se approximately &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #c0392b;&quot;&gt;23.5° tilted&lt;/span&gt; hai. Earth ke middle se guzarti hui imaginary line ko Equator kehte hain.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;12. Seasons Kaise Change Hoti Hain?&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Earth ke axis ke 23.5° tilt aur revolution ki wajah se different parts par Sun ki rays different angles par milti hain. Jis hemisphere ko zyada direct sunlight milti hai wahan summer hota hai aur doosre mein winter. (&lt;b&gt;Northern Hemisphere mein Summer &amp;rarr; Southern Hemisphere mein Winter&lt;/b&gt;). Pakistan Northern Hemisphere mein hai jabke Australia Southern Hemisphere mein hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Important Seasons and Dates:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;21 June (Summer Solstice):&lt;/b&gt; Northern Hemisphere mein longest day aur shortest night (Summer) aur Southern Hemisphere mein Winter.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;23 September (Autumnal Equinox) &amp; 21 March (Vernal/Spring Equinox):&lt;/b&gt; Day aur night approximately equal hote hain.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;22 December (Winter Solstice):&lt;/b&gt; Northern Hemisphere mein shortest day aur longest night (Winter) aur Southern Hemisphere mein Summer.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;14. Constellation&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #8e44ad; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Constellation&lt;/span&gt; stars ka aisa group hai jo night sky mein kisi pattern ya picture ki tarah nazar aata hai (e.g., Orion, Leo, Taurus). Earth ki position change hone ki wajah se humein different times par sky ka different part aur different constellations nazar aati hain, jabke stars ki actual position nahi badalti.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;Mass, Weight aur Gravity: Quick Comparison&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• Mass = Matter ki quantity (kg) | • Weight = Gravitational force (N) | • Weight Formula: W = mg&lt;br&gt;
                • Earth ka g ≈ 10 N/kg | • Moon ka g ≈ 1.6 N/kg | • Mass on Moon = Same | • Weight on Moon = Less&lt;br&gt;
                • Weight measure karne ka instrument = Spring balance&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;Quick Revision&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
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                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Term&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Easy Meaning&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Gravity&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Objects ke darmiyan attraction force&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Centripetal Force&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Circular motion mein object ko rakhne wali force&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Inertia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;State of rest/motion ko maintain karne ki tendency&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Mass / Weight&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Matter ki quantity / Gravitational force&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Tides&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Water level ka rise aur fall&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Rotation / Revolution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Earth ka apne axis par spin / Earth ka Sun ke gird movement&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Axial Tilt / Constellation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Earth ka approximately 23.5° tilt / Stars ka recognizable pattern&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;div style=&quot;border-left: 5px solid #2e7d32; padding-left: 15px; margin: 15px 0;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;h5 style=&quot;margin-top: 0; color: #2e7d32;&quot;&gt;Key Points&lt;/h5&gt;
                    &lt;p&gt;• Gravity planets aur moons ko unki orbits mein rakhti hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Sun ka mass bohat zyada hai, is liye uski gravitational force strong hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Moon Earth ka natural satellite hai, Earth ki gravity ise orbit mein rakhti hai. Inertia object ki motion state maintain karne ki property hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Mass matter ki quantity (SI unit: kg) hai, jabki Weight gravitational force (SI unit: Newton, W = mg) hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Moon ki gravity Earth se approximately 6 times kam hai, jis se mass same rehta hai magar weight kam ho jata hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Tides mainly Moon ki gravitational pull ki wajah se hoti hain.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Earth ki rotation day/night banati hai, jabki revolution + axial tilt (23.5°) seasons change karte hain.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Northern Hemisphere mein summer ho to Southern Hemisphere mein winter hota ہے.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Constellation stars ka recognizable group ya pattern hota hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            
            &lt;!-- Urdu Content --&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;urdu-content&quot;&gt;
                &lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #e74c3c;&quot;&gt;ساتویں کلاس جنرل سائنس – یونٹ 12&lt;/h3&gt;
                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;یونٹ 12: ارتھ اور اسپیس (زمین اور خلا)&lt;/h4&gt;
                
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;یونٹ کا آسان خلاصہ:&lt;/strong&gt; ارتھ اور اسپیس (زمین اور خلا) یونٹ میں ہم گریویٹی (کششِ ثقل)، پلینٹس (سیاروں) اور مُونز (چاندوں) کے آربٹس (مداروں)، ماس (کمیت) اور ویٹ (وزن)، چاند (مُون) کی گریویٹی، ٹائڈز (جوار بھاٹا)، زمین کی ریولوشن (گردش)، سیزنز (موسموں) اور کانسٹیلیشنز (ستاروں کے جھرمٹ) کے بارے میں سیکھتے ہیں۔ اس یونٹ کا سب سے اہم تصور (امپورٹنٹ کانسیپٹ) یہ ہے کہ گریویٹی، پلینٹس اور مُونز کو ان کے آربٹس میں رکھتی ہے، جبکہ زمین کا 23.5 ڈگری محوری جھکاؤ (ایکسل ٹلٹ) اور سورج کے گرد ریولوشن (گردش) موسموں کی تبدیلی کا سبب بنتا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;1۔ فورس آف گریویٹی (کششِ ثقل کی قوت)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;گریویٹی&lt;/span&gt; دو آبجیکٹس (اجسام) کے درمیان اٹریکشن (کشش) کی فورس (قوت) ہے۔ بھاری آبجیکٹس، جیسے سورج، زمین اور پلینٹس کی گریویٹیشنل فورس زیادہ ہوتی ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;سورج کی گریویٹی:&lt;/b&gt; سورج کا ماس بہت زیادہ ہے، اس لیے اس کی گریویٹی بھی اسٹرونگ (مضبوط) ہے۔ سورج کی گریویٹیشنل پل (کھینچاؤ) پلینٹس کو اپنی طرف اٹریکٹ (کشش) کرتی ہے اور انہیں سورج کے گرد آربٹ (مدار) میں رکھتی ہے۔ اگر سورج کی گریویٹی نہ ہو تو پلینٹس اپنے آربٹ میں نہیں رہیں گے اور سیدھی سمت (ڈائریکشن) میں حرکت کرنے لگیں گے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;آسان مثال:&lt;/i&gt; رسی سے بندھا ہوا پتھر جب سرکل (دائرے) میں گھمایا جاتا ہے تو رسی کی فورس پتھر کو سرکولر پاتھ (دائرے کے راستے) میں رکھتی ہے۔ اسی طرح گریویٹی پلینٹس کو آربٹ میں رکھنے میں اہم کردار ادا کرتی ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;2۔ سینٹری پیٹل فورس (مرکز مائل قوت) اور 3۔ انرشیا (Inertia)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;سینٹری پیٹل فورس:&lt;/span&gt; وہ فورس جو کسی موونگ (حرکت کرتے ہوئے) آبجیکٹ کو سرکولر پاتھ میں حرکت کرنے میں مدد کرے، سینٹری پیٹل فورس کہلاتی ہے۔ (مثال: رسی سے بندھے پتھر کو سرکل میں گھمانانے پر رسی کی فورس پتھر کو سرکولر موشن میں رکھتی ہے)۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #8e44ad; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;انرشیا:&lt;/span&gt; انرشیا کسی آبجیکٹ کی وہ خصوصیت (پراپرٹی) ہے جس کی وجہ سے آبجیکٹ اپنی ریسٹ (سکون) یا یکساں حرکت کی حالت کو برقرار رکھنا چاہتا ہے۔ (مثالیں: بڑا پتھر ہلانا مشکل ہوتا ہے، پنکھا بند کرنے کے بعد کچھ دیر تک گھومتا رہتا ہے، اور سیارے سورج کے گرد مسلسل حرکت کرتے رہتے ہیں)۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;4۔ زمین اور چاند (ارتھ اور مُون)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;چاند زمین کا نیچرل (قدرتی) سیٹلائٹ ہے۔ زمین کی گریویٹی چاند کو اپنی طرف اٹریکٹ (کھینچتی) کرتی ہے۔ اسی گریویٹیشنل فورس کی وجہ سے چاند زمین کے گرد آربٹ کرتا ہے۔ اسی طرح زمین بھی سورج کی گریویٹیشنل پل کی وجہ سے سورج کے گرد گھومتی (ریوالو کرتی) ہے۔ &lt;b&gt;سیٹلائٹ&lt;/b&gt; وہ جسم ہے جو کسی سیارے کے گرد چکر لگاتا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;5۔ ماس (کمیت) اور 6۔ ویٹ (وزن)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ماس:&lt;/span&gt; کسی جسم میں مادہ (میٹر) کی کل مقدار کو ماس کہتے ہے۔ یہ جگہ بدلنے سے تبدیل نہیں ہوتا۔ (مثال: اگر تربوز کا ماس زمین پر 10 کلوگرام ہے تو چاند پر بھی 10 کلوگرام ہی رہے گا)۔ ماس کا ایس آئی یونٹ &lt;b&gt;کلوگرام (kg)&lt;/b&gt; ہے اور اسے فزیکل بیلنس، بیم بیلنس، یا الیکٹرانک بیلنس سے ناپا جاتا ہے۔ &lt;br&gt;&lt;i&gt;مثالیں:&lt;/i&gt; سبزیاں &amp;rarr; کلوگرام | زیورات &amp;rarr; گرام | ادویات &amp;rarr; ملی گرام۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #c0392b; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ویٹ (وزن):&lt;/span&gt; زمین کسی آبجیکٹ کو اپنے مرکز کی طرف جس کشش سے کھینچتی ہے اسے ویٹ کہتے ہیں۔ چونکہ یہ قوت ہے، اس کا ایس آئی یونٹ &lt;b&gt;نیوٹن (N)&lt;/b&gt; ہے اور اسے اسپرنگ بیلنس سے ناپا جاتا ہے۔ &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;فارمولا: W = m × g&lt;/b&gt; (زمین پر g کا اوسطاً قدر 10 N/kg لیا جاتا ہے)۔ (مثال: 10 کلوگرام کے تربوز کا وزن زمین پر W = 10 × 10 = 100 نیوٹن ہوگا)۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;ماس اور ویٹ میں فرق&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ماس (Mass)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ویٹ (Weight)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;میٹر (مادے) کی کل مقدار ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;گریویٹیشنل فورس (کششِ ثقل کی قوت) ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ایس آئی یونٹ کلوگرام (kg) ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ایس آئی یونٹ نیوٹن (N) ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;لوکیشن تبدیل ہونے سے ماس تبدیل نہیں ہوتا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;گریویٹی تبدیل ہونے سے ویٹ تبدیل ہوتا ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ترازو (بیلنس) سے میژر کیا جاتا ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;اسپرنگ بیلنس سے میژر کیا جاتا ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;7۔ چاند کی گریویٹی اور 8۔ بے وزنی (Weightlessness)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;چاند کی گریویٹی زمین سے بہت کم ہے (g ≈ 1.6 N/kg)۔ اس لیے چاند پر 10 کلوگرام کے تربوز کا وزن W = 10 × 1.6 = 16 نیوٹن ہوگا۔ چاند پر گریویٹی زیرو نہیں ہے اس لیے وہاں حقیقی بے وزنی نہیں ہوتی۔ خلاء میں خلابازوں کو بے وزنی آزادانہ گرنے (free-fall) کی حالت کی وجہ سے محسوس ہوتی ہے۔ چاند پر زمین سے 6 گنا کم گریویٹی ہونے کی وجہ سے انسان زیادہ بلندی تک چھلانگ لگا سکتا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;9۔ ٹائڈز (جوار بھاٹا)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ٹائڈز&lt;/span&gt; سمندروں کے پانی کا چڑھنا (ہائی ٹائڈ) اور اترنا (لو ٹائڈ) ہے۔ اس کی سب سے بڑی وجہ چاند کی کشش (gravitational pull) ہے جو سمندر کے پانی کو کھینچتی ہے۔ زمین کی محوری گردش اور انرشیا بھی اس میں مدد کرتے ہیں۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;10۔ زمین کی گردش، محور اور جھکاؤ&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;محوری گردش (Rotation):&lt;/b&gt; زمین کا اپنے محور پر گھومنا دن اور رات کا سبب بنتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;سالانہ گردش (Revolution):&lt;/b&gt; زمین کا سورج کے گرد مدار میں گھومنا سیزنز (موسم) تبدیل کرتا ہے۔ (&lt;b&gt;ریولوشن + محوری جھکاؤ &amp;rarr; موسم&lt;/b&gt;)۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;محور اور جھکاؤ (Axial Tilt):&lt;/b&gt; محور ایک فرضی لکیر ہے جس کے گرد زمین گھومتی ہے۔ زمین کا محور مدار کے عمود سے تقریباً &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #c0392b;&quot;&gt;23.5 ڈگری جھکا ہوا&lt;/span&gt; ہے۔ زمین کے بیچوں بیچ فرضی لکیر کو خطِ استوا (Equator) کہتے ہیں۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;12۔ سیزنز (موسم) کیسے تبدیل ہوتے ہیں؟&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;زمین کے محور کے 23.5 ڈگری جھکاؤ اور گردش کی وجہ سے سال کے مختلف اوقات میں سورج کی شعاعیں مختلف زاویوں پر پڑتی ہیں۔ جس نصف کرے کو زیادہ سیدھی سورج کی روشنی ملتی ہے وہاں گرمی کا موسم ہوتا ہے اور دوسرے میں سردی۔ (&lt;b&gt;شمالی نصف کرہ میں گرمی &amp;rarr; جنوبی نصف کرہ میں سردی&lt;/b&gt;)۔ پاکستان شمالی اور آسٹریلیا جنوبی نصف کرے میں واقع ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;اہم موسم اور تاریخیں:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;21 جون:&lt;/b&gt; شمالی نصف کرہ میں گرمی کا طویل ترین دن اور چھوٹی ترین رات (سمر سالسٹس) اور جنوبی نصف کرہ میں سردی۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;23 ستمبر اور 21 مارچ:&lt;/b&gt; دن اور رات تقریباً برابر ہوتے ہیں (ایکوینوکس)۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;22 دسمبر:&lt;/b&gt; شمالی نصف کرہ میں سردی کا چھوٹا ترین دن اور طویل ترین رات (ونٹر سالسٹس) اور جنوبی نصف کرہ میں گرمی۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;14۔ کانسٹیلیشن (ستاروں کا جھرمٹ)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #8e44ad; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;جھرمٹ (Constellation)&lt;/span&gt; ستاروں کا ایسا گروپ ہے جو رات کے آسمان میں کسی پیٹرن یا تصویر کی طرح نظر آتا ہے (جیسے اورین، لیو، ٹورس)۔ زمین کی پوزیشن بدلنے کی وجہ سے ہمیں سال کے مختلف اوقات میں مختلف جھرمٹ نظر آتے ہیں، جبکہ ستاروں کی اصل پوزیشن تبدیل نہیں ہوتی۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;ماس، ویٹ اور گریویٹی کا موازنہ&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• ماس = مادے کی کل مقدار (کلوگرام) | • وزن = کششِ ثقل کی قوت (نیوٹن) | • وزن کا فارمولا: W = mg&lt;br&gt;
                • زمین کا جی (g) ≈ 10 N/kg | • چاند کا جی ≈ 1.6 N/kg | • چاند پر ماس = ایک جیسا رہے گا | • چاند پر ویٹ = کم ہو جائے گا&lt;br&gt;
                • وزن ناپنے کا آلہ = اسپرنگ بیلنس&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;فوری اعادہ (Quick Revision)&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;اصطلاح (Term)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;آسان مطلب (Easy Meaning)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;کششِ ثقل (Gravity)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;اجسام کے درمیان کشش کی قوت&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;سینٹری پیٹل فورس&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;دائرے کی حرکت میں جسم کو رکھنے والی قوت&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;انرشیا (Inertia)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;حالتِ سکون/حرکت کو برقرار رکھنے کی صلاحیت&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ماس / وزن&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;میٹر (مادے) کی کل مقدار / کششِ ثقل کی قوت&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ٹائڈز&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پانی کی سطح کا چڑھنا اور اترنا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;روٹیشن / ریولوشن&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;زمین کا اپنے محور پر گھومنا / زمین کا سورج کے گرد گھومنا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;محوری جھکاؤ / جھرمٹ&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;زمین کا تقریباً 23.5 ڈگری جھکاؤ / ستاروں کا پہچانا جانے والا خاکہ&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;div style=&quot;border-right: 5px solid #2e7d32; padding-right: 15px; margin: 15px 0;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;h5 style=&quot;margin-top: 0; color: #2e7d32;&quot;&gt;اہم نکات (کی پوائنٹس)&lt;/h5&gt;
                    &lt;p&gt;• گریویٹی، پلینٹس اور مُونز کو ان کے آربٹس میں رکھتی ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • سورج کا ماس بہت زیادہ ہے، اس لیے اس کی گریویٹیشنل فورس مضبوط ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • چاند زمین کا قدرتی سیٹلائٹ ہے، زمین کی گریویٹی اسے مدار میں رکھتی ہے۔ انرشیا، آبجیکٹ کی پوزیشن برقرار رکھنے کی صلاحیت ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • ماس جسم میں مادہ کی مقدار (SI یونٹ: کلوگرام) ہے، جبکہ ویٹ کششِ ثقل کی قوت (SI یونٹ: نیوٹن، W = mg) ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • چاند کی گریویٹی زمین سے تقریباً 6 گنا کم ہے، جس سے چاند پر ماس تو یکساں رہتا ہے مگر وزن کم ہو جاتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • ٹائڈز بنیادی طور پر چاند کی کشش کی وجہ سے آتی ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • زمین کی محوری گردش (روٹیشن) دن اور رات کا سبب بنتی ہے، جبکہ سالانہ گردش اور محوری جھکاؤ (23.5 ڈگری) موسموں کی تبدیلی کا سبب بنتے ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • شمالی نصف کرہ میں گرمی ہو تو جنوبی نصف کرہ میں سردی ہوتی ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • کانسٹیلیشن ستاروں کا پہچانا جانے والا گروپ یا پیٹرن ہوتا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    
    &lt;div class=&quot;read-more-btn&quot; id=&quot;readMoreBtn&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;!-- Topics Table of Contents Container --&gt;
        &lt;div id=&quot;toc-container&quot; class=&quot;toc-container&quot; style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt;
            &lt;h2&gt;📚 Table of Contents (Topics Main Headings)&lt;/h2&gt;
            &lt;ul id=&quot;toc-list&quot; class=&quot;toc-list&quot;&gt;
                &lt;!-- TOC items will be injected here dynamically --&gt;
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        &lt;!-- Global Selection Notice --&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;global-selection-notice&quot;&gt;
            &lt;span class=&quot;urdu-text&quot;&gt;چار آپشن میں سے کسی پر بھی کلک کرنے سے جواب سبز ہو جائے گا&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
        
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            &lt;!-- Questions will be loaded here --&gt;
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        &lt;!-- FAQ Section - Updated design --&gt;
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    &lt;div class=&quot;faq-section&quot;&gt;
        &lt;h2&gt;Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)&lt;/h2&gt;
        
        &lt;!-- Visible FAQs (First 3) --&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;1. What is gravity?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Gravity is the force of attraction between two objects having mass.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;2. How does gravity keep planets in their orbits?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;The gravitational pull of the Sun provides the force that keeps planets moving around the Sun in their orbits.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;3. What is the difference between mass and weight?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Mass is the amount of matter in a body, while weight is the gravitational force acting on the body.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;!-- Hidden FAQs (Remaining 7) --&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;4. What is the SI unit of mass?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;The SI unit of mass is kilogram (kg).&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;5. What is the SI unit of weight?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;The SI unit of weight is newton (N).&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;6. What is the formula for calculating weight?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;The formula is W = m × g, where W is weight, m is mass, and g is gravitational field strength.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;7. What causes tides on Earth?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Tides are mainly caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon on Earth&#39;s oceans.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;8. Why is an object&#39;s weight less on the Moon?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;The Moon has much weaker gravity than Earth, so the same object weighs less on the Moon.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;9. Why does Earth have different seasons?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Earth&#39;s seasons are caused mainly by its 23.5° axial tilt and its annual revolution around the Sun.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;10. What is a constellation?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;A constellation is a group of stars that appears to form a recognizable pattern or picture in the night sky.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

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            &lt;button id=&quot;seeMoreFaqBtn&quot; class=&quot;btn btn-primary&quot;&gt;See More FAQs&lt;/button&gt;
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        &lt;!-- FOOTER AD SECTION HATA DIYA GAYA HAI --&gt;

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            sound: &quot;https://cdn-icons-png.flaticon.com/512/3161/3161837.png&quot; // Added sound icon
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                container.innerHTML = adsCode; // Yeh ab sirf &lt;ins&gt; tag daalay ga
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                    // Yeh line AdSense ko naye ad unit ko process karne ke liye kehti hai
                    (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
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                    console.error(&quot;AdSense error: &quot;, e);
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        // Updated Data with pdf: true property for demonstration
        const questions = [
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Force Of Gravity&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the force of attraction that exists between two material objects called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دو مادی اشیاء (material objects) کے درمیان پائی جانے والی کشش کی فورس کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Force of gravity&quot;, &quot;Electric force&quot;, &quot;Friction force&quot;, &quot;Magnetic force&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Force of gravity[/red] is correct because the mutual attractive force between any two masses in the universe is defined as the [blue]force of gravity[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]فورس آف گریویٹی (Force of gravity)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کائنات میں دو مادی اجسام کے درمیان پائی جانے والی باہمی کشش کو [blue]گریویٹی یا کششِ ثقل[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;For what type of objects is the force of gravity prominent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فورس آف گریویٹی کن اشیاء کے لیے زیادہ نمایاں (prominent) ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Tiny dust particles&quot;, &quot;Massive objects like planets&quot;, &quot;Light rays&quot;, &quot;Microscopic cells&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Massive objects like planets[/red] is correct because gravitational attraction is proportional to mass, making it [blue]prominent for massive astronomical bodies[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سیاروں جیسے بڑے اور بھاری اجسام کے لیے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گریویٹی کی فورس کا انحصار ماس پر ہوتا ہے اور یہ [blue]بڑے سیاروں کے لیے نمایاں[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why does the Sun have strong gravity?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سورج کی گریویٹی زیادہ مضبوط (strong gravity) کیوں ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sun has small size&quot;, &quot;Sun is cold&quot;, &quot;Sun has no particles&quot;, &quot;Sun has huge mass&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Sun has huge mass[/red] is correct because the Sun contains 99.8% of the solar system&#39;s mass, generating an [blue]extremely strong gravitational field[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سورج کا ماس بہت زیادہ ہے (Huge mass)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زیادہ ماس ہونے کی وجہ سے سورج کے پاس [blue]انتہائی مضبوط گریویٹی[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
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    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Who gave the famous law of gravitation?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گریویٹیشن کا مشہور قانون (law of gravitation) کس نے پیش کیا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Louis Pasteur&quot;, &quot;James Joule&quot;, &quot;Sir Isaac Newton&quot;, &quot;Galileo Galilei&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Sir Isaac Newton[/red] is correct because [blue]Sir Isaac Newton[/blue] formulated the Universal Law of Gravitation in 1687.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سر آئزک نیوٹن (Sir Isaac Newton)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کششِ ثقل کا عالمگیر قانون [blue]سر آئزک نیوٹن[/blue] نے پیش کیا تھا۔&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Gravity Of Sun&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What causes the Sun to possess a lot of gravity?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کس وجہ سے سورج کے پاس بہت زیادہ گریویٹی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because of its massiveness&quot;, &quot;Because of its distance from Earth&quot;, &quot;Because of cold temperature&quot;, &quot;Because of dark spots&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because of its massiveness[/red] is correct because an object&#39;s gravitational pull is directly determined by [blue]its total mass and massiveness[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اس کی بے پناہ کمیت یا جسامت کی وجہ سے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سورج کے پاس [blue]بہت زیادہ ماس (massiveness)[/blue] ہونے کی بدولت زبردست گریویٹی ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are planets affected by due to the Sun?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سورج کی وجہ سے سیارے (planets) کس چیز سے متاثر ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sun&#39;s ice&quot;, &quot;Sun&#39;s solid surface&quot;, &quot;Sun&#39;s gravitational pull&quot;, &quot;Sun&#39;s sound waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Sun&#39;s gravitational pull[/red] is correct because all planets are bound in their orbits by the [blue]Sun&#39;s continuous gravitational pull[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سورج کی گریویٹیشنل کشش سے (Sun&#39;s gravitational pull)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ تمام سیارے [blue]سورج کی کششِ ثقل کے زیرِ اثر[/blue] رہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the Sun&#39;s gravitational force enough to do to the planets?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سورج کی گریویٹیشنل فورس سیاروں کے ساتھ کیا کرنے کے لیے کافی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Pull planets into the sun&quot;, &quot;Move the planets around itself in their orbits&quot;, &quot;Stop planets from moving&quot;, &quot;Freeze the planets completely&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Move the planets around itself in their orbits[/red] is correct because solar gravity acts as the centripetal force [blue]holding planets in stable orbital motion[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سیاروں کو اپنے گرد مداروں میں گھمانے کے لیے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ یہ فورس سیاروں کو [blue]اپنے اپنے مدار (orbit) میں گردش[/blue] پر قائم رکھتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What will happen to the planets if the Sun&#39;s gravity suddenly ceases?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر سورج کی گریویٹی اچانک ختم (ceases) ہو جائے تو سیاروں کا کیا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Fall directly into the sun&quot;, &quot;Stop moving instantly&quot;, &quot;Spin in small circles&quot;, &quot;Immediately travel straight in the direction of speed&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Immediately travel straight in the direction of speed[/red] is correct because due to inertia, objects without a centripetal force [blue]fly off tangentially in a straight line[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]وہ اپنی رفتار کی سمت میں بالکل سیدھے نکل جائیں گے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ انارشیا کے تحت سیارے مدار چھوڑ کر [blue]سیدھی لکیر میں خلا کے اندر[/blue] روانہ ہو جائیں گے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What forces planets to move in their orbits around the Sun?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سیاروں کو سورج کے گرد ان کے مداروں میں گردش پر کون سی فورس مجبور کرتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Gravity&quot;, &quot;Friction&quot;, &quot;Air pressure&quot;, &quot;Magnetism&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Gravity[/red] is correct because the gravitational pull between the Sun and planets provides the essential [blue]centripetal force for orbital revolution[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گریویٹی (Gravity)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سورج کی [blue]گریویٹی ہی سیاروں کو گول مداروں میں حرکت[/blue] پر مجبور کرتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Do You Know?&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the property of an object to maintain its state of rest or uniform motion called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی جسم کی سکون یا یکساں حرکت کی حالت کو برقرار رکھنے کی خصوصیت کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Gravity&quot;, &quot;Inertia&quot;, &quot;Friction&quot;, &quot;Pressure&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Inertia[/red] is correct because [blue]inertia is the resistance of any physical object[/blue] to any change in its velocity or state of rest.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]انارشیا (Inertia)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کسی جسم کے ساکن رہنے یا یکساں حرکت کو جاری رکھنے کی اندرونی خصوصیت کو [blue]انارشیا[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why is a large stone difficult to move?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;بڑے پتھر کو ہلانا یا منتقل کرنا کیوں مشکل ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because of its mass&quot;, &quot;Because of its color&quot;, &quot;Because of its temperature&quot;, &quot;Because of air pressure&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because of its mass[/red] is correct because greater mass directly gives an object [blue]greater inertia, resisting motion changes[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اس کے زیادہ ماس کی وجہ سے (Because of its mass)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زیادہ ماس ہونے سے جسم کا [blue]انارشیا بڑھ جاتا ہے[/blue] اور اسے ہلانا مشکل ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When fans are turned off, why do they continue to rotate for a long time?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پنکھے بند کرنے کے بعد بھی وہ کافی دیر تک کیوں گھومتے رہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Due to gravity&quot;, &quot;Due to heat&quot;, &quot;Due to inertia&quot;, &quot;Due to magnetism&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Due to inertia[/red] is correct because rotational inertia causes the blades to [blue]maintain their rotational state of motion[/blue] until friction slows them.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]انارشیا کی وجہ سے (Due to inertia)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ حرکت میں رہنے کا رجحان یعنی [blue]انارشیا پنکھے کو کچھ دیر تک گھماتا رہتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why do rotating objects like turned-off fans eventually cease to rotate?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پنکھے جیسی گھومتی اشیاء بالآخر کس کی وجہ سے گھومنا بند (cease) کر دیتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Due to gravity&quot;, &quot;Due to air resistance&quot;, &quot;Due to heat&quot;, &quot;Due to light rays&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Due to air resistance[/red] is correct because opposing forces like [blue]air drag and bearing friction[/blue] gradually remove rotational energy.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہوا کی مزاحمت کی وجہ سے (Due to air resistance)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ [blue]ہوا کی رگڑ اور مزاحمت[/blue] بالآخر پنکھے کی حرکت کو روک دیتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why do our solar system&#39;s planets keep circling around the Sun?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہمارے نظامِ شمسی کے سیارے سورج کے گرد مسلسل کیوں چکر لگاتے رہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;They have no mass&quot;, &quot;They have zero speed&quot;, &quot;Air pushes them&quot;, &quot;They have a lot of inertia&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]They have a lot of inertia[/red] is correct because their immense mass gives them [blue]huge forward inertia[/blue], perfectly balanced by the Sun&#39;s gravity in vacuum.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ان کے پاس بہت زیادہ انارشیا ہوتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بھاری سیاروں کا [blue]زبردست انارشیا[/blue] انہیں خلا میں مسلسل آگے کی طرف حرکت میں رکھتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Information&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the force which moves a body into a circle called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ فورس جو کسی جسم کو دائرے (circle) میں گھماتی ہے کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Friction force&quot;, &quot;Centripetal force&quot;, &quot;Gravitational pull&quot;, &quot;Magnetic force&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Centripetal force[/red] is correct because the center-seeking force that continuously curves an object&#39;s path into a circle is [blue]centripetal force[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سینٹری پیٹل فورس (Centripetal force)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ وہ فورس جو کسی جسم کو دائرے میں گھمانے کے لیے مرکز کی طرف کھینچتی ہے [blue]سینٹری پیٹل فورس[/blue] کہلاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What force moves a stone tied to a string in a circle when it is whirled?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ڈوری سے بندھے پتھر کو گھمانے پر کون سی فورس اسے دائرے میں گھماتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Centripetal force&quot;, &quot;Air resistance&quot;, &quot;Electric force&quot;, &quot;Thermal energy&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Centripetal force[/red] is correct because the tension in the string provides the necessary [blue]centripetal force to maintain circular motion[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سینٹری پیٹل فورس (Centripetal force)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ڈوری کی کھنچاؤ والی فورس پتھر کو دائرے میں گھمانے کے لیے [blue]سینٹری پیٹل فورس[/blue] فراہم کرتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Although a whirled stone wants to go straight, what does the centripetal force do?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگرچہ گھومتا ہوا پتھر سیدھا جانا چاہتا ہے، لیکن فورس اس کے ساتھ کیا کرتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Stops it instantly&quot;, &quot;Moves it in circle&quot;, &quot;Drops it down&quot;, &quot;Increases its mass&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Moves it in circle[/red] is correct because centripetal force continually redirects the velocity vector, [blue]forcing the object into a circular path[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اسے دائرے میں حرکت دیتی ہے (Moves it in circle)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سینٹری پیٹل فورس پتھر کی سمت موڑ کر اسے [blue]دائرے میں گھومنے پر مجبور[/blue] کرتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What direction will the ball take if the string is released when the ball is whirling in a circle?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر دائرے میں گھومتے ہوئے گیند کی ڈوری چھوڑ دی جائے تو گیند کس سمت میں جائے گی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Ball goes straight toward A not toward B&quot;, &quot;Ball goes toward B not toward A&quot;, &quot;Ball stops moving immediately&quot;, &quot;Ball turns backward&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Ball goes straight toward A not toward B[/red] is correct because releasing the string removes centripetal force, allowing inertia to [blue]carry the ball tangentially straight ahead (toward A)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]بال سیدھی A کی طرف جائے گی B کی طرف نہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ڈوری چھوٹنے سے سینٹری پیٹل فورس ختم ہو جاتی ہے اور انارشیا کی وجہ سے [blue]بال ٹینجینٹ سمت (A) میں سیدھی چلی جاتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Earth And Moon&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the Moon described as relative to our Earth?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چاند ہماری زمین کا کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Artificial satellite&quot;, &quot;Natural satellite of our earth&quot;, &quot;A planet&quot;, &quot;A star&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Natural satellite of our earth[/red] is correct because the Moon is a celestial body naturally [blue]orbiting our planet Earth as its natural satellite[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہماری زمین کا قدرتی سیٹلائٹ (Natural satellite)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چاند زمین کے گرد قدرتی طور پر چکر لگانے والا [blue]قدرتی سیٹلائٹ[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Just like the Sun, what does the Earth apply on the Moon to revolve it around itself?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سورج کی طرح زمین چاند کو اپنے گرد گھمانے کے لیے اس پر کیا لگاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Air pressure&quot;, &quot;Friction&quot;, &quot;Force of gravity&quot;, &quot;Heat energy&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Force of gravity[/red] is correct because Earth&#39;s mass exerts an inward [blue]force of gravity holding the Moon in its orbit[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]فورس آف گریویٹی (Force of gravity)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زمین چاند پر [blue]کششِ ثقل (گریویٹی)[/blue] لگاتی ہے جس سے چاند اس کے گرد گھومتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does the Moon do due to the Earth&#39;s force of gravity?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین کی فورس آف گریویٹی کی وجہ سے چاند کیا کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Revolves around the earth&quot;, &quot;Falls directly onto the earth&quot;, &quot;Stops moving completely&quot;, &quot;Flies straight into space&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Revolves around the earth[/red] is correct because gravitational acceleration continually curves the Moon&#39;s trajectory so it [blue]revolves stably around Earth[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زمین کے گرد گردش کرتا ہے (Revolves around earth)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زمین کی کشش چاند کو خلا میں گرنے یا بھاگنے نہیں دیتی بلکہ [blue]گردش پر قائم رکھتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Information&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When a cannon fires a ball with low speed, where does the ball fall on Earth&#39;s surface?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب توپ سے کم رفتار (low speed) کے ساتھ گولا داغا جاتا ہے تو وہ زمین کی سطح پر کہاں گرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;At point \&quot;A\&quot;&quot;, &quot;At point \&quot;B\&quot;&quot;, &quot;At point \&quot;C\&quot;&quot;, &quot;At point \&quot;D\&quot;&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]At point \&quot;A\&quot;[/red] is correct because low initial velocity causes gravity to pull the projectile down [blue]nearby at point A[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پوائنٹ \&quot;A\&quot; پر گرتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کم رفتار کی وجہ سے گریویٹی گولے کو جلد ہی قریب میں [blue]پوائنٹ \&quot;A\&quot; پر گرا دیتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When the speed of the cannon ball is increased, where does it fall on Earth&#39;s surface?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب گولے کی رفتار بڑھائی جاتی ہے تو وہ زمین پر کہاں گرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;At point \&quot;A\&quot;&quot;, &quot;At point \&quot;B\&quot;&quot;, &quot;Into the sun&quot;, &quot;At point \&quot;C\&quot;&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]At point \&quot;B\&quot;[/red] is correct because higher horizontal velocity allows the ball to travel further [blue]before gravity brings it down at point B[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پوائنٹ \&quot;B\&quot; پر گرتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ رفتار زیادہ ہونے سے گولا آگے جا کر کچھ فاصلے پر [blue]پوائنٹ \&quot;B\&quot; پر گرتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to the ball if its speed is further increased as shown in \&quot;C\&quot;?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر گولے کی رفتار مزید بڑھائی جائے جیسے \&quot;C\&quot; میں دکھایا گیا ہے، تو کیا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;It will stop instantly&quot;, &quot;It will break into pieces&quot;, &quot;It will start orbiting the earth without falling on earth&quot;, &quot;It falls back at point A&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]It will start orbiting the earth without falling on earth[/red] is correct because reaching orbital velocity matches the Earth&#39;s curvature, so it [blue]falls perpetually around Earth without hitting it[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ زمین پر گرے بغیر زمین کے گرد مدار میں گھومنے لگے گا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مناسب رفتار پر گولا [blue]زمین کے گرد مدار (orbit)[/blue] میں داخل ہو جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the ball called when it orbits the Earth at a higher altitude as shown in \&quot;D\&quot;?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب گولا \&quot;D\&quot; کی طرح زیادہ اونچائی (higher altitude) پر زمین کے گرد گردش کرتا ہے تو اسے کیا کہا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Meteor&quot;, &quot;Satellite&quot;, &quot;Planet&quot;, &quot;Star&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Satellite[/red] is correct because an object that enters continuous orbital path around a planet is defined as a [blue]satellite[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سیٹلائٹ (Satellite)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بلندی پر زمین کے گرد مستقل چکر لگانے والے جسم کو [blue]سیٹلائٹ[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does the Earth revolve around, in the same way Moon and satellites revolve around the Earth?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جس طرح چاند زمین کے گرد گھومتا ہے، اسی طرح زمین کس کے گرد گردش کرتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sun&quot;, &quot;Moon&quot;, &quot;Point A&quot;, &quot;Mars&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Sun[/red] is correct because our planet Earth completes an annual orbital revolution [blue]around the Sun[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سورج کے گرد (Around the Sun)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جس طرح چاند زمین کے گرد چکر لگاتا ہے بالکل اسی طرح [blue]زمین سورج کے گرد گردش کرتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Mass&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are all things in nature composed of?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;قدرت میں تمام اشیاء کن ذرات سے مل کر بنی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Particles i.e., atoms and molecules&quot;, &quot;Pure energy&quot;, &quot;Light rays&quot;, &quot;Vacuum space&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Particles i.e., atoms and molecules[/red] is correct because all physical matter in the universe is structurally composed of [blue]atoms and molecules[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ذرات یعنی ایٹمز اور مالیکیولز پر[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دنیا کی تمام مادی چیزیں [blue]ایٹمز اور مالیکیولز[/blue] سے مل کر بنتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the quantity of matter in a body called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی جسم میں مادہ کی مقدار (quantity of matter) کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Weight&quot;, &quot;Mass&quot;, &quot;Gravity&quot;, &quot;Pressure&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Mass[/red] is correct because the fundamental scalar measure of the [blue]total quantity of matter contained within an object is mass[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ماس (Mass)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کسی جسم کے اندر موجود مادہ کی کل مقدار کو اس کا [blue]ماس (کمیت)[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the SI unit of mass?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ماس (mass) کا SI یونٹ کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Gram (g)&quot;, &quot;Milligram (mg)&quot;, &quot;Kilogram (kg)&quot;, &quot;Ton&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Kilogram (kg)[/red] is correct because the base standard unit for measuring mass in the International System of Units (SI) is the [blue]kilogram (kg)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کلوگرام یعنی kg (Kilogram)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایس آئی سسٹم میں ماس کی بنیادی اکائی [blue]کلوگرام (kg)[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the smaller units and bigger unit of mass respectively?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ماس کے چھوٹے یونٹس اور بڑا یونٹ بالترتیب کون سے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Smaller: ton, Bigger: gram&quot;, &quot;Smaller: Newton, Bigger: Joule&quot;, &quot;Smaller: meter, Bigger: kilometer&quot;, &quot;Smaller: gram (g) &amp; milligram (mg), Bigger: ton&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Smaller: gram (g) &amp; milligram (mg), Bigger: ton[/red] is correct because grams and milligrams measure smaller masses while [blue]metric tons measure large bulk masses[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]چھوٹے: گرام اور ملی گرام، بڑا: ٹن[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ماس کے ذیلی چھوٹے یونٹس [blue]g اور mg[/blue] جبکہ بڑا یونٹ [blue]ٹن (ton)[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many kilograms (kg) are equal to 1 ton?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;1 ٹن (ton) کتنے کلوگرام (kg) کے برابر ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;100 kg&quot;, &quot;1000 kg&quot;, &quot;10000 kg&quot;, &quot;10 kg&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]1000 kg[/red] is correct because 1 metric ton equals exactly [blue]1000 kilograms (1 ton = 1000 kg)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]1000 کلوگرام (1000 kg)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 1 ٹن کے اندر بالکل [blue]1000 کلوگرام[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many grams (g) are equal to 1 kilogram (kg)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;1 کلوگرام (kg) کتنے گرام (g) کے برابر ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;1000 g&quot;, &quot;100 g&quot;, &quot;10 g&quot;, &quot;10000 g&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]1000 g[/red] is correct because metric kilo prefix represents 10³, meaning [blue]1 kg = 1000 grams[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]1000 گرام (1000 g)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 1 کلوگرام کے اندر [blue]1000 گرام[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many milligrams (mg) are equal to 1 gram (g)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;1 گرام (g) کتنے ملی گرام (mg) کے برابر ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;10 mg&quot;, &quot;100 mg&quot;, &quot;1000 mg&quot;, &quot;10000 mg&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]1000 mg[/red] is correct because 1 gram contains exactly [blue]1000 milligrams (1 g = 1000 mg)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]1000 ملی گرام (1000 mg)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 1 گرام [blue]1000 ملی گرام[/blue] کے برابر ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What unit is used to measure vegetables?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سبزیوں (vegetable) کی پیمائش کس یونٹ میں کی جاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;kg&quot;, &quot;grams&quot;, &quot;milligram&quot;, &quot;ton&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]kg[/red] is correct because daily groceries and vegetables are commercially quantified in [blue]kilograms (kg)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کلوگرام یعنی kg[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ عام طور پر سبزیوں اور گھریلو اشیاء کی خرید و فروخت [blue]کلوگرام (kg)[/blue] میں کی جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What unit is used to measure jewelry?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جیولری (jewelry) کی پیمائش کس یونٹ میں کی جاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;kg&quot;, &quot;grams&quot;, &quot;ton&quot;, &quot;kilometer&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]grams[/red] is correct because precious metals like gold and silver jewelry are precisely weighed in [blue]grams (g)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گرام یعنی grams[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سونے اور چاندی کے زیورات کی پیمائش [blue]گرام[/blue] میں کی جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What unit are medicinal tablets measured in?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ادویات کی گولیاں یا ٹیبلیٹس (tablets) کس یونٹ میں ماپی جاتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;ton&quot;, &quot;kg&quot;, &quot;milligram&quot;, &quot;liter&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]milligram[/red] is correct because pharmaceutical tablet dosages contain tiny active ingredient quantities measured in [blue]milligrams (mg)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ملی گرام یعنی milligram[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ادویات میں کیمیائی اجزاء کی مقدار بہت کم ہونے سے ان کی پیمائش [blue]ملی گرام (mg)[/blue] میں ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What instrument is used to measure the mass of a body?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی جسم کا ماس کس آلے کے ذریعے ماپا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Thermometer&quot;, &quot;Physical balance&quot;, &quot;Stethoscope&quot;, &quot;Speedometer&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Physical balance[/red] is correct because mass is traditionally and accurately measured by comparison using a [blue]physical balance or beam balance[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]فزیکل بیلنس (Physical balance)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کسی جسم کے ماس کی پیمائش کے لیے [blue]فزیکل بیلنس (ترازو)[/blue] استعمال ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is a type of balance used to measure mass?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کون سا ترازو یا بیلنس ماس ماپنے کی قسم ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Electronic Balance and Beam Balance&quot;, &quot;Weigh Scale&quot;, &quot;Weigh Bridge Scale&quot;, &quot;All of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All of the above[/red] is correct because electronic balances, beam balances, weighing scales, and truck weighbridges are all [blue]devices used to measure mass[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ تمام (All of the above)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ الیکٹرانک بیلنس، بیم بیلنس، وزنی کانٹا اور وی برج سب [blue]ماس کی پیمائش کے آلات[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If the mass of a watermelon is 10 kg on Earth, what will its mass be when taken to the Moon?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر زمین پر تربوز کا ماس 10kg ہو تو چاند پر لے جانے پر اس کا ماس کتنا ہو گا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;10 kg&quot;, &quot;1 kg&quot;, &quot;0 kg&quot;, &quot;60 kg&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]10 kg[/red] is correct because mass is an intrinsic property that [blue]remains constant at 10 kg regardless of location[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]10 kg ہی رہے گا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جگہ تبدیل ہونے سے ماس پر کوئی فرق نہیں پڑتا اور تربوز کا ماس [blue]چاند پر بھی 10 kg[/blue] رہے گا۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why does the mass of a body NOT change when shifted from Earth to the Moon?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین سے چاند پر منتقل کرنے سے کسی جسم کا ماس کیوں تبدیل نہیں ہوتا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because moon has zero gravity&quot;, &quot;Because changing location causes no change in amount of matter&quot;, &quot;Because mass turns into energy&quot;, &quot;Because moon has strong air&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because changing location causes no change in amount of matter[/red] is correct because the number of atoms and [blue]quantity of matter inside the body remains identical[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ جگہ بدلنے سے مادہ کی مقدار میں کوئی تبدیلی نہیں آتی[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جسم کے اندر موجود [blue]ایٹمز اور مادہ کی مقدار یکساں رہتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Weight&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the force with which Earth attracts anything towards its center called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ فورس جس کے ساتھ زمین کسی شے کو اپنے مرکز کی طرف کھینچتی ہے کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mass&quot;, &quot;Weight of the body&quot;, &quot;Friction&quot;, &quot;Inertia&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Weight of the body[/red] is correct because the gravitational force pulling an object towards Earth&#39;s center is defined as [blue]weight (W = mg)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]جسم کا ویٹ یا وزن (Weight of the body)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ وہ فورس جس سے زمین کسی جسم کو اپنے مرکز کی طرف کھینچتی ہے اس کا [blue]ویٹ (وزن)[/blue] کہلاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the SI unit and symbol used for measuring weight?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ویٹ (weight) کی پیمائش کا SI یونٹ اور سمبل کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Kilogram (kg)&quot;, &quot;Joule (J)&quot;, &quot;Newton (N)&quot;, &quot;Meter (m)&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Newton (N)[/red] is correct because weight is a gravitational force, so its SI unit is the [blue]newton (N)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نیوٹن یعنی N (Newton)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ویٹ دراصل ایک فورس ہے اور فورس کا ایس آئی یونٹ [blue]نیوٹن (N)[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What device is used to measure the weight of a body?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی جسم کا ویٹ ناپنے کے لیے کون سا آلہ استعمال ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Physical balance&quot;, &quot;Thermometer&quot;, &quot;Stethoscope&quot;, &quot;Spring balance or force meter&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Spring balance or force meter[/red] is correct because extension in a calibrated spring measures the downward force using a [blue]spring balance (newton meter)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اسپرنگ بیلنس یا فورس میٹر[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ویٹ کی پیمائش کے لیے [blue]اسپرنگ بیلنس (spring balance)[/blue] استعمال ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the mathematical formula used to calculate weight (W)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ویٹ (W) معلوم کرنے کا فارمولا کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;W = m / g&quot;, &quot;W = m × g&quot;, &quot;W = m + g&quot;, &quot;W = m - g&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]W = m × g[/red] is correct because weight equals mass multiplied by local gravitational field strength: [blue]W = mg[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]W = m × g[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ویٹ معلوم کرنے کے لیے ماس کو گریویٹیشنل فیلڈ اسٹرینتھ سے ضرب [blue]W = m × g[/blue] دی جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the value of gravitational field strength (g) on the surface of Earth?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین کی سطح پر گریویٹیشنل فیلڈ اسٹرینتھ (g) کی قیمت کتنی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;9.8 newton per kilogram (or 10 N/kg)&quot;, &quot;1.6 N/kg&quot;, &quot;100 N/kg&quot;, &quot;0 N/kg&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]9.8 newton per kilogram (or 10 N/kg)[/red] is correct because standard surface gravity on Earth accelerates mass at [blue]9.8 N/kg (approx. 10 N/kg)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]9.8 نیوٹن فی کلوگرام یا تقریباً 10 N/kg[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زمین کی سطح پر [blue]g کی قیمت 9.8 N/kg (یا 10 N/kg)[/blue] لی جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the weight of a 2 kg body placed on Earth&#39;s surface (taking g = 10 N/kg)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین پر 2kg ماس والے جسم کا ویٹ (g = 10 N/kg لیتے ہوئے) کتنا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2 N&quot;, &quot;10 N&quot;, &quot;20 N&quot;, &quot;200 N&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]20 N[/red] is correct because W = m × g = [blue]2 kg × 10 N/kg = 20 N[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]20 N[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ W = mg کے مطابق [blue]2 kg × 10 N/kg = 20 N[/blue] حاصل ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the weight of a 10 kg watermelon on Earth (taking g = 10 N/kg)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین پر 10kg ماس کے تربوز کا ویٹ کتنا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;10 N&quot;, &quot;100 N&quot;, &quot;1000 N&quot;, &quot;1 N&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]100 N[/red] is correct because W = 10 kg × 10 N/kg = [blue]100 N[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]100 N[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فارمولے کے مطابق [blue]10 kg × 10 N/kg = 100 N[/blue] بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many times less is the gravity field strength on the surface of the Moon compared to Earth?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چاند کی سطح پر گریویٹی فیلڈ اسٹرینتھ زمین کے مقابلے میں کتنے گنا کم ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2 times less&quot;, &quot;10 times less&quot;, &quot;100 times less&quot;, &quot;6 times less&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]6 times less[/red] is correct because the Moon&#39;s surface gravity is roughly [blue]one-sixth (6 times less) of Earth&#39;s gravity[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]6 گنا کم (6 times less)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چاند پر کششِ ثقل زمین کے مقابلے میں [blue]6 گنا کم (1/6)[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the gravity field strength on the surface of the Moon compared to Earth?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین کے مقابلے میں چاند کی سطح پر گریویٹی فیلڈ اسٹرینتھ کتنی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;6 times less than that of earth&quot;, &quot;Equal to that of earth&quot;, &quot;6 times greater than that of earth&quot;, &quot;100 times less than that of earth&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]6 times less than that of earth[/red] is correct because g_moon is approximately [blue]1/6th the gravitational strength of Earth[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زمین کے مقابلے میں 6 گنا کم[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چاند کا چھوٹا ماس زمین کی نسبت [blue]6 گنا کم گریویٹی فیلڈ[/blue] پیدا کرتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the relation formula for gravitational field strength on the Moon&#39;s surface (g_moon)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چاند کی سطح پر گریویٹیشنل فیلڈ اسٹرینتھ (g_moon) کا مساواتی تعلق کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;g_moon = 6 × g_earth&quot;, &quot;g_moon = 1/6 (g_earth)&quot;, &quot;g_moon = g_earth&quot;, &quot;g_moon = 1/10 (g_earth)&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]g_moon = 1/6 (g_earth)[/red] is correct because the Moon&#39;s gravitational strength is mathematically expressed as [blue]g_moon = 1/6 (g_earth)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]g_moon = 1/6 (g_earth)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چاند کی گریویٹی معلوم کرنے کا حسابی تعلق [blue]g_moon = 1/6 (g_earth)[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the calculated value of gravitational field strength on the Moon&#39;s surface (g_moon)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چاند کی سطح پر گریویٹیشنل فیلڈ اسٹرینتھ (g_moon) کی قیمت کتنی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;10 N/kg&quot;, &quot;9.8 N/kg&quot;, &quot;1.6 N/kg&quot;, &quot;0 N/kg&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]1.6 N/kg[/red] is correct because taking 1/6 of 9.8 or 10 N/kg gives approximately [blue]1.6 N/kg (or 1.62 m/s²)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]1.6 N/kg[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چاند کی سطح پر گریویٹی کی قیمت تقریباً [blue]1.6 N/kg[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;With how much force does the Moon attract a 1 kg mass?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چاند 1kg ماس کو اپنی طرف کتنی فورس کے ساتھ کھینچتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Force of only 1.6 N&quot;, &quot;Force of 10 N&quot;, &quot;Force of 9.8 N&quot;, &quot;Force of 20 N&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Force of only 1.6 N[/red] is correct because W = m × g = 1 kg × 1.6 N/kg = [blue]only 1.6 N of gravitational attraction[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]صرف 1.6 N کی فورس کے ساتھ[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چاند پر 1kg کا وزن [blue]صرف 1.6 N[/blue] نکلتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the calculated weight of a 10 kg watermelon on the Moon (W_moon)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چاند پر 10kg ماس والے تربوز کا ویٹ (W_moon) کتنا نکلتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;100 N&quot;, &quot;16 N&quot;, &quot;10 N&quot;, &quot;1.6 N&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]16 N[/red] is correct because W = 10 kg × 1.6 N/kg = [blue]16 N on the Moon&#39;s surface[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]16 N[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چاند پر تربوز کا وزن [blue]10 kg × 1.6 N/kg = 16 N[/blue] بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the force with which Earth and Moon attract the same 10 kg watermelon respectively?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اسی 10kg تربوز کو زمین اور چاند بالترتیب کتنی فورس سے اپنی طرف کھینچتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Earth: 100 N, Moon: only 16 N&quot;, &quot;Earth: 16 N, Moon: 100 N&quot;, &quot;Earth: 10 N, Moon: 10 N&quot;, &quot;Earth: 100 N, Moon: 100 N&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Earth: 100 N, Moon: only 16 N[/red] is correct because Earth pulls with [blue]100 N (10×10)[/blue] while the Moon pulls with [blue]16 N (10×1.6)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زمین: 100 N، چاند: صرف 16 N[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زمین 100N کی فورس سے اور چاند [blue]صرف 16N کی فورس[/blue] سے کھینچتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Jumping On Moon&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If you jump up on the Moon, how much higher will you rise compared to Earth because of less gravity?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کم گریویٹی کے باعث چاند پر چھلانگ لگانے سے آپ زمین کے مقابلے میں کتنی زیادہ اونچائی (more height) تک اٹھیں گے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2 times more height&quot;, &quot;6 times more height&quot;, &quot;Same height&quot;, &quot;100 times less height&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]6 times more height[/red] is correct because jump height is inversely proportional to gravity, allowing a jump [blue]6 times higher on the Moon[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]6 گنا زیادہ اونچائی تک (6 times more height)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چاند کی گریویٹی 6 گنا کم ہونے سے انسان [blue]6 گنا اونچی چھلانگ[/blue] لگا سکتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Do You Know?&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why is there NO weightlessness on the Moon?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چاند پر ویٹ لیس نیس (weightlessness) کیوں نہیں ہوتی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because gravity on moon is zero&quot;, &quot;Because gravity on moon is not zero&quot;, &quot;Because moon has atmosphere&quot;, &quot;Because moon has water&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because gravity on moon is not zero[/red] is correct because the Moon has mass and a non-zero gravitational pull [blue](g ≈ 1.6 N/kg)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ چاند پر گریویٹی زیرو نہیں ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چاند پر جسمانی وزن کم ہوتا ہے لیکن [blue]گریویٹی مکمل طور پر ختم (زیرو) نہیں ہوتی[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Where will gravity be zero?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;متن کے مطابق گریویٹی کہاں پر زیرو (zero) ہوگی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;On Earth&#39;s surface&quot;, &quot;On Moon&#39;s surface&quot;, &quot;In space, far from massive objects&quot;, &quot;On Sun&#39;s surface&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]In space, far from massive objects[/red] is correct because true zero-gravity conditions occur in [blue]deep space far away from massive celestial objects[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]خلا میں، بڑے مادی اجسام سے بہت دور[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کسی بھی بڑے سیارے یا ستارے سے دور گہرے خلا میں [blue]گریویٹی صفر ہوتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Tides And Gravitational Pull Of Moon&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the rise and fall of water level in the oceans, rivers, and lakes called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سمندروں، ندیوں اور جھیلوں میں پانی کی سطح کے چڑھاؤ اور اتراؤ (rise and fall) کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Tides&quot;, &quot;Waves&quot;, &quot;Current&quot;, &quot;Evaporation&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Tides[/red] is correct because the cyclical rise and fall of coastal ocean water levels is defined as [blue]tides (ocean tides)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹائڈز یعنی مدوجزر (Tides)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سمندر کے پانی کی سطح میں باقاعدہ اتار چڑھاؤ کو [blue]ٹائڈز یا مدوجزر[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is it called when the sea level rises to its maximum level?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب سمندر کے پانی کی سطح اپنی زیادہ سے زیادہ اونچائی (maximum level) تک بڑھ جاتی ہے تو اسے کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Low tides&quot;, &quot;High tides&quot;, &quot;Tsunami&quot;, &quot;Drought&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]High tides[/red] is correct because when water reaches its highest crest elevation, it is a [blue]high tide[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہائی ٹائڈز یعنی مد (High tides)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پانی کی سطح جب اپنی انتہائی بلندی پر پہنچتی ہے تو اسے [blue]ہائی ٹائڈ[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is it known as when the water level falls to its lowest point?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب پانی کی سطح اپنے سب سے نچلے پوائنٹ (lowest point) تک گر جاتی ہے تو اسے کیا کہا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;High tide&quot;, &quot;Low tide&quot;, &quot;Thermal expansion&quot;, &quot;Flood&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Low tide[/red] is correct because the minimum retreating water stage is called a [blue]low tide[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لو ٹائڈ یعنی جزر (Low tide)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پانی کی سطح گر کر جب سب سے نیچے چلی جائے تو اسے [blue]لو ٹائڈ[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the causes of tides on the ocean?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سمندر میں ٹائڈز (tides) کی وجوہات کیا ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Gravitational pull of moon and earth, spinning of earth&quot;, &quot;Temperature change only&quot;, &quot;Wind direction only&quot;, &quot;Rainfall only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Gravitational pull of moon and earth, spinning of earth[/red] is correct because tides are driven by [blue]lunar/solar gravitational gradients and Earth&#39;s daily rotation[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]چاند اور زمین کی کشش اور زمین کی محوری گردش[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ [blue]چاند کی گریویٹی اور زمین کی گھومنے کی حرکت[/blue] ٹائڈز پیدا کرتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does the Moon&#39;s gravitational field attract on Earth?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چاند کا گریویٹیشنل فیلڈ زمین پر کن چیزوں کو کشش کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Clouds only&quot;, &quot;Oceans, land, structures, and people&quot;, &quot;Oceans only&quot;, &quot;Mountains only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Oceans, land, structures, and people[/red] is correct because gravity affects all matter universally, pulling [blue]oceans, landmasses, buildings, and living beings[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سمندر، زمین، عمارتوں اور لوگوں سب کو[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چاند کی گریویٹی زمین پر موجود [blue]ہر مادی چیز کو کشش کرتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The gravitational attraction of the Moon has a major impact on what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چاند کی گریویٹیشنل کشش کا سب سے بڑا اثر کس پر ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Rocks on mountains&quot;, &quot;Underground mines&quot;, &quot;Ocean water&quot;, &quot;Forest trees&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Ocean water[/red] is correct because fluid liquid water bulges easily in response to tidal forces, making the [blue]impact on ocean water most evident[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سمندر کے پانی پر (Ocean water)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مائع ہونے کے ناطے [blue]سمندری پانی چاند کی کشش سے سب سے زیادہ ابھرتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is produced on the Earth&#39;s side closest to the Moon when oceans are drawn toward the Moon&#39;s gravity?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چاند کے قریب ترین زمین والے رخ پر کیا پیدا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Low tide&quot;, &quot;High tide on Earth&#39;s side closest to the Moon&quot;, &quot;Tsunami&quot;, &quot;Complete drought&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]High tide on Earth&#39;s side closest to the Moon[/red] is correct because differential gravity pulls the oceans into a [blue]prominent high tide bulge facing the Moon[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]چاند کے قریب والے رخ پر ہائی ٹائڈ[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چاند کی سیدھ والے حصے میں سمندری پانی ابھر کر [blue]ہائی ٹائڈ بناتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why do high tides occur on the far end of the Earth?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین کے مخالف یا دور والے حصے پر ہائی ٹائڈز کس کی وجہ سے بنتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Strong moon gravity on far end&quot;, &quot;High temperatures&quot;, &quot;Wind pressure&quot;, &quot;Flow of water against weak gravitational pull because of inertia&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Flow of water against weak gravitational pull because of inertia[/red] is correct because rotational centrifugal effect and [blue]inertia create a second high tide bulge on the opposite side[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]انارشیا کی وجہ سے کمزور کشش کے خلاف پانی کے بہاؤ سے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زمین کے مخالف رخ پر [blue]انارشیا کی وجہ سے پانی کا دوسرا ابھار بنتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What can cover the whole area of the beach making tides dangerous?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کون سی ٹائڈز ساحل کے پورے علاقے کو ڈھانپ سکتی ہیں جس سے وہ خطرناک ثابت ہوتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Low tides&quot;, &quot;High tides&quot;, &quot;Micro waves&quot;, &quot;Droughts&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]High tides[/red] is correct because surging water during a [blue]high tide can rapidly submerge beaches[/blue] and cut off pathways.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہائی ٹائڈز (High tides)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہائی ٹائڈ کے وقت سمندر کا پانی تیزی سے آگے بڑھ کر [blue]پورے ساحل کو ڈبو دیتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are often needed to rescue people trapped on the beach by high tides?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہائی ٹائڈز کی وجہ سے ساحل پر پھنسے لوگوں کو بچانے کے لیے اکثر کس کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Lifeboats&quot;, &quot;Airplanes&quot;, &quot;Submarines&quot;, &quot;Trains&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Lifeboats[/red] is correct because coastal rescue teams deploy [blue]lifeboats to extract people trapped by incoming tides[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لائف بوٹس (Lifeboats)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اچانک پانی بڑھنے پر پھنسے ہوئے لوگوں کو نکالنے کے لیے [blue]امدادی کشتیوں (lifeboats)[/blue] کی ضرورت پڑتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Revolution Of Earth Around Sun&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What two motions does Earth perform simultaneously?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین کون سی دو حرکات ایک ساتھ انجام دیتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Spins around its tilted axis and revolves around Sun&quot;, &quot;Moves in straight line only&quot;, &quot;Rotates around Moon only&quot;, &quot;Stays completely static&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Spins around its tilted axis and revolves around Sun[/red] is correct because Earth performs [blue]daily axial rotation and an annual orbital revolution[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اپنے ترچھے محور پر گھومتی ہے اور سورج کے گرد گردش کرتی ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زمین [blue]محوری گردش اور مداروی گردش[/blue] دونوں ایک ساتھ کرتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does the spinning west to east motion of Earth cause?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین کی مغرب سے مشرق (west to east) کی طرف محوری گردش کا کیا نتیجہ نکلتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Change in seasons&quot;, &quot;Involves day and night&quot;, &quot;Ocean tides only&quot;, &quot;Solar eclipse only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Involves day and night[/red] is correct because the 24-hour diurnal rotation alternately exposes sides to sunlight, [blue]causing day and night[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]دن اور رات کا بننا (Day and night)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زمین کے مغرب سے مشرق گھومنے کے عمل سے [blue]دن اور رات کا نظام[/blue] چلتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does the revolution of Earth around the Sun cause?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین کی سورج کے گرد سالانہ گردش (revolution) کا کیا نتیجہ نکلتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Involves change in seasons&quot;, &quot;Involves day and night&quot;, &quot;Moon eclipse&quot;, &quot;Wind stopping&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Involves change in seasons[/red] is correct because orbital revolution combined with axial tilt produces the [blue]annual cycle of changing seasons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]موسموں کی تبدیلی (Change in seasons)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سورج کے گرد زمین کی گردش سے [blue]سال بھر موسم تبدیل ہوتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the two poles of the Earth called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین کے دو پولز (poles) کون سے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;East Pole and West Pole&quot;, &quot;North Pole and South Pole&quot;, &quot;Equator and Axis&quot;, &quot;Upper Pole and Lower Pole&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]North Pole and South Pole[/red] is correct because Earth&#39;s geographical rotational axis terminates at the [blue]North Pole and South Pole[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نارتھ پول اور ساؤتھ پول (North and South Pole)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زمین کے دو قطبین [blue]شمالی قطب اور جنوبی قطب[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the imaginary line around the middle of a planet halfway between the poles (at 0 degree latitude) called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین کے وسط میں 0 ڈگری پر واقع فرضی لکیر کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Axis&quot;, &quot;Equator&quot;, &quot;North Pole&quot;, &quot;Orbital plane&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Equator[/red] is correct because the great circle around Earth equidistant from the poles at 0° latitude is the [blue]Equator[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایکویٹر یعنی خطِ استوا (Equator)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 0 ڈگری پر واقع زمین کے درمیان کی فرضی لکیر [blue]ایکویٹر[/blue] کہلاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the value of the tilt of Earth&#39;s axis relative to the perpendicular to the orbit plane?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین کے محور کا جھکاؤ یا ترچھا پن (tilt of Earth&#39;s axis) کتنے ڈگری ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;23.5°&quot;, &quot;90°&quot;, &quot;0°&quot;, &quot;180°&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]23.5°[/red] is correct because Earth&#39;s axial tilt (obliquity) is fixed at [blue]approximately 23.5 degrees[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]23.5°[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زمین کے محور کا اپنے اربٹل پلین سے جھکاؤ [blue]23.5 ڈگری[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the line around which the Earth spins called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ لکیر جس کے گرد زمین محوری گردش کرتی ہے کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Equator&quot;, &quot;Orbit&quot;, &quot;Axis&quot;, &quot;Latitude&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Axis[/red] is correct because the imaginary line passing from the North to South pole around which Earth rotates is the [blue]axis[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایکسس یعنی محور (Axis)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جس فرضی لکیر کے گرد زمین گھومتی ہے اسے [blue]ایکسس (محور)[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is defined as the angle between the direction of the north pole and the perpendicular to the orbital plane?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نارتھ پول کی سمت اور اربٹل پلین کے پرپینڈیکولر کے درمیانی زاویے کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Latitude&quot;, &quot;Equator&quot;, &quot;Gravity&quot;, &quot;Axial tilt&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Axial tilt[/red] is correct because the angle between the rotational axis and orbital normal is defined as [blue]axial tilt (obliquity)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایکسیئل ٹلٹ (Axial tilt)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نارتھ پول اور اربٹل پلین کے پرپینڈیکولر کے درمیانی زاویے کو [blue]ایکسیئل ٹلٹ[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Seasons On Earth&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What causes the seasons on Earth?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین پر موسموں (seasons) کے بدلنے کا اصل سبب کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Earth&#39;s tilted axis&quot;, &quot;Distance from moon&quot;, &quot;Speed of wind&quot;, &quot;Ocean tides&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Earth&#39;s tilted axis[/red] is correct because the 23.5° tilt causes hemispheres to receive [blue]varying angles of sunlight as Earth orbits the Sun[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زمین کا ترچھا محور (Earth&#39;s tilted axis)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ محور کے ترچھے پن کی وجہ سے سورج کی روشنی کا زاویہ بدلتا ہے جس سے [blue]موسم تبدیل ہوتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What do some people think about Earth&#39;s position relative to the Sun during summer and winter?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;بعض لوگ موسم گرما اور سرما کے دوران زمین کی پوزیشن کے بارے میں کیا سوچتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Farthest in summer&quot;, &quot;Same distance always&quot;, &quot;Nearest in summer and farthest in winter&quot;, &quot;Nearest in winter always&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Nearest in summer and farthest in winter[/red] is correct because a common misconception assumes summer is caused by [blue]physical proximity to the Sun[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گرمیوں میں نزدیک اور سردیوں میں دور[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بعض لوگ غلط طور پر یہ سمجھتے ہیں کہ [blue]گرمیوں میں زمین سورج کے قریب[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How does the distance of Earth from the Sun affect the temperature on Earth?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سورج سے زمین کا فاصلہ زمین کے ٹمپریچر پر کس حد تک اثر انداز ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Affects temperature significantly&quot;, &quot;Affects temperature but not significant&quot;, &quot;Has no effect at all&quot;, &quot;Causes day and night&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Affects temperature but not significant[/red] is correct because minor orbital ellipticity has [blue]negligible temperature impact compared to axial tilt[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اثر ڈالتا ہے لیکن زیادہ اہم نہیں (Not significant)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فاصلے کے معمولی فرق کے مقابلے میں [blue]محور کا جھکاؤ اصل وجہ ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In the electric heater example, why does temperature feel different when you turn away, even though distance is unchanged?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;الیکٹرک ہیٹر کی مثال میں فاصلہ تبدیل نہ ہونے کے باوجود رخ موڑنے پر ٹمپریچر مختلف کیوں محسوس ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Due to distance change&quot;, &quot;Due to gravity&quot;, &quot;Due to air speed&quot;, &quot;Due to orientation/facing direction&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Due to orientation/facing direction[/red] is correct because changing orientation alters the angle of incident radiation, demonstrating how [blue]Earth&#39;s axial tilt alters solar intensity[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]رخ یا سمت تبدیل ہونے کی وجہ سے (Facing direction)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سامنے یا پیچھے رخ ہونے سے [blue]حرارت کے جذب ہونے کا زاویہ بدلتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What season occurs for a part of Earth when the axis of the Earth is tilted towards the Sun?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب زمین کا محور سورج کی طرف (towards the sun) ہوتا ہے تو زمین کے اس حصے پر کون سا موسم ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Winter season&quot;, &quot;Summer season&quot;, &quot;Autumn season&quot;, &quot;Spring season&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Summer season[/red] is correct because tilting towards the Sun brings direct, concentrated rays and longer days, producing [blue]summer[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]موسمِ گرما (Summer season)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زمین کا جو حصہ سورج کی طرف جھکا ہوتا ہے وہاں [blue]براہِ راست دھوپ کی وجہ سے گرمیاں[/blue] ہوتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What season occurs for a part of Earth when the axis of the Earth is away from the Sun?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب زمین کا محور سورج سے دور (away from the sun) ہوتا ہے تو زمین کے اس حصے پر کون سا موسم ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Summer season&quot;, &quot;Spring season&quot;, &quot;Winter season&quot;, &quot;Monsoon&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Winter season[/red] is correct because tilting away from the Sun receives slanted rays and shorter days, resulting in [blue]winter[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]موسمِ سرما (Winter season)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سورج سے پرے جھکے ہونے کی وجہ سے شعاعیں ترچھی پڑتی ہیں اور [blue]سردیاں واقع ہوتی ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What seasons occur in between summer and winter times?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;موسمِ گرما اور سرما کے درمیانی دورانیے میں کون سے موسم ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Spring and autumn&quot;, &quot;Summer only&quot;, &quot;Winter only&quot;, &quot;High tides&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Spring and autumn[/red] is correct because the transitional equinox periods between summer and winter are [blue]spring and autumn (fall)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]بہار اور خزاں (Spring and autumn)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ موسم گرما اور سرما کے درمیانی وقفے میں [blue]بہار اور خزاں[/blue] کے موسم آتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Constellation&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a group of stars that appears to form a pattern or picture called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ستاروں کا ایسا گروہ جو آسمان پر کوئی پیٹرن یا تصویر بناتا نظر آئے کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Planet&quot;, &quot;Constellation&quot;, &quot;Galaxy&quot;, &quot;Orbit&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Constellation[/red] is correct because an imaginary pattern or recognizable shape formed by a cluster of stars is a [blue]constellation[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کنسٹلیشن یعنی جھرمٹ (Constellation)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آسمان پر ستاروں کے کسی خاص پیٹرن یا شکل بنانے والے گروہ کو [blue]کنسٹلیشن[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is an example of a constellation?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کنسٹلیشن کی مثال کون سی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Orion the Great Hunter&quot;, &quot;Leo the Lion&quot;, &quot;Taurus the Bull&quot;, &quot;All of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All of the above[/red] is correct because Orion, Leo, and Taurus are all [blue]internationally recognized stellar constellations[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ تمام (All of the above)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ [blue]اورین، لیو اور ٹارس[/blue] تمام آسمانی جھرمٹوں (constellations) کی مشہور مثالیں ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How do easily recognizable constellation patterns help people using the night sky?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;آسمان پر کنسٹلیشنز پیٹرنز رات کے وقت لوگوں کی کس میں مدد کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Locate or position themselves&quot;, &quot;Predict earthquakes&quot;, &quot;Stop rainstorms&quot;, &quot;Measure air temperature&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Locate or position themselves[/red] is correct because navigators historically used fixed constellations to [blue]orient directions and determine geographic positions[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اپنا مقام اور سمت معلوم کرنے میں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ رات کے وقت مسافر ستاروں کے جھرمٹ دیکھ کر [blue]سمت اور راستے کا تعین کرتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What causes constellations to shift gradually to the west if observed through the year?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سال بھر مشاہدہ کرنے پر کنسٹلیشنز کا مغرب کی طرف منتقل (shift to the west) ہونا کس کی وجہ سے ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Moon&#39;s rotation&quot;, &quot;Wind speed&quot;, &quot;Motion of Earth around our Sun&quot;, &quot;Ocean tides&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Motion of Earth around our Sun[/red] is correct because Earth&#39;s annual orbital motion continuously alters our [blue]nighttime view of the celestial sphere[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سورج کے گرد زمین کی سالانہ گردش کی وجہ سے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ [blue]سورج کے گرد مداروی حرکت[/blue] سے آسمان پر جھرمٹ مغرب کی طرف کھسکتے نظر آتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In summer compared to winter, what direction in space at night are viewers looking in?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گرمیوں میں سردیوں کے مقابلے رات کو لوگ خلا میں کس سمت دیکھ رہے ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Same direction&quot;, &quot;Different direction in space&quot;, &quot;Downward toward Earth&quot;, &quot;Towards the Moon only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Different direction in space[/red] is correct because Earth is on the opposite side of its orbit, facing our night sky in a [blue]completely different direction in space[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]خلا کی ایک مختلف سمت میں (Different direction)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مدار کے دوسرے سرے پر ہونے سے ہم [blue]خلا کی مختلف سمت کا مشاہدہ[/blue] کر رہے ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why do constellations appear at different positions in different months of the year?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سال کے مختلف مہینوں میں کنسٹلیشنز مختلف پوزیشنز پر کیوں نظر آتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Due to axial tilt of the earth&quot;, &quot;Due to moon&#39;s gravity&quot;, &quot;Due to cloud cover&quot;, &quot;Due to sea breeze&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Due to axial tilt of the earth[/red] is correct because axial tilt combined with revolution continuously changes the [blue]visible elevation and position of star groups[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زمین کے ترچھے محور اور گردش کی وجہ سے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ [blue]زمین کے جھکاؤ اور مداروی حرکت[/blue] سے ستاروں کے جھرمٹ مختلف جگہ نظر آتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Earth&#39;s Seasons&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the two main hemispheres of the Earth?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین کے دو اہم ہیمسفیئرز (hemispheres) کون سے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Northern hemispheres and southern hemispheres&quot;, &quot;Eastern and Western only&quot;, &quot;North Pole and Equator&quot;, &quot;Upper and Lower halves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Northern hemispheres and southern hemispheres[/red] is correct because the Equator divides Earth into the [blue]Northern and Southern Hemispheres[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نادرن اور ساؤدرن ہیمسفیئرز (Northern and Southern)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ خط استوا زمین کو [blue]شمالی اور جنوبی نصف کروں[/blue] میں تقسیم کرتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why do different parts of the Earth receive maximum direct Sun rays at different times?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین کے مختلف حصے مختلف اوقات میں براہ راست سورج کی شعاعیں (direct Sun rays) کیوں حاصل کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Due to distance from moon&quot;, &quot;Due to ocean tides&quot;, &quot;Due to tilt of the earth&quot;, &quot;Due to wind direction&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Due to tilt of the earth[/red] is correct because the 23.5° axial tilt shifts which hemisphere is directly [blue]angled toward the Sun during its orbit[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زمین کے ترچھے جھکاؤ کی وجہ سے (Due to tilt of earth)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ [blue]محور کے ترچھے پن[/blue] کی بدولت سورج کی سیدھی کرنیں مختلف حصوں پر پڑتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When the tilted axis of the Earth is towards the Sun, what seasons occur in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب زمین کا ترچھا محور سورج کی طرف ہو تو نادرن اور ساؤدرن ہیمسفیئرز میں کون سے موسم ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Summer in Northern, winter in Southern&quot;, &quot;Winter in Northern, summer in Southern&quot;, &quot;Summer in both hemispheres&quot;, &quot;Winter in both hemispheres&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Summer in Northern, winter in Southern[/red] is correct because the tilted North hemisphere enjoys summer while the angled-away South hemisphere [blue]experiences winter[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نادرن میں گرما اور ساؤدرن میں سرما[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ شمالی نصف پر گرمیاں اور مخالف جنوبی نصف پر [blue]موسمِ سرما ہوتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What seasons occur when the South Pole tilts toward the Sun?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب ساؤتھ پول سورج کی طرف جھکتا ہے تو دونوں ہیمسفیئرز میں کون سے موسم ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Summer in Northern, winter in Southern&quot;, &quot;Spring in both&quot;, &quot;Autumn in both&quot;, &quot;Summer in Southern, winter in Northern&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Summer in Southern, winter in Northern[/red] is correct because direct sunlight falls on the South, bringing [blue]summer to Southern and winter to Northern Hemisphere[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ساؤدرن میں گرما اور نادرن میں سرما[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ساؤتھ پول سورج کی طرف ہونے پر [blue]جنوبی نصف میں گرمیاں اور شمالی نصف میں سردیاں[/blue] ہوتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When it is winter in Pakistan (Northern Hemisphere), what season is it in Australia (Southern Hemisphere)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب پاکستان (نادرن ہیمسفیئر) میں سردیاں ہوتی ہیں تو آسٹریلیا (ساؤدرن ہیمسفیئر) میں کون سا موسم ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Winter&quot;, &quot;Summer in Australia&quot;, &quot;Spring&quot;, &quot;Autumn&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Summer in Australia[/red] is correct because opposite hemispheres experience opposite seasons, so [blue]Pakistan&#39;s winter is Australia&#39;s summer[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]آسٹریلیا میں گرما (Summer in Australia)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دونوں نصف کروں میں مخالف موسم ہوتے ہیں، لہذا پاکستان کے سرما کے وقت [blue]آسٹریلیا میں گرمیاں ہوتی ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What season occurs in between summer and winter in the Northern Hemisphere?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نادرن ہیمسفیئر میں گرما اور سرما کے درمیانی وقت میں کون سا موسم ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Fall or autumn&quot;, &quot;Summer&quot;, &quot;Winter&quot;, &quot;Tsunami&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Fall or autumn[/red] is correct because following summer, temperatures decline during the transitional season of [blue]fall or autumn[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]خزاں (Fall or autumn)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گرمیوں اور سردیوں کے درمیانی عرصے میں [blue]خزاں کا موسم[/blue] آتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What event occurs on 21 June as shown in the Earth&#39;s orbit diagram?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ڈایاگرام کے مطابق 21 جون کو کون سا موقع ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Summer Solstice (Summer in North Hemisphere, No Sunlight on South Pole)&quot;, &quot;Winter Solstice&quot;, &quot;Vernal Equinox&quot;, &quot;Autumnal Equinox&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Summer Solstice (Summer in North Hemisphere, No Sunlight on South Pole)[/red] is correct because 21 June marks the [blue]Northern Summer Solstice[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سمر سولسٹس (Summer Solstice)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 21 جون کو شمالی نصف میں گرمیاں اور [blue]ساؤتھ پول پر مکمل اندھیرا (سمر سولسٹس)[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What event occurs on 23 September according to the diagram?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ڈایاگرام کے مطابق 23 ستمبر کو کون سا موقع ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Summer Solstice&quot;, &quot;Vernal Equinox&quot;, &quot;Autumnal Equinox (Fall Northern Hemisphere)&quot;, &quot;Winter Solstice&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Autumnal Equinox (Fall Northern Hemisphere)[/red] is correct because 23 September is the [blue]Autumnal Equinox[/blue] when day and night are equal.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]آٹمنل ایکوینوکس (Autumnal Equinox)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 23 ستمبر کو شمالی نصف میں [blue]خزاں کا اعتدال (Autumnal Equinox)[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What event occurs on 22 December during the Winter Solstice?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;22 دسمبر کو ونٹر سولسٹس (Winter Solstice) کے موقع پر کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Summer in North Hemisphere&quot;, &quot;Vernal Equinox&quot;, &quot;No Sunlight on South pole&quot;, &quot;No Sunlight on North pole and Summer in South Hemisphere&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]No Sunlight on North pole and Summer in South Hemisphere[/red] is correct because 22 December is the [blue]Winter Solstice in the North and Summer Solstice in the South[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نارتھ پول پر اندھیرا اور ساؤدرن میں گرما[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 22 دسمبر کو [blue]شمالی قطب پر سورج نہیں چمکتا اور جنوبی نصف میں گرمیاں[/blue] ہوتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What event occurs on 21 March according to the diagram?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ڈایاگرام کے مطابق 21 مارچ کو کون سا موقع ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Summer Solstice&quot;, &quot;Vernal Equinox (Spring Northern Hemisphere)&quot;, &quot;Winter Solstice&quot;, &quot;Autumnal Equinox&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Vernal Equinox (Spring Northern Hemisphere)[/red] is correct because 21 March marks the [blue]Vernal (Spring) Equinox in the Northern Hemisphere[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ورنل ایکوینوکس (Vernal Equinox)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 21 مارچ کو شمالی نصف میں [blue]بہار کا اعتدال (ورنل ایکوینوکس)[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How is Earth&#39;s spin axis positioned relative to the orbital plane?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین کا محوری گردش والا ایکسس (spin axis) اربٹل پلین کے لحاظ سے کیسا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Completely vertical&quot;, &quot;Tilted relative to the orbital plane&quot;, &quot;Parallel to orbit&quot;, &quot;Horizontal&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Tilted relative to the orbital plane[/red] is correct because Earth&#39;s axis maintains a permanent [blue]23.5° tilt relative to the perpendicular orbital plane[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اربٹل پلین کے لحاظ سے ترچھا (Tilted)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زمین کا محوری ایکسس مدار کے لحاظ سے [blue]23.5 ڈگری ترچھا[/blue] رہتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Key Points&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What force is forcing planets to move in their orbits?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سیاروں کو مداروں (orbits) میں حرکت کرنے پر کون سی فورس مجبور کرتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Gravity&quot;, &quot;Air pressure&quot;, &quot;Friction&quot;, &quot;Magnetism&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Gravity[/red] is correct because the mutual [blue]gravitational attraction between the Sun and planets[/blue] keeps planets locked in their orbits.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گریویٹی (Gravity)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سورج کی [blue]کششِ ثقل (گریویٹی)[/blue] سیاروں کو مدار میں گھماتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the quantity of matter in a body called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی جسم میں مادہ کی مقدار (quantity of matter) کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Weight&quot;, &quot;Mass&quot;, &quot;Gravity&quot;, &quot;Pressure&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Mass[/red] is correct because the measurement of the [blue]amount of matter contained in a body is its mass[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ماس (Mass)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کسی جسم میں موجود مادہ کی مقدار کو اس کا [blue]ماس[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the force with which Earth attracts anything towards its center called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ فورس جس کے ساتھ زمین کسی شے کو اپنے مرکز کی طرف کھینچتی ہے کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mass&quot;, &quot;Inertia&quot;, &quot;Weight of the body on earth&quot;, &quot;Friction&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Weight of the body on earth[/red] is correct because [blue]weight is the force exerted by Earth&#39;s gravity[/blue] pulling an object towards its core.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]جسم کا ویٹ (Weight)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زمین کی طرف سے لگنے والی کشش کو [blue]ویٹ (وزن)[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the gravitational force acting on a body of mass 1kg called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;1kg ماس والے جسم پر لگنے والی گریویٹیشنل فورس کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Weightlessness&quot;, &quot;Mass&quot;, &quot;Volume&quot;, &quot;Gravitational field strength (g)&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Gravitational field strength (g)[/red] is correct because gravitational force per unit mass (F/m) defines [blue]gravitational field strength (g)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گریویٹیشنل فیلڈ اسٹرینتھ یعنی g[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 1 کلوگرام ماس پر لگنے والی گریویٹیشنل فورس کو [blue]گریویٹیشنل فیلڈ اسٹرینتھ (g)[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the rise and fall of water level in oceans, rivers, and lakes called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سمندروں، ندیوں اور جھیلوں میں پانی کی سطح کے چڑھاؤ اور اتراؤ کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Tides&quot;, &quot;Waves&quot;, &quot;Currents&quot;, &quot;Rain&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Tides[/red] is correct because the regular periodic rise and fall of coastal water levels are known as [blue]tides[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹائڈز (Tides)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پانی کی سطح میں ہونے والے باقاعدہ چڑھاؤ اور اتراؤ کو [blue]ٹائڈز[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a group of stars that appears to form a pattern or picture called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ستاروں کا ایسا گروہ جو آسمان پر کوئی پیٹرن یا تصویر بناتا نظر آئے کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Galaxy&quot;, &quot;Constellation&quot;, &quot;Planet&quot;, &quot;Orbit&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Constellation[/red] is correct because a recognizable geometric stellar pattern observed in the night sky is a [blue]constellation[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کنسٹلیشن (Constellation)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ستاروں کا پیٹرن بنانے والا گروہ [blue]کنسٹلیشن (جھرمٹ)[/blue] کہلاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How is the Earth positioned relative to the perpendicular of the orbital plane?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین اپنے اربٹل پلین کے پرپینڈیکولر سے کیسی پوزیشن پر ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Tilted at some angle&quot;, &quot;Completely vertical&quot;, &quot;Horizontal&quot;, &quot;Changing constantly&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Tilted at some angle[/red] is correct because Earth&#39;s axis is inclined [blue]at an angle of 23.5°[/blue] from the orbital perpendicular.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کچھ زاویے پر ترچھی (Tilted at some angle)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زمین کا محور پرپینڈیکولر سے [blue]23.5 ڈگری کے زاویے پر ترچھا[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the two main hemispheres of the Earth?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین کے دو اہم ہیمسفیئرز (hemispheres) کون سے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Eastern and Western&quot;, &quot;North Pole and Equator&quot;, &quot;Northern and southern hemispheres&quot;, &quot;Upper and Lower&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Northern and southern hemispheres[/red] is correct because the planet is bisected by the Equator into the [blue]northern and southern hemispheres[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نادرن اور ساؤدرن ہیمسفیئرز[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زمین کے دو بنیادی نصف کرے [blue]شمالی اور جنوبی ہیمسفیئرز[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, what season will it be in the Southern Hemisphere?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب نادرن ہیمسفیئر میں گرمیاں ہوتی ہیں تو ساؤدرن ہیمسفیئر میں کون سا موسم ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Summer&quot;, &quot;Winter in Southern Hemisphere&quot;, &quot;Spring&quot;, &quot;Autumn&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Winter in Southern Hemisphere[/red] is correct because opposite hemispheres experience [blue]inverted seasonal cycles due to axial tilt[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ساؤدرن ہیمسفیئر میں سردیاں (Winter)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ شمالی نصف میں گرمیوں کے وقت جنوبی نصف پر [blue]موسمِ سرما ہوتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
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  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Exercise&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the SI unit of weight?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ویٹ (weight) کا SI یونٹ کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Newton&quot;, &quot;Kilogram&quot;, &quot;Meter per second&quot;, &quot;Pascal&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Newton[/red] is correct because weight is a force, making its official SI unit the [blue]newton (N)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نیوٹن (Newton)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ویٹ ایک فورس ہے اور اس کا ایس آئی یونٹ [blue]نیوٹن[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If a 20 kg mass is lifted from Earth to the Moon, what is its mass on the Moon?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر 20 kg ماس کو زمین سے چاند پر لے جایا جائے تو چاند پر اس کا ماس کتنا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;20 kg&quot;, &quot;2 kg&quot;, &quot;4 kg&quot;, &quot;3.2 kg&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]20 kg[/red] is correct because mass measures the invariant quantity of matter and [blue]remains exactly 20 kg on the Moon[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]20 kg[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ماس جگہ کی تبدیلی سے تبدیل نہیں ہوتا اس لیے چاند پر بھی [blue]20 kg ہی رہے گا[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If the value of g on a planet is 25 N/kg, what is the weight of a 2 kg body on it?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر کسی سیارے پر g کی قیمت 25 N/kg ہو تو اس پر 2 kg ماس کے جسم کا ویٹ کتنا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;25 N&quot;, &quot;50 N&quot;, &quot;75 N&quot;, &quot;150 N&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]50 N[/red] is correct because W = m × g = 2 kg × 25 N/kg = [blue]50 N[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]50 N[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ W = mg کے فارمولے سے [blue]2 kg × 25 N/kg = 50 N[/blue] نکلتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If it is spring in the Southern Hemisphere of Earth, which season is in the Northern Hemisphere?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر زمین کے ساؤدرن ہیمسفیئر میں موسمِ بہار (spring) ہو تو نادرن ہیمسفیئر میں کون سا موسم ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Summer&quot;, &quot;Winter&quot;, &quot;Spring&quot;, &quot;Autumn&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Autumn[/red] is correct because when one hemisphere experiences spring equinox conditions, the opposite hemisphere [blue]experiences autumn (fall)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]خزاں (Autumn)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جب ساؤدرن ہیمسفیئر میں بہار ہو تو نادرن ہیمسفیئر میں [blue]خزاں کا موسم[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is involved in producing tides in the ocean?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کون سا عمل سمندر میں ٹائڈز (tides) پیدا کرنے میں شامل ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Gravitational pull of moon on earth&quot;, &quot;Gravitational pull of sun on Earth&quot;, &quot;Rotation of earth&quot;, &quot;All of these&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All of these[/red] is correct because lunar gravity, solar gravity, and planetary rotation [blue]collectively drive ocean tides[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ تمام (All of these)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چاند اور سورج کی گریویٹی اور [blue]زمین کی محوری گردش یہ سب مل کر ٹائڈز بناتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  }
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                            copyLinkBtn.classList.add(&#39;copied&#39;);
                            setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                                copyLinkBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.link}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Copy Link&lt;/span&gt;`;
                                copyLinkBtn.classList.remove(&#39;copied&#39;);
                            }, 2000);
                        });
                    };
                    shareButtons.appendChild(copyLinkBtn);
                    
                    questionElement.appendChild(shareButtons);
                }

                const explanationBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                explanationBtn.className = &#39;explanation-btn&#39;;
                explanationBtn.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                    e.stopPropagation();
                    toggleExplanation(i);
                };
                explanationBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&lt;span&gt;اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں&lt;/span&gt;&#39;;
                
                // START: *** NEW LAYOUT LOGIC ***
                // Create a container for the action buttons
                const actionsContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                actionsContainer.className = &#39;question-actions&#39;;

                // Add the explanation button to the container
                actionsContainer.appendChild(explanationBtn);

                // Add the MODERN comment icon to the container
                if (q.questionLink) {
                    const commentLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    commentLink.href = q.questionLink;
                    commentLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    commentLink.className = &#39;modern-comment-link&#39;;
                    const commentSVG = `&lt;svg viewBox=&quot;0 0 24 24&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M21.99 4c0-1.1-.89-2-1.99-2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14l4 4-.01-18zM18 14H6v-2h12v2zm0-3H6V9h12v2zm0-3H6V6h12v2z&quot;/&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;`;
                    commentLink.innerHTML = `&lt;span class=&quot;comment-count&quot;&gt;(Comments)&lt;/span&gt; ${commentSVG}`;
                    actionsContainer.appendChild(commentLink);
                }

                // Add the actions container to the main question element
                questionElement.appendChild(actionsContainer);
                // END: *** NEW LAYOUT LOGIC ***


                const explanationDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationDiv.className = &#39;explanation&#39;;
                explanationDiv.id = `explanation-${i}`;
                
                const translateBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                translateBtn.className = &#39;translate-btn&#39;;
                translateBtn.innerHTML = &#39;Translate in Urdu&#39;;
                translateBtn.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                    e.stopPropagation();
                    toggleExplanationTranslation(i);
                };
                explanationDiv.appendChild(translateBtn);
                
                const explanationText = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationText.innerHTML = parseHighlightedText(q.explanation.replace(/\n/g, &#39;&lt;br&gt;&#39;));
                explanationDiv.appendChild(explanationText);
                
                const explanationUrduDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationUrduDiv.className = &#39;explanation-urdu&#39;;
                explanationUrduDiv.innerHTML = parseHighlightedText(q.explanationUrdu.replace(/\n/g, &#39;&lt;br&gt;&#39;));
                explanationDiv.appendChild(explanationUrduDiv);
                
                if (q.explanationImage) {
                    const imgContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    imgContainer.style.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                    const imgLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    imgLink.href = q.explanationImageLink || &#39;#&#39;;
                    imgLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    const img = document.createElement(&#39;img&#39;);
                    img.src = q.explanationImage;
                    img.alt = q.explanationImageAlt || &#39;Explanation Image&#39;;
                    img.className = &#39;explanation-image&#39;;
                    imgLink.appendChild(img);
                    imgContainer.appendChild(imgLink);
                    if (q.explanationImageCaption) {
                        const caption = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        caption.className = &#39;question-image-caption&#39;;
                        caption.textContent = q.explanationImageCaption;
                        imgContainer.appendChild(caption);
                    }
                    explanationDiv.appendChild(imgContainer);
                }
                
                questionElement.appendChild(explanationDiv);

                quizContainer.appendChild(questionElement);

                // Har 3 sawalat ke baad ad daalne ka logic
                if ((i + 1) % 3 === 0 &amp;&amp; i &lt; endIndex - 1) {
                    const adContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    adContainer.className = &#39;ad-container&#39;;
                    adContainer.innerHTML = `&lt;p&gt;Advertisement Space&lt;/p&gt;`;
                    quizContainer.appendChild(adContainer);
                }


                if (q.ProTips) {
                    const tipsElement = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    tipsElement.className = &#39;tips-section&#39;;
                    tipsElement.innerHTML = q.ProTips;
                    quizContainer.appendChild(tipsElement);
                }

                if (q.imageAfter) {
                    const imageContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    imageContainer.className = &#39;question-image&#39;;
                    const imageLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    imageLink.href = q.imageAfter.link;
                    imageLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    const image = document.createElement(&#39;img&#39;);
                    image.src = q.imageAfter.url;
                    image.alt = q.imageAfter.alt || &#39;Question related image&#39;;
                    imageLink.appendChild(image);
                    imageContainer.appendChild(imageLink);
                    if (q.imageAfter.caption) {
                        const caption = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        caption.className = &#39;question-image-caption&#39;;
                        caption.textContent = q.imageAfter.caption;
                        imageContainer.appendChild(caption);
                    }
                    quizContainer.appendChild(imageContainer);
                }


                if (i &lt; endIndex - 1) {
                    const isAdNext = ((i + 1) % 3 === 0 &amp;&amp; i &lt; questions.length - 1);
                    if (!isAdNext) {
                        const divider = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        divider.className = &#39;divider&#39;;
                        quizContainer.appendChild(divider);
                    }
                }
            }

            if (answersShown) {
                showAllAnswers();
            } else {
                hideAllAnswers();
            }
            
            updatePagination();
            // YEH LINE ADD KI GAYI HAI: Sawalat load hone ke baad ads ko load karein
            applyAds();
        }

        function toggleExplanationTranslation(questionIndex) {
            const explanationDiv = document.getElementById(`explanation-${questionIndex}`);
            const englishExplanation = explanationDiv.querySelector(&#39;div:not(.explanation-urdu)&#39;);
            const urduExplanation = explanationDiv.querySelector(&#39;.explanation-urdu&#39;);
            
            if (englishExplanation.style.display !== &#39;none&#39;) {
                englishExplanation.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                urduExplanation.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
            } else {
                englishExplanation.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                urduExplanation.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
            }
        }

        function speakQuestion(question) {
            if (speechSynthesis.speaking) {
                speechSynthesis.cancel();
            }
            
            const questionUtterance = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(`Question: ${question.question.replace(&#39;?&#39;, &#39;.&#39;)}`);
            questionUtterance.lang = &#39;en-US&#39;;
            questionUtterance.rate = 0.7;
            questionUtterance.pitch = 0.8;
            
            let optionsText = &#39;Options: &#39;;
            question.options.forEach((option, index) =&gt; {
                optionsText += `${String.fromCharCode(65 + index)}... ${option}. `;
            });
            const optionsUtterance = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(optionsText);
            optionsUtterance.lang = &#39;en-US&#39;;
            optionsUtterance.rate = 0.7;
            optionsUtterance.pitch = 0.8;
            
            speechSynthesis.speak(questionUtterance);
            questionUtterance.onend = function() {
                speechSynthesis.speak(optionsUtterance);
            };
        }

        function updatePagination() {
            const pagination = document.getElementById(&#39;pagination&#39;);
            pagination.innerHTML = &#39;&#39;;
            
            const totalPages = Math.ceil(questions.length / config.questionsPerPage);
            
            if (totalPages &lt;= 1) return;
            
            const firstBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            firstBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            firstBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;laquo; First&#39;;
            firstBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=1&#39;;
            };
            if (currentPage === 1) firstBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(firstBtn);
            
            const prevBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            prevBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            prevBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;lsaquo;&#39;;
            prevBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + (currentPage - 1);
            };
            if (currentPage === 1) prevBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(prevBtn);
            
            if (currentPage &gt; 2) {
                const firstPageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                firstPageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                firstPageBtn.textContent = &#39;1&#39;;
                if (1 === currentPage) firstPageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                firstPageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=1&#39;;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(firstPageBtn);
                
                if (currentPage &gt; 3) {
                    const ellipsis1 = document.createElement(&#39;span&#39;);
                    ellipsis1.className = &#39;page-ellipsis&#39;;
                    ellipsis1.textContent = &#39;...&#39;;
                    pagination.appendChild(ellipsis1);
                }
            }
            
            const startPage = Math.max(2, currentPage - 1);
            const endPage = Math.min(totalPages - 1, currentPage + 1);
            
            for (let i = startPage; i &lt;= endPage; i++) {
                const pageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                pageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                pageBtn.textContent = i;
                if (i === currentPage) pageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                pageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + i;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(pageBtn);
            }
            
            if (currentPage &lt; totalPages - 1) {
                if (currentPage &lt; totalPages - 2) {
                    const ellipsis2 = document.createElement(&#39;span&#39;);
                    ellipsis2.className = &#39;page-ellipsis&#39;;
                    ellipsis2.textContent = &#39;...&#39;;
                    pagination.appendChild(ellipsis2);
                }
                
                const lastPageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                lastPageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                lastPageBtn.textContent = totalPages;
                if (totalPages === currentPage) lastPageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                lastPageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + totalPages;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(lastPageBtn);
            }
            
            const nextBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            nextBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            nextBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;rsaquo;&#39;;
            nextBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + (currentPage + 1);
            };
            if (currentPage === totalPages) nextBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(nextBtn);
            
            const lastBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            lastBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            lastBtn.innerHTML = &#39;Last &amp;raquo;&#39;;
            lastBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + totalPages;
            };
            if (currentPage === totalPages) lastBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(lastBtn);
            
            const searchDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
            searchDiv.className = &#39;page-search&#39;;
            searchDiv.innerHTML = `
                &lt;input type=&quot;number&quot; id=&quot;pageInput&quot; min=&quot;1&quot; max=&quot;${totalPages}&quot; placeholder=&quot;Enter Page Number&quot;&gt;
                &lt;button onclick=&quot;goToPageWithReload()&quot;&gt;Go&lt;/button&gt;
            `;
            pagination.appendChild(searchDiv);
        }
        
        function goToPageWithReload() {
            const pageInput = document.getElementById(&#39;pageInput&#39;);
            const pageNum = parseInt(pageInput.value);
            const totalPages = Math.ceil(questions.length / config.questionsPerPage);
            
            if (pageNum &gt;= 1 &amp;&amp; pageNum &lt;= totalPages) {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + pageNum;
            } else {
                alert(`Please enter a page number between 1 and ${totalPages}`);
            }
        }

        function selectOption(optionElement, selectedAnswer, questionIndex) {
            const question = questions[questionIndex];
            const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${questionIndex} .option`);
            options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;none&#39;;
            });
            selectedOptions[questionIndex] = selectedAnswer;
            const correctOptionIndex = question.correctAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
            options[correctOptionIndex].classList.add(&#39;correct&#39;);
            if (selectedAnswer !== question.correctAnswer) {
                const selectedIndex = selectedAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                options[selectedIndex].classList.add(&#39;incorrect&#39;);
            }
        }

        function toggleExplanation(questionIndex) {
            const explanationElement = document.getElementById(`explanation-${questionIndex}`);
            explanationElement.style.display = explanationElement.style.display === &#39;block&#39; ? &#39;none&#39; : &#39;block&#39;;
        }

        function toggleFAQ(faqQuestion) {
            faqQuestion.classList.toggle(&#39;active&#39;);
            const answer = faqQuestion.nextElementSibling;
            answer.style.display = answer.style.display === &#39;block&#39; ? &#39;none&#39; : &#39;block&#39;;
            
            const toggleIcon = faqQuestion.querySelector(&#39;.faq-toggle&#39;);
            toggleIcon.classList.toggle(&#39;rotated&#39;);
        }

        function toggleAllAnswers() {
            answersShown = !answersShown;
            const btn = document.getElementById(&#39;toggleAnswersBtn&#39;);
            if (answersShown) {
                btn.textContent = &#39;Hide All Answers&#39;;
                showAllAnswers();
            } else {
                btn.textContent = &#39;Show All Answers&#39;;
                hideAllAnswers();
            }
        }

        function showAllAnswers() {
            const startIndex = (currentPage - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const q = questions[i];
                const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${i} .option`);
                if (options.length &gt; 0) {
                    const correctOptionIndex = q.correctAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                    options[correctOptionIndex].classList.add(&#39;correct&#39;);
                    if (selectedOptions.hasOwnProperty(i) &amp;&amp; selectedOptions[i] !== q.correctAnswer) {
                        const selectedIndex = selectedOptions[i].charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                        options[selectedIndex].classList.add(&#39;incorrect&#39;);
                    }
                    options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                        opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;none&#39;;
                    });
                }
            }
        }

        function hideAllAnswers() {
            const startIndex = (currentPage - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${i} .option`);
                options.forEach(option =&gt; {
                    option.classList.remove(&#39;correct&#39;, &#39;incorrect&#39;);
                });
                options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                    opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;auto&#39;;
                });
            }
            selectedOptions = {};
        }

        function resetQuiz() {
            selectedOptions = {};
            answersShown = false;
            document.getElementById(&#39;toggleAnswersBtn&#39;).textContent = &#39;Show All Answers&#39;;
            loadQuestions(currentPage);
        }

        function changeHeaderImage(imageUrl) {
            document.getElementById(&#39;headerImage&#39;).src = imageUrl;
        }
        
        function toggleContentExpansion() {
            const contentPreview = document.getElementById(&#39;contentPreview&#39;);
            const readMoreBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;readMoreBtn&#39;);
            contentExpanded = !contentExpanded;
            
            if (contentExpanded) {
                contentPreview.classList.add(&#39;expanded&#39;);
                readMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;Read Less&#39;;
            } else {
                contentPreview.classList.remove(&#39;expanded&#39;);
                readMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;Read More&#39;;
            }
        }

        function toggleContentLanguage() {
            const englishContent = document.querySelector(&#39;.english-content&#39;);
            const urduContent = document.querySelector(&#39;.urdu-content&#39;);
            const translateBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;contentTranslateBtn&#39;);
            contentInUrdu = !contentInUrdu;
            
            if (contentInUrdu) {
                englishContent.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                urduContent.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                translateBtn.textContent = &#39;Translate to English&#39;;
            } else {
                englishContent.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                urduContent.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                translateBtn.textContent = &#39;Translate to Urdu&#39;;
            }
        }

        async function createShareImage(questionIndex) {
            return new Promise((resolve) =&gt; {
                const q = questions[questionIndex];
                const canvas = document.getElementById(&#39;shareCanvas&#39;);
                const ctx = canvas.getContext(&#39;2d&#39;);
                
                ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                
                if (q.backgroundImage) {
                    const img = new Image();
                    img.crossOrigin = &quot;Anonymous&quot;;
                    img.onload = function() {
                        ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                        ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)&#39;;
                        ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                        drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                        convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                    };
                    img.onerror = function() {
                        console.log(&quot;Background image failed to load, using gradient fallback&quot;);
                        drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas);
                        drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                        convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                    };
                    img.src = q.backgroundImage + (q.backgroundImage.includes(&#39;?&#39;) ? &#39;&amp;&#39; : &#39;?&#39;) + &#39;t=&#39; + Date.now();
                } else {
                    drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas);
                    drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                    convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                }
            });
        }

        function drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas) {
            const gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
            gradient.addColorStop(0, &#39;#1e3c72&#39;);
            gradient.addColorStop(1, &#39;#2a5298&#39;);
            ctx.fillStyle = gradient;
            ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05)&#39;;
            for (let i = 0; i &lt; 5; i++) {
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(Math.random() * canvas.width, Math.random() * canvas.height, Math.random() * 300 + 100, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.fill();
            }
        }

        function drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex) {
            const questionNumber = questionIndex + 1;
            const questionText = `${questionNumber}. ${q.question}`;
            const urduText = `${q.urdu.replace(&#39;؟&#39;, &#39;&#39;).replace(&#39;?&#39;, &#39;&#39;)}`;
            
            ctx.save();
            ctx.beginPath();
            ctx.roundRect(40, 40, canvas.width - 80, canvas.height - 80, 20);
            ctx.clip();
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)&#39;;
            ctx.fillRect(40, 40, canvas.width - 80, canvas.height - 80);
            ctx.strokeStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3)&#39;;
            ctx.lineWidth = 2;
            ctx.stroke();
            ctx.restore();
            
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            ctx.font = &#39;bold 36px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            const questionLines = wrapText(ctx, questionText, canvas.width - 160, 36);
            let yPos = 80 + 36;
            
            questionLines.forEach(line =&gt; {
                ctx.fillText(line, 80, yPos);
                yPos += 36 + 10;
            });
            
            ctx.font = &#39;32px &quot;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&quot;, serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;right&#39;;
            const urduLines = wrapText(ctx, urduText, canvas.width - 160, 32);
            urduLines.forEach(line =&gt; {
                ctx.fillText(line, canvas.width - 80, yPos);
                yPos += 32 + 10;
            });
            
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            yPos += 20;
            
            ctx.font = &#39;italic 24px &quot;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&quot;, serif&#39;;
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;right&#39;;
            ctx.fillText(&quot;چار آپشن میں سے کسی پر بھی کلک کرنے سے جواب سبز ہو جائے گا&quot;, canvas.width - 80, yPos);
            yPos += 24 + 30;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            
            ctx.font = &#39;28px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            
            q.options.forEach((option, index) =&gt; {
                const optionLetter = String.fromCharCode(65 + index);
                const isCorrect = optionLetter === q.correctAnswer;
                
                ctx.save();
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.roundRect(80, yPos - 10, canvas.width - 160, 28 + 20, 10);
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.2)&#39; : &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)&#39;;
                ctx.fill();
                ctx.strokeStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3)&#39;;
                ctx.lineWidth = 1;
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.restore();
                
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(80 + 25, yPos + 28 / 2, 28 * 0.8, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;#3498db&#39;;
                ctx.fill();
                
                ctx.fillStyle = &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
                ctx.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                ctx.fillText(optionLetter, 80 + 25, yPos + 28 / 2 + 28 * 0.3);
                
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
                ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
                ctx.fillText(`${optionLetter}) ${option}`, 80 + 60, yPos + 28 * 0.8);
                
                yPos += 28 + 30;
            });
            
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7)&#39;;
            ctx.font = &#39;italic 20px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
            ctx.fillText(&quot;Study For More PAKMCQs.ORG&quot;, canvas.width / 2, canvas.height - 40);
        }

        function convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve) {
            canvas.toBlob((blob) =&gt; {
                const imageUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
                resolve(imageUrl);
            }, &#39;image/png&#39;, 1.0);
        }

        function wrapText(context, text, maxWidth, fontSize) {
            const words = text.split(&#39; &#39;);
            const lines = [];
            let currentLine = words[0];
            for (let i = 1; i &lt; words.length; i++) {
                const word = words[i];
                const width = context.measureText(currentLine + &#39; &#39; + word).width;
                if (width &lt; maxWidth) {
                    currentLine += &#39; &#39; + word;
                } else {
                    lines.push(currentLine);
                    currentLine = word;
                }
            }
            lines.push(currentLine);
            return lines;
        }
        
        async function shareQuestionWithImage(questionIndex, platform) {
            try {
                const imageUrl = await createShareImage(questionIndex);
                const q = questions[questionIndex];
                const shareUrl = q.questionLink || window.location.href;
                const shareText = `${questionIndex + 1}. ${q.question}\n\n${q.urdu.replace(/#&amp;\d+/g, &#39;&#39;)}\n\nStudy more at: ${shareUrl}`;
                
                if (navigator.share) {
                    const response = await fetch(imageUrl);
                    const blob = await response.blob();
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&lt;/html&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/51255189599790045/posts/default/858978173171268039'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/51255189599790045/posts/default/858978173171268039'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://www.pakmcqs.org/2026/09/7th-Class-General-Science-Unit-12-Earth-and-Space-MCQs-PakMCQs.html' title='7th Class General Science Unit 12 Earth and Space MCQs (زمین اور خلا) | PAKMCQs'/><author><name>Mehtab Ahmad</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05636204994802332371</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOUDoy0Yqjx6TS-As_aPjbRWhdWHUfkTyR1gs4crDywNaJA433HeFyt7g92qafeDi20wgeug6jR7Sr1zVNzWp6TxNKXv7lM3v55uORDagatV1dCf7EijlmTRU5WNSBcEORZG0FU63HNstlZ6ZzrerxZpk455P_R7Vll3X-hvrSb15kDOugjTMPVlR3DQ/s72-c/7th%20Class%20General%20Science%20Unit%2012%20image.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51255189599790045.post-8393064774519529655</id><published>2026-09-01T09:00:00.000+05:00</published><updated>2026-09-01T09:00:00.120+05:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="7th Class General Science"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="7th Class General Science Unit 11"/><title type='text'>7th Class General Science Unit 11 Technology in Everyday Life MCQs (روزمرہ زندگی میں ٹیکنالوجی) | PAKMCQs</title><content type='html'>&lt;html lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
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    &lt;title&gt;7th Class General Science Unit 11 Technology in Everyday Life MCQs (روزمرہ زندگی میں ٹیکنالوجی) | PakMCQs (Concept Based + Exam Focused)&lt;/title&gt;
    &lt;meta name=&quot;description&quot; content=&quot;Practice 7th Class General Science Unit 11 Technology in Everyday Life MCQs covering drip and sprinkler irrigation, water conservation, food preservation, stethoscope and sanitizer. Prepare with PAKMCQs for ETEA, NTS, KPPSC, PPSC and FPSC exams.&quot;&gt;
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            position: relative !important;
            z-index: 1 !important;
            overflow: visible !important;
        }
        
        /* Fix for social share section */
        .social-share-section {
            position: relative !important;
            margin-top: 20px !important;
            clear: both !important;
            z-index: 0 !important;
            display: block !important;
            overflow: visible !important;
        }
        
        /* Original styles with Theme Variables Integration */
        :root {
            --primary-color: #3498db;
            --secondary-color: #2ecc71;
            --border-radius: 8px;
            --box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
            --transition: all 0.3s ease;
        }

        /* Tips Section Styles */
        .tips-section {
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1); /* Transparent blue for dark mode compatibility */
            border-left: 5px solid #0056b3;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            padding: 20px;
            margin: 30px 0;
            box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,86,179,0.1);
        }
        .tips-section h3 {
            color: var(--primary-color);
            margin-top: 0;
            font-size: 1.3rem;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
        }
        .tips-section h3::before {
            content: &#39;🚀&#39;;
            margin-right: 10px;
            font-size: 1.5rem;
        }
        .tips-section ul {
            list-style-type: none;
            padding-left: 5px;
            color: var(--color-text-primary); /* Theme Variable */
        }
        .tips-section li {
            margin-bottom: 10px;
            line-height: 1.6;
            padding-left: 25px;
            position: relative;
        }
        .tips-section li::before {
            content: &#39;💡&#39;;
            position: absolute;
            left: 0;
            top: 0;
        }
        .tips-section p {
            margin-top: 15px;
            margin-bottom: 0;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }

        .take-test-btn {
            display: inline-block;
            margin-top: 15px;
            text-decoration: none;
            font-weight: bold;
            text-align: center;
        }

        body {
            font-family: &#39;Roboto&#39;, sans-serif;
            line-height: 1.6;
            /* Using Theme Variable for Main Background */
            background-color: var(--bg-main); 
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
            max-width: 2100px;
            margin: 0 auto;
            padding: 0px;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease, color 0.3s ease;
        }
        
        .header-image {
            width: 100%;
            max-height: 350px;
            object-fit: cover;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }
        
        /* --- DOWNLOAD SECTION --- */
        .info-banner {
            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1e5799 0%,#2989d8 50%,#207cca 51%,#7db9e8 100%);
            color: white !important; /* Force white text */
            padding: 20px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-bottom: 20px;
            box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
        }
        .info-banner h1 {
            margin-top: 0;
            color: white !important;
            font-size: 1.8rem;
            text-align: center;
            border-bottom: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
            padding-bottom: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 15px;
        }
        .info-banner p {
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            color: white !important;
        }
        .info-banner .urdu-text {
            color: white !important;
            font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif;
            direction: rtl;
            text-align: right;
            font-size: 0.8rem;
            line-height: 1.8;
        }
        
        /* --- UPDATED PDF DOWNLOAD BUTTON STYLES --- */
        .pdf-download-btn {
            position: relative; /* For absolute positioning of progress bar */
            display: inline-flex;
            justify-content: center;
            align-items: center;
            background-color: #e74c3c;
            color: white !important;
            padding: 10px 20px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            text-decoration: none;
            font-weight: bold;
            margin-top: 10px;
            transition: var(--transition);
            text-align: center;
            cursor: pointer;
            border: none;
            overflow: hidden; /* Ensure progress bar stays inside */
            width: 100%; /* Or fixed width if preferred */
            max-width: 300px;
            height: 45px;
        }
        .pdf-download-btn:hover {
            background-color: #c0392b;
            transform: translateY(-2px);
        }
        .pdf-download-btn:disabled {
            background-color: #7f8c8d;
            cursor: not-allowed;
            transform: none;
        }

        /* The text inside the button */
        .btn-text {
            position: relative;
            z-index: 2; /* Sit on top of progress bar */
        }

        /* The Progress Bar inside the button */
        .progress-bar-fill {
            position: absolute;
            left: 0;
            top: 0;
            bottom: 0;
            width: 0%;
            background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); /* Darker shade overlay */
            transition: width 0.3s ease;
            z-index: 1;
        }
        
        /* --- END DOWNLOAD SECTION --- */

        
        /* Cards adapted for Theme Dark Mode - Updated with Blue Stroke &amp; Glow */
        .question-card {
            background-color: var(--bg-content); /* Theme BG */
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            padding: 20px;
            margin-bottom: 25px;
            
            /* === UPDATE: Blue Stroke and Glow Effect === */
            border: 2px solid #3498db; 
            box-shadow: 0 0 15px rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.6); 
            /* =========================================== */
            
            transition: all 0.3s ease;
            position: relative;
        }

        /* ====== NEW STYLES FOR IMPORTANT QUESTION ====== */
        .question-card.important-question {
            /* Distinct Dark Background for Important Questions */
            background-color: #1a252f !important; 
            border: 2px solid #f1c40f !important; /* Gold border for importance */
            box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(241, 196, 15, 0.3);
        }

        /* Badge Style - Updated with Flexbox for Star Icon */
        .important-badge {
            position: absolute;
            top: -12px;
            right: 15px;
            background: linear-gradient(45deg, #e74c3c, #c0392b);
            color: white;
            padding: 4px 12px;
            border-radius: 12px;
            font-size: 0.75rem;
            font-weight: bold;
            box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
            text-transform: uppercase;
            letter-spacing: 1px;
            z-index: 10;
            
            /* Align Icon and Text */
            display: inline-flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 6px;
        }

        /* Light Theme Override for Important Question */
        body.light-theme .question-card.important-question {
            background-color: #ffffff !important; /* White background in light mode */
            border-color: #e74c3c !important;
            box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
        }
        /* =============================================== */
        
        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ TOC &amp; TOPIC HEADING STYLES START ========== */
        /* ======================================================== */

        .toc-container { background-color: var(--bg-content); border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 20px; margin: 20px 0; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); border: 1px solid var(--primary-color); transition: all 0.3s ease; }
        .toc-container h2 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-top: 0; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border-color, rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.3)); font-size: 1.5rem; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; }
        .toc-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 15px 0 0 0; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr)); gap: 12px; }
        .toc-item { background: var(--bg-main); padding: 12px 15px; border-radius: 6px; border-left: 4px solid var(--primary-color); cursor: pointer; font-weight: 500; color: var(--color-text-primary); transition: all 0.2s ease; display: flex; align-items: center; }
        .toc-item:hover { background: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.15); transform: translateX(5px); border-left-color: var(--secondary-color); }
        .toc-item::before { content: &#39;📌&#39;; margin-right: 10px; font-size: 1.1rem; }

        .in-quiz-topic-heading { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #2c3e50, #3498db); color: white !important; padding: 15px 20px; border-radius: var(--border-radius); font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 40px 0 20px 0; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); text-align: center; position: relative; border: 2px solid #fff; }
        body.light-theme .in-quiz-topic-heading { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #3498db, #2980b9); }

        .question-card.highlight-scroll {
            box-shadow: 0 0 25px #2ecc71 !important;
            border-color: #2ecc71 !important;
            transform: scale(1.01);
            transition: all 0.5s ease;
        }

        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ TOC &amp; TOPIC HEADING STYLES END ============ */
        /* ======================================================== */


        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ FIXED COLOR SETTINGS START ================ */
        /* ======================================================== */

        /* 1. DEFAULT (DARK MODE) SETTINGS */
        /* Since your theme defaults to dark mode, we set Yellow/White here */
        
        .question-text {
            font-size: 1.1rem;
            font-weight: bold;
            color: #FFFF00 !important; /* Yellow for Dark Mode */
            margin-bottom: 10px;
            cursor: pointer;
            display: block;
        }
        
        .urdu-text {
            font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif;
            direction: rtl;
            text-align: right;
            display: block;
            font-size: 1.1rem;
            color: #ffffff !important; /* White for Dark Mode */
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            cursor: pointer;
            line-height: 1.8;
        }

        /* 2. LIGHT MODE OVERRIDES */
        /* These trigger when the body has &#39;light-theme&#39; class */
        
        body.light-theme .question-text {
            color: #006400 !important; /* Dark Green for Light Mode */
        }
        
        body.light-theme .urdu-text {
            color: #000000 !important; /* Black for Light Mode */
        }

        /* Global Selection Notice Box Fixes */
        
        /* Default Dark Mode Box */
        .global-selection-notice {
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.2);
            border: 1px solid #FFFF00;
            padding: 12px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            text-align: center;
            color: #ffffff !important; /* White text default */
        }
        .global-selection-notice .urdu-text {
             color: #ffffff !important;
        }

        /* Light Mode Box Override */
        body.light-theme .global-selection-notice {
            background-color: #fff3cd;
            border: 1px solid #ffeeba;
            color: #856404 !important;
        }
        body.light-theme .global-selection-notice .urdu-text {
             color: #856404 !important;
        }

        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ FIXED COLOR SETTINGS END ================== */
        /* ======================================================== */

        .options {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            gap: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 15px;
        }
        
        .option {
            padding: 12px 15px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1)); 
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            cursor: pointer;
            transition: var(--transition);
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            position: relative;
            background-color: var(--bg-main); /* Slightly distinct from card bg */
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .option:hover {
            border-color: var(--primary-color);
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1);
        }
        
        .option-letter {
            display: inline-block;
            width: 24px;
            height: 24px;
            line-height: 24px;
            text-align: center;
            background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
            border-radius: 50%;
            margin-right: 12px;
            font-weight: 500;
            flex-shrink: 0;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .option-text {
            flex-grow: 1;
        }
        
        /* === UPDATE #1: Highlighted Answer Bold === */
        .correct {
            background-color: rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.2) !important;
            border-color: #28a745 !important;
            color: var(--color-text-primary) !important;
            font-weight: bold !important; /* Added Bold Property */
        }
        .correct .option-letter {
            background-color: #28a745;
            color: white;
        }
        
        .incorrect {
            background-color: rgba(220, 53, 69, 0.2) !important;
            border-color: #dc3545 !important;
            color: var(--color-text-primary) !important;
        }
        .incorrect .option-letter {
            background-color: #dc3545;
            color: white;
        }
        
        .explanation-btn {
            background-color: transparent;
            border: none;
            color: var(--primary-color);
            cursor: pointer;
            font-size: 0.9rem;
            padding: 5px 0;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 5px;
        }
        
        .explanation-btn:hover {
            text-decoration: underline;
        }
        
        .explanation {
            display: none;
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1); /* Transparent for dark mode */
            padding: 12px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-top: 10px;
            border-left: 3px solid var(--primary-color);
            font-size: 0.95rem;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .explanation-image {
            max-width: 100%;
            height: auto;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin: 10px 0;
            display: block;
        }
        .explanation-image-container {
            text-align: center;
            margin: 15px 0;
        }
        
        /* Explanation text highlighting styles */
        .explanation .highlight-red { color: #e74c3c; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-blue { color: #3498db; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-green { color: #2ecc71; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-yellow { 
            color: #f39c12; 
            font-weight: bold; 
            background-color: rgba(243, 156, 18, 0.1);
            padding: 0 2px;
            border-radius: 3px;
        }
        .explanation .highlight-purple { color: #9b59b6; font-weight: bold; }
        
        .controls {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: space-between;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
            gap: 10px;
        }
        
        .btn {
            padding: 10px 20px;
            border: none;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            font-weight: 500;
            cursor: pointer;
            transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .btn-primary { background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; }
        .btn-primary:hover { background-color: #2980b9; }
        .btn-secondary { background-color: #6c757d; color: white; }
        .btn-secondary:hover { background-color: #5a6268; }
        
        .divider {
            height: 1px;
            background-color: var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            margin: 25px 0;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
        }
        
        .ad-container {
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border: 1px dashed var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.2));
            padding: 20px;
            text-align: center;
            margin: 20px 0;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }

        /* RELATED TOPICS SECTION */
        .related-topics {
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            padding: 15px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin: 20px 0;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .related-topics h3 {
            margin-top: 0;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            padding-bottom: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;
        }
        .related-topics ul { padding-left: 20px; }
        .related-topics li { margin-bottom: 8px; color: var(--color-text-primary); }
        .related-topics a { color: var(--primary-color); text-decoration: none; }
        .related-topics a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

        .hidden { display: none; }
        .disabled { opacity: 0.5; pointer-events: none; }
        
        /* Social Share Buttons */
        .share-buttons { display: flex; gap: 8px; margin-top: 15px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
        .share-btn {
            display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
            padding: 6px 10px; border-radius: 4px; color: white;
            font-size: 10px; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s ease;
            text-decoration: none; border: none;
        }
        .share-btn .share-icon {
            width: 10px; height: 10px; margin-right: 5px;
            background-size: contain; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center;
        }
        .share-btn:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); }
        .facebook-btn { background-color: #3b5998; }
        .twitter-btn { background-color: #1da1f2; }
        .whatsapp-btn { background-color: #25d366; }
        .copy-link-btn { background-color: #6c757d; }
        .copy-link-btn.copied { background-color: #28a745; }
        
        .social-share-section {
            margin: 15px 0; padding: 10px;
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); text-align: center;
        }
        .social-share-title { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--color-text-secondary); margin-bottom: 8px; }
        
        /* Pagination Styles */
        .pagination { display: flex; justify-content: center; margin: 30px 0; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 5px; }
        .page-btn {
            padding: 8px 15px; margin: 0 2px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); background-color: var(--bg-content);
            color: var(--color-text-primary); cursor: pointer; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .page-btn:hover:not(.active) { background-color: var(--bg-main); }
        .active { background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; border-color: var(--primary-color); }
        .page-nav {
            padding: 8px 15px; margin: 0 2px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); background-color: var(--bg-content);
            color: var(--color-text-primary); cursor: pointer; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .page-nav:hover { background-color: var(--bg-main); }
        .disabled-nav { opacity: 0.5; cursor: not-allowed; pointer-events: none; }
        
        .page-search { margin-top: 15px; display: flex; justify-content: center; width: 100%; }
        .page-search input {
            padding: 8px 15px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); width: 150px; text-align: center;
            margin-right: 5px; background-color: var(--bg-content); color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        .page-search button {
            padding: 8px 15px; border: none; border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; cursor: pointer;
        }
        .page-ellipsis { display: inline-block; padding: 8px 12px; color: var(--color-text-secondary); }
        
        /* FAQ Section Styles */
        .faq-section {
            margin: 30px 0; background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 20px; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .faq-section h2 { color: var(--color-text-primary); border-bottom: 2px solid var(--primary-color); padding-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0; }
        .faq-item {
            margin-bottom: 15px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); overflow: hidden; transition: border-color 0.3s ease;
        }
        .faq-question {
            background-color: var(--bg-main); padding: 12px 15px; cursor: pointer;
            font-weight: 500; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        .faq-question:hover { background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1); }
        .faq-answer {
            padding: 15px; background-color: var(--bg-content); display: none;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; color: var(--color-text-secondary);
        }
        .faq-answer.show { display: block; }
        .faq-toggle { font-size: 1.2rem; transition: var(--transition); }
        .faq-toggle.rotated { transform: rotate(45deg); }

        /* Image Between Questions */
        .question-image { margin: 20px 0; text-align: center; }
        .question-image a { display: inline-block; }
        .question-image img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: var(--border-radius); box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); transition: transform 0.3s ease; }
        .question-image img:hover { transform: scale(1.02); }
        .question-image-caption { margin-top: 8px; font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--color-text-secondary); text-align: center; }

        .share-image-canvas { position: fixed; top: -9999px; left: -9999px; visibility: hidden; }

        .tts-btn {
            background-color: #6c757d; color: white; border: none;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 8px 12px; margin: 10px 0;
            cursor: pointer; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px;
            font-size: 0.9rem; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .tts-btn:hover { background-color: #5a6268; }
        .tts-btn i { font-size: 1rem; }

        .translate-btn {
            background-color: #3498db; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 4px;
            padding: 5px 10px; margin: 5px 0; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.8rem; transition: all 0.2s ease;
        }
        .translate-btn:hover { background-color: #2980b9; }
        .translate-btn i { display: none; }
        
        .explanation-urdu {
            display: none; font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif; direction: rtl;
            text-align: right; margin-top: 10px; line-height: 2.2; font-size: 1.0rem; 
        }

        /* Expandable Content Section */
        .expandable-content {
            background-color: var(--bg-content); border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            padding: 20px; margin: 20px 0; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
            transition: all 0.3s ease; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .expandable-content h2 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-top: 0; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--primary-color); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
        .content-translate-btn { background-color: var(--secondary-color); color: white; border: none; border-radius: 4px; padding: 5px 10px; font-size: 0.8rem; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s ease; }
        .content-translate-btn:hover { background-color: #27ae60; }
        
        .content-preview { position: relative; overflow: hidden; max-height: 120px; transition: max-height 0.5s ease; }
        .content-preview.expanded { max-height: none; }
        .content-preview::after {
            content: &#39;&#39;; position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 40px;
            background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255,255,255,0), var(--bg-content)); transition: opacity 0.3s ease; opacity: 1;
        }
        .content-preview.expanded::after { opacity: 0; }
        
        .read-more-btn { display: inline-block; margin-top: 10px; color: var(--primary-color); cursor: pointer; font-weight: 500; transition: all 0.2s ease; }
        .read-more-btn:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
        
        .content-body { margin-bottom: 15px; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--color-text-primary); }
        .content-body p { margin-bottom: 15px; }
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            &lt;h1&gt;Technology in Everyday Life MCQs | 7th Class General Science Unit 11 | PakMCQs&lt;/h1&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Practice 7th Class General Science Unit 11 Technology in Everyday Life MCQs covering drip and sprinkler irrigation systems, water conservation, food preservation techniques for orange juice, apple jam and pickles, making a simple stethoscope, and preparing sanitizer. These MCQs are useful for learning, revision and preparation. Prepare with PAKMCQs for ETEA, NTS, KPPSC, PPSC and FPSC exams.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;p class=&quot;urdu-text&quot;&gt;پی ڈی ایف ڈاؤن لوڈ کرنے کے بجائے، یہاں وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں۔ اِن شاء اللہ آپ کی تیاری مزید بہتر ہو جائے گی۔&lt;/p&gt;
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    &lt;h2&gt;Technology in Everyday Life | روزمرہ زندگی میں ٹیکنالوجی
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                &lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #e74c3c;&quot;&gt;7th Class General Science Unit 11: Technology in Everyday Life&lt;/h3&gt;
                
                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;Unit ka Asaan Khulasa&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Technology in Everyday Life mein hum dekhte hain ke science aur technology hamari daily life ko kaise asaan banati hain. Is unit mein khas taur par water conservation, irrigation systems, food preservation, stethoscope aur hand sanitizer ke bare mein seekhte hain.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;1. Water Conservation&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Water conservation ka matlab hai pani ko ehtiyat se use karna aur usay zaya hone se bachana. Pani zindagi ke liye bohat zaroori hai. Hum pani ko: Peene, khana pakane, nahane, kapray dhone, safai, agriculture, aur industries mein use karte hain. Barhti hui population ki wajah se pani ki demand bhi barh rahi hai. Agar hum pani ko carefully use na karein to water shortage ka samna karna par sakta hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;Earth par Water aur Land:&lt;/b&gt; Water = 70% | Land = 30%.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Duniya ke pani mein:&lt;/b&gt; Salt water = 98% | Fresh water = 2%. (Fresh water ka bara hissa ice aur groundwater ki form mein mojood hai).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Pakistan mein Water Shortage:&lt;/b&gt; Pakistan ke kai areas mein logon ko safe aur clean drinking water asani se available nahi hota. Kuch logon ko pani hasil karne ke liye door tak jana parta hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;2. Irrigation Systems&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Agriculture mein plants ko pani dene ke liye irrigation systems use kiye jate hain. Do important water-saving irrigation systems hain:&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Drip Irrigation:&lt;/span&gt; Drip irrigation mein pani pipes ke zariye boond boond plants ki roots tak pohanchaya jata hai. Is se pani directly roots ko milta hai aur pani ka zaya kam hota hai.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Sprinkler Irrigation:&lt;/span&gt; Sprinkler irrigation mein pani ko spray ya boondon ki form mein plants par sprinkle kiya jata hai.&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;i&gt;Dono ka Maqsad:&lt;/i&gt; Drip aur sprinkler irrigation ka main purpose pani ko efficiently use karna aur wastage kam karna hai. Drip irrigation conventional irrigation ke muqable mein pani ki consumption ko kaafi kam kar sakti hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;3. Food Preservation&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Food preservation&lt;/span&gt; ka matlab food ko spoil hone se bachana aur uski shelf life barhana hai. Food ko preserve karne ka main purpose microorganisms ki growth ko control karna hota hai. &lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;Common Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Canning, Freezing, Drying, Fermenting, Pickling, Dry Salting, aur Curing.&lt;/p&gt;
                
                &lt;ul&gt;
                    &lt;li&gt;• &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #8e44ad;&quot;&gt;Canning:&lt;/span&gt; Food ko specific temperature par heat kiya jata hai aur phir special jars mein airtight seal kar diya jata hai. Yeh fruits, vegetables, meat aur seafood ke liye use hota hai. (&lt;b&gt;Pasteurization:&lt;/b&gt; Specific temperature par heat karke harmful microorganisms ko control karne ke process ko kehte hain. Louis Pasteur ne is par important work kiya tha).&lt;/li&gt;
                    &lt;li&gt;• &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #2980b9;&quot;&gt;Freezing:&lt;/span&gt; Food ko low temperature (commonly -18°C ya us se kam) par rakh kar preserve kiya jata hai (fruits, vegetables, meat, dairy products).&lt;/li&gt;
                    &lt;li&gt;• &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #27ae60;&quot;&gt;Drying:&lt;/span&gt; Food se moisture yani pani remove kiya jata hai, jis se microorganisms grow nahi kar pate (fruits, vegetables, meat, grains, nuts, legumes).&lt;/li&gt;
                    &lt;li&gt;• &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #16a085;&quot;&gt;Fermentation:&lt;/span&gt; Useful microorganisms (bacteria ya yeast) food mein chemical changes produce karte hain aur use preserve ya transform karte hain (yogurt, sauerkraut, cured foods).&lt;/li&gt;
                    &lt;li&gt;• &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #c0392b;&quot;&gt;Pickling:&lt;/span&gt; Food ko salt aur acid wale solution (commonly vinegar ya lemon juice) mein preserve kiya jata hai.&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;/ul&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;Pickles banane ka basic method:&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;1. Vegetables ko wash aur cut karein. | 2. Unhein dry karein. | 3. Clean jar mein place karein. | 4. Salt add karein. | 5. Vinegar ya lemon juice add karein. | 6. Vegetables ko solution mein completely cover karein. | 7. Jar ko properly seal karein. | 8. Suitable dry place mein rakh dein.&lt;/p&gt;
                
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400;&quot;&gt;Dry Salting:&lt;/span&gt; Purana method hai jisme food ko salt ke zariye preserve kiya jata hai, jo moisture kam karta hai.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #8e44ad;&quot;&gt;Curing:&lt;/span&gt; Special method hai jisme salt, acid aur nitrates use kiye jate hain (especially meat aur fish ke liye).&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Easy Difference:&lt;/b&gt; Pickling &amp;rarr; Salt + Acid | Dry salting &amp;rarr; Salt | Curing &amp;rarr; Salt + Acid + Nitrates&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;11. Stethoscope&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Stethoscope&lt;/span&gt; ek medical instrument hai jo doctors patients ke heartbeats aur body sounds sunne ke liye use karte hain. &lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;Simple Stethoscope Materials:&lt;/b&gt; 2 small funnels, Plastic tube, 2 balloons, Electrical ya duct tape, aur Scissors. &lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Is activity ka maqsad students ko sound transmission aur heartbeats ko observe karne ka practical experience dena hai. Different people ke heart rates ko compare bhi kiya ja sakta hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;12. Hand Sanitizer&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Hand sanitizer&lt;/span&gt; hands par germs ko reduce ya kill karne mein madad karta hai. Soap aur water hands se germs remove karne mein effective hain, jabke alcohol-based sanitizer germs ko inactive ya kill karne mein madad karta hai.&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;Basic Ingredients:&lt;/b&gt; Rubbing alcohol / ethanol (germs inactive karne ke liye), Aloe vera gel (skin moisturize karne ke liye), aur Essential oil (fragrance ke liye).&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;Safety Point:&lt;/b&gt; Sanitizer banate waqt flammable alcohol ki wajah se fire se door rehna chahiye. Ready-made formulated sanitizer use karna safer hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;Quick Revision&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
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                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Topic&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Important Point&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Water Conservation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Pani ko wastage se bachana&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Drip Irrigation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Pani boond boond roots tak&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sprinkler Irrigation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Pani spray/boondon ki form mein&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Food Preservation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Food ko spoil hone se bachana&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Canning&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Heating + airtight sealing&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Freezing&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Low temperature par preservation&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Drying&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Food se moisture remove karna&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fermentation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Useful microorganisms ka use&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pickling&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Salt + vinegar/lemon juice&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dry Salting&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Salt ke zariye preservation&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Curing&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Salt, acid aur nitrates ka use&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Stethoscope&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Heartbeat/body sounds sunne ka instrument&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sanitizer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Hands par germs ko reduce/kill karne mein madad&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Important Differences:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Drip vs Sprinkler:&lt;/b&gt; Drip mein pani directly roots ke paas drops ki form mein diya jata hai, jabke Sprinkler mein spray ki form mein.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Freezing vs Drying:&lt;/b&gt; Freezing mein low temperature par preserve kiya jata hai, jabke Drying mein moisture remove ki jati hai.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Pickling vs Curing:&lt;/b&gt; Pickling mein salt aur acid solution use hota hai, jabke Curing mein salt, acid aur nitrates (khas taur par meat aur fish ke liye).&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;div style=&quot;border-left: 5px solid #2e7d32; padding-left: 15px; margin: 15px 0;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;h5 style=&quot;margin-top: 0; color: #2e7d32;&quot;&gt;Key Points&lt;/h5&gt;
                    &lt;p&gt;• Water conservation ka matlab pani ko carefully use karna aur wastage se bachana hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Earth ki surface ka approximately 70% water aur 30% land hai. Duniya ke pani ka bohat bara hissa salt water ہے.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Drip irrigation mein pani drops ki form mein roots tak aur Sprinkler irrigation mein spray ki form mein plants tak pohanchta hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Food preservation ka purpose food ko spoilage se bachana hai. Canning mein heating aur airtight sealing use hoti hai, Freezing mein low temperature, aur Drying mein moisture remove kiya jata hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Fermentation mein useful microorganisms ka role hota hai. Pickling mein salt aur acid (vinegar ya lemon juice) use hota hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Dry salting ek traditional preservation method hai. Curing meat aur fish preservation mein use hoti hai. Louis Pasteur ka naam pasteurization se related hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Stethoscope heartbeat aur body sounds sunne mein madad karta hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Hand sanitizer mein alcohol germs ko inactive/kill karne mein aur Aloe vera gel skin ko moisturize karne mein help karta hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            
            &lt;!-- Urdu Content --&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;urdu-content&quot;&gt;
                &lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #e74c3c;&quot;&gt;ساتویں کلاس جنرل سائنس – یونٹ 11&lt;/h3&gt;
                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;یونٹ 11: روزمرہ زندگی میں ٹیکنالوجی (ٹیکنالوجی ان ایوری ڈے لائف)&lt;/h4&gt;
                
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;یونٹ کا آسان خلاصہ:&lt;/strong&gt; روزمرہ زندگی میں ٹیکنالوجی (ٹیکنالوجی ان ایوری ڈے لائف) میں ہم دیکھتے ہیں کہ سائنس اور ٹیکنالوجی ہماری روزمرہ زندگی (ڈیلی لائف) کو کیسے آسان بناتی ہے۔ اس چیپٹر میں خاص طور پر واٹر کنزرویشن (پانی کا تحفظ)، ایریگیشن سسٹمز (آبپاشی کے نظام)، فوڈ پریزرویشن (خوراک کا تحفظ)، اسٹیتھوسکوپ اور ہینڈ سینیٹائزر کے بارے میں سیکھتے ہیں۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;1۔ واٹر کنزرویشن (پانی کا تحفظ)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;واٹر کنزرویشن کا مطلب ہے پانی کو احتیاط سے استعمال کرنا اور اسے ضائع ہونے سے بچانا۔ پانی زندگی کے لیے بہت ضروری ہے۔ ہم پانی کو: پینے، کھانا پکانے، نہانے، کپڑے دھونے، صفائی، ایگریکلچر (زراعت)، اور انڈسٹریز (صنعتوں) میں استعمال کرتے ہیں۔ بڑھتی ہوئی پاپولیشن (آبادی) کی وجہ سے پانی کی ڈیمانڈ بھی بڑھ رہی ہے۔ اگر ہم پانی کو احتیاط سے استعمال نہ کریں تو واٹر شارٹیج (پانی کی کمی) کا سامنا کرنا پڑ سکتا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;زمین پر پانی اور خشکی:&lt;/b&gt; پانی = 70% | خشکی (لینڈ) = 30%۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;دنیا کے پانی میں تناسب:&lt;/b&gt; نمکین پانی = 98% | میٹھا پانی = 2%. (میٹھے پانی کا بڑا حصہ برف اور زیرِ زمین پانی کی شکل میں موجود ہے)۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;پاکستان میں پانی کی کمی:&lt;/b&gt; پاکستان کے کئی علاقوں میں لوگوں کو صاف اور محفوظ پینے کا پانی آسانی سے میسر نہیں ہوتا۔ کچھ لوگوں کو پانی حاصل کرنے کے لیے دور تک جانا پڑتا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;2۔ ایریگیشن سسٹمز (آبپاشی کے نظام)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;ایگریکلچر (زراعت) میں پودوں کو پانی دینے کے لیے ایریگیشن سسٹمز استعمال کیے جاتے ہیں۔ پانی بچانے والے دو اہم ایریگیشن سسٹمز ہیں:&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ڈرپ ایریگیشن (Drip Irrigation):&lt;/span&gt; ڈرپ ایریگیشن میں پانی پائپوں کے ذریعے بوند بوند پودوں کی جڑوں تک پہنچایا جاتا ہے۔ اس سے پانی براہِ راست جڑوں کو ملتا ہے اور پانی کا ضیاع کم ہوتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;اسپرنکلر ایریگیشن (Sprinkler Irrigation):&lt;/span&gt; اسپرنکلر ایریگیشن میں پانی کو اسپرے یا بوندوں کی فارم میں پودوں پر چھڑکا جاتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;i&gt;دونوں کا مقصد:&lt;/i&gt; ڈرپ اور اسپرنکلر ایریگیشن کا بنیادی مقصد پانی کو بہتر طریقے سے استعمال کرنا اور پانی کے ضیاع (ویسٹیج) کو کم کرنا ہے۔ ڈرپ ایریگیشن روایتی آبپاشی کے مقابلے میں پانی کے استعمال کو کافی حد تک کم کر سکتی ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;3۔ فوڈ پریزرویشن (خوراک کا تحفظ)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;فوڈ پریزرویشن&lt;/span&gt; کا مطلب خوراک کو خراب (اسپوائل) ہونے سے بچانا اور اس کی شیلف لائف بڑھانا ہے۔ خوراک کو محفوظ کرنے کا بنیادی مقصد مائیکرو آرگنزمز (خوردبینی جانداروں) کی افزائش کو کنٹرول کرنا ہوتا ہے۔ &lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;محفوظ کرنے کے عام طریقے:&lt;/b&gt; کیننگ، فریزنگ، ڈرائینگ، فرمنٹنگ، پکلنگ، ڈرائی سالٹنگ، اور کیورنگ۔&lt;/p&gt;
                
                &lt;ul&gt;
                    &lt;li&gt;• &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #8e44ad;&quot;&gt;کیننگ (Canning):&lt;/span&gt; خوراک کو مخصوص درجہ حرارت پر گرم کیا جاتا ہے اور پھر خاص جارز میں ہوا بند (ایئر ٹائٹ) سیل کر دیا جاتا ہے۔ اس طریقے کو فروٹس، ویجیٹیبلز، گوشت اور سی فوڈ کے لیے استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔ (&lt;b&gt;پاسچرائزیشن:&lt;/b&gt; خوراک کو مخصوص درجہ حرارت پر گرم کر کے نقصان دہ مائیکرو آرگنزمز کو کنٹرول کرنے کے عمل کو کہتے ہیں۔ لوئس پاسچر نے اس پر اہم کام کیا تھا)۔&lt;/li&gt;
                    &lt;li&gt;• &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #2980b9;&quot;&gt;فریزنگ (Freezing):&lt;/span&gt; خوراک کو بہت کم درجہ حرارت (عام طور پر -18°C یا اس سے کم) پر رکھ کر محفوظ کیا جاتا ہے (فروٹس، ویجیٹیبلز، گوشت، ڈیری پروڈکٹس)۔&lt;/li&gt;
                    &lt;li&gt;• &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #27ae60;&quot;&gt;ڈرائینگ (Drying):&lt;/span&gt; خوراک سے نمی یعنی پانی خارج کیا جاتا ہے، جس سے مائیکرو آرگنزمز کے لیے بڑھنا مشکل ہو جاتا ہے (فروٹس، ویجیٹیبلز، گوشت، اناج، نٹس، پھلیاں)۔&lt;/li&gt;
                    &lt;li&gt;• &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #16a085;&quot;&gt;فرمنٹیشن (Fermentation):&lt;/span&gt; مفید مائیکرو آرگنزمز (بیکٹیریا یا ییسٹ) خوراک میں کیمیاوی تبدیلیاں پیدا کرتے ہیں اور خوراک کو محفوظ یا تبدیل کرتے ہیں (دہی، بند گوبھی کا اچار)۔&lt;/li&gt;
                    &lt;li&gt;• &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #c0392b;&quot;&gt;پکلنگ (Pickling):&lt;/span&gt; خوراک کو نمک اور تیزاب والے سلوشن (عام طور پر سرکہ یا لیموں کا رس) میں محفوظ کیا جاتا ہے۔&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;/ul&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;اچار بنانے کا بنیادی طریقہ:&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;۱۔ سبزیوں کو دھوئیں اور کاٹیں۔ | ۲۔ انہیں خشک کریں۔ | ۳۔ صاف جار میں رکھیں۔ | ۴۔ نمک شامل کریں۔ | ۵۔ سرکہ یا لیموں کا رس شامل کریں۔ | ۶۔ سبزیوں کو سلوشن میں مکمل طور پر ڈھانپیں۔ | ۷۔ جار کو اچھے طریقے سے بند کریں۔ | ۸۔ مناسب خشک جگہ پر رکھ دیں۔&lt;/p&gt;
                
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400;&quot;&gt;ڈرائی سالٹنگ (خشک نمک لگانا):&lt;/span&gt; ایک پرانا فوڈ پریزرویشن طریقہ ہے جس میں خوراک کو نمک کے ذریعے محفوظ کیا جاتا ہے، جو نمی کو کم کرتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #8e44ad;&quot;&gt;کیورنگ (Curing):&lt;/span&gt; یہ خاص طریقہ ہے جس میں عام طور پر نمک، تیزاب اور نائٹریٹس استعمال کیے جاتے ہیں (خاص طور پر گوشت اور مچھلی کے لیے)۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;آسان فرق:&lt;/b&gt; پکلنگ &amp;rarr; نمک + تیزاب | ڈرائی سالٹنگ &amp;rarr; نمک | کیورنگ &amp;rarr; نمک + تیزاب + نائٹریٹس&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;11۔ اسٹیتھوسکوپ (Stethoscope)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;اسٹیتھوسکوپ&lt;/span&gt; ایک میڈیکل انسٹرومنٹ ہے جو ڈاکٹرز مریضوں کے دل کی دھڑکن اور جسم کی آوازیں سننے کے لیے استعمال کرتے ہیں۔ &lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;سادہ اسٹیتھوسکوپ کا سامان:&lt;/b&gt; 2 چھوٹے فنلز، پلاسٹک ٹیوب، 2 غبارے، الیکٹریکل یا ڈکٹ ٹیپ، اور قینچی۔ &lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;مقصد:&lt;/b&gt; اس سرگرمی کا مقصد اسٹوڈنٹس کو آواز کی منتقلی اور دل کی دھڑکن کا مشاہدہ کرنے کا عملی تجربہ دینا ہے۔ دل کی دھڑکن کو ایک منٹ میں گن کر مختلف لوگوں کی دل کی دھڑکنوں کا موازنہ بھی کیا جا سکتا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;12۔ ہینڈ سینیٹائزر (Hand Sanitizer)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ہینڈ سینیٹائزر&lt;/span&gt; ہاتھوں پر موجود جراثیم کو کم کرنے یا مارنے میں مدد کرتا ہے۔ صابن اور پانی ہاتھوں سے جراثیم کو ختم کرنے میں مؤثر ہیں، جبکہ الکحل پر مبنی سینیٹائزر جراثیم کو غیر فعال یا مارنے میں مدد کرتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;بنیادی اجزاء:&lt;/b&gt; ربنگ الکحل / ایتھنول (جراثیم کو غیر فعال کرنے کے لیے)، ایلو ویرا جیل (جلد کو نم دار کرنے کے لیے)، اور ایسینشل آئل (خوشبو کے لیے)۔&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;حفاظتی نقطہ:&lt;/b&gt; سینیٹائزر بناتے وقت آگ پکڑنے والی الکحل کی وجہ سے آگ سے دور رہنا چاہیے۔ پہلے سے تیار شدہ سینیٹائزر کا استعمال کرنا زیادہ محفوظ ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;فوری اعادہ (Quick Revision)&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 15px 0; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ٹاپک (Topic)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;اہم نقطہ (Important Point)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;واٹر کنزرویشن&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پانی کو ضائع ہونے سے بچانا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ڈرپ ایریگیشن&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پانی کا بوند بوند جڑوں تک پہنچنا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;اسپرنکلر ایریگیشن&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پانی کا اسپرے یا بوندوں کی شکل میں چھڑکاؤ&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;فوڈ پریزرویشن&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;خوراک کو خراب ہونے سے بچانا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;کیننگ (Canning)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;گرم کرنا + ہوا بند کرنا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;فریزنگ (Freezing)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;کم درجہ حرارت پر خوراک کو محفوظ کرنا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ڈرائینگ (Drying)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;خوراک سے نمی کو ختم کرنا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;فرمنٹیشن&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;مفید مائیکرو آرگنزمز کا استعمال&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;پکلنگ (Pickling)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;نمک + سرکہ/لیموں کا رس&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ڈرائی سالٹنگ&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;نمک کے ذریعے خوراک کو محفوظ کرنا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;کیورنگ (Curing)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;نمک، تیزاب اور نائٹریٹس کا استعمال&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;استیتھوسکوپ&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;دل کی دھڑکن اور جسم کی آوازیں سننے کا آلہ&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;سینیٹائزر&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ہاتھوں پر جراثیم کو کم کرنے/مارنے میں مدد&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;اہم ترین فرق:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;ڈرپ اور اسپرنکلر ایریگیشن میں فرق:&lt;/b&gt; ڈرپ ایریگیشن میں پانی براہِ راست جڑوں کے پاس قطروں کی شکل میں دیا جاتا ہے، جبکہ اسپرنکلر ایریگیشن میں پانی پودوں پر اسپرے کی شکل میں دیا جاتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;فریزنگ اور ڈرائینگ میں فرق:&lt;/b&gt; فریزنگ میں خوراک کو کم درجہ حرارت پر محفوظ کیا جاتا ہے، جبکہ ڈرائینگ میں خوراک سے نمی دور کی جاتی ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;پکلنگ اور کیورنگ میں فرق:&lt;/b&gt; پکلنگ میں نمک اور تیزاب کے سلوشن میں خوراک محفوظ ہوتی ہے، جبکہ کیورنگ میں نمک، تیزاب اور نائٹریٹس جیسی اشیاء کا استعمال ہوتا ہے (خاص طور پر گوشت اور مچھلی کے لیے)۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;div style=&quot;border-right: 5px solid #2e7d32; padding-right: 15px; margin: 15px 0;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;h5 style=&quot;margin-top: 0; color: #2e7d32;&quot;&gt;امتحانی نقطہِ نظر سے اہم ترین نکات&lt;/h5&gt;
                    &lt;p&gt;• واٹر کنزرویشن کا مطلب پانی کو احتیاط سے استعمال کرنا اور ضیاع سے بچانا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • زمین کی سطح کا تقریباً 70 فیصد پانی اور 30 فیصد خشکی ہے۔ دنیا کے پانی کا بہت بڑا حصہ نمکین پانی ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • ڈرپ ایریگیشن میں پانی قطروں کی شکل میں جڑوں تک اور اسپرنکلر ایریگیشن میں پانی اسپرے کی شکل میں پودوں تک پہنچتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • فوڈ پریزرویشن کا مقصد خوراک کو خراب ہونے سے بچانا ہے۔ کیننگ میں گرم کرنا اور ہوا بند کرنا، فریزنگ میں کم درجہ حرارت، اور ڈرائینگ میں خوراک کی نمی کو ختم کرنا شامل ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • فرمنٹیشن میں مفید مائیکرو آرگنزمز کا کردار ہوتا ہے۔ پکلنگ میں نمک اور تیزاب، جیسے سرکہ یا لیموں کا رس، استعمال ہوتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • ڈرائی سالٹنگ ایک روایتی معلوماتی طریقہ ہے۔ کیورنگ خاص طور پر گوشت اور مچھلی کو محفوظ کرنے میں استعمال ہوتی ہے۔ لوئس پاسچر کا نام پاسچرائزیشن سے منسلک ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • اسٹیتھوسکوپ ڈاکٹرز کو دل کی دھڑکن اور جسم کی آوازیں سننے میں مدد کرتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • ہینڈ سینیٹائزر میں الکحل جراثیم کو غیر فعال کرنے/مارنے میں اور ایلو ویرا جیل جلد کو نم دار رکھنے میں مدد کرتا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    
    &lt;div class=&quot;read-more-btn&quot; id=&quot;readMoreBtn&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;!-- Topics Table of Contents Container --&gt;
        &lt;div id=&quot;toc-container&quot; class=&quot;toc-container&quot; style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt;
            &lt;h2&gt;📚 Table of Contents (Topics Main Headings)&lt;/h2&gt;
            &lt;ul id=&quot;toc-list&quot; class=&quot;toc-list&quot;&gt;
                &lt;!-- TOC items will be injected here dynamically --&gt;
            &lt;/ul&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;controls&quot;&gt;
            &lt;button class=&quot;btn btn-primary&quot; id=&quot;toggleAnswersBtn&quot;&gt;Show All Answers&lt;/button&gt;
            &lt;button class=&quot;btn btn-secondary&quot; id=&quot;resetQuizBtn&quot;&gt;Reset Quiz&lt;/button&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
        
        &lt;!-- Global Selection Notice --&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;global-selection-notice&quot;&gt;
            &lt;span class=&quot;urdu-text&quot;&gt;چار آپشن میں سے کسی پر بھی کلک کرنے سے جواب سبز ہو جائے گا&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
        
        &lt;div id=&quot;quiz-container&quot;&gt;
            &lt;!-- Questions will be loaded here --&gt;
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        &lt;!-- FAQ Section - Updated design --&gt;
        &lt;div id=&quot;faq-container&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;faq-section&quot;&gt;
        &lt;h2&gt;Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)&lt;/h2&gt;
        
        &lt;!-- Visible FAQs (First 3) --&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;1. What is water conservation?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Water conservation means using water carefully and preventing unnecessary wastage.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;2. What is drip irrigation?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Drip irrigation is a method in which water is supplied drop by drop directly near the roots of plants.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;3. What is sprinkler irrigation?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Sprinkler irrigation is a method in which water is sprayed over crops or plants.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;!-- Hidden FAQs (Remaining 7) --&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;4. What is food preservation?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Food preservation is the process of preventing food from spoilage and extending its shelf life.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;5. What are the common methods of food preservation?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Common methods include canning, freezing, drying, fermentation, pickling, dry salting, and curing.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;6. What is pickling?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Pickling is a method of preserving food using salt and an acidic substance such as vinegar or lemon juice.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;7. What is pasteurization?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Pasteurization is a process in which food or liquid is heated to a specific temperature to control harmful microorganisms.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;8. What is a stethoscope?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;A stethoscope is a medical instrument used to listen to heartbeats and other body sounds.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;9. What is the purpose of alcohol in hand sanitizer?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Alcohol is the main germ-killing or germ-inactivating ingredient in an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;10. Why is water conservation important?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Water conservation is important because fresh water is limited and careful use helps prevent water shortages and wastage.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;see-more-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;button id=&quot;seeMoreFaqBtn&quot; class=&quot;btn btn-primary&quot;&gt;See More FAQs&lt;/button&gt;
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            &lt;!-- Pagination buttons will be added here --&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;!-- FOOTER AD SECTION HATA DIYA GAYA HAI --&gt;

    &lt;/div&gt; &lt;!-- End of no-blogger-overlap wrapper --&gt;
    
    &lt;!-- Hidden canvas for generating share images --&gt;
    &lt;canvas id=&quot;shareCanvas&quot; class=&quot;share-image-canvas&quot; width=&quot;1200&quot; height=&quot;630&quot;&gt;&lt;/canvas&gt;
    
    &lt;script&gt;
        // Social Media Icons Configuration - Easily change icons by updating these links
        const socialIcons = {
            facebook: &quot;https://cdn-icons-png.flaticon.com/512/124/124010.png&quot;,
            twitter: &quot;https://cdn-icons-png.flaticon.com/512/733/733579.png&quot;,
            whatsapp: &quot;https://cdn-icons-png.flaticon.com/512/220/220236.png&quot;,
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            sound: &quot;https://cdn-icons-png.flaticon.com/512/3161/3161837.png&quot; // Added sound icon
        };

        // STEP 2: adsCode Variable ko Update Karein
        const adsCode = `
            &lt;ins class=&quot;adsbygoogle&quot;
                 style=&quot;display:block&quot;
                 data-ad-client=&quot;ca-pub-4073269280727447&quot;
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                 data-full-width-responsive=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;
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        // STEP 3: applyAds Function ko Behtar Banayein (YAHAN ADD KIYA GAYA HAI)
        function applyAds() {
            const adContainers = document.querySelectorAll(&#39;.ad-container&#39;);
            adContainers.forEach(container =&gt; {
                container.innerHTML = adsCode; // Yeh ab sirf &lt;ins&gt; tag daalay ga
                try {
                    // Yeh line AdSense ko naye ad unit ko process karne ke liye kehti hai
                    (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
                } catch (e) {
                    console.error(&quot;AdSense error: &quot;, e);
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        }

        // Updated Data with pdf: true property for demonstration
        const questions = [
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Water Conservation&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does water conservation mean?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;واٹر کنزرویشن (water conservation) کا کیا مطلب ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Carefully use water in order to avoid any wastage&quot;, &quot;Waste water freely&quot;, &quot;Store salt water only&quot;, &quot;Freeze all water&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Carefully use water in order to avoid any wastage[/red] is correct because water conservation focuses on [blue]sustainable usage and preventing water loss[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پانی کو احتیاط سے استعمال کرنا تاکہ ضیاع نہ ہو[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ واٹر کنزرویشن کا بنیادی مقصد [blue]پانی کی بچت اور ضیاع کو روکنا[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What percentage of the Earth&#39;s surface is covered by water?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین کی سطح کا کتنے فیصد حصہ پانی (water) سے ڈھکا ہوا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;30%&quot;, &quot;70%&quot;, &quot;98%&quot;, &quot;2%&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]70%[/red] is correct because oceans, seas, rivers, and lakes cover [blue]approximately 70% of Earth&#39;s surface[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]70%[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زمین کی سطح کا تقریباً [blue]70 فیصد حصہ پانی پر مشتمل[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What percentage of the Earth&#39;s surface is covered by land?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین کی سطح کا کتنے فیصد حصہ خشکی (land) پر مشتمل ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;70%&quot;, &quot;98%&quot;, &quot;30%&quot;, &quot;12%&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]30%[/red] is correct because continents and islands make up the remaining [blue]30% of the terrestrial surface[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]30%[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زمین کا باقی ماندہ [blue]30 فیصد حصہ خشکی (land)[/blue] پر مشتمل ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;According to world water distribution, what percentage is salt water?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دنیا میں پانی کی تقسیم کے مطابق کتنے فیصد پانی نمکین (salt water) ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2%&quot;, &quot;30%&quot;, &quot;70%&quot;, &quot;98%&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]98%[/red] is correct because saline water in oceans and seas accounts for [blue]around 98% of all global water[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]98%[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دنیا کے کل پانی کا تقریباً [blue]98 فیصد حصہ نمکین پانی (salt water)[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What percentage of the world&#39;s water distribution is fresh water?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دنیا میں کتنا فیصد پینے کے قابل فریش واٹر (fresh water) موجود ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2%&quot;, &quot;12%&quot;, &quot;87%&quot;, &quot;98%&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]2%[/red] is correct because only [blue]2% of Earth&#39;s total water reserves[/blue] constitute non-saline fresh water.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]2%[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دنیا میں پینے کے قابل میٹھے پانی کا تناسب [blue]صرف 2 فیصد (fresh water)[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Out of 2% fresh water, what percentage is stored in the form of ice?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;2 فیصد فریش واٹر میں سے کتنا فیصد برف (ice) کی شکل میں موجود ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;12%&quot;, &quot;87%&quot;, &quot;1%&quot;, &quot;70%&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]87%[/red] is correct because the vast majority of fresh water is [blue]frozen in polar ice caps and glaciers (87%)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]87%[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 2 فیصد میٹھے پانی کا [blue]87 فیصد حصہ برف اور گلیشیئرز کی شکل میں[/blue] محفوظ ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Out of 2% fresh water, what percentage is present as groundwater?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;2 فیصد فریش واٹر میں سے کتنا فیصد گراؤنڈ واٹر (groundwater) کی شکل میں ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;87%&quot;, &quot;1%&quot;, &quot;2%&quot;, &quot;12%&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]12%[/red] is correct because subterranean aquifers and soil moisture represent [blue]12% of the world&#39;s fresh water[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]12%[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ میٹھے پانی کا [blue]12 فیصد حصہ زیرِ زمین پانی (groundwater)[/blue] کی صورت میں ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Out of 2% fresh water, what percentage is found in rivers and lakes?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;2 فیصد فریش واٹر میں سے کتنا فیصد ندیوں اور جھیلوں (river and lake) میں ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;87%&quot;, &quot;12%&quot;, &quot;1%&quot;, &quot;2%&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]1%[/red] is correct because accessible surface water in rivers and freshwater lakes makes up [blue]only 1% of total fresh water[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]1%[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ندیوں اور جھیلوں میں میٹھے پانی کا [blue]صرف 1 فیصد حصہ[/blue] موجود ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What substance is described as essential to life?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زندگی کے لیے کون سی شے لازمی (essential to life) بتائی گئی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Oil&quot;, &quot;Water&quot;, &quot;Ice&quot;, &quot;Salt&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Water[/red] is correct because biological hydration and metabolic reactions require [blue]water as an essential solvent for life[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پانی (Water)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ تمام جانداروں کی بقا کے لیے [blue]پانی لازمی ترین جزو[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Drinking, bathing, cleaning, cooking, and washing are examples of water used for what purposes?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پینا، نہانا، صفائی، کھانا پکانا اور دھونا پانی کے کس استعمال کی مثالیں ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Industrial purposes&quot;, &quot;Agricultural purposes&quot;, &quot;Domestic purposes&quot;, &quot;Commercial purposes&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Domestic purposes[/red] is correct because household chores and personal hygiene represent [blue]domestic water usage[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گھریلو استعمال (Domestic purposes)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ یہ تمام کام روزمرہ کے [blue]گھریلو استعمالات[/blue] کے زمرے میں آتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Besides domestic purposes, is water needed for agriculture and industry?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گھریلو استعمال کے علاوہ، کیا پانی زراعت اور صنعت (agriculture and industry) کے لیے بھی ضروری ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Yes, water is needed&quot;, &quot;No, water is not needed&quot;, &quot;Only for industry&quot;, &quot;Only during winters&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Yes, water is needed[/red] is correct because crop irrigation and manufacturing heavily depend on [blue]abundant freshwater supplies[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]جی ہاں، پانی کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فصلیں اگانے اور صنعتوں میں اشیاء بنانے کے لیے [blue]پانی ناگزیر ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What increases water demand, leading to water shortages if not used carefully?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کس چیز کا اضافہ پانی کی مانگ کو بڑھا رہا ہے جس سے پانی کی قلت کا سامنا ہو سکتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Ice melting&quot;, &quot;Salt water&quot;, &quot;Rivers&quot;, &quot;Increasing population&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Increasing population[/red] is correct because rapid demographic expansion drives up [blue]global demand for fresh water[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]بڑھتی ہوئی آبادی (Increasing population)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آبادی میں اضافے سے [blue]پانی کی کھپت میں تیزی سے اضافہ[/blue] ہو رہا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is already a challenge in certain areas of the world?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دنیا کے مختلف علاقوں میں کیا چیز پہلے سے ایک بڑا چیلنج بنی ہوئی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Excessive fresh water&quot;, &quot;Water scarcity&quot;, &quot;Too much rainfall&quot;, &quot;Ice overflow&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Water scarcity[/red] is correct because acute shortage of potable water ([blue]water scarcity[/blue]) already severely impacts many arid regions.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پانی کی قلت (Water scarcity)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دنیا کے بہت سے علاقوں میں [blue]پانی کی نایابی اور قلت[/blue] ایک سنگین چیلنج بن چکی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Water Shortage In Pakistan&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In many areas of Pakistan, what do people NOT have access to for their basic needs?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پاکستان کے کئی علاقوں میں لوگوں کو بنیادی ضروریات کے لیے کس چیز تک رسائی حاصل نہیں ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Salt water&quot;, &quot;Safe and clean water&quot;, &quot;River ice&quot;, &quot;Rain water&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Safe and clean water[/red] is correct because contamination and shortages deprive millions of [blue]access to safe drinking water[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]صاف اور محفوظ پانی تک (Safe and clean water)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کئی علاقوں میں لوگوں کو [blue]صاف پانی میسر نہیں[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What do people in water-scarce areas of Pakistan have to do to reach a water source?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پانی کا ذریعہ حاصل کرنے کے لیے ان علاقوں کے لوگوں کو کیا کرنا پڑتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Travel for a long distance&quot;, &quot;Stay at home&quot;, &quot;Drink salt water&quot;, &quot;Freeze river water&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Travel for a long distance[/red] is correct because women and children often must [blue]travel several kilometers daily to fetch water[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لمبا فاصلہ طے کرنا پڑتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پانی لانے کے لیے روزانہ [blue]کئی کلومیٹر طویل سفر[/blue] کرنا پڑتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Ten Facts About Water Scarcity&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;According to the report, which organizations provided these water shortage facts?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پانی کی قلت سے متعلق یہ حقائق کن اداروں کی رپورٹ کے مطابق ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;World Bank, UNICEF, United Nations&quot;, &quot;NASA and WHO&quot;, &quot;UNESCO and IMF&quot;, &quot;WWF only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]World Bank, UNICEF, United Nations[/red] is correct because the cited global statistical data was published by [blue]the World Bank, UNICEF, and the UN[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ورلڈ بینک، یونیسیف اور اقوام متحدہ[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ یہ مستند حقائق [blue]ورلڈ بینک، یونیسیف اور اقوام متحدہ[/blue] کی رپورٹس پر مبنی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the expected percentage increase in water consumption from now to 2050?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اب سے لے کر 2050 تک پانی کے استعمال میں کتنے فیصد اضافے کا تخمینہ ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;10%&quot;, &quot;30%&quot;, &quot;70%&quot;, &quot;90%&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]30%[/red] is correct because global economic and population growth is projected to [blue]increase water consumption by 30% by 2050[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]30%[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 2050 تک پانی کی کھپت میں [blue]30 فیصد اضافے کا امکان[/blue] ظاہر کیا گیا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many people do NOT have direct access to drinking water?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کتنے لوگوں کو پینے کے پانی تک بلاواسطہ رسائی حاصل نہیں ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;300 million&quot;, &quot;1 billion&quot;, &quot;2.1 billion&quot;, &quot;500 million&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]2.1 billion[/red] is correct because UN reports indicate that [blue]2.1 billion people worldwide lack safe, managed drinking water[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]2.1 ارب (2.1 billion)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دنیا میں تقریباً [blue]2.1 ارب افراد کو پینے کے صاف پانی تک براہ راست رسائی حاصل نہیں[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What percentage of natural disasters is caused by water?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کتنے فیصد قدرتی آفات پانی کی وجہ سے آتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;30%&quot;, &quot;48%&quot;, &quot;70%&quot;, &quot;90%&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]90%[/red] is correct because water-related events like floods, storms, and droughts cause [blue]90% of major natural disasters[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]90%[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سیلاب اور قحط جیسی [blue]90 فیصد قدرتی آفات کا تعلق پانی سے[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What percentage of water is wasted each day by the world&#39;s water pipelines?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دنیا کی واٹر پائپ لائنز کے ذریعے روزانہ کتنا فیصد پانی ضائع ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;30%&quot;, &quot;70%&quot;, &quot;90%&quot;, &quot;48%&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]30%[/red] is correct because infrastructure leaks and burst pipes result in [blue]around 30% water wastage daily[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]30%[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پائپ لائنز کے رسنے سے روزانہ تقریباً [blue]30 فیصد پانی ضائع[/blue] ہو جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What percentage of the world&#39;s available water does agriculture use each year?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زراعت (Agriculture) ہر سال دستیاب پانی کا کتنا فیصد استعمال کرتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;30%&quot;, &quot;48%&quot;, &quot;70%&quot;, &quot;90%&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]70%[/red] is correct because global agricultural irrigation claims [blue]70% of total freshwater withdrawals[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]70%[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دنیا کے دستیاب میٹھے پانی کا [blue]70 فیصد حصہ زراعت میں استعمال[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many people have their drinking water provided by desalination plants?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کتنے لوگوں کو پینے کا پانی ڈی سیلینیشن پلانٹس (desalination plants) سے ملتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2.1 billion&quot;, &quot;70 million&quot;, &quot;1 billion&quot;, &quot;300 million&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]300 million[/red] is correct because seawater desalination technology currently serves [blue]approximately 300 million people[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]300 ملین (300 million)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سمندری پانی کو میٹھا بنانے والے پلانٹس سے [blue]300 ملین افراد کو پانی ملتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What percentage of dams around the world is used for irrigation?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دنیا بھر کے کتنے فیصد ڈیم آبپاشی (irrigation) کے لیے استعمال ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;30%&quot;, &quot;48%&quot;, &quot;70%&quot;, &quot;90%&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]48%[/red] is correct because nearly half ([blue]48% of global dams[/blue]) are dedicated specifically to agricultural irrigation.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]48%[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دنیا بھر کے تقریباً [blue]48 فیصد ڈیم فصلوں کی آبپاشی[/blue] کے لیے استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are sprinkler and drip irrigation systems designed to do?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اسپرنکلر اور ڈرپ اریگیشن سسٹمز (sprinkler and drip irrigation systems) کس مقصد کے لیے بنائے گئے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Waste water freely&quot;, &quot;Save water without getting wasted&quot;, &quot;Increase evaporation&quot;, &quot;Freeze crop soil&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Save water without getting wasted[/red] is correct because micro-irrigation maximizes efficiency and [blue]saves water from wasteful runoff and evaporation[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پانی کو بغیر ضائع کیے بچانے کے لیے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ یہ جدید طریقے [blue]پانی کے ضیاع کو روک کر بچت[/blue] فراہم کرتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In drip and sprinkler irrigation, where does the water reach directly?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اسپرنکلر اور ڈرپ اریگیشن میں پانی براہِ راست کہاں پہنچایا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;To the stems only&quot;, &quot;To the air&quot;, &quot;Directly to the roots&quot;, &quot;On the surrounding fence&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Directly to the roots[/red] is correct because emitters channel water [blue]directly to the root zone of crops[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]براہِ راست جڑوں تک (Directly to the roots)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ان طریقوں سے پانی [blue]سیدھا پودوں کی جڑوں تک[/blue] پہنچتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If water is NOT applied directly to the roots, how does most of the water get wasted?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر پانی براہِ راست جڑوں تک نہ پہنچے تو زیادہ تر پانی کس عمل میں ضائع ہو جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Wasted in evaporation&quot;, &quot;Wasted in freezing&quot;, &quot;Saved in dams&quot;, &quot;Converted into salt&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Wasted in evaporation[/red] is correct because surface pooling in hot climates causes heavy [blue]losses to atmospheric evaporation[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]بخارات بننے میں ضائع ہو جاتا ہے (Evaporation)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کھلی سطح پر پانی [blue]ایواپریشن (عملِ تبخیر) کے ذریعے ضائع[/blue] ہو جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Do You Know?&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;By how much can drip irrigation reduce water use compared to a conventional sprinkler?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;روایتی اسپرنکلر کے مقابلے میں ڈرپ اریگیشن (drip irrigation) پانی کے استعمال میں کتنی کمی لا سکتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;10 to 20 percent&quot;, &quot;30 to 70 percent&quot;, &quot;80 to 90 percent&quot;, &quot;5 to 10 percent&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]30 to 70 percent[/red] is correct because targeted droplet delivery saves [blue]between 30% and 70% of irrigation water[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]30 سے 70 فیصد تک (30 to 70 percent)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ڈرپ اریگیشن روایتی طریقوں کے مقابلے میں [blue]30 سے 70 فیصد پانی بچاتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Preservation Of Food&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does preserving food mean?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;خوراک کو محفوظ کرنے (preserving food) کا کیا مطلب ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Preventing it from spoilage&quot;, &quot;Cooking it quickly&quot;, &quot;Wasting it in soil&quot;, &quot;Freezing water&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Preventing it from spoilage[/red] is correct because preservation methods inhibit microbial growth to [blue]prevent food spoilage and extend shelf life[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اسے خراب ہونے سے بچانا (Preventing from spoilage)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فوڈ پریزرویشن کا مقصد خوراک کو [blue]سڑنے اور بیکٹیریا سے خراب ہونے سے بچانا[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How long have humans been preserving food?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;انسان کتنے عرصے سے خوراک کو محفوظ کر رہے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;For 10 years only&quot;, &quot;For thousands of years&quot;, &quot;For a few days&quot;, &quot;For 100 years only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]For thousands of years[/red] is correct because ancient civilizations have practiced drying, salting, and fermenting [blue]for thousands of years[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہزاروں سالوں سے (For thousands of years)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ انسان قدیم دور یعنی [blue]ہزاروں سال پہلے سے خوراک محفوظ کرتا آ رہا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Who do some historians believe food preservation started from?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;بعض مؤرخین کے خیال میں خوراک کو محفوظ کرنے کی شروعات کہاں سے ہوئی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Modern scientists&quot;, &quot;Industrial workers&quot;, &quot;Cave man&quot;, &quot;Factory owners&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Cave man[/red] is correct because early prehistoric hunter-gatherers ([blue]cave men[/blue]) dried meat and berries to survive harsh seasons.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]غار کے انسان سے (Cave man)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مؤرخین کے مطابق اس کی شروعات [blue]قدیم غار کے انسان[/blue] نے کی تھی۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Mastering food preservation led mankind to settle down from nomadic wanderers into what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;خوراک کے تحفظ پر عبور نے انسان کو خانہ بدوشوں سے کس میں تبدیل ہونے میں مدد دی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Hunters&quot;, &quot;Traders&quot;, &quot;Sailors&quot;, &quot;Farmers&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Farmers[/red] is correct because storing harvested surplus allowed humans to transition from nomads into [blue]settled agricultural farmers[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کسانوں میں (Farmers)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ خوراک کے ذخیرے نے انسان کو خانہ بدوش کے بجائے [blue]مستقل آباد کسان[/blue] بننے میں مدد دی۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Where can food preservation be found on the planet?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین پر خوراک کو محفوظ کرنے کے طریقے کہاں پائے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;In cold countries only&quot;, &quot;In every culture on the planet&quot;, &quot;In modern cities only&quot;, &quot;In deserts only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]In every culture on the planet[/red] is correct because food storage and preservation techniques evolved [blue]universally across all human cultures[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زمین کی ہر تہذیب میں (In every culture)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ خوراک کو محفوظ رکھنا [blue]دنیا کی ہر انسانی تہذیب کا لازمی حصہ[/blue] رہا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What has our long history of preserving food resulted in to keep food around longer?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;خوراک کو طویل عرصے تک خراب ہونے سے بچانے کے لیے ہماری تاریخ نے کیا فراہم کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Wide variety of time-tested ways&quot;, &quot;Poisonous chemicals&quot;, &quot;Fast evaporation&quot;, &quot;Artificial ice&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Wide variety of time-tested ways[/red] is correct because centuries of experience produced a [blue]diverse toolkit of reliable food preservation methods[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]آزمودہ اور متنوع طریقے (Time-tested ways)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ طویل تاریخ کے نتیجے میں ہمیں خوراک بچانے کے [blue]بہترین آزمودہ طریقے[/blue] ملے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the most common methods of preserving food at home today?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;آج کل گھر پر خوراک کو محفوظ کرنے کے سب سے عام طریقے کون سے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Canning, freezing and drying&quot;, &quot;Burning and boiling&quot;, &quot;Melting and evaporating&quot;, &quot;Washing and filtering&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Canning, freezing and drying[/red] is correct because modern domestic households most frequently rely on [blue]canning jars, freezers, and dehydration[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیننگ، فریزنگ اور ڈرائینگ[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گھریلو سطح پر خوراک محفوظ کرنے کے لیے [blue]کیننگ، فریزنگ اور خشک کرنا[/blue] سب سے عام ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Canning&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In canning, what is done to the food after heating it at a specified temperature for a certain time?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیننگ (Canning) کے عمل میں خوراک کو مخصوص وقت تک گرم کرنے کے بعد کیا کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Placed under cold water&quot;, &quot;Vacuum sealed in special glass jars&quot;, &quot;Dried in an open field&quot;, &quot;Mixed with salt water&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Vacuum sealed in special glass jars[/red] is correct because heat-sterilized food is [blue]vacuum-sealed in airtight jars[/blue] to exclude oxygen and microbes.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]شیشے کے خاص جار میں ویکیوم سیل کرنا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جراثیم ختم کرنے کے بعد خوراک کو [blue]ہوا بند شیشے کے جار میں سیل[/blue] کیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Canning works for which of the following foods?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیننگ (Canning) کا طریقہ کن خوراک کی اشیاء کے لیے کارآمد ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Fruits and vegetables&quot;, &quot;Meats and seafood&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;, &quot;Ice and water only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because canning is universally suitable for [blue]fruits, vegetables, meats, and seafood[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کیننگ کے ذریعے [blue]پھل، سبزیاں، گوشت اور سی فوڈ سب[/blue] کو محفوظ کیا جا سکتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Freezing&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following foods can be frozen for preservation?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کن اشیائے خورونوش کو فریز کر کے محفوظ کیا جا سکتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Fruits, vegetables, meats, seafood&quot;, &quot;Nuts, grains, dairy and eggs&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;, &quot;Only salt water&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because freezing effectively preserves [blue]produce, meats, seafood, grains, dairy, and eggs[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ [blue]پھل، سبزیاں، گوشت، ڈیری، انڈے اور اناج[/blue] سب کو فریز کر کے محفوظ رکھا جا سکتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;To freeze foods properly, to what temperature must they be chilled at least?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;خوراک کو بہتر طور پر فریز کرنے کے لیے اسے کم از کم کس ٹمپریچر تک ٹھنڈا کرنا ضروری ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;0 Celsius&quot;, &quot;-18 Celsius&quot;, &quot;100 Celsius&quot;, &quot;-5 Celsius&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]-18 Celsius[/red] is correct because the international standard for deep freezing is [blue]-18°C (0°F) or colder[/blue] to arrest bacterial activity.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]-18 ڈگری سیلسیس (-18 Celsius)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ خوراک کو مکمل محفوظ کرنے کے لیے اسے کم از کم [blue]-18°C تک منجمد[/blue] کیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are deep freezers used for regarding food items?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;خوراک کے لیے ڈیپ فریزرز (deep freezers) کا کیا استعمال ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Heating food items&quot;, &quot;Freezing food items&quot;, &quot;Boiling food items&quot;, &quot;Washing food items&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Freezing food items[/red] is correct because deep freezers maintain sub-zero temperatures specifically for [blue]long-term food freezing[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]خوراک کو منجمد کرنے کے لیے (Freezing)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ڈیپ فریزرز کا بنیادی مقصد [blue]کھانے کی اشیاء کو فریز کر کے محفوظ رکھنا[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Drying&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the process of dehydrating (removing moisture) foods called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;خوراک کو ڈی ہائیڈریٹ کرنے (رطوبت یا نمی دور کرنے) کے عمل کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Freezing&quot;, &quot;Drying&quot;, &quot;Pasteurising&quot;, &quot;Boiling&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Drying[/red] is correct because the dehydration and extraction of water content from food is known as [blue]drying (desiccation)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ڈرائینگ یعنی خشک کرنا (Drying)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ خوراک سے پانی یا نمی کو مکمل طور پر ختم کرنے کے عمل کو [blue]ڈرائینگ[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Moisture is removed in drying until there is not enough moisture to support the growth of what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ڈرائینگ میں نمی کو کس چیز کی افزائش روکنے کے لیے ختم کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Growth of microorganism&quot;, &quot;Ice crystals&quot;, &quot;Vacuum pressure&quot;, &quot;Heat energy&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Growth of microorganism[/red] is correct because bacteria, yeasts, and moulds need water to multiply; removing it [blue]stops microorganism growth[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مائیکرو آرگنزم کی افزائش (Growth of microorganism)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نمی نہ ہونے کی وجہ سے [blue]بیکٹیریا اور جراثیم پیدا نہیں ہو سکتے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following foods can be dried for preservation?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کن اشیائے خورونوش کو خشک (dried) کیا جا سکتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Fruits, vegetables, meats, seafood&quot;, &quot;Grains, legumes and nuts&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;, &quot;Ice and water&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because dehydration is suitable for [blue]produce, meats, seafood, grains, pulses, and nuts[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ [blue]پھل، سبزیاں، گوشت، اناج اور دالیں[/blue] تمام کو سکھا کر محفوظ کیا جا سکتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Fermenting&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does fermenting food mean?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;خوراک کو فرمنٹ (fermented) کرنے کا کیا مطلب ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Good bacteria is encouraged to grow against bad bacteria&quot;, &quot;Removing all moisture completely&quot;, &quot;Chilling to -18 Celsius&quot;, &quot;Boiling in vacuum&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Good bacteria is encouraged to grow against bad bacteria[/red] is correct because fermentation uses [blue]beneficial microbes (probiotics) to outcompete pathogens[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مفید بیکٹیریا کی افزائش کر کے برے بیکٹیریا کو روکنا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فرمنٹیشن میں [blue]اچھے بیکٹیریا کی مدد سے خوراک کو محفوظ[/blue] بنایا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is an example of fermented products?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے فرمنٹڈ پروڈکٹس (fermented products) کی مثال کون سی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sauerkraut (from cabbage)&quot;, &quot;Cured sausage&quot;, &quot;Yogurt (from milk)&quot;, &quot;All of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All of the above[/red] is correct because sauerkraut, fermented sausages, and yogurt are all [blue]staple fermented foods[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ تمام (All of the above)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ [blue]سوئرکراؤٹ، سوسج اور دہی[/blue] سب فرمنٹیشن کے ذریعے تیار ہوتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What fermented product is made from cabbage?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;بند گوبھی (cabbage) سے کون سی فرمنٹڈ پروڈکٹ بنائی جاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Yogurt&quot;, &quot;Sauerkraut&quot;, &quot;Cured sausage&quot;, &quot;Milk&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Sauerkraut[/red] is correct because finely cut cabbage fermented by lactic acid bacteria is called [blue]sauerkraut[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سوئرکراؤٹ (Sauerkraut)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بند گوبھی کو فرمنٹ کر کے [blue]سوئرکراؤٹ[/blue] نامی ڈش بنائی جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Pickling&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In pickling, what is the food soaked in to preserve it?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پکلنگ (Pickling / اچار بنانے) میں خوراک کو کس محلول میں بھگویا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solution containing salt and acid (vinegar or lemon juice)&quot;, &quot;Pure warm water&quot;, &quot;Hot boiling oil only&quot;, &quot;Ice liquid&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solution containing salt and acid (vinegar or lemon juice)[/red] is correct because brine and acidic liquids [blue]create an inhospitable environment for spoilage microbes[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نمک اور تیزاب (سرکہ یا لیموں کا رس) کے محلول میں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ یہ محلول [blue]جراثیم کو پیدا ہونے سے روکتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;With how many types of foods can pickling be done?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پکلنگ (Pickling) کا طریقہ کتنی قسم کی خوراک پر استعمال ہو سکتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;With cabbage only&quot;, &quot;With a wide variety of foods&quot;, &quot;With dairy products only&quot;, &quot;With seafood only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]With a wide variety of foods[/red] is correct because vegetables, fruits, eggs, and meats can all be [blue]preserved by pickling[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مختلف قسم کی وسیع خوراک پر (Wide variety of foods)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پکلنگ کا طریقہ [blue]بہت سی مختلف خوراکوں پر[/blue] آزمایا جا سکتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Dry Salting&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which old-fashioned method was used in the early twentieth century as an alternative to canning?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;بیسویں صدی کے آغاز میں کیننگ (canning) کے متبادل کے طور پر کون سا طریقہ (old-fashioned method) استعمال ہوتا تھا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Freezing&quot;, &quot;Dry Salting&quot;, &quot;Pasteurising&quot;, &quot;Boiling&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Dry Salting[/red] is correct because coating food in granular salt ([blue]dry salting[/blue]) drew out moisture prior to widespread home canning.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ڈرائی سالٹنگ (Dry Salting)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بیسویں صدی کے آغاز میں [blue]ڈرائی سالٹنگ کا روایتی طریقہ[/blue] کیننگ کے متبادل کے طور پر استعمال ہوتا تھا۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Curing&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What complex method of preservation requires a special technique?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;تحفظ کا کون سا پیچیدہ طریقہ (complex method) ایک خاص تکنیک کا تقاضا کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Freezing&quot;, &quot;Drying&quot;, &quot;Curing&quot;, &quot;Boiling&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Curing[/red] is correct because [blue]curing meat and fish[/blue] involves precise proportions of salt, nitrates, and moisture/temperature controls.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیورنگ (Curing)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کیورنگ ایک ایسا پیچیدہ طریقہ ہے جس کے لیے [blue]خاص سائنسی تکنیک[/blue] کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What ingredients are used in curing, which is similar to pickling?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیورنگ (Curing) میں کون سے اجزاء استعمال ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Salt, acid and nitrates&quot;, &quot;Pure water and ice&quot;, &quot;Sugar and yeast&quot;, &quot;Oil and milk&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Salt, acid and nitrates[/red] is correct because curing agents combine [blue]sodium chloride, organic acids, and nitrites/nitrates[/blue] to inhibit botulism.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نمک، تیزاب اور نائٹریٹس (Salt, acid and nitrates)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کیورنگ میں [blue]نمک، تیزاب اور نائٹریٹس[/blue] کا ملاپ استعمال ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Curing is used specifically for preserving which foods?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیورنگ (Curing) کا طریقہ خاص طور پر کن اشیاء کو محفوظ کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Fruits and vegetables&quot;, &quot;Meat and fish&quot;, &quot;Grains and legumes&quot;, &quot;Eggs and dairy&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Meat and fish[/red] is correct because curing is uniquely tailored for [blue]preserving animal proteins like meat and fish[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گوشت اور مچھلی (Meat and fish)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کیورنگ کا طریقہ خاص طور پر [blue]گوشت اور مچھلی[/blue] کو خراب ہونے سے بچانے کے لیے ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which preservation method is described as similar to pickling?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;خوراک کو محفوظ کرنے کا کون سا طریقہ پکلنگ (pickling) سے ملتا جلتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Freezing&quot;, &quot;Curing&quot;, &quot;Drying&quot;, &quot;Canning&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Curing[/red] is correct because both curing and pickling rely on [blue]salt and acidic chemical preservation mechanisms[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیورنگ (Curing)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کیورنگ کا طریقہ اجزاء کے لحاظ سے [blue]پکلنگ سے مشابہت رکھتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Do You Know?&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Who was the French chemist and microbiologist who first found out that heating at a certain temperature makes food microbe free?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کس فرانسیسی کیمسٹ اور مائیکرو بائیولوجسٹ نے سب سے پہلے دریافت کیا کہ مخصوص ٹمپریچر پر گرم کرنے سے خوراک جراثیم سے پاک (microbe free) ہو جاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;James Joule&quot;, &quot;Louis Pasteur&quot;, &quot;Isaac Newton&quot;, &quot;Alexander Fleming&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Louis Pasteur[/red] is correct because [blue]Louis Pasteur[/blue] demonstrated that controlled thermal heating eliminates pathogenic bacteria in milk and wine.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لوئی پاسچر (Louis Pasteur)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ لوئی پاسچر نے سب سے پہلے ثابت کیا کہ [blue]مخصوص درجہ حرارت پر گرم کرنے سے جراثیم مر جاتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What food preservation technique was named after Louis Pasteur?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لوئی پاسچر کے نام پر کس تکنیک کا نام رکھا گیا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Technique of pasteurization&quot;, &quot;Fermentation&quot;, &quot;Freezing&quot;, &quot;Pickling&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Technique of pasteurization[/red] is correct because thermal pasteurization is directly named in honour of [blue]Louis Pasteur[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پیسچرائزیشن کی تکنیک (Technique of pasteurization)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ یہ تکنیک [blue]لوئی پاسچر کے نام سے منسوب[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What changes occur in vegetables during the pickling process?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پکلنگ (Pickling) کے دوران سبزیوں میں کون سی تبدیلیاں رونما ہوتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Discoloration in the vegetables&quot;, &quot;Change of taste and flavour&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;, &quot;No change at all&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because acid brine causes [blue]slight discoloration along with a distinct tangy taste and flavour shift[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پکلنگ سے سبزیوں کی [blue]رنگت، ذائقہ اور خوشبو سب بدل جاتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How long will food preserved by pickling last?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پکلنگ کے ذریعے محفوظ کی گئی خوراک کتنے عرصے تک قائم رہتی (last) ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Last for hours only&quot;, &quot;It will last for months&quot;, &quot;Last for 1 day only&quot;, &quot;Last for 100 years&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]It will last for months[/red] is correct because high acidity and salt content preserve pickled foods safely for [blue]many months[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مہینوں تک قائم رہتی ہے (Will last for months)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اچار بنا کر محفوظ کی گئی خوراک [blue]کئی مہینوں تک قابلِ استعمال[/blue] رہتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Stethoscope&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What instrument is used by doctors to listen to the heart beat of their patients?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ڈاکٹرز اپنے مریضوں کے دل کی دھڑکن (heart beat) سننے کے لیے کون سا آلہ استعمال کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Microscope&quot;, &quot;Thermometer&quot;, &quot;Stethoscope&quot;, &quot;Telescope&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Stethoscope[/red] is correct because a [blue]stethoscope acoustic device[/blue] allows medical doctors to auscultate heart and lung sounds.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سٹیتھوسکوپ (Stethoscope)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ڈاکٹر دل کی دھڑکن اور سینے کی آوازیں سننے کے لیے [blue]سٹیتھوسکوپ[/blue] استعمال کرتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How can we make our simple stethoscope?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہم اپنا سادہ سٹیتھوسکوپ (simple stethoscope) کیسے تیار کر سکتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;By using some very simple materials&quot;, &quot;Only in specialized factories&quot;, &quot;Using heavy metals only&quot;, &quot;By using computer chips&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]By using some very simple materials[/red] is correct because an acoustic stethoscope model can be assembled from [blue]basic everyday household items[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]انتہائی سادہ مٹیریل استعمال کر کے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سادہ اشیاء جیسے فنل اور ٹیوب کی مدد سے [blue]ورکنگ سٹیتھوسکوپ بنایا جا سکتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following materials is needed to make a simple stethoscope?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سادہ سٹیتھوسکوپ بنانے کے لیے درج ذیل میں سے کن مٹیریلز کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Two small funnels&quot;, &quot;One two feet-long plastic tube (colorless)&quot;, &quot;Two medium-sized balloons&quot;, &quot;All of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All of the above[/red] is correct because the DIY model uses [blue]two funnels, clear tubing, and stretched balloon diaphragms[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ تمام (All of the above)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اس ماڈل کے لیے [blue]فنلز، پلاسٹک ٹیوب اور غبارے[/blue] سب استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What specific size and type of plastic tube is needed for making the stethoscope?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سٹیتھوسکوپ بنانے کے لیے کس سائز اور قسم کی پلاسٹک ٹیوب درکار ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;One two feet-long plastic tube (colorless)&quot;, &quot;Ten feet long metal pipe&quot;, &quot;Red colored short rubber hose&quot;, &quot;Five feet glass tube&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]One two feet-long plastic tube (colorless)[/red] is correct because [blue]a two-foot colorless plastic tube[/blue] provides the acoustic conduit.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک دو فٹ لمبی بے رنگ پلاسٹک ٹیوب[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آواز کو منتقل کرنے کے لیے [blue]دو فٹ لمبی بے رنگ پلاسٹک ٹیوب[/blue] استعمال ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a self-made stethoscope a way to learn about?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;خود بنایا گیا سٹیتھوسکوپ (self-made stethoscope) کس چیز کے بارے میں سیکھنے کا ذریعہ ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;How heart rates are different for different people&quot;, &quot;How to measure body weight&quot;, &quot;How water expands when frozen&quot;, &quot;How temperature changes in air&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]How heart rates are different for different people[/red] is correct because it demonstrates [blue]cardiovascular variation and pulse differences among individuals[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مختلف لوگوں میں دل کی دھڑکن کے فرق کے بارے میں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ یہ تجربہ بتاتا ہے کہ [blue]ہر فرد کے دل کی دھڑکن مختلف ہو سکتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What can you count using a stethoscope and compare with your friends?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سٹیتھوسکوپ کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے آپ ایک منٹ میں کیا گن سکتے ہیں اور دوستوں سے موازنہ کر سکتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Number of steps in a day&quot;, &quot;Number of times your heart beats in one minute&quot;, &quot;Number of breaths per hour&quot;, &quot;Body temperature reading&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Number of times your heart beats in one minute[/red] is correct because you can measure and compare [blue]beats per minute (BPM)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک منٹ میں دل کے دھڑکنے کی تعداد[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سٹیتھوسکوپ سے [blue]فی منٹ دل کی دھڑکن (BPM)[/blue] گنی جا سکتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Sanitizer&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why do people nowadays use hand sanitizers?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لوگ آج کل ہینڈ سینیٹائزر کیوں استعمال کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;To prevent themselves from germs and stay protected from corona virus&quot;, &quot;To change skin color&quot;, &quot;To wash clothes easily&quot;, &quot;To cool body temperature&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]To prevent themselves from germs and stay protected from corona virus[/red] is correct because sanitizers [blue]disinfect hands and reduce viral transmission[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]جراثیم اور کورونا وائرس سے بچنے کے لیے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سینیٹائزر [blue]جراثیم مار کر بیماریوں سے حفاظت[/blue] فراہم کرتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the main difference between soap/water and a hand sanitizer?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;صابن اور پانی کے مقابلے میں سینیٹائزر کا کیا خاص کام ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Both freeze germs&quot;, &quot;Soap kills germs, sanitizer freezes skin&quot;, &quot;Soap removes germs, sanitizer kills germs from skin&quot;, &quot;Neither affects germs&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Soap removes germs, sanitizer kills germs from skin[/red] is correct because soap mechanically washes microbes away, whereas alcohol [blue]chemically inactivates/kills microbes in place[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]صابن جراثیم کو ہٹاتا ہے جبکہ سینیٹائزر انہیں ختم کرتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سینیٹائزر [blue]جلد پر موجود جراثیموں کو موقع پر مار دیتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What functions do the two essential ingredients in a homemade sanitizer serve?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گھر میں تیار سینیٹائزر کے دو بنیادی اجزاء کیا کام کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Both for coloring&quot;, &quot;Both for freezing&quot;, &quot;Both for fragrance&quot;, &quot;One that kills germs and the other which is good for skin&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]One that kills germs and the other which is good for skin[/red] is correct because alcohol acts as the [blue]antimicrobial agent while aloe vera moisturizes the skin[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک جراثیم مارتا ہے اور دوسرا جلد کے لیے مفید ہوتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایک جزو (الکوحل) [blue]جراثیم کش[/blue] اور دوسرا (ایلوویرا) [blue]جلد کو نرم[/blue] رکھتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How much rubbing alcohol is required in the hand sanitizer recipe?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہینڈ سینیٹائزر بنانے کی ترکیب میں کتنا ربنگ الکوحل (rubbing alcohol) درکار ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;1/4 cup&quot;, &quot;2/3 cup&quot;, &quot;2 cups&quot;, &quot;5 drops&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]2/3 cup[/red] is correct because the DIY formulation specifies using [blue]2/3 cup of rubbing alcohol (ethanol/isopropanol)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]2/3 کپ (2/3 cup)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اس نسخے میں [blue]2/3 کپ ربنگ الکوحل[/blue] استعمال کی جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How much aloe vera gel is needed in the hand sanitizer recipe?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سینیٹائزر کی ترکیب میں ایلو ویرا جیل (aloe vera gel) کی کتنی مقدار چاہیے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;3/4 cup&quot;, &quot;1/3 cup&quot;, &quot;1 cup&quot;, &quot;10 drops&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]1/3 cup[/red] is correct because the mixture blends [blue]1/3 cup of soothing aloe vera gel[/blue] with the alcohol base.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]1/3 کپ (1/3 cup)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اس ترکیب میں [blue]1/3 کپ ایلو ویرا جیل[/blue] شامل کی جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many drops of essential oil (optional) are blended in?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سینیٹائزر میں ایسنشل آئل (essential oil) کے کتنے قطرے شامل کیے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;5-10 drops&quot;, &quot;100 drops&quot;, &quot;1 cup&quot;, &quot;1 drop only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]5-10 drops[/red] is correct because adding [blue]5 to 10 drops of essential oil[/blue] adds fragrance without diluting the alcohol potency.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]5 سے 10 قطرے (5-10 drops)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ خوشبو کے لیے اس میں [blue]5-10 قطرے ایسنشل آئل[/blue] ملائے جاتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;According to directions, what alcohol is mixed with aloe vera in a bowl thoroughly?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہدایات کے مطابق پیالے میں ایلو ویرا کے ساتھ کیا مکس کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Vinegar&quot;, &quot;Ethanol&quot;, &quot;Milk&quot;, &quot;Pure water&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Ethanol[/red] is correct because [blue]ethanol (ethyl alcohol)[/blue] is the disinfecting agent blended with aloe vera.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایتھنول (Ethanol)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پیالے میں ایلو ویرا کے ساتھ [blue]ایتھنول الکوحل[/blue] کو اچھی طرح مکس کیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In hand sanitizer ingredients, what is Ethanol used for?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہینڈ سینیٹائزر کے اجزاء میں ایتھنول (Ethanol) کس مقصد کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Kills germs&quot;, &quot;Moisturizes skin&quot;, &quot;Adds fragrance&quot;, &quot;Adds color&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Kills germs[/red] is correct because ethanol denatures microbial proteins, acting as the primary agent that [blue]kills germs[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]جراثیم مارنے کے لیے (Kills germs)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایتھنول کا بنیادی مقصد [blue]بیکٹیریا اور جراثیم کو ختم کرنا[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In hand sanitizer ingredients, what is Aloe vera gel used for?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سینیٹائزر کے اجزاء میں ایلو ویرا جیل (Aloe vera gel) کس لیے استعمال ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Kills germs&quot;, &quot;Good for skin&quot;, &quot;Adds alcohol&quot;, &quot;Freezing&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Good for skin[/red] is correct because aloe vera acts as an emollient that is [blue]good for skin and prevents drying[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]جلد کے لیے مفید ہونے کی وجہ سے (Good for skin)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایلو ویرا جیل [blue]جلد کو خشکی سے بچاتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In hand sanitizer ingredients, what is Essential oil used for?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سینیٹائزر کی ترکیب میں ایسنشل آئل (Essential oil) کس لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Kills germs&quot;, &quot;Good for skin&quot;, &quot;Fragrance&quot;, &quot;Cleansing&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Fragrance[/red] is correct because natural essential oils are included specifically to provide an [blue]appealing fragrance[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]خوشبو کے لیے (Fragrance)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایسنشل آئل کا استعمال [blue]خوشگوار خوشبو پیدا کرنے کے لیے[/blue] کیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Exercise&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the percentage of fresh water on Earth?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین پر فریش واٹر کی فیصد مقدار کتنے سے زیادہ نہیں ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2%&quot;, &quot;30%&quot;, &quot;20%&quot;, &quot;25%&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]2%[/red] is correct because fresh water comprises [blue]only 2% of Earth&#39;s total water[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]2%[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زمین پر پینے کے قابل فریش واٹر کا تناسب [blue]صرف 2 فیصد[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Drip irrigation system is useful for agriculture because it allows water to do what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ڈرپ اریگیشن سسٹم زراعت کے لیے مفید ہے کیونکہ یہ پانی کو کیا کرنے دیتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Spread equally&quot;, &quot;Reach the roots directly&quot;, &quot;Sprinkles watered&quot;, &quot;Evaporates&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Reach the roots directly[/red] is correct because micro-tubing channels water [blue]directly to crop roots[/blue], cutting evaporation loss.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]براہِ راست جڑوں تک پہنچاتا ہے (Reach the roots directly)[/red] درست ہے جس سے [blue]پانی کا ضیاع کم سے کم[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which one is NOT a way to preserve food?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کون سا طریقہ خوراک کو محفوظ کرنے کا طریقہ نہیں ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Freezing&quot;, &quot;Pickling&quot;, &quot;Curing&quot;, &quot;Garnishing&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Garnishing[/red] is correct because garnishing is simply decorative food presentation and [blue]does not preserve food[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گارنشنگ (Garnishing)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گارنشنگ سجاوٹ کا عمل ہے، [blue]خوراک محفوظ کرنے کا طریقہ نہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the best way to preserve vegetables among the given options?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سبزیوں کو محفوظ کرنے کا بہترین طریقہ کون سا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Salting&quot;, &quot;Drying&quot;, &quot;Curing&quot;, &quot;Pickling&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Pickling[/red] is correct because vinegar and brine pickling is the [blue]most effective and widespread method for preserving vegetables[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پکلنگ یعنی اچار بنانا (Pickling)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سبزیوں کے لیے [blue]پکلنگ سب سے بہترین اور مقبول طریقہ[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the instrument used by doctors for listening to heart beats called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ڈاکٹرز کے ذریعے دل کی دھڑکن سننے کے لیے استعمال ہونے والے آلے کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Stethoscope&quot;, &quot;Microscope&quot;, &quot;Periscope&quot;, &quot;Ophthalmoscope&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Stethoscope[/red] is correct because an acoustic medical device used to listen to internal heart sounds is a [blue]stethoscope[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سٹیتھوسکوپ (Stethoscope)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دل کی دھڑکن سننے والے طبی آلے کو [blue]سٹیتھوسکوپ[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is used for making a working model of a stethoscope?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سٹیتھوسکوپ کا ورکنگ ماڈل بنانے کے لیے درج ذیل میں سے کون سے اجزاء استعمال ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Funnels, plastic tube, balloons and duct tape&quot;, &quot;Funnels and duct tape only&quot;, &quot;Tubing and duct tape only&quot;, &quot;Balloons and duct tape only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Funnels, plastic tube, balloons and duct tape[/red] is correct because assembling the complete DIY acoustic model requires [blue]funnels, flexible tubing, balloons, and tape[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]فنلز، پلاسٹک ٹیوب، غبارے اور ڈکٹ ٹیپ[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ماڈل بنانے کے لیے [blue]ان تمام اشیاء کے ملاپ[/blue] کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Use of hand sanitizer helps in doing what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہینڈ سینیٹائزر کا استعمال کس میں مدد کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Killing germs from the skin and keeping it safe&quot;, &quot;Removing germs only&quot;, &quot;Keeping skin safe only&quot;, &quot;Keeping skin moisturized only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Killing germs from the skin and keeping it safe[/red] is correct because alcohol sanitizers rapidly [blue]kill skin pathogens and maintain hand hygiene[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]جلد سے جراثیم کو ختم کرنے اور اسے محفوظ رکھنے میں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سینیٹائزر [blue]جراثیم کو ہلاک کر کے حفاظت[/blue] فراہم کرتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In Pickling, food is soaked in what solution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پکلنگ (Pickling) کے عمل میں خوراک کو کس محلول میں بھگویا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Water&quot;, &quot;Oil&quot;, &quot;Solution of salt and acid&quot;, &quot;Solution of sugar and acid&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solution of salt and acid[/red] is correct because soaking food in a [blue]solution of salt and acid (vinegar/lemon juice)[/blue] preserves it.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نمک اور تیزاب کے محلول میں (Solution of salt and acid)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پکلنگ میں خوراک کو [blue]نمک اور سرکے کے آمیزے[/blue] میں رکھا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the process of food preservation in which good bacteria are allowed to grow against harmful bacteria called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;خوراک کی تحفظ کا وہ عمل جس میں جراثیم کے خلاف اچھے بیکٹیریا کو اگنے دیا جاتا ہے کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Fermentation&quot;, &quot;Dry salting&quot;, &quot;Pickling&quot;, &quot;Canning&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Fermentation[/red] is correct because [blue]fermentation[/blue] utilizes beneficial bacterial cultures to preserve food.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]فرمنٹیشن (Fermentation)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اس عمل میں [blue]مفید بیکٹیریا برے جراثیم کے خلاف کام کرتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does Pasteurization mean?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پیسچرائزیشن (Pasteurization) کا کیا مطلب ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Freezing at a certain temperature to keep food microbe free&quot;, &quot;Heating at a certain temperature to keep food microbe free&quot;, &quot;Drying at a certain temperature to keep food microbe free&quot;, &quot;Heating to change the colour of the food&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Heating at a certain temperature to keep food microbe free[/red] is correct because pasteurization uses [blue]controlled heat treatment to destroy pathogenic microbes[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مخصوص درجہ حرارت پر گرم کر کے جراثیم سے پاک کرنا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پیسچرائزیشن کا مطلب [blue]خوراک کو گرم کر کے جراثیم کش بنانا[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  }
                    ];

       
        // Configuration 
        const config = {
            headerImageUrl: &quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUABJ7d6gI73G6ZeKwAre7yIIsdybmUcW9aePuKAkYQsLYP1OE-0rxdVaiKsp0KqDqiSFoEgw-QZr-fXyACLuAeR3CnM-heaAzu5ThBGZVVs7antnUranD7Qk8yOnn1fV16gHVOTiQibH6FQGqMfFr5km_7j934gimem6FW99h9MAxbAgJNCMjtWijSA/s1600/7th%20Class%20General%20Science%20Unit%2011%20image.jpg&quot;,
            questionsPerPage: 10,
            
            // YAHAN AAP KA SPECIFIC BACKGROUND LINK LAGA DIYA HAI
            pdfBackgroundUrl: &quot;https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D22AQEeipTaShU2pg/feedshare-shrink_800/B4DZr3lbg8J4Ag-/0/1765090376076?e=1766620800&amp;v=beta&amp;t=jhdnVgeSHW5QsvbAbK719ygBmv_7sP76YE5CybbpcgY&quot;,
            
            shareImage: {
                width: 1200,
                height: 630,
                backgroundGradient: [&#39;#1e3c72&#39;, &#39;#2a5298&#39;],
                textColor: &#39;#ffffff&#39;,
                optionTextColor: &#39;#333333&#39;,
                correctAnswerColor: &#39;#28a745&#39;,
                borderRadius: 20,
                padding: 40,
                questionFontSize: 36,
                urduFontSize: 32,
                optionFontSize: 28,
                noticeFontSize: 24,
                correctAnswerFontSize: 28,
                overlayOpacity: 0.7
            }
        };

       

        let answersShown = false;
        let selectedOptions = {};
        let currentPage = 1;
        let speechSynthesis = window.speechSynthesis;
        let contentExpanded = false;
        let contentInUrdu = false;
        
        function getCurrentPageFromURL() {
            const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
            const page = parseInt(urlParams.get(&#39;page&#39;));
            return isNaN(page) || page &lt; 1 ? 1 : Math.min(page, Math.ceil(questions.length / config.questionsPerPage));
        }

        function updateURL(page) {
            const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
            urlParams.set(&#39;page&#39;, page);
            const newUrl = window.location.pathname + &#39;?&#39; + urlParams.toString();
            window.history.pushState({ path: newUrl }, &#39;&#39;, newUrl);
        }

        function parseHighlightedText(text) {
            text = text.replace(/\[red\](.*?)\[\/red\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-red&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            text = text.replace(/\[blue\](.*?)\[\/blue\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-blue&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            text = text.replace(/\[green\](.*?)\[\/green\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-green&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            text = text.replace(/\[yellow\](.*?)\[\/yellow\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-yellow&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            text = text.replace(/\[purple\](.*?)\[\/purple\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-purple&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            return text;
        }

        // =========================================================
        // ============ TOC / SCROLL LOGIC START ===================
        // =========================================================
        function generateTOC() {
            const tocContainer = document.getElementById(&#39;toc-container&#39;);
            const tocList = document.getElementById(&#39;toc-list&#39;);
            tocList.innerHTML = &#39;&#39;;
            let hasTopics = false;
            let topicCount = 0; // Added for counting headings

            questions.forEach((q, index) =&gt; {
                if (q.topicHeading) {
                    hasTopics = true;
                    topicCount++;
                    const li = document.createElement(&#39;li&#39;);
                    li.className = &#39;toc-item&#39;;
                    li.textContent = q.topicHeading;
                    li.onclick = () =&gt; scrollToTopic(index);
                    
                    // Hide headings after the 6th one
                    if (topicCount &gt; 6) {
                        li.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                        li.classList.add(&#39;hidden-toc-item&#39;);
                    }
                    
                    tocList.appendChild(li);
                }
            });

            // Remove existing button if any
            const existingBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;toc-see-more-btn-container&#39;);
            if (existingBtn) existingBtn.remove();

            // Add &#39;See More&#39; button if there are more than 6 topics
            if (topicCount &gt; 6) {
                const btnContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                btnContainer.id = &#39;toc-see-more-btn-container&#39;;
                btnContainer.style.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                btnContainer.style.marginTop = &#39;20px&#39;;
                btnContainer.style.gridColumn = &#39;1 / -1&#39;; // To span full width if in grid

                const seeMoreBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                seeMoreBtn.className = &#39;btn btn-primary&#39;;
                seeMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;See More Headings&#39;;
                seeMoreBtn.onclick = function() {
                    const hiddenItems = tocList.querySelectorAll(&#39;.hidden-toc-item&#39;);
                    hiddenItems.forEach(item =&gt; {
                        item.style.display = &#39;flex&#39;; // Restoring original flex display
                    });
                    btnContainer.style.display = &#39;none&#39;; // Hide button after clicking
                };

                btnContainer.appendChild(seeMoreBtn);
                tocContainer.appendChild(btnContainer);
            }

            if (hasTopics) {
                tocContainer.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
            }
        }

        function scrollToTopic(questionIndex) {
            const targetPage = Math.floor(questionIndex / config.questionsPerPage) + 1;
            
            if (targetPage === currentPage) {
                executeScrollHighlight(questionIndex);
            } else {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + `?page=${targetPage}&amp;scrollTo=${questionIndex}`;
            }
        }

        function executeScrollHighlight(index) {
            const element = document.getElementById(`q-card-${index}`);
            const headingElement = document.getElementById(`heading-for-${index}`);
            
            const targetElement = headingElement || element;
            
            if (targetElement) {
                targetElement.scrollIntoView({ behavior: &#39;smooth&#39;, block: &#39;center&#39; });
                if(element) {
                    element.classList.add(&#39;highlight-scroll&#39;);
                    setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                        element.classList.remove(&#39;highlight-scroll&#39;);
                    }, 2500); 
                }
            }
        }

        function checkScrollOnLoad() {
            const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
            const scrollToIdx = urlParams.get(&#39;scrollTo&#39;);
            
            if (scrollToIdx !== null) {
                setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                    executeScrollHighlight(parseInt(scrollToIdx));
                    const newUrl = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + currentPage;
                    window.history.replaceState({}, &#39;&#39;, newUrl);
                }, 800);
            }
        }
        // =========================================================
        // ============ TOC / SCROLL LOGIC END =====================
        // =========================================================


        function loadQuestions(page = 1) {
            currentPage = page;
            updateURL(page);
            const quizContainer = document.getElementById(&#39;quiz-container&#39;);
            quizContainer.innerHTML = &#39;&#39;;
            
            const startIndex = (page - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const q = questions[i];

                // TOC: Add Topic Heading if exists
                if (q.topicHeading) {
                    const headingDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    headingDiv.className = &#39;in-quiz-topic-heading&#39;;
                    headingDiv.id = `heading-for-${i}`; 
                    headingDiv.textContent = q.topicHeading;
                    quizContainer.appendChild(headingDiv);
                }

                const questionElement = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                questionElement.className = &#39;question-card&#39;;
                questionElement.id = `q-card-${i}`; // TOC: Add ID for scrolling

                // CHECK FOR IMPORTANT QUESTION
                if (q.isImportant) {
                    questionElement.classList.add(&#39;important-question&#39;);
                    // Add Badge with Star Icon
                    const badge = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    badge.className = &#39;important-badge&#39;;
                    
                    // Star Icon URL (CDN)
                    const starIconURL = &quot;https://cdn-icons-png.flaticon.com/512/1828/1828884.png&quot;;
                    
                    // Using Image tag instead of &lt;i&gt; tag
                    badge.innerHTML = `&lt;img src=&quot;${starIconURL}&quot; style=&quot;width: 14px; height: 14px; margin-right: 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt; Important`;
                    
                    questionElement.appendChild(badge);
                }
                
                const questionTextContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                questionTextContainer.onclick = function() {
                    if (q.questionLink) {
                        window.location.href = q.questionLink;
                    }
                };
                
                const questionNumber = i + 1;

                questionTextContainer.innerHTML = `
                  &lt;span class=&quot;question-text&quot;&gt;${questionNumber}. ${q.question}&lt;/span&gt;
                  &lt;span class=&quot;urdu-text&quot;&gt;${q.urdu}&lt;/span&gt;
                `;
                questionElement.appendChild(questionTextContainer);

                if (q.ttsEnabled) {
                    const ttsButton = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                    ttsButton.className = &#39;tts-btn&#39;;
                    ttsButton.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.sound}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Listen Question&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    ttsButton.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                        e.stopPropagation();
                        speakQuestion(q);
                    };
                    questionElement.appendChild(ttsButton);
                }

                const optionsDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                optionsDiv.className = &#39;options&#39;;
                optionsDiv.id = `options-${i}`;
                q.options.forEach((option, j) =&gt; {
                    const optionDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    optionDiv.className = &#39;option&#39;;
                    optionDiv.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                        e.stopPropagation();
                        selectOption(optionDiv, String.fromCharCode(65 + j), i);
                    };
                    optionDiv.innerHTML = `&lt;span class=&quot;option-letter&quot;&gt;${String.fromCharCode(65 + j)}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;option-text&quot;&gt;${option}&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    optionsDiv.appendChild(optionDiv);
                });
                questionElement.appendChild(optionsDiv);

                if (q.showSocialShare) {
                    const shareButtons = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    shareButtons.className = &#39;share-buttons&#39;;
                    
                    const whatsappBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                    whatsappBtn.className = &#39;share-btn whatsapp-btn&#39;;
                    whatsappBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.whatsapp}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Share via WhatsApp&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    whatsappBtn.onclick = () =&gt; shareQuestionWithImage(i, &#39;whatsapp&#39;);
                    shareButtons.appendChild(whatsappBtn);
                    
                    const copyLinkBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                    copyLinkBtn.className = &#39;share-btn copy-link-btn&#39;;
                    copyLinkBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.link}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Copy Link&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    copyLinkBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                        const link = q.questionLink || window.location.href;
                        navigator.clipboard.writeText(link).then(() =&gt; {
                            copyLinkBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.link}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Copied!&lt;/span&gt;`;
                            copyLinkBtn.classList.add(&#39;copied&#39;);
                            setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                                copyLinkBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.link}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Copy Link&lt;/span&gt;`;
                                copyLinkBtn.classList.remove(&#39;copied&#39;);
                            }, 2000);
                        });
                    };
                    shareButtons.appendChild(copyLinkBtn);
                    
                    questionElement.appendChild(shareButtons);
                }

                const explanationBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                explanationBtn.className = &#39;explanation-btn&#39;;
                explanationBtn.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                    e.stopPropagation();
                    toggleExplanation(i);
                };
                explanationBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&lt;span&gt;اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں&lt;/span&gt;&#39;;
                
                // START: *** NEW LAYOUT LOGIC ***
                // Create a container for the action buttons
                const actionsContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                actionsContainer.className = &#39;question-actions&#39;;

                // Add the explanation button to the container
                actionsContainer.appendChild(explanationBtn);

                // Add the MODERN comment icon to the container
                if (q.questionLink) {
                    const commentLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    commentLink.href = q.questionLink;
                    commentLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    commentLink.className = &#39;modern-comment-link&#39;;
                    const commentSVG = `&lt;svg viewBox=&quot;0 0 24 24&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M21.99 4c0-1.1-.89-2-1.99-2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14l4 4-.01-18zM18 14H6v-2h12v2zm0-3H6V9h12v2zm0-3H6V6h12v2z&quot;/&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;`;
                    commentLink.innerHTML = `&lt;span class=&quot;comment-count&quot;&gt;(Comments)&lt;/span&gt; ${commentSVG}`;
                    actionsContainer.appendChild(commentLink);
                }

                // Add the actions container to the main question element
                questionElement.appendChild(actionsContainer);
                // END: *** NEW LAYOUT LOGIC ***


                const explanationDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationDiv.className = &#39;explanation&#39;;
                explanationDiv.id = `explanation-${i}`;
                
                const translateBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                translateBtn.className = &#39;translate-btn&#39;;
                translateBtn.innerHTML = &#39;Translate in Urdu&#39;;
                translateBtn.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                    e.stopPropagation();
                    toggleExplanationTranslation(i);
                };
                explanationDiv.appendChild(translateBtn);
                
                const explanationText = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationText.innerHTML = parseHighlightedText(q.explanation.replace(/\n/g, &#39;&lt;br&gt;&#39;));
                explanationDiv.appendChild(explanationText);
                
                const explanationUrduDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationUrduDiv.className = &#39;explanation-urdu&#39;;
                explanationUrduDiv.innerHTML = parseHighlightedText(q.explanationUrdu.replace(/\n/g, &#39;&lt;br&gt;&#39;));
                explanationDiv.appendChild(explanationUrduDiv);
                
                if (q.explanationImage) {
                    const imgContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    imgContainer.style.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                    const imgLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    imgLink.href = q.explanationImageLink || &#39;#&#39;;
                    imgLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    const img = document.createElement(&#39;img&#39;);
                    img.src = q.explanationImage;
                    img.alt = q.explanationImageAlt || &#39;Explanation Image&#39;;
                    img.className = &#39;explanation-image&#39;;
                    imgLink.appendChild(img);
                    imgContainer.appendChild(imgLink);
                    if (q.explanationImageCaption) {
                        const caption = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        caption.className = &#39;question-image-caption&#39;;
                        caption.textContent = q.explanationImageCaption;
                        imgContainer.appendChild(caption);
                    }
                    explanationDiv.appendChild(imgContainer);
                }
                
                questionElement.appendChild(explanationDiv);

                quizContainer.appendChild(questionElement);

                // Har 3 sawalat ke baad ad daalne ka logic
                if ((i + 1) % 3 === 0 &amp;&amp; i &lt; endIndex - 1) {
                    const adContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    adContainer.className = &#39;ad-container&#39;;
                    adContainer.innerHTML = `&lt;p&gt;Advertisement Space&lt;/p&gt;`;
                    quizContainer.appendChild(adContainer);
                }


                if (q.ProTips) {
                    const tipsElement = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    tipsElement.className = &#39;tips-section&#39;;
                    tipsElement.innerHTML = q.ProTips;
                    quizContainer.appendChild(tipsElement);
                }

                if (q.imageAfter) {
                    const imageContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    imageContainer.className = &#39;question-image&#39;;
                    const imageLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    imageLink.href = q.imageAfter.link;
                    imageLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    const image = document.createElement(&#39;img&#39;);
                    image.src = q.imageAfter.url;
                    image.alt = q.imageAfter.alt || &#39;Question related image&#39;;
                    imageLink.appendChild(image);
                    imageContainer.appendChild(imageLink);
                    if (q.imageAfter.caption) {
                        const caption = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        caption.className = &#39;question-image-caption&#39;;
                        caption.textContent = q.imageAfter.caption;
                        imageContainer.appendChild(caption);
                    }
                    quizContainer.appendChild(imageContainer);
                }


                if (i &lt; endIndex - 1) {
                    const isAdNext = ((i + 1) % 3 === 0 &amp;&amp; i &lt; questions.length - 1);
                    if (!isAdNext) {
                        const divider = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        divider.className = &#39;divider&#39;;
                        quizContainer.appendChild(divider);
                    }
                }
            }

            if (answersShown) {
                showAllAnswers();
            } else {
                hideAllAnswers();
            }
            
            updatePagination();
            // YEH LINE ADD KI GAYI HAI: Sawalat load hone ke baad ads ko load karein
            applyAds();
        }

        function toggleExplanationTranslation(questionIndex) {
            const explanationDiv = document.getElementById(`explanation-${questionIndex}`);
            const englishExplanation = explanationDiv.querySelector(&#39;div:not(.explanation-urdu)&#39;);
            const urduExplanation = explanationDiv.querySelector(&#39;.explanation-urdu&#39;);
            
            if (englishExplanation.style.display !== &#39;none&#39;) {
                englishExplanation.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                urduExplanation.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
            } else {
                englishExplanation.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                urduExplanation.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
            }
        }

        function speakQuestion(question) {
            if (speechSynthesis.speaking) {
                speechSynthesis.cancel();
            }
            
            const questionUtterance = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(`Question: ${question.question.replace(&#39;?&#39;, &#39;.&#39;)}`);
            questionUtterance.lang = &#39;en-US&#39;;
            questionUtterance.rate = 0.7;
            questionUtterance.pitch = 0.8;
            
            let optionsText = &#39;Options: &#39;;
            question.options.forEach((option, index) =&gt; {
                optionsText += `${String.fromCharCode(65 + index)}... ${option}. `;
            });
            const optionsUtterance = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(optionsText);
            optionsUtterance.lang = &#39;en-US&#39;;
            optionsUtterance.rate = 0.7;
            optionsUtterance.pitch = 0.8;
            
            speechSynthesis.speak(questionUtterance);
            questionUtterance.onend = function() {
                speechSynthesis.speak(optionsUtterance);
            };
        }

        function updatePagination() {
            const pagination = document.getElementById(&#39;pagination&#39;);
            pagination.innerHTML = &#39;&#39;;
            
            const totalPages = Math.ceil(questions.length / config.questionsPerPage);
            
            if (totalPages &lt;= 1) return;
            
            const firstBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            firstBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            firstBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;laquo; First&#39;;
            firstBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=1&#39;;
            };
            if (currentPage === 1) firstBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(firstBtn);
            
            const prevBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            prevBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            prevBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;lsaquo;&#39;;
            prevBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + (currentPage - 1);
            };
            if (currentPage === 1) prevBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(prevBtn);
            
            if (currentPage &gt; 2) {
                const firstPageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                firstPageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                firstPageBtn.textContent = &#39;1&#39;;
                if (1 === currentPage) firstPageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                firstPageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=1&#39;;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(firstPageBtn);
                
                if (currentPage &gt; 3) {
                    const ellipsis1 = document.createElement(&#39;span&#39;);
                    ellipsis1.className = &#39;page-ellipsis&#39;;
                    ellipsis1.textContent = &#39;...&#39;;
                    pagination.appendChild(ellipsis1);
                }
            }
            
            const startPage = Math.max(2, currentPage - 1);
            const endPage = Math.min(totalPages - 1, currentPage + 1);
            
            for (let i = startPage; i &lt;= endPage; i++) {
                const pageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                pageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                pageBtn.textContent = i;
                if (i === currentPage) pageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                pageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + i;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(pageBtn);
            }
            
            if (currentPage &lt; totalPages - 1) {
                if (currentPage &lt; totalPages - 2) {
                    const ellipsis2 = document.createElement(&#39;span&#39;);
                    ellipsis2.className = &#39;page-ellipsis&#39;;
                    ellipsis2.textContent = &#39;...&#39;;
                    pagination.appendChild(ellipsis2);
                }
                
                const lastPageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                lastPageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                lastPageBtn.textContent = totalPages;
                if (totalPages === currentPage) lastPageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                lastPageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + totalPages;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(lastPageBtn);
            }
            
            const nextBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            nextBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            nextBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;rsaquo;&#39;;
            nextBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + (currentPage + 1);
            };
            if (currentPage === totalPages) nextBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(nextBtn);
            
            const lastBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            lastBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            lastBtn.innerHTML = &#39;Last &amp;raquo;&#39;;
            lastBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + totalPages;
            };
            if (currentPage === totalPages) lastBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(lastBtn);
            
            const searchDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
            searchDiv.className = &#39;page-search&#39;;
            searchDiv.innerHTML = `
                &lt;input type=&quot;number&quot; id=&quot;pageInput&quot; min=&quot;1&quot; max=&quot;${totalPages}&quot; placeholder=&quot;Enter Page Number&quot;&gt;
                &lt;button onclick=&quot;goToPageWithReload()&quot;&gt;Go&lt;/button&gt;
            `;
            pagination.appendChild(searchDiv);
        }
        
        function goToPageWithReload() {
            const pageInput = document.getElementById(&#39;pageInput&#39;);
            const pageNum = parseInt(pageInput.value);
            const totalPages = Math.ceil(questions.length / config.questionsPerPage);
            
            if (pageNum &gt;= 1 &amp;&amp; pageNum &lt;= totalPages) {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + pageNum;
            } else {
                alert(`Please enter a page number between 1 and ${totalPages}`);
            }
        }

        function selectOption(optionElement, selectedAnswer, questionIndex) {
            const question = questions[questionIndex];
            const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${questionIndex} .option`);
            options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;none&#39;;
            });
            selectedOptions[questionIndex] = selectedAnswer;
            const correctOptionIndex = question.correctAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
            options[correctOptionIndex].classList.add(&#39;correct&#39;);
            if (selectedAnswer !== question.correctAnswer) {
                const selectedIndex = selectedAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                options[selectedIndex].classList.add(&#39;incorrect&#39;);
            }
        }

        function toggleExplanation(questionIndex) {
            const explanationElement = document.getElementById(`explanation-${questionIndex}`);
            explanationElement.style.display = explanationElement.style.display === &#39;block&#39; ? &#39;none&#39; : &#39;block&#39;;
        }

        function toggleFAQ(faqQuestion) {
            faqQuestion.classList.toggle(&#39;active&#39;);
            const answer = faqQuestion.nextElementSibling;
            answer.style.display = answer.style.display === &#39;block&#39; ? &#39;none&#39; : &#39;block&#39;;
            
            const toggleIcon = faqQuestion.querySelector(&#39;.faq-toggle&#39;);
            toggleIcon.classList.toggle(&#39;rotated&#39;);
        }

        function toggleAllAnswers() {
            answersShown = !answersShown;
            const btn = document.getElementById(&#39;toggleAnswersBtn&#39;);
            if (answersShown) {
                btn.textContent = &#39;Hide All Answers&#39;;
                showAllAnswers();
            } else {
                btn.textContent = &#39;Show All Answers&#39;;
                hideAllAnswers();
            }
        }

        function showAllAnswers() {
            const startIndex = (currentPage - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const q = questions[i];
                const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${i} .option`);
                if (options.length &gt; 0) {
                    const correctOptionIndex = q.correctAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                    options[correctOptionIndex].classList.add(&#39;correct&#39;);
                    if (selectedOptions.hasOwnProperty(i) &amp;&amp; selectedOptions[i] !== q.correctAnswer) {
                        const selectedIndex = selectedOptions[i].charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                        options[selectedIndex].classList.add(&#39;incorrect&#39;);
                    }
                    options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                        opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;none&#39;;
                    });
                }
            }
        }

        function hideAllAnswers() {
            const startIndex = (currentPage - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${i} .option`);
                options.forEach(option =&gt; {
                    option.classList.remove(&#39;correct&#39;, &#39;incorrect&#39;);
                });
                options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                    opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;auto&#39;;
                });
            }
            selectedOptions = {};
        }

        function resetQuiz() {
            selectedOptions = {};
            answersShown = false;
            document.getElementById(&#39;toggleAnswersBtn&#39;).textContent = &#39;Show All Answers&#39;;
            loadQuestions(currentPage);
        }

        function changeHeaderImage(imageUrl) {
            document.getElementById(&#39;headerImage&#39;).src = imageUrl;
        }
        
        function toggleContentExpansion() {
            const contentPreview = document.getElementById(&#39;contentPreview&#39;);
            const readMoreBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;readMoreBtn&#39;);
            contentExpanded = !contentExpanded;
            
            if (contentExpanded) {
                contentPreview.classList.add(&#39;expanded&#39;);
                readMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;Read Less&#39;;
            } else {
                contentPreview.classList.remove(&#39;expanded&#39;);
                readMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;Read More&#39;;
            }
        }

        function toggleContentLanguage() {
            const englishContent = document.querySelector(&#39;.english-content&#39;);
            const urduContent = document.querySelector(&#39;.urdu-content&#39;);
            const translateBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;contentTranslateBtn&#39;);
            contentInUrdu = !contentInUrdu;
            
            if (contentInUrdu) {
                englishContent.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                urduContent.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                translateBtn.textContent = &#39;Translate to English&#39;;
            } else {
                englishContent.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                urduContent.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                translateBtn.textContent = &#39;Translate to Urdu&#39;;
            }
        }

        async function createShareImage(questionIndex) {
            return new Promise((resolve) =&gt; {
                const q = questions[questionIndex];
                const canvas = document.getElementById(&#39;shareCanvas&#39;);
                const ctx = canvas.getContext(&#39;2d&#39;);
                
                ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                
                if (q.backgroundImage) {
                    const img = new Image();
                    img.crossOrigin = &quot;Anonymous&quot;;
                    img.onload = function() {
                        ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                        ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)&#39;;
                        ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                        drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                        convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                    };
                    img.onerror = function() {
                        console.log(&quot;Background image failed to load, using gradient fallback&quot;);
                        drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas);
                        drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                        convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                    };
                    img.src = q.backgroundImage + (q.backgroundImage.includes(&#39;?&#39;) ? &#39;&amp;&#39; : &#39;?&#39;) + &#39;t=&#39; + Date.now();
                } else {
                    drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas);
                    drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                    convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                }
            });
        }

        function drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas) {
            const gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
            gradient.addColorStop(0, &#39;#1e3c72&#39;);
            gradient.addColorStop(1, &#39;#2a5298&#39;);
            ctx.fillStyle = gradient;
            ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05)&#39;;
            for (let i = 0; i &lt; 5; i++) {
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(Math.random() * canvas.width, Math.random() * canvas.height, Math.random() * 300 + 100, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.fill();
            }
        }

        function drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex) {
            const questionNumber = questionIndex + 1;
            const questionText = `${questionNumber}. ${q.question}`;
            const urduText = `${q.urdu.replace(&#39;؟&#39;, &#39;&#39;).replace(&#39;?&#39;, &#39;&#39;)}`;
            
            ctx.save();
            ctx.beginPath();
            ctx.roundRect(40, 40, canvas.width - 80, canvas.height - 80, 20);
            ctx.clip();
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)&#39;;
            ctx.fillRect(40, 40, canvas.width - 80, canvas.height - 80);
            ctx.strokeStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3)&#39;;
            ctx.lineWidth = 2;
            ctx.stroke();
            ctx.restore();
            
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            ctx.font = &#39;bold 36px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            const questionLines = wrapText(ctx, questionText, canvas.width - 160, 36);
            let yPos = 80 + 36;
            
            questionLines.forEach(line =&gt; {
                ctx.fillText(line, 80, yPos);
                yPos += 36 + 10;
            });
            
            ctx.font = &#39;32px &quot;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&quot;, serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;right&#39;;
            const urduLines = wrapText(ctx, urduText, canvas.width - 160, 32);
            urduLines.forEach(line =&gt; {
                ctx.fillText(line, canvas.width - 80, yPos);
                yPos += 32 + 10;
            });
            
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            yPos += 20;
            
            ctx.font = &#39;italic 24px &quot;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&quot;, serif&#39;;
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;right&#39;;
            ctx.fillText(&quot;چار آپشن میں سے کسی پر بھی کلک کرنے سے جواب سبز ہو جائے گا&quot;, canvas.width - 80, yPos);
            yPos += 24 + 30;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            
            ctx.font = &#39;28px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            
            q.options.forEach((option, index) =&gt; {
                const optionLetter = String.fromCharCode(65 + index);
                const isCorrect = optionLetter === q.correctAnswer;
                
                ctx.save();
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.roundRect(80, yPos - 10, canvas.width - 160, 28 + 20, 10);
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.2)&#39; : &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)&#39;;
                ctx.fill();
                ctx.strokeStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3)&#39;;
                ctx.lineWidth = 1;
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.restore();
                
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(80 + 25, yPos + 28 / 2, 28 * 0.8, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;#3498db&#39;;
                ctx.fill();
                
                ctx.fillStyle = &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
                ctx.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                ctx.fillText(optionLetter, 80 + 25, yPos + 28 / 2 + 28 * 0.3);
                
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
                ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
                ctx.fillText(`${optionLetter}) ${option}`, 80 + 60, yPos + 28 * 0.8);
                
                yPos += 28 + 30;
            });
            
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7)&#39;;
            ctx.font = &#39;italic 20px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
            ctx.fillText(&quot;Study For More PAKMCQs.ORG&quot;, canvas.width / 2, canvas.height - 40);
        }

        function convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve) {
            canvas.toBlob((blob) =&gt; {
                const imageUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
                resolve(imageUrl);
            }, &#39;image/png&#39;, 1.0);
        }

        function wrapText(context, text, maxWidth, fontSize) {
            const words = text.split(&#39; &#39;);
            const lines = [];
            let currentLine = words[0];
            for (let i = 1; i &lt; words.length; i++) {
                const word = words[i];
                const width = context.measureText(currentLine + &#39; &#39; + word).width;
                if (width &lt; maxWidth) {
                    currentLine += &#39; &#39; + word;
                } else {
                    lines.push(currentLine);
                    currentLine = word;
                }
            }
            lines.push(currentLine);
            return lines;
        }
        
        async function shareQuestionWithImage(questionIndex, platform) {
            try {
                const imageUrl = await createShareImage(questionIndex);
                const q = questions[questionIndex];
                const shareUrl = q.questionLink || window.location.href;
                const shareText = `${questionIndex + 1}. ${q.question}\n\n${q.urdu.replace(/#&amp;\d+/g, &#39;&#39;)}\n\nStudy more at: ${shareUrl}`;
                
                if (navigator.share) {
                    const response = await fetch(imageUrl);
                    const blob = await response.blob();
                    const file = new File([blob], &#39;question.png&#39;, { type: &#39;image/png&#39; });
                    
                    await navigator.share({
                        title: q.question,
                        text: shareText,
                        files: [file],
                        url: shareUrl
                    });
                } else {
                    if (platform === &#39;facebook&#39;) {
                        window.open(`https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=${encodeURIComponent(shareUrl)}`, &#39;_blank&#39;);
                    } else if (platform === &#39;twitter&#39;) {
                        const mockImageUrl = imageUrl;
                        window.open(`https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=${encodeURIComponent(shareText)}&amp;url=${encodeURIComponent(mockImageUrl)}`, &#39;_blank&#39;);
                    } else if (platform === &#39;whatsapp&#39;) {
                        const link = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                        link.href = `whatsapp://send?text=${encodeURIComponent(shareText)}`;
                        link.click();
                    }
                }
            } catch (err) {
                console.error(&#39;Error sharing:&#39;, err);
                alert(&#39;Sharing failed. Please try again or copy the link manually.&#39;);
            }
        }

        /* ========================================================= */
        /* ============ DYNAMIC PDF GENERATION LOGIC =============== */
        /* ========================================================= */
        
        async function generateDynamicPDF() {
            // Check if jsPDF is loaded
            if (!window.jspdf) {
                alert(&quot;PDF library is loading. Please wait a moment and try again.&quot;);
                return;
            }

            // --- UI: START LOADING &amp; SHOW PROGRESS BAR ---
            const btn = document.getElementById(&#39;generatePdfBtn&#39;);
            const btnText = btn.querySelector(&#39;.btn-text&#39;);
            const btnProgress = btn.querySelector(&#39;.progress-bar-fill&#39;);
            const originalText = &quot;Click here for Download PDF&quot;;
            
            btn.disabled = true; // Disable double clicks
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Initializing...&quot;;
            btnProgress.style.width = &quot;10%&quot;; // Start progress

            const { jsPDF } = window.jspdf;
            const doc = new jsPDF(&#39;p&#39;, &#39;mm&#39;, &#39;a4&#39;); // Portrait, Millimeters, A4
            
            // 1. Settings &amp; Dimensions
            const pageWidth = 210;
            const pageHeight = 297;
            const marginTop = 30;
            const marginBottom = 05;
            const marginLeft = 15;
            const marginRight = 15;
            const contentWidth = pageWidth - marginLeft - marginRight;
            
            let cursorY = marginTop;

            // 2. Filter Questions (pdf = true)
const pdfQuestions = questions.filter(q =&gt; 
    q.pdf === true || 
    (q.getAttribute &amp;&amp; q.getAttribute(&#39;data-pdf&#39;) === &quot;true&quot;)
);

            if (pdfQuestions.length === 0) {
                alert(&quot;No questions marked for PDF found.&quot;);
                // Reset Button
                btn.disabled = false;
                btnText.textContent = originalText;
                btnProgress.style.width = &quot;0%&quot;;
                return;
            }

            // --- UI: UPDATE STATUS ---
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Downloading Image...&quot;;
            btnProgress.style.width = &quot;30%&quot;;

            // 3. Load Background Image
            const bgUrl = config.pdfBackgroundUrl;
            let bgImage = null;
            try {
                bgImage = await loadImageAsBase64(bgUrl);
                // Image Loaded Success
                btnProgress.style.width = &quot;50%&quot;;
            } catch (e) {
                console.warn(&quot;Background image failed to load, generating PDF without it.&quot;);
            }

            // --- UI: UPDATE STATUS ---
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Generating Pages...&quot;;

            // Helper to Add a new page with background
            const addNewPage = () =&gt; {
                doc.addPage();
                if (bgImage) {
                    doc.addImage(bgImage, &#39;JPEG&#39;, 0, 0, pageWidth, pageHeight);
                }
                cursorY = marginTop; // Reset cursor to top margin
            };

            // Add background to the first page
            if (bgImage) {
                doc.addImage(bgImage, &#39;JPEG&#39;, 0, 0, pageWidth, pageHeight);
            }

            // 4. Iterate and Print Questions
            pdfQuestions.forEach((q, index) =&gt; {
                // --- A. CALCULATE HEIGHT REQUIRED ---
                
                // Question Text Height
                doc.setFontSize(12);
                doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;bold&quot;);
                const qTitle = `Q${index + 1}: ${q.question}`;
                const qTitleLines = doc.splitTextToSize(qTitle, contentWidth);
                const qTitleHeight = qTitleLines.length * 6; // Approx line height 6mm

                // Options Height
                doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;normal&quot;);
                doc.setFontSize(10);
                let optionsHeight = 0;
                const processedOptions = [];

                q.options.forEach((opt, idx) =&gt; {
                    const letter = String.fromCharCode(65 + idx);
                    const optText = `${letter}) ${opt}`;
                    const optLines = doc.splitTextToSize(optText, contentWidth - 5); // Indent slightly
                    const h = optLines.length * 5; // Approx line height 5mm
                    optionsHeight += h + 2; // +2mm padding between options
                    processedOptions.push({ lines: optLines, height: h });
                });

                const totalQuestionHeight = qTitleHeight + optionsHeight + 8; // +8mm padding after question

                // --- B. CHECK SPACE &amp; PAGE BREAK ---
                if (cursorY + totalQuestionHeight &gt; pageHeight - marginBottom) {
                    addNewPage();
                }

                // --- C. RENDER CONTENT ---
                
                // Render Question Title
                doc.setFontSize(12);
                doc.setTextColor(0, 0, 0);
                doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;bold&quot;);
                doc.text(qTitleLines, marginLeft, cursorY);
                cursorY += qTitleHeight + 2;

                // Render Options
                doc.setFontSize(10);
                doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;normal&quot;);
                
                processedOptions.forEach((pOpt, idx) =&gt; {
                     // Check if this is the correct answer to highlight (Optional visual cue)
                     const letter = String.fromCharCode(65 + idx);
                     if (letter === q.correctAnswer) {
                         doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;bold&quot;);
                         doc.setTextColor(0, 100, 0); // Green
                     } else {
                         doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;normal&quot;);
                         doc.setTextColor(0, 0, 0); // Black
                     }

                    doc.text(pOpt.lines, marginLeft + 5, cursorY);
                    cursorY += pOpt.height + 2;
                });

                // Reset color/font and add bottom padding
                doc.setTextColor(0, 0, 0);
                cursorY += 6; 
            });

            // --- UI: FINALIZING ---
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Saving PDF...&quot;;
            btnProgress.style.width = &quot;90%&quot;;

            // 5. Save File
            doc.save(&#39;PAKMCQs_Questions.pdf&#39;);

            // --- UI: COMPLETE &amp; RESET ---
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Downloaded!&quot;;
            btnProgress.style.width = &quot;100%&quot;;
            
            setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                btn.disabled = false;
                btnText.textContent = originalText;
                btnProgress.style.width = &quot;0%&quot;;
            }, 3000); // Reset after 3 seconds
        }

        // Helper to load image with CORS handling for Blogger Images
        function loadImageAsBase64(url) {
            return new Promise((resolve, reject) =&gt; {
                const img = new Image();
                
                // Ye line zaroori hai taake Google block na kare
                img.crossOrigin = &#39;Anonymous&#39;; 
                
                // URL ke aage time lagaya hai taake browser cache use na kare (Cache breaker)
                if (url.startsWith(&#39;http&#39;)) {
                    img.src = url + (url.includes(&#39;?&#39;) ? &#39;&amp;&#39; : &#39;?&#39;) + &#39;t=&#39; + new Date().getTime();
                } else {
                    img.src = url;
                }

                img.onload = () =&gt; {
                    const canvas = document.createElement(&#39;canvas&#39;);
                    canvas.width = img.width;
                    canvas.height = img.height;
                    const ctx = canvas.getContext(&#39;2d&#39;);
                    ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0);
                    try {
                        const dataURL = canvas.toDataURL(&#39;image/jpeg&#39;, 0.8); // High Quality JPG
                        resolve(dataURL);
                    } catch (e) {
                        console.error(&quot;CORS Error: Image load hui lekin export nahi ho saki.&quot;, e);
                        // Agar phir bhi fail ho jaye to bina image ke continue karega
                        reject(e);
                    }
                };
                
                img.onerror = (e) =&gt; {
                    console.error(&quot;Image Failed to Load from URL:&quot;, url);
                    reject(e);
                };
            });
        }

        /* ========================================================= */

        document.addEventListener(&#39;DOMContentLoaded&#39;, function () {
            generateTOC(); // TOC Generate karna
            currentPage = getCurrentPageFromURL();
            changeHeaderImage(config.headerImageUrl);
            loadQuestions(currentPage);
            checkScrollOnLoad(); // Scroll Check karna if redirected from another page

            document.getElementById(&#39;toggleAnswersBtn&#39;).addEventListener(&#39;click&#39;, toggleAllAnswers);
            document.getElementById(&#39;resetQuizBtn&#39;).addEventListener(&#39;click&#39;, resetQuiz);
            document.getElementById(&#39;readMoreBtn&#39;).addEventListener(&#39;click&#39;, toggleContentExpansion);
            document.getElementById(&#39;contentTranslateBtn&#39;).addEventListener(&#39;click&#39;, toggleContentLanguage);
            
            // === ATTACH PDF GENERATION EVENT ===
            const pdfBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;generatePdfBtn&#39;);
            if (pdfBtn) {
                pdfBtn.addEventListener(&#39;click&#39;, function(e) {
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    &lt;title&gt;7th Class General Science Unit 10 Heat and Temperature MCQs (حرارت اور درجہ حرارت) | PakMCQs (Concept Based + Exam Focused)&lt;/title&gt;
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        body.light-theme .in-quiz-topic-heading { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #3498db, #2980b9); }

        .question-card.highlight-scroll {
            box-shadow: 0 0 25px #2ecc71 !important;
            border-color: #2ecc71 !important;
            transform: scale(1.01);
            transition: all 0.5s ease;
        }

        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ TOC &amp; TOPIC HEADING STYLES END ============ */
        /* ======================================================== */


        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ FIXED COLOR SETTINGS START ================ */
        /* ======================================================== */

        /* 1. DEFAULT (DARK MODE) SETTINGS */
        /* Since your theme defaults to dark mode, we set Yellow/White here */
        
        .question-text {
            font-size: 1.1rem;
            font-weight: bold;
            color: #FFFF00 !important; /* Yellow for Dark Mode */
            margin-bottom: 10px;
            cursor: pointer;
            display: block;
        }
        
        .urdu-text {
            font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif;
            direction: rtl;
            text-align: right;
            display: block;
            font-size: 1.1rem;
            color: #ffffff !important; /* White for Dark Mode */
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            cursor: pointer;
            line-height: 1.8;
        }

        /* 2. LIGHT MODE OVERRIDES */
        /* These trigger when the body has &#39;light-theme&#39; class */
        
        body.light-theme .question-text {
            color: #006400 !important; /* Dark Green for Light Mode */
        }
        
        body.light-theme .urdu-text {
            color: #000000 !important; /* Black for Light Mode */
        }

        /* Global Selection Notice Box Fixes */
        
        /* Default Dark Mode Box */
        .global-selection-notice {
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.2);
            border: 1px solid #FFFF00;
            padding: 12px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            text-align: center;
            color: #ffffff !important; /* White text default */
        }
        .global-selection-notice .urdu-text {
             color: #ffffff !important;
        }

        /* Light Mode Box Override */
        body.light-theme .global-selection-notice {
            background-color: #fff3cd;
            border: 1px solid #ffeeba;
            color: #856404 !important;
        }
        body.light-theme .global-selection-notice .urdu-text {
             color: #856404 !important;
        }

        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ FIXED COLOR SETTINGS END ================== */
        /* ======================================================== */

        .options {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            gap: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 15px;
        }
        
        .option {
            padding: 12px 15px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1)); 
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            cursor: pointer;
            transition: var(--transition);
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            position: relative;
            background-color: var(--bg-main); /* Slightly distinct from card bg */
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .option:hover {
            border-color: var(--primary-color);
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1);
        }
        
        .option-letter {
            display: inline-block;
            width: 24px;
            height: 24px;
            line-height: 24px;
            text-align: center;
            background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
            border-radius: 50%;
            margin-right: 12px;
            font-weight: 500;
            flex-shrink: 0;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .option-text {
            flex-grow: 1;
        }
        
        /* === UPDATE #1: Highlighted Answer Bold === */
        .correct {
            background-color: rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.2) !important;
            border-color: #28a745 !important;
            color: var(--color-text-primary) !important;
            font-weight: bold !important; /* Added Bold Property */
        }
        .correct .option-letter {
            background-color: #28a745;
            color: white;
        }
        
        .incorrect {
            background-color: rgba(220, 53, 69, 0.2) !important;
            border-color: #dc3545 !important;
            color: var(--color-text-primary) !important;
        }
        .incorrect .option-letter {
            background-color: #dc3545;
            color: white;
        }
        
        .explanation-btn {
            background-color: transparent;
            border: none;
            color: var(--primary-color);
            cursor: pointer;
            font-size: 0.9rem;
            padding: 5px 0;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 5px;
        }
        
        .explanation-btn:hover {
            text-decoration: underline;
        }
        
        .explanation {
            display: none;
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1); /* Transparent for dark mode */
            padding: 12px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-top: 10px;
            border-left: 3px solid var(--primary-color);
            font-size: 0.95rem;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .explanation-image {
            max-width: 100%;
            height: auto;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin: 10px 0;
            display: block;
        }
        .explanation-image-container {
            text-align: center;
            margin: 15px 0;
        }
        
        /* Explanation text highlighting styles */
        .explanation .highlight-red { color: #e74c3c; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-blue { color: #3498db; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-green { color: #2ecc71; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-yellow { 
            color: #f39c12; 
            font-weight: bold; 
            background-color: rgba(243, 156, 18, 0.1);
            padding: 0 2px;
            border-radius: 3px;
        }
        .explanation .highlight-purple { color: #9b59b6; font-weight: bold; }
        
        .controls {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: space-between;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
            gap: 10px;
        }
        
        .btn {
            padding: 10px 20px;
            border: none;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            font-weight: 500;
            cursor: pointer;
            transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .btn-primary { background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; }
        .btn-primary:hover { background-color: #2980b9; }
        .btn-secondary { background-color: #6c757d; color: white; }
        .btn-secondary:hover { background-color: #5a6268; }
        
        .divider {
            height: 1px;
            background-color: var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            margin: 25px 0;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
        }
        
        .ad-container {
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border: 1px dashed var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.2));
            padding: 20px;
            text-align: center;
            margin: 20px 0;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }

        /* RELATED TOPICS SECTION */
        .related-topics {
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            padding: 15px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin: 20px 0;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .related-topics h3 {
            margin-top: 0;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            padding-bottom: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;
        }
        .related-topics ul { padding-left: 20px; }
        .related-topics li { margin-bottom: 8px; color: var(--color-text-primary); }
        .related-topics a { color: var(--primary-color); text-decoration: none; }
        .related-topics a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

        .hidden { display: none; }
        .disabled { opacity: 0.5; pointer-events: none; }
        
        /* Social Share Buttons */
        .share-buttons { display: flex; gap: 8px; margin-top: 15px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
        .share-btn {
            display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
            padding: 6px 10px; border-radius: 4px; color: white;
            font-size: 10px; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s ease;
            text-decoration: none; border: none;
        }
        .share-btn .share-icon {
            width: 10px; height: 10px; margin-right: 5px;
            background-size: contain; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center;
        }
        .share-btn:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); }
        .facebook-btn { background-color: #3b5998; }
        .twitter-btn { background-color: #1da1f2; }
        .whatsapp-btn { background-color: #25d366; }
        .copy-link-btn { background-color: #6c757d; }
        .copy-link-btn.copied { background-color: #28a745; }
        
        .social-share-section {
            margin: 15px 0; padding: 10px;
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); text-align: center;
        }
        .social-share-title { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--color-text-secondary); margin-bottom: 8px; }
        
        /* Pagination Styles */
        .pagination { display: flex; justify-content: center; margin: 30px 0; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 5px; }
        .page-btn {
            padding: 8px 15px; margin: 0 2px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); background-color: var(--bg-content);
            color: var(--color-text-primary); cursor: pointer; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .page-btn:hover:not(.active) { background-color: var(--bg-main); }
        .active { background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; border-color: var(--primary-color); }
        .page-nav {
            padding: 8px 15px; margin: 0 2px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); background-color: var(--bg-content);
            color: var(--color-text-primary); cursor: pointer; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .page-nav:hover { background-color: var(--bg-main); }
        .disabled-nav { opacity: 0.5; cursor: not-allowed; pointer-events: none; }
        
        .page-search { margin-top: 15px; display: flex; justify-content: center; width: 100%; }
        .page-search input {
            padding: 8px 15px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); width: 150px; text-align: center;
            margin-right: 5px; background-color: var(--bg-content); color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        .page-search button {
            padding: 8px 15px; border: none; border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; cursor: pointer;
        }
        .page-ellipsis { display: inline-block; padding: 8px 12px; color: var(--color-text-secondary); }
        
        /* FAQ Section Styles */
        .faq-section {
            margin: 30px 0; background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 20px; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .faq-section h2 { color: var(--color-text-primary); border-bottom: 2px solid var(--primary-color); padding-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0; }
        .faq-item {
            margin-bottom: 15px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); overflow: hidden; transition: border-color 0.3s ease;
        }
        .faq-question {
            background-color: var(--bg-main); padding: 12px 15px; cursor: pointer;
            font-weight: 500; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        .faq-question:hover { background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1); }
        .faq-answer {
            padding: 15px; background-color: var(--bg-content); display: none;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; color: var(--color-text-secondary);
        }
        .faq-answer.show { display: block; }
        .faq-toggle { font-size: 1.2rem; transition: var(--transition); }
        .faq-toggle.rotated { transform: rotate(45deg); }

        /* Image Between Questions */
        .question-image { margin: 20px 0; text-align: center; }
        .question-image a { display: inline-block; }
        .question-image img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: var(--border-radius); box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); transition: transform 0.3s ease; }
        .question-image img:hover { transform: scale(1.02); }
        .question-image-caption { margin-top: 8px; font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--color-text-secondary); text-align: center; }

        .share-image-canvas { position: fixed; top: -9999px; left: -9999px; visibility: hidden; }

        .tts-btn {
            background-color: #6c757d; color: white; border: none;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 8px 12px; margin: 10px 0;
            cursor: pointer; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px;
            font-size: 0.9rem; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .tts-btn:hover { background-color: #5a6268; }
        .tts-btn i { font-size: 1rem; }

        .translate-btn {
            background-color: #3498db; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 4px;
            padding: 5px 10px; margin: 5px 0; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.8rem; transition: all 0.2s ease;
        }
        .translate-btn:hover { background-color: #2980b9; }
        .translate-btn i { display: none; }
        
        .explanation-urdu {
            display: none; font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif; direction: rtl;
            text-align: right; margin-top: 10px; line-height: 2.2; font-size: 1.0rem; 
        }

        /* Expandable Content Section */
        .expandable-content {
            background-color: var(--bg-content); border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            padding: 20px; margin: 20px 0; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
            transition: all 0.3s ease; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .expandable-content h2 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-top: 0; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--primary-color); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
        .content-translate-btn { background-color: var(--secondary-color); color: white; border: none; border-radius: 4px; padding: 5px 10px; font-size: 0.8rem; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s ease; }
        .content-translate-btn:hover { background-color: #27ae60; }
        
        .content-preview { position: relative; overflow: hidden; max-height: 120px; transition: max-height 0.5s ease; }
        .content-preview.expanded { max-height: none; }
        .content-preview::after {
            content: &#39;&#39;; position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 40px;
            background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255,255,255,0), var(--bg-content)); transition: opacity 0.3s ease; opacity: 1;
        }
        .content-preview.expanded::after { opacity: 0; }
        
        .read-more-btn { display: inline-block; margin-top: 10px; color: var(--primary-color); cursor: pointer; font-weight: 500; transition: all 0.2s ease; }
        .read-more-btn:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
        
        .content-body { margin-bottom: 15px; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--color-text-primary); }
        .content-body p { margin-bottom: 15px; }
        .content-body img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: var(--border-radius); margin: 15px 0; display: block; }
        .content-body .image-link { display: inline-block; position: relative; }
        .content-body .image-link:hover::after {
            content: &#39;Click to view&#39;; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;
            background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; border-radius: var(--border-radius);
        }
        .content-body h3 { color: #e74c3c; margin: 20px 0 10px 0; }
        .content-body h4 { color: #3498db; margin: 15px 0 8px 0; }
        .content-body .highlight-word { color: #9b59b6; font-weight: bold; }
        .content-body .highlight-link { color: #e67e22; text-decoration: underline; font-weight: 500; }
        .content-body .highlight-link:hover { color: #d35400; }
        .content-body .urdu-content { display: none; font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif; direction: rtl; text-align: right; line-height: 2; }

        .hidden-faq { display: none; }
        .see-more-faq { text-align: center; margin-top: 20px; }
        .see-more-faq .btn { padding: 8px 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; }

        .question-actions { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-top: 15px; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; }

        .modern-comment-link {
            z-index: 5; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px;
            padding: 6px 12px; border-radius: 50px; background: linear-gradient(45deg, #28a745, #20c997);
            color: white; text-decoration: none; font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 500; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.8, 0.25, 1);
        }
        .modern-comment-link:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: 0 6px 15px rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.3); color: white; }
        .modern-comment-link svg { width: 18px; height: 18px; fill: currentColor; }


        /* ========================================================================= */
        /* == MOBILE RESPONSIVE TWEAKS (GAP KAM KARNE KE LIYE YAHAN CHANGES KI HAIN) == */
        /* ========================================================================= */
        @media (max-width: 768px) {
            /* Blogger Theme ki padding ka gap khatam/kam karne ke liye Negative Margin lagaya gaya hai */
            .no-blogger-overlap {
                margin-left: -12px;
                margin-right: -12px;
            }
            .toc-list { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
            .in-quiz-topic-heading { font-size: 1.2rem; padding: 12px; }
            body { padding: 0px; }
            .info-banner h1 { font-size: 1.5rem; }
            .question-text { font-size: 1.1rem; }
            .urdu-text { font-size: 1rem; }
            .page-btn, .page-nav { padding: 6px 10px; font-size: 0.9rem; }
            .faq-question { font-size: 1rem; }
            .share-buttons { gap: 6px; }
            .share-btn { padding: 6px 10px; font-size: 12px; }
            .share-btn .share-icon { width: 10px; height: 10px; }
            .pdf-download-btn { padding: 8px 15px; font-size: 0.9rem; }
            
            /* Andar ki jagga ko adjust kiya gaya hai */
            .question-card { padding: 15px; } 
            
            .option { padding: 10px 12px; }
            .category-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
            .expandable-content { padding: 15px; }
            .content-preview { max-height: 100px; }
        }
        
        @media (max-width: 480px) {
            /* Choti screen pe gap ko mazeed theek karne ke liye thora aur margin diya gaya hai */
            .no-blogger-overlap {
                margin-left: -16px;
                margin-right: -16px;
            }
            body { padding: 0px; }
            .info-banner { padding: 15px; }
            .info-banner h1 { font-size: 1.3rem; }
            .controls { flex-direction: column; }
            .controls .btn { width: 100%; }
            .pagination { gap: 3px; justify-content: center; }
            .page-btn, .page-nav { padding: 8px 12px; font-size: 0.95rem; min-width: 40px; }
            .page-search input { width: 100px; padding: 10px; }
            .page-search button { padding: 5px 10px; }
            .expandable-content h2 { font-size: 1.2rem; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 10px; }
            .category-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(1, 1fr); }
            .modern-comment-link { padding: 5px 10px; font-size: 0.4rem; gap: 4px; }
            .modern-comment-link svg { width: 10px; height: 10px; }
            .explanation-btn { font-size: 0.85rem; }
            .card-badge { font-size: 9px; padding: 3px 8px; }
            
            /* Choti screens ke liye question card padding adjustment */
            .question-card { padding: 12px; }
        }
    &lt;/style&gt;
    &lt;!-- STEP 1: AdSense Script ko &lt;head&gt; main rakhein --&gt;
    &lt;script async src=&quot;https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4073269280727447&quot; crossorigin=&quot;anonymous&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;/head&gt;
&lt;body&gt;
    &lt;!-- Main content wrapper to prevent Blogger conflicts --&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;no-blogger-overlap&quot;&gt;
        &lt;img class=&quot;header-image&quot; id=&quot;headerImage&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnoHdckyO7NLabJzDHClFIXDD7BMmEHJA-fJNCCzc8vJkriGa5fGUiHVDGUwMkF70sEadBhFDLwRqXtplf2eeGkZX4U2s_ugKCnPxw3SyGvhzTh_ATQCLaUtQn7-e3AAhyphenhyphenA00ofEWiBZjerrfGucNmZ3r3-N5k6Vz9MqEbFRZwBTHbfbMNgWegVIr4Hg/s1600/7th%20Class%20General%20Science%20Unit%2010%20image.jpg&quot; /&gt;
        
        &lt;!-- HEADER AD SECTION HATA DIYA GAYA HAI --&gt;

        &lt;!-- Info Banner Section --&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;info-banner&quot;&gt;
            &lt;h1&gt;Heat and Temperature MCQs | 7th Class General Science Unit 10 | PakMCQs&lt;/h1&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Practice 7th Class General Science Unit 10 Heat and Temperature MCQs covering heat, temperature, thermal energy, temperature scales, thermal expansion and contraction, and heat transfer through conduction, convection and radiation. These MCQs are useful for learning, revision and preparation. Prepare with PAKMCQs for ETEA, NTS, KPPSC, PPSC and FPSC exams.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;p class=&quot;urdu-text&quot;&gt;پی ڈی ایف ڈاؤن لوڈ کرنے کے بجائے، یہاں وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں۔ اِن شاء اللہ آپ کی تیاری مزید بہتر ہو جائے گی۔&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;!-- UPDATED PDF DOWNLOAD BUTTON WITH PROGRESS BAR STRUCTURE --&gt;
            &lt;button class=&quot;pdf-download-btn&quot; id=&quot;generatePdfBtn&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;btn-text&quot;&gt;Click here for Download PDF&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;div class=&quot;progress-bar-fill&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;/button&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
        
       &lt;!-- New Expandable Content Section --&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;expandable-content&quot;&gt;
    &lt;h2&gt;Heat and Temperature | حرارت اور درجہ حرارت
        &lt;button class=&quot;content-translate-btn&quot; id=&quot;contentTranslateBtn&quot;&gt;Translate to Urdu&lt;/button&gt;
    &lt;/h2&gt;
    
    &lt;div class=&quot;content-preview&quot; id=&quot;contentPreview&quot;&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;content-body&quot;&gt;
            &lt;!-- English Content --&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;english-content&quot;&gt;
                &lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #e74c3c;&quot;&gt;7th Class General Science Unit 10: Heat and Temperature&lt;/h3&gt;
                
                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;Unit ka Asaan Khulasa&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Heat and Temperature mein hum heat, temperature, thermal energy, temperature scales, thermal expansion aur heat transfer ke 3 methods conduction, convection aur radiation ke bare mein seekhte hain. Is unit ka basic idea yeh hai ke matter ke particles hamesha motion mein hote hain. Jab particles ki kinetic energy increase hoti hai to temperature increase hota hai, aur heat hamesha hot body se cold body ki taraf transfer hoti hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;1. Kinetic Molecular Theory&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Matter bohat chhote particles se mil kar bana hota hai. Ye particles atoms aur molecules ki form mein hote hain. Matter ki 3 states hain:&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Solid:&lt;/b&gt; Particles ek doosre ke bohat qareeb hote hain aur apni fixed position ke around vibrate karte hain.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Liquid:&lt;/b&gt; Particles solid ke muqable mein zyada freely move kar sakte hain.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Gas:&lt;/b&gt; Particles ek doosre se door hote hain aur bohat freely move karte hain.&lt;br&gt;
                Particles ke paas kinetic energy motion ki wajah se hoti hai aur potential energy particles ke darmiyan attraction ki wajah se hoti hai. In tamam particles ki kinetic aur potential energy ka total &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;thermal energy&lt;/span&gt; kehlata hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;2. Temperature&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Temperature&lt;/span&gt; kisi body ke hot ya cold hone ka measure hai. Scientific tor par, temperature particles ki average kinetic energy ka measure hai. Agar particles ki average kinetic energy zyada ho to temperature zyada hoga, aur agar kam ho to temperature kam hoga. Temperature ko &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #8e44ad;&quot;&gt;thermometer&lt;/span&gt; se measure kiya jata hai. Temperature ki SI unit &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #27ae60;&quot;&gt;Kelvin (K)&lt;/span&gt; hai. Doosri common units Celsius (°C) aur Fahrenheit (°F) hain.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;3. Heating se Temperature kyun Barhta Hai?&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Jab kisi substance ko heat di jati hai to us ke particles zyada rapidly move karne lagte hain:&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;More heat &amp;rarr; Faster particles &amp;rarr; More kinetic energy &amp;rarr; Higher temperature&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                Misal ke taur par jab pani ko stove par heat kiya jata hai to pani ke particles ki kinetic energy increase hoti hai aur temperature barhta hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;4. Temperature Scales&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Temperature ko 3 important scales par measure kiya jata hai: Kelvin, Celsius, aur Fahrenheit.&lt;/p&gt;
                
                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;Important Temperature Points&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Condition&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Celsius&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Kelvin&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Fahrenheit&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Water freezes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;0°C&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;273 K&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;32°F&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Water boils&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;100°C&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;373 K&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;212°F&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Human body temperature&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;37°C&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;310 K&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;98.6°F&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Absolute zero&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;-273°C&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;0 K&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;-459.4°F&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #8e44ad; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Kelvin Scale:&lt;/span&gt; Scientific calculations mein commonly use hoti hai. Water freezing point = 273 K, boiling point = 373 K. Lowest possible temperature is 0 K (Absolute zero).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Celsius Scale:&lt;/span&gt; Daily life mein sab se commonly used scale hai. Water freezes at 0°C, boils at 100°C. In ke darmiyan 100 equal divisions hoti hain.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Fahrenheit Scale:&lt;/span&gt; Water freezes at 32°F, boils at 212°F. In ke darmiyan 180 divisions hoti hain, yeh clinical purposes mein use hoti hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;8. Temperature Conversion&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;Celsius se Kelvin:&lt;/b&gt; T(K) = T(°C) + 273 (e.g., 37°C ko Kelvin mein: 37 + 273 = 310 K).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Celsius se Fahrenheit:&lt;/b&gt; T(°F) = 1.8 × T(°C) + 32 (e.g., 37°C ko Fahrenheit mein: 1.8 × 37 + 32 = 98.6°F).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Absolute Zero:&lt;/b&gt; Kelvin scale par 0 K ko absolute zero kehte hain (0 K = -273°C). Ye theoretically lowest temperature hai jahan particles ki motion minimum hoti hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;10. Heat&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #c0392b; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Heat&lt;/span&gt; energy ki woh form hai jo hotter body se colder body ki taraf flow karti hai. (&lt;b&gt;Heat &amp;rarr; Hot se Cold&lt;/b&gt;). Heat transfer tab tak jari rehta hai jab tak dono bodies ka temperature equal na ho jaye, isey &lt;b&gt;thermal equilibrium&lt;/b&gt; kehte hain. (e.g. Hot coffee mein cold milk add karne se dono ka temperature eventually equal ho jata hai).&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;Heat aur Temperature mein Farq&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Heat&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Temperature&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Energy hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Hotness ya coldness ka measure hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Hot se cold ki taraf flow karti hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Particles ki average kinetic energy batata hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;SI unit Joule (J)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;SI unit Kelvin (K)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Amount of matter se bhi related hoti hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Average kinetic energy se related hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Important:&lt;/i&gt; Same temperature par zyada quantity wali body mein total thermal energy zyada ho sakti hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;12. Thermal Expansion and Contraction&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Jab kisi substance ko heat di jati hai aur uski length, area ya volume increase hota hai to isay &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;thermal expansion&lt;/span&gt; kehte hain. Jab size decrease hota hai to isay &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;thermal contraction&lt;/span&gt; kehte hain. (&lt;b&gt;Heating &amp;rarr; Expansion | Cooling &amp;rarr; Contraction&lt;/b&gt;). &lt;br&gt;
                Gases, liquids aur solids sabhi heat par expand aur cool par contract karte hain. Generally: &lt;b&gt;Gas &gt; Liquid &gt; Solid&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;Solids mein expansion:&lt;/b&gt; Solid ko heat dene par particles ki kinetic energy increase hoti hai, jis se strong vibrations hoti hain aur unke darmiyan gap barhne se expansion hoti hai. Cooling par vibrations kam hoti hain aur contraction hoti hai.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Liquids aur Gases mein expansion:&lt;/b&gt; Heating par particles ki kinetic energy increase hoti hai aur woh freely aur door tak move karte hain, jis se substance expand karta hai. Cooling par contraction hoti hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;15. Thermal Expansion ke Daily Life Examples&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;Thermometer:&lt;/b&gt; Liquid heat milne par expand karta hai aur tube mein rise karta hai.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Metal Jar Lid:&lt;/b&gt; stuck metal lid par hot water dalne se metal expand hota hai aur easily open ho jata hai.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Railway Tracks:&lt;/b&gt; Gaps chhore jate hain taake garmi mein tracks expand ho saken aur bend na hon.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Bridges:&lt;/b&gt; Expansion joints banaye jate hain taake temperature change ki wajah se bridge safely expand aur contract kar sake.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;16. Heat Transfer Methods&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Heat hamesha temperature difference ki wajah se hot object se cold object ki taraf transfer hoti hai. Is ke 3 methods hain:&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;ul&gt;
                    &lt;li&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Conduction:&lt;/span&gt; Heat transfer ka woh method hai jisme heat particles ki interaction/vibration ke zariye hot part se cold part ki taraf transfer hoti hai (solids mein). (e.g., Metal spoon in hot water). Metals heat ke good conductors hain (Copper, Aluminium, Iron, Steel) kyunke un mein free electrons hote hain. Wood, plastic, wool aur fur poor conductors (insulators) hain. Air bhi good insulator hai. &lt;i&gt;Woolen clothes ke fibers ke darmiyan air trap hoti hai jo body heat ko bahar nahi jane deti aur jism ko garam rakhti hai.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
                    &lt;li&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Convection:&lt;/span&gt; Heat transfer ka woh method hai jisme heat fluids (liquids aur gases) ke particles ki actual movement se transfer hoti hai. (e.g., Boiling water: bottom ka pani heat gain kar ke expand aur less dense ho kar upar jata hai, aur thanda/dense pani neeche aata hai. Is circulating movement ko convection currents kehte hain). Dusri misalein: Hot air balloons, Land breeze, Sea breeze.&lt;/li&gt;
                    &lt;li&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #8e44ad; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Radiation:&lt;/span&gt; Heat transfer ka woh method hai jisme heat electromagnetic waves ke zariye transfer hoti hai aur material medium ki zaroorat nahi hoti. Radiation vacuum mein bhi travel kar sakti hai. (e.g., Sun ki heat Earth tak radiation ke zariye pohanchti hai, electric heater ki heat).&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;/ul&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;Conduction, Convection aur Radiation ka Farq&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Method&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Medium&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Heat Transfer kaise hoti hai?&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Example&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conduction&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Mostly solids&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Particles ki interaction se&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Metal spoon&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Convection&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Liquids &amp; gases&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Particles ki actual movement se&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Boiling water&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Radiation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Medium ki zaroorat nahi&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Electromagnetic waves se&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Sun ki heat&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Easy Trick: Conduction = Contact | Convection = Current/Movement | Radiation = Rays&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;24. Thermal Insulation in Buildings&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Buildings mein heat transfer ko kam karne ke liye thermal insulation use ki jati hai:&lt;br&gt;
                1. &lt;b&gt;False Ceiling:&lt;/b&gt; Roof aur false ceiling ke darmiyan air trap ki jati hai jo poor conductor hai.&lt;br&gt;
                2. &lt;b&gt;White or Shiny Roof:&lt;/b&gt; Whitewash ya reflective surface se sunlight ki heat zyada reflect hoti hai.&lt;br&gt;
                3. &lt;b&gt;Thick Walls:&lt;/b&gt; Heat transfer hone mein zyada time leti hain.&lt;br&gt;
                4. &lt;b&gt;Insulating Panels:&lt;/b&gt; Walls par lagaye jate hain taake heat transfer kam ho.&lt;br&gt;
                5. &lt;b&gt;Double-Glazed Windows:&lt;/b&gt; Do glass sheets ke darmiyan air ya argon gas hoti hai jo insulation provide karti hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;Important Formulas&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• Celsius to Kelvin: &lt;b&gt;K = °C + 273&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                • Celsius to Fahrenheit: &lt;b&gt;°F = 1.8 × °C + 32&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                • Important Values: 0°C = 273 K = 32°F | 100°C = 373 K = 212°F | 37°C = 310 K = 98.6°F | 0 K = -273°C&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;Quick Revision&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Term&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Easy Meaning&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thermal Energy&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Particles ki total kinetic aur potential energy&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Temperature&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Particles ki average kinetic energy ka measure&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Heat&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Hot body se cold body ki taraf flow hone wali energy&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thermal Expansion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Heating par size increase hona&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thermal Contraction&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Cooling par size decrease hona&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conduction&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Particles ki interaction se heat transfer&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Convection&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Particles ki actual movement se heat transfer&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Radiation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Electromagnetic waves se heat transfer&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Thermal Equilibrium&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Jab bodies ka temperature equal ho jaye&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Good Conductor&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Heat easily transfer karta hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Insulator&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Heat transfer ko rokta/reduce karta hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Absolute Zero&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;0 K ya approximately -273°C&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;div style=&quot;border-left: 5px solid #2e7d32; padding-left: 15px; margin: 15px 0;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;h5 style=&quot;margin-top: 0; color: #2e7d32;&quot;&gt;Key Points&lt;/h5&gt;
                    &lt;p&gt;• Matter atoms aur molecules se bana hai jin ki total energy thermal energy kehlata hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Temperature average kinetic energy ka measure hai aur thermometer se measure hota hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • SI unit of temperature is Kelvin (K). Celsius, Kelvin aur Fahrenheit temperature scales hain.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Heat hotter body se colder body ki taraf flow karti hai aur thermal equilibrium tak jari rehti hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Heating se substances expand aur cooling se contract karte hain. Expansion rate: Gas &gt; Liquid &gt; Solid.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Heat transfer ke 3 methods conduction (solids), convection (fluids), aur radiation (no medium) hain.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Metals good conductors hain jabki wood, plastic, wool aur air insulators hain.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Sun ki heat Earth tak radiation ke zariye pohanchti hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Railway tracks aur bridges mein expansion joints hote hain. False ceilings, thick walls aur double-glazed windows buildings ko thermal insulation provide karte hain.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            
            &lt;!-- Urdu Content --&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;urdu-content&quot;&gt;
                &lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #e74c3c;&quot;&gt;ساتویں کلاس جنرل سائنس – یونٹ 10&lt;/h3&gt;
                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;یونٹ 9: ہیٹ اور ٹمپریچر (حرارت اور درجہ حرارت)&lt;/h4&gt;
                
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;یونٹ کا آسان خلاصہ:&lt;/strong&gt; ہیٹ اور ٹمپریچر (حرارت اور درجہ حرارت) میں ہم ہیٹ، ٹمپریچر، تھرمل انرجی، ٹمپریچر اسکیلز، تھرمل ایکسپینشن (حرارتی پھیلاؤ) اور ہیٹ ٹرانسفر (انتقالِ حرارت) کے 3 میتھڈز (طریقوں) کنڈکشن، کنویکشن اور ریڈی ایشن کے بارے میں سیکھتے ہیں۔ اس چیپٹر کا بنیادی اصول یہ ہے کہ میٹر (مادے) کے پارٹیکلز ہمیشہ حرکت (موشن) میں ہوتے ہیں۔ جب پارٹیکلز کی کائنیٹک انرجی (حرکی توانائی) انکریز ہوتی ہے تو ٹمپریچر بڑھتا ہے، اور ہیٹ ہمیشہ گرم جسم (ہاٹ باڈی) سے ٹھنڈے جسم (کولڈ باڈی) کی طرف ٹرانسفر ہوتی ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;1۔ کائنیٹک مولیکولر تھیوری (حرکیاتی مالیکیولی نظریہ)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;میٹر بہت چھوٹے پارٹیکلز سے مل کر بنا ہوتا ہے۔ یہ پارٹیکلز ایٹمز اور مالیکیولز کی فارم (شکل) میں ہوتے ہیں۔ میٹر کی 3 حالتیں (اسٹیٹس) ہیں:&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;سالڈ (ٹھوس):&lt;/b&gt; سالڈ میں پارٹیکلز ایک دوسرے کے بہت قریب ہوتے ہیں اور اپنی فکسڈ پوزیشن کے گرد وائبریٹ (تھرتھراتے) کرتے ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;لکوڈ (مائع):&lt;/b&gt; لکوڈ کے پارٹیکلز سالڈ کے مقابلے میں زیادہ آزادانہ (فریلی) موو کر سکتے ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;گیس:&lt;/b&gt; گیس کے پارٹیکلز ایک دوسرے سے دور ہوتے ہیں اور بہت فریلی موو کرتے ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                پارٹیکلز کے پاس موجود کائنیٹک انرجی حرکت کی وجہ سے اور پوٹینشل انرجی پارٹیکلز کے درمیان اٹریکشن کی وجہ سے ہوتی ہے۔ ان تمام پارٹیکلز کی کائنیٹک اور پوٹینشل انرجی کا مجموعہ (ٹوٹل) &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;تھرمل انرجی (حرارتی توانائی)&lt;/span&gt; کہلاتا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;2۔ ٹمپریچر (درجہ حرارت)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ٹمپریچر (درجہ حرارت)&lt;/span&gt; کسی باڈی (جسم) کے گرم (ہاٹ) یا ٹھنڈے (کولڈ) ہونے کی پیمائش (میژر) ہے۔ سائنسی طور پر، ٹمپریچر پارٹیکلز کی اوسط (ایوریج) کائنیٹک انرجی کا میژر ہے۔ اگر پارٹیکلز کی اوسط کائنیٹک انرجی زیادہ ہو تو ٹمپریچر زیادہ ہوگا، اور اگر کم ہو تو ٹمپریچر کم ہوگا۔ ٹمپریچر کو &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #8e44ad;&quot;&gt;تھرمامیٹر&lt;/span&gt; سے میژر کیا جاتا ہے۔ ٹمپریچر کا ایس آئی یونٹ &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #27ae60;&quot;&gt;کیلون (K)&lt;/span&gt; ہے۔ دوسری عام یونٹس سیلسیس (°C) اور فارن ہائیٹ (°F) ہیں۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;3۔ ہیٹنگ (گرم کرنے) سے ٹمپریچر کیوں بڑھتا ہے؟&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;جب کسی سبسٹنس (مادے) کو ہیٹ دی جاتی ہے تو اس کے پارٹیکلز زیادہ تیزی سے حرکت کرنے لگتے ہیں:&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;زیادہ ہیٹ &amp;rarr; تیز رفتار پارٹیکلز &amp;rarr; زیادہ کائنیٹک انرجی &amp;rarr; زیادہ ٹمپریچر&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                مثال کے طور پر جب پانی کو اسٹوو (چولہے) پر ہیٹ کیا جاتا ہے تو پانی کے پارٹیکلز کی کائنیٹک انرجی انکریز ہوتی ہے اور ٹمپریچر بڑھتا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;4۔ ٹمپریچر اسکیلز (درجہ حرارت کے پیمانے)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;ٹمپریچر کو 3 اہم اسکیلز پر میژر کیا جاتا ہے: کیلون، سیلسیس، اور فارن ہائیٹ۔&lt;/p&gt;
                
                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;اہم درجہ حرارت کی ویلیوز&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;حالت (Condition)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;سیلسیس (Celsius)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;کیلون (Kelvin)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;فارن ہائیٹ (Fahrenheit)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پانی جمتا ہے (Water freezes)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;0 ڈگری سینٹی گریڈ (0°C)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;273 کیلون (273 K)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;32 ڈگری فارن ہائیٹ (32°F)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پانی ابلتا ہے (Water boils)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;100 ڈگری سینٹی گریڈ (100°C)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;373 کیلون (373 K)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;212 ڈگری فارن ہائیٹ (212°F)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;انسانی جسم کا درجہ حرارت&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;37 ڈگری سینٹی گریڈ (37°C)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;310 کیلون (310 K)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;98.6 ڈگری فارن ہائیٹ (98.6°F)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ایبسولیوٹ زیرو (Absolute zero)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;-273 ڈگری سینٹی گریڈ (-273°C)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;0 کیلون (0 K)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;-459.4 ڈگری فارن ہائیٹ (-459.4°F)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #8e44ad; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;کیلون اسکیل (Kelvin Scale):&lt;/span&gt; سائنسی حساب کتاب (سائنٹفک کیلکولیشنز) میں عام طور پر استعمال ہوتی ہے۔ پانی کا جمنے کا نقطہ (فریزنگ پوائنٹ) = 273 کیلون اور ابلنے کا نقطہ (بوائلنگ پوائنٹ) = 373 کیلون ہے۔ کم سے کم ممکنہ درجہ حرارت = 0 کیلون ہے (جسے ایبسولیوٹ زیرو کہتے ہیں)۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;سیلسیس اسکیل (Celsius Scale):&lt;/span&gt; روزمرہ کی زندگی میں سب سے زیادہ عام استعمال ہونے والا ٹمپریچر اسکیل ہے۔ پانی 0 ڈگری سینٹی گریڈ پر جمتا ہے اور 100 ڈگری سینٹی گریڈ پر ابلتا ہے۔ ان کے درمیان 100 برابر حصے (ڈویژنز) ہوتے ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;فارن ہائیٹ اسکیل (Fahrenheit Scale):&lt;/span&gt; پانی 32 ڈگری فارن ہائیٹ پر جمتا ہے اور 212 ڈگری فارن ہائیٹ پر ابلتا ہے۔ ان کے درمیان 180 حصے ہوتے ہیں۔ یہ طبی مقاصد (کلینیکل پرپزز) کے لیے بھی استعمال ہوتی ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;8۔ ٹمپریچر تبدیل کرنے کے فارمولے&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;سیلسیس سے کیلون:&lt;/b&gt; T(K) = T(°C) + 273 (مثال: 37 ڈگری سینٹی گریڈ کو کیلون میں تبدیل کریں: 37 + 273 = 310 کیلون ہے۔)&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;سیلسیس سے فارن ہائیٹ:&lt;/b&gt; T(°F) = 1.8 × T(°C) + 32 (مثال: 37 ڈگری سینٹی گریڈ کو فارن ہائیٹ میں تبدیل کریں: 1.8 × 37 + 32 = 98.6 ڈگری فارن ہائیٹ ہے۔)&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;ایبسولیوٹ زیرو (Absolute Zero):&lt;/b&gt; کیلون اسکیل پر 0 کیلون کو ایبسولیوٹ زیرو کہتے ہیں۔ اس کی ویلیو تقریباً 0 K = -273°C ہے۔ یہ وہ سب سے کم درجہ حرارت ہے جہاں پارٹیکلز کی حرکت بالکل ختم ہو جاتی ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;10۔ ہیٹ (حرارت)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #c0392b; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ہیٹ (حرارت)&lt;/span&gt; انرجی کی وہ فارم (شکل) ہے جو گرم جسم (ہاٹر باڈی) سے ٹھنڈے جسم (کولڈر باڈی) کی طرف بہتی ہے۔ (&lt;b&gt;ہیٹ &amp;rarr; گرم سے ٹھنڈے کی طرف&lt;/b&gt;)۔ ہیٹ ٹرانسفر تب تک جاری رہتا ہے جب تک دونوں باڈیز کا ٹمپریچر ایک جیسا نہ ہو جائے، اس حالت کو تھرمل ایکویلیبریم (حرارتی توازن) کہتے ہیں۔ (مثال: اگر گرم کافی میں ٹھنڈا دودھ شامل کریں تو دونوں کا ٹمپریچر برابر ہونے لگتا ہے)۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;ہیٹ اور ٹمپریچر میں فرق&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ہیٹ (Heat)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ٹمپریچر (Temperature)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;یہ توانائی (انرجی) ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;یہ گرمی یا ٹھنڈک کی پیمائش ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;گرم سے ٹھنڈے کی طرف بہتی ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پارٹیکلز کی اوسط (ایوریج) کائنیٹک انرجی بتاتا ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ایس آئی یونٹ جول (Joule) ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ایس آئی یونٹ کیلون (K) ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;مادے کی مقدار سے بھی متعلق ہوتی ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;صرف اوسط کائنیٹک انرجی سے متعلق ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;اہم معلومات:&lt;/i&gt; ایک جیسے ٹمپریچر پر زیادہ مقدار والی باڈی میں ٹوٹل تھرمل انرجی زیادہ ہو سکتی ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;12۔ تھرمل ایکسپینشن (حرارتی پھیلاؤ)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;جب کسی سبسٹنس کو ہیٹ دی جاتی ہے اور اس کی لمبائی، رقبہ (ایریا) یا حجم (والیم) بڑھتا ہے تو اسے &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;تھرمل ایکسپینشن (حرارتی پھیلاؤ)&lt;/span&gt; کہتے ہیں۔ جب سبسٹنس ٹھنڈا ہوتا ہے اور اس کا سائز کم ہوتا ہے تو اسے &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;تھرمل کانٹریکشن (حرارتی سکڑاؤ)&lt;/span&gt; کہتے ہیں۔ (&lt;b&gt;گرمی &amp;rarr; پھیلاؤ | ٹھنڈک &amp;rarr; سکڑاؤ&lt;/b&gt;)۔ مادہ کی تینوں حالتیں پھیلتی اور سکڑتی ہیں۔ عام طور پر: &lt;b&gt;گیس &gt; لکوڈ &gt; سالڈ&lt;/b&gt;۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;سالڈز (ٹھوس اجسام) میں پھیلاؤ:&lt;/b&gt; سالڈ میں پارٹیکلز فکسڈ پوزیشنز کے گرد وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں۔ جب سالڈ کو ہیٹ دی جاتی ہے تو پارٹیکلز کی کائنیٹک انرجی بڑھتی ہے، جس سے تیز وائبریشنز ہوتی ہیں اور ذرات کے درمیان خلا بڑھنے سے پھیلاؤ ہوتا ہے۔ ٹھنڈا کرنے پر سکڑاؤ ہوتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;لکوڈز اور گیسوں میں پھیلاؤ:&lt;/b&gt; گرم کرنے پر پارٹیکلز کی کائنیٹک انرجی بڑھتی ہے اور وہ زیادہ موو کرتے ہیں، جس سے سبسٹنس پھیلتا ہے۔ ٹھنڈا کرنے پر سکڑتا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;15۔ تھرمل ایکسپینشن کی روزمرہ مثالیں&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;تھرمامیٹر:&lt;/b&gt; تھرمامیٹر میں لکوڈ ہیٹ ملنے پر پھیلتا ہے اور ٹیوب میں اوپر چڑھتا ہے، جس سے ٹمپریچر پڑھا جاتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;مرتبان کا دھاتی ڈھکن (میٹل جار لڈ):&lt;/b&gt; اگر گلاس جار کا میٹل لڈ پھنس جائے تو اس پر گرم پانی ڈالنے سے میٹل لڈ پھیلتا ہے اور آسانی سے کھل سکتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;ریلوے ٹریکس:&lt;/b&gt; ریلوے ٹریکس میں خالی جگہیں (گیپس) چھوڑی جاتی ہیں تاکہ گرمی میں ٹریکس پھیل سکیں اور مڑیں (بینڈ نہ ہوں)۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;پل (برجز):&lt;/b&gt; پلوں میں ایکسپینشن جوائنٹس (پھیلاؤ کے جوڑ) بنائے جاتے ہیں تاکہ ٹمپریچر کی تبدیلی کی وجہ سے پل محفوظ طریقے سے پھیل اور سکڑ سکے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;16۔ انتقالِ حرارت (ہیٹ ٹرانسفر)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;ہیٹ ہمیشہ ٹمپریچر کے فرق کی وجہ سے گرم آبجیکٹ سے ٹھنڈے آبجیکٹ کی طرف ٹرانسفر ہوتی ہے۔ ہیٹ ٹرانسفر کے 3 طریقے (میتھڈز) ہیں:&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;ul&gt;
                    &lt;li&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;کنڈکشن (Conduction):&lt;/span&gt; ہیٹ ٹرانسفر کا وہ طریقہ ہے جس میں ہیٹ پارٹیکلز کے باہمی ٹکراؤ/وائبریشن کے ذریعے گرم حصے سے ٹھنڈے حصے کی طرف ٹرانسفر ہوتی ہے۔ کنڈکشن زیادہ تر سالڈز (ٹھوس اجسام) میں اہم ہوتی ہے۔ (مثال: دھاتی چمچ کا ایک سرا گرم پانی میں رکھیں تو دوسرا سرا بھی گرم ہو جاتا ہے)۔ میٹلز ہیٹ کے اچھے کنڈکٹرز ہیں (جیسے تانبا، ایلومینیم، لوہا، اسٹیل) کیونکہ ان میں فری الیکٹرانز ہوتے ہیں۔ لکڑی، پلاسٹک، اون اور فر ہیٹ کے برے کنڈکٹرز (انسولیٹرز) ہیں۔ ہوا بھی اچھا انسولیٹر ہے۔ &lt;i&gt;اون کے ریشوں کے درمیان ہوا پھنس جاتی ہے جو جسم کی ہیٹ کو باہر نہیں نکلنے دیتی اور جسم کو گرم رکھتی ہے۔&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
                    &lt;li&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;کنویکشن (Convection):&lt;/span&gt; ہیٹ ٹرانسفر کا وہ طریقہ ہے جس میں ہیٹ فلوئڈز (مائعات اور گیسوں) کے پارٹیکلز کی حقیقی حرکت (ایکچوئل موومنٹ) سے ٹرانسفر ہوتی ہے۔ کنویکشن صرف لکوڈز اور گیسوں میں ہوتی ہے۔ (مثال: ابلتا ہوا پانی: نچلا پانی ہیٹ حاصل کر کے پھیلتا ہے اور ہلکا ہو کر اوپر جاتا ہے، جبکہ ٹھنڈا اور بھاری پانی نیچے آتا ہے۔ اس گھومنے والی حرکت کو کنویکشن کرنٹس کہتے ہیں)۔ دوسری مثالیں: گرم ہوا کے غبارے، نسیمِ بری، نسیمِ بحری۔&lt;/li&gt;
                    &lt;li&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #8e44ad; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ریڈی ایشن (Radiation):&lt;/span&gt; ہیٹ ٹرانسفر کا وہ طریقہ ہے جس میں ہیٹ الیکٹرو میگنیٹک ویوز کے ذریعے ٹرانسفر ہوتی ہے اور مادی میڈیم کی ضرورت نہیں ہوتی۔ ریڈی ایشن ویکیوم (خلا) میں بھی سفر کر سکتی ہے۔ (مثال: سورج کی ہیٹ زمین تک ریڈی ایشن کے ذریعے پہنچتی ہے، الیکٹرک ہیٹر سے ہیٹ محسوس ہونا)۔&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;/ul&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;کنڈکشن، کنویکشن اور ریڈی ایشن کا فرق&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;طریقہ (Method)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;میڈیم (Medium)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ہیٹ ٹرانسفر کیسے ہوتی ہے؟&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;مثال (Example)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;کنڈکشن&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;زیادہ تر ٹھوس (سالڈز)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پارٹیکلز کے ٹکراؤ سے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;دھاتی چمچ (میٹل اسپون)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;کنویکشن&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;لکوڈز اور گیسیں&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پارٹیکلز کی حقیقی حرکت سے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ابلتا پانی&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ریڈی ایشن&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;میڈیم کی ضرورت نہیں&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;الیکٹرو میگنیٹک ویوز سے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;سورج کی گرمی&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;آسان طریقہ: کنڈکشن = رابطہ (کنٹیکٹ) | کنویکشن = حرکت (موومنٹ) | ریڈی ایشن = شعاعیں (ریز)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;24۔ عمارتوں میں تھرمل انسولیشن (حرارتی رکاوٹ)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;عمارتوں میں ہیٹ ٹرانسفر کو کم کرنے کے لیے تھرمل انسولیشن کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے:&lt;br&gt;
                ۱۔ &lt;b&gt;فالس سیلنگ (جھوٹی چھت):&lt;/b&gt; چھت اور فالس سیلنگ کے درمیان ہوا کو پھنسایا جاتا ہے جو کہ بری کنڈکٹر ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                ۲۔ &lt;b&gt;سفید یا چمکدار چھت:&lt;/b&gt; چھت کو وائٹ واش کرنے سے سورج کی روشنی کی ہیٹ زیادہ ریفلیکٹ ہوتی ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                ۳۔ &lt;b&gt;موٹی دیواریں:&lt;/b&gt; موٹی دیواریں ہیٹ کو بلڈنگ کے اندر منتقل ہونے میں زیادہ وقت لیتی ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                ۴۔ &lt;b&gt;انسولیٹنگ پینلز:&lt;/b&gt; خاص پینلز دیواروں پر لگائے جاتے ہیں تاکہ ہیٹ ٹرانسفر کم ہو۔&lt;br&gt;
                ۵۔ &lt;b&gt;ڈبل گلیزڈ ونڈوز:&lt;/b&gt; دو گلاس شیٹس کے درمیان ہوا یا آرگان گیس ہوتی ہے جو ہیٹ ٹرانسفر کو کم کرتی ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;اہم فارمولے&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• سیلسیس سے کیلون: &lt;b&gt;K = °C + 273&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                • سیلسیس سے فارن ہائیٹ: &lt;b&gt;°F = 1.8 × °C + 32&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                • اہم ترین درجہ حرارت کی ویلیوز: 0°C = 273 K = 32°F | 100°C = 373 K = 212°F | 37°C = 310 K = 98.6°F | 0 K = -273°C&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;فوری اعادہ (Quick Revision)&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;اصطلاح (Term)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;آسان مطلب (Easy Meaning)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;تھرمل انرجی&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پارٹیکلز کی ٹوٹل کائنیٹک اور پوٹینشل انرجی&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;درجہ حرارت (Temperature)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پارٹیکلز کی اوسط (ایوریج) کائنیٹک انرجی&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;حرارت (Heat)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;گرم جسم سے ٹھنڈے جسم کی طرف منتقل ہونے والی انرجی&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;حرارتی پھیلاؤ (Thermal Expansion)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;گرم کرنے پر سائز کا بڑھنا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;حرارتی سکڑاؤ (Thermal Contraction)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ٹھنڈا کرنے پر سائز کا کم ہونا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;کنڈکشن (Conduction)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پارٹیکلز کے باہمی ٹکراؤ سے ہیٹ ٹرانسفر ہونا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;کنویکشن (Convection)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پارٹیکلز کی حقیقی حرکت سے ہیٹ ٹرانسفر ہونا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ریڈی ایشن (Radiation)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;الیکٹرو میگنیٹک ویوز سے ہیٹ ٹرانسفر ہونا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;حرارتی توازن (Thermal Equilibrium)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;جب دونوں اجسام کا درجہ حرارت برابر ہو جائے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;اچھا کنڈکٹر (Good Conductor)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ہیٹ کو آسانی سے منتقل کرتا ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;انسولیٹر (Insulator)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ہیٹ ٹرانسفر کو روکتا ہے یا کم کرتا ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ایبسولیوٹ زیرو (Absolute Zero)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;0 کیلون یا تقریباً -273 ڈگری سیلسیس&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;div style=&quot;border-right: 5px solid #2e7d32; padding-right: 15px; margin: 15px 0;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;h5 style=&quot;margin-top: 0; color: #2e7d32;&quot;&gt;امتحانی نقطہِ نظر سے اہم ترین نکات&lt;/h5&gt;
                    &lt;p&gt;• میٹر ایٹمز اور مالیکیولز کے پارٹیکلز سے مل کر بنا ہوتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • پارٹیکلز کے پاس کائنیٹک اور پوٹینشل انرجی ہوتی ہے جن کا مجموعہ تھرمل انرجی کہلاتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • ٹمپریچر پارٹیکلز کی اوسط کائنیٹک انرجی کی پیمائش ہے جو تھرمامیٹر سے میژر ہوتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • ٹمپریچر کا ایس آئی یونٹ کیلون (K) ہے، اور سیلسیس، کیلون اور فارن ہائیٹ اہم ٹمپریچر اسکیلز ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • ہیٹ گرم جسم سے ٹھنڈے جسم کی طرف فلو کرتی ہے اور ہیٹ ٹرانسفر تھرمل ایکویلیبریم تک جاری رہتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • گرم کرنے سے عام طور پر اشیاء پھیلتی ہیں اور ٹھنڈا کرنے سے سکڑتی ہیں۔ پھیلاؤ کی شرح: گیس &gt; لکوڈ &gt; سالڈ۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • ہیٹ ٹرانسفر کے 3 طریقے کنڈکشن، کنویکشن اور ریڈی ایشن ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • میٹلز ہیٹ کے اچھے کنڈکٹرز ہیں، جبکہ لکڑی، پلاسٹک، اون اور ہوا برے کنڈکٹرز/انسولیٹرز ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • کنویکشن لکوڈز اور گیسوں میں ہوتی ہے، جبکہ ریڈی ایشن کے لیے مادی میڈیم کی ضرورت نہیں ہوتی۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • سورج کی ہیٹ زمین تک ریڈی ایشن کے ذریعے پہنچتی ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • ریلوے ٹریکس اور پلوں میں پھیلاؤ کے لیے خالی جگہیں دی جاتی ہیں۔ فالس سیلنگز، موٹی دیواریں اور ڈبل گلیزڈ کھڑکیاں عمارتوں کو تھرمل انسولیشن فراہم کرتی ہیں۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    
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            &lt;h2&gt;📚 Table of Contents (Topics Main Headings)&lt;/h2&gt;
            &lt;ul id=&quot;toc-list&quot; class=&quot;toc-list&quot;&gt;
                &lt;!-- TOC items will be injected here dynamically --&gt;
            &lt;/ul&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;controls&quot;&gt;
            &lt;button class=&quot;btn btn-primary&quot; id=&quot;toggleAnswersBtn&quot;&gt;Show All Answers&lt;/button&gt;
            &lt;button class=&quot;btn btn-secondary&quot; id=&quot;resetQuizBtn&quot;&gt;Reset Quiz&lt;/button&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
        
        &lt;!-- Global Selection Notice --&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;global-selection-notice&quot;&gt;
            &lt;span class=&quot;urdu-text&quot;&gt;چار آپشن میں سے کسی پر بھی کلک کرنے سے جواب سبز ہو جائے گا&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
        
        &lt;div id=&quot;quiz-container&quot;&gt;
            &lt;!-- Questions will be loaded here --&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
        
        &lt;!-- FAQ Section - Updated design --&gt;
        &lt;div id=&quot;faq-container&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;faq-section&quot;&gt;
        &lt;h2&gt;Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)&lt;/h2&gt;
        
        &lt;!-- Visible FAQs (First 3) --&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;1. What is temperature?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a body.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;2. What is heat?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Heat is a form of energy that flows from a hotter body to a colder body.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;3. What are the three temperature scales?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;The three temperature scales are Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;!-- Hidden FAQs (Remaining 7) --&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;4. What is the SI unit of temperature?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;The SI unit of temperature is kelvin (K).&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;5. What is thermal expansion?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Thermal expansion is the increase in the length, area, volume, or size of a substance when it is heated.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;6. What are the three methods of heat transfer?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;The three methods of heat transfer are conduction, convection, and radiation.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;7. Why are metals good conductors of heat?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Metals have free electrons that can transfer heat energy quickly through the material.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;8. What is convection?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Convection is the transfer of heat through the actual movement of particles in liquids and gases.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;9. What is radiation?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves without requiring a material medium.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;10. Why are thermal insulation methods used in buildings?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Thermal insulation methods are used to reduce heat transfer and help maintain a comfortable temperature inside buildings.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;see-more-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;button id=&quot;seeMoreFaqBtn&quot; class=&quot;btn btn-primary&quot;&gt;See More FAQs&lt;/button&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;!-- Pagination --&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;pagination&quot; id=&quot;pagination&quot;&gt;
            &lt;!-- Pagination buttons will be added here --&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;!-- FOOTER AD SECTION HATA DIYA GAYA HAI --&gt;

    &lt;/div&gt; &lt;!-- End of no-blogger-overlap wrapper --&gt;
    
    &lt;!-- Hidden canvas for generating share images --&gt;
    &lt;canvas id=&quot;shareCanvas&quot; class=&quot;share-image-canvas&quot; width=&quot;1200&quot; height=&quot;630&quot;&gt;&lt;/canvas&gt;
    
    &lt;script&gt;
        // Social Media Icons Configuration - Easily change icons by updating these links
        const socialIcons = {
            facebook: &quot;https://cdn-icons-png.flaticon.com/512/124/124010.png&quot;,
            twitter: &quot;https://cdn-icons-png.flaticon.com/512/733/733579.png&quot;,
            whatsapp: &quot;https://cdn-icons-png.flaticon.com/512/220/220236.png&quot;,
            link: &quot;https://cdn-icons-png.flaticon.com/512/61/61020.png&quot;,
            sound: &quot;https://cdn-icons-png.flaticon.com/512/3161/3161837.png&quot; // Added sound icon
        };

        // STEP 2: adsCode Variable ko Update Karein
        const adsCode = `
            &lt;ins class=&quot;adsbygoogle&quot;
                 style=&quot;display:block&quot;
                 data-ad-client=&quot;ca-pub-4073269280727447&quot;
                 data-ad-slot=&quot;5355688513&quot;
                 data-ad-format=&quot;auto&quot;
                 data-full-width-responsive=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;
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        // STEP 3: applyAds Function ko Behtar Banayein (YAHAN ADD KIYA GAYA HAI)
        function applyAds() {
            const adContainers = document.querySelectorAll(&#39;.ad-container&#39;);
            adContainers.forEach(container =&gt; {
                container.innerHTML = adsCode; // Yeh ab sirf &lt;ins&gt; tag daalay ga
                try {
                    // Yeh line AdSense ko naye ad unit ko process karne ke liye kehti hai
                    (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
                } catch (e) {
                    console.error(&quot;AdSense error: &quot;, e);
                }
            });
        }

        // Updated Data with pdf: true property for demonstration
        const questions = [
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Introduction&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does matter consist of that combine to form molecules?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مادہ کن چھوٹے ذرات پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے جو مل کر مالیکیول بناتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Atoms&quot;, &quot;Fluids&quot;, &quot;Energy&quot;, &quot;Solids&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Atoms[/red] is correct because matter consists of [blue]tiny constituent particles called atoms[/blue], which bond together to form molecules.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایٹمز (Atoms)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مادہ بنیادی طور پر [blue]ایٹمز پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے[/blue] جو مل کر مالیکیول بناتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the three states of matter?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مادے کی تین حالتیں کون سی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solid, liquid and gas&quot;, &quot;Atom, molecule and gas&quot;, &quot;Motion, energy and heat&quot;, &quot;Fluid, gas and wave&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solid, liquid and gas[/red] is correct because the three fundamental classical states of matter are [blue]solid, liquid, and gas[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹھوس، مائع اور گیس (Solid, liquid and gas)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مادے کی تین بنیادی حالتیں [blue]ٹھوس، مائع اور گیس[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;According to kinetic molecular theory, how do particles in solids move?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کائنیٹک مالیکیولر تھیوری کے مطابق ٹھوس (solids) کے ذرات کیسے حرکت کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Flow freely&quot;, &quot;Leave their position&quot;, &quot;Only vibrate about mean position&quot;, &quot;Move in all directions&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Only vibrate about mean position[/red] is correct because solid particles are locked in fixed lattice sites and [blue]only vibrate about their mean positions[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]صرف اپنی اوسط جگہ پر وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹھوس کے ذرات اپنی پوزیشن چھوڑے بغیر [blue]صرف اپنی مین پوزیشن پر وائبریٹ[/blue] کرتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In fluids i.e., liquids and gases, what do particles do?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فلوئڈز (مائع اور گیسوں) میں ذرات کیا کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Particles flow&quot;, &quot;Vibrate only&quot;, &quot;Freeze completely&quot;, &quot;Do not move&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Particles flow[/red] is correct because fluids have weaker intermolecular forces which allow their [blue]particles to slide and flow freely[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ذرات بہتے ہیں (Particles flow)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مائع اور گیسوں میں ذرات ایک دوسرے کے اوپر [blue]آسانی سے بہہ سکتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Particles in which state of matter are more free to move than liquids?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کس حالت کے ذرات مائع (liquids) کی نسبت زیادہ آزادانہ حرکت کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solids&quot;, &quot;Gases&quot;, &quot;Atoms&quot;, &quot;Molecules&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Gases[/red] is correct because gas particles have negligible intermolecular attraction and [blue]move with complete freedom in all directions[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گیسیں (Gases)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گیسوں کے ذرات کے درمیان کشش نہ ہونے کے برابر ہوتی ہے اور وہ [blue]زیادہ آزادانہ حرکت[/blue] کرتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Particles have potential energy due to what interaction between them?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ذرات میں باہمی کس وجہ سے پوٹینشل انرجی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Attraction between them&quot;, &quot;Repulsion between them&quot;, &quot;High pressure&quot;, &quot;Fast motion&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Attraction between them[/red] is correct because inter-particle potential energy arises from the [blue]intermolecular forces of attraction[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]باہمی کشش کی وجہ سے (Attraction between them)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ذرات میں پوٹینشل انرجی ان کے [blue]درمیان پائی جانے والی کشش[/blue] سے پیدا ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Particles in which state have greater kinetic energy compared to liquids and solids?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مائع اور ٹھوس کے مقابلے میں کس حالت کے ذرات کی کائنیٹک انرجی زیادہ ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solids&quot;, &quot;Liquids&quot;, &quot;Gases&quot;, &quot;Atoms&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Gases[/red] is correct because gas molecules travel at high speeds, giving them the [blue]highest kinetic energy[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گیسیں (Gases)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گیس کے مالیکیولز تیز رفتاری سے حرکت کرتے ہیں جس کی وجہ سے ان کی [blue]کائنیٹک انرجی سب سے زیادہ[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Particles in which state of matter have the smallest kinetic energy?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کس حالت کے ذرات کی کائنیٹک انرجی سب سے کم (smallest) ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Gases&quot;, &quot;Liquids&quot;, &quot;Fluids&quot;, &quot;Solids&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solids[/red] is correct because particles in solids are restricted to localized vibrations, yielding the [blue]smallest kinetic energy[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹھوس (Solids)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹھوس کے ذرات صرف اپنی جگہ ہل سکتے ہیں اس لیے ان کی [blue]کائنیٹک انرجی سب سے کم[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the total kinetic energy and potential energy of all particles in a substance called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی شے کے تمام ذرات کی کل کائنیٹک اور پوٹینشل انرجی کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mechanical energy&quot;, &quot;Thermal energy&quot;, &quot;Wave energy&quot;, &quot;Light energy&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Thermal energy[/red] is correct because the sum of internal [blue]kinetic and potential energies of all constituent particles is thermal energy[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]تھرمل انرجی (Thermal energy)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کسی شے کے تمام ذرات کی کل کائنیٹک اور پوٹینشل انرجی کے مجموعے کو [blue]تھرمل انرجی[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Particles have kinetic energy due to what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ذرات میں کائنیٹک انرجی کس کی وجہ سے ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Attraction between them&quot;, &quot;Their motion&quot;, &quot;Their shape&quot;, &quot;Their color&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Their motion[/red] is correct because kinetic energy is inherently the [blue]energy possessed by particles due to their motion[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ان کی حرکت کی وجہ سے (Their motion)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کائنیٹک انرجی ذرات میں ان کی [blue]حرکت کی وجہ سے پیدا ہونے والی توانائی[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Temperature&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What device does a doctor read to tell that your body temperature is 100°F?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ڈاکٹر کس آلے سے دیکھ کر بتاتا ہے کہ آپ کا باڈی ٹمپریچر 100°F ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Barometer&quot;, &quot;Thermometer&quot;, &quot;Speedometer&quot;, &quot;Seismograph&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Thermometer[/red] is correct because a [blue]thermometer is the clinical instrument[/blue] used to measure thermal conditions and body temperature.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]تھرمامیٹر (Thermometer)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جسم کا درجہ حرارت ناپنے کے لیے [blue]تھرمامیٹر[/blue] کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;At what temperatures does water freeze and boil on the Celsius scale respectively?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سٹی ڈگری پر پانی بالترتیب کس ٹمپریچر پر جمتا (freezes) اور ابلتا (boils) ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;0°C and 100°C&quot;, &quot;100°C and 0°C&quot;, &quot;32°C and 212°C&quot;, &quot;0°C and 320 K&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]0°C and 100°C[/red] is correct because on the Celsius scale, pure water [blue]freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]0°C اور 100°C[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سیلسیس اسکیل پر پانی [blue]0°C پر جمتا ہے اور 100°C پر ابلتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;During winters, what happens to the temperature of Islamabad?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سردیوں میں اسلام آباد کا ٹمپریچر کس سے نیچے گر جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Falls below 100°C&quot;, &quot;Remains at 320 K&quot;, &quot;Rises to 100°F&quot;, &quot;Falls below 0°C&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Falls below 0°C[/red] is correct because sub-zero winter temperatures in cold regions often [blue]drop below the freezing point of 0°C[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]0°C سے نیچے گر جاتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سردیوں میں اسلام آباد کا ٹمپریچر اکثر [blue]فریزنگ پوائنٹ یعنی 0°C سے نیچے[/blue] چلا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the temperature of the lab mentioned in the examples?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مثالوں میں لیبارٹری کا ٹمپریچر کتنا بتایا گیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;0°C&quot;, &quot;100°F&quot;, &quot;320 K&quot;, &quot;100°C&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]320 K[/red] is correct according to the textbook reference example illustrating [blue]a laboratory temperature of 320 K[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]320 K[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فراہم کردہ کتابی مثال میں لیبارٹری کا ٹمپریچر [blue]320 K[/blue] درج کیا گیا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the measure of how hot or cold a body is called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی جسم کے گرم یا ٹھنڈا ہونے کی پیمائش کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Temperature&quot;, &quot;Heat&quot;, &quot;Thermal energy&quot;, &quot;Potential energy&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Temperature[/red] is correct because temperature quantifies the [blue]degree of hotness or coldness of an object[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹمپریچر (Temperature)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کسی جسم کی گرمی یا سردی کی شدت کی ڈگری کو [blue]ٹمپریچر (درجہ حرارت)[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Scientifically, temperature of a body is a measure of what property of its particles?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سائنسی لحاظ سے کسی جسم کا ٹمپریچر اس کے ذرات کی کس چیز کی پیمائش ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Total potential energy&quot;, &quot;Average kinetic energy of its particles&quot;, &quot;Total mass&quot;, &quot;Total volume&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Average kinetic energy of its particles[/red] is correct because macroscopic temperature is the direct measure of [blue]average molecular kinetic energy[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ذرات کی اوسط کائنیٹک انرجی کی[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سائنسی طور پر درجہ حرارت مالیکیولز کی [blue]اوسط کائنیٹک انرجی (Average K.E)[/blue] کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Temperature is measured using which instrument?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ٹمپریچر کی پیمائش کس آلے سے کی جاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Speaker&quot;, &quot;Ruler&quot;, &quot;Balance&quot;, &quot;Thermometer&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Thermometer[/red] is correct because the scientific device for measuring temperature is a [blue]thermometer[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]تھرمامیٹر (Thermometer)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹمپریچر معلوم کرنے کے لیے [blue]تھرمامیٹر[/blue] کا آلہ استعمال ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the SI unit of temperature?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ٹمپریچر کا SI یونٹ کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Celsius (°C)&quot;, &quot;Fahrenheit (°F)&quot;, &quot;Kelvin (K)&quot;, &quot;Joule (J)&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Kelvin (K)[/red] is correct because the International System (SI) base unit for thermodynamic temperature is the [blue]kelvin (K)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیلون یعنی K (Kelvin)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایس آئی سسٹم میں ٹمپریچر کی بنیادی اکائی [blue]کیلون (K)[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following are famous units of temperature alongside Kelvin?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیلون کے علاوہ ٹمپریچر کے دیگر مشہور یونٹس کون سے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Degree centigrade (°C) and degree fahrenheit (°F)&quot;, &quot;Joule and Watt&quot;, &quot;Meter and Second&quot;, &quot;Hertz and Pascal&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Degree centigrade (°C) and degree fahrenheit (°F)[/red] is correct because Celsius and Fahrenheit are standard [blue]common temperature scales[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ڈگری سینٹی گریڈ اور ڈگری فاہرن ہائٹ[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کیلون کے علاوہ [blue]°C اور °F[/blue] روزمرہ استعمال کے مقبول یونٹس ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;For what purpose is the temperature unit kelvin mostly used?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ٹمپریچر کا یونٹ کیلون (kelvin) زیادہ تر کس مقصد کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Clinical purposes&quot;, &quot;Scientific calculations&quot;, &quot;Weather reporting&quot;, &quot;Daily cooking&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Scientific calculations[/red] is correct because the absolute Kelvin scale starts from absolute zero, making it essential for [blue]scientific and thermodynamic equations[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سائنسی حساب کتاب کے لیے (Scientific calculations)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کیلون اسکیل کا استعمال زیادہ تر [blue]سائنسی تحقیقات اور حساب کتاب[/blue] میں ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;For what purpose is degree Fahrenheit usually used?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ڈگری فاہرن ہائٹ (degree Fahrenheit) عام طور پر کس مقصد کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Scientific calculations&quot;, &quot;Weather forecasts&quot;, &quot;Clinical purposes&quot;, &quot;Industrial heating&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Clinical purposes[/red] is correct because clinical thermometers and medical body readings traditionally utilize [blue]degree Fahrenheit (°F)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کلینکل یا طبی مقاصد کے لیے (Clinical purposes)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بخار اور جسمانی درجہ حرارت ناپنے کے لیے [blue]فاہرن ہائٹ اسکیل[/blue] استعمال ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;For what are degree centigrade units used?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ڈگری سینٹی گریڈ (degree centigrade) کس مقصد کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Normal daily life temperatures (for weather)&quot;, &quot;Clinical purposes only&quot;, &quot;Atomic calculations only&quot;, &quot;Deep space measurements&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Normal daily life temperatures (for weather)[/red] is correct because meteorological reports and everyday life monitor temperatures in [blue]degree Celsius (°C)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]روزمرہ کی زندگی اور موسم کے درجہ حرارت کے لیے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ عام ماحول اور موسم کے لیے [blue]ڈگری سینٹی گریڈ (°C)[/blue] استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A full glass of hot water has temperature of 40°C. If we pour half of water in pot, what will be the temperature of remaining half glass of water?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گرم پانی کے ایک بھرے گلاس کا ٹمپریچر 40°C ہے، اگر آدھا پانی برتن میں انڈیل دیا جائے تو باقی آدھے گلاس پانی کا ٹمپریچر کیا ہو گا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;20°C&quot;, &quot;40°C&quot;, &quot;80°C&quot;, &quot;0°C&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]40°C[/red] is correct because temperature is an intensive property measuring average kinetic energy per particle, so it [blue]remains at 40°C[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]40°C[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹمپریچر اوسط کائنیٹک انرجی کی پیمائش ہے، پانی آدھا کرنے سے [blue]درجہ حرارت تبدیل نہیں ہوتا اور 40°C ہی رہتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Temperature Scales&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is one of the three temperature scales?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کون سا ٹمپریچر اسکیل کی اقسام میں سے ایک ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Kelvin scale&quot;, &quot;Celsius scale&quot;, &quot;Fahrenheit scale&quot;, &quot;All of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All of the above[/red] is correct because the three standard thermometric scales are [blue]Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ تمام (All of the above)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ [blue]کیلون، سیلسیس اور فاہرن ہائٹ[/blue] تینوں ٹمپریچر ناپنے کے اہم اسکیلز ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What two reference points are marked to form a temperature scale?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ٹمپریچر اسکیل بنانے کے لیے کون سے دو فکسڈ پوائنٹس مارک کیے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Lower reference point and upper reference point&quot;, &quot;Mid point and end point&quot;, &quot;Zero point and hundred point&quot;, &quot;Cold point and hot point&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Lower reference point and upper reference point[/red] is correct because calibrating a scale requires fixed [blue]lower and upper reference points[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لوئر ریفرینس پوائنٹ اور اپر ریفرینس پوائنٹ[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اسکیل کی درجہ بندی [blue]لوئر اور اپر فکسڈ پوائنٹس[/blue] لگا کر کی جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is taken as the lower reference point on a temperature scale?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ٹمپریچر اسکیل پر نچلا ریفرینس پوائنٹ (lower reference point) کس کو مانا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Boiling point of water&quot;, &quot;Freezing point of water (melting point of ice)&quot;, &quot;Room temperature&quot;, &quot;Body temperature&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Freezing point of water (melting point of ice)[/red] is correct because the standard lower fixed point is the [blue]ice point / freezing point of pure water[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پانی کے جمنے کا مقام یعنی فریزنگ پوائنٹ[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ [blue]برف کا پگھلاؤ یا پانی کا فریزنگ پوائنٹ[/blue] لوئر ریفرینس پوائنٹ ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is taken as the upper reference point on a temperature scale?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ٹمپریچر اسکیل پر اوپری ریفرینس پوائنٹ (upper reference point) کس کو مانا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Freezing point of water&quot;, &quot;Melting point of ice&quot;, &quot;Boiling point of water&quot;, &quot;Room temperature&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Boiling point of water[/red] is correct because the standard upper fixed point is the [blue]steam point / boiling point of water[/blue] at 1 atm.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پانی کے ابلنے کا مقام (Boiling point of water)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ [blue]پانی کے بوائلنگ پوائنٹ[/blue] کو اپر ریفرینس پوائنٹ مقرر کیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How is the gap between reference points on a scale divided?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اسکیل پر ریفرینس پوائنٹس کے درمیانی فاصلے کو کس میں تقسیم کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Divisions of equal lengths&quot;, &quot;Unequal lengths&quot;, &quot;Random numbers&quot;, &quot;Single division&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Divisions of equal lengths[/red] is correct because thermometer calibration splits the interval into [blue]uniform, equal division lengths[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]برابر لمبائی کے حصوں میں (Divisions of equal lengths)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دونوں فکسڈ پوائنٹس کے فاصلے کو [blue]برابر درجوں میں تقسیم[/blue] کیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the number of divisions on a temperature scale equal to?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اسکیل پر ڈویژنز کی کل تعداد کس کے برابر ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sum of upper and lower points&quot;, &quot;Difference between upper and lower reference points values&quot;, &quot;Product of reference points&quot;, &quot;Always fixed at 50&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Difference between upper and lower reference points values[/red] is correct because: [blue]Divisions = Upper Point − Lower Point[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اپر اور لوئر ریفرینس پوائنٹس کی قیمتوں کے فرق کے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ڈویژنز کی تعداد [blue]اپر پوائنٹ منفی لوئر پوائنٹ[/blue] کے برابر ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Kelvin Scale&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the freezing point of water on the Kelvin scale?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیلون اسکیل پر پانی کے جمنے کا مقام (freezing point) کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;0 K&quot;, &quot;273 K&quot;, &quot;373 K&quot;, &quot;100 K&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]273 K[/red] is correct because pure ice melts/water freezes at [blue]273 K[/blue] on the thermodynamic Kelvin scale.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]273 K[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کیلون اسکیل پر پانی کا فریزنگ پوائنٹ [blue]273 K[/blue] مقرر ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the boiling point of water on the Kelvin scale?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیلون اسکیل پر پانی کے ابلنے کا مقام (boiling point) کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;273 K&quot;, &quot;100 K&quot;, &quot;373 K&quot;, &quot;0 K&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]373 K[/red] is correct because water boils at [blue]373 K[/blue] at standard 1 atm atmospheric pressure.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]373 K[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کیلون اسکیل پر پانی کا بوائلنگ پوائنٹ [blue]373 K[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many equal divisions does the Kelvin scale have between freezing and boiling points?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیلون اسکیل پر فریزنگ اور بوائلنگ پوائنٹس کے درمیان کتنے برابر ڈویژنز ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;100 equal divisions&quot;, &quot;180 equal divisions&quot;, &quot;273 equal divisions&quot;, &quot;373 equal divisions&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]100 equal divisions[/red] is correct because 373 K − 273 K equals exactly [blue]100 equal divisions[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]100 برابر ڈویژنز (100 equal divisions)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 373 K میں سے 273 K نکالنے پر [blue]100 برابر حصے[/blue] بنتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Celsius Scale&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which temperature scale is described as the most commonly used temperature scale?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سب سے زیادہ عام طور پر استعمال ہونے والا ٹمپریچر اسکیل کون سا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Kelvin scale&quot;, &quot;Fahrenheit scale&quot;, &quot;Celsius scale&quot;, &quot;Absolute scale&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Celsius scale[/red] is correct because worldwide daily life and laboratory work most frequently use the [blue]Celsius (°C) scale[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سیلسیس اسکیل (Celsius scale)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دنیا بھر میں سب سے عام طور پر [blue]سیلسیس اسکیل[/blue] کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the freezing point of water on the Celsius scale?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سیلسیس اسکیل پر پانی کا فریزنگ پوائنٹ (freezing point) کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;0°C&quot;, &quot;100°C&quot;, &quot;273°C&quot;, &quot;32°C&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]0°C[/red] is correct because the lower reference point for water freezing on the Celsius scale is defined as [blue]0°C[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]0°C[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سیلسیس اسکیل پر پانی کے جمنے کا مقام [blue]0°C[/blue] مقرر ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the boiling point of water on the Celsius scale?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سیلسیس اسکیل پر پانی کا بوائلنگ پوائنٹ (boiling point) کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;0°C&quot;, &quot;100°C&quot;, &quot;212°C&quot;, &quot;373°C&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]100°C[/red] is correct because the upper reference point for water boiling on the Celsius scale is [blue]100°C[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]100°C[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سیلسیس اسکیل پر پانی کا بوائلنگ پوائنٹ [blue]100°C[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A change of one kelvin is the same as a change of how much on the Celsius scale?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک کیلون (one kelvin) کی تبدیلی سیلسیس اسکیل پر کس تبدیلی کے برابر ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Change of one degree centigrade&quot;, &quot;Change of 100 degrees centigrade&quot;, &quot;Change of 273 degrees centigrade&quot;, &quot;Change of zero degree centigrade&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Change of one degree centigrade[/red] is correct because both Celsius and Kelvin scales share identical division increments of [blue]100 intervals (Δ1 K = Δ1 °C)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک ڈگری سینٹی گریڈ کی تبدیلی کے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دونوں اسکیلز میں 100 برابر حصے ہونے کی وجہ سے [blue]1 کیلون کی تبدیلی 1 ڈگری سینٹی گریڈ کے مساوی[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Fahrenheit Scale&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the freezing point of water on the Fahrenheit scale?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فاہرن ہائٹ اسکیل پر پانی کا فریزنگ پوائنٹ (freezing point) کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;0°F&quot;, &quot;32°F&quot;, &quot;100°F&quot;, &quot;212°F&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]32°F[/red] is correct because the lower reference point for water freezing on the Fahrenheit scale is [blue]32°F[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]32°F[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فاہرن ہائٹ اسکیل پر پانی کا فریزنگ پوائنٹ [blue]32°F[/blue] پر مارک کیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the boiling point of water on the Fahrenheit scale?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فاہرن ہائٹ اسکیل پر پانی کا بوائلنگ پوائنٹ (boiling point) کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;32°F&quot;, &quot;100°F&quot;, &quot;212°F&quot;, &quot;373°F&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]212°F[/red] is correct because the upper reference point for water boiling on the Fahrenheit scale is [blue]212°F[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]212°F[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فاہرن ہائٹ اسکیل پر پانی کا بوائلنگ پوائنٹ [blue]212°F[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many equal divisions does the Fahrenheit scale have between freezing and boiling points of water?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فاہرن ہائٹ اسکیل پر فریزنگ اور بوائلنگ پوائنٹس کے درمیان کتنے برابر ڈویژنز ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;100 equal divisions&quot;, &quot;273 equal divisions&quot;, &quot;32 equal divisions&quot;, &quot;180 equal divisions&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]180 equal divisions[/red] is correct because 212°F − 32°F yields exactly [blue]180 equal divisions[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]180 برابر ڈویژنز (180 equal divisions)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 212 اور 32 کے فرق سے فاہرن ہائٹ پر [blue]180 برابر حصے[/blue] بنتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How does a change of one degree Fahrenheit compare to a change of one degree centigrade or one kelvin?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک ڈگری فاہرن ہائٹ کی تبدیلی، ایک ڈگری سینٹی گریڈ یا ایک کیلون کی تبدیلی کے مقابلے میں کیسی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Greater than&quot;, &quot;Equal to&quot;, &quot;Less than&quot;, &quot;Double of&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Less than[/red] is correct because 1°F corresponds to [blue]5/9 (0.55) of a degree Celsius or Kelvin[/blue], making it a smaller interval.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کم ہوتی ہے (Less than)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 1°F کا درجہ سیلسیس یا کیلون کے مقابلے میں [blue]چھوٹا یعنی 5/9 حصہ[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Conversion Of Temperatures Between Different Scales&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the formula to convert temperature from Celsius to Kelvin Scale?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سیلسیس سے کیلون اسکیل میں ٹمپریچر تبدیل کرنے کا فارمولا کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;T(K) = T(C) + 273&quot;, &quot;T(K) = T(C) - 273&quot;, &quot;T(K) = 1.8 T(C)&quot;, &quot;T(K) = T(C) / 273&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]T(K) = T(C) + 273[/red] is correct because adding the 273.15 zero offset converts [blue]Celsius to Kelvin: T(K) = T(°C) + 273[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]T(K) = T(C) + 273[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سیلسیس کو کیلون میں تبدیل کرنے کا فارمولا [blue]T(K) = T(C) + 273[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In the conversion formula, what does T(K) represent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مساوات میں T(K) کس چیز کو ظاہر کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Temperature on Celsius scale&quot;, &quot;Temperature on Fahrenheit scale&quot;, &quot;Temperature on Kelvin scale&quot;, &quot;Time in seconds&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Temperature on Kelvin scale[/red] is correct because [blue]T(K)[/blue] denotes the temperature value expressed on the Kelvin scale.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیلون اسکیل پر ٹمپریچر[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فارمولے میں T(K) کا مطلب [blue]کیلون اسکیل پر درجہ حرارت[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the formula to convert temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit Scale?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سیلسیس سے فاہرن ہائٹ اسکیل میں ٹمپریچر تبدیل کرنے کا فارمولا کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;T(F) = T(C) + 32&quot;, &quot;T(F) = 1.8 T(C) + 32&quot;, &quot;T(F) = T(C) + 273&quot;, &quot;T(F) = 1.8 T(C) - 32&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]T(F) = 1.8 T(C) + 32[/red] is correct because scaling by 9/5 (1.8) and adding 32 gives [blue]T(°F) = 1.8 × T(°C) + 32[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]T(F) = 1.8 T(C) + 32[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سیلسیس کو فاہرن ہائٹ میں تبدیل کرنے کا مساواتی فارمولا [blue]T(F) = 1.8 T(C) + 32[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In the conversion formula, what does T(F) represent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فارمولے میں T(F) کس چیز کو ظاہر کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Temperature on Kelvin scale&quot;, &quot;Temperature on Celsius scale&quot;, &quot;Force in newton&quot;, &quot;Temperature on Fahrenheit scale&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Temperature on Fahrenheit scale[/red] is correct because [blue]T(F)[/blue] explicitly represents the thermodynamic value on the Fahrenheit scale.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]فاہرن ہائٹ اسکیل پر ٹمپریچر[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ T(F) کی علامت [blue]فاہرن ہائٹ اسکیل کے ٹمپریچر[/blue] کو ظاہر کرتی ہے۔&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the normal body temperature of a healthy person in Celsius?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;صحت مند انسان کے جسم کا ٹمپریچر سیلسیس میں کتنا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;0°C&quot;, &quot;100°C&quot;, &quot;37°C&quot;, &quot;310°C&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]37°C[/red] is correct because the physiological baseline core temperature of a healthy human body is [blue]37°C[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]37°C[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ صحت مند انسان کے جسم کا نارمل ٹمپریچر سیلسیس اسکیل پر [blue]37°C[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is 37°C temperature on the Kelvin scale?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیلون اسکیل پر 37°C ٹمپریچر کتنا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;273 K&quot;, &quot;310 K&quot;, &quot;373 K&quot;, &quot;98.6 K&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]310 K[/red] is correct because T(K) = 37 + 273 = [blue]310 K[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]310 K[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 37 میں 273 جمع کرنے سے کیلون میں قیمت [blue]310 K[/blue] حاصل ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
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    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In converting 37°C to Fahrenheit, what is the value calculated for 1.8 (37)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;37°C کو فاہرن ہائٹ میں تبدیل کرتے وقت 1.8 (37) کا حاصل کیا بنتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;37&quot;, &quot;98.6&quot;, &quot;310&quot;, &quot;66.6&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]66.6[/red] is correct because multiplying 1.8 by 37 gives [blue]66.6[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]66.6[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 1.8 کو 37 سے ضرب دینے پر حاصل ضرب [blue]66.6[/blue] بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the temperature of a healthy person (37°C) on the Fahrenheit scale?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فاہرن ہائٹ اسکیل پر صحت مند انسان کے جسم کا ٹمپریچر (37°C) کتنا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;98.6 °F&quot;, &quot;66.6 °F&quot;, &quot;100 °F&quot;, &quot;310 °F&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]98.6 °F[/red] is correct because T(F) = 66.6 + 32 = [blue]98.6 °F[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]98.6 °F[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 66.6 میں 32 جمع کرنے سے فاہرن ہائٹ پر ٹمپریچر [blue]98.6 °F[/blue] بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Do You Know?&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the lowest temperature on the Kelvin scale?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیلون اسکیل پر سب سے کم ٹمپریچر (lowest temperature) کون سا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;0 K&quot;, &quot;273 K&quot;, &quot;-273 K&quot;, &quot;100 K&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]0 K[/red] is correct because the lower baseline limit of the Kelvin thermodynamic scale is [blue]0 K[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]0 K[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کیلون اسکیل کا سب سے نچلا اور آخری درجہ [blue]0 K[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
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    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is 0 K on the Kelvin scale called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیلون اسکیل پر 0 K کو کیا کہا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Freezing point&quot;, &quot;Boiling point&quot;, &quot;Absolute zero&quot;, &quot;Room temperature&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Absolute zero[/red] is correct because 0 K represents [blue]absolute zero[/blue], the theoretical point where molecular thermal motion ceases.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ابسیلیوٹ زیرو (Absolute zero)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کیلون اسکیل پر 0 K کے مقام کو [blue]ابسیلیوٹ زیرو[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
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    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the value of absolute zero in Celsius at which all molecules stop moving?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سیلسیس میں ابسیلیوٹ زیرو (absolute zero) کی قیمت کیا ہے جس پر تمام مالیکیولز کی حرکت رک جاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;0°C&quot;, &quot;-273°C&quot;, &quot;100°C&quot;, &quot;373°C&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]-273°C[/red] is correct because 0 K corresponds to [blue]-273.15°C (approx. -273°C)[/blue] on the Celsius scale.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]-273°C[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سیلسیس اسکیل پر ابسیلیوٹ زیرو کی قیمت [blue]-273°C[/blue] بنتی ہے۔&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why is it NOT possible to reach absolute zero?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ابسیلیوٹ زیرو تک پہنچنا کیوں ممکن نہیں ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because water boils&quot;, &quot;Because heat is infinite&quot;, &quot;Because thermometer breaks&quot;, &quot;Because molecules are always moving&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because molecules are always moving[/red] is correct because quantum zero-point energy ensures that [blue]molecules always possess residual motion[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ مالیکیولز ہمیشہ حرکت میں رہتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مالیکیولز میں ہمیشہ کچھ حرکت باقی رہتی ہے اس لیے [blue]ابسیلیوٹ زیرو تک پہنچنا ممکن نہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why is the Kelvin scale mostly used in scientific calculations?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سائنسی حساب کتاب میں کیلون اسکیل کا استعمال زیادہ تر کیوں کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;It has only negative values&quot;, &quot;It has only positive values in it&quot;, &quot;It has no zero value&quot;, &quot;It is used for clinical purposes only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]It has only positive values in it[/red] is correct because starting at absolute zero (0 K), the Kelvin scale has [blue]no negative temperatures[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ اس میں صرف مثبت قیمتیں ہوتی ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کیلون اسکیل پر کوئی منفی قیمت نہیں ہوتی اور [blue]صرف مثبت قیمتیں[/blue] ہوتی ہیں۔&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Comparison Of Temperature Scales&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the values for water boils on the Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit scales respectively?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیلون، سیلسیس اور فاہرن ہائٹ اسکیلز پر پانی کے ابلنے (water boils) کی قیمتیں کیا ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;373K, 100°C, 212°F&quot;, &quot;310K, 37°C, 98°F&quot;, &quot;273K, 0°C, 32°F&quot;, &quot;0K, -273°C, -459°F&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]373K, 100°C, 212°F[/red] is correct because the normal boiling point of water is [blue]373 K = 100°C = 212°F[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]373K, 100°C, 212°F[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ تینوں اسکیلز پر پانی کا بوائلنگ پوائنٹ [blue]373K، 100°C اور 212°F[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the values for human body temperature across Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit scales?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;انسانی جسم کے ٹمپریچر (Human body temperature) کی قیمتیں تینوں اسکیلز پر کیا ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;373K, 100°C, 212°F&quot;, &quot;310K, 37°C, 98°F&quot;, &quot;0K, -273°C, -459°F&quot;, &quot;273K, 0°C, 32°F&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]310K, 37°C, 98°F[/red] is correct because normal human core body temperature aligns at [blue]310 K = 37°C = 98.6°F (approx. 98°F)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]310K, 37°C, 98°F[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ انسانی جسم کا نارمل درجہ حرارت [blue]310K، 37°C اور 98°F[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;what are the values for water freezes?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جدول کے مطابق پانی کے جمنے (water freezes) کی قیمتیں کیا ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;373K, 100°C, 212°F&quot;, &quot;310K, 37°C, 98°F&quot;, &quot;273K, 0°C, 32°F&quot;, &quot;0K, -273°C, -459°F&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]273K, 0°C, 32°F[/red] is correct because the freezing point of water across the three scales is [blue]273 K = 0°C = 32°F[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]273K, 0°C, 32°F[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ تینوں اسکیلز پر پانی کا فریزنگ پوائنٹ [blue]273K، 0°C اور 32°F[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the values for absolute zero across Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit scales?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ابسیلیوٹ زیرو (Absolute zero) کی قیمتیں تینوں اسکیلز پر کیا ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;373K, 100°C, 212°F&quot;, &quot;310K, 37°C, 98°F&quot;, &quot;273K, 0°C, 32°F&quot;, &quot;0 K, -273°C, -459°F&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]0 K, -273°C, -459°F[/red] is correct because absolute zero equates to [blue]0 K = -273°C = -459.67°F (approx. -459°F)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]0 K, -273°C, -459°F[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ابسیلیوٹ زیرو کی قیمت تینوں اسکیلز پر [blue]0 K، -273°C اور -459°F[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Heat&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Heat is a form of energy that flows from where to where?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہیٹ (حرارت) انرجی کی ایک قسم ہے جو کہاں سے کہاں کی طرف بہتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;From colder body to hotter body&quot;, &quot;From hotter body to colder body&quot;, &quot;Between cold bodies only&quot;, &quot;In vacuum only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]From hotter body to colder body[/red] is correct because thermal energy naturally transfers down a temperature gradient from [blue]a hotter body to a colder body[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گرم جسم سے ٹھنڈے جسم کی طرف[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہیٹ انرجی قدرتی طور پر ہمیشہ [blue]گرم جسم سے ٹھنڈے جسم کی طرف[/blue] بہتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When water in a pot is heated, its temperature rises due to an increase in what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب برتن میں پانی کو گرم کیا جاتا ہے تو اس کا ٹمپریچر کس چیز کے بڑھنے کی وجہ سے بڑھتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Potential energy of particles&quot;, &quot;Mass of particles&quot;, &quot;Increase in kinetic energy of the water particles&quot;, &quot;Volume of pot&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Increase in kinetic energy of the water particles[/red] is correct because absorbed thermal energy [blue]increases the average kinetic energy of the particles[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پانی کے ذرات کی کائنیٹک انرجی بڑھنے سے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ حرارت ملنے سے پانی کے ذرات کی [blue]کائنیٹک انرجی بڑھتی ہے[/blue] جس سے درجہ حرارت بڑھتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to heat when the temperature of a body increases?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب کسی جسم کا ٹمپریچر بڑھتا ہے تو وہ ہیٹ کا کیا کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;It absorbs heat&quot;, &quot;It loses heat&quot;, &quot;It freezes&quot;, &quot;It stops vibrating&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]It absorbs heat[/red] is correct because a temperature rise indicates that the object is [blue]absorbing thermal heat energy[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]وہ ہیٹ جذب کرتا ہے (It absorbs heat)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جب کسی جسم کا ٹمپریچر بڑھتا ہے تو وہ [blue]حرارت جذب کر رہا ہوتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to heat when the temperature of a body falls?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب کسی جسم کا ٹمپریچر گرتا ہے (falls) تو کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;It absorbs heat&quot;, &quot;It gains mass&quot;, &quot;It increases kinetic energy&quot;, &quot;It loses heat&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]It loses heat[/red] is correct because a cooling body with falling temperature is [blue]losing thermal heat to its surroundings[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]وہ ہیٹ خارج کرتا ہے (It loses heat)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جب کسی جسم کا ٹمپریچر گرتا ہے تو وہ [blue]حرارت خارج کر رہا ہوتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What amount of heat will a body at higher temperature have in it?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زیادہ ٹمپریچر والے جسم میں ہیٹ کی کتنی مقدار ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Greater amount of heat&quot;, &quot;Zero heat&quot;, &quot;Smaller amount of heat&quot;, &quot;Negative heat&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Greater amount of heat[/red] is correct because higher kinetic energy per particle generally gives a body a [blue]greater amount of internal thermal heat[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہیٹ کی زیادہ مقدار (Greater amount of heat)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زیادہ ٹمپریچر پر جسم میں [blue]حرارت کی مقدار زیادہ ہوتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Heat will flow faster between objects that have what condition?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کن اجسام کے درمیان ہیٹ زیادہ تیز (faster) بہے گی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Same temperature&quot;, &quot;Greater temperature difference&quot;, &quot;Equal mass&quot;, &quot;Zero heat&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Greater temperature difference[/red] is correct because the rate of heat transfer is directly proportional to the [blue]temperature difference (ΔT) between objects[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]جن میں ٹمپریچر کا فرق زیادہ ہو[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جتنا ٹمپریچر کا فرق زیادہ ہوگا [blue]حرارت اتنی ہی تیزی سے بہے گی[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Interesting Fact&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is observed when we start heating a pot having water in it on a stove?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چولہے پر رکھا پانی کا برتن گرم کرنا شروع کرنے پر کیا نظر آتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Water stays static&quot;, &quot;Water freezes&quot;, &quot;Water currents move and steam flows out&quot;, &quot;Water vanishes instantly&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Water currents move and steam flows out[/red] is correct because heating induces [blue]convection currents and evaporation steam[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پانی میں لہریں حرکت کرتی ہیں اور بھاپ نکلتی ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گرم کرنے پر پانی میں [blue]کنویکشن کرینٹس بنتے ہیں اور بھاپ نکلتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to the kinetic energy of molecules by heating?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گرمی دینے (heating) سے مالیکیولز کی کائنیٹک انرجی پر کیا اثر پڑتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Decreases&quot;, &quot;Increases by heating&quot;, &quot;Becomes zero&quot;, &quot;Remains static&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Increases by heating[/red] is correct because thermal input increases molecular velocity and thus [blue]increases molecular kinetic energy[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]حرارت دینے سے بڑھ جاتی ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گرم کرنے سے مالیکیولز کی حرکت اور [blue]کائنیٹک انرجی میں اضافہ ہوتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;By adding more heat to a substance, how do its particles move?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی شے کو مزید ہیٹ دینے پر اس کے ذرات کیسے حرکت کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Particles move faster&quot;, &quot;Particles move slower&quot;, &quot;Particles stop moving&quot;, &quot;Particles freeze&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Particles move faster[/red] is correct because adding heat increases average kinetic energy, causing [blue]particles to move faster[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ذرات زیادہ تیزی سے حرکت کرتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مزید حرارت ملنے پر [blue]ذرات کی رفتار تیز ہو جاتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which unit of temperature is usually used for clinical purposes?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;طبی مقاصد (clinical purposes) کے لیے عام طور پر کون سا یونٹ استعمال ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Kelvin&quot;, &quot;Degree centigrade&quot;, &quot;Joule&quot;, &quot;Degree Fahrenheit&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Degree Fahrenheit[/red] is correct because clinical patient temperature monitoring standardly uses [blue]degree Fahrenheit (°F)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ڈگری فاہرن ہائٹ (Degree Fahrenheit)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کلینکل اور میڈیکل مقاصد کے لیے [blue]ڈگری فاہرن ہائٹ[/blue] کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does the amount of heat in a body depend upon in addition to temperature?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی جسم میں ہیٹ کی مقدار کا انحصار ٹمپریچر کے علاوہ کس پر ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Speed of light&quot;, &quot;Amount of matter in it&quot;, &quot;Color of body&quot;, &quot;Shape of container&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Amount of matter in it[/red] is correct because heat is an extensive property depending on both [blue]temperature and mass (amount of matter)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اس میں موجود مادہ کی مقدار پر[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہیٹ کی کل مقدار کا انحصار ٹمپریچر کے ساتھ ساتھ [blue]مادے کی مقدار (mass)[/blue] پر بھی ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Compared to a full cup of tea at the same temperature, how much heat does a half cup of hot tea have?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک ہی ٹمپریچر پر، گرم چائے کے بھرے کپ کے مقابلے میں آدھے کپ میں ہیٹ کی کتنی مقدار ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Double heat&quot;, &quot;Equal heat&quot;, &quot;Zero heat&quot;, &quot;Half the amount of heat&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Half the amount of heat[/red] is correct because having half the mass at the identical temperature yields [blue]half the total thermal heat energy (Q = mcΔT)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہیٹ کی آدھی مقدار (Half the amount of heat)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مادہ آدھا ہونے کی وجہ سے اس میں [blue]حرارت کی مقدار بھی آدھی رہ جائے گی[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Heat will flow between touched bodies until they attain the same temperature, known as what state?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مختلف ٹمپریچر والے دو جسموں کو چھونے پر ہیٹ اس وقت تک بہتی ہے جب تک وہ ایک جیسا ٹمپریچر یعنی کیا حاصل نہ کر لیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Thermal equilibrium&quot;, &quot;Absolute zero&quot;, &quot;Boiling point&quot;, &quot;Freezing point&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Thermal equilibrium[/red] is correct because heat transfer stops when both bodies reach the same temperature in [blue]thermal equilibrium[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]تھرمل ایکویلیبریم (Thermal equilibrium)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ درجہ حرارت برابر ہونے پر جسم [blue]تھرمل ایکویلیبریم کی حالت[/blue] حاصل کر لیتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to hot coffee when cold milk is mixed in it?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب گرم کافی میں ٹھنڈا دودھ ملایا جاتا ہے تو گرم کافی کا کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Coffee gains heat&quot;, &quot;Coffee will lose heat and its temperature will decrease&quot;, &quot;Coffee temperature increases&quot;, &quot;Coffee starts boiling&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Coffee will lose heat and its temperature will decrease[/red] is correct because heat transfers from the hotter coffee to the colder milk, [blue]lowering the coffee&#39;s temperature[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کافی ہیٹ خارج کرے گی اور اس کا ٹمپریچر کم ہو جائے گا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گرم کافی ٹھنڈے دودھ کو حرارت دے کر [blue]اپنا ٹمپریچر کم کر لیتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to cold milk when it is mixed into hot coffee?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گرمی کافی میں ملائے جانے پر ٹھنڈا دودھ کیا کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Temperature decreases&quot;, &quot;Loses heat&quot;, &quot;Will absorb the heat and its temperature will increase&quot;, &quot;Freezes&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Will absorb the heat and its temperature will increase[/red] is correct because cold milk absorbs heat from hot coffee, [blue]raising the milk&#39;s temperature[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہیٹ جذب کرے گا اور اس کا ٹمپریچر بڑھ جائے گا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹھنڈا دودھ گرم کافی سے حرارت حاصل کر کے [blue]اپنا ٹمپریچر بڑھا لیتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the SI unit of energy?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;انرجی کا SI یونٹ کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Kelvin (K)&quot;, &quot;Celsius (°C)&quot;, &quot;Joule (J)&quot;, &quot;Watt (W)&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Joule (J)[/red] is correct because the International System of Units (SI) unit for all forms of work and energy is the [blue]joule (J)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]جول یعنی J (Joule)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ تمام اقسام کی انرجی کا بنیادی ایس آئی یونٹ [blue]جول (J)[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Who was James Prescott Joule, after whom the unit joule is named?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جیمز پریسکوٹ جول (James Prescott Joule) کون تھا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;English physicist and mathematician&quot;, &quot;French chemist&quot;, &quot;German biologist&quot;, &quot;American doctor&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]English physicist and mathematician[/red] is correct because James Prescott Joule was an [blue]English physicist and mathematician[/blue] renowned for studying the mechanical equivalent of heat.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]انگلش فزکس دان اور ریاضی دان[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جیمز پریسکوٹ جول انگلستان کا ایک مشہور [blue]فزکس دان اور ریاضی دان[/blue] تھا۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A full glass of hot water has 200J of heat. If we pour half of water in another glass, what will be the new amount of heat in the remaining half glass of water?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گرم پانی کے ایک بھرے گلاس میں 200J ہیٹ ہے۔ اگر آدھا پانی دوسرے گلاس میں انڈیل دیا جائے تو باقی آدھے گلاس میں ہیٹ کی نئی مقدار کیا ہوگی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;200J&quot;, &quot;100J&quot;, &quot;400J&quot;, &quot;500J&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]100J[/red] is correct because thermal heat is proportional to mass, so halving the volume cuts the heat content from [blue]200J to 100J[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]100J[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہیٹ کی مقدار مادہ کے ماس پر منحصر ہے، اس لیے پانی آدھا کرنے سے ہیٹ [blue]200J سے کم ہو کر 100J[/blue] رہ جائے گی۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Thermal Expansion&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the change in length, area, volume, shape or density of a substance when heated called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گرم کرنے پر کسی شے کی لمبائی، رقبہ، والیم، شکل یا ڈینسیٹی میں تبدیلی کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Thermal equilibrium&quot;, &quot;Thermal expansion&quot;, &quot;Temperature scale&quot;, &quot;Kinetic energy&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Thermal expansion[/red] is correct because the physical expansion of dimensions due to heating is [blue]thermal expansion[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]تھرمل ایکسپینشن (Thermal expansion)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گرم کرنے پر کسی شے کے سائز اور حجم میں اضافے کو [blue]تھرمل ایکسپینشن (حرارتی پھیلاؤ)[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What do all three states of matter do on heating and cooling respectively?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مادے کی تینوں حالتیں گرم اور ٹھنڈا کرنے پر بالترتیب کیا کرتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Expand on heating and contract on cooling&quot;, &quot;Contract on heating and expand on cooling&quot;, &quot;Freeze on heating and melt on cooling&quot;, &quot;Remain unchanged always&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Expand on heating and contract on cooling[/red] is correct because heating increases particle separation ([blue]expansion[/blue]) while cooling reduces it ([blue]contraction[/blue]).&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گرم کرنے پر پھیلتی ہیں اور ٹھنڈا کرنے پر سکڑتی ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مادے کی تمام حالتیں [blue]حرارت پا کر پھیلتی ہیں اور ٹھنڈک سے سکڑتی ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How is thermal expansion for different states (e.g., solid, liquid or gas) of the same substance?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک ہی شے کی مختلف حالتوں کے لیے تھرمل ایکسپینشن کیسی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Same for all states&quot;, &quot;Zero for all states&quot;, &quot;Different for different states&quot;, &quot;Equal to 100°C&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Different for different states[/red] is correct because solids, liquids, and gases have [blue]different coefficients of thermal expansion[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مختلف حالتوں کے لیے مختلف ہوتی ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایک ہی شے کے ٹھوس، مائع اور گیس میں [blue]پھیلاؤ کی شرح مختلف[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Usually, which state expands more than liquids?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;عام طور پر کون سی حالت مائع (liquids) کے مقابلے میں زیادہ پھیلتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solids&quot;, &quot;Ice&quot;, &quot;Metals&quot;, &quot;Gases&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Gases[/red] is correct because gases have the weakest intermolecular bonds and [blue]expand significantly more than liquids[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گیسیں (Gases)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گیسوں کے ذرات بہت آزاد ہوتے ہیں اور مائع کے مقابلے میں [blue]بہت زیادہ پھیلتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Usually, liquids expand more than which state of matter?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;عام طور پر مائع (liquids) کس حالت سے زیادہ پھیلتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Gases&quot;, &quot;Solids&quot;, &quot;Steam&quot;, &quot;Fluids&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solids[/red] is correct because liquids have looser binding forces than solids, so [blue]liquids expand more than solids[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹھوس (Solids)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مائع کے ذرات ٹھوس سے کم جڑے ہوتے ہیں اس لیے وہ [blue]ٹھوس کی نسبت زیادہ پھیلتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Thermal Expansion In Solids&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In solids, what do particles do about their mean position?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ٹھوس اشیا میں ذرات اپنی مین پوزیشن کے گرد کیا کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Flow freely&quot;, &quot;Leave their positions&quot;, &quot;Vibrate about mean position&quot;, &quot;Rotate in circles&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Vibrate about mean position[/red] is correct because strong solid bonds hold particles in place while they [blue]vibrate about their mean positions[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مین پوزیشن کے گرد وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹھوس کے ذرات اپنی جگہ نہیں چھوڑتے بلکہ [blue]صرف وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What do particles gain when a solid substance is heated?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب ٹھوس شے کو گرم کیا جاتا ہے تو اس کے ذرات کیا حاصل کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mass&quot;, &quot;Potential energy&quot;, &quot;Volume&quot;, &quot;Gain heat energy&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Gain heat energy[/red] is correct because heating provides input thermal energy that [blue]particles absorb as heat energy[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہیٹ انرجی حاصل کرتے ہیں (Gain heat energy)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گرم کرنے پر ٹھوس کے ذرات [blue]حرارتی توانائی جذب کر لیتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When a solid is heated, what happens to the vibrational kinetic energy and amplitude of its particles?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گرم کرنے پر ٹھوس کے ذرات کی وائبریشنل کائنیٹک انرجی اور ایمپلیٹیوڈ پر کیا اثر پڑتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Both decrease&quot;, &quot;Increases and vibrate with greater amplitude&quot;, &quot;Become zero&quot;, &quot;Remain constant&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Increases and vibrate with greater amplitude[/red] is correct because heated particles gain energy and [blue]vibrate with larger amplitude[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]بڑھ جاتی ہے اور وہ بڑے ایمپلیٹیوڈ سے وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ حرارت ملنے سے ذرات [blue]زیادہ تیزی اور بڑے فاصلے تک وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why does the size of a solid substance increase on heating?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گرم کرنے پر ٹھوس شے کا سائز کیوں بڑھتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Gap between neighbouring atoms increases&quot;, &quot;Atoms shrink&quot;, &quot;Mass decreases&quot;, &quot;Particles stop moving&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Gap between neighbouring atoms increases[/red] is correct because larger vibrational amplitudes force the [blue]mean inter-atomic spacing to expand[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ساتھ والے ایٹمز کے درمیان فاصلہ بڑھ جاتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایمپلیٹیوڈ بڑھنے سے [blue]ایٹمز کے درمیان درمیانی فاصلہ پھیل جاتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens if a hot solid is placed in air?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر گرم ٹھوس کو ہوا میں رکھا جائے تو کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;It gains more heat&quot;, &quot;It turns into gas&quot;, &quot;It will lose heat to surroundings&quot;, &quot;It expands more&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]It will lose heat to surroundings[/red] is correct because heat flows spontaneously from the hotter solid [blue]to the cooler surrounding air[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ ارد گرد کے ماحول کو ہیٹ خارج کرے گا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گرم ٹھوس قدرتی طور پر [blue]ٹھنڈی ہوا کو حرارت خارج کر دیتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to the vibrational K.E. and amplitude of particles when a hot solid cools?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ٹھنڈا ہونے پر ذرات کی وائبریشنل K.E اور ایمپلیٹیوڈ پر کیا اثر پڑتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Increase&quot;, &quot;Will decrease&quot;, &quot;Remain same&quot;, &quot;Become infinite&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Will decrease[/red] is correct because losing heat lowers thermal energy, so particle [blue]vibrational K.E. and amplitude decrease[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کم ہو جائے گی (Will decrease)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹھنڈا ہونے سے ذرات کی کائنیٹک انرجی اور [blue]وائبریشن کا ایمپلیٹیوڈ کم ہو جاتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why does a solid contract when it loses heat to surroundings?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہیٹ خارج کرنے پر ٹھوس کیوں سکڑتا (contract) ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Particles will come close to each other&quot;, &quot;Atoms expand&quot;, &quot;Size increases&quot;, &quot;Heat increases&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Particles will come close to each other[/red] is correct because reduced vibrational motion allows [blue]neighbouring particles to draw closer together[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ذرات ایک دوسرے کے قریب آ جاتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایمپلیٹیوڈ کم ہونے سے [blue]ایٹمز کے درمیان فاصلہ کم ہو جاتا ہے[/blue] اور وہ سکڑتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Before heat is applied to a solid, how do particles behave?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہیٹ ملنے سے پہلے ٹھوس کے ذرات کی حالت کیسی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Vibrate a little with atoms in fixed positions&quot;, &quot;Flow freely like liquids&quot;, &quot;Move with extreme speed&quot;, &quot;Leave their places&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Vibrate a little with atoms in fixed positions[/red] is correct because unheated solid particles have [blue]small-amplitude vibrations around fixed sites[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایٹمز فکسڈ جگہ پر رہتے ہوئے ہلکا سا وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ عام حالت میں ٹھوس کے ذرات [blue]کم ایمپلیٹیوڈ سے وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to the particles and space between atoms after heat is added?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہیٹ دینے کے بعد ذرات اور ایٹمز کے درمیانی فاصلے کا کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Increased kinetic energy vibrations&quot;, &quot;Expanded space between atoms&quot;, &quot;Vibrate around fixed position&quot;, &quot;All of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All of the above[/red] is correct because thermal excitation increases [blue]vibrational K.E., expands inter-atomic spacing, and retains fixed lattice sites[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ تمام (All of the above)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ حرارت ملنے سے [blue]کائنیٹک انرجی بڑھتی ہے اور ایٹمز کا درمیانی فاصلہ پھیلتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Thermal Expansion In Fluids (Liquids And Gases)&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In fluids (liquids and gases), how is the distance between particles compared to solids?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فلوئڈز (مائع اور گیسوں) میں ذرات کا درمیانی فاصلہ ٹھوس کی نسبت کیسا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;At large distance from each other&quot;, &quot;Very small distance&quot;, &quot;Zero distance&quot;, &quot;Completely fixed&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]At large distance from each other[/red] is correct because fluid particles are [blue]at larger average distances from each other[/blue] than packed solid lattices.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک دوسرے سے زیادہ فاصلے پر (At large distance)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فلوئڈز میں ذرات ٹھوس کے مقابلے میں [blue]زیادہ فاصلے پر ہوتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When a fluid is heated, what do its particles do?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب کسی فلوئڈ کو گرم کیا جاتا ہے تو اس کے ذرات کیا کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Stop moving completely&quot;, &quot;Freeze into solid&quot;, &quot;Start moving with greater K.E. and push each other&quot;, &quot;Come closer&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Start moving with greater K.E. and push each other[/red] is correct because heating speeds up fluid molecules, causing them to [blue]collide and push each other apart[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زیادہ K.E سے حرکت کرتے ہیں اور ایک دوسرے کو دھکیلتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے جس سے فلوئڈ کے [blue]حجم میں پھیلاؤ پیدا ہوتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens when a hot liquid is placed in air?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب کسی گرم مائع کو ہوا میں رکھا جاتا ہے تو کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Liquid absorbs more heat&quot;, &quot;Liquid expands rapidly&quot;, &quot;Temperature rises&quot;, &quot;Liquid will lose heat to its surroundings&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Liquid will lose heat to its surroundings[/red] is correct because the thermal gradient causes heat to [blue]flow from the liquid into the cooler air[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مائع اپنے ارد گرد کے ماحول کو ہیٹ خارج کرے گا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گرم مائع [blue]ماحول کی ٹھنڈی ہوا کو حرارت خارج کر دیتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When a hot liquid cools down, what happens to its particles and volume?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گرم مائع ٹھنڈا ہونے پر اس کے ذرات اور حجم کا کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Kinetic energy increases and it expands&quot;, &quot;Will decrease and it will contract&quot;, &quot;Amplitude becomes infinite&quot;, &quot;Volume remains constant&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Will decrease and it will contract[/red] is correct because lower thermal motion allows molecules to draw closer, causing the [blue]liquid to contract in volume[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کائنیٹک انرجی کم ہو جائے گی اور وہ سکڑ جائے گا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹھنڈا ہونے سے مائع کے [blue]ذرات قریب آتے ہیں اور حجم سکڑتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Effects Of Thermal Expansion&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What do all substances do on heating and cooling respectively (with some exceptions)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گرم اور ٹھنڈا کرنے پر تمام اشیاء (چند استثنیٰ کے ساتھ) بالترتیب کیا کرتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Contract on heating and expand on cooling&quot;, &quot;Expand on heating and contract on cooling&quot;, &quot;Freeze on heating&quot;, &quot;Remain completely unchanged&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Expand on heating and contract on cooling[/red] is correct because heating expands intermolecular spacing while cooling [blue]causes thermal contraction[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گرم کرنے پر پھیلتی ہیں اور ٹھنڈا کرنے پر سکڑتی ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اشیاء [blue]حرارت سے پھیلتی اور ٹھنڈک سے سکڑتی ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How is the property of thermal expansion and contraction utilized?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;تھرمل ایکسپینشن اور کانٹریکشن کی خصوصیت کا استعمال کہاں ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;In different ways in our daily life&quot;, &quot;In space only&quot;, &quot;Never used anywhere&quot;, &quot;In vacuum only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]In different ways in our daily life[/red] is correct because thermal expansion principles are utilized in [blue]thermometers, bimetallic strips, and engineering joints[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]روزمرہ کی زندگی میں مختلف طریقوں سے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ تھرمل ایکسپینشن کا استعمال [blue]تھرمامیٹرز، پلوں اور ریلوے پٹریوں میں[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Liquid In Thermometer&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What gets heat when a person with high fever puts a thermometer in his/her mouth?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب تیز بخار والا شخص منہ میں تھرمامیٹر رکھتا ہے تو کس چیز کو حرارت ملتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Metallic thermometer bulb and mercury&quot;, &quot;Glass cover only&quot;, &quot;Scale line only&quot;, &quot;Capillary tube end&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Metallic thermometer bulb and mercury[/red] is correct because body heat is conducted directly into the [blue]thermometer bulb and the mercury inside it[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]دھاتی بلب اور مرکری کو[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ منہ کی حرارت [blue]تھرمامیٹر کے بلب اور اندر موجود پارے (مرکری)[/blue] کو منتقل ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Where does mercury rise and when does it stop moving?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مرکری کہاں اوپر چڑھتا ہے اور کس وقت جا کر رکتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Rises in glass cover and never stops&quot;, &quot;Rises in bulb and freezes&quot;, &quot;Mercury rises in the capillary tube and stops after reaching thermal equilibrium&quot;, &quot;Drops to zero&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Mercury rises in the capillary tube and stops after reaching thermal equilibrium[/red] is correct because thermal expansion ceases once [blue]thermal equilibrium is established[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیپلیری ٹیوب میں اوپر چڑھتا ہے اور تھرمل ایکویلیبریم پر رک جاتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ درجہ حرارت برابر ہونے پر [blue]پارے کا پھیلاؤ رک جاتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;From which scale of the clinical thermometer do we take the temperature reading?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کلینکل تھرمامیٹر کے کس اسکیل سے ٹمپریچر کی ریڈنگ لی جاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Kelvin scale&quot;, &quot;Fahrenheit scale&quot;, &quot;Absolute scale&quot;, &quot;Barometer scale&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Fahrenheit scale[/red] is correct because clinical patient body thermometers are calibrated primarily along the [blue]Fahrenheit (°F) scale[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]فاہرن ہائٹ اسکیل (Fahrenheit scale)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کلینکل تھرمامیٹر پر بخار کی ریڈنگ [blue]فاہرن ہائٹ اسکیل[/blue] سے لی جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If you are unable to open the stuck lid of a glass jar, where should you place the lid for a few seconds?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر شیشے کے جار کا ڈھکن نہ کھل رہا ہو تو اسے چند سیکنڈز کے لیے کہاں رکھنا چاہیے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Under cold water&quot;, &quot;Under hot water&quot;, &quot;In the freezer&quot;, &quot;Under dry air&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Under hot water[/red] is correct because hot water heats the metal lid, causing it to [blue]expand faster than the glass and loosen[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گرم پانی کے نیچے (Under hot water)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گرم پانی سے دھاتی ڈھکن [blue]پھیل کر ڈھیلا ہو جاتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to the metal lid when placed under hot water?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گرم پانی کے نیچے رکھنے پر دھاتی ڈھکن (metal lid) پر کیا اثر پڑتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;It shrinks&quot;, &quot;It freezes&quot;, &quot;It breaks&quot;, &quot;Metal lid will expand and become loose&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Metal lid will expand and become loose[/red] is correct because metals have a high coefficient of thermal expansion, making the [blue]lid expand and loosen[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]دھاتی ڈھکن پھیل کر ڈھیلا ہو جائے گا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ حرارت سے دھات پھیلتی ہے جس کی وجہ سے [blue]ڈھکن آسانی سے کھل جاتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are left in the railway tracks?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ریلوے ٹریکس (railway tracks) کے درمیان کیا چھوڑے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Gaps&quot;, &quot;Water pipes&quot;, &quot;Electric wires&quot;, &quot;Glass sheets&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Gaps[/red] is correct because small expansion [blue]gaps are deliberately left between track segments[/blue] to allow for hot weather expansion.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]خالی جگہ یا گیپس (Gaps)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ریلوے پٹریوں کے درمیان حرارتی پھیلاؤ کے لیے [blue]گیپس چھوڑے جاتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why are gaps left in railway tracks?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ریلوے ٹریکس میں گیپس کیوں چھوڑے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;To stop trains&quot;, &quot;To pour water&quot;, &quot;So it could expand and contract easily in summers without buckling&quot;, &quot;To reduce train noise&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]So it could expand and contract easily in summers without buckling[/red] is correct because without gaps, thermal expansion would [blue]cause the rails to warp and buckle[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]تاکہ گرمیوں میں پٹریاں بغیر مڑے پھیل اور سکڑ سکیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گیپس نہ ہونے پر پٹریاں پھیل کر [blue]ٹیڑھی ہو سکتی ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are long bridges divided into with expansion joints between them?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لمبے پلوں (bridges) کو کس میں تقسیم کیا جاتا ہے جن کے درمیان ایکسپینشن جوائنٹس ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Large pillars&quot;, &quot;Small sections&quot;, &quot;Water channels&quot;, &quot;Iron cables&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Small sections[/red] is correct because dividing bridges into [blue]small sections with expansion joints[/blue] accommodates seasonal thermal expansion.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]چھوٹے حصوں میں (Small sections)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پلوں کو چھوٹے حصوں میں تقسیم کر کے [blue]ایکسپینشن جوائنٹس[/blue] لگائے جاتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What do expansion joints allow a bridge to do during summer?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایکسپینشن جوائنٹس کی وجہ سے گرمیوں کے دوران پل کو کیا فائد ہ ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Collapse instantly&quot;, &quot;Absorb river water&quot;, &quot;Move in circles&quot;, &quot;Expand and contract easily during summer without any damage&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Expand and contract easily during summer without any damage[/red] is correct because joints relieve internal stress by [blue]permitting free thermal expansion[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گرمیوں میں بغیر نقصان کے آسانی سے پھیل اور سکڑ سکتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ یہ جوڑ پل کو [blue]بغیر ٹوٹ پھوٹ کے پھیلنے کی جگہ دیتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Two electric wires (blue wire and red wire) are tied to poles. Which wire may break during winters?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کھمبوں سے دو الیکٹرک وائرز (بلیو وائر اور ریڈ وائر) باندھی گئی ہیں۔ سردیوں کے دوران کون سی تار کے ٹوٹنے کا خدشہ ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Tightly stretched wire&quot;, &quot;Sagging loose wire&quot;, &quot;Both wires equally&quot;, &quot;Neither wire&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Tightly stretched wire[/red] is correct because winter contraction shortens wires, causing extreme tension in [blue]tightly stretched wires that leads to snapping[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زیادہ کھنچی ہوئی تار (Tightly stretched wire)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سردیوں میں سکڑنے کی وجہ سے [blue]کھنچی ہوئی تار پر شدید تناؤ آ کر وہ ٹوٹ سکتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Transfer Of Heat&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Due to temperature difference, from where to where is heat always transferred?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ٹمپریچر کے فرق کی وجہ سے ہیٹ ہمیشہ کہاں سے کہاں منتقل ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;From cold objects to hot objects&quot;, &quot;From hot objects to cold objects&quot;, &quot;Between cold objects only&quot;, &quot;In vacuum only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]From hot objects to cold objects[/red] is correct because second-law thermodynamics dictates heat flows [blue]from higher temperature to lower temperature[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گرم اشیاء سے ٹھنڈی اشیاء کی طرف[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ حرارت کا بہاؤ ہمیشہ [blue]زیادہ ٹمپریچر سے کم ٹمپریچر والے جسم کی طرف[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is one of the three different methods to transfer heat?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہیٹ منتقل کرنے کے تین مختلف طریقوں میں سے کون سا ایک طریقہ ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Conduction&quot;, &quot;Convection&quot;, &quot;Radiation&quot;, &quot;All of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All of the above[/red] is correct because heat transfers by three distinct mechanisms: [blue]conduction, convection, and radiation[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ تمام (All of the above)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہیٹ کی منتقلی کے تین طریقے [blue]کنڈکشن، کنویکشن اور ریڈی ایشن[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Conduction&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In examples like a spoon on flame, fry-pan handles, or cooking in metallic pots, how is heat transferred?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگ پر چمچ رکھنا، فرائی پین کے ہینڈلز اور دھاتی برتنوں میں کھانا پکنا کس عمل سے ہیٹ منتقل کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Convection&quot;, &quot;Radiation&quot;, &quot;Conduction&quot;, &quot;Evaporation&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Conduction[/red] is correct because thermal energy travels through stationary solid metals via [blue]direct molecular conduction[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کنڈکشن (Conduction)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دھاتی چمچ اور برتنوں میں ٹھوس مادے کے ذریعے ہیٹ [blue]کنڈکشن کے طریقے سے[/blue] پھیلتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the method of transfer of heat from hot body to cold body by the vibrations of particles called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ذرات کی وائبریشنز کے ذریعے گرم جسم سے ٹھنڈے جسم کی طرف ہیٹ منتقل کرنے کا طریقہ کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Conduction&quot;, &quot;Convection&quot;, &quot;Radiation&quot;, &quot;Expansion&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Conduction[/red] is correct because particle-to-particle lattice vibrational transfer of thermal energy defines [blue]conduction[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کنڈکشن (Conduction)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ذرات کی باہمی وائبریشنز کے ذریعے حرارت منتقل ہونے کا عمل [blue]کنڈکشن[/blue] کہلاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Conduction takes place within a body from which part to its cold part?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کنڈکشن ایک ہی جسم کے اندر کس حصے سے ٹھنڈے حصے کی طرف ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Cold part&quot;, &quot;Outside air&quot;, &quot;Center only&quot;, &quot;Hot part of the body&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Hot part of the body[/red] is correct because thermal energy conducts internally from the [blue]hot part of the body to its colder regions[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]جسم کے گرم حصے سے (Hot part of the body)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کنڈکشن جسم کے [blue]گرم سرے سے ٹھنڈے سرے کی طرف[/blue] سفر کرتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In solids, how are the particles positioned relative to each other?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ٹھوس اشیاء میں ذرات کی پوزیشن ایک دوسرے کے لحاظ سے کیسی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Very close to each other&quot;, &quot;At large distances&quot;, &quot;Flowing freely&quot;, &quot;Separated completely&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Very close to each other[/red] is correct because solid particles are packed tightly [blue]very close to each other in fixed positions[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک دوسرے کے بہت قریب (Very close to each other)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹھوس کے اندر تمام ذرات [blue]بہت قریب قریب جڑے ہوتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to particles at one end of a metal rod when it is heated?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب میٹل راڈ کے ایک سرے کو گرم کیا جاتا ہے تو اس سرے کے ذرات کا کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Stop moving&quot;, &quot;Begins to vibrate more energetically&quot;, &quot;Leave the rod&quot;, &quot;Melt instantly&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Begins to vibrate more energetically[/red] is correct because heating provides kinetic energy that makes [blue]particles oscillate vigorously[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زیادہ توانائی سے وائبریٹ کرنے لگتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ حرارت ملنے سے اس سرے کے ذرات [blue]زیادہ تیزی سے وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Energetic particles collide with what to transfer heat energy to the other end of a rod?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پرتوان ذرات راڈ کے دوسرے سرے تک ہیٹ منتقل کرنے کے لیے کس سے ٹکراتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Outside air&quot;, &quot;Plastic handle&quot;, &quot;Neighbouring particles&quot;, &quot;Glass cover&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Neighbouring particles[/red] is correct because vibrating particles [blue]collide with neighbouring particles[/blue] to pass kinetic energy along the solid.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ساتھ والے ذرات سے (Neighbouring particles)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پرجوش ذرات [blue]اپنے ساتھ والے ذرات سے ٹکرا کر[/blue] انرجی آگے پہنچاتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How is heat transferred during conduction in solids?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ٹھوس اشیاء میں کنڈکشن کے دوران ہیٹ کس کے ذریعے منتقل ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;By the flow of liquid&quot;, &quot;By the vibrations of particles&quot;, &quot;By light rays&quot;, &quot;By air currents&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]By the vibrations of particles[/red] is correct because conduction in solids occurs via [blue]inter-particle vibrations and lattice collisions[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ذرات کی وائبریشنز کے ذریعے (By the vibrations of particles)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹھوس میں حرارت [blue]ذرات کی باہمی وائبریشنز[/blue] سے منتقل ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Good And Poor Conductors&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why are metals good conductors of heat?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دھاتیں (metals) ہیٹ کی اچھی کنڈکٹر کیوں ہوتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;They have free electrons&quot;, &quot;They have bound electrons&quot;, &quot;They block thermal energy&quot;, &quot;They do not conduct heat&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]They have free electrons[/red] is correct because delocalized [blue]free electrons move rapidly through metals[/blue] transferring heat quickly.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ان میں فری الیکٹرانز ہوتے ہیں (They have free electrons)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دھاتوں میں موجود [blue]فری الیکٹرانز تیزی سے حرارت منتقل کرتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What do free electrons in metals do to transfer heat energy quickly?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دھاتوں میں فری الیکٹرانز انرجی تیزی سے منتقل کرنے کے لیے کیا کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Move slow&quot;, &quot;Stop moving completely&quot;, &quot;Freeze in fixed places&quot;, &quot;Move fast and transfer the energy&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Move fast and transfer the energy[/red] is correct because free electrons gain kinetic energy and [blue]drift rapidly across the lattice transferring energy[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]تیزی سے حرکت کرتے ہیں اور انرجی منتقل کرتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فری الیکٹرانز [blue]تیزی سے حرکت کر کے گرمی دوسرے سرے تک پہنچاتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why are cooking utensils made up of metals?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پکانے کے برتن (cooking utensils) دھاتوں سے کیوں بنائے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Metals conduct heat fast and cooks the food easily&quot;, &quot;Metals block heat flow&quot;, &quot;Metals are insulators&quot;, &quot;Metals shrink when heated&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Metals conduct heat fast and cooks the food easily[/red] is correct because high thermal conductivity allows [blue]rapid heat transfer to the food[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]دھاتیں حرارت کو تیزی سے منتقل کر کے کھانا آسانی سے پکاتی ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دھاتوں کی [blue]کنڈکٹیوٹی تیز ہوتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are non-metals like wood, plastic, wool, and fur called because they do not conduct heat easily?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لکڑی، پلاسٹک، اون اور فر جیسے نان میٹلز کو ہیٹ منتقل نہ کرنے پر کیا کہا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Good conductors&quot;, &quot;Free electrons&quot;, &quot;Poor conductors of heat (insulators)&quot;, &quot;Metallic utensils&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Poor conductors of heat (insulators)[/red] is correct because materials that resist thermal conduction are [blue]poor conductors or insulators[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پور کنڈکٹرز یا انسولیٹرز (Insulators)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ حرارت کو نہ گزرنے دینے والے مادے [blue]انسولیٹرز یا پور کنڈکٹرز[/blue] کہلاتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In non-metals, how are the electrons described?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نان میٹلز (non-metals) میں الیکٹرانز کی حالت کیسی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Electrons are free to move&quot;, &quot;Electrons are bound&quot;, &quot;Electrons move fast&quot;, &quot;Electrons are missing&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Electrons are bound[/red] is correct because non-metals have tightly [blue]bound valence electrons that cannot move freely[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]الیکٹرانز جڑے ہوئے ہوتے ہیں (Electrons are bound)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نان میٹلز میں الیکٹرانز آزاد نہیں ہوتے بلکہ [blue]مضبوطی سے جڑے ہوتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In comparison of the three states of matter, which state are good conductors of heat than liquids and gases?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مادے کی تینوں حالتوں میں کون سی حالت مائع اور گیسوں سے زیادہ اچھی کنڈکٹر ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Liquids&quot;, &quot;Solids&quot;, &quot;Gases&quot;, &quot;Vacuum&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solids[/red] is correct because close particle spacing in solids allows for [blue]much better conduction than liquids or gases[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹھوس (Solids)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹھوس میں ذرات قریب ہونے کی وجہ سے وہ مائع اور گیسوں کے مقابلے میں [blue]بہتر کنڈکٹر ہوتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Air, which is a mixture of gases, is described as one of the best what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہوا جو کہ گیسوں کا آمیزہ ہے، بہترین کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Good conductors&quot;, &quot;Free electrons&quot;, &quot;Best insulators&quot;, &quot;Metals&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Best insulators[/red] is correct because trapped still air has widely spaced molecules, functioning as one of the [blue]best thermal insulators[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]بہترین انسولیٹرز (Best insulators)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہوا گیسوں کا آمیزہ ہے اور یہ گرمی کے خلاف [blue]بہترین انسولیٹر[/blue] کا کام کرتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why do we wear a wool sweater and wool clothes to keep our body warm?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہم جسم کو گرم رکھنے کے لیے اون کے سویٹر اور اون کے کپڑے کیوں پہنتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Wool sweaters trap the air inside it&quot;, &quot;Wool conducts heat fast&quot;, &quot;Wool generates electricity&quot;, &quot;Wool reflects light&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Wool sweaters trap the air inside it[/red] is correct because wool fibers create tiny pockets that [blue]trap insulating air[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ اون کے سویٹر ہوا کو اپنے اندر پھنسا لیتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اون کے اندر [blue]پھنسی ہوئی ہوا جسم کی گرمی کو باہر نہیں جانے دیتی[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why is heat not lost by our body when trapped air acts around us?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہوا کے پھنس جانے پر ہمارے جسم سے ہیٹ کیوں ضائع نہیں ہوتی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Air conducts heat fast&quot;, &quot;Body stops producing heat&quot;, &quot;Sweater melts&quot;, &quot;Air being insulator do not allow heat to conduct easily&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Air being insulator do not allow heat to conduct easily[/red] is correct because stationary air&#39;s low thermal conductivity [blue]blocks conductive heat loss[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہوا انسولیٹر ہونے کی وجہ سے ہیٹ کو آسانی سے منتقل نہیں ہونے دیتی[/red] درست ہے جس سے [blue]جسم کی حرارت محفوظ رہتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What do birds do to trap air in wings to remain warm in winters?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سردیوں میں گرم رہنے کے لیے پرندے اپنے پروں میں ہوا پھنسانے کی خاطر کیا کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Birds fluff out&quot;, &quot;Birds fly away&quot;, &quot;Birds shed wings&quot;, &quot;Birds swim&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Birds fluff out[/red] is correct because fluffing out feathers expands the space to [blue]trap a layer of insulating air[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پرندے اپنے پروں کو پھیلاتے ہیں (Birds fluff out)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پروں کو پھیلانے سے ان میں [blue]ہوا پھنس جاتی ہے جو حرارت روکتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Convection&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What do examples like water currents on boiling water and hot air balloons rising show?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ابلتے پانی کی لہریں اور گرم ہوا کا غبارہ اوپر اٹھنا کس عمل سے ہیٹ کی منتقلی کو ظاہر کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Conduction&quot;, &quot;Convection&quot;, &quot;Radiation&quot;, &quot;Evaporation&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Convection[/red] is correct because buoyant movement of warm fluids represents [blue]heat transfer by convection[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کنویکشن (Convection)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ابلتے پانی کے بہاؤ اور غبارے کا اوپر اٹھنا [blue]کنویکشن کی مثالیں ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the transfer of heat by actual movement of molecules from hot place to cold place called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مالیکیولز کی بالفعل حرکت سے گرم جگہ سے ٹھنڈی جگہ ہیٹ منتقل ہونے کا طریقہ کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Conduction&quot;, &quot;Insulation&quot;, &quot;Convection&quot;, &quot;Radiation&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Convection[/red] is correct because the physical bulk movement of warmer molecules displacing colder ones is [blue]convection[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کنویکشن (Convection)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مالیکیولز کے خود چل کر گرم سے ٹھنڈی جگہ جانے کے عمل کو [blue]کنویکشن[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In what states of matter can convection take place?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کنویکشن (convection) کا عمل کن حالتوں میں ہو سکتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solids only&quot;, &quot;Fluids (liquids and gases) only&quot;, &quot;Vacuum only&quot;, &quot;Metals only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Fluids (liquids and gases) only[/red] is correct because only fluids permit the [blue]free macroscopic motion of particles[/blue] needed for convection.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]صرف فلوئڈز یعنی مائع اور گیسوں میں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کنویکشن کے لیے ذرات کا آزادانہ حرکت کرنا ضروری ہے جو [blue]صرف فلوئڈز میں ممکن ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to the water touching the bottom of the pot when it first receives heat?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;برتن کے نچلے حصے کو چھونے والا پانی ہیٹ ملنے پر کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Expands and becomes less dense&quot;, &quot;Becomes more dense&quot;, &quot;Freezes completely&quot;, &quot;Contracts in volume&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Expands and becomes less dense[/red] is correct because thermal expansion lowers water density, causing it to [blue]become buoyant and rise[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پھیلتا ہے اور کم ڈینس (ہلکا) ہو جاتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گرم پانی پھیل کر [blue]ہلکا ہو جاتا ہے اور اوپر اٹھتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;During convection in heating water, which water flows downward and which rises up?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پانی گرم ہوتے وقت کون سا پانی نیچے بہتا ہے اور کون سا اوپر اٹھتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Hot water flows downward&quot;, &quot;Water stops moving&quot;, &quot;All water freezes&quot;, &quot;Cold water flows downward and hot water rises up&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Cold water flows downward and hot water rises up[/red] is correct because less dense hot water rises while [blue]denser cold water sinks to take its place[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹھنڈا پانی نیچے بہتا ہے اور گرم پانی اوپر اٹھتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہلکا گرم پانی اوپر اور [blue]بھاری ٹھنڈا پانی نیچے جاتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the circulating flow of water established during heating called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پانی کو گرم کرنے سے قائم ہونے والے گردشی بہاؤ کو کیا کہا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Electric currents&quot;, &quot;Convectional currents&quot;, &quot;Tidal waves&quot;, &quot;Static currents&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Convectional currents[/red] is correct because continuous cyclical loop circulation in heated fluid is a [blue]convection current[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کنویکشنل کرینٹس (Convectional currents)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پانی کے اس چکر کھاتے گردشی بہاؤ کو [blue]کنویکشنل کرینٹس[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How is heat transferred to warm all the water in the pot during convection?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کنویکشن کے دوران برتن کا پورا پانی گرم کرنے کے لیے ہیٹ کیسے منتقل ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Actual movement of particles from bottom to top&quot;, &quot;Vibration in fixed places&quot;, &quot;Radiation rays&quot;, &quot;Without particle movement&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Actual movement of particles from bottom to top[/red] is correct because fluid particles carry heat by [blue]physically migrating from hot bottom to cooler top[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نیچے سے اوپر کی طرف ذرات کی بالفعل حرکت سے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کنویکشن میں ذرات [blue]خود گرمی لے کر اوپر حرکت کرتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Interesting Fact&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to air near the earth surface during a hot day?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گرم دن کے دوران زمین کی سطح کے پاس موجود ہوا کے مالیکیولز کا کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Molecules gain greater kinetic energy, expands and becomes lighter&quot;, &quot;Freezes and becomes heavier&quot;, &quot;Stops moving completely&quot;, &quot;Contracts and sinks down&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Molecules gain greater kinetic energy, expands and becomes lighter[/red] is correct because ground heat warms the air layer, [blue]lowering its density[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مالیکیولز زیادہ کائنیٹک انرجی حاصل کرتے ہیں، پھیلتے ہیں اور ہلکے ہو جاتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زمین سے لگ کر ہوا [blue]گرم اور ہلکی ہو جاتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Where does the hot, lighter air move after expanding?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پھیلنے کے بعد گرم اور ہلکی ہوا کس طرف حرکت کرتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Moves downward&quot;, &quot;Moves in circles on ground&quot;, &quot;Rises straight up&quot;, &quot;Stays completely still&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Rises straight up[/red] is correct because lighter, low-density hot air is forced [blue]to rise upward by surrounding denser air[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سیدھی اوپر کی طرف اٹھتی ہے (Rises straight up)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کم ڈینسیٹی کی وجہ سے گرم ہوا [blue]سیدھی اوپر کی طرف چلی جاتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the upward moving air due to convection called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کنویکشن کی وجہ سے اوپر اٹھنے والی اس ہوا کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Conduction&quot;, &quot;Thermal&quot;, &quot;Radiation&quot;, &quot;Vacuum&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Thermal[/red] is correct because a column of rising warm air created by surface convection is scientifically termed a [blue]thermal[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]تھرمل (Thermal)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کنویکشن کی بدولت زمین سے اوپر اٹھنے والے گرم ہوا کے ستون کو [blue]تھرمل[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How do thermals help birds in the sky?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;تھرملز (thermals) آسمان میں پرندوں کی کس طرح مدد کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Helps to catch fish&quot;, &quot;Helps to sleep while flying&quot;, &quot;Helps to build nests&quot;, &quot;Fly for long time without fluttering their wings&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Fly for long time without fluttering their wings[/red] is correct because rising thermal updrafts give birds lift, allowing them to [blue]soar without flapping wings[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پر ہلائے بغیر دیر تک اڑنے میں مدد دیتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اوپر اٹھتی ہوا پرندوں کو [blue]بغیر پر ہلائے فضا میں تیرنے میں مدد دیتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which birds are called the best thermal climbers?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کن پرندوں کو بہترین تھرمل کلائمبرز (best thermal climbers) کہا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sparrows, pigeons and crows&quot;, &quot;Eagles, hawks and vultures&quot;, &quot;Ducks, swans and penguins&quot;, &quot;Parrots and hens&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Eagles, hawks and vultures[/red] is correct because these large soaring birds excel at [blue]riding thermal air columns to gain altitude[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]عقاب، باز اور گدھ (Eagles, hawks and vultures)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ یہ بڑے پرندے [blue]تھرملز پر سوار ہو کر بلندی پر اڑتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Blowing of winds especially near sea areas (Land and Sea Breeze) is due to which process?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سمندری علاقوں کے قریب ہواؤں کا چلنا (Land and Sea Breeze) کس عمل کی وجہ سے ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Conduction&quot;, &quot;Convection&quot;, &quot;Radiation&quot;, &quot;Insulation&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Convection[/red] is correct because differential heating of land and sea creates pressure gradients that drive [blue]convection breezes[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کنویکشن (Convection)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ خشکی اور تری کے الگ درجہ حرارت سے پیدا ہونے والے [blue]کنویکشنل کرینٹس نسیمِ بری و بحری چلاتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the breeze that blows from land towards the sea called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;خشکی سے سمندر کی طرف چلنے والی ہوا (breeze) کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sea Breeze&quot;, &quot;Land Breeze&quot;, &quot;Thermal&quot;, &quot;Radiation&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Land Breeze[/red] is correct because nighttime cooling makes land cooler than water, creating wind blowing [blue]from land towards the sea (Land Breeze)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لینڈ بریز یعنی نسیمِ بر (Land Breeze)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ رات کو خشکی سے سمندر کی طرف چلنے والی ٹھنڈی ہوا کو [blue]لینڈ بریز[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the breeze that blows from the sea towards the land called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سمندر سے خشکی کی طرف چلنے والی ہوا (breeze) کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sea Breeze&quot;, &quot;Land Breeze&quot;, &quot;Conduction&quot;, &quot;Insulation&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Sea Breeze[/red] is correct because daytime solar heating warms land faster than sea, drawing cool wind [blue]from sea towards land (Sea Breeze)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سی بریز یعنی نسیمِ بحر (Sea Breeze)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دن کے وقت سمندر سے خشکی کی طرف چلنے والی ٹھنڈی ہوا کو [blue]سی بریز[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Radiation&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why does heat from an electric heater NOT reach us by conduction or convection?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;الیکٹرک ہیٹر سے ہیٹ ہم تک کنڈکشن یا کنویکشن کے ذریعے کیوں نہیں پہنچتی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Air is poor conductor and heated air rises up&quot;, &quot;Air is a metal&quot;, &quot;Heater produces no heat&quot;, &quot;Air contracts&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Air is poor conductor and heated air rises up[/red] is correct because air blocks conduction and convective warm air rises toward the ceiling [blue]instead of sideways[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہوا ناقص کنڈکٹر ہے اور گرم ہوا اوپر اٹھ جاتی ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہوا کنڈکشن نہیں ہونے دیتی اور [blue]کنویکشن کی گرم ہوا اوپر چلی جاتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How does heat from the Sun travel millions of kilometers in empty space?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سورج سے انے والی ہیٹ لاکھوں کلومیٹر خالی خلا (empty space) میں سے ہم تک کیسے پہنچتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;By conduction&quot;, &quot;By convection&quot;, &quot;By radiation of heat&quot;, &quot;By air currents&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]By radiation of heat[/red] is correct because electromagnetic [blue]radiation propagates through the vacuum of space[/blue] without requiring any matter.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہیٹ ریڈی ایشن کے ذریعے (By radiation of heat)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سورج کی حرارت خلا میں سے [blue]ریڈی ایشن کے ذریعے[/blue] ہم تک پہنچتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why can neither conduction nor convection take place in a vacuum?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ویکیوم میں کنڈکشن اور کنویکشن کیوں نہیں ہو سکتیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Vacuum is too hot&quot;, &quot;As no material is present for transfer of heat&quot;, &quot;Vacuum has dense air&quot;, &quot;Heat moves too fast in vacuum&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]As no material is present for transfer of heat[/red] is correct because both conduction and convection strictly require [blue]material particles to transport energy[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ ہیٹ کی منتقلی کے لیے کوئی مادہ موجود نہیں ہوتا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کنڈکشن اور کنویکشن [blue]بغیر مادے کے ممکن نہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves with or without a material medium called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز کی شکل میں میڈیم کے ساتھ یا بغیر ہیٹ کی منتقلی کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Conduction&quot;, &quot;Convection&quot;, &quot;Radiation&quot;, &quot;Insulation&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Radiation[/red] is correct because the emission and propagation of thermal energy as [blue]electromagnetic waves is called radiation[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ریڈی ایشن (Radiation)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز کی صورت میں حرارت کا منتقل ہونا [blue]ریڈی ایشن[/blue] کہلاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In radiation, energy is transferred without involving what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ریڈی ایشن کے ذریعے انرجی کس کو شامل کیے بغیر منتقل ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Waves&quot;, &quot;Energy&quot;, &quot;Speed&quot;, &quot;Matter&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Matter[/red] is correct because radiative energy travels via photon fields [blue]without requiring intervening matter[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مادہ (Matter)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ریڈی ایشن کے عمل میں انرجی کو ایک جگہ سے دوسری جگہ جانے کے لیے [blue]مادے کی ضرورت نہیں ہوتی[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which electromagnetic waves carry the most amount of heat energy?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کون سی الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز سب سے زیادہ ہیٹ انرجی لے جاتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Radio waves&quot;, &quot;Infra-red (I.R.)&quot;, &quot;Visible light&quot;, &quot;X-rays&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Infra-red (I.R.)[/red] is correct because thermal radiation is predominantly emitted and absorbed across the [blue]infra-red (I.R.) spectrum[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]انفراریڈ یعنی I.R (Infra-red)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز میں سب سے زیادہ حرارتی توانائی [blue]انفراریڈ ویوز[/blue] میں ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which method is used to warm a green house even in winters?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سردیوں میں بھی گرین ہاؤس کو گرم رکھنے کے لیے کون سا طریقہ استعمال ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Conduction method&quot;, &quot;Convection method&quot;, &quot;Radiation method&quot;, &quot;Freezing method&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Radiation method[/red] is correct because solar [blue]radiation penetrates greenhouse glass[/blue] and gets trapped inside as infrared thermal energy.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ریڈی ایشن کا طریقہ (Radiation method)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سورج کی [blue]ریڈی ایشن شیشے سے اندر داخل ہو کر[/blue] گرین ہاؤس کو گرم رکھتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Thermal Insulation For Constructing Buildings&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Through which part does the most amount of heat enter a building?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;عمارت کے اندر ہیٹ کی سب سے زیادہ مقدار کس راستے سے داخل ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Windows&quot;, &quot;Roof&quot;, &quot;Floor&quot;, &quot;Doors&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Roof[/red] is correct because the large surface area of the [blue]roof receives direct, continuous overhead solar radiation[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]چھت (Roof)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ عمارت میں سورج کی سب سے زیادہ براہ راست حرارت [blue]چھت کے ذریعے[/blue] داخل ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which processes transfer heat into buildings?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کون سے طریقے عمارتوں میں ہیٹ منتقل کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;All three processes conduction, convection and radiation&quot;, &quot;Conduction only&quot;, &quot;Radiation only&quot;, &quot;Evaporation only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All three processes conduction, convection and radiation[/red] is correct because buildings gain heat through [blue]solar radiation, wall conduction, and air convection[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]تینوں طریقے کنڈکشن، کنویکشن اور ریڈی ایشن[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ عمارت میں حرارت [blue]تینوں قدرتی طریقوں سے[/blue] داخل ہو سکتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why are different thermal insulation methods adopted for buildings?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;عمارتوں میں تھرمل انسولیشن کے مختلف طریقے کیوں اپنائے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;To increase heat entry&quot;, &quot;To lower transfer of heat and maintain temperature&quot;, &quot;To increase power usage&quot;, &quot;To destroy walls&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]To lower transfer of heat and maintain temperature[/red] is correct because insulation [blue]minimizes heat ingress in summer and heat loss in winter[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہیٹ کی منتقلی کو کم کرنے اور اندرونی ٹمپریچر برقرار رکھنے کے لیے[/red] درست ہے تاکہ [blue]عمارت کو گرمی اور سردی سے محفوظ[/blue] رکھا جا سکے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How does a false ceiling below the roof reduce heat flow from roof to room?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چھت کے نیچے فالز سیلنگ (false ceiling) ہیٹ کے بہاؤ کو کیسے کم کرتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;With air trapped between ceiling and roof&quot;, &quot;By using metal plates&quot;, &quot;By pouring water&quot;, &quot;By opening windows&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]With air trapped between ceiling and roof[/red] is correct because the dead air space between the layers acts as an [blue]effective thermal insulator[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]چھت اور سیلنگ کے درمیان ہوا پھنسنے کی وجہ سے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پھنسی ہوئی ہوا [blue]بہترین انسولیٹر بن کر حرارت روکتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What do methods like laying reflectors, shining silvered surfaces, and white washing the roof top do?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چھت پر ریفلیکٹرز بچھانا، سلورڈ سرفیسز یا وائٹ واش کرنا کیا فائدہ دیتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Absorb all heat&quot;, &quot;Increase room heat&quot;, &quot;Reflect most of heat energy&quot;, &quot;Block air flow&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Reflect most of heat energy[/red] is correct because light-coloured and reflective surfaces [blue]reflect incident solar radiation away from the roof[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زیادہ تر ہیٹ انرجی کو ریفلیکٹ (واپس) کر دیتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سفید یا چمکدار سطحیں [blue]سورج کی شعاعوں کو جذب کرنے کے بجائے واپس لوٹا دیتی ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why may the thickness of the walls be increased during building construction?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;عمارت کی تعمیر میں دیواروں کی موٹائی (thickness) کیوں بڑھائی جاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;To trap rain water&quot;, &quot;To make walls light&quot;, &quot;To reflect sunlight&quot;, &quot;So heat will take longer to conduct through it&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]So heat will take longer to conduct through it[/red] is correct because greater thickness provides [blue]higher thermal resistance and delays conduction[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]تاکہ ہیٹ کو اندر پہنچنے میں زیادہ وقت لگے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ موٹی دیواروں سے [blue]حرارت کے گزرنے کا وقت بڑھ جاتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What panels are attached with front walls nowadays for thermal insulation?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;آج کل حرارتی تحفظ کے لیے سامنے کی دیواروں پر کون سے پینلز لگائے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Heavy metal panels&quot;, &quot;Wall insulating panels&quot;, &quot;Glass mirrors&quot;, &quot;Plastic frames&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Wall insulating panels[/red] is correct because modern facades use specialized [blue]wall insulating cladding panels[/blue] to block thermal gain.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]وال انسولیٹنگ پینلز (Wall insulating panels)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دیواروں سے حرارت روکنے کے لیے جدید [blue]وال انسولیٹنگ پینلز[/blue] لگائے جاتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is contained between the glass sheets of double glazed windows that provides good insulation?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ڈبل گلیزڈ کھڑکیوں کے شیشوں کے درمیان کیا موجود ہوتا ہے جو اچھی انسولیشن دیتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Water liquid&quot;, &quot;Air or argon gas&quot;, &quot;Solid metal&quot;, &quot;Mercury liquid&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Air or argon gas[/red] is correct because a sealed gap of [blue]inert argon gas or dry air[/blue] serves as an exceptional insulator.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہوا یا آرگن گیس (Air or argon gas)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ شیشوں کے درمیان موجود [blue]ہوا یا آرگن گیس[/blue] ہیٹ کو اندر آنے سے روکتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What do basic building insulation methods help to achieve inside the building?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;بلڈنگ انسولیشن کے تمام بنیادی طریقے عمارت کے اندر کیا فائدہ دیتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Help to maintain the temperature inside the building&quot;, &quot;Increase heat entry&quot;, &quot;Block air completely&quot;, &quot;Make walls thin&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Help to maintain the temperature inside the building[/red] is correct because insulation regulates indoor climate, [blue]maintaining comfortable interior temperatures[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]عمارت کے اندرونی ٹمپریچر کو برقرار رکھنے میں مدد دیتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ان سے [blue]اندر کا ماحول آرام دہ اور متوازن رہتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Key Points&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the total kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles in a substance called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی شے کے تمام ذرات کی کل کائنیٹک اور پوٹینشل انرجی کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mechanical energy&quot;, &quot;Thermal energy&quot;, &quot;Kinetic energy&quot;, &quot;Potential energy&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Thermal energy[/red] is correct because the microscopic sum of all atomic potential and kinetic energies is defined as [blue]thermal energy[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]تھرمل انرجی (Thermal energy)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ تمام ذرات کی مجموعی کائنیٹک اور پوٹینشل انرجی [blue]تھرمل انرجی[/blue] کہلاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What property of a body is a measure of the average kinetic energy of its particles?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی جسم کی کون سی خصوصیت اس کے ذرات کی اوسط کائنیٹک انرجی کی پیمائش ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Temperature of a body&quot;, &quot;Mass&quot;, &quot;Volume&quot;, &quot;Thermal expansion&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Temperature of a body[/red] is correct because [blue]temperature measures the average kinetic energy[/blue] of the particles in matter.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]جسم کا ٹمپریچر (Temperature of a body)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹمپریچر ذرات کی [blue]اوسط کائنیٹک انرجی کی پیمائش[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the three temperature scales?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ٹمپریچر کے تین اسکیلز کون سے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Joule, Watt and Pascal&quot;, &quot;Meter, Gram and Second&quot;, &quot;Solid, Liquid and Gas&quot;, &quot;Kelvin scale, Celsius scale and Fahrenheit scale&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Kelvin scale, Celsius scale and Fahrenheit scale[/red] is correct because the three standard thermometric scales are [blue]Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیلون اسکیل، سیلسیس اسکیل اور فاہرن ہائٹ اسکیل[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ درجہ حرارت کے تین بنیادی اسکیلز [blue]کیلون، سیلسیس اور فاہرن ہائٹ[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a form of thermal energy that flows from a hotter body to a colder body?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;تھرمل انرجی کی وہ قسم کیا ہے جو گرم جسم سے ٹھنڈے جسم کی طرف بہتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Work&quot;, &quot;Heat&quot;, &quot;Power&quot;, &quot;Expansion&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Heat[/red] is correct because [blue]heat is thermal energy in transit[/blue] from high to low temperature regions.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہیٹ یعنی حرارت (Heat)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گرم جسم سے ٹھنڈے جسم کی طرف منتقل ہونے والی انرجی کو [blue]ہیٹ (حرارت)[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Heat will continue to flow from a hot body to a cold body until they attain what state?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گرم جسم سے ٹھنڈے جسم میں ہیٹ اس وقت تک بہتی رہے گی جب تک وہ کون سی حالت حاصل نہ کر لیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Thermal expansion&quot;, &quot;Absolute zero&quot;, &quot;Thermal equilibrium&quot;, &quot;Conduction&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Thermal equilibrium[/red] is correct because heat exchange ceases at zero temperature differential in [blue]thermal equilibrium[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]تھرمل ایکویلیبریم (Thermal equilibrium)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دونوں کا ٹمپریچر برابر ہونے کی حالت [blue]تھرمل ایکویلیبریم[/blue] کہلاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the change in length, area, volume, shape or density when a substance is heated called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گرم کرنے پر کسی شے کی لمبائی، رقبہ، والیم، شکل یا ڈینسیٹی میں تبدیلی کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Thermal equilibrium&quot;, &quot;Thermal expansion&quot;, &quot;Temperature scale&quot;, &quot;Convection&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Thermal expansion[/red] is correct because the expansion of material dimensions due to heating is [blue]thermal expansion[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]تھرمل ایکسپینشن (Thermal expansion)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گرم کرنے پر شے کے حجم یا لمبائی میں اضافے کو [blue]تھرمل ایکسپینشن[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the three different methods to transfer heat?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہیٹ منتقل کرنے کے تین مختلف طریقے کون سے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Conduction, convection and radiation&quot;, &quot;Solid, liquid and gas&quot;, &quot;Kelvin, Celsius and Fahrenheit&quot;, &quot;Expansion, contraction and equilibrium&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Conduction, convection and radiation[/red] is correct because the three standard modes of heat transfer are [blue]conduction, convection, and radiation[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کنڈکشن، کنویکشن اور ریڈی ایشن[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ حرارت کی منتقلی کے تین طریقے [blue]کنڈکشن، کنویکشن اور ریڈی ایشن[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Exercise&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;\&quot;J\&quot; is the symbol for unit joule, it is the unit of what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;\&quot;J\&quot; جول (joule) کا سمبل ہے، یہ کس چیز کا یونٹ ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Temperature&quot;, &quot;Heat&quot;, &quot;Power&quot;, &quot;Voltage&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Heat[/red] is correct because the joule (J) is the SI unit measuring [blue]heat energy and work[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہیٹ یعنی حرارت (Heat)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جول (J) [blue]ہیٹ اور انرجی ناپنے کی بنیادی اکائی[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If your classroom temperature is 27°C, what is its value on the Kelvin scale?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر آپ کی کلاس روم کا ٹمپریچر 27°C ہے تو کیلون اسکیل پر اس کی قیمت کیا ہوگی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;27 K&quot;, &quot;373 K&quot;, &quot;300 K&quot;, &quot;246 K&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]300 K[/red] is correct because T(K) = 27 + 273 = [blue]300 K[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]300 K[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 27°C میں 273 جمع کرنے سے کیلون میں قیمت [blue]300 K[/blue] حاصل ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is the best conductor?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کون سا بہترین کنڈکٹر (best conductor) ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Wood&quot;, &quot;Water&quot;, &quot;Metal&quot;, &quot;Plastic&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Metal[/red] is correct because metals have dense lattices and [blue]abundant free electrons that conduct heat rapidly[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]میٹل یعنی دھات (Metal)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دھاتوں میں فری الیکٹرانز کی موجودگی انہیں [blue]بہترین کنڈکٹر بناتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which temperature among the following represents the melting point of ice?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کون سا ٹمپریچر برف کے پگھلاؤ (melting point of ice) کو ظاہر کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;0 K&quot;, &quot;32°C&quot;, &quot;273 K&quot;, &quot;0°F&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]273 K[/red] is correct because ice melts at [blue]0°C which equals 273 K[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]273 K[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ برف کے پگھلنے کا مقام 0°C ہے جو کیلون اسکیل پر [blue]273 K کے برابر ہوتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A mercury thermometer is used to measure temperature of a body. Which process is used in it?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;باڈی کا ٹمپریچر ماپنے کے لیے مرکری تھرمامیٹر استعمال ہوتا ہے، اس میں کون سا عمل استعمال ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Convection&quot;, &quot;Radiation&quot;, &quot;Thermal expansion&quot;, &quot;Insulation&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Thermal expansion[/red] is correct because a mercury thermometer operates by the [blue]thermal volumetric expansion of liquid mercury[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]تھرمل ایکسپینشن (Thermal expansion)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ تھرمامیٹر پارے کے [blue]حرارتی پھیلاؤ (تھرمل ایکسپینشن)[/blue] کے اصول پر کام کرتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is the worst conductor?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کون سا سب سے خراب کنڈکٹر (worst conductor) ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Metal&quot;, &quot;Wood&quot;, &quot;Wool&quot;, &quot;Air&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Air[/red] is correct because gases like air have widely spaced molecules, making air the [blue]worst conductor (best insulator)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہوا (Air)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہوا گیس ہونے کی وجہ سے سب سے ناقص کنڈکٹر اور [blue]بہترین انسولیٹر[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Conduction of heat best takes place in which state of matter?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہیٹ کی کنڈکشن سب سے بہترین کس میں ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solids&quot;, &quot;Fluids&quot;, &quot;Gases&quot;, &quot;Vacuum&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solids[/red] is correct because the closely packed lattice in solids provides the [blue]most efficient pathway for particle-to-particle conduction[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹھوس (Solids)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹھوس کے ذرات قریب جڑے ہونے کی وجہ سے [blue]کنڈکشن سب سے بہترین ٹھوس میں ہوتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Materials that trap air like fur, wool and saw dust are heat what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہوا کو پھنسانے والے مٹیریل جیسے فر، اون اور برادہ ہیٹ کے کیا ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Insulators&quot;, &quot;Conductors&quot;, &quot;Reflectors&quot;, &quot;Convectional devices&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Insulators[/red] is correct because trapped dead air prevents heat conduction, making these materials [blue]excellent heat insulators[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]انسولیٹرز (Insulators)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہوا کو روکنے والے مٹیریلز حرارت کو روک کر [blue]ہیٹ انسولیٹرز[/blue] کا کام کرتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The heat transfer that occurs due to a density difference in fluids is called what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فلوئڈز میں ڈینسیٹی کے فرق کی وجہ سے ہونے والی ہیٹ کی منتقلی کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Conduction&quot;, &quot;Radiation&quot;, &quot;Convection&quot;, &quot;Insulation&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Convection[/red] is correct because density differences drive buoyant fluid currents, transferring heat by [blue]convection[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کنویکشن (Convection)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فلوئڈز میں ڈینسیٹی کے فرق سے پیدا ہونے والے بہاؤ کو [blue]کنویکشن[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Huge amount of heat generated on the Sun reaches Earth by what method?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سورج پر پیدا ہونے والی ہیٹ کی بڑی مقدار زمین تک کس کے ذریعے پہنچتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Radiation only&quot;, &quot;Convection only&quot;, &quot;Convection and radiation&quot;, &quot;Conduction, convection and radiation&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Radiation only[/red] is correct because space is a vacuum that blocks conduction and convection, so solar energy travels via [blue]radiation only[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]صرف ریڈی ایشن (Radiation only)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ خلا میں مادہ نہ ہونے کی وجہ سے سورج کی حرارت زمین تک [blue]صرف ریڈی ایشن کے ذریعے[/blue] پہنچتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  }
                    ];

       
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                optionTextColor: &#39;#333333&#39;,
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                padding: 40,
                questionFontSize: 36,
                urduFontSize: 32,
                optionFontSize: 28,
                noticeFontSize: 24,
                correctAnswerFontSize: 28,
                overlayOpacity: 0.7
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        let answersShown = false;
        let selectedOptions = {};
        let currentPage = 1;
        let speechSynthesis = window.speechSynthesis;
        let contentExpanded = false;
        let contentInUrdu = false;
        
        function getCurrentPageFromURL() {
            const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
            const page = parseInt(urlParams.get(&#39;page&#39;));
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        function updateURL(page) {
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            text = text.replace(/\[blue\](.*?)\[\/blue\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-blue&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            text = text.replace(/\[green\](.*?)\[\/green\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-green&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
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        // =========================================================
        // ============ TOC / SCROLL LOGIC START ===================
        // =========================================================
        function generateTOC() {
            const tocContainer = document.getElementById(&#39;toc-container&#39;);
            const tocList = document.getElementById(&#39;toc-list&#39;);
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                        li.classList.add(&#39;hidden-toc-item&#39;);
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                    tocList.appendChild(li);
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                btnContainer.id = &#39;toc-see-more-btn-container&#39;;
                btnContainer.style.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                btnContainer.style.marginTop = &#39;20px&#39;;
                btnContainer.style.gridColumn = &#39;1 / -1&#39;; // To span full width if in grid

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                seeMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;See More Headings&#39;;
                seeMoreBtn.onclick = function() {
                    const hiddenItems = tocList.querySelectorAll(&#39;.hidden-toc-item&#39;);
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                btnContainer.appendChild(seeMoreBtn);
                tocContainer.appendChild(btnContainer);
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            if (hasTopics) {
                tocContainer.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
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        function scrollToTopic(questionIndex) {
            const targetPage = Math.floor(questionIndex / config.questionsPerPage) + 1;
            
            if (targetPage === currentPage) {
                executeScrollHighlight(questionIndex);
            } else {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + `?page=${targetPage}&amp;scrollTo=${questionIndex}`;
            }
        }

        function executeScrollHighlight(index) {
            const element = document.getElementById(`q-card-${index}`);
            const headingElement = document.getElementById(`heading-for-${index}`);
            
            const targetElement = headingElement || element;
            
            if (targetElement) {
                targetElement.scrollIntoView({ behavior: &#39;smooth&#39;, block: &#39;center&#39; });
                if(element) {
                    element.classList.add(&#39;highlight-scroll&#39;);
                    setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                        element.classList.remove(&#39;highlight-scroll&#39;);
                    }, 2500); 
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        function checkScrollOnLoad() {
            const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
            const scrollToIdx = urlParams.get(&#39;scrollTo&#39;);
            
            if (scrollToIdx !== null) {
                setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                    executeScrollHighlight(parseInt(scrollToIdx));
                    const newUrl = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + currentPage;
                    window.history.replaceState({}, &#39;&#39;, newUrl);
                }, 800);
            }
        }
        // =========================================================
        // ============ TOC / SCROLL LOGIC END =====================
        // =========================================================


        function loadQuestions(page = 1) {
            currentPage = page;
            updateURL(page);
            const quizContainer = document.getElementById(&#39;quiz-container&#39;);
            quizContainer.innerHTML = &#39;&#39;;
            
            const startIndex = (page - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const q = questions[i];

                // TOC: Add Topic Heading if exists
                if (q.topicHeading) {
                    const headingDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    headingDiv.className = &#39;in-quiz-topic-heading&#39;;
                    headingDiv.id = `heading-for-${i}`; 
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                    questionElement.appendChild(badge);
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                const questionTextContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
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                    if (q.questionLink) {
                        window.location.href = q.questionLink;
                    }
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                const questionNumber = i + 1;

                questionTextContainer.innerHTML = `
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                  &lt;span class=&quot;urdu-text&quot;&gt;${q.urdu}&lt;/span&gt;
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                questionElement.appendChild(questionTextContainer);

                if (q.ttsEnabled) {
                    const ttsButton = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                    ttsButton.className = &#39;tts-btn&#39;;
                    ttsButton.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.sound}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Listen Question&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    ttsButton.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                        e.stopPropagation();
                        speakQuestion(q);
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                    questionElement.appendChild(ttsButton);
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                const optionsDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                optionsDiv.className = &#39;options&#39;;
                optionsDiv.id = `options-${i}`;
                q.options.forEach((option, j) =&gt; {
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                    optionDiv.className = &#39;option&#39;;
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                        e.stopPropagation();
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                    shareButtons.className = &#39;share-buttons&#39;;
                    
                    const whatsappBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                    whatsappBtn.className = &#39;share-btn whatsapp-btn&#39;;
                    whatsappBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.whatsapp}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Share via WhatsApp&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    whatsappBtn.onclick = () =&gt; shareQuestionWithImage(i, &#39;whatsapp&#39;);
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                    const copyLinkBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                    copyLinkBtn.className = &#39;share-btn copy-link-btn&#39;;
                    copyLinkBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.link}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Copy Link&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    copyLinkBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                        const link = q.questionLink || window.location.href;
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                            copyLinkBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.link}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Copied!&lt;/span&gt;`;
                            copyLinkBtn.classList.add(&#39;copied&#39;);
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                                copyLinkBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.link}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Copy Link&lt;/span&gt;`;
                                copyLinkBtn.classList.remove(&#39;copied&#39;);
                            }, 2000);
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                    shareButtons.appendChild(copyLinkBtn);
                    
                    questionElement.appendChild(shareButtons);
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                const explanationBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                explanationBtn.className = &#39;explanation-btn&#39;;
                explanationBtn.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                    e.stopPropagation();
                    toggleExplanation(i);
                };
                explanationBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&lt;span&gt;اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں&lt;/span&gt;&#39;;
                
                // START: *** NEW LAYOUT LOGIC ***
                // Create a container for the action buttons
                const actionsContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                actionsContainer.className = &#39;question-actions&#39;;

                // Add the explanation button to the container
                actionsContainer.appendChild(explanationBtn);

                // Add the MODERN comment icon to the container
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                    actionsContainer.appendChild(commentLink);
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                // Add the actions container to the main question element
                questionElement.appendChild(actionsContainer);
                // END: *** NEW LAYOUT LOGIC ***


                const explanationDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationDiv.className = &#39;explanation&#39;;
                explanationDiv.id = `explanation-${i}`;
                
                const translateBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                translateBtn.className = &#39;translate-btn&#39;;
                translateBtn.innerHTML = &#39;Translate in Urdu&#39;;
                translateBtn.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                    e.stopPropagation();
                    toggleExplanationTranslation(i);
                };
                explanationDiv.appendChild(translateBtn);
                
                const explanationText = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationText.innerHTML = parseHighlightedText(q.explanation.replace(/\n/g, &#39;&lt;br&gt;&#39;));
                explanationDiv.appendChild(explanationText);
                
                const explanationUrduDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationUrduDiv.className = &#39;explanation-urdu&#39;;
                explanationUrduDiv.innerHTML = parseHighlightedText(q.explanationUrdu.replace(/\n/g, &#39;&lt;br&gt;&#39;));
                explanationDiv.appendChild(explanationUrduDiv);
                
                if (q.explanationImage) {
                    const imgContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    imgContainer.style.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                    const imgLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    imgLink.href = q.explanationImageLink || &#39;#&#39;;
                    imgLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    const img = document.createElement(&#39;img&#39;);
                    img.src = q.explanationImage;
                    img.alt = q.explanationImageAlt || &#39;Explanation Image&#39;;
                    img.className = &#39;explanation-image&#39;;
                    imgLink.appendChild(img);
                    imgContainer.appendChild(imgLink);
                    if (q.explanationImageCaption) {
                        const caption = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        caption.className = &#39;question-image-caption&#39;;
                        caption.textContent = q.explanationImageCaption;
                        imgContainer.appendChild(caption);
                    }
                    explanationDiv.appendChild(imgContainer);
                }
                
                questionElement.appendChild(explanationDiv);

                quizContainer.appendChild(questionElement);

                // Har 3 sawalat ke baad ad daalne ka logic
                if ((i + 1) % 3 === 0 &amp;&amp; i &lt; endIndex - 1) {
                    const adContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    adContainer.className = &#39;ad-container&#39;;
                    adContainer.innerHTML = `&lt;p&gt;Advertisement Space&lt;/p&gt;`;
                    quizContainer.appendChild(adContainer);
                }


                if (q.ProTips) {
                    const tipsElement = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    tipsElement.className = &#39;tips-section&#39;;
                    tipsElement.innerHTML = q.ProTips;
                    quizContainer.appendChild(tipsElement);
                }

                if (q.imageAfter) {
                    const imageContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    imageContainer.className = &#39;question-image&#39;;
                    const imageLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    imageLink.href = q.imageAfter.link;
                    imageLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    const image = document.createElement(&#39;img&#39;);
                    image.src = q.imageAfter.url;
                    image.alt = q.imageAfter.alt || &#39;Question related image&#39;;
                    imageLink.appendChild(image);
                    imageContainer.appendChild(imageLink);
                    if (q.imageAfter.caption) {
                        const caption = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        caption.className = &#39;question-image-caption&#39;;
                        caption.textContent = q.imageAfter.caption;
                        imageContainer.appendChild(caption);
                    }
                    quizContainer.appendChild(imageContainer);
                }


                if (i &lt; endIndex - 1) {
                    const isAdNext = ((i + 1) % 3 === 0 &amp;&amp; i &lt; questions.length - 1);
                    if (!isAdNext) {
                        const divider = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        divider.className = &#39;divider&#39;;
                        quizContainer.appendChild(divider);
                    }
                }
            }

            if (answersShown) {
                showAllAnswers();
            } else {
                hideAllAnswers();
            }
            
            updatePagination();
            // YEH LINE ADD KI GAYI HAI: Sawalat load hone ke baad ads ko load karein
            applyAds();
        }

        function toggleExplanationTranslation(questionIndex) {
            const explanationDiv = document.getElementById(`explanation-${questionIndex}`);
            const englishExplanation = explanationDiv.querySelector(&#39;div:not(.explanation-urdu)&#39;);
            const urduExplanation = explanationDiv.querySelector(&#39;.explanation-urdu&#39;);
            
            if (englishExplanation.style.display !== &#39;none&#39;) {
                englishExplanation.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                urduExplanation.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
            } else {
                englishExplanation.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                urduExplanation.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
            }
        }

        function speakQuestion(question) {
            if (speechSynthesis.speaking) {
                speechSynthesis.cancel();
            }
            
            const questionUtterance = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(`Question: ${question.question.replace(&#39;?&#39;, &#39;.&#39;)}`);
            questionUtterance.lang = &#39;en-US&#39;;
            questionUtterance.rate = 0.7;
            questionUtterance.pitch = 0.8;
            
            let optionsText = &#39;Options: &#39;;
            question.options.forEach((option, index) =&gt; {
                optionsText += `${String.fromCharCode(65 + index)}... ${option}. `;
            });
            const optionsUtterance = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(optionsText);
            optionsUtterance.lang = &#39;en-US&#39;;
            optionsUtterance.rate = 0.7;
            optionsUtterance.pitch = 0.8;
            
            speechSynthesis.speak(questionUtterance);
            questionUtterance.onend = function() {
                speechSynthesis.speak(optionsUtterance);
            };
        }

        function updatePagination() {
            const pagination = document.getElementById(&#39;pagination&#39;);
            pagination.innerHTML = &#39;&#39;;
            
            const totalPages = Math.ceil(questions.length / config.questionsPerPage);
            
            if (totalPages &lt;= 1) return;
            
            const firstBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            firstBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            firstBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;laquo; First&#39;;
            firstBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=1&#39;;
            };
            if (currentPage === 1) firstBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(firstBtn);
            
            const prevBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            prevBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            prevBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;lsaquo;&#39;;
            prevBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + (currentPage - 1);
            };
            if (currentPage === 1) prevBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(prevBtn);
            
            if (currentPage &gt; 2) {
                const firstPageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                firstPageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                firstPageBtn.textContent = &#39;1&#39;;
                if (1 === currentPage) firstPageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                firstPageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=1&#39;;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(firstPageBtn);
                
                if (currentPage &gt; 3) {
                    const ellipsis1 = document.createElement(&#39;span&#39;);
                    ellipsis1.className = &#39;page-ellipsis&#39;;
                    ellipsis1.textContent = &#39;...&#39;;
                    pagination.appendChild(ellipsis1);
                }
            }
            
            const startPage = Math.max(2, currentPage - 1);
            const endPage = Math.min(totalPages - 1, currentPage + 1);
            
            for (let i = startPage; i &lt;= endPage; i++) {
                const pageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                pageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                pageBtn.textContent = i;
                if (i === currentPage) pageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                pageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + i;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(pageBtn);
            }
            
            if (currentPage &lt; totalPages - 1) {
                if (currentPage &lt; totalPages - 2) {
                    const ellipsis2 = document.createElement(&#39;span&#39;);
                    ellipsis2.className = &#39;page-ellipsis&#39;;
                    ellipsis2.textContent = &#39;...&#39;;
                    pagination.appendChild(ellipsis2);
                }
                
                const lastPageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                lastPageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                lastPageBtn.textContent = totalPages;
                if (totalPages === currentPage) lastPageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                lastPageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + totalPages;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(lastPageBtn);
            }
            
            const nextBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            nextBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            nextBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;rsaquo;&#39;;
            nextBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + (currentPage + 1);
            };
            if (currentPage === totalPages) nextBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(nextBtn);
            
            const lastBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            lastBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            lastBtn.innerHTML = &#39;Last &amp;raquo;&#39;;
            lastBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + totalPages;
            };
            if (currentPage === totalPages) lastBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(lastBtn);
            
            const searchDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
            searchDiv.className = &#39;page-search&#39;;
            searchDiv.innerHTML = `
                &lt;input type=&quot;number&quot; id=&quot;pageInput&quot; min=&quot;1&quot; max=&quot;${totalPages}&quot; placeholder=&quot;Enter Page Number&quot;&gt;
                &lt;button onclick=&quot;goToPageWithReload()&quot;&gt;Go&lt;/button&gt;
            `;
            pagination.appendChild(searchDiv);
        }
        
        function goToPageWithReload() {
            const pageInput = document.getElementById(&#39;pageInput&#39;);
            const pageNum = parseInt(pageInput.value);
            const totalPages = Math.ceil(questions.length / config.questionsPerPage);
            
            if (pageNum &gt;= 1 &amp;&amp; pageNum &lt;= totalPages) {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + pageNum;
            } else {
                alert(`Please enter a page number between 1 and ${totalPages}`);
            }
        }

        function selectOption(optionElement, selectedAnswer, questionIndex) {
            const question = questions[questionIndex];
            const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${questionIndex} .option`);
            options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;none&#39;;
            });
            selectedOptions[questionIndex] = selectedAnswer;
            const correctOptionIndex = question.correctAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
            options[correctOptionIndex].classList.add(&#39;correct&#39;);
            if (selectedAnswer !== question.correctAnswer) {
                const selectedIndex = selectedAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                options[selectedIndex].classList.add(&#39;incorrect&#39;);
            }
        }

        function toggleExplanation(questionIndex) {
            const explanationElement = document.getElementById(`explanation-${questionIndex}`);
            explanationElement.style.display = explanationElement.style.display === &#39;block&#39; ? &#39;none&#39; : &#39;block&#39;;
        }

        function toggleFAQ(faqQuestion) {
            faqQuestion.classList.toggle(&#39;active&#39;);
            const answer = faqQuestion.nextElementSibling;
            answer.style.display = answer.style.display === &#39;block&#39; ? &#39;none&#39; : &#39;block&#39;;
            
            const toggleIcon = faqQuestion.querySelector(&#39;.faq-toggle&#39;);
            toggleIcon.classList.toggle(&#39;rotated&#39;);
        }

        function toggleAllAnswers() {
            answersShown = !answersShown;
            const btn = document.getElementById(&#39;toggleAnswersBtn&#39;);
            if (answersShown) {
                btn.textContent = &#39;Hide All Answers&#39;;
                showAllAnswers();
            } else {
                btn.textContent = &#39;Show All Answers&#39;;
                hideAllAnswers();
            }
        }

        function showAllAnswers() {
            const startIndex = (currentPage - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const q = questions[i];
                const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${i} .option`);
                if (options.length &gt; 0) {
                    const correctOptionIndex = q.correctAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                    options[correctOptionIndex].classList.add(&#39;correct&#39;);
                    if (selectedOptions.hasOwnProperty(i) &amp;&amp; selectedOptions[i] !== q.correctAnswer) {
                        const selectedIndex = selectedOptions[i].charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                        options[selectedIndex].classList.add(&#39;incorrect&#39;);
                    }
                    options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                        opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;none&#39;;
                    });
                }
            }
        }

        function hideAllAnswers() {
            const startIndex = (currentPage - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${i} .option`);
                options.forEach(option =&gt; {
                    option.classList.remove(&#39;correct&#39;, &#39;incorrect&#39;);
                });
                options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                    opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;auto&#39;;
                });
            }
            selectedOptions = {};
        }

        function resetQuiz() {
            selectedOptions = {};
            answersShown = false;
            document.getElementById(&#39;toggleAnswersBtn&#39;).textContent = &#39;Show All Answers&#39;;
            loadQuestions(currentPage);
        }

        function changeHeaderImage(imageUrl) {
            document.getElementById(&#39;headerImage&#39;).src = imageUrl;
        }
        
        function toggleContentExpansion() {
            const contentPreview = document.getElementById(&#39;contentPreview&#39;);
            const readMoreBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;readMoreBtn&#39;);
            contentExpanded = !contentExpanded;
            
            if (contentExpanded) {
                contentPreview.classList.add(&#39;expanded&#39;);
                readMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;Read Less&#39;;
            } else {
                contentPreview.classList.remove(&#39;expanded&#39;);
                readMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;Read More&#39;;
            }
        }

        function toggleContentLanguage() {
            const englishContent = document.querySelector(&#39;.english-content&#39;);
            const urduContent = document.querySelector(&#39;.urdu-content&#39;);
            const translateBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;contentTranslateBtn&#39;);
            contentInUrdu = !contentInUrdu;
            
            if (contentInUrdu) {
                englishContent.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                urduContent.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                translateBtn.textContent = &#39;Translate to English&#39;;
            } else {
                englishContent.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                urduContent.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                translateBtn.textContent = &#39;Translate to Urdu&#39;;
            }
        }

        async function createShareImage(questionIndex) {
            return new Promise((resolve) =&gt; {
                const q = questions[questionIndex];
                const canvas = document.getElementById(&#39;shareCanvas&#39;);
                const ctx = canvas.getContext(&#39;2d&#39;);
                
                ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                
                if (q.backgroundImage) {
                    const img = new Image();
                    img.crossOrigin = &quot;Anonymous&quot;;
                    img.onload = function() {
                        ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                        ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)&#39;;
                        ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                        drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                        convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                    };
                    img.onerror = function() {
                        console.log(&quot;Background image failed to load, using gradient fallback&quot;);
                        drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas);
                        drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                        convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                    };
                    img.src = q.backgroundImage + (q.backgroundImage.includes(&#39;?&#39;) ? &#39;&amp;&#39; : &#39;?&#39;) + &#39;t=&#39; + Date.now();
                } else {
                    drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas);
                    drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                    convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                }
            });
        }

        function drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas) {
            const gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
            gradient.addColorStop(0, &#39;#1e3c72&#39;);
            gradient.addColorStop(1, &#39;#2a5298&#39;);
            ctx.fillStyle = gradient;
            ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05)&#39;;
            for (let i = 0; i &lt; 5; i++) {
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(Math.random() * canvas.width, Math.random() * canvas.height, Math.random() * 300 + 100, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.fill();
            }
        }

        function drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex) {
            const questionNumber = questionIndex + 1;
            const questionText = `${questionNumber}. ${q.question}`;
            const urduText = `${q.urdu.replace(&#39;؟&#39;, &#39;&#39;).replace(&#39;?&#39;, &#39;&#39;)}`;
            
            ctx.save();
            ctx.beginPath();
            ctx.roundRect(40, 40, canvas.width - 80, canvas.height - 80, 20);
            ctx.clip();
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)&#39;;
            ctx.fillRect(40, 40, canvas.width - 80, canvas.height - 80);
            ctx.strokeStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3)&#39;;
            ctx.lineWidth = 2;
            ctx.stroke();
            ctx.restore();
            
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            ctx.font = &#39;bold 36px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            const questionLines = wrapText(ctx, questionText, canvas.width - 160, 36);
            let yPos = 80 + 36;
            
            questionLines.forEach(line =&gt; {
                ctx.fillText(line, 80, yPos);
                yPos += 36 + 10;
            });
            
            ctx.font = &#39;32px &quot;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&quot;, serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;right&#39;;
            const urduLines = wrapText(ctx, urduText, canvas.width - 160, 32);
            urduLines.forEach(line =&gt; {
                ctx.fillText(line, canvas.width - 80, yPos);
                yPos += 32 + 10;
            });
            
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            yPos += 20;
            
            ctx.font = &#39;italic 24px &quot;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&quot;, serif&#39;;
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;right&#39;;
            ctx.fillText(&quot;چار آپشن میں سے کسی پر بھی کلک کرنے سے جواب سبز ہو جائے گا&quot;, canvas.width - 80, yPos);
            yPos += 24 + 30;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            
            ctx.font = &#39;28px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            
            q.options.forEach((option, index) =&gt; {
                const optionLetter = String.fromCharCode(65 + index);
                const isCorrect = optionLetter === q.correctAnswer;
                
                ctx.save();
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.roundRect(80, yPos - 10, canvas.width - 160, 28 + 20, 10);
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.2)&#39; : &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)&#39;;
                ctx.fill();
                ctx.strokeStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3)&#39;;
                ctx.lineWidth = 1;
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.restore();
                
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(80 + 25, yPos + 28 / 2, 28 * 0.8, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;#3498db&#39;;
                ctx.fill();
                
                ctx.fillStyle = &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
                ctx.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                ctx.fillText(optionLetter, 80 + 25, yPos + 28 / 2 + 28 * 0.3);
                
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
                ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
                ctx.fillText(`${optionLetter}) ${option}`, 80 + 60, yPos + 28 * 0.8);
                
                yPos += 28 + 30;
            });
            
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7)&#39;;
            ctx.font = &#39;italic 20px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
            ctx.fillText(&quot;Study For More PAKMCQs.ORG&quot;, canvas.width / 2, canvas.height - 40);
        }

        function convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve) {
            canvas.toBlob((blob) =&gt; {
                const imageUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
                resolve(imageUrl);
            }, &#39;image/png&#39;, 1.0);
        }

        function wrapText(context, text, maxWidth, fontSize) {
            const words = text.split(&#39; &#39;);
            const lines = [];
            let currentLine = words[0];
            for (let i = 1; i &lt; words.length; i++) {
                const word = words[i];
                const width = context.measureText(currentLine + &#39; &#39; + word).width;
                if (width &lt; maxWidth) {
                    currentLine += &#39; &#39; + word;
                } else {
                    lines.push(currentLine);
                    currentLine = word;
                }
            }
            lines.push(currentLine);
            return lines;
        }
        
        async function shareQuestionWithImage(questionIndex, platform) {
            try {
                const imageUrl = await createShareImage(questionIndex);
                const q = questions[questionIndex];
                const shareUrl = q.questionLink || window.location.href;
                const shareText = `${questionIndex + 1}. ${q.question}\n\n${q.urdu.replace(/#&amp;\d+/g, &#39;&#39;)}\n\nStudy more at: ${shareUrl}`;
                
                if (navigator.share) {
                    const response = await fetch(imageUrl);
                    const blob = await response.blob();
                    const file = new File([blob], &#39;question.png&#39;, { type: &#39;image/png&#39; });
                    
                    await navigator.share({
                        title: q.question,
                        text: shareText,
                        files: [file],
                        url: shareUrl
                    });
                } else {
                    if (platform === &#39;facebook&#39;) {
                        window.open(`https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=${encodeURIComponent(shareUrl)}`, &#39;_blank&#39;);
                    } else if (platform === &#39;twitter&#39;) {
                        const mockImageUrl = imageUrl;
                        window.open(`https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=${encodeURIComponent(shareText)}&amp;url=${encodeURIComponent(mockImageUrl)}`, &#39;_blank&#39;);
                    } else if (platform === &#39;whatsapp&#39;) {
                        const link = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                        link.href = `whatsapp://send?text=${encodeURIComponent(shareText)}`;
                        link.click();
                    }
                }
            } catch (err) {
                console.error(&#39;Error sharing:&#39;, err);
                alert(&#39;Sharing failed. Please try again or copy the link manually.&#39;);
            }
        }

        /* ========================================================= */
        /* ============ DYNAMIC PDF GENERATION LOGIC =============== */
        /* ========================================================= */
        
        async function generateDynamicPDF() {
            // Check if jsPDF is loaded
            if (!window.jspdf) {
                alert(&quot;PDF library is loading. Please wait a moment and try again.&quot;);
                return;
            }

            // --- UI: START LOADING &amp; SHOW PROGRESS BAR ---
            const btn = document.getElementById(&#39;generatePdfBtn&#39;);
            const btnText = btn.querySelector(&#39;.btn-text&#39;);
            const btnProgress = btn.querySelector(&#39;.progress-bar-fill&#39;);
            const originalText = &quot;Click here for Download PDF&quot;;
            
            btn.disabled = true; // Disable double clicks
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Initializing...&quot;;
            btnProgress.style.width = &quot;10%&quot;; // Start progress

            const { jsPDF } = window.jspdf;
            const doc = new jsPDF(&#39;p&#39;, &#39;mm&#39;, &#39;a4&#39;); // Portrait, Millimeters, A4
            
            // 1. Settings &amp; Dimensions
            const pageWidth = 210;
            const pageHeight = 297;
            const marginTop = 30;
            const marginBottom = 05;
            const marginLeft = 15;
            const marginRight = 15;
            const contentWidth = pageWidth - marginLeft - marginRight;
            
            let cursorY = marginTop;

            // 2. Filter Questions (pdf = true)
const pdfQuestions = questions.filter(q =&gt; 
    q.pdf === true || 
    (q.getAttribute &amp;&amp; q.getAttribute(&#39;data-pdf&#39;) === &quot;true&quot;)
);

            if (pdfQuestions.length === 0) {
                alert(&quot;No questions marked for PDF found.&quot;);
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&lt;/html&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/51255189599790045/posts/default/5395990672957295362'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/51255189599790045/posts/default/5395990672957295362'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://www.pakmcqs.org/2026/08/7th-Class-General-Science-Unit-10-Heat-and-Temperature-MCQs-PakMCQs.html' title='7th Class General Science Unit 10 Heat and Temperature MCQs (حرارت اور درجہ حرارت) | PAKMCQs'/><author><name>Mehtab Ahmad</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05636204994802332371</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnoHdckyO7NLabJzDHClFIXDD7BMmEHJA-fJNCCzc8vJkriGa5fGUiHVDGUwMkF70sEadBhFDLwRqXtplf2eeGkZX4U2s_ugKCnPxw3SyGvhzTh_ATQCLaUtQn7-e3AAhyphenhyphenA00ofEWiBZjerrfGucNmZ3r3-N5k6Vz9MqEbFRZwBTHbfbMNgWegVIr4Hg/s72-c/7th%20Class%20General%20Science%20Unit%2010%20image.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51255189599790045.post-8855100341263088324</id><published>2026-08-30T09:57:00.000+05:00</published><updated>2026-08-30T09:57:00.117+05:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="7th Class General Science"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="7th Class General Science Unit 9"/><title type='text'>7th Class General Science Unit 9 Waves and Energy MCQs (موجات اور توانائی) | PAKMCQs</title><content type='html'>&lt;html lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
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            max-width: 2100px;
            margin: 0 auto;
            padding: 0px;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease, color 0.3s ease;
        }
        
        .header-image {
            width: 100%;
            max-height: 350px;
            object-fit: cover;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }
        
        /* --- DOWNLOAD SECTION --- */
        .info-banner {
            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1e5799 0%,#2989d8 50%,#207cca 51%,#7db9e8 100%);
            color: white !important; /* Force white text */
            padding: 20px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-bottom: 20px;
            box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
        }
        .info-banner h1 {
            margin-top: 0;
            color: white !important;
            font-size: 1.8rem;
            text-align: center;
            border-bottom: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
            padding-bottom: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 15px;
        }
        .info-banner p {
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            color: white !important;
        }
        .info-banner .urdu-text {
            color: white !important;
            font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif;
            direction: rtl;
            text-align: right;
            font-size: 0.8rem;
            line-height: 1.8;
        }
        
        /* --- UPDATED PDF DOWNLOAD BUTTON STYLES --- */
        .pdf-download-btn {
            position: relative; /* For absolute positioning of progress bar */
            display: inline-flex;
            justify-content: center;
            align-items: center;
            background-color: #e74c3c;
            color: white !important;
            padding: 10px 20px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            text-decoration: none;
            font-weight: bold;
            margin-top: 10px;
            transition: var(--transition);
            text-align: center;
            cursor: pointer;
            border: none;
            overflow: hidden; /* Ensure progress bar stays inside */
            width: 100%; /* Or fixed width if preferred */
            max-width: 300px;
            height: 45px;
        }
        .pdf-download-btn:hover {
            background-color: #c0392b;
            transform: translateY(-2px);
        }
        .pdf-download-btn:disabled {
            background-color: #7f8c8d;
            cursor: not-allowed;
            transform: none;
        }

        /* The text inside the button */
        .btn-text {
            position: relative;
            z-index: 2; /* Sit on top of progress bar */
        }

        /* The Progress Bar inside the button */
        .progress-bar-fill {
            position: absolute;
            left: 0;
            top: 0;
            bottom: 0;
            width: 0%;
            background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); /* Darker shade overlay */
            transition: width 0.3s ease;
            z-index: 1;
        }
        
        /* --- END DOWNLOAD SECTION --- */

        
        /* Cards adapted for Theme Dark Mode - Updated with Blue Stroke &amp; Glow */
        .question-card {
            background-color: var(--bg-content); /* Theme BG */
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            padding: 20px;
            margin-bottom: 25px;
            
            /* === UPDATE: Blue Stroke and Glow Effect === */
            border: 2px solid #3498db; 
            box-shadow: 0 0 15px rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.6); 
            /* =========================================== */
            
            transition: all 0.3s ease;
            position: relative;
        }

        /* ====== NEW STYLES FOR IMPORTANT QUESTION ====== */
        .question-card.important-question {
            /* Distinct Dark Background for Important Questions */
            background-color: #1a252f !important; 
            border: 2px solid #f1c40f !important; /* Gold border for importance */
            box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(241, 196, 15, 0.3);
        }

        /* Badge Style - Updated with Flexbox for Star Icon */
        .important-badge {
            position: absolute;
            top: -12px;
            right: 15px;
            background: linear-gradient(45deg, #e74c3c, #c0392b);
            color: white;
            padding: 4px 12px;
            border-radius: 12px;
            font-size: 0.75rem;
            font-weight: bold;
            box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
            text-transform: uppercase;
            letter-spacing: 1px;
            z-index: 10;
            
            /* Align Icon and Text */
            display: inline-flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 6px;
        }

        /* Light Theme Override for Important Question */
        body.light-theme .question-card.important-question {
            background-color: #ffffff !important; /* White background in light mode */
            border-color: #e74c3c !important;
            box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
        }
        /* =============================================== */
        
        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ TOC &amp; TOPIC HEADING STYLES START ========== */
        /* ======================================================== */

        .toc-container { background-color: var(--bg-content); border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 20px; margin: 20px 0; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); border: 1px solid var(--primary-color); transition: all 0.3s ease; }
        .toc-container h2 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-top: 0; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border-color, rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.3)); font-size: 1.5rem; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; }
        .toc-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 15px 0 0 0; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr)); gap: 12px; }
        .toc-item { background: var(--bg-main); padding: 12px 15px; border-radius: 6px; border-left: 4px solid var(--primary-color); cursor: pointer; font-weight: 500; color: var(--color-text-primary); transition: all 0.2s ease; display: flex; align-items: center; }
        .toc-item:hover { background: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.15); transform: translateX(5px); border-left-color: var(--secondary-color); }
        .toc-item::before { content: &#39;📌&#39;; margin-right: 10px; font-size: 1.1rem; }

        .in-quiz-topic-heading { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #2c3e50, #3498db); color: white !important; padding: 15px 20px; border-radius: var(--border-radius); font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 40px 0 20px 0; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); text-align: center; position: relative; border: 2px solid #fff; }
        body.light-theme .in-quiz-topic-heading { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #3498db, #2980b9); }

        .question-card.highlight-scroll {
            box-shadow: 0 0 25px #2ecc71 !important;
            border-color: #2ecc71 !important;
            transform: scale(1.01);
            transition: all 0.5s ease;
        }

        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ TOC &amp; TOPIC HEADING STYLES END ============ */
        /* ======================================================== */


        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ FIXED COLOR SETTINGS START ================ */
        /* ======================================================== */

        /* 1. DEFAULT (DARK MODE) SETTINGS */
        /* Since your theme defaults to dark mode, we set Yellow/White here */
        
        .question-text {
            font-size: 1.1rem;
            font-weight: bold;
            color: #FFFF00 !important; /* Yellow for Dark Mode */
            margin-bottom: 10px;
            cursor: pointer;
            display: block;
        }
        
        .urdu-text {
            font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif;
            direction: rtl;
            text-align: right;
            display: block;
            font-size: 1.1rem;
            color: #ffffff !important; /* White for Dark Mode */
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            cursor: pointer;
            line-height: 1.8;
        }

        /* 2. LIGHT MODE OVERRIDES */
        /* These trigger when the body has &#39;light-theme&#39; class */
        
        body.light-theme .question-text {
            color: #006400 !important; /* Dark Green for Light Mode */
        }
        
        body.light-theme .urdu-text {
            color: #000000 !important; /* Black for Light Mode */
        }

        /* Global Selection Notice Box Fixes */
        
        /* Default Dark Mode Box */
        .global-selection-notice {
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.2);
            border: 1px solid #FFFF00;
            padding: 12px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            text-align: center;
            color: #ffffff !important; /* White text default */
        }
        .global-selection-notice .urdu-text {
             color: #ffffff !important;
        }

        /* Light Mode Box Override */
        body.light-theme .global-selection-notice {
            background-color: #fff3cd;
            border: 1px solid #ffeeba;
            color: #856404 !important;
        }
        body.light-theme .global-selection-notice .urdu-text {
             color: #856404 !important;
        }

        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ FIXED COLOR SETTINGS END ================== */
        /* ======================================================== */

        .options {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            gap: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 15px;
        }
        
        .option {
            padding: 12px 15px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1)); 
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            cursor: pointer;
            transition: var(--transition);
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            position: relative;
            background-color: var(--bg-main); /* Slightly distinct from card bg */
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .option:hover {
            border-color: var(--primary-color);
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1);
        }
        
        .option-letter {
            display: inline-block;
            width: 24px;
            height: 24px;
            line-height: 24px;
            text-align: center;
            background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
            border-radius: 50%;
            margin-right: 12px;
            font-weight: 500;
            flex-shrink: 0;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .option-text {
            flex-grow: 1;
        }
        
        /* === UPDATE #1: Highlighted Answer Bold === */
        .correct {
            background-color: rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.2) !important;
            border-color: #28a745 !important;
            color: var(--color-text-primary) !important;
            font-weight: bold !important; /* Added Bold Property */
        }
        .correct .option-letter {
            background-color: #28a745;
            color: white;
        }
        
        .incorrect {
            background-color: rgba(220, 53, 69, 0.2) !important;
            border-color: #dc3545 !important;
            color: var(--color-text-primary) !important;
        }
        .incorrect .option-letter {
            background-color: #dc3545;
            color: white;
        }
        
        .explanation-btn {
            background-color: transparent;
            border: none;
            color: var(--primary-color);
            cursor: pointer;
            font-size: 0.9rem;
            padding: 5px 0;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 5px;
        }
        
        .explanation-btn:hover {
            text-decoration: underline;
        }
        
        .explanation {
            display: none;
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1); /* Transparent for dark mode */
            padding: 12px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-top: 10px;
            border-left: 3px solid var(--primary-color);
            font-size: 0.95rem;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .explanation-image {
            max-width: 100%;
            height: auto;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin: 10px 0;
            display: block;
        }
        .explanation-image-container {
            text-align: center;
            margin: 15px 0;
        }
        
        /* Explanation text highlighting styles */
        .explanation .highlight-red { color: #e74c3c; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-blue { color: #3498db; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-green { color: #2ecc71; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-yellow { 
            color: #f39c12; 
            font-weight: bold; 
            background-color: rgba(243, 156, 18, 0.1);
            padding: 0 2px;
            border-radius: 3px;
        }
        .explanation .highlight-purple { color: #9b59b6; font-weight: bold; }
        
        .controls {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: space-between;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
            gap: 10px;
        }
        
        .btn {
            padding: 10px 20px;
            border: none;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            font-weight: 500;
            cursor: pointer;
            transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .btn-primary { background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; }
        .btn-primary:hover { background-color: #2980b9; }
        .btn-secondary { background-color: #6c757d; color: white; }
        .btn-secondary:hover { background-color: #5a6268; }
        
        .divider {
            height: 1px;
            background-color: var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            margin: 25px 0;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
        }
        
        .ad-container {
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border: 1px dashed var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.2));
            padding: 20px;
            text-align: center;
            margin: 20px 0;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }

        /* RELATED TOPICS SECTION */
        .related-topics {
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            padding: 15px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin: 20px 0;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .related-topics h3 {
            margin-top: 0;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            padding-bottom: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;
        }
        .related-topics ul { padding-left: 20px; }
        .related-topics li { margin-bottom: 8px; color: var(--color-text-primary); }
        .related-topics a { color: var(--primary-color); text-decoration: none; }
        .related-topics a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

        .hidden { display: none; }
        .disabled { opacity: 0.5; pointer-events: none; }
        
        /* Social Share Buttons */
        .share-buttons { display: flex; gap: 8px; margin-top: 15px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
        .share-btn {
            display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
            padding: 6px 10px; border-radius: 4px; color: white;
            font-size: 10px; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s ease;
            text-decoration: none; border: none;
        }
        .share-btn .share-icon {
            width: 10px; height: 10px; margin-right: 5px;
            background-size: contain; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center;
        }
        .share-btn:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); }
        .facebook-btn { background-color: #3b5998; }
        .twitter-btn { background-color: #1da1f2; }
        .whatsapp-btn { background-color: #25d366; }
        .copy-link-btn { background-color: #6c757d; }
        .copy-link-btn.copied { background-color: #28a745; }
        
        .social-share-section {
            margin: 15px 0; padding: 10px;
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); text-align: center;
        }
        .social-share-title { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--color-text-secondary); margin-bottom: 8px; }
        
        /* Pagination Styles */
        .pagination { display: flex; justify-content: center; margin: 30px 0; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 5px; }
        .page-btn {
            padding: 8px 15px; margin: 0 2px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); background-color: var(--bg-content);
            color: var(--color-text-primary); cursor: pointer; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .page-btn:hover:not(.active) { background-color: var(--bg-main); }
        .active { background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; border-color: var(--primary-color); }
        .page-nav {
            padding: 8px 15px; margin: 0 2px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); background-color: var(--bg-content);
            color: var(--color-text-primary); cursor: pointer; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .page-nav:hover { background-color: var(--bg-main); }
        .disabled-nav { opacity: 0.5; cursor: not-allowed; pointer-events: none; }
        
        .page-search { margin-top: 15px; display: flex; justify-content: center; width: 100%; }
        .page-search input {
            padding: 8px 15px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); width: 150px; text-align: center;
            margin-right: 5px; background-color: var(--bg-content); color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        .page-search button {
            padding: 8px 15px; border: none; border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; cursor: pointer;
        }
        .page-ellipsis { display: inline-block; padding: 8px 12px; color: var(--color-text-secondary); }
        
        /* FAQ Section Styles */
        .faq-section {
            margin: 30px 0; background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 20px; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .faq-section h2 { color: var(--color-text-primary); border-bottom: 2px solid var(--primary-color); padding-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0; }
        .faq-item {
            margin-bottom: 15px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); overflow: hidden; transition: border-color 0.3s ease;
        }
        .faq-question {
            background-color: var(--bg-main); padding: 12px 15px; cursor: pointer;
            font-weight: 500; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        .faq-question:hover { background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1); }
        .faq-answer {
            padding: 15px; background-color: var(--bg-content); display: none;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; color: var(--color-text-secondary);
        }
        .faq-answer.show { display: block; }
        .faq-toggle { font-size: 1.2rem; transition: var(--transition); }
        .faq-toggle.rotated { transform: rotate(45deg); }

        /* Image Between Questions */
        .question-image { margin: 20px 0; text-align: center; }
        .question-image a { display: inline-block; }
        .question-image img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: var(--border-radius); box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); transition: transform 0.3s ease; }
        .question-image img:hover { transform: scale(1.02); }
        .question-image-caption { margin-top: 8px; font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--color-text-secondary); text-align: center; }

        .share-image-canvas { position: fixed; top: -9999px; left: -9999px; visibility: hidden; }

        .tts-btn {
            background-color: #6c757d; color: white; border: none;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 8px 12px; margin: 10px 0;
            cursor: pointer; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px;
            font-size: 0.9rem; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .tts-btn:hover { background-color: #5a6268; }
        .tts-btn i { font-size: 1rem; }

        .translate-btn {
            background-color: #3498db; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 4px;
            padding: 5px 10px; margin: 5px 0; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.8rem; transition: all 0.2s ease;
        }
        .translate-btn:hover { background-color: #2980b9; }
        .translate-btn i { display: none; }
        
        .explanation-urdu {
            display: none; font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif; direction: rtl;
            text-align: right; margin-top: 10px; line-height: 2.2; font-size: 1.0rem; 
        }

        /* Expandable Content Section */
        .expandable-content {
            background-color: var(--bg-content); border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            padding: 20px; margin: 20px 0; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
            transition: all 0.3s ease; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .expandable-content h2 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-top: 0; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--primary-color); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
        .content-translate-btn { background-color: var(--secondary-color); color: white; border: none; border-radius: 4px; padding: 5px 10px; font-size: 0.8rem; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s ease; }
        .content-translate-btn:hover { background-color: #27ae60; }
        
        .content-preview { position: relative; overflow: hidden; max-height: 120px; transition: max-height 0.5s ease; }
        .content-preview.expanded { max-height: none; }
        .content-preview::after {
            content: &#39;&#39;; position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 40px;
            background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255,255,255,0), var(--bg-content)); transition: opacity 0.3s ease; opacity: 1;
        }
        .content-preview.expanded::after { opacity: 0; }
        
        .read-more-btn { display: inline-block; margin-top: 10px; color: var(--primary-color); cursor: pointer; font-weight: 500; transition: all 0.2s ease; }
        .read-more-btn:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
        
        .content-body { margin-bottom: 15px; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--color-text-primary); }
        .content-body p { margin-bottom: 15px; }
        .content-body img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: var(--border-radius); margin: 15px 0; display: block; }
        .content-body .image-link { display: inline-block; position: relative; }
        .content-body .image-link:hover::after {
            content: &#39;Click to view&#39;; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;
            background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; border-radius: var(--border-radius);
        }
        .content-body h3 { color: #e74c3c; margin: 20px 0 10px 0; }
        .content-body h4 { color: #3498db; margin: 15px 0 8px 0; }
        .content-body .highlight-word { color: #9b59b6; font-weight: bold; }
        .content-body .highlight-link { color: #e67e22; text-decoration: underline; font-weight: 500; }
        .content-body .highlight-link:hover { color: #d35400; }
        .content-body .urdu-content { display: none; font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif; direction: rtl; text-align: right; line-height: 2; }

        .hidden-faq { display: none; }
        .see-more-faq { text-align: center; margin-top: 20px; }
        .see-more-faq .btn { padding: 8px 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; }

        .question-actions { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-top: 15px; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; }

        .modern-comment-link {
            z-index: 5; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px;
            padding: 6px 12px; border-radius: 50px; background: linear-gradient(45deg, #28a745, #20c997);
            color: white; text-decoration: none; font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 500; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.8, 0.25, 1);
        }
        .modern-comment-link:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: 0 6px 15px rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.3); color: white; }
        .modern-comment-link svg { width: 18px; height: 18px; fill: currentColor; }


        /* ========================================================================= */
        /* == MOBILE RESPONSIVE TWEAKS (GAP KAM KARNE KE LIYE YAHAN CHANGES KI HAIN) == */
        /* ========================================================================= */
        @media (max-width: 768px) {
            /* Blogger Theme ki padding ka gap khatam/kam karne ke liye Negative Margin lagaya gaya hai */
            .no-blogger-overlap {
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            &lt;h1&gt;Waves and Energy MCQs | 7th Class General Science Unit 9 | PakMCQs&lt;/h1&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Practice 7th Class General Science Unit 9 Waves and Energy MCQs covering mechanical and electromagnetic waves, longitudinal and transverse waves, wavelength, frequency, time period, pitch, amplitude, loudness, sound and echo. These MCQs are useful for learning, revision and preparation. Prepare with PAKMCQs for ETEA, NTS, KPPSC, PPSC and FPSC exams.  &lt;/p&gt;
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    &lt;h2&gt;Waves and Energy | ویوز اور انرجی (لہریں اور توانائی)
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                &lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #e74c3c;&quot;&gt;7th Class General Science Unit 9: Waves and Energy&lt;/h3&gt;
                
                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;Unit ka Asaan Khulasa&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Waves and Energy mein hum waves, unki types, wavelength, frequency, time period aur amplitude ke bare mein parhte hain. Is unit mein yeh bhi samjha jata hai ke sound ka pitch aur loudness kis cheez par depend karta hai aur echo aur lightning ke baad thunder sunai dene ki wajah kya hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;1. Wave kya hai?&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Wave&lt;/span&gt; kisi medium mein paida hone wali disturbance ya vibration hai jo energy ko ek jagah se doosri jagah transfer karti hai, lekin matter ko transfer nahi karti. Misal ke taur par pani mein pathar phenkne se water waves banti hain. Wave aage travel karti hai, lekin pani ke particles apni mean position ke around vibrate karte hain.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Important Point:&lt;/b&gt; Waves energy transfer karti hain, matter nahi.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;2. Vibratory Motion&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Kisi body ka apni mean position ke around aage aur peeche motion karna vibratory motion kehlata hai. &lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;i&gt;Misal:&lt;/i&gt; Guitar string ka vibrate karna, Drum ki surface ka vibrate karna, Spring ka aage peeche move karna.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;3. Waves ki Main Types&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Medium ki requirement ki bunyaad par waves do types ki hoti hain:&lt;br&gt;
                1. &lt;b&gt;Mechanical Waves&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                2. &lt;b&gt;Electromagnetic Waves&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;4. Mechanical Waves&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Mechanical Waves&lt;/span&gt; aisi waves hain jo travel karne ke liye medium ki zaroorat rakhti hain. Yeh vacuum mein travel nahi kar sakti. (e.g., Sound waves, Water waves, Seismic waves).&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;5. Electromagnetic Waves&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Electromagnetic Waves&lt;/span&gt; aisi waves hain jo medium ke baghair vacuum mein bhi travel kar sakti hain. (e.g., Light waves, Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared waves, Ultraviolet rays, X-rays). Yeh vacuum mein light ki speed se travel karti hain (Speed of light &amp;asymp; 300,000 km/s).&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;p style=&quot;border-left: 4px solid #3498db; padding-left: 10px; margin: 15px 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sun ki Sound Humein Kyun Sunai Nahi Deti?&lt;/strong&gt; Sun par explosions ke waqt light, heat aur sound produce hoti hain. Light aur heat electromagnetic waves hain jo Earth tak pohanch jati hain, lekin sound mechanical wave hai jise travel karne ke liye medium chahiye. Sun aur Earth ke darmiyan vacuum hone ki wajah se Sun ki explosions ki sound humein sunai nahi deti.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;7. Transverse Waves&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Transverse Waves&lt;/span&gt; mein medium ke particles wave ki direction ke perpendicular (90 degree par) vibrate karte hain. (e.g., Rope ko upar-neeche move karne se transverse wave banti hai).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Crest:&lt;/b&gt; Mean position ke upar wave ka hissa.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Trough:&lt;/b&gt; Mean position ke neeche wave ka hissa.&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;i&gt;Examples:&lt;/i&gt; Water waves, String waves, Transverse seismic S-waves, Electromagnetic waves.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;8. Longitudinal Waves&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #8e44ad; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Longitudinal Waves&lt;/span&gt; mein medium ke particles wave ki direction ke parallel vibrate karte hain.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Compression:&lt;/b&gt; Jahan particles ek doosre ke qareeb hote hain.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Rarefaction:&lt;/b&gt; Jahan particles ek doosre se door hote hain.&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;i&gt;Examples:&lt;/i&gt; Sound waves, Seismic P-waves, Spring mein lengthwise waves.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;Transverse aur Longitudinal Waves ka Farq&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Transverse Waves&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Longitudinal Waves&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Particles perpendicular vibrate karte hain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Particles parallel vibrate karte hain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Crest aur trough hotay hain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Compression aur rarefaction hotay hain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Water waves example hain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Sound waves example hain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;S-waves bhi transverse hain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;P-waves bhi longitudinal hain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;10. Wavelength, 11. Frequency, 12. Time Period, aur 14. Amplitude&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Wavelength (&amp;lambda;):&lt;/span&gt; Ek complete wave ya cycle ki length ko wavelength kehte hain (crests ke darmiyan ya troughs ke darmiyan distance). SI Unit: &lt;b&gt;Meter (m)&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Frequency (f):&lt;/span&gt; Ek second mein kisi point se guzarnay wali waves ki tadaad. (&lt;b&gt;f = n / t&lt;/b&gt;). SI Unit: &lt;b&gt;Hertz (Hz)&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #8e44ad; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Time Period (T):&lt;/span&gt; Ek wave ko kisi point se pass hone mein lagne wala time. (&lt;b&gt;T = t / n&lt;/b&gt;). SI Unit: &lt;b&gt;Second (s)&lt;/b&gt;. (&lt;i&gt;f = 1/T aur T = 1/f&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #16a085; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Amplitude:&lt;/span&gt; Wave mein vibrating particle ka mean position se maximum displacement. Greater amplitude &amp;rarr; Greater energy.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;16. Sound Waves, 17. Pitch aur 18. Loudness&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Sound vibrating body se produce hoti hai, yeh longitudinal mechanical wave hai. Is ke do ahem features hain:&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Pitch of Sound (Shrillness/Graveness):&lt;/b&gt; Pitch frequency par depend karti hai (&lt;b&gt;Pitch &amp;prop; Frequency&lt;/b&gt;). High Frequency &amp;rarr; High pitch &amp;rarr; Shrill sound (whistle, birds). Low Frequency &amp;rarr; Low pitch &amp;rarr; Grave sound (male voice, big drum).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Loudness of Sound (Softness/Loudness):&lt;/b&gt; Loudness amplitude par depend karti hai (&lt;b&gt;Loudness &amp;prop; Amplitude&lt;/b&gt;). Greater amplitude &amp;rarr; Louder sound.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;Pitch aur Loudness mein Farq&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Pitch&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Loudness&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Sound ke shrill ya grave hone ko batati hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Sound ke loud ya soft hone ko batati hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Frequency par depend karti hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Amplitude par depend karti hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;High frequency &amp;rarr; High pitch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;High amplitude &amp;rarr; Loud sound&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Low frequency &amp;rarr; Low pitch&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Low amplitude &amp;rarr; Soft sound&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;Loudness ko Affect Karne Wale Factors&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;1. &lt;b&gt;Amplitude&lt;/b&gt; | 2. &lt;b&gt;Sound Source ka Surface Area&lt;/b&gt; (e.g. Large drum) | 3. &lt;b&gt;Distance from Source&lt;/b&gt; | 4. &lt;b&gt;Ear ki Sensitivity&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;21. Echo (Goonj) aur 22. Lightning Pehle aur Thunder Baad Mein Kyun?&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #c0392b; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Echo:&lt;/span&gt; Jab sound waves kisi hard surface se reflect hokar wapas aati hain aur original sound dobara sunai deti hai, to isay echo kehte hain. Human ear ke liye kam az kam 0.1 second ka time gap zaroori hai. Sound ki speed 340 m/s hone ki buniyaad par reflecting surface kam az kam &lt;b&gt;17 m&lt;/b&gt; door honi chahiye.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Lightning aur Thunder:&lt;/b&gt; Lightning ke waqt light aur sound dono produce hote hain. Lekin light ki speed (300,000 km/s) sound ki speed (340 m/s) se bohat zyada hai, is liye lightning pehle nazar aati hai aur thunder baad mein sunai deta hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;Waves ka Quick Comparison&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Wave&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Medium Required?&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Nature&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Example&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Mechanical&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Longitudinal/Transverse&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Sound, Water&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Electromagnetic&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Transverse&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Light&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sound&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Longitudinal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Voice&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Water&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Transverse&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Water surface&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Light&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Transverse&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Sunlight&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;Important Formulas&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• Frequency: f = n/t | • Time Period: T = t/n | • fT = 1 (f = 1/T, T = 1/f) | • Echo (Distance): S = vt&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;Quick Revision&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Term&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Easy Meaning&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wave&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Energy transfer karne wali disturbance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Mechanical Wave&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Medium ki zaroorat hoti hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Electromagnetic Wave&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Vacuum mein bhi travel kar sakti hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Transverse Wave&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Particles perpendicular vibrate karte hain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Longitudinal Wave&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Particles parallel vibrate karte hain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Crest / Trough&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Transverse wave ka upper part / lower part&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Compression / Rarefaction&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Particles close together / Particles spread apart&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;div style=&quot;border-left: 5px solid #2e7d32; padding-left: 15px; margin: 15px 0;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;h5 style=&quot;margin-top: 0; color: #2e7d32;&quot;&gt;Exam-Focused Key Points&lt;/h5&gt;
                    &lt;p&gt;• Wave energy ko transfer karti hai, matter ko nahi.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Mechanical waves ko medium ki zaroorat hoti hai. Electromagnetic waves vacuum (khala) mein travel kar sakti hain.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Sound ek mechanical aur longitudinal wave hai. Light ek electromagnetic aur transverse wave hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Transverse waves mein particles perpendicular vibrate karte hain jabke longitudinal waves mein parallel vibrate karte hain.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Wavelength ki SI unit meter (m), frequency ki hertz (Hz) aur time period ki second (s) hai. f = 1/T.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Pitch frequency par aur loudness amplitude par depend karti hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Echo sound ke reflection ki wajah se hota ہے.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Lightning pehle aur thunder baad mein is liye sunai deta hai kyun ke light sound se bohat tez travel karti hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            
            &lt;!-- Urdu Content --&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;urdu-content&quot;&gt;
                &lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #e74c3c;&quot;&gt;ساتویں کلاس جنرل سائنس – یونٹ 9&lt;/h3&gt;
                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;یونٹ 9: ویوز اور انرجی (لہریں اور توانائی)&lt;/h4&gt;
                
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;یونٹ کا آسان خلاصہ:&lt;/strong&gt; ویوز اور انرجی (لہریں اور توانائی) میں ہم ویوز (لہروں)، ان کی ٹائپس (اقسام) ، ویولینتھ (طولِ موج)، فریکوئنسی، ٹائم پیریڈ اور ایمپلی ٹیوڈ کے بارے میں پڑھتے ہیں۔ اس چیپٹر میں یہ بھی سمجھا جاتا ہے کہ ساؤنڈ (آواز) کا پچ اور لاؤڈنیس (اونچائی) کس چیز پر ڈیپینڈ (منحصر) کرتا ہے اور ایکو (گونج) اور لائٹننگ (بجلی کی چمک) کے بعد تھنڈر (بادل کی گرج) سنائی دینے کی وجہ کیا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;1۔ ویو (لہر) کیا ہے؟&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ویو&lt;/span&gt; کسی میڈیم میں پیدا ہونے والی ڈسٹربنس (خلل) یا وائبریشن (ارتعاش) ہے جو انرجی کو ایک جگہ سے دوسری جگہ ٹرانسفر کرتی ہے، لیکن میٹر (مادے) کو ٹرانسفر نہیں کرتی۔ مثال کے طور پر پانی میں پتھر پھینکنے سے واٹر ویوز (پانی کی لہریں) بنتی ہیں۔ ویو آگے ٹریول (سفر) کرتی ہے، لیکن پانی کے پارٹیکلز اپنی مین پوزیشن (وسطی مقام) کے گرد وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;اہم ترین نقطہ:&lt;/b&gt; ویوز انرجی ٹرانسفر کرتی ہیں، میٹر نہیں۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;2۔ وائبریٹری موشن (ارتعاشی حرکت)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;کسی باڈی (جسم) کا اپنی مین پوزیشن کے گرد آگے اور پیچھے حرکت کرنا وائبریٹری موشن کہلاتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;i&gt;مثالیں:&lt;/i&gt; گٹار کی تار (اسٹرنگ) کا وائبریٹ کرنا، ڈرم کی سطح کا وائبریٹ کرنا، اسپرنگ کا آگے پیچھے حرکت کرنا۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;3۔ ویوز کی اہم اقسام&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;میڈیم کی ضرورت کی بنیاد پر ویوز دو ٹائپس کی ہوتی ہیں:&lt;br&gt;
                1. &lt;b&gt;مکینیکل ویوز (Mechanical Waves)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                2. &lt;b&gt;الیکٹرو میگنیٹک ویوز (Electromagnetic Waves)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;4۔ مکینیکل ویوز&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;مکینیکل ویوز&lt;/span&gt; ایسی ویوز جو ٹریول کرنے کے لیے میڈیم کی ضرورت رکھتی ہیں، مکینیکل ویوز کہلاتی ہیں۔ مکینیکل ویوز ویکیوم (خلا) میں ٹریول نہیں کر سکتیں۔ (مثالیں: ساؤنڈ ویوز، واٹر ویوز، سیسمک ویوز)۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;5۔ الیکٹرو میگنیٹک ویوز&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;الیکٹرو میگنیٹک ویوز&lt;/span&gt; ایسی ویوز جو میڈیم کے بغیر ویکیوم میں بھی ٹریول کر سکتی ہیں، الیکٹرو میگنیٹک ویوز کہلاتی ہیں۔ (مثالیں: لائٹ ویوز، ریڈیو ویوز، مائیکرو ویوز، انفرا ریڈ ویوز، الٹرا وائلٹ ریز، ایکس ریز)۔ الیکٹرو میگنیٹک ویوز ویکیوم میں لائٹ کی اسپیڈ سے ٹریول کرتی ہیں (لائٹ کی رفتار &amp;asymp; 300,000 کلومیٹر فی سیکنڈ)۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;p style=&quot;border-right: 4px solid #3498db; padding-right: 10px; margin: 15px 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;سورج کی آواز ہمیں کیوں سنائی نہیں دیتی؟&lt;/strong&gt; سورج پر دھماکوں کے وقت لائٹ، ہیٹ اور ساؤنڈ پیدا ہوتی ہے۔ لائٹ اور ہیٹ الیکٹرو میگنیٹک ویوز کی شکل میں زمین تک پہنچ سکتی ہیں، کیونکہ یہ ویکیوم میں ٹریول کر سکتی ہیں۔ لیکن ساؤنڈ مکینیکل ویو ہے اور اسے ٹریول کرنے کے لیے میڈیم چاہیے۔ سورج اور زمین کے درمیان اسپیس (خلا) میں ویکیوم ہے، اس لیے سورج کے دھماکوں کی آواز ہمیں سنائی نہیں دیتی۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;7۔ ٹرانسورس ویوز&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ٹرانسورس ویوز&lt;/span&gt; ایسی ویوز جن میں میڈیم کے پارٹیکلز ویو کی ڈائریکشن کے پرپینڈیکولر (عموداً) وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں۔ مثال کے طور پر رسی کو اوپر نیچے حرکت دینے سے ٹرانسورس ویو بنتی ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;کریسٹ (فراز):&lt;/b&gt; مین پوزیشن کے اوپر ویو کا حصہ۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;ٹرف (نشیب):&lt;/b&gt; مین پوزیشن کے نیچے ویو کا حصہ۔&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;i&gt;مثالیں:&lt;/i&gt; واٹر ویوز، اسٹرنگ ویوز، ٹرانسورس سیسمک ایس-ویوز (S-waves)، الیکٹرو میگنیٹک ویوز۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;8۔ لونگی ٹیوڈنل ویوز (طولی لہریں)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #8e44ad; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;لونگی ٹیوڈنل ویوز&lt;/span&gt; ایسی ویوز جن میں میڈیم کے پارٹیکلز ویو کی ڈائریکشن کے پیرلل (متوازی) وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;کمپریشن (تکثیف):&lt;/b&gt; جہاں پارٹیکلز ایک دوسرے کے بہت قریب ہوتے ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;ریئرفیکشن (تلطیف):&lt;/b&gt; جہاں پارٹیکلز ایک دوسرے سے دور ہوتے ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;i&gt;مثالیں:&lt;/i&gt; ساؤنڈ ویوز، سیسمک پی-ویوز (P-waves)، اسپرنگ میں لمبائی کے رخ بننے والی لہریں.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;ٹرانسورس اور لونگی ٹیوڈنل ویوز کا فرق&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ٹرانسورس ویوز (Transverse Waves)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;لونگی ٹیوڈنل ویوز (Longitudinal Waves)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پارٹیکلز عموداً (پرپینڈیکولر) وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پارٹیکلز متوازی (پیرلل) وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;کریسٹ (فراز) اور ٹرف (نشیب) ہوتے ہیں&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;کمپریشن (تکثیف) اور ریئرفیکشن (تلطیف) ہوتے ہیں&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;واٹر ویوز (پانی کی لہریں) اس کی مثال ہیں&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ساؤنڈ ویوز (آواز کی لہریں) اس کی مثال ہیں&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ایس-ویوز (S-waves) بھی ٹرانسورس ہوتی ہیں&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پی-ویوز (P-waves) بھی لونگی ٹیوڈنل ہوتی ہیں&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;10۔ ویولینتھ (طولِ موج)، 11۔ فریکوئنسی، 12۔ ٹائم پیریڈ، اور 14۔ ایمپلی ٹیوڈ&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ویولینتھ (طولِ موج):&lt;/span&gt; ایک کمپلیٹ ویو (مکمل لہر) یا سائیکل کی لمبائی کو ویولینتھ کہتے ہیں۔ اسے لیمبڈا (&amp;lambda;) سے ظاہر کرتے ہیں۔ ایس آئی یونٹ: &lt;b&gt;میٹر (m)&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;فریکوئنسی:&lt;/span&gt; ایک سیکنڈ میں کسی پوائنٹ سے گزرنے والی ویوز کی تعداد کو فریکوئنسی کہتے ہیں۔ (&lt;b&gt;f = n / t&lt;/b&gt;)۔ ایس آئی یونٹ: &lt;b&gt;ہرٹز (Hz)&lt;/b&gt; ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #8e44ad; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ٹائم پیریڈ:&lt;/span&gt; ایک ویو کو کسی پوائنٹ سے گزرنے میں لگنے والا ٹائم ٹائم پیریڈ کہلاتا ہے۔ (&lt;b&gt;T = t / n&lt;/b&gt;)۔ ایس آئی یونٹ: &lt;b&gt;سیکنڈ (s)&lt;/b&gt; ہے۔ (&lt;i&gt;f = 1/T اور T = 1/f&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #16a085; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ایمپلی ٹیوڈ:&lt;/span&gt; ویو میں وائبریٹنگ پارٹیکل کا مین پوزیشن سے زیادہ سے زیادہ ہٹاؤ۔ زیادہ ایمپلی ٹیوڈ &amp;rarr; زیادہ انرجی۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;16۔ ساؤنڈ ویوز، 17۔ پچ اور 18۔ لاؤڈنیس&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;آواز تھرتھراتے ہوئے جسم (Vibrating body) سے پیدا ہوتی ہے اور یہ طولی لہریں (Longitudinal Waves) ہوتی ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;آواز کی پچ (Pitch):&lt;/b&gt; پچ فریکوئنسی پر منحصر کرتی ہے (&lt;b&gt;پچ &amp;prop; فریکوئنسی&lt;/b&gt;)۔ ہائی فریکوئنسی &amp;rarr; باریک آواز (سیٹی، پرندے)۔ لو فریکوئنسی &amp;rarr; بھاری آواز (مرد کی آواز، شیر کی دھاڑ)۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;آواز کی لاؤڈنیس (Loudness):&lt;/b&gt; لاؤڈنیس کا تعلق ایمپلی ٹیوڈ سے ہوتا ہے (&lt;b&gt;لاؤڈنیس &amp;prop; ایمپلی ٹیوڈ&lt;/b&gt;)۔ زیادہ ایمپلی ٹیوڈ &amp;rarr; اونچی آواز۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;پچ اور لاؤڈنیس میں فرق&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;پچ (Pitch)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;لاؤڈنیس (Loudness)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;آواز کے باریک یا بھاری ہونے کو بتاتی ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;آواز کے اونچے یا دھیمے ہونے کو بتاتی ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;فریکوئنسی پر ڈیپینڈ کرتی ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ایمپلی ٹیوڈ پر ڈیپینڈ کرتی ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ہائی فریکوئنسی &amp;rarr; ہائی پچ&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ہائی ایمپلی ٹیوڈ &amp;rarr; اونچی آواز&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;لو فریکوئنسی &amp;rarr; لو پچ&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;لو ایمپلی ٹیوڈ &amp;rarr; دھیمی آواز&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;لاؤڈنیس کو متاثر کرنے والے عوامل&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;۱. &lt;b&gt;ایمپلی ٹیوڈ&lt;/b&gt; | ۲. &lt;b&gt;سطحی رقبہ (سرفیس ایریا)&lt;/b&gt; (جیسے بڑے ڈرم کی آواز) | ۳. &lt;b&gt;ساؤنڈ سورس سے فاصلہ&lt;/b&gt; | ۴. &lt;b&gt;کان کی حساسیت (سنسٹیوٹی)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;21۔ ایکو (گونج) اور 22۔ بجلی کی چمک پہلے اور گرج بعد میں کیوں؟&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #c0392b; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ایکو (گونج):&lt;/span&gt; جب آواز کسی سخت سطح سے ٹکرا کر واپس آئے اور دوبارہ سنائی دے، اسے ایکو کہتے ہیں۔ انسانی کان کے لیے دونوں آوازوں میں 0.1 سیکنڈ کا وقفہ ہونا ضروری ہے۔ آواز کی رفتار 340 m/s ہونے کی وجہ سے منعکس کرنے والی سطح کا فاصلہ کم از کم &lt;b&gt;17 میٹر&lt;/b&gt; ہونا چاہیے۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;بجلی کی چمک اور بادل کی گرج:&lt;/b&gt; بجلی چمکنے کے وقت روشنی اور آواز دونوں پیدا ہوتے ہیں۔ لیکن روشنی کی رفتار (300,000 km/s) آواز کی رفتار (340 m/s) سے بہت زیادہ ہے، اس لیے روشنی ہم تک جلدی پہنچتی ہے اور گرج بعد میں سنائی دیتی ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;لہروں کا فوری موازنہ&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;لہر (Wave)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;میڈیم درکار ہے؟&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;نوعیت (Nature)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;مثال (Example)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;مکینیکل&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;جی ہاں&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;لونگی ٹیوڈنل / ٹرانسورس&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;آواز، پانی&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;الیکٹرو میگنیٹک&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;جی نہیں&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ٹرانسورس&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;روشنی&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;آواز (Sound)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;جی ہاں&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;لونگی ٹیوڈنل&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;انسانی آواز&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;پانی (Water)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;جی ہاں&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ٹرانسورس&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پانی کی سطح&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;روشنی (Light)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;جی نہیں&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ٹرانسورس&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;سورج کی روشنی&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;اہم فارمولے&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• فریکوئنسی: f = n/t | • ٹائم پیریڈ: T = t/n | • f &amp;times; T = 1 (f = 1/T, T = 1/f) | • ایکو (فاصلہ): S = vt&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;فوری اعادہ (Quick Revision)&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;اصطلاح (Term)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;آسان مطلب (Easy Meaning)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;لہر (Wave)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;انرجی ٹرانسفر کرنے والا خلل (ڈسٹربنس)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;مکینیکل ویو&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;سفر کے لیے میڈیم کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;الیکٹرو میگنیٹک ویو&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ویکیوم (خلا) میں بھی سفر کر سکتی ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ٹرانسورس ویو&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پارٹیکلز عموداً (پرپینڈیکولر) وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;لونگی ٹیوڈنل ویو&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پارٹیکلز متوازی (پیرلل) وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;کریسٹ / ٹرف&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ٹرانسورس ویو کا اوپری حصہ / نچلا حصہ&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;کمپریشن / ریئرفیکشن&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پارٹیکلز قریب ہونا / پارٹیکلز دور ہونا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;div style=&quot;border-right: 5px solid #2e7d32; padding-right: 15px; margin: 15px 0;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;h5 style=&quot;margin-top: 0; color: #2e7d32;&quot;&gt;اہم ترین نکات&lt;/h5&gt;
                    &lt;p&gt;• ویو انرجی کو ٹرانسفر کرتی ہے، میٹر کو نہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • مکینیکل ویوز کو میڈیم کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔ الیکٹرو میگنیٹک ویوز ویکیوم (خلا) میں سفر کر سکتی ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • آواز (ساؤنڈ) ایک مکینیکل اور لونگی ٹیوڈنل ویو ہے۔ روشنی (لائٹ) ایک الیکٹرو میگنیٹک اور ٹرانسورس ویو ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • ٹرانسورس ویوز میں پارٹیکلز عموداً وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں جبکہ لونگی ٹیوڈنل ویوز میں متوازی وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • ویولینتھ کا ایس آئی یونٹ میٹر (m)، فریکوئنسی کا ہرٹز (Hz) اور ٹائم پیریڈ کا سیکنڈ (s) ہے۔ f = 1/T.&lt;br&gt;
                    • پچ فریکوئنسی پر اور لاؤڈنیس ایمپلی ٹیوڈ پر ڈیپینڈ کرتی ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • ایکو آواز کے انعکاس (ریفلیکشن) کی وجہ سے ہوتی ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • بجلی کی چمک پہلے اور بادل کی گرج بعد میں اس لیے سنائی دیتی ہے کیونکہ روشنی آواز سے بہت تیز ٹریول کرتی ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    
    &lt;div class=&quot;read-more-btn&quot; id=&quot;readMoreBtn&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;!-- Topics Table of Contents Container --&gt;
        &lt;div id=&quot;toc-container&quot; class=&quot;toc-container&quot; style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt;
            &lt;h2&gt;📚 Table of Contents (Topics Main Headings)&lt;/h2&gt;
            &lt;ul id=&quot;toc-list&quot; class=&quot;toc-list&quot;&gt;
                &lt;!-- TOC items will be injected here dynamically --&gt;
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            &lt;span class=&quot;urdu-text&quot;&gt;چار آپشن میں سے کسی پر بھی کلک کرنے سے جواب سبز ہو جائے گا&lt;/span&gt;
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            &lt;!-- Questions will be loaded here --&gt;
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        &lt;h2&gt;Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)&lt;/h2&gt;
        
        &lt;!-- Visible FAQs (First 3) --&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;1. What is a wave?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;A wave is a disturbance or vibration that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring matter.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;2. What is the difference between mechanical and electromagnetic waves?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Mechanical waves require a medium (like air, water, or solids) to travel, while electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum (empty space).&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;3. What is a transverse wave?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;A transverse wave is a wave in which particles of the medium vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave travel.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;!-- Hidden FAQs (Remaining 7) --&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;4. What is a longitudinal wave?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;A longitudinal wave is a wave in which particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave travel.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;5. What is wavelength?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive crests or two consecutive troughs of a wave.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;6. What is frequency?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Frequency is the number of waves passing through a point in one second. Its SI unit is hertz (Hz).&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;7. What is the relationship between frequency and time period?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Frequency and time period are inversely related. The relationship is f = 1/T.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;8. What is the relationship between pitch and frequency?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Pitch is directly related to frequency. Higher frequency produces a higher-pitched sound.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;9. What factors affect the loudness of sound?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Loudness is mainly affected by the amplitude of the wave, surface area of the sound source, distance from the source, and sensitivity of the ear.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;10. Why do we see lightning before hearing thunder?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;We see lightning before hearing thunder because light travels much faster than sound.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

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        // Updated Data with pdf: true property for demonstration
        const questions = [
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Waves&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a disturbance or vibration in a medium?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;میڈیم میں خلل یا وائبریشن کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Matter&quot;, &quot;Wave&quot;, &quot;Energy&quot;, &quot;Particle&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Wave[/red] is correct because a wave is physically created when there is a [blue]disturbance or vibration in a medium[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ویو (Wave)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ میڈیم کے ذرات میں پیدا ہونے والے [blue]خلل یا وائبریشن[/blue] کو ویو کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does a wave transfer from one place to another?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ویو ایک جگہ سے دوسری جگہ کیا منتقل کرتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Matter&quot;, &quot;Medium&quot;, &quot;Energy&quot;, &quot;Particle&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Energy[/red] is correct because waves act as carriers that [blue]transfer energy from one location to another[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]انرجی (Energy)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ویوز مادہ کو منتقل کیے بغیر ایک جگہ سے دوسری جگہ [blue]انرجی منتقل کرتی ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A wave transfers energy without transferring what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ویو انرجی منتقل کرتی ہے لیکن کس چیز کو منتقل نہیں کرتی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Matter&quot;, &quot;Energy&quot;, &quot;Wave&quot;, &quot;Vibration&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Matter[/red] is correct because waves transport energy through a medium [blue]without permanently transporting matter[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مادہ (Matter)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ویوز کے گزرنے کے دوران [blue]میڈیم کا مادہ مستقل منتقل نہیں ہوتا[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Disturbance on the surface of water creates which type of waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پانی کی سطح پر پیدا ہونے والی ویوز کون سی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sound Waves&quot;, &quot;Light Waves&quot;, &quot;Waves on Springs&quot;, &quot;Water Waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Water Waves[/red] is correct because mechanical disturbances on water form [blue]water waves[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]واٹر ویوز (Water Waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پانی کی سطح پر پیدا ہونے والے خلل سے [blue]پانی کی لہریں (water waves)[/blue] بنتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Waves produced on a plucked string are called what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ڈوری پر پیدا ہونے والی ویوز کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Waves on Strings&quot;, &quot;Sound Waves&quot;, &quot;Light Waves&quot;, &quot;Water Waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Waves on Strings[/red] is correct because plucking or disturbing a stretched string produces [blue]waves on strings[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ویوز آن سٹرنگز (Waves on Strings)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ تنی ہوئی ڈوری کو چھیڑنے سے اس پر [blue]سٹرنگ ویوز[/blue] بنتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Disturbance created on a spring forms which type of waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اسپرنگ پر بننے والی ویوز کو کیا کہا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sound Waves&quot;, &quot;Light Waves&quot;, &quot;Waves on Springs&quot;, &quot;Water Waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Waves on Springs[/red] is correct because disturbances traveling along a slinky or helical coil produce [blue]waves on springs[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ویوز آن اسپرنگز (Waves on Springs)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اسپرنگ پر حرکت کرنے والے خلل سے [blue]اسپرنگ ویوز[/blue] بنتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Sound waves are produced by a speaker disturbing particles on what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اسپیکر کس چیز کے ذرات میں خلل ڈال کر ساؤنڈ ویوز بناتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Water&quot;, &quot;Stretched cloth&quot;, &quot;Spring&quot;, &quot;Bubble&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Stretched cloth[/red] is correct because the vibrating cone/stretched diaphragm of a speaker [blue]disturbs surrounding particles to generate sound[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کھنچے ہوئے کپڑے پر (Stretched cloth)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اسپیکر کھچے ہوئے پردے یا کپڑے کے ذرات کو ہلا کر [blue]ساؤنڈ ویوز[/blue] پیدا کرتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does the vibrating string of a guitar produce?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گٹار کی وائبریٹنگ سٹرنگ کیا پیدا کرتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sound Waves&quot;, &quot;Light Waves&quot;, &quot;Water Waves&quot;, &quot;Waves on Springs&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Sound Waves[/red] is correct because a vibrating guitar string disturbs the surrounding air to create [blue]sound waves[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ساؤنڈ ویوز (Sound Waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گٹار کی وائبریٹ کرتی ہوئی سٹرنگ ہوا میں [blue]آواز کی لہریں (sound waves)[/blue] پیدا کرتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Colours in the bubble appear due to which waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;بلبلے میں رنگ کس ویوز کی وجہ سے ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sound Waves&quot;, &quot;Water Waves&quot;, &quot;Light Waves&quot;, &quot;Waves on Springs&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Light Waves[/red] is correct because thin-film interference of [blue]light waves[/blue] produces visible vibrant colours in soap bubbles.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لائٹ ویوز (Light Waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ صابن کے بلبلے میں نظر آنے والے رنگ [blue]روشنی کی ویوز کے ملاپ[/blue] کی وجہ سے بنتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Different Types Of Waves&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following mediums can vibrate after disturbance to produce waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;خلل پیدا ہونے کے بعد کون سا میڈیم وائبریٹ ہو کر ویوز بنا سکتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;String and spring&quot;, &quot;Water and air&quot;, &quot;Particles of the medium&quot;, &quot;All of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All of the above[/red] is correct because strings, springs, water, and air all have [blue]particles that vibrate to propagate waves[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ تمام (All of the above)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اسٹرنگ، اسپرنگ، پانی اور ہوا سب میں [blue]ذرات وائبریٹ ہو کر ویوز بناتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What starts traveling away from the point of disturbance when we drop a pebble in standing water of a pond?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب تالاب کے کھڑے پانی میں کنکر گرایا جائے تو خلل کے مقام سے دور کیا سفر کرنے لگتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Pebble&quot;, &quot;Water wave&quot;, &quot;Pond&quot;, &quot;Air&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Water wave[/red] is correct because the impact energy forms circular [blue]water waves that radiate outward[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]واٹر ویو (Water wave)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کنکر گرنے کے مقام سے [blue]پانی کی لہریں دور سفر کرنے لگتی ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a cork defined as in the water wave experiment?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;واٹر ویو کے تجربے میں کارک (cork) کو کیا کہا گیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Light wood piece&quot;, &quot;Heavy stone&quot;, &quot;Iron piece&quot;, &quot;Glass sheet&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Light wood piece[/red] is correct because a cork is a [blue]light wooden floating indicator[/blue] used to observe particle motion.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لکڑی کا ہلکا ٹکڑا (Light wood piece)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کارک پانی پر تیرنے والا [blue]لکڑی کا ہلکا ٹکڑا[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How does a cork move on its position when a water wave passes through it?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب پانی کی ویو گزرتی ہے تو کارک اپنی جگہ پر کیسے حرکت کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Left and right&quot;, &quot;In circles&quot;, &quot;Up and down&quot;, &quot;Forward only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Up and down[/red] is correct because transverse water waves cause floating objects to [blue]vibrate vertically up and down[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اوپر اور نیچے (Up and down)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ لہروں کے گزرنے سے کارک اپنی جگہ پر [blue]اوپر اور نیچے وائبریٹ کرتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Particles of a medium vibrate about their mean position and do NOT do what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;میڈیم کے ذرات اپنی اوسط جگہ پر وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں لیکن کیا نہیں کرتے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Move up and down&quot;, &quot;Travel with the wave&quot;, &quot;Vibrate on position&quot;, &quot;Possess energy&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Travel with the wave[/red] is correct because medium particles only oscillate locally and [blue]do not travel forward with the wave[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ویو کے ساتھ سفر نہیں کرتے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ میڈیم کے ذرات صرف اپنی جگہ ہلتے ہیں اور [blue]ویو کے ساتھ آگے نہیں جاتے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does the vibratory movement of the cork show about waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کارک کی وائبریٹری حرکت ویوز کے بارے میں کیا ثابت کرتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Waves carry matter&quot;, &quot;Waves carry water&quot;, &quot;Waves carry particles&quot;, &quot;Waves carry energy&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Waves carry energy[/red] is correct because setting the cork into motion demonstrates that [blue]waves carry and deliver energy[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ویوز انرجی کو منتقل کرتی ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کارک کا اوپر نیچے ہلنا یہ ظاہر کرتا ہے کہ [blue]ویوز میں انرجی موجود ہوتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Vibratory Motion&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the to and fro motion of a body about its mean position called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی جسم کی اوسط جگہ (mean position) کے گرد آگے پیچھے کی حرکت کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Circular Motion&quot;, &quot;Vibratory Motion&quot;, &quot;Random Motion&quot;, &quot;Rotational Motion&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Vibratory Motion[/red] is correct because the periodic to-and-fro movement around a central equilibrium point is [blue]vibratory motion[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]وائبریٹری موشن (Vibratory Motion)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مین پوزیشن کے گرد آگے پیچھے کی حرکت کو [blue]وائبریٹری موشن[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A body in vibratory motion moves back and forth about which position?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وائبریٹری موشن کرتا ہوا جسم کس پوزیشن کے گرد آگے پیچھے حرکت کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mean position&quot;, &quot;Extreme position&quot;, &quot;Final position&quot;, &quot;Outside position&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Mean position[/red] is correct because oscillating bodies continuously oscillate around their central [blue]mean (equilibrium) position[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مین پوزیشن (Mean position)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جسم ہمیشہ اپنی [blue]اوسط پوزیشن (mean position)[/blue] کے گرد وائبریٹ کرتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following directions can represent vibratory motion?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کون سی سمتیں وائبریٹری موشن کو ظاہر کر سکتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Back and forth&quot;, &quot;Up and down&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;, &quot;Straight forward only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because vibratory motion includes both [blue]back-and-forth and up-and-down oscillations[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ وائبریٹری موشن [blue]آگے پیچھے اور اوپر نیچے[/blue] دونوں سمتوں میں ہو سکتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Mechanical And Electromagnetic Waves&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;On what basis can we divide waves into two categories?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہم ویوز کو کس بنیاد پر دو اقسام میں تقسیم کر سکتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Speed&quot;, &quot;Basis of medium&quot;, &quot;Frequency&quot;, &quot;Time&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Basis of medium[/red] is correct because waves are classified based on [blue]whether or not they require a physical medium to propagate[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]میڈیم کی بنیاد پر (Basis of medium)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ویوز کو [blue]میڈیم کی ضرورت ہونے یا نہ ہونے[/blue] کی بنیاد پر دو اقسام میں تقسیم کیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the two categories of waves based on medium?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;میڈیم کی بنیاد پر ویوز کی دو اقسام کون سی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sound waves and Water waves&quot;, &quot;Microwaves and X-rays&quot;, &quot;Mechanical and Electromagnetic waves&quot;, &quot;Light waves and Seismic waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Mechanical and Electromagnetic waves[/red] is correct because waves needing a medium are mechanical, while those that don&#39;t are [blue]electromagnetic[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]میکینیکل اور الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ میڈیم کی بنیاد پر بنیادی اقسام [blue]میکینیکل اور الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Waves which can only travel through a medium are called what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ ویوز جو صرف میڈیم سے گزر سکتی ہیں کیا کہلاتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mechanical Waves&quot;, &quot;Electromagnetic Waves&quot;, &quot;X-rays&quot;, &quot;Microwaves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Mechanical Waves[/red] is correct because mechanical waves [blue]strictly require a material medium[/blue] (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]میکینیکل ویوز (Mechanical Waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ وہ ویوز جنہیں سفر کے لیے [blue]لازمی میڈیم کی ضرورت ہو[/blue] میکینیکل ویوز کہلاتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is an example of mechanical waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے میکینیکل ویوز کی مثال کون سی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sound waves&quot;, &quot;Water waves&quot;, &quot;Seismic waves&quot;, &quot;All of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All of the above[/red] is correct because sound, water, and earthquake (seismic) waves all [blue]require matter/medium to travel[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ تمام (All of the above)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ساؤنڈ، واٹر اور سیسمک ویوز سب [blue]میکینیکل ویوز کی مثالیں[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are seismic waves caused by?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سیسمک ویوز (Seismic waves) کس کی وجہ سے پیدا ہوتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sound&quot;, &quot;Light&quot;, &quot;Earthquake&quot;, &quot;Speaker&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Earthquake[/red] is correct because tectonic activity during an [blue]earthquake generates seismic waves[/blue] through Earth&#39;s crust.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زلزلہ (Earthquake)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زمین کی تہوں میں [blue]زلزلے کے دوران[/blue] سیسمک ویوز پیدا ہوتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Mechanical waves CANNOT pass through which of the following?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;میکینیکل ویوز کس سے نہیں گزر سکتیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Water&quot;, &quot;Vacuum&quot;, &quot;Air&quot;, &quot;String&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Vacuum[/red] is correct because mechanical waves require particle interactions and [blue]cannot travel through a vacuum[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ویکیوم (Vacuum)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ میڈیم کے ذرات نہ ہونے کی وجہ سے میکینیکل ویوز [blue]ویکیوم میں سے نہیں گزر سکتیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Waves which can pass through vacuum as well as through medium are called what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ ویوز جو ویکیوم اور میڈیم دونوں سے گزر سکتی ہیں کیا کہلاتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Electromagnetic Waves&quot;, &quot;Mechanical Waves&quot;, &quot;Seismic Waves&quot;, &quot;Sound Waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Electromagnetic Waves[/red] is correct because electromagnetic waves can [blue]propagate through both material media and empty vacuum[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز (Electromagnetic Waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ یہ ویوز [blue]میڈیم اور خلا (ویکیوم) دونوں[/blue] میں سفر کر سکتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is an example of electromagnetic waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز کی مثال کون سی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Light and infra-red waves&quot;, &quot;Microwaves and x-rays&quot;, &quot;Water waves&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because visible light, infrared, microwaves, and X-rays are all [blue]electromagnetic radiations[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ لائٹ، انفراریڈ، مائکروویوز اور ایکس رے سب [blue]الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;All electromagnetic waves travel in a vacuum with what speed?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ویکیوم میں تمام الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز کس رفتار سے سفر کرتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;100000 kilometer per second&quot;, &quot;200000 kilometer per second&quot;, &quot;300000 kilometer per second&quot;, &quot;400000 kilometer per second&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]300000 kilometer per second[/red] is correct because all EM waves travel at the speed of light: [blue]3 × 10⁸ m/s or 300,000 km/s in vacuum[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]300000 کلومیٹر فی سیکنڈ[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ تمام الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز خلا میں [blue]روشنی کی رفتار (300,000 km/s)[/blue] سے سفر کرتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Mechanical Waves Characteristics&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What do mechanical waves require in order to travel?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;میکینیکل ویوز کو سفر کرنے کے لیے کس چیز کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Vacuum&quot;, &quot;Medium (matter)&quot;, &quot;Speed of light&quot;, &quot;No medium&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Medium (matter)[/red] is correct because mechanical wave propagation depends entirely on the [blue]elasticity and inertia of a material medium[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]میڈیم یا مادہ (Medium)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ میکینیکل ویوز کو سفر کرنے کے لیے [blue]مادی میڈیم[/blue] کی لازمی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the nature of mechanical waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;میکینیکل ویوز کی نیچر (nature) کیسی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Transverse waves only&quot;, &quot;Longitudinal waves only&quot;, &quot;Longitudinal waves as well as Transverse waves&quot;, &quot;Electromagnetic waves only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Longitudinal waves as well as Transverse waves[/red] is correct because mechanical waves can exist as [blue]both longitudinal (sound) and transverse (water/string)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لونیٹیوڈنل اور ٹرانسورس دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ میکینیکل ویوز [blue]لونیٹیوڈنل اور ٹرانسورس دونوں حالتوں[/blue] میں ہو سکتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The speed of mechanical waves in different mediums depends upon what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مختلف میڈیمز میں میکینیکل ویوز کی رفتار کا انحصار کس پر ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Densities of medium&quot;, &quot;Colour of medium&quot;, &quot;Speed of light&quot;, &quot;Shape of medium&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Densities of medium[/red] is correct because the [blue]density and elasticity of the medium[/blue] determine wave propagation velocity.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]میڈیم کی ڈینسیٹی (Densities of medium)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ میکینیکل ویوز کی رفتار کا انحصار [blue]میڈیم کی کثافت یا ڈینسیٹی[/blue] پر ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the speed of mechanical waves in a vacuum?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ویکیوم (vacuum) میں میکینیکل ویوز کی رفتار کتنی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Speed of light&quot;, &quot;300000 km/s&quot;, &quot;Greater than light&quot;, &quot;Zero&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Zero[/red] is correct because mechanical waves cannot enter or travel in a vacuum, meaning their [blue]speed in vacuum is 0[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زیرو (Zero)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ میکینیکل ویوز ویکیوم میں سفر نہیں کر سکتیں اس لیے [blue]ان کی رفتار صفر ہوتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Electromagnetic Waves Characteristics&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Through what can electromagnetic waves travel?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز کس کے ذریعے سفر کر سکتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Medium only&quot;, &quot;Can travel through medium as well as through vacuum&quot;, &quot;Vacuum only&quot;, &quot;Neither medium nor vacuum&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Can travel through medium as well as through vacuum[/red] is correct because EM waves [blue]do not require matter to propagate[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]میڈیم اور ویکیوم دونوں سے سفر کر سکتی ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز [blue]مادے اور خلا دونوں سے گزرنے کی صلاحیت[/blue] رکھتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the nature of electromagnetic waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز کی نیچر (nature) کیسی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Transverse waves only&quot;, &quot;Longitudinal waves only&quot;, &quot;Both longitudinal and transverse&quot;, &quot;Neither longitudinal nor transverse&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Transverse waves only[/red] is correct because oscillating electric and magnetic fields are always [blue]perpendicular to the direction of wave travel[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]صرف ٹرانسورس ویوز (Transverse waves only)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز میں فیلڈز [blue]ہمیشہ پرپینڈیکولر وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Electromagnetic waves travel in a vacuum with what speed?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز ویکیوم میں کس رفتار سے سفر کرتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Speed of sound&quot;, &quot;Travel with speed of light&quot;, &quot;Speed of zero&quot;, &quot;Speed of water waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Travel with speed of light[/red] is correct because all EM radiation moves at [blue]the speed of light (c = 3×10⁸ m/s)[/blue] in vacuum.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]روشنی کی رفتار سے (Speed of light)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ویکیوم میں الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز [blue]روشنی کی رفتار سے سفر کرتی ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to the speed of electromagnetic waves in material mediums?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;میٹریل میڈیمز (material mediums) میں الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز کی رفتار پر کیا اثر پڑتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Speed increases&quot;, &quot;Speed remains zero&quot;, &quot;Speed decreases&quot;, &quot;Speed becomes infinite&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Speed decreases[/red] is correct because atomic interactions and refractive indices cause EM wave speed to [blue]decrease when passing through material media[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]رفتار کم ہو جاتی ہے (Speed decreases)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مادی میڈیم سے گزرتے وقت الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز کی رفتار [blue]خلا کے مقابلے میں کم ہو جاتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In material mediums, the speed of electromagnetic waves remains greater than what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;میٹریل میڈیمز میں الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز کی رفتار کس سے زیادہ رہتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mechanical waves&quot;, &quot;Speed of light in vacuum&quot;, &quot;Infinite speed&quot;, &quot;Zero speed&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Mechanical waves[/red] is correct because even in dense media, light/EM waves travel [blue]vastly faster than mechanical waves (e.g. sound)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]میکینیکل ویوز سے (Mechanical waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ رفتار کم ہونے کے باوجود الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز [blue]میکینیکل ویوز سے تیز رہتی ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Do You Know?&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is happening continuously at the sun?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سورج پر مسلسل کیا ہو رہا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Huge explosions&quot;, &quot;Heavy rain&quot;, &quot;Strong wind&quot;, &quot;Water waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Huge explosions[/red] is correct because nuclear fusion produces [blue]continuous massive thermonuclear explosions on the sun[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]بڑے بڑے دھماکے (Huge explosions)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سورج کے اندر مسلسل [blue]نیوکلیئر دھماکے[/blue] ہو رہے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Each explosion on the sun produces which of the following?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سورج پر ہونے والا ہر دھماکہ کیا پیدا کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sound&quot;, &quot;Light&quot;, &quot;Heat&quot;, &quot;All of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All of the above[/red] is correct because solar explosions release intense [blue]sound (acoustic shockwaves), light, and heat energy[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ تمام (All of the above)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سورج کا ہر دھماکہ [blue]آواز، روشنی اور حرارت[/blue] پیدا کرتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In what form do light and heat from the sun travel to reach us?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سورج سے انے والی روشنی اور حرارت کس صورت میں سفر کرتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mechanical waves&quot;, &quot;Electromagnetic waves&quot;, &quot;Sound waves&quot;, &quot;Water waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Electromagnetic waves[/red] is correct because solar thermal and optical radiation propagate through space as [blue]electromagnetic waves[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز (Electromagnetic waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ روشنی اور حرارت خلا میں [blue]الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز کی شکل میں[/blue] سفر کرتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Electromagnetic waves like light and heat do NOT require what for travel?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;روشنی اور حرارت جیسی الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز کو سفر کے لیے کس چیز کی ضرورت نہیں ہوتی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Energy&quot;, &quot;Speed&quot;, &quot;Material medium&quot;, &quot;Vacuum&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Material medium[/red] is correct because non-mechanical EM waves can [blue]traverse through complete empty vacuum[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مادی میڈیم (Material medium)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز کو سفر کے لیے [blue]کسی مادی میڈیم کی ضرورت نہیں ہوتی[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Sound is what type of wave that requires a material medium to travel?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ساؤنڈ کس قسم کی ویو ہے جسے سفر کے لیے مادی میڈیم کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Electromagnetic wave&quot;, &quot;Mechanical wave&quot;, &quot;Light wave&quot;, &quot;Micro wave&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Mechanical wave[/red] is correct because sound is an acoustic disturbance that [blue]strictly requires particles to propagate[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]میکینیکل ویو (Mechanical wave)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آواز ایک میکینیکل ویو ہے جسے سفر کے لیے [blue]میڈیم درکار ہوتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is present between the sun and the earth?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سورج اور زمین کے درمیان کیا موجود ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Air&quot;, &quot;Water&quot;, &quot;Cloth&quot;, &quot;Vacuum&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Vacuum[/red] is correct because outer space between Earth&#39;s atmosphere and the sun is an [blue]empty vacuum[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ویکیوم یعنی خلا (Vacuum)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سورج اور زمین کے درمیانی فاصلے میں [blue]ویکیوم (خلا)[/blue] موجود ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why is sound NOT heard on earth due to explosions on the sun?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سورج کے دھماکوں کی آواز زمین پر کیوں نہیں سنائی دیتی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Due to vacuum between sun and earth&quot;, &quot;Explosions do not make sound&quot;, &quot;Sound moves faster than light&quot;, &quot;Sound turns into heat&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Due to vacuum between sun and earth[/red] is correct because sound mechanical waves [blue]cannot travel through the vacuum of space[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سورج اور زمین کے درمیان ویکیوم ہونے کی وجہ سے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آواز خلا یعنی [blue]ویکیوم میں سے سفر نہیں کر سکتی[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Transverse Waves&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Waves are divided into two types with respect to their what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ویوز کو کس لحاظ سے دو اقسام میں تقسیم کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Speed&quot;, &quot;Nature&quot;, &quot;Colour&quot;, &quot;Density&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Nature[/red] is correct because based on the nature/direction of particle vibration relative to wave travel, waves are [blue]transverse or longitudinal[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نیچر کے لحاظ سے (Nature)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ذرات کی حرکت کی سمت یا [blue]نیچر کے لحاظ سے[/blue] ویوز کی دو اقسام بنتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the two types of waves with respect to their nature?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نیچر (nature) کے لحاظ سے ویوز کی دو اقسام کون سی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Transverse waves and Longitudinal waves&quot;, &quot;Sound waves and Light waves&quot;, &quot;Primary waves and Secondary waves&quot;, &quot;Radio waves and Micro waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Transverse waves and Longitudinal waves[/red] is correct as these represent the [blue]two fundamental geometric modes of wave oscillation[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹرانسورس اور لونیٹیوڈنل ویوز[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نیچر کے لحاظ سے ویوز [blue]ٹرانسورس یا لونیٹیوڈنل[/blue] ہوتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When a wave moves on a rope towards a wall, how do particles of the string move?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب رسی پر ویو دیوار کی طرف حرکت کرتی ہے تو رسی کے ذرات کیسے حرکت کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Move right with the wave&quot;, &quot;Vibrate up and down&quot;, &quot;Move in a circle&quot;, &quot;Move backwards only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Vibrate up and down[/red] is correct because rope particles oscillate [blue]perpendicularly (up and down)[/blue] while the wave moves forward.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اوپر اور نیچے وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ رسی کے ذرات ویو کے ساتھ آگے جانے کی بجائے اپنی جگہ پر [blue]اوپر نیچے وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Waves in which particles of the medium vibrate perpendicular to direction of wave travel are called what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ ویوز جن میں میڈیم کے ذرات ویو کی سمت کے پرپینڈیکولر (perpendicular) وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں کیا کہلاتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Longitudinal waves&quot;, &quot;Transverse waves&quot;, &quot;Sound waves&quot;, &quot;Primary waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Transverse waves[/red] is correct because a [blue]90-degree perpendicular oscillation relative to wave travel[/blue] defines transverse waves.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹرانسورس ویوز (Transverse waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جن ویوز میں ذرات ویو کی سمت کے [blue]عموداً (perpendicular) وائبریٹ کریں[/blue] انہیں ٹرانسورس ویوز کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Transverse waves travel in the form of what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ٹرانسورس ویوز کس شکل میں سفر کرتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Compression and rarefaction&quot;, &quot;Direct lines&quot;, &quot;Crest and trough&quot;, &quot;Circles&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Crest and trough[/red] is correct because transverse wave profiles alternate between [blue]crests (peaks) and troughs (valleys)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کرسٹ اور ٹرف (Crest and trough)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹرانسورس ویوز [blue]کرسٹ اور ٹرف[/blue] کی شکل میں سفر کرتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the portion of transverse waves ABOVE the mean position called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مین پوزیشن سے اوپر والے ٹرانسورس ویو کے حصے کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Trough&quot;, &quot;Compression&quot;, &quot;Crest&quot;, &quot;Rarefaction&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Crest[/red] is correct because the highest elevation above the equilibrium/mean position is the [blue]crest[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کرسٹ (Crest)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مین پوزیشن سے [blue]اوپر ابھرے ہوئے حصے[/blue] کو کرسٹ کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the portion of transverse waves BELOW the mean position called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مین پوزیشن سے نیچے والے ٹرانسورس ویو کے حصے کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Trough&quot;, &quot;Crest&quot;, &quot;Wavelength&quot;, &quot;Mean position&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Trough[/red] is correct because the lowest dip below the equilibrium/mean position is the [blue]trough[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹرف (Trough)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مین پوزیشن سے [blue]نیچے والے گہرے حصے[/blue] کو ٹرف کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following features belong to a transverse wave?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کون سے اجزا ٹرانسورس ویو کا حصہ ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Crest and Trough&quot;, &quot;Mean Position&quot;, &quot;Wavelength&quot;, &quot;All of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All of the above[/red] is correct because transverse waves have [blue]crests, troughs, a mean line, and measurable wavelengths[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ تمام (All of the above)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹرانسورس ویو میں [blue]کرسٹ، ٹرف، مین پوزیشن اور ویو لینتھ[/blue] تمام اجزا شامل ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is an example of transverse waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے ٹرانسورس ویوز کی مثال کون سی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;String waves and water waves&quot;, &quot;Slinky spring disturbed perpendicular&quot;, &quot;Secondary waves (S-Waves) of earthquake&quot;, &quot;All of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All of the above[/red] is correct because water ripples, plucked string waves, perpendicular slinky waves, and S-seismic waves are [blue]all transverse[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ تمام (All of the above)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اسٹرنگ، واٹر، اسپرنگ کی عمودی لہریں اور زلزلے کی ایس ویوز سب [blue]ٹرانسورس ویوز[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Secondary waves (S-Waves) of an earthquake are which type of waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زلزلے کی سیکنڈری ویوز (S-Waves) کس قسم کی ویوز ہوتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Transverse waves&quot;, &quot;Sound waves&quot;, &quot;Longitudinal waves&quot;, &quot;Compression waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Transverse waves[/red] is correct because shear earthquake waves (S-waves) shake ground [blue]perpendicular to their propagation direction[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹرانسورس ویوز (Transverse waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زلزلے کی سیکنڈری یعنی ایس ویوز [blue]ٹرانسورس نیچر[/blue] رکھتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does one crest and one trough form together?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک کرسٹ (crest) اور ایک ٹرف (trough) مل کر کیا بناتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Half cycle&quot;, &quot;One wave or cycle&quot;, &quot;Two waves&quot;, &quot;Three cycles&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]One wave or cycle[/red] is correct because a single complete wave consists of [blue]one crest combined with one trough[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک ویو یا سائیکل (One wave or cycle)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایک کرسٹ اور ایک ٹرف مل کر [blue]ایک مکمل ویو[/blue] بناتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Longitudinal Waves&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When a spring is disturbed along its length, how do particles (or loops) of the spring vibrate?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب اسپرنگ کو اس کی لمبائی کے رخ وائبریٹ کیا جائے تو اسپرنگ کے لوپس (loops) کیسے وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Up and down&quot;, &quot;Back and forth&quot;, &quot;In a circle&quot;, &quot;Perpendicular to length&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Back and forth[/red] is correct because disturbing a spring along its axis makes the coils oscillate [blue]back and forth parallel to length[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]آگے اور پیچھے (Back and forth)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ لمبائی کے رخ چھیڑنے پر اسپرنگ کے لوپس [blue]آگے پیچھے وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Waves in which particles of the medium vibrate parallel to direction of wave travel are called what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ ویوز جن میں میڈیم کے ذرات ویو کے سفر کی سمت کے پیرالل (parallel) وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں کیا کہلاتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Longitudinal waves&quot;, &quot;Transverse waves&quot;, &quot;Electromagnetic waves&quot;, &quot;Secondary waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Longitudinal waves[/red] is correct because waves where medium displacement is [blue]parallel to the line of wave travel[/blue] are longitudinal.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لونیٹیوڈنل ویوز (Longitudinal waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جن ویوز میں ذرات ویو کے سفر کے [blue]پیرالل (متوازی) حرکت کریں[/blue] انہیں لونیٹیوڈنل ویوز کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Longitudinal waves travel through a medium in the form of what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لونیٹیوڈنل ویوز کس شکل میں سفر کرتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Crest and trough&quot;, &quot;Up and down loops&quot;, &quot;Compression and rarefaction&quot;, &quot;Light and heat&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Compression and rarefaction[/red] is correct because longitudinal waves propagate as alternating regions of [blue]compressions and rarefactions[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کمپریشن اور ریئریفیکشن[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ لونیٹیوڈنل ویوز [blue]کمپریشن اور ریئریفیکشن[/blue] کی صورت میں آگے بڑھتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the portion of a longitudinal wave in which particles of the medium are close to each other called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لونیٹیوڈنل ویو کا وہ حصہ جہاں میڈیم کے ذرات ایک دوسرے کے قریب ہوتے ہیں کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Rarefaction&quot;, &quot;Crest&quot;, &quot;Compression&quot;, &quot;Trough&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Compression[/red] is correct because the high-density region where particles are [blue]pressed close together is a compression[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کمپریشن (Compression)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ لونیٹیوڈنل ویو کا وہ حصہ جہاں ذرات [blue]ایک دوسرے کے قریب دبے ہوتے ہیں[/blue] کمپریشن کہلاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the portion of a longitudinal wave in which particles of the medium are spread out called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لونیٹیوڈنل ویو کا وہ حصہ جہاں میڈیم کے ذرات پھیلے ہوئے (spread out) ہوتے ہیں کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Rarefaction&quot;, &quot;Compression&quot;, &quot;Crest&quot;, &quot;Trough&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Rarefaction[/red] is correct because the low-density region where particles are [blue]spread apart is a rarefaction[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ریئریفیکشن (Rarefaction)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ وہ مقام جہاں میڈیم کے ذرات [blue]پھیل کر دور ہو جاتے ہیں[/blue] ریئریفیکشن کہلاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is an example of longitudinal waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے لونیٹیوڈنل ویوز کی مثال کون سی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sound waves and tsunami waves&quot;, &quot;Primary waves of earthquake&quot;, &quot;Slinky spring disturbed along its length&quot;, &quot;All of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All of the above[/red] is correct because sound, deep tsunami oscillations, P-earthquake waves, and longitudinal spring waves are [blue]all longitudinal[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ تمام (All of the above)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ساؤنڈ، تسونامی، زلزلے کی پی ویوز اور اسپرنگ ویوز سب [blue]لونیٹیوڈنل ویوز کی مثالیں[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Primary waves of an earthquake are which type of waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زلزلے کی پرائمری ویوز (Primary waves) کس قسم کی ویوز ہوتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Transverse waves&quot;, &quot;Longitudinal waves&quot;, &quot;Light waves&quot;, &quot;Electromagnetic waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Longitudinal waves[/red] is correct because primary (P) seismic waves compress and expand ground particles [blue]parallel to wave motion[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لونیٹیوڈنل ویوز (Longitudinal waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زلزلے کی پرائمری یا پی ویوز [blue]لونیٹیوڈنل انداز میں سفر کرتی ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Information&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Compression is the region of longitudinal waves having which of the following properties?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کمپریشن (compression) کے علاقے میں لونیٹیوڈنل ویوز کی کون سی خصوصیات ہوتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Low volume&quot;, &quot;High density&quot;, &quot;High pressure&quot;, &quot;All of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All of the above[/red] is correct because packed particles create [blue]low volume, high density, and high pressure in compressions[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ تمام (All of the above)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کمپریشن میں ذرات دبنے سے [blue]کم والیوم، زیادہ ڈینسیٹی اور زیادہ پریشر[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In a compression region of longitudinal waves, what are the density and pressure?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لونیٹیوڈنل ویو کے کمپریشن والے حصے میں ڈینسیٹی اور پریشر کیسے ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Low&quot;, &quot;High&quot;, &quot;Zero&quot;, &quot;Constant&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]High[/red] is correct because crowded particles in a compression create [blue]high density and high pressure[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زیادہ ہوتے ہیں (High)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کمپریشن کے مقام پر ذرات کے ہجوم سے [blue]ڈینسیٹی اور پریشر زیادہ[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Rarefaction is the region of longitudinal waves characterized by which of the following?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ریئریفیکشن (rarefaction) کے علاقے میں لونیٹیوڈنل ویوز کی کون سی خصوصیات ہوتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Large volume&quot;, &quot;Low density&quot;, &quot;Low pressure&quot;, &quot;All of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All of the above[/red] is correct because particles spread out, creating [blue]larger volume, lower density, and lower pressure[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ تمام (All of the above)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ریئریفیکشن میں [blue]بڑا والیوم، کم ڈینسیٹی اور کم پریشر[/blue] پایا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In a rarefaction region of longitudinal waves, what are the density and pressure?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لونیٹیوڈنل ویو کے ریئریفیکشن والے حصے میں ڈینسیٹی اور پریشر کیسے ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Low&quot;, &quot;High&quot;, &quot;Infinite&quot;, &quot;Maximum&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Low[/red] is correct because the wider spacing between particles results in [blue]low density and low pressure[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کم ہوتے ہیں (Low)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ریئریفیکشن کے حصے میں پھیلاؤ کی وجہ سے [blue]ڈینسیٹی اور پریشر کم[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In longitudinal waves, variation in density of medium is due to variation of what on its particles?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لونیٹیوڈنل ویوز میں میڈیم کی ڈینسیٹی میں تبدیلی کس کی تبدیلی کی وجہ سے ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Speed of light&quot;, &quot;Variation of pressure&quot;, &quot;Temperature&quot;, &quot;Medium color&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Variation of pressure[/red] is correct because oscillating [blue]pressure variations alternately compress and expand the medium[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پریشر کی تبدیلی (Variation of pressure)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ میڈیم کے ذرات پر [blue]پریشر کے اتار چڑھاؤ[/blue] کی وجہ سے ڈینسیٹی بدلتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Points To Ponder&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What types of waves do earthquakes generate?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زلزلے (earthquakes) کس قسم کی ویوز پیدا کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Transverse waves only&quot;, &quot;Longitudinal waves only&quot;, &quot;Both transverse and longitudinal waves&quot;, &quot;Light waves only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both transverse and longitudinal waves[/red] is correct because earthquakes generate [blue]both P-waves (longitudinal) and S-waves (transverse)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹرانسورس اور لونیٹیوڈنل دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زلزلے کے دوران [blue]پی ویوز (لونیٹیوڈنل) اور ایس ویوز (ٹرانسورس)[/blue] دونوں پیدا ہوتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which waves travel faster through Earth and reach seismographs first?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین میں کون سی ویوز زیادہ تیز سفر کرتی ہیں اور ساسموفوگراف تک پہلے پہنچتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Longitudinal waves&quot;, &quot;Transverse waves&quot;, &quot;S-waves&quot;, &quot;Surface water waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Longitudinal waves[/red] is correct because primary longitudinal (P) waves have higher velocity and [blue]reach seismic stations first[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لونیٹیوڈنل ویوز (Longitudinal waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ لونیٹیوڈنل پی ویوز تیز رفتار ہونے کی وجہ سے [blue]ساسموفوگراف پر پہلے پہنچتی ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are seismographs?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ساسموفوگراف (seismographs) کیا ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sound amplifiers&quot;, &quot;Pressure gauges&quot;, &quot;Light detectors&quot;, &quot;Earthquake detectors&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Earthquake detectors[/red] is correct because seismographs are specialized instruments used as [blue]earthquake and seismic wave detectors[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زلزلہ ناپنے والے آلے (Earthquake detectors)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ساسموفوگراف زلزلے کی شدت اور لہریں ریکارڈ کرنے والے [blue]زلزلہ شناسا آلے[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The faster longitudinal waves generated by earthquakes are called what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زلزلے کی لونیٹیوڈنل ویوز کو اور کیا کہا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Secondary or S-waves&quot;, &quot;Primary or P-waves&quot;, &quot;Light waves&quot;, &quot;Radio waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Primary or P-waves[/red] is correct because the faster longitudinal seismic waves are named [blue]Primary or P-waves[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پرائمری یا پی ویوز (Primary / P-waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زلزلے کی تیز لونیٹیوڈنل لہروں کو [blue]پرائمری ویوز (P-waves)[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Transverse waves from earthquakes travel much slower and are called what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زلزلے کی ٹرانسورس ویوز آہستہ سفر کرتی ہیں، انہیں کیا کہا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Primary waves&quot;, &quot;Light waves&quot;, &quot;Secondary or S-waves&quot;, &quot;Radio waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Secondary or S-waves[/red] is correct because the slower arriving transverse earthquake waves are called [blue]Secondary or S-waves[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سیکنڈری یا ایس ویوز (Secondary / S-waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زلزلے کی آہستہ ٹرانسورس لہروں کو [blue]سیکنڈری ویوز (S-waves)[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What can seismologists estimate from the difference in the time of arrival of the two waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سائنسدان دونوں ویوز کی آمد کے وقت کے فرق سے کس چیز کا اندازہ لگا سکتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Temperature of the quake&quot;, &quot;Distance from the detector to the quake&quot;, &quot;Speed of sound in air&quot;, &quot;Depth of the ocean&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Distance from the detector to the quake[/red] is correct because the arrival time lag between P and S waves allows [blue]precise epicenter distance calculation[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زلزلے کے مرکز کا فاصلہ[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ P اور S ویوز کی آمد کے درمیانی وقفے سے [blue]زلزلے کے مرکز کے فاصلے[/blue] کا اندازہ لگایا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What do one rarefaction and one compression form together?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک ریئریفیکشن (rarefaction) اور ایک کمپریشن (compression) مل کر کیا بناتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Two transverse waves&quot;, &quot;One longitudinal wave&quot;, &quot;Half wave&quot;, &quot;One light cycle&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]One longitudinal wave[/red] is correct because a single complete longitudinal cycle consists of [blue]one compression paired with one rarefaction[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک مکمل لونیٹیوڈنل ویو[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایک کمپریشن اور ایک ریئریفیکشن مل کر [blue]ایک مکمل لونیٹیوڈنل ویو[/blue] بناتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Properties Of Waves&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the length of one wave (or cycle) called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک ویو (یا سائیکل) کی لمبائی کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Frequency&quot;, &quot;Wavelength&quot;, &quot;Speed&quot;, &quot;Time period&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Wavelength[/red] is correct because the physical linear length of one complete wave cycle is its [blue]wavelength[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ویو لینتھ (Wavelength)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایک مکمل ویو یا سائیکل کی لمبائی کو [blue]ویو لینتھ[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The distance between two consecutive crests or two consecutive troughs is defined as what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دو متواتر کرسٹ (consecutive crests) یا دو متواتر ٹرف کا درمیانی فاصلہ کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Frequency&quot;, &quot;Amplitude&quot;, &quot;Wavelength&quot;, &quot;Speed&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Wavelength[/red] is correct because the spatial span between adjacent crests or troughs is the [blue]wavelength (λ)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ویو لینتھ (Wavelength)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دو مسلسل کرسٹس یا ٹرفس کے درمیانی فاصلے کو [blue]ویو لینتھ[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the SI unit of wavelength?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ویو لینتھ کا SI یونٹ کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Second (s)&quot;, &quot;Hertz (Hz)&quot;, &quot;Kilogram (kg)&quot;, &quot;Meter (m)&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Meter (m)[/red] is correct because as a spatial linear distance, the SI unit of wavelength is the [blue]meter (m)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]میٹر یعنی m (Meter)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ لمبائی کا بنیادی سائنسی اور ایس آئی یونٹ [blue]میٹر (meter)[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;For different waves, wavelengths might range from what to what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مختلف ویوز کے لیے ویو لینتھ کس حد میں ہو سکتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Millimetres (mm) to kilometres (km)&quot;, &quot;Seconds to hours&quot;, &quot;Grams to kilograms&quot;, &quot;Volts to kilowatts&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Millimetres (mm) to kilometres (km)[/red] is correct because wave spectra span from [blue]micro/millimetres up to kilometres (e.g. radio waves)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ملی میٹر سے لے کر کلومیٹر تک[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مختلف ویوز کی لمبائی [blue]ملی میٹر سے کلومیٹر[/blue] تک پھیلی ہو سکتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Do You Know?&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What do electromagnetic waves like light NOT require to travel?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لائٹ جیسی الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز کو سفر کے لیے کس چیز کی ضرورت نہیں ہوتی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Material medium&quot;, &quot;Speed&quot;, &quot;Electric fields&quot;, &quot;Magnetic fields&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Material medium[/red] is correct because EM waves propagate via self-sustaining electric and magnetic fields [blue]without needing a material medium[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مادی میڈیم (Material medium)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ روشنی جیسی الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز کو [blue]کسی مادی میڈیم کی ضرورت نہیں ہوتی[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In electromagnetic waves, what vibrates perpendicular to wave travel instead of medium particles?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز میں میڈیم کے ذرات کی جگہ ویو کی سمت کے پرپینڈیکولر کیا وائبریٹ کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Water particles&quot;, &quot;Electric and magnetic fields&quot;, &quot;Sound particles&quot;, &quot;Air particles&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Electric and magnetic fields[/red] is correct because EM waves are mutually oscillating [blue]perpendicular electric and magnetic fields[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]الیکٹرک اور میگنیٹک فیلڈز[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز میں ذرات کی بجائے [blue]الیکٹرک اور میگنیٹک فیلڈز وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Because electric and magnetic fields vibrate perpendicular to wave travel, electromagnetic waves are what type of waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چونکہ الیکٹرک اور میگنیٹک فیلڈز پرپینڈیکولر وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں، اس لیے الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز کس قسم کی ویوز ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Longitudinal waves&quot;, &quot;Sound waves&quot;, &quot;Transverse waves&quot;, &quot;Mechanical waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Transverse waves[/red] is correct because any wave with perpendicular field/particle oscillations is a [blue]transverse wave[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹرانسورس ویوز (Transverse waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پرپینڈیکولر وائبریشن کی بدولت تمام الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز [blue]ٹرانسورس ویوز[/blue] ہوتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the number of waves passing through a point in one second called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک سیکنڈ میں کسی پوائنٹ سے گزرنے والی ویوز کی تعداد کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Time period&quot;, &quot;Frequency&quot;, &quot;Amplitude&quot;, &quot;Wavelength&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Frequency[/red] is correct because frequency is defined as the [blue]number of full wave cycles passing a reference point per second[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]فریکوئنسی (Frequency)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایک سیکنڈ میں کسی پوائنٹ سے گزرنے والی ویوز کی تعداد کو [blue]فریکوئنسی[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the SI unit and symbol of frequency?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فریکوئنسی کا SI یونٹ اور سمبل (symbol) کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Second (s) and T&quot;, &quot;Meter (m) and λ&quot;, &quot;Hertz (Hz) and f&quot;, &quot;Joule (J) and E&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Hertz (Hz) and f[/red] is correct because frequency is symbolized by [blue]f[/blue] and measured in units of [blue]hertz (Hz)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہرٹز یعنی Hz اور علامت f[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فریکوئنسی کا ایس آئی یونٹ [blue]ہرٹز (Hz)[/blue] اور سمبل [blue]f[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the formula for frequency (f)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فریکوئنسی (f) معلوم کرنے کا فارمولا کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;f = t / n&quot;, &quot;f = n / t&quot;, &quot;f = n × t&quot;, &quot;f = n + t&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]f = n / t[/red] is correct because frequency equals [blue]number of waves (n) divided by time (t)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]f = n / t[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فریکوئنسی کا فارمولا [blue]ویوز کی تعداد تقسیم کل وقت (f = n/t)[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The time taken by a wave to pass through a point in the medium is called what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی میڈیم میں ایک ویو کو ایک پوائنٹ سے گزرنے کے لیے درکار وقت کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Time Period&quot;, &quot;Frequency&quot;, &quot;Amplitude&quot;, &quot;Wavelength&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Time Period[/red] is correct because the duration required for one complete wave cycle to pass is the [blue]time period (T)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹائم پیریڈ (Time Period)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایک مکمل ویو کے گزرنے میں لگنے والے وقت کو [blue]ٹائم پیریڈ[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the SI unit of Time Period?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ٹائم پیریڈ کا SI یونٹ کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Hertz (Hz)&quot;, &quot;Meter (m)&quot;, &quot;Second (s)&quot;, &quot;Kilogram (kg)&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Second (s)[/red] is correct because time period measures duration, making its SI unit the [blue]second (s)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سیکنڈ یعنی s (Second)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹائم پیریڈ وقت کی پیمائش ہے جس کا ایس آئی یونٹ [blue]سیکنڈ (s)[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the formula for Time Period (T)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ٹائم پیریڈ (T) کا فارمولا کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;T = n / t&quot;, &quot;T = t × n&quot;, &quot;T = t - n&quot;, &quot;T = t / n&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]T = t / n[/red] is correct because Time Period is calculated as [blue]total elapsed time (t) divided by the number of waves (n)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]T = t / n[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹائم پیریڈ کا حسابی فارمولا [blue]کل وقت تقسیم ویوز کی تعداد (T = t/n)[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the maximum displacement of a vibrating particle of the medium from mean position called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;میڈیم کے وائبریٹ کرتے ذرے کا مین پوزیشن سے زیادہ سے زیادہ فاصلہ (maximum displacement) کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Frequency&quot;, &quot;Amplitude&quot;, &quot;Time Period&quot;, &quot;Wavelength&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Amplitude[/red] is correct because peak displacement of an oscillating particle from its equilibrium position is defined as [blue]amplitude[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایمپلیٹیوڈ (Amplitude)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مین پوزیشن سے زیادہ سے زیادہ فاصلے کو [blue]ایمپلیٹیوڈ[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which property of a wave measures the energy carried by it?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ویو کی کون سی خصوصیت اس میں موجود انرجی کو ماپتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Amplitude&quot;, &quot;Time period&quot;, &quot;Frequency symbol&quot;, &quot;Trough&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Amplitude[/red] is correct because wave energy is directly proportional to the [blue]square of its amplitude[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایمپلیٹیوڈ (Amplitude)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ویو میں موجود انرجی کی مقدار کا تعلق براہ راست اس کے [blue]ایمپلیٹیوڈ[/blue] سے ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If the amplitude of a wave is greater, how will the energy carried by it be affected?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر کسی ویو کا ایمپلیٹیوڈ (amplitude) زیادہ ہو گا، تو اس میں موجود انرجی کی مقدار کیسی ہوگی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Energy will be smaller&quot;, &quot;Energy will be greater&quot;, &quot;Energy will be zero&quot;, &quot;Energy will disappear&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Energy will be greater[/red] is correct because waves with larger amplitudes [blue]carry significantly more vibrational energy[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]انرجی زیادہ ہوگی (Energy will be greater)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زیادہ ایمپلیٹیوڈ والی ویو [blue]زیادہ انرجی منتقل کرتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Relation Between Frequency And Time Period Of Waves&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the mathematical result when frequency (f) and time period (T) are multiplied together?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب فریکوئنسی (f) اور ٹائم پیریڈ (T) کو ضرب دیا جائے تو کیا حاصل ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;(f)(T) = 0&quot;, &quot;(f)(T) = 1&quot;, &quot;(f)(T) = 2&quot;, &quot;(f)(T) = 10&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red](f)(T) = 1[/red] is correct because frequency and period are exact reciprocals, making their product [blue](f)(T) = 1[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red](f)(T) = 1[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فریکوئنسی اور ٹائم پیریڈ کے باہمی ضرب کا نتیجہ ہمیشہ [blue]1[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How are the frequency of a wave and its time period related to each other?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی ویو کی فریکوئنسی اور اس کے ٹائم پیریڈ کا آپس میں کیا تعلق ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Equal to each other&quot;, &quot;Directly proportional&quot;, &quot;Independent of each other&quot;, &quot;Inverse of each other&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Inverse of each other[/red] is correct because frequency and time period are [blue]inversely proportional (reciprocal)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک دوسرے کا معکوس (Inverse of each other)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فریکوئنسی اور ٹائم پیریڈ ایک دوسرے کا [blue]الٹ یا معکوس[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which formula correctly represents the relation between frequency (f) and time period (T)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فریکوئنسی (f) اور ٹائم پیریڈ (T) کا صحیح فارمولا کون سا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;f = 1/T&quot;, &quot;T = 1/f&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;, &quot;f = T&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because the inverse relation is validly expressed as [blue]f = 1/T or T = 1/f[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ان کا تعلق [blue]f = 1/T اور T = 1/f[/blue] دونوں مساواتوں سے درست ظاہر ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If waves have high frequency in a medium, what does it mean?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر کسی میڈیم میں ویوز کی فریکوئنسی زیادہ ہو تو اس کا کیا مطلب ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Small number of waves in medium&quot;, &quot;Large number of waves (or cycles) in its small region&quot;, &quot;Zero waves passing&quot;, &quot;Waves have stopped moving&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Large number of waves (or cycles) in its small region[/red] is correct because higher frequency means [blue]more wave crests packed per unit space/time[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]چھوٹے علاقے میں ویوز یا سائیکلز کی بڑی تعداد ہونا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہائی فریکوئنسی میں [blue]ویوز زیادہ تعداد میں اکھٹی ہوتی ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to the wavelength of waves when they have high frequency?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب ویوز کی فریکوئنسی زیادہ ہو تو ان کی ویو لینتھ (wavelength) کیسی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Shorter wavelength&quot;, &quot;Longer wavelength&quot;, &quot;Infinite wavelength&quot;, &quot;Zero wavelength&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Shorter wavelength[/red] is correct because wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency (v = fλ), meaning higher frequency yields a [blue]shorter wavelength[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]چھوٹی ویو لینتھ (Shorter wavelength)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فریکوئنسی زیادہ ہونے سے [blue]ویو لینتھ مختصر یعنی چھوٹی[/blue] ہو جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Short waves (more cycles) pass through a point in small time with what type of frequency?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چھوٹی ویوز (زیادہ سائیکلز) کم وقت میں کسی پوائنٹ سے کس فریکوئنسی کے ساتھ گزرتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Lower frequency&quot;, &quot;Zero frequency&quot;, &quot;Higher frequency&quot;, &quot;Negative frequency&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Higher frequency[/red] is correct because tightly spaced short waves pass more crests per unit time, representing [blue]higher frequency[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زیادہ فریکوئنسی (Higher frequency)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چھوٹی ویوز کم وقت میں [blue]زیادہ فریکوئنسی کے ساتھ گزرتی ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Frequency of a wave and its time period are what of each other?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی ویو کی فریکوئنسی اور اس کا ٹائم پیریڈ ایک دوسرے کے کیا ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Inverse of each other&quot;, &quot;Equal to each other&quot;, &quot;Sum of each other&quot;, &quot;Double of each other&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Inverse of each other[/red] is correct because f = 1/T, proving they are mathematical [blue]reciprocals (inverses)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک دوسرے کا معکوس (Inverse of each other)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فریکوئنسی اور ٹائم پیریڈ [blue]ایک دوسرے کا الٹ ہوتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Relation Between Amplitude And Frequency Of Waves&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the maximum displacement of a vibrating particle of the medium from its mean position called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;میڈیم کے وائبریٹ کرتے ہوئے ذرے کا مین پوزیشن سے زیادہ سے زیادہ فاصلہ (maximum displacement) کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Wavelength&quot;, &quot;Amplitude&quot;, &quot;Frequency&quot;, &quot;Speed&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Amplitude[/red] is correct because the peak distance from central equilibrium to crest/trough is [blue]amplitude[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایمپلیٹیوڈ (Amplitude)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مین پوزیشن سے کسی ذرے کے انتہائی فاصلے کو [blue]ایمپلیٹیوڈ[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a wave known to be a carrier of?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ویو (wave) کو کس چیز کا کیریئر (carrier) کہا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Matter&quot;, &quot;Particles&quot;, &quot;Carrier of energy&quot;, &quot;Medium&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Carrier of energy[/red] is correct because waves function as a physical mechanism that [blue]transports energy without net displacement of matter[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]انرجی کی کیریئر (Carrier of energy)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ویو ایک جگہ سے دوسری جگہ [blue]انرجی کو منتقل کرنے کا ذریعہ[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How much energy does a higher frequency wave carry compared to lower frequency waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کم فریکوئنسی والی ویوز کے مقابلے میں، زیادہ فریکوئنسی والی ویو (higher frequency wave) کتنی انرجی لے جاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Less energy&quot;, &quot;Zero energy&quot;, &quot;Equal energy&quot;, &quot;Carries more energy&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Carries more energy[/red] is correct because energy transported per second increases with [blue]higher wave frequency[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زیادہ انرجی لے جاتی ہے (Carries more energy)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زیادہ فریکوئنسی والی ویو [blue]زیادہ انرجی منتقل کرتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Frequency Of Waves&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is defined as the number of waves passing through a point in one second?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک سیکنڈ میں کسی پوائنٹ سے گزرنے والی ویوز کی تعداد کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Frequency of the wave&quot;, &quot;Time period&quot;, &quot;Amplitude&quot;, &quot;Speed&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Frequency of the wave[/red] is correct because cycles per second is the fundamental definition of [blue]frequency[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ویو کی فریکوئنسی (Frequency of the wave)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایک سیکنڈ میں گزرنے والی لہروں کی تعداد کو [blue]فریکوئنسی[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does a higher frequency wave mean regarding the number of waves passing a point in one second?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہائیر فریکوئنسی ویو (higher frequency wave) کا ایک سیکنڈ میں گزرنے والی ویوز کے بارے میں کیا مطلب ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Zero waves passing&quot;, &quot;Smaller number of waves passing&quot;, &quot;Greater number of waves passing a point in one second&quot;, &quot;Particles stop vibrating&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Greater number of waves passing a point in one second[/red] is correct because frequency is directly the count of [blue]wave cycles per second[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک سیکنڈ میں زیادہ تعداد میں ویوز کا گزرنا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہائی فریکوئنسی کا مطلب ہے کہ [blue]فی سیکنڈ زیادہ لہریں گزرتی ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why does a higher frequency wave carry more energy than lower frequency of waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہائیر فریکوئنسی ویو، لوئر فریکوئنسی ویو (lower frequency) سے زیادہ انرجی کیوں لے جاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because it carries matter&quot;, &quot;Because it has greater number of waves passing a point in one second&quot;, &quot;Because it moves slower&quot;, &quot;Because it has no amplitude&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because it has greater number of waves passing a point in one second[/red] is correct because delivering more wave packets per second [blue]transfers higher cumulative energy[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ ایک سیکنڈ میں زیادہ تعداد میں ویوز گزرتی ہیں[/red] درست ہے جس کی وجہ سے [blue]منتقل ہونے والی انرجی کی مقدار بڑھ جاتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Do You Know?&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does the loudness of sound depend upon?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ساؤنڈ کی لاؤڈنس (loudness) کا انحصار کس پر ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Frequency&quot;, &quot;Amplitude of sound wave&quot;, &quot;Speed&quot;, &quot;Wavelength&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Amplitude of sound wave[/red] is correct because acoustic sound intensity and loudness are determined by [blue]wave amplitude[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ساؤنڈ ویو کے ایمپلیٹیوڈ پر[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آواز کا اونچا یا دھیما ہونا [blue]ویو کے ایمپلیٹیوڈ[/blue] پر منحصر ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Loudness of sound does NOT depend upon which property?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ساؤنڈ کی لاؤڈنس کا انحصار کس چیز پر نہیں ہوتا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Frequency&quot;, &quot;Amplitude&quot;, &quot;Energy&quot;, &quot;Maximum displacement&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Frequency[/red] is correct because frequency controls the pitch of the sound, [blue]not its loudness[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]فریکوئنسی (Frequency)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فریکوئنسی سے پچ کا تعین ہوتا ہے اور اس کا [blue]لاؤڈنس پر اثر نہیں ہوتا[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What effect is produced on the loudness of sound by increasing the frequency of waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ویوز کی فریکوئنسی بڑھانے سے ساؤنڈ کی لاؤڈنس پر کیا اثر پڑتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Loudness increases&quot;, &quot;Loudness decreases&quot;, &quot;No effect on loudness of sound&quot;, &quot;Loudness becomes zero&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]No effect on loudness of sound[/red] is correct because altering frequency changes pitch rather than [blue]amplitude/loudness[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لاؤڈنس پر کوئی اثر نہیں ہوتا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فریکوئنسی بڑھانے سے صرف پچ بدلتی ہے اور [blue]لاؤڈنس برقرار رہتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the relation between frequency and amplitude of a wave?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی ویو کی فریکوئنسی اور ایمپلیٹیوڈ کے درمیان کیا تعلق ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Directly proportional&quot;, &quot;Inversely proportional&quot;, &quot;Equal to each other&quot;, &quot;No direct relation&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]No direct relation[/red] is correct because a wave&#39;s frequency and amplitude are [blue]independent physical properties[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کوئی براہ راست تعلق نہیں ہوتا (No direct relation)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فریکوئنسی اور ایمپلیٹیوڈ [blue]دو الگ اور آزاد خصوصیات ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Sound Waves And Its Properties&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is produced when we beat the drum, pluck the strings of the guitar or hit anything?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب ہم ڈھول بجاتے ہیں، گٹار کی تاریں چھیڑتے ہیں یا کسی چیز پر ضرب لگاتے ہیں تو کیا پیدا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Light&quot;, &quot;Heat&quot;, &quot;Sound&quot;, &quot;Vacuum&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Sound[/red] is correct because striking or plucking objects induces vibrations that produce [blue]sound[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ساؤنڈ یعنی آواز (Sound)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کسی چیز پر ضرب لگانے یا بجانے سے وائبریشنز کے نتیجے میں [blue]آواز پیدا ہوتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to the surface of the drum and guitar strings upon disturbance?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;خلل پڑنے پر ڈھول کی سطح اور گٹار کی تاریں کیا کرتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Vibrating on disturbance&quot;, &quot;Remain completely still&quot;, &quot;Melt down&quot;, &quot;Expand without moving&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Vibrating on disturbance[/red] is correct because mechanical impact sets the membrane or strings into [blue]rapid vibration[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]خلل پر وائبریٹ کرتی ہیں (Vibrating)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چھیڑنے پر ڈھول کی جھلی اور گٹار کی تاریں [blue]تیزی سے وائبریٹ کرنے لگتی ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Longitudinal Nature Of Sound Waves&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is sound produced by?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ساؤنڈ کس کے ذریعے پیدا ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Stationary bodies&quot;, &quot;Vibrating bodies&quot;, &quot;Vacuum&quot;, &quot;Frozen objects&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Vibrating bodies[/red] is correct because sound is fundamentally generated by [blue]mechanical vibrations of matter[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]وائبریٹ کرنے والے اجسام سے (Vibrating bodies)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آواز ہمیشہ [blue]اجسام کے وائبریٹ کرنے سے[/blue] پیدا ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What do sound waves do as they travel away from a vibrating body?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ساؤنڈ ویوز وائبریٹنگ باڈی سے دور جاتے ہوئے کیا کرتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Transfer energy from one place to another&quot;, &quot;Transfer matter from one place to another&quot;, &quot;Destroy surrounding air particles&quot;, &quot;Stop vibrating completely&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Transfer energy from one place to another[/red] is correct because sound waves [blue]propagate acoustic energy across distances[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]انرجی کو ایک جگہ سے دوسری جگہ منتقل کرتی ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ساؤنڈ ویوز وائبریٹنگ باڈی سے نکل کر [blue]انرجی منتقل کرتی ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is compulsory for the production of sound waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ساؤنڈ ویوز کی پیدائش (production) کے لیے کیا چیز لازمی (compulsory) ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Vacuum&quot;, &quot;Light source&quot;, &quot;Vibrating body&quot;, &quot;Mirror&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Vibrating body[/red] is correct because without an initial [blue]vibrating source[/blue], sound waves cannot be created.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]وائبریٹنگ باڈی (Vibrating body)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آواز پیدا کرنے کے لیے [blue]کسی جسم کا وائبریٹ کرنا لازمی[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What must be required for the propagation of sound?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;آواز کی منتقلی/پھیلاؤ (propagation) کے لیے کس چیز کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Vacuum&quot;, &quot;Medium&quot;, &quot;Electric field&quot;, &quot;Darkness&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Medium[/red] is correct because as a mechanical wave, sound strictly requires a [blue]material medium (solid, liquid, or gas)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]میڈیم (Medium)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آواز کے سفر کے لیے [blue]مادی میڈیم کا ہونا[/blue] ناگزیر ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What type of waves are sound waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ساؤنڈ ویوز کس قسم کی ویوز ہوتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Transverse waves&quot;, &quot;Longitudinal waves&quot;, &quot;Light waves&quot;, &quot;Radio waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Longitudinal waves[/red] is correct because air particles vibrate [blue]parallel to the direction of sound wave travel[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لونیٹیوڈنل ویوز (Longitudinal waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آواز میں ذرات کی حرکت ویو کے سفر کے [blue]پیرالل (متوازی)[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What vibrates and disturbs the air particles touching it when a drum is beaten?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ڈھول بجانے پر ہوا کے ذرات میں کون خلل پیدا کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Drum skin&quot;, &quot;Light&quot;, &quot;Vacuum&quot;, &quot;Water&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Drum skin[/red] is correct because the taut [blue]membrane/drum skin oscillates[/blue] to disturb neighboring air molecules.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ڈرم کی سکن (Drum skin)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ڈھول کی جھلی وائبریٹ ہو کر [blue]ہوا کے ذرات میں خلل ڈالتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to air particles when the drum skin moves towards the right?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب ڈرم کی سکن دائیں (right) طرف حرکت کرتی ہے تو ہوا کے ذرات کا کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;They spread out&quot;, &quot;Compresses particles&quot;, &quot;They freeze&quot;, &quot;They disappear&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Compresses particles[/red] is correct because outward motion pushes air molecules together, forming a [blue]compression[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ذرات کو دبا کر کمپریس کرتی ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دائیں طرف کی حرکت سے ہوا پر دباؤ پڑتا ہے اور [blue]کمپریشن بنتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What do air particles transfer to the next particles when they collide?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہوا کے ذرات اگلے ذرات سے ٹکرا کر کیا منتقل کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Matter&quot;, &quot;Air&quot;, &quot;Energy&quot;, &quot;Volume&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Energy[/red] is correct because colliding air molecules pass [blue]kinetic vibrational energy[/blue] along the medium.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]انرجی (Energy)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہوا کے ذرات آپس میں ٹکرا کر [blue]انرجی کو آگے منتقل کرتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What do air particles do when the drum skin moves towards the left and pressure decreases?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب ڈرم کی سکن بائیں (left) طرف جاتی ہے اور پریشر کم ہوتا ہے تو ہوا کے ذرات کیا کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Spread out&quot;, &quot;Compress&quot;, &quot;Heat up&quot;, &quot;Stop moving&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Spread out[/red] is correct because the backward movement creates a drop in pressure where particles [blue]spread out into a rarefaction[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پھیل جاتے ہیں (Spread out)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دباؤ کم ہونے سے ہوا کے ذرات [blue]پھیل کر ریئریفیکشن بناتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why does the disturbance in air keep moving ahead?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہوا میں پیدا ہونے والا خلل (disturbance) آگے کیوں بڑھتا رہتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Vacuum pull&quot;, &quot;No movement&quot;, &quot;Light energy&quot;, &quot;Constant collisions&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Constant collisions[/red] is correct because [blue]continuous sequential collisions between air particles[/blue] propagate the wave forward.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مسلسل ٹکراؤ کی وجہ سے (Constant collisions)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ذرات کے [blue]باہمی ٹکراؤ کے تسلسل سے[/blue] آواز آگے بڑھتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Air particles vibrate in which direction relative to wave travel in sound waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ساؤنڈ ویوز میں ہوا کے ذرات ویو کے سفر کی سمت کس طرح وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Perpendicular&quot;, &quot;Parallel&quot;, &quot;Circular&quot;, &quot;Opposite&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Parallel[/red] is correct because sound is longitudinal, meaning particle oscillation is [blue]parallel to energy propagation[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پیرالل یعنی متوازی (Parallel)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ساؤنڈ ویوز میں ہوا کے ذرات [blue]ویو کی سمت کے متوازی حرکت کرتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Sound is what type of wave?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ساؤنڈ کس قسم کی ویو ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Transverse wave&quot;, &quot;Longitudinal wave&quot;, &quot;Light wave&quot;, &quot;Surface wave&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Longitudinal wave[/red] is correct because sound operates via [blue]compressions and rarefactions parallel to propagation[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لونیٹیوڈنل ویو (Longitudinal wave)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آواز [blue]لونیٹیوڈنل مکینیکل ویو[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Do You Know?&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What can we feel if we place our hand softly on our throat while talking?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;بات کرتے ہوئے اگر ہم نرمی سے گلے پر ہاتھ رکھیں تو ہم کیا محسوس کر سکتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Heat&quot;, &quot;Vibrations&quot;, &quot;Coldness&quot;, &quot;Moisture&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Vibrations[/red] is correct because vocal cords undergo rapid [blue]mechanical vibrations when producing voice[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]وائبریشنز (Vibrations)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بولتے وقت گلے پر ہاتھ رکھنے سے [blue]ووکل کورڈز کی وائبریشنز محسوس ہوتی ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What vibrates in our throat to produce our voice?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہماری آواز پیدا کرنے کے لیے گلے میں کیا چیز وائبریٹ کرتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Vocal cords&quot;, &quot;Tongue&quot;, &quot;Lips&quot;, &quot;Teeth&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Vocal cords[/red] is correct because air expelled past the [blue]vocal cords in the larynx vibrates them[/blue] to create sound.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ووکل کورڈز (Vocal cords)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گلے میں موجود [blue]ووکل کورڈز کے وائبریٹ کرنے سے[/blue] ہماری آواز بنتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Pitch Of Sound&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What type of voice do children and girls usually have?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;بچوں اور لڑکیوں کی آواز عام طور پر کیسی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Grave voice&quot;, &quot;Shrill voice&quot;, &quot;Silent voice&quot;, &quot;Low voice&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Shrill voice[/red] is correct because higher vocal frequency produces a higher pitch, resulting in a [blue]shrill voice[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]باریک یا تیز آواز (Shrill voice)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زیادہ فریکوئنسی کی وجہ سے بچوں اور لڑکیوں کی آواز [blue]باریک (shrill)[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What type of voice do males usually have?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مردوں کی آواز عام طور پر کیسی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Grave voice&quot;, &quot;Shrill voice&quot;, &quot;High pitch voice&quot;, &quot;Soft voice&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Grave voice[/red] is correct because thicker vocal cords produce lower frequency and lower pitch, creating a [blue]grave (deep) voice[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]بھاری آواز (Grave voice)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کم فریکوئنسی کے باعث مردوں کی آواز [blue]بھاری یا سنجیدہ (grave)[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What frequency and pitch does a shrill sound have?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;باریک/تیز آواز (shrill sound) کی فریکوئنسی اور پچ کیسی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Lower frequency&quot;, &quot;Zero pitch&quot;, &quot;Greater frequency (higher pitch)&quot;, &quot;Equal frequency&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Greater frequency (higher pitch)[/red] is correct because shrill sounds are characterized by [blue]high frequency and high pitch[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زیادہ فریکوئنسی اور ہائی پچ[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ باریک آواز میں [blue]فریکوئنسی اور پچ دونوں زیادہ[/blue] ہوتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What frequency and pitch does a grave sound have?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;بھاری آواز (grave sound) کی فریکوئنسی اور پچ کیسی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Lower frequency (lower pitch)&quot;, &quot;Greater frequency (higher pitch)&quot;, &quot;Infinite frequency&quot;, &quot;Zero pitch&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Lower frequency (lower pitch)[/red] is correct because deeper, grave sounds are characterized by [blue]low frequency and low pitch[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کم فریکوئنسی اور لو پچ[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بھاری آواز میں [blue]فریکوئنسی اور پچ کم[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What property of sound tells us how shrill or grave sound is?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ساؤنڈ کی کون سی خصوصیت یہ بتاتی ہے کہ آواز کتنی باریک (shrill) یا بھاری (grave) ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Loudness&quot;, &quot;Pitch of sound&quot;, &quot;Amplitude&quot;, &quot;Speed&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Pitch of sound[/red] is correct because the acoustic property differentiating shrillness from gravity is [blue]pitch[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پچ آف ساؤنڈ (Pitch of sound)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پچ ہی وہ خصوصیت ہے جو بتاتی ہے کہ آواز [blue]باریک ہے یا بھاری[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Pitch of sound helps us to distinguish between sounds of different what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پچ آف ساؤنڈ (pitch of sound) مختلف قسم کی کس چیز والی آوازوں میں فرق کرنے میں مدد دیتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Amplitudes&quot;, &quot;Speeds&quot;, &quot;Frequencies&quot;, &quot;Mediums&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Frequencies[/red] is correct because pitch is the subjective auditory perception of [blue]wave frequency[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]فریکوئنسیوں (Frequencies)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پچ کی مدد سے مختلف [blue]فریکوئنسی رکھنے والی آوازوں میں فرق[/blue] کیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why can our ears differentiate between sounds of different frequencies?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہمارے کان مختلف فریکوئنسیوں کی آوازوں میں فرق کیوں کر سکتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Ears vibrate at different frequencies&quot;, &quot;Ears block high frequencies&quot;, &quot;Ears do not vibrate at all&quot;, &quot;Ears freeze on high sound&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Ears vibrate at different frequencies[/red] is correct because auditory eardrums and hair cells [blue]vibrate correspondingly at different frequencies[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کان مختلف فریکوئنسیوں پر وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کان کا پردہ آنے والی آواز کی [blue]مختلف فریکوئنسی کے مطابق وائبریٹ کرتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is an example of shrill sounds?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے باریک/تیز آواز (shrill sound) کی مثال کون سی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Children and girls voices&quot;, &quot;Whistling sound&quot;, &quot;Chirping of birds&quot;, &quot;All of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All of the above[/red] is correct because whistles, bird chirps, and children&#39;s voices are all high-frequency [blue]shrill sounds[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ تمام (All of the above)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سیٹی، پرندوں کی چہچہاہٹ اور بچوں کی آوازیں سب [blue]باریک آوازوں (shrill sounds)[/blue] کی مثالیں ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is an example of grave sounds?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے بھاری آواز (grave sound) کی مثال کون سی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Male voice and lion&#39;s roar&quot;, &quot;Dog&#39;s barking sound&quot;, &quot;Sound of big drum&quot;, &quot;All of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All of the above[/red] is correct because male voices, lion roars, barking, and big drums produce low-frequency [blue]grave sounds[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ تمام (All of the above)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مردوں کی آواز، شیر کی دہاڑ، کتے کا بھونکنا اور بڑا ڈھول سب [blue]بھاری آوازوں (grave sounds)[/blue] کی مثالیں ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How is the pitch of sound related to the frequency of sound?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پچ آف ساؤنڈ کا ساؤنڈ کی فریکوئنسی کے ساتھ کیا تعلق ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Inversely related&quot;, &quot;Directly related&quot;, &quot;No relation&quot;, &quot;Equal to zero&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Directly related[/red] is correct because higher frequency directly correlates to [blue]higher perceived pitch[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]راست تعلق ہے (Directly related)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آواز کی پچ اور فریکوئنسی کے درمیان [blue]براہ راست تعلق (Pitch ∝ Frequency)[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Experiment&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to the shrillness of sound when we increase the frequency of vibration of a body?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب ہم وائبریشن کی فریکوئنسی بڑھاتے ہیں تو آواز کی تیزابی/باریکی (shrillness) پر کیا اثر پڑتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Decreases&quot;, &quot;Will increase&quot;, &quot;Becomes zero&quot;, &quot;Stays constant&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Will increase[/red] is correct because increasing vibration frequency directly raises pitch, which [blue]increases shrillness[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]بڑھ جائے گی (Will increase)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ وائبریشن کی فریکوئنسی بڑھانے سے آواز کی [blue]باریکی (shrillness) میں اضافہ[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What type of sound do we hear when the selected length of rubber band is small?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب ربڑ بینڈ کی منتخب لمبائی چھوٹی (small) ہو تو ہمیں کس قسم کی آواز سنائی دیتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Grave sound&quot;, &quot;Low pitch sound&quot;, &quot;High pitch or shrill sound&quot;, &quot;Silent sound&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]High pitch or shrill sound[/red] is correct because shorter vibrating lengths oscillate at higher frequencies, producing a [blue]high pitch shrill sound[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہائی پچ یا باریک آواز[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ربڑ بینڈ کی چھوٹی لمبائی تیزی سے وائبریٹ ہو کر [blue]ہائی پچ یا باریک آواز[/blue] نکالتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why do we hear a high pitch sound when the selected length of rubber band is small?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ربڑ بینڈ کی لمبائی چھوٹی ہونے پر ہائی پچ ساؤنڈ کیوں سنائی دیتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Rubber band vibrates slow&quot;, &quot;Rubber band stops vibrating&quot;, &quot;Pens vibrate fast&quot;, &quot;Rubber band vibrates fast&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Rubber band vibrates fast[/red] is correct because a reduced physical span has higher natural frequency and [blue]vibrates rapidly[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ ربڑ بینڈ تیزی سے وائبریٹ کرتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چھوٹی لمبائی [blue]زیادہ تیز رفتار وائبریشنز[/blue] پیدا کرتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What type of sound do we hear when the selected length of rubber band is large?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب ربڑ بینڈ کی منتخب لمبائی بڑی (large) ہو تو ہمیں کس قسم کی آواز سنائی دیتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Grave sound or low pitch sound&quot;, &quot;High pitch sound&quot;, &quot;Shrill sound&quot;, &quot;Fast sound&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Grave sound or low pitch sound[/red] is correct because longer vibrating segments oscillate slower, producing a [blue]grave low pitch sound[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]بھاری یا لو پچ آواز (Grave / low pitch)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ لمبائی زیادہ ہونے پر ربڑ آہستہ حرکت کرتا ہے اور [blue]بھاری آواز[/blue] پیدا ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why do we hear a grave sound when the selected length of rubber band is large?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ربڑ بینڈ کی لمبائی بڑی ہونے پر گریف ساؤنڈ (grave sound) کیوں سنائی دیتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Rubber band vibrates fast&quot;, &quot;Rubber band vibrates slow&quot;, &quot;Rubber band stops completely&quot;, &quot;Box vibrates fast&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Rubber band vibrates slow[/red] is correct because longer elastic bands have lower frequency and [blue]vibrate slowly[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ ربڑ بینڈ آہستہ وائبریٹ کرتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بڑی لمبائی کے ساتھ [blue]وائبریشن کی رفتار سست[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Loudness Of Sound&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is defined as the sensation produced by sound on our ears?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہمارے کانوں پر آواز کے ذریعے پیدا ہونے والا احساس (sensation) کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Pitch&quot;, &quot;Loudness of sound&quot;, &quot;Frequency&quot;, &quot;Speed&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Loudness of sound[/red] is correct because loudness is the physiological sensation of [blue]sound magnitude/amplitude on the human ear[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لاؤڈنس آف ساؤنڈ (Loudness of sound)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آواز سے ہمارے کانوں پر پیدا ہونے والے احساس کو [blue]لاؤڈنس[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Two sounds of the same pitch (same frequency) may have different what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک ہی پچ (ایک ہی فریکوئنسی) والی دو آوازوں کی کون سی خصوصیت مختلف ہو سکتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Loudness&quot;, &quot;Pitch&quot;, &quot;Frequency&quot;, &quot;Speed&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Loudness[/red] is correct because sounds with identical pitch can carry different energy levels, making their [blue]loudness different[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لاؤڈنس (Loudness)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایک جیسی پچ اور فریکوئنسی رکھنے والی آوازیں [blue]مختلف لاؤڈنس[/blue] رکھ سکتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What property of sound helps us to distinguish between a soft sound and a louder sound?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ساؤنڈ کی کون سی خصوصیت دھیمی آواز (soft sound) اور اونچی آواز (louder sound) میں فرق کرنے میں مدد دیتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Pitch&quot;, &quot;Wavelength&quot;, &quot;Loudness of sound&quot;, &quot;Time period&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Loudness of sound[/red] is correct because loudness is the auditory parameter that distinguishes [blue]soft sounds from loud sounds[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لاؤڈنس آف ساؤنڈ (Loudness of sound)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ لاؤڈنس ہی وہ خصوصیت ہے جو [blue]دھیمی اور اونچی آواز میں فرق[/blue] کرتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What amplitude does a louder sound have compared to a soft sound?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نرم/دھیمی آواز (soft sound) کے مقابلے میں اونچی آواز (louder sound) کا ایمپلیٹیوڈ کیسا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Small amplitude&quot;, &quot;Greater amplitude&quot;, &quot;Zero amplitude&quot;, &quot;Equal amplitude&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Greater amplitude[/red] is correct because louder sounds are generated by larger oscillations resulting in [blue]greater amplitude[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زیادہ ایمپلیٹیوڈ (Greater amplitude)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اونچی آواز میں وائبریشنز کا [blue]ایمپلیٹیوڈ زیادہ[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How is the loudness of sound related to the amplitude of the wave?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ساؤنڈ کی لاؤڈنس اور ویو کے ایمپلیٹیوڈ کے درمیان کیا تعلق ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Directly proportional&quot;, &quot;Inversely proportional&quot;, &quot;No relation&quot;, &quot;Equal to zero&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Directly proportional[/red] is correct because greater amplitude directly corresponds to [blue]higher loudness (Loudness ∝ Amplitude)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ڈائریکٹلی پروپورشنل (Directly proportional)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ لاؤڈنس اور ویو کے ایمپلیٹیوڈ کے مابین [blue]راست تعلق[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What type of sound do we hear when a wave has a larger amplitude due to high energy?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب کسی ویو کا ایمپلیٹیوڈ زیادہ انرجی کی وجہ سے بڑا ہوتا ہے تو ہمیں کس قسم کی آواز سنائی دیتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Soft sound&quot;, &quot;Grave sound&quot;, &quot;Silent sound&quot;, &quot;Louder sound&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Louder sound[/red] is correct because high energy imparts greater displacement to medium particles, producing a [blue]louder sound[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اونچی آواز (Louder sound)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زیادہ انرجی اور بڑے ایمپلیٹیوڈ سے [blue]اونچی آواز (louder sound)[/blue] سنائی دیتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If we beat a drum with greater force, what type of sound will it produce?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر ہم ڈرم کو زیادہ طاقت (greater force) کے ساتھ بجائیں تو یہ کس قسم کی آواز پیدا کرے گا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Soft sound&quot;, &quot;Low pitch sound&quot;, &quot;Louder sound&quot;, &quot;Shrill sound&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Louder sound[/red] is correct because applying greater force delivers more energy to the membrane, producing a [blue]louder sound[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اونچی آواز (Louder sound)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زیادہ طاقت لگانے سے ڈرم کا پردہ زیادہ ایمپلیٹیوڈ سے ہلتا ہے اور [blue]لاؤڈر ساؤنڈ[/blue] بنتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Do You Know?&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a hearing aid?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہیئرنگ ایڈ (hearing aid) کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Small electronic device&quot;, &quot;Mechanical speaker&quot;, &quot;Large drum&quot;, &quot;Sound wave&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Small electronic device[/red] is correct because a hearing aid is a compact [blue]electroacoustic medical device designed to amplify sound[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]چھوٹا الیکٹرانک ڈیوائس (Small electronic device)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہیئرنگ ایڈ آواز کو بڑھانے والا ایک [blue]چھوٹا الیکٹرانک آلہ[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Where do you wear a hearing aid?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہیئرنگ ایڈ کہاں پہنا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Around your neck&quot;, &quot;In or behind your ear&quot;, &quot;On your throat&quot;, &quot;On your arm&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]In or behind your ear[/red] is correct because hearing aids are ergonomically designed to be fitted [blue]in or behind the ear canal[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کان کے اندر یا پیچھے (In or behind your ear)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہیئرنگ ایڈ کو [blue]کان میں یا کان کے پیچھے[/blue] لگایا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does a hearing aid do to sounds for a person with hearing loss?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہیئرنگ ایڈ قوتِ سماعت سے محروم شخص کے لیے آوازوں کو کیا کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Makes sound softer&quot;, &quot;Makes some sounds louder&quot;, &quot;Blocks all sounds&quot;, &quot;Decreases frequency&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Makes some sounds louder[/red] is correct because it selectively amplifies acoustic signals to [blue]make sounds louder and clearer[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]بعض آوازوں کو اونچا کرتا ہے (Makes some sounds louder)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ یہ آواز کو ایمپلیفائی کر کے [blue]سننے میں مدد دیتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In which situations can a hearing aid device help people hear more?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہیئرنگ ایڈ کس قسم کے حالات میں لوگوں کو زیادہ سننے میں مدد فراہم کر سکتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Quiet situations only&quot;, &quot;Noisy situations only&quot;, &quot;Both quiet and noisy situations&quot;, &quot;In vacuum only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both quiet and noisy situations[/red] is correct because modern hearing aids filter and enhance sound in [blue]both quiet and noisy environments[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]خاموش اور پرشور دونوں حالات میں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہیئرنگ ایڈ [blue]خاموش اور شور والے دونوں ماحول[/blue] میں معاونت کرتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Surface Area Of Sound Source&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What type of sound is produced if the sound source has a larger surface to vibrate?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر ساؤنڈ سورس کی وائبریٹ کرنے والی سطح بڑی (larger surface) ہو تو یہ کس قسم کی آواز پیدا کرتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Soft sound&quot;, &quot;Shrill sound&quot;, &quot;Louder sound&quot;, &quot;Silent sound&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Louder sound[/red] is correct because a larger vibrating surface displaces a greater volume of surrounding air, producing a [blue]louder sound[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اونچی آواز (Louder sound)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بڑی سطح کے وائبریٹ ہونے سے ہوا کے زیادہ ذرات متحرک ہوتے ہیں اور [blue]لاؤڈر ساؤنڈ[/blue] بنتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If we strike a large drum and a small drum with the same amount of force, which drum will produce a louder sound?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر ہم ایک بڑے ڈرم اور ایک چھوٹے ڈرم کو یکساں طاقت سے بجائیں تو کون سا ڈرم لاؤڈر ساؤنڈ پیدا کرے گا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Small drum&quot;, &quot;Large drum&quot;, &quot;Neither drum&quot;, &quot;Both equally&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Large drum[/red] is correct because its larger surface area vibrates more air, generating [blue]greater acoustic loudness[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]بڑا ڈرم (Large drum)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بڑے ڈرم کا سرفیس ایریا بڑا ہونے کی وجہ سے وہ [blue]زیادہ اونچی آواز[/blue] پیدا کرتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are large and small drums called in local languages?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مقامی زبانوں (local languages) میں بڑے اور چھوٹے ڈرمز کو کیا کہا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Guitar and Violin&quot;, &quot;Dhol and Dholak&quot;, &quot;Flute and Trumpet&quot;, &quot;Speaker and Mic&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Dhol and Dholak[/red] is correct because large traditional drums are known as [blue]Dhol[/blue] and smaller ones as [blue]Dholak[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ڈھول اور ڈھولک (Dhol and Dholak)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ روایتی زبان میں بڑے ڈرم کو [blue]ڈھول[/blue] اور چھوٹے کو [blue]ڈھولک[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Distance From Sound Source&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What type of sound does a listener standing near a sound source hear compared to a person far off?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ساؤنڈ سورس کے قریب کھڑا شخص دور کھڑے شخص کے مقابلے میں کس قسم کی آواز سنتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Soft sound&quot;, &quot;Louder sound&quot;, &quot;Grave sound&quot;, &quot;Silent sound&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Louder sound[/red] is correct because acoustic energy intensity is highest near the source, resulting in a [blue]louder sound[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اونچی آواز (Louder sound)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سورس کے قریب انرجی زیادہ ہونے سے آواز [blue]زیادہ اونچی سنائی دیتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In a school morning assembly, what type of sound do students standing at the end of the line hear?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اسکول کی صبح کی اسمبلی میں لائن کے آخر میں کھڑے طلباء کس قسم کی آواز سنتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Louder sound&quot;, &quot;High pitch sound&quot;, &quot;Soft sound&quot;, &quot;Shrill sound&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Soft sound[/red] is correct because sound intensity decreases with distance, so students farther away hear a [blue]soft sound[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]دھیمی آواز (Soft sound)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فاصلہ زیادہ ہونے کی وجہ سے لائن کے آخر میں کھڑے طلباء کو [blue]دھیمی آواز سنائی دیتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Sensitivity Of Ear&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Loudness of sound also depends upon which of the following?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ساؤنڈ کی لاؤڈنس کا انحصار اور کس چیز پر ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Speed of light&quot;, &quot;Condition of ear&quot;, &quot;Color of source&quot;, &quot;Temperature of air&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Condition of ear[/red] is correct because personal perceived loudness is directly influenced by the [blue]physiological sensitivity and condition of the listener&#39;s ear[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کان کی حالت پر (Condition of ear)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ لاؤڈنس کے احساس کا دارومدار [blue]کان کی سننے کی حالت اور حساسیت[/blue] پر بھی ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Usually, who cannot listen to soft voices due to the condition of their ears?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;عام طور پر کانوں کی حالت کے باعث کون دھیمی آوازیں (soft voices) نہیں سن سکتا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Old people&quot;, &quot;Young children&quot;, &quot;Babies&quot;, &quot;Musicians&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Old people[/red] is correct because age-related hearing decline (presbycusis) impairs the ability of [blue]elderly people to hear soft sounds[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ضعیف یا بوڑھے لوگ (Old people)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ عمر بڑھنے سے کان کی حساسیت کم ہو جاتی ہے اور [blue]دھیمی آوازیں سننا مشکل ہو جاتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What requirement do mechanical waves have?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;میکینیکل ویوز کی کیا ضرورت ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Do not require medium&quot;, &quot;Requires a medium&quot;, &quot;Travel in vacuum only&quot;, &quot;Require light source&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Requires a medium[/red] is correct because mechanical wave energy cannot propagate [blue]without a physical medium[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]میڈیم کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے (Requires a medium)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ میکینیکل ویوز بغیر [blue]مادی میڈیم کے سفر نہیں کر سکتیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is an example of longitudinal mechanical waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے لونیٹیوڈنل میکینیکل ویو کی مثال کون سی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sound waves&quot;, &quot;Light&quot;, &quot;X-rays&quot;, &quot;Microwaves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Sound waves[/red] is correct because sound requires a medium and vibrates [blue]longitudinally parallel to propagation[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ساؤنڈ ویوز (Sound waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ساؤنڈ ویوز [blue]لونیٹیوڈنل میکینیکل ویوز کی مثال[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is an example of transverse mechanical waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے ٹرانسورس میکینیکل ویو کی مثال کون سی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sound waves&quot;, &quot;Water waves&quot;, &quot;X-rays&quot;, &quot;Radio waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Water waves[/red] is correct because water waves need a medium (water) and have [blue]perpendicular transverse crests and troughs[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]واٹر ویوز (Water waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پانی کی لہریں [blue]ٹرانسورس میکینیکل ویوز کی مثال[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a key characteristic of electromagnetic waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز کی اہم خصوصیت کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Requires a medium&quot;, &quot;Do not require a medium&quot;, &quot;Cannot pass vacuum&quot;, &quot;Zero speed&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Do not require a medium[/red] is correct because EM waves can [blue]travel freely across vacuum space without any medium[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]میڈیم کی ضرورت نہیں ہوتی[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز [blue]بغیر کسی مادی میڈیم کے خلا میں بھی سفر کرتی ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following are transverse electromagnetic waves?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کون سی ٹرانسورس الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Light and Microwaves&quot;, &quot;Infrared and X-rays&quot;, &quot;Ultraviolet and Radio waves&quot;, &quot;All of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All of the above[/red] is correct because the entire electromagnetic spectrum consists of [blue]transverse non-mechanical waves[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ تمام (All of the above)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ روشنی، مائکروویوز، انفراریڈ، ایکس رے اور ریڈیو ویوز سب [blue]ٹرانسورس الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Echo&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Where do we hear our own sound again and again when speaking?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;بولتے ہوئے ہمیں اپنی آواز بار بار کہاں سنائی دیتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Big empty hall&quot;, &quot;Hilly area&quot;, &quot;Empty well&quot;, &quot;All of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All of the above[/red] is correct because speaking in large empty halls, valleys, or wells causes acoustic [blue]echo reflections[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ تمام (All of the above)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بڑے خالی ہال، پہاڑی علاقوں اور کنویں میں آواز کی [blue]بار بار ریفلیکشن (ایکو)[/blue] سنائی دیتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the repetition of sound due to reflection of sound waves from a hard surface called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سخت سطح سے ساؤنڈ ویوز کی ریفلیکشن سے پیدا ہونے والے تکرار کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Pitch&quot;, &quot;Echo&quot;, &quot;Loudness&quot;, &quot;Amplitude&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Echo[/red] is correct because the reflected repetition of an original sound bouncing off a rigid barrier is defined as an [blue]echo[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایکو یعنی گونج (Echo)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سخت سطح سے آواز کے ٹکرا کر واپس آنے کی تکرار کو [blue]ایکو[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;To hear an echo, after how much time must the reflected sound reach our ear?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایکو (echo) سننے کے لیے ریفلیکٹڈ آواز کو کتنے وقت کے بعد ہمارے کان تک پہنچنا چاہیے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;After 0.1 second&quot;, &quot;After 1.0 second&quot;, &quot;After 10 seconds&quot;, &quot;After 5 seconds&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]After 0.1 second[/red] is correct because distinct perception of an echo requires the reflected wave to arrive [blue]at least 0.1 s after the original sound[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]0.1 سیکنڈ کے بعد (After 0.1 second)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایکو سننے کے لیے ریفلیکٹڈ آواز کو [blue]کم از کم 0.1 سیکنڈ کے بعد[/blue] کان تک پہنچنا چاہیے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How long does the feeling of the original sound remain in our brain?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اصل آواز کا احساس ہمارے دماغ میں کتنے وقت تک رہتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Till 1.0 second&quot;, &quot;Till 2.0 seconds&quot;, &quot;Till 0.01 second&quot;, &quot;Till 0.1 second&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Till 0.1 second[/red] is correct because the persistence of hearing in the human brain lasts for [blue]approximately 0.1 second[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]0.1 سیکنڈ تک (Till 0.1 second)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ انسانی دماغ میں کسی آواز کا اثر [blue]0.1 سیکنڈ تک برقرار رہتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If reflected sound waves reach our ears before 0.1 second, how does our brain perceive them?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر ریفلیکٹڈ ساؤنڈ 0.1 سیکنڈ سے پہلے پہنچ جائے تو ہمارا دماغ اسے کیسے محسوس کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;As two separate sounds&quot;, &quot;Taken as one sound&quot;, &quot;As high pitch sound&quot;, &quot;As noise pollution&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Taken as one sound[/red] is correct because persistence of hearing blends sounds arriving within 0.1 s so they are [blue]perceived as a single prolonged sound[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک ہی آواز کے طور پر (Taken as one sound)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 0.1 سیکنڈ سے پہلے دماغ دونوں آوازوں کو الگ نہیں کر پاتا اور [blue]ایک ہی سمجھتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What should be the minimum time gap between original sound and reflected sound to hear an echo?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایکو سننے کے لیے اصل آواز اور ریفلیکٹڈ آواز کے درمیان کم از کم کتنا وقت کا وقفہ ہونا چاہیے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;At least 1 second&quot;, &quot;At least 2 seconds&quot;, &quot;At least 0.1 second&quot;, &quot;At least 5 seconds&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]At least 0.1 second[/red] is correct because separating the two audio signals requires a [blue]minimum interval of 0.1 second[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کم از کم 0.1 سیکنڈ (At least 0.1 second)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گونج الگ سننے کے لیے [blue]0.1 سیکنڈ کا وقفہ لازمی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What should be the minimum distance between the speaker and the reflecting surface to hear an echo?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایکو کے لیے اس پیکر اور ریفلیکٹنگ سطح کے درمیان کم از کم کتنا فاصلہ ہونا چاہیے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;At least 5 meters&quot;, &quot;At least 10 meters&quot;, &quot;At least 17 meters&quot;, &quot;At least 50 meters&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]At least 17 meters[/red] is correct because at 340 m/s, sound travels 34 m round-trip in 0.1 s, requiring a [blue]one-way barrier distance of 17 meters[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کم از کم 17 میٹر (At least 17 meters)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 0.1 سیکنڈ کے وقفے کے لیے آواز کا یکطرفہ فاصلہ [blue]کم از کم 17 میٹر[/blue] ہونا چاہیے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Information&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the time in which sound persists in our brain (t)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہمارے دماغ میں ساؤنڈ کے برقرار رہنے کا وقت (t) کتنا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;t = 0.1s&quot;, &quot;t = 1.0s&quot;, &quot;t = 0.01s&quot;, &quot;t = 0.5s&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]t = 0.1s[/red] is correct because auditory persistence in humans is precisely [blue]t = 0.1 second[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]t = 0.1s[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ انسانی دماغ میں آواز کے اثر کا دورانیہ [blue]0.1 سیکنڈ[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the speed of sound at room temperature (v)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;روم ٹمپریچر پر ساؤنڈ کی رفتار (v) کتنی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;100 m/s&quot;, &quot;340 m/s&quot;, &quot;500 m/s&quot;, &quot;3000 m/s&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]340 m/s[/red] is correct because in air at standard room temperature, acoustic velocity is [blue]approximately 340 m/s[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]340 m/s[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ عام کمرے کے درجہ حرارت پر ہوا میں آواز کی رفتار [blue]340 میٹر فی سیکنڈ[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the formula used to calculate distance covered by sound?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ساؤنڈ کا طے کردہ فاصلہ معلوم کرنے کا فارمولا کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;S = v/t&quot;, &quot;S = v+t&quot;, &quot;S = v-t&quot;, &quot;S = vt&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]S = vt[/red] is correct because linear distance equals [blue]speed multiplied by time (S = vt)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]S = vt[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فاصلہ معلوم کرنے کے لیے [blue]رفتار کو وقت سے ضرب (S = vt)[/blue] دیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the total distance covered by sound from source to obstacle and back?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ساؤنڈ کا سورس سے رکاوٹ تک جانے اور واپس انے کا کل فاصلہ کتنا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;17 m&quot;, &quot;68 m&quot;, &quot;34 m&quot;, &quot;100 m&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]34 m[/red] is correct because S = vt = [blue]340 m/s × 0.1 s = 34 meters[/blue] round trip.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]34 میٹر (34 m)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جانے اور واپس آنے کا کل گول چکر فاصلہ [blue]340 × 0.1 = 34 میٹر[/blue] بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What should be the distance between sound source and obstacle for echo?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ساؤنڈ سورس اور رکاوٹ (obstacle) کے درمیان فاصلہ کتنا ہونا چاہیے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Half of 34 m i.e. 17 m&quot;, &quot;Double of 34 m i.e. 68 m&quot;, &quot;Exactly 34 m&quot;, &quot;Exactly 100 m&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Half of 34 m i.e. 17 m[/red] is correct because one-way distance to the reflecting surface is [blue]half of the round-trip distance (34/2 = 17 m)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]34 میٹر کا نصف یعنی 17 میٹر[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ رکاوٹ کا یکطرفہ فاصلہ کل فاصلے کا آدھا یعنی [blue]17 میٹر[/blue] بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Hearing Thunder After Lightening&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;During lightning in the sky, when are both light and sound produced?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;آسمان میں بجلی چمکنے کے دوران روشنی اور آواز کب پیدا ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;At different times&quot;, &quot;Sound comes first&quot;, &quot;At the same time&quot;, &quot;Light comes much later&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]At the same time[/red] is correct because the electrical atmospheric discharge creates [blue]flash and thunder simultaneously at source[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک ہی وقت میں (At the same time)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آسمانی بجلی چمکنے کے مقام پر [blue]روشنی اور گرج دونوں ایک ساتھ[/blue] پیدا ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why does light reach us earlier than the thundering sound during lightning?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;بجلی چمکنے پر گرج کی آواز سے پہلے روشنی ہم تک کیوں پہنچتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sound travels faster&quot;, &quot;Light is faster than sound&quot;, &quot;Sound gets absorbed&quot;, &quot;Light has no speed&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Light is faster than sound[/red] is correct because light travels at [blue]300,000 km/s while sound travels at only ~340 m/s[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]روشنی کی رفتار آواز سے تیز ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ روشنی کی رفتار آواز کے مقابلے میں [blue]لاکھ گنا تیز ہوتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the speed of light?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;روشنی کی رفتار (speed of light) کتنی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;332 meters per second&quot;, &quot;340 meters per second&quot;, &quot;1000 kilometers per second&quot;, &quot;300,000 kilometers per second&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]300,000 kilometers per second[/red] is correct because the speed of light in vacuum is [blue]300,000 km/s (3 × 10⁸ m/s)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]300,000 کلومیٹر فی سیکنڈ[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ روشنی کی رفتار خلا میں [blue]300,000 km/s[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the speed of sound at 0°C?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;0°C پر ساؤنڈ کی رفتار کتنی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;332 meters per second&quot;, &quot;300,000 kilometers per second&quot;, &quot;340 kilometers per second&quot;, &quot;Zero&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]332 meters per second[/red] is correct because in dry air at freezing temperature (0°C), sound travels at [blue]332 m/s[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]332 میٹر فی سیکنڈ (332 m/s)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 0°C پر ہوا میں آواز کی رفتار [blue]332 میٹر فی سیکنڈ[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Key Points&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a disturbance in a medium that causes particles of the medium to vibrate?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;میڈیم میں ایسا خلل جو اس کے ذرات کو وائبریٹ کرواتا ہے کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Matter&quot;, &quot;Wave&quot;, &quot;Vacuum&quot;, &quot;Force&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Wave[/red] is correct because a [blue]wave propagates as a disturbance[/blue] causing localized particle vibrations in the medium.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ویو (Wave)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ میڈیم میں وہ خلل جو ذرات کو وائبریٹ کروائے [blue]ویو (Wave)[/blue] کہلاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Waves transfer energy from one point to another point without transferring what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ویوز انرجی کو ایک جگہ سے دوسری جگہ منتقل کرتی ہیں لیکن کس چیز کو منتقل نہیں کرتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Matter&quot;, &quot;Energy&quot;, &quot;Waves&quot;, &quot;Speed&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Matter[/red] is correct because waves transport energy across points [blue]without carrying along the matter itself[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مادہ (Matter)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ویوز انرجی منتقل کرتی ہیں لیکن [blue]مادے کو ایک جگہ سے دوسری جگہ منتقل نہیں کرتیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Waves which can only travel through a medium are called what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ ویوز جو صرف میڈیم سے گزر سکتی ہیں کیا کہلاتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Light waves&quot;, &quot;Electromagnetic waves&quot;, &quot;Mechanical waves&quot;, &quot;Radio waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Mechanical waves[/red] is correct because waves dependent strictly on medium elasticity and density are [blue]mechanical waves[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]میکینیکل ویوز (Mechanical waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ وہ لہریں جو صرف میڈیم کے ذریعے سفر کر سکیں [blue]میکینیکل ویوز[/blue] کہلاتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Waves which can pass through vacuum as well as through medium are called what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ ویوز جو ویکیوم اور میڈیم دونوں سے گزر سکتی ہیں کیا کہلاتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mechanical waves&quot;, &quot;Sound waves&quot;, &quot;Water waves&quot;, &quot;Electromagnetic waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Electromagnetic waves[/red] is correct because non-mechanical self-propagating waves are [blue]electromagnetic waves[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز (Electromagnetic waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ وہ لہریں جو میڈیم اور خلا دونوں سے گزر سکیں [blue]الیکٹرومیگنیٹک ویوز[/blue] کہلاتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Waves in which particles of the medium vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave travel are called what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جن ویوز میں میڈیم کے ذرات ویو کی سمت کے پرپینڈیکولر وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں وہ کیا کہلاتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Longitudinal waves&quot;, &quot;Transverse waves&quot;, &quot;Compression waves&quot;, &quot;Sound waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Transverse waves[/red] is correct because transverse wave particles oscillate at [blue]right angles (perpendicular) to the path of propagation[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹرانسورس ویوز (Transverse waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جن میں ذرات ویو کی سمت کے [blue]عموداً وائبریٹ کریں[/blue] وہ ٹرانسورس ویوز کہلاتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Waves in which particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave travel are called what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جن ویوز میں میڈیم کے ذرات ویو کی سمت کے پیرالل وائبریٹ کرتے ہیں وہ کیا کہلاتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Longitudinal waves&quot;, &quot;Transverse waves&quot;, &quot;Light waves&quot;, &quot;Water waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Longitudinal waves[/red] is correct because longitudinal wave particle motion is [blue]parallel to the line of wave travel[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لونیٹیوڈنل ویوز (Longitudinal waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جن میں ذرات ویو کی سمت کے [blue]متوازی وائبریٹ کریں[/blue] وہ لونیٹیوڈنل ویوز کہلاتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is sound produced by?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;آواز کس کے ذریعے پیدا ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Vacuum&quot;, &quot;Stationary bodies&quot;, &quot;Vibrating bodies&quot;, &quot;Light rays&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Vibrating bodies[/red] is correct because acoustic disturbances originate from [blue]vibrating sources[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]وائبریٹنگ باڈیز (Vibrating bodies)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آواز ہمیشہ [blue]وائبریٹ کرتے ہوئے اجسام[/blue] سے پیدا ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What property tells us how shrill or grave the sound is?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;آواز کی کون سی خصوصیت یہ بتاتی ہے کہ آواز کتنی باریک یا بھاری ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Loudness&quot;, &quot;Pitch of sound&quot;, &quot;Amplitude&quot;, &quot;Speed&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Pitch of sound[/red] is correct because pitch distinguishes whether an audio frequency sounds [blue]shrill (high pitch) or grave (low pitch)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پچ آف ساؤنڈ (Pitch of sound)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آواز کے باریک یا بھاری ہونے کا پتہ [blue]پچ آف ساؤنڈ[/blue] سے چلتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is defined as the sensation produced by sound on ears?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کانوں پر آواز کے احساس (sensation) کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Pitch&quot;, &quot;Echo&quot;, &quot;Frequency&quot;, &quot;Loudness of sound&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Loudness of sound[/red] is correct because the physiological auditory perception of sound amplitude is [blue]loudness[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لاؤڈنس آف ساؤنڈ (Loudness of sound)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کانوں پر آواز کے بننے والے احساس کو [blue]لاؤڈنس[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the repetition of sound due to reflection of sound waves from a hard surface back to speaker called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سخت سطح سے آواز کی ریفلیکشن کی وجہ سے واپس انے والی تکرار کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Echo&quot;, &quot;Pitch&quot;, &quot;Loudness&quot;, &quot;Frequency&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Echo[/red] is correct because the hearing of reflected sound waves rebounding from obstacles is called an [blue]echo[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایکو (Echo)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سخت سطح سے آواز ٹکرا کر واپس آنے کے عمل کو [blue]ایکو (گونج)[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Exercise&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Hertz (Hz) is the unit of what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہرٹز (Hz) کس کا یونٹ ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mass&quot;, &quot;Energy&quot;, &quot;Loudness&quot;, &quot;Frequency&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Frequency[/red] is correct because cycles per second is standardly quantified in [blue]hertz (Hz)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]فریکوئنسی (Frequency)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فریکوئنسی کو ناپنے کی معیاری اکائی [blue]ہرٹز (Hz)[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;To hear an echo, what should be the minimum distance between sound source and obstacle?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایکو (echo) سننے کے لیے ساؤنڈ سورس اور رکاوٹ کے درمیان کم از کم فاصلہ کتنا ہونا چاہیے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;71 m&quot;, &quot;17 m&quot;, &quot;17 cm&quot;, &quot;0.17 m&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]17 m[/red] is correct because a 0.1 s persistence delay in room-temperature air requires an [blue]obstacle distance of at least 17 meters[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]17 میٹر (17 m)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایکو سننے کے لیے رکاوٹ کا فاصلہ [blue]کم از کم 17 میٹر[/blue] ہونا ضروری ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is a longitudinal wave?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کون سی لونیٹیوڈنل ویو (longitudinal wave) ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;X-rays&quot;, &quot;Waves on stretched rope&quot;, &quot;P-seismic waves&quot;, &quot;S-seismic waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]P-seismic waves[/red] is correct because primary (P) earthquake waves are [blue]compressional longitudinal waves[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پی ساسمک ویوز (P-seismic waves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زلزلے کی پرائمری ویوز [blue]لونیٹیوڈنل ویوز[/blue] ہوتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following has the highest pitch of sound?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کس آواز کی پچ (pitch of sound) سب سے زیادہ ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Lion roar&quot;, &quot;Whistling sound&quot;, &quot;Train horn&quot;, &quot;Traffic noise&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Whistling sound[/red] is correct because whistles generate the highest vibrational frequency, resulting in the [blue]highest pitch[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سیٹی کی آواز (Whistling sound)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سیٹی کی فریکوئنسی زیادہ ہونے کی وجہ سے اس کی [blue]پچ سب سے زیادہ[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If a wave has three crests and three troughs, what is its frequency?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر ایک ویو کے تین کرسٹس اور تین ٹرفس ہوں تو اس کی فریکوئنسی کتنی ہوگی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;3 Hz&quot;, &quot;1 Hz&quot;, &quot;5 Hz&quot;, &quot;6 Hz&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]3 Hz[/red] is correct because three full crest-trough pairs per second represent [blue]3 complete cycles = 3 Hz[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]3 Hz[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 3 کرسٹس اور 3 ٹرفس مل کر [blue]3 مکمل سائیکلز یعنی 3 Hz فریکوئنسی[/blue] بناتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Sound waves CANNOT pass through which of the following?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ساؤنڈ ویوز درج ذیل میں سے کس سے نہیں گزر سکتیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solids&quot;, &quot;Liquids&quot;, &quot;Gases&quot;, &quot;Vacuum&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Vacuum[/red] is correct because mechanical sound waves need physical particles to vibrate and [blue]cannot propagate through a vacuum[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ویکیوم یعنی خلا (Vacuum)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آواز ایک میکینیکل ویو ہے اور [blue]ویکیوم سے نہیں گزر سکتی[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following animals has the lowest pitch of sound?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کس جانور کی آواز کی پچ سب سے کم (lowest) ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sparrow&quot;, &quot;Dog&quot;, &quot;Cat&quot;, &quot;Mosquito&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Dog[/red] is correct because among the listed animals, a dog&#39;s bark has the lowest acoustic frequency, making it the [blue]lowest pitch[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کتا (Dog)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دیے گئے جانوروں میں کتے کی آواز کی فریکوئنسی سب سے کم اور [blue]پچ سب سے لو[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If frequency of sound is doubled but amplitude of this sound wave is kept constant, then what happens?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر ساؤنڈ کی فریکوئنسی کو دوگنا کر دیا جائے لیکن ایمپلیٹیوڈ وہی رہے تو کیا ہو گا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Loudness and pitch both increase&quot;, &quot;Loudness and pitch both decrease&quot;, &quot;Loudness increases and pitch remains same&quot;, &quot;Loudness remains same and pitch increases&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Loudness remains same and pitch increases[/red] is correct because frequency dictates pitch while amplitude dictates loudness, so [blue]pitch increases and loudness is unchanged[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لاؤڈنس وہی رہے گی اور پچ بڑھ جائے گی[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایمپلیٹیوڈ مستقل رہنے سے لاؤڈنس نہیں بدلے گی جبکہ [blue]فریکوئنسی بڑھنے سے پچ بڑھ جائے گی[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is a longitudinal wave?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کون سی لونیٹیوڈنل ویو (longitudinal wave) ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sound wave&quot;, &quot;Water waves on surface of ocean&quot;, &quot;Light&quot;, &quot;String wave&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Sound wave[/red] is correct because sound propagates as compressions and rarefactions [blue]parallel to wave travel (longitudinal)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ساؤنڈ ویو (Sound wave)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آواز ہوا میں [blue]لونیٹیوڈنل ویو کی صورت میں سفر کرتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the product of frequency and time period of a wave?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی ویو کی فریکوئنسی اور ٹائم پیریڈ کا حاصل ضرب کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;1&quot;, &quot;1/T&quot;, &quot;1/f&quot;, &quot;0&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]1[/red] is correct because f = 1/T, hence [blue]f × T = 1[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]1[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فریکوئنسی اور ٹائم پیریڈ ایک دوسرے کا الٹ ہیں اس لیے [blue]f × T = 1[/blue] بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  }
                    ];

       
        // Configuration 
        const config = {
            headerImageUrl: &quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS9Gljp1K0qPJloPRina6n-0TPHhcviGqpJyBOB9xzQe3hhKd10SJCZ6Ibvchs-DYzyYuE1oI0qX6aHvYIM42b8i1HUqtpPhkXDwfKqyTYTKRqYjrcbd5k2BR3sZ8F5g0QTEp3IOupM8m4TpxQo4AQ-NBLG0YhnuOd6FWWBQHvXceVUiMAQbtGPAuS9g/s1600/7th%20Class%20General%20Science%20Unit%209%20image.jpg&quot;,
            questionsPerPage: 10,
            
            // YAHAN AAP KA SPECIFIC BACKGROUND LINK LAGA DIYA HAI
            pdfBackgroundUrl: &quot;https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D22AQEeipTaShU2pg/feedshare-shrink_800/B4DZr3lbg8J4Ag-/0/1765090376076?e=1766620800&amp;v=beta&amp;t=jhdnVgeSHW5QsvbAbK719ygBmv_7sP76YE5CybbpcgY&quot;,
            
            shareImage: {
                width: 1200,
                height: 630,
                backgroundGradient: [&#39;#1e3c72&#39;, &#39;#2a5298&#39;],
                textColor: &#39;#ffffff&#39;,
                optionTextColor: &#39;#333333&#39;,
                correctAnswerColor: &#39;#28a745&#39;,
                borderRadius: 20,
                padding: 40,
                questionFontSize: 36,
                urduFontSize: 32,
                optionFontSize: 28,
                noticeFontSize: 24,
                correctAnswerFontSize: 28,
                overlayOpacity: 0.7
            }
        };

       

        let answersShown = false;
        let selectedOptions = {};
        let currentPage = 1;
        let speechSynthesis = window.speechSynthesis;
        let contentExpanded = false;
        let contentInUrdu = false;
        
        function getCurrentPageFromURL() {
            const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
            const page = parseInt(urlParams.get(&#39;page&#39;));
            return isNaN(page) || page &lt; 1 ? 1 : Math.min(page, Math.ceil(questions.length / config.questionsPerPage));
        }

        function updateURL(page) {
            const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
            urlParams.set(&#39;page&#39;, page);
            const newUrl = window.location.pathname + &#39;?&#39; + urlParams.toString();
            window.history.pushState({ path: newUrl }, &#39;&#39;, newUrl);
        }

        function parseHighlightedText(text) {
            text = text.replace(/\[red\](.*?)\[\/red\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-red&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            text = text.replace(/\[blue\](.*?)\[\/blue\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-blue&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            text = text.replace(/\[green\](.*?)\[\/green\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-green&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            text = text.replace(/\[yellow\](.*?)\[\/yellow\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-yellow&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            text = text.replace(/\[purple\](.*?)\[\/purple\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-purple&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            return text;
        }

        // =========================================================
        // ============ TOC / SCROLL LOGIC START ===================
        // =========================================================
        function generateTOC() {
            const tocContainer = document.getElementById(&#39;toc-container&#39;);
            const tocList = document.getElementById(&#39;toc-list&#39;);
            tocList.innerHTML = &#39;&#39;;
            let hasTopics = false;
            let topicCount = 0; // Added for counting headings

            questions.forEach((q, index) =&gt; {
                if (q.topicHeading) {
                    hasTopics = true;
                    topicCount++;
                    const li = document.createElement(&#39;li&#39;);
                    li.className = &#39;toc-item&#39;;
                    li.textContent = q.topicHeading;
                    li.onclick = () =&gt; scrollToTopic(index);
                    
                    // Hide headings after the 6th one
                    if (topicCount &gt; 6) {
                        li.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                        li.classList.add(&#39;hidden-toc-item&#39;);
                    }
                    
                    tocList.appendChild(li);
                }
            });

            // Remove existing button if any
            const existingBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;toc-see-more-btn-container&#39;);
            if (existingBtn) existingBtn.remove();

            // Add &#39;See More&#39; button if there are more than 6 topics
            if (topicCount &gt; 6) {
                const btnContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                btnContainer.id = &#39;toc-see-more-btn-container&#39;;
                btnContainer.style.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                btnContainer.style.marginTop = &#39;20px&#39;;
                btnContainer.style.gridColumn = &#39;1 / -1&#39;; // To span full width if in grid

                const seeMoreBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                seeMoreBtn.className = &#39;btn btn-primary&#39;;
                seeMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;See More Headings&#39;;
                seeMoreBtn.onclick = function() {
                    const hiddenItems = tocList.querySelectorAll(&#39;.hidden-toc-item&#39;);
                    hiddenItems.forEach(item =&gt; {
                        item.style.display = &#39;flex&#39;; // Restoring original flex display
                    });
                    btnContainer.style.display = &#39;none&#39;; // Hide button after clicking
                };

                btnContainer.appendChild(seeMoreBtn);
                tocContainer.appendChild(btnContainer);
            }

            if (hasTopics) {
                tocContainer.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
            }
        }

        function scrollToTopic(questionIndex) {
            const targetPage = Math.floor(questionIndex / config.questionsPerPage) + 1;
            
            if (targetPage === currentPage) {
                executeScrollHighlight(questionIndex);
            } else {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + `?page=${targetPage}&amp;scrollTo=${questionIndex}`;
            }
        }

        function executeScrollHighlight(index) {
            const element = document.getElementById(`q-card-${index}`);
            const headingElement = document.getElementById(`heading-for-${index}`);
            
            const targetElement = headingElement || element;
            
            if (targetElement) {
                targetElement.scrollIntoView({ behavior: &#39;smooth&#39;, block: &#39;center&#39; });
                if(element) {
                    element.classList.add(&#39;highlight-scroll&#39;);
                    setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                        element.classList.remove(&#39;highlight-scroll&#39;);
                    }, 2500); 
                }
            }
        }

        function checkScrollOnLoad() {
            const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
            const scrollToIdx = urlParams.get(&#39;scrollTo&#39;);
            
            if (scrollToIdx !== null) {
                setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                    executeScrollHighlight(parseInt(scrollToIdx));
                    const newUrl = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + currentPage;
                    window.history.replaceState({}, &#39;&#39;, newUrl);
                }, 800);
            }
        }
        // =========================================================
        // ============ TOC / SCROLL LOGIC END =====================
        // =========================================================


        function loadQuestions(page = 1) {
            currentPage = page;
            updateURL(page);
            const quizContainer = document.getElementById(&#39;quiz-container&#39;);
            quizContainer.innerHTML = &#39;&#39;;
            
            const startIndex = (page - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const q = questions[i];

                // TOC: Add Topic Heading if exists
                if (q.topicHeading) {
                    const headingDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    headingDiv.className = &#39;in-quiz-topic-heading&#39;;
                    headingDiv.id = `heading-for-${i}`; 
                    headingDiv.textContent = q.topicHeading;
                    quizContainer.appendChild(headingDiv);
                }

                const questionElement = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                questionElement.className = &#39;question-card&#39;;
                questionElement.id = `q-card-${i}`; // TOC: Add ID for scrolling

                // CHECK FOR IMPORTANT QUESTION
                if (q.isImportant) {
                    questionElement.classList.add(&#39;important-question&#39;);
                    // Add Badge with Star Icon
                    const badge = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    badge.className = &#39;important-badge&#39;;
                    
                    // Star Icon URL (CDN)
                    const starIconURL = &quot;https://cdn-icons-png.flaticon.com/512/1828/1828884.png&quot;;
                    
                    // Using Image tag instead of &lt;i&gt; tag
                    badge.innerHTML = `&lt;img src=&quot;${starIconURL}&quot; style=&quot;width: 14px; height: 14px; margin-right: 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt; Important`;
                    
                    questionElement.appendChild(badge);
                }
                
                const questionTextContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                questionTextContainer.onclick = function() {
                    if (q.questionLink) {
                        window.location.href = q.questionLink;
                    }
                };
                
                const questionNumber = i + 1;

                questionTextContainer.innerHTML = `
                  &lt;span class=&quot;question-text&quot;&gt;${questionNumber}. ${q.question}&lt;/span&gt;
                  &lt;span class=&quot;urdu-text&quot;&gt;${q.urdu}&lt;/span&gt;
                `;
                questionElement.appendChild(questionTextContainer);

                if (q.ttsEnabled) {
                    const ttsButton = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                    ttsButton.className = &#39;tts-btn&#39;;
                    ttsButton.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.sound}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Listen Question&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    ttsButton.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                        e.stopPropagation();
                        speakQuestion(q);
                    };
                    questionElement.appendChild(ttsButton);
                }

                const optionsDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                optionsDiv.className = &#39;options&#39;;
                optionsDiv.id = `options-${i}`;
                q.options.forEach((option, j) =&gt; {
                    const optionDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    optionDiv.className = &#39;option&#39;;
                    optionDiv.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                        e.stopPropagation();
                        selectOption(optionDiv, String.fromCharCode(65 + j), i);
                    };
                    optionDiv.innerHTML = `&lt;span class=&quot;option-letter&quot;&gt;${String.fromCharCode(65 + j)}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;option-text&quot;&gt;${option}&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    optionsDiv.appendChild(optionDiv);
                });
                questionElement.appendChild(optionsDiv);

                if (q.showSocialShare) {
                    const shareButtons = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    shareButtons.className = &#39;share-buttons&#39;;
                    
                    const whatsappBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                    whatsappBtn.className = &#39;share-btn whatsapp-btn&#39;;
                    whatsappBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.whatsapp}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Share via WhatsApp&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    whatsappBtn.onclick = () =&gt; shareQuestionWithImage(i, &#39;whatsapp&#39;);
                    shareButtons.appendChild(whatsappBtn);
                    
                    const copyLinkBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                    copyLinkBtn.className = &#39;share-btn copy-link-btn&#39;;
                    copyLinkBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.link}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Copy Link&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    copyLinkBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                        const link = q.questionLink || window.location.href;
                        navigator.clipboard.writeText(link).then(() =&gt; {
                            copyLinkBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.link}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Copied!&lt;/span&gt;`;
                            copyLinkBtn.classList.add(&#39;copied&#39;);
                            setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                                copyLinkBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.link}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Copy Link&lt;/span&gt;`;
                                copyLinkBtn.classList.remove(&#39;copied&#39;);
                            }, 2000);
                        });
                    };
                    shareButtons.appendChild(copyLinkBtn);
                    
                    questionElement.appendChild(shareButtons);
                }

                const explanationBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                explanationBtn.className = &#39;explanation-btn&#39;;
                explanationBtn.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                    e.stopPropagation();
                    toggleExplanation(i);
                };
                explanationBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&lt;span&gt;اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں&lt;/span&gt;&#39;;
                
                // START: *** NEW LAYOUT LOGIC ***
                // Create a container for the action buttons
                const actionsContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                actionsContainer.className = &#39;question-actions&#39;;

                // Add the explanation button to the container
                actionsContainer.appendChild(explanationBtn);

                // Add the MODERN comment icon to the container
                if (q.questionLink) {
                    const commentLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    commentLink.href = q.questionLink;
                    commentLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    commentLink.className = &#39;modern-comment-link&#39;;
                    const commentSVG = `&lt;svg viewBox=&quot;0 0 24 24&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M21.99 4c0-1.1-.89-2-1.99-2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14l4 4-.01-18zM18 14H6v-2h12v2zm0-3H6V9h12v2zm0-3H6V6h12v2z&quot;/&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;`;
                    commentLink.innerHTML = `&lt;span class=&quot;comment-count&quot;&gt;(Comments)&lt;/span&gt; ${commentSVG}`;
                    actionsContainer.appendChild(commentLink);
                }

                // Add the actions container to the main question element
                questionElement.appendChild(actionsContainer);
                // END: *** NEW LAYOUT LOGIC ***


                const explanationDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationDiv.className = &#39;explanation&#39;;
                explanationDiv.id = `explanation-${i}`;
                
                const translateBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                translateBtn.className = &#39;translate-btn&#39;;
                translateBtn.innerHTML = &#39;Translate in Urdu&#39;;
                translateBtn.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                    e.stopPropagation();
                    toggleExplanationTranslation(i);
                };
                explanationDiv.appendChild(translateBtn);
                
                const explanationText = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationText.innerHTML = parseHighlightedText(q.explanation.replace(/\n/g, &#39;&lt;br&gt;&#39;));
                explanationDiv.appendChild(explanationText);
                
                const explanationUrduDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationUrduDiv.className = &#39;explanation-urdu&#39;;
                explanationUrduDiv.innerHTML = parseHighlightedText(q.explanationUrdu.replace(/\n/g, &#39;&lt;br&gt;&#39;));
                explanationDiv.appendChild(explanationUrduDiv);
                
                if (q.explanationImage) {
                    const imgContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    imgContainer.style.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                    const imgLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    imgLink.href = q.explanationImageLink || &#39;#&#39;;
                    imgLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    const img = document.createElement(&#39;img&#39;);
                    img.src = q.explanationImage;
                    img.alt = q.explanationImageAlt || &#39;Explanation Image&#39;;
                    img.className = &#39;explanation-image&#39;;
                    imgLink.appendChild(img);
                    imgContainer.appendChild(imgLink);
                    if (q.explanationImageCaption) {
                        const caption = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        caption.className = &#39;question-image-caption&#39;;
                        caption.textContent = q.explanationImageCaption;
                        imgContainer.appendChild(caption);
                    }
                    explanationDiv.appendChild(imgContainer);
                }
                
                questionElement.appendChild(explanationDiv);

                quizContainer.appendChild(questionElement);

                // Har 3 sawalat ke baad ad daalne ka logic
                if ((i + 1) % 3 === 0 &amp;&amp; i &lt; endIndex - 1) {
                    const adContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    adContainer.className = &#39;ad-container&#39;;
                    adContainer.innerHTML = `&lt;p&gt;Advertisement Space&lt;/p&gt;`;
                    quizContainer.appendChild(adContainer);
                }


                if (q.ProTips) {
                    const tipsElement = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    tipsElement.className = &#39;tips-section&#39;;
                    tipsElement.innerHTML = q.ProTips;
                    quizContainer.appendChild(tipsElement);
                }

                if (q.imageAfter) {
                    const imageContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    imageContainer.className = &#39;question-image&#39;;
                    const imageLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    imageLink.href = q.imageAfter.link;
                    imageLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    const image = document.createElement(&#39;img&#39;);
                    image.src = q.imageAfter.url;
                    image.alt = q.imageAfter.alt || &#39;Question related image&#39;;
                    imageLink.appendChild(image);
                    imageContainer.appendChild(imageLink);
                    if (q.imageAfter.caption) {
                        const caption = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        caption.className = &#39;question-image-caption&#39;;
                        caption.textContent = q.imageAfter.caption;
                        imageContainer.appendChild(caption);
                    }
                    quizContainer.appendChild(imageContainer);
                }


                if (i &lt; endIndex - 1) {
                    const isAdNext = ((i + 1) % 3 === 0 &amp;&amp; i &lt; questions.length - 1);
                    if (!isAdNext) {
                        const divider = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        divider.className = &#39;divider&#39;;
                        quizContainer.appendChild(divider);
                    }
                }
            }

            if (answersShown) {
                showAllAnswers();
            } else {
                hideAllAnswers();
            }
            
            updatePagination();
            // YEH LINE ADD KI GAYI HAI: Sawalat load hone ke baad ads ko load karein
            applyAds();
        }

        function toggleExplanationTranslation(questionIndex) {
            const explanationDiv = document.getElementById(`explanation-${questionIndex}`);
            const englishExplanation = explanationDiv.querySelector(&#39;div:not(.explanation-urdu)&#39;);
            const urduExplanation = explanationDiv.querySelector(&#39;.explanation-urdu&#39;);
            
            if (englishExplanation.style.display !== &#39;none&#39;) {
                englishExplanation.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                urduExplanation.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
            } else {
                englishExplanation.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                urduExplanation.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
            }
        }

        function speakQuestion(question) {
            if (speechSynthesis.speaking) {
                speechSynthesis.cancel();
            }
            
            const questionUtterance = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(`Question: ${question.question.replace(&#39;?&#39;, &#39;.&#39;)}`);
            questionUtterance.lang = &#39;en-US&#39;;
            questionUtterance.rate = 0.7;
            questionUtterance.pitch = 0.8;
            
            let optionsText = &#39;Options: &#39;;
            question.options.forEach((option, index) =&gt; {
                optionsText += `${String.fromCharCode(65 + index)}... ${option}. `;
            });
            const optionsUtterance = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(optionsText);
            optionsUtterance.lang = &#39;en-US&#39;;
            optionsUtterance.rate = 0.7;
            optionsUtterance.pitch = 0.8;
            
            speechSynthesis.speak(questionUtterance);
            questionUtterance.onend = function() {
                speechSynthesis.speak(optionsUtterance);
            };
        }

        function updatePagination() {
            const pagination = document.getElementById(&#39;pagination&#39;);
            pagination.innerHTML = &#39;&#39;;
            
            const totalPages = Math.ceil(questions.length / config.questionsPerPage);
            
            if (totalPages &lt;= 1) return;
            
            const firstBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            firstBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            firstBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;laquo; First&#39;;
            firstBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=1&#39;;
            };
            if (currentPage === 1) firstBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(firstBtn);
            
            const prevBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            prevBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            prevBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;lsaquo;&#39;;
            prevBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + (currentPage - 1);
            };
            if (currentPage === 1) prevBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(prevBtn);
            
            if (currentPage &gt; 2) {
                const firstPageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                firstPageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                firstPageBtn.textContent = &#39;1&#39;;
                if (1 === currentPage) firstPageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                firstPageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=1&#39;;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(firstPageBtn);
                
                if (currentPage &gt; 3) {
                    const ellipsis1 = document.createElement(&#39;span&#39;);
                    ellipsis1.className = &#39;page-ellipsis&#39;;
                    ellipsis1.textContent = &#39;...&#39;;
                    pagination.appendChild(ellipsis1);
                }
            }
            
            const startPage = Math.max(2, currentPage - 1);
            const endPage = Math.min(totalPages - 1, currentPage + 1);
            
            for (let i = startPage; i &lt;= endPage; i++) {
                const pageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                pageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                pageBtn.textContent = i;
                if (i === currentPage) pageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                pageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + i;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(pageBtn);
            }
            
            if (currentPage &lt; totalPages - 1) {
                if (currentPage &lt; totalPages - 2) {
                    const ellipsis2 = document.createElement(&#39;span&#39;);
                    ellipsis2.className = &#39;page-ellipsis&#39;;
                    ellipsis2.textContent = &#39;...&#39;;
                    pagination.appendChild(ellipsis2);
                }
                
                const lastPageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                lastPageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                lastPageBtn.textContent = totalPages;
                if (totalPages === currentPage) lastPageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                lastPageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + totalPages;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(lastPageBtn);
            }
            
            const nextBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            nextBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            nextBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;rsaquo;&#39;;
            nextBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + (currentPage + 1);
            };
            if (currentPage === totalPages) nextBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(nextBtn);
            
            const lastBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            lastBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            lastBtn.innerHTML = &#39;Last &amp;raquo;&#39;;
            lastBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + totalPages;
            };
            if (currentPage === totalPages) lastBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(lastBtn);
            
            const searchDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
            searchDiv.className = &#39;page-search&#39;;
            searchDiv.innerHTML = `
                &lt;input type=&quot;number&quot; id=&quot;pageInput&quot; min=&quot;1&quot; max=&quot;${totalPages}&quot; placeholder=&quot;Enter Page Number&quot;&gt;
                &lt;button onclick=&quot;goToPageWithReload()&quot;&gt;Go&lt;/button&gt;
            `;
            pagination.appendChild(searchDiv);
        }
        
        function goToPageWithReload() {
            const pageInput = document.getElementById(&#39;pageInput&#39;);
            const pageNum = parseInt(pageInput.value);
            const totalPages = Math.ceil(questions.length / config.questionsPerPage);
            
            if (pageNum &gt;= 1 &amp;&amp; pageNum &lt;= totalPages) {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + pageNum;
            } else {
                alert(`Please enter a page number between 1 and ${totalPages}`);
            }
        }

        function selectOption(optionElement, selectedAnswer, questionIndex) {
            const question = questions[questionIndex];
            const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${questionIndex} .option`);
            options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;none&#39;;
            });
            selectedOptions[questionIndex] = selectedAnswer;
            const correctOptionIndex = question.correctAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
            options[correctOptionIndex].classList.add(&#39;correct&#39;);
            if (selectedAnswer !== question.correctAnswer) {
                const selectedIndex = selectedAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                options[selectedIndex].classList.add(&#39;incorrect&#39;);
            }
        }

        function toggleExplanation(questionIndex) {
            const explanationElement = document.getElementById(`explanation-${questionIndex}`);
            explanationElement.style.display = explanationElement.style.display === &#39;block&#39; ? &#39;none&#39; : &#39;block&#39;;
        }

        function toggleFAQ(faqQuestion) {
            faqQuestion.classList.toggle(&#39;active&#39;);
            const answer = faqQuestion.nextElementSibling;
            answer.style.display = answer.style.display === &#39;block&#39; ? &#39;none&#39; : &#39;block&#39;;
            
            const toggleIcon = faqQuestion.querySelector(&#39;.faq-toggle&#39;);
            toggleIcon.classList.toggle(&#39;rotated&#39;);
        }

        function toggleAllAnswers() {
            answersShown = !answersShown;
            const btn = document.getElementById(&#39;toggleAnswersBtn&#39;);
            if (answersShown) {
                btn.textContent = &#39;Hide All Answers&#39;;
                showAllAnswers();
            } else {
                btn.textContent = &#39;Show All Answers&#39;;
                hideAllAnswers();
            }
        }

        function showAllAnswers() {
            const startIndex = (currentPage - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const q = questions[i];
                const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${i} .option`);
                if (options.length &gt; 0) {
                    const correctOptionIndex = q.correctAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                    options[correctOptionIndex].classList.add(&#39;correct&#39;);
                    if (selectedOptions.hasOwnProperty(i) &amp;&amp; selectedOptions[i] !== q.correctAnswer) {
                        const selectedIndex = selectedOptions[i].charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                        options[selectedIndex].classList.add(&#39;incorrect&#39;);
                    }
                    options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                        opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;none&#39;;
                    });
                }
            }
        }

        function hideAllAnswers() {
            const startIndex = (currentPage - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${i} .option`);
                options.forEach(option =&gt; {
                    option.classList.remove(&#39;correct&#39;, &#39;incorrect&#39;);
                });
                options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                    opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;auto&#39;;
                });
            }
            selectedOptions = {};
        }

        function resetQuiz() {
            selectedOptions = {};
            answersShown = false;
            document.getElementById(&#39;toggleAnswersBtn&#39;).textContent = &#39;Show All Answers&#39;;
            loadQuestions(currentPage);
        }

        function changeHeaderImage(imageUrl) {
            document.getElementById(&#39;headerImage&#39;).src = imageUrl;
        }
        
        function toggleContentExpansion() {
            const contentPreview = document.getElementById(&#39;contentPreview&#39;);
            const readMoreBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;readMoreBtn&#39;);
            contentExpanded = !contentExpanded;
            
            if (contentExpanded) {
                contentPreview.classList.add(&#39;expanded&#39;);
                readMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;Read Less&#39;;
            } else {
                contentPreview.classList.remove(&#39;expanded&#39;);
                readMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;Read More&#39;;
            }
        }

        function toggleContentLanguage() {
            const englishContent = document.querySelector(&#39;.english-content&#39;);
            const urduContent = document.querySelector(&#39;.urdu-content&#39;);
            const translateBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;contentTranslateBtn&#39;);
            contentInUrdu = !contentInUrdu;
            
            if (contentInUrdu) {
                englishContent.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                urduContent.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                translateBtn.textContent = &#39;Translate to English&#39;;
            } else {
                englishContent.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                urduContent.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                translateBtn.textContent = &#39;Translate to Urdu&#39;;
            }
        }

        async function createShareImage(questionIndex) {
            return new Promise((resolve) =&gt; {
                const q = questions[questionIndex];
                const canvas = document.getElementById(&#39;shareCanvas&#39;);
                const ctx = canvas.getContext(&#39;2d&#39;);
                
                ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                
                if (q.backgroundImage) {
                    const img = new Image();
                    img.crossOrigin = &quot;Anonymous&quot;;
                    img.onload = function() {
                        ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                        ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)&#39;;
                        ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                        drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                        convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                    };
                    img.onerror = function() {
                        console.log(&quot;Background image failed to load, using gradient fallback&quot;);
                        drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas);
                        drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                        convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                    };
                    img.src = q.backgroundImage + (q.backgroundImage.includes(&#39;?&#39;) ? &#39;&amp;&#39; : &#39;?&#39;) + &#39;t=&#39; + Date.now();
                } else {
                    drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas);
                    drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                    convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                }
            });
        }

        function drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas) {
            const gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
            gradient.addColorStop(0, &#39;#1e3c72&#39;);
            gradient.addColorStop(1, &#39;#2a5298&#39;);
            ctx.fillStyle = gradient;
            ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05)&#39;;
            for (let i = 0; i &lt; 5; i++) {
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(Math.random() * canvas.width, Math.random() * canvas.height, Math.random() * 300 + 100, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.fill();
            }
        }

        function drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex) {
            const questionNumber = questionIndex + 1;
            const questionText = `${questionNumber}. ${q.question}`;
            const urduText = `${q.urdu.replace(&#39;؟&#39;, &#39;&#39;).replace(&#39;?&#39;, &#39;&#39;)}`;
            
            ctx.save();
            ctx.beginPath();
            ctx.roundRect(40, 40, canvas.width - 80, canvas.height - 80, 20);
            ctx.clip();
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)&#39;;
            ctx.fillRect(40, 40, canvas.width - 80, canvas.height - 80);
            ctx.strokeStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3)&#39;;
            ctx.lineWidth = 2;
            ctx.stroke();
            ctx.restore();
            
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            ctx.font = &#39;bold 36px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            const questionLines = wrapText(ctx, questionText, canvas.width - 160, 36);
            let yPos = 80 + 36;
            
            questionLines.forEach(line =&gt; {
                ctx.fillText(line, 80, yPos);
                yPos += 36 + 10;
            });
            
            ctx.font = &#39;32px &quot;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&quot;, serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;right&#39;;
            const urduLines = wrapText(ctx, urduText, canvas.width - 160, 32);
            urduLines.forEach(line =&gt; {
                ctx.fillText(line, canvas.width - 80, yPos);
                yPos += 32 + 10;
            });
            
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            yPos += 20;
            
            ctx.font = &#39;italic 24px &quot;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&quot;, serif&#39;;
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;right&#39;;
            ctx.fillText(&quot;چار آپشن میں سے کسی پر بھی کلک کرنے سے جواب سبز ہو جائے گا&quot;, canvas.width - 80, yPos);
            yPos += 24 + 30;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            
            ctx.font = &#39;28px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            
            q.options.forEach((option, index) =&gt; {
                const optionLetter = String.fromCharCode(65 + index);
                const isCorrect = optionLetter === q.correctAnswer;
                
                ctx.save();
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.roundRect(80, yPos - 10, canvas.width - 160, 28 + 20, 10);
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.2)&#39; : &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)&#39;;
                ctx.fill();
                ctx.strokeStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3)&#39;;
                ctx.lineWidth = 1;
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.restore();
                
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(80 + 25, yPos + 28 / 2, 28 * 0.8, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;#3498db&#39;;
                ctx.fill();
                
                ctx.fillStyle = &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
                ctx.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                ctx.fillText(optionLetter, 80 + 25, yPos + 28 / 2 + 28 * 0.3);
                
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
                ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
                ctx.fillText(`${optionLetter}) ${option}`, 80 + 60, yPos + 28 * 0.8);
                
                yPos += 28 + 30;
            });
            
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7)&#39;;
            ctx.font = &#39;italic 20px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
            ctx.fillText(&quot;Study For More PAKMCQs.ORG&quot;, canvas.width / 2, canvas.height - 40);
        }

        function convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve) {
            canvas.toBlob((blob) =&gt; {
                const imageUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
                resolve(imageUrl);
            }, &#39;image/png&#39;, 1.0);
        }

        function wrapText(context, text, maxWidth, fontSize) {
            const words = text.split(&#39; &#39;);
            const lines = [];
            let currentLine = words[0];
            for (let i = 1; i &lt; words.length; i++) {
                const word = words[i];
                const width = context.measureText(currentLine + &#39; &#39; + word).width;
                if (width &lt; maxWidth) {
                    currentLine += &#39; &#39; + word;
                } else {
                    lines.push(currentLine);
                    currentLine = word;
                }
            }
            lines.push(currentLine);
            return lines;
        }
        
        async function shareQuestionWithImage(questionIndex, platform) {
            try {
                const imageUrl = await createShareImage(questionIndex);
                const q = questions[questionIndex];
                const shareUrl = q.questionLink || window.location.href;
                const shareText = `${questionIndex + 1}. ${q.question}\n\n${q.urdu.replace(/#&amp;\d+/g, &#39;&#39;)}\n\nStudy more at: ${shareUrl}`;
                
                if (navigator.share) {
                    const response = await fetch(imageUrl);
                    const blob = await response.blob();
                    const file = new File([blob], &#39;question.png&#39;, { type: &#39;image/png&#39; });
                    
                    await navigator.share({
                        title: q.question,
                        text: shareText,
                        files: [file],
                        url: shareUrl
                    });
                } else {
                    if (platform === &#39;facebook&#39;) {
                        window.open(`https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=${encodeURIComponent(shareUrl)}`, &#39;_blank&#39;);
                    } else if (platform === &#39;twitter&#39;) {
                        const mockImageUrl = imageUrl;
                        window.open(`https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=${encodeURIComponent(shareText)}&amp;url=${encodeURIComponent(mockImageUrl)}`, &#39;_blank&#39;);
                    } else if (platform === &#39;whatsapp&#39;) {
                        const link = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                        link.href = `whatsapp://send?text=${encodeURIComponent(shareText)}`;
                        link.click();
                    }
                }
            } catch (err) {
                console.error(&#39;Error sharing:&#39;, err);
                alert(&#39;Sharing failed. Please try again or copy the link manually.&#39;);
            }
        }

        /* ========================================================= */
        /* ============ DYNAMIC PDF GENERATION LOGIC =============== */
        /* ========================================================= */
        
        async function generateDynamicPDF() {
            // Check if jsPDF is loaded
            if (!window.jspdf) {
                alert(&quot;PDF library is loading. Please wait a moment and try again.&quot;);
                return;
            }

            // --- UI: START LOADING &amp; SHOW PROGRESS BAR ---
            const btn = document.getElementById(&#39;generatePdfBtn&#39;);
            const btnText = btn.querySelector(&#39;.btn-text&#39;);
            const btnProgress = btn.querySelector(&#39;.progress-bar-fill&#39;);
            const originalText = &quot;Click here for Download PDF&quot;;
            
            btn.disabled = true; // Disable double clicks
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Initializing...&quot;;
            btnProgress.style.width = &quot;10%&quot;; // Start progress

            const { jsPDF } = window.jspdf;
            const doc = new jsPDF(&#39;p&#39;, &#39;mm&#39;, &#39;a4&#39;); // Portrait, Millimeters, A4
            
            // 1. Settings &amp; Dimensions
            const pageWidth = 210;
            const pageHeight = 297;
            const marginTop = 30;
            const marginBottom = 05;
            const marginLeft = 15;
            const marginRight = 15;
            const contentWidth = pageWidth - marginLeft - marginRight;
            
            let cursorY = marginTop;

            // 2. Filter Questions (pdf = true)
const pdfQuestions = questions.filter(q =&gt; 
    q.pdf === true || 
    (q.getAttribute &amp;&amp; q.getAttribute(&#39;data-pdf&#39;) === &quot;true&quot;)
);

            if (pdfQuestions.length === 0) {
                alert(&quot;No questions marked for PDF found.&quot;);
                // Reset Button
                btn.disabled = false;
                btnText.textContent = originalText;
                btnProgress.style.width = &quot;0%&quot;;
                return;
            }

            // --- UI: UPDATE STATUS ---
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Downloading Image...&quot;;
            btnProgress.style.width = &quot;30%&quot;;

            // 3. Load Background Image
            const bgUrl = config.pdfBackgroundUrl;
            let bgImage = null;
            try {
                bgImage = await loadImageAsBase64(bgUrl);
                // Image Loaded Success
                btnProgress.style.width = &quot;50%&quot;;
            } catch (e) {
                console.warn(&quot;Background image failed to load, generating PDF without it.&quot;);
            }

            // --- UI: UPDATE STATUS ---
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Generating Pages...&quot;;

            // Helper to Add a new page with background
            const addNewPage = () =&gt; {
                doc.addPage();
                if (bgImage) {
                    doc.addImage(bgImage, &#39;JPEG&#39;, 0, 0, pageWidth, pageHeight);
                }
                cursorY = marginTop; // Reset cursor to top margin
            };

            // Add background to the first page
            if (bgImage) {
                doc.addImage(bgImage, &#39;JPEG&#39;, 0, 0, pageWidth, pageHeight);
            }

            // 4. Iterate and Print Questions
            pdfQuestions.forEach((q, index) =&gt; {
                // --- A. CALCULATE HEIGHT REQUIRED ---
                
                // Question Text Height
                doc.setFontSize(12);
                doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;bold&quot;);
                const qTitle = `Q${index + 1}: ${q.question}`;
                const qTitleLines = doc.splitTextToSize(qTitle, contentWidth);
                const qTitleHeight = qTitleLines.length * 6; // Approx line height 6mm

                // Options Height
                doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;normal&quot;);
                doc.setFontSize(10);
                let optionsHeight = 0;
                const processedOptions = [];

                q.options.forEach((opt, idx) =&gt; {
                    const letter = String.fromCharCode(65 + idx);
                    const optText = `${letter}) ${opt}`;
                    const optLines = doc.splitTextToSize(optText, contentWidth - 5); // Indent slightly
                    const h = optLines.length * 5; // Approx line height 5mm
                    optionsHeight += h + 2; // +2mm padding between options
                    processedOptions.push({ lines: optLines, height: h });
                });

                const totalQuestionHeight = qTitleHeight + optionsHeight + 8; // +8mm padding after question

                // --- B. CHECK SPACE &amp; PAGE BREAK ---
                if (cursorY + totalQuestionHeight &gt; pageHeight - marginBottom) {
                    addNewPage();
                }

                // --- C. RENDER CONTENT ---
                
                // Render Question Title
                doc.setFontSize(12);
                doc.setTextColor(0, 0, 0);
                doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;bold&quot;);
                doc.text(qTitleLines, marginLeft, cursorY);
                cursorY += qTitleHeight + 2;

                // Render Options
                doc.setFontSize(10);
                doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;normal&quot;);
                
                processedOptions.forEach((pOpt, idx) =&gt; {
                     // Check if this is the correct answer to highlight (Optional visual cue)
                     const letter = String.fromCharCode(65 + idx);
                     if (letter === q.correctAnswer) {
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&lt;/html&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/51255189599790045/posts/default/8855100341263088324'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/51255189599790045/posts/default/8855100341263088324'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://www.pakmcqs.org/2026/08/7th-Class-General-Science-Unit-9-Waves-and-Energy-MCQs-PakMCQs.html' title='7th Class General Science Unit 9 Waves and Energy MCQs (موجات اور توانائی) | PAKMCQs'/><author><name>Mehtab Ahmad</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05636204994802332371</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS9Gljp1K0qPJloPRina6n-0TPHhcviGqpJyBOB9xzQe3hhKd10SJCZ6Ibvchs-DYzyYuE1oI0qX6aHvYIM42b8i1HUqtpPhkXDwfKqyTYTKRqYjrcbd5k2BR3sZ8F5g0QTEp3IOupM8m4TpxQo4AQ-NBLG0YhnuOd6FWWBQHvXceVUiMAQbtGPAuS9g/s72-c/7th%20Class%20General%20Science%20Unit%209%20image.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51255189599790045.post-6772057624484757528</id><published>2026-08-29T09:57:00.000+05:00</published><updated>2026-08-29T09:57:00.115+05:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="7th Class General Science"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="7th Class General Science Unit 8"/><title type='text'>7th Class General Science Unit 8 Force and Motion MCQs (قوت اور حرکت) | PAKMCQs</title><content type='html'>&lt;html lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
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            /* Distinct Dark Background for Important Questions */
            background-color: #1a252f !important; 
            border: 2px solid #f1c40f !important; /* Gold border for importance */
            box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(241, 196, 15, 0.3);
        }

        /* Badge Style - Updated with Flexbox for Star Icon */
        .important-badge {
            position: absolute;
            top: -12px;
            right: 15px;
            background: linear-gradient(45deg, #e74c3c, #c0392b);
            color: white;
            padding: 4px 12px;
            border-radius: 12px;
            font-size: 0.75rem;
            font-weight: bold;
            box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
            text-transform: uppercase;
            letter-spacing: 1px;
            z-index: 10;
            
            /* Align Icon and Text */
            display: inline-flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 6px;
        }

        /* Light Theme Override for Important Question */
        body.light-theme .question-card.important-question {
            background-color: #ffffff !important; /* White background in light mode */
            border-color: #e74c3c !important;
            box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
        }
        /* =============================================== */
        
        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ TOC &amp; TOPIC HEADING STYLES START ========== */
        /* ======================================================== */

        .toc-container { background-color: var(--bg-content); border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 20px; margin: 20px 0; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); border: 1px solid var(--primary-color); transition: all 0.3s ease; }
        .toc-container h2 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-top: 0; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border-color, rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.3)); font-size: 1.5rem; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; }
        .toc-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 15px 0 0 0; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr)); gap: 12px; }
        .toc-item { background: var(--bg-main); padding: 12px 15px; border-radius: 6px; border-left: 4px solid var(--primary-color); cursor: pointer; font-weight: 500; color: var(--color-text-primary); transition: all 0.2s ease; display: flex; align-items: center; }
        .toc-item:hover { background: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.15); transform: translateX(5px); border-left-color: var(--secondary-color); }
        .toc-item::before { content: &#39;📌&#39;; margin-right: 10px; font-size: 1.1rem; }

        .in-quiz-topic-heading { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #2c3e50, #3498db); color: white !important; padding: 15px 20px; border-radius: var(--border-radius); font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 40px 0 20px 0; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); text-align: center; position: relative; border: 2px solid #fff; }
        body.light-theme .in-quiz-topic-heading { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #3498db, #2980b9); }

        .question-card.highlight-scroll {
            box-shadow: 0 0 25px #2ecc71 !important;
            border-color: #2ecc71 !important;
            transform: scale(1.01);
            transition: all 0.5s ease;
        }

        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ TOC &amp; TOPIC HEADING STYLES END ============ */
        /* ======================================================== */


        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ FIXED COLOR SETTINGS START ================ */
        /* ======================================================== */

        /* 1. DEFAULT (DARK MODE) SETTINGS */
        /* Since your theme defaults to dark mode, we set Yellow/White here */
        
        .question-text {
            font-size: 1.1rem;
            font-weight: bold;
            color: #FFFF00 !important; /* Yellow for Dark Mode */
            margin-bottom: 10px;
            cursor: pointer;
            display: block;
        }
        
        .urdu-text {
            font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif;
            direction: rtl;
            text-align: right;
            display: block;
            font-size: 1.1rem;
            color: #ffffff !important; /* White for Dark Mode */
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            cursor: pointer;
            line-height: 1.8;
        }

        /* 2. LIGHT MODE OVERRIDES */
        /* These trigger when the body has &#39;light-theme&#39; class */
        
        body.light-theme .question-text {
            color: #006400 !important; /* Dark Green for Light Mode */
        }
        
        body.light-theme .urdu-text {
            color: #000000 !important; /* Black for Light Mode */
        }

        /* Global Selection Notice Box Fixes */
        
        /* Default Dark Mode Box */
        .global-selection-notice {
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.2);
            border: 1px solid #FFFF00;
            padding: 12px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            text-align: center;
            color: #ffffff !important; /* White text default */
        }
        .global-selection-notice .urdu-text {
             color: #ffffff !important;
        }

        /* Light Mode Box Override */
        body.light-theme .global-selection-notice {
            background-color: #fff3cd;
            border: 1px solid #ffeeba;
            color: #856404 !important;
        }
        body.light-theme .global-selection-notice .urdu-text {
             color: #856404 !important;
        }

        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ FIXED COLOR SETTINGS END ================== */
        /* ======================================================== */

        .options {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            gap: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 15px;
        }
        
        .option {
            padding: 12px 15px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1)); 
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            cursor: pointer;
            transition: var(--transition);
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            position: relative;
            background-color: var(--bg-main); /* Slightly distinct from card bg */
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .option:hover {
            border-color: var(--primary-color);
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1);
        }
        
        .option-letter {
            display: inline-block;
            width: 24px;
            height: 24px;
            line-height: 24px;
            text-align: center;
            background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
            border-radius: 50%;
            margin-right: 12px;
            font-weight: 500;
            flex-shrink: 0;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .option-text {
            flex-grow: 1;
        }
        
        /* === UPDATE #1: Highlighted Answer Bold === */
        .correct {
            background-color: rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.2) !important;
            border-color: #28a745 !important;
            color: var(--color-text-primary) !important;
            font-weight: bold !important; /* Added Bold Property */
        }
        .correct .option-letter {
            background-color: #28a745;
            color: white;
        }
        
        .incorrect {
            background-color: rgba(220, 53, 69, 0.2) !important;
            border-color: #dc3545 !important;
            color: var(--color-text-primary) !important;
        }
        .incorrect .option-letter {
            background-color: #dc3545;
            color: white;
        }
        
        .explanation-btn {
            background-color: transparent;
            border: none;
            color: var(--primary-color);
            cursor: pointer;
            font-size: 0.9rem;
            padding: 5px 0;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 5px;
        }
        
        .explanation-btn:hover {
            text-decoration: underline;
        }
        
        .explanation {
            display: none;
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1); /* Transparent for dark mode */
            padding: 12px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-top: 10px;
            border-left: 3px solid var(--primary-color);
            font-size: 0.95rem;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .explanation-image {
            max-width: 100%;
            height: auto;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin: 10px 0;
            display: block;
        }
        .explanation-image-container {
            text-align: center;
            margin: 15px 0;
        }
        
        /* Explanation text highlighting styles */
        .explanation .highlight-red { color: #e74c3c; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-blue { color: #3498db; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-green { color: #2ecc71; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-yellow { 
            color: #f39c12; 
            font-weight: bold; 
            background-color: rgba(243, 156, 18, 0.1);
            padding: 0 2px;
            border-radius: 3px;
        }
        .explanation .highlight-purple { color: #9b59b6; font-weight: bold; }
        
        .controls {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: space-between;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
            gap: 10px;
        }
        
        .btn {
            padding: 10px 20px;
            border: none;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            font-weight: 500;
            cursor: pointer;
            transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .btn-primary { background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; }
        .btn-primary:hover { background-color: #2980b9; }
        .btn-secondary { background-color: #6c757d; color: white; }
        .btn-secondary:hover { background-color: #5a6268; }
        
        .divider {
            height: 1px;
            background-color: var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            margin: 25px 0;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
        }
        
        .ad-container {
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border: 1px dashed var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.2));
            padding: 20px;
            text-align: center;
            margin: 20px 0;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }

        /* RELATED TOPICS SECTION */
        .related-topics {
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            padding: 15px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin: 20px 0;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .related-topics h3 {
            margin-top: 0;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            padding-bottom: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;
        }
        .related-topics ul { padding-left: 20px; }
        .related-topics li { margin-bottom: 8px; color: var(--color-text-primary); }
        .related-topics a { color: var(--primary-color); text-decoration: none; }
        .related-topics a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

        .hidden { display: none; }
        .disabled { opacity: 0.5; pointer-events: none; }
        
        /* Social Share Buttons */
        .share-buttons { display: flex; gap: 8px; margin-top: 15px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
        .share-btn {
            display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
            padding: 6px 10px; border-radius: 4px; color: white;
            font-size: 10px; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s ease;
            text-decoration: none; border: none;
        }
        .share-btn .share-icon {
            width: 10px; height: 10px; margin-right: 5px;
            background-size: contain; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center;
        }
        .share-btn:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); }
        .facebook-btn { background-color: #3b5998; }
        .twitter-btn { background-color: #1da1f2; }
        .whatsapp-btn { background-color: #25d366; }
        .copy-link-btn { background-color: #6c757d; }
        .copy-link-btn.copied { background-color: #28a745; }
        
        .social-share-section {
            margin: 15px 0; padding: 10px;
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); text-align: center;
        }
        .social-share-title { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--color-text-secondary); margin-bottom: 8px; }
        
        /* Pagination Styles */
        .pagination { display: flex; justify-content: center; margin: 30px 0; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 5px; }
        .page-btn {
            padding: 8px 15px; margin: 0 2px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); background-color: var(--bg-content);
            color: var(--color-text-primary); cursor: pointer; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .page-btn:hover:not(.active) { background-color: var(--bg-main); }
        .active { background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; border-color: var(--primary-color); }
        .page-nav {
            padding: 8px 15px; margin: 0 2px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); background-color: var(--bg-content);
            color: var(--color-text-primary); cursor: pointer; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .page-nav:hover { background-color: var(--bg-main); }
        .disabled-nav { opacity: 0.5; cursor: not-allowed; pointer-events: none; }
        
        .page-search { margin-top: 15px; display: flex; justify-content: center; width: 100%; }
        .page-search input {
            padding: 8px 15px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); width: 150px; text-align: center;
            margin-right: 5px; background-color: var(--bg-content); color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        .page-search button {
            padding: 8px 15px; border: none; border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; cursor: pointer;
        }
        .page-ellipsis { display: inline-block; padding: 8px 12px; color: var(--color-text-secondary); }
        
        /* FAQ Section Styles */
        .faq-section {
            margin: 30px 0; background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 20px; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .faq-section h2 { color: var(--color-text-primary); border-bottom: 2px solid var(--primary-color); padding-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0; }
        .faq-item {
            margin-bottom: 15px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); overflow: hidden; transition: border-color 0.3s ease;
        }
        .faq-question {
            background-color: var(--bg-main); padding: 12px 15px; cursor: pointer;
            font-weight: 500; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        .faq-question:hover { background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1); }
        .faq-answer {
            padding: 15px; background-color: var(--bg-content); display: none;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; color: var(--color-text-secondary);
        }
        .faq-answer.show { display: block; }
        .faq-toggle { font-size: 1.2rem; transition: var(--transition); }
        .faq-toggle.rotated { transform: rotate(45deg); }

        /* Image Between Questions */
        .question-image { margin: 20px 0; text-align: center; }
        .question-image a { display: inline-block; }
        .question-image img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: var(--border-radius); box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); transition: transform 0.3s ease; }
        .question-image img:hover { transform: scale(1.02); }
        .question-image-caption { margin-top: 8px; font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--color-text-secondary); text-align: center; }

        .share-image-canvas { position: fixed; top: -9999px; left: -9999px; visibility: hidden; }

        .tts-btn {
            background-color: #6c757d; color: white; border: none;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 8px 12px; margin: 10px 0;
            cursor: pointer; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px;
            font-size: 0.9rem; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .tts-btn:hover { background-color: #5a6268; }
        .tts-btn i { font-size: 1rem; }

        .translate-btn {
            background-color: #3498db; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 4px;
            padding: 5px 10px; margin: 5px 0; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.8rem; transition: all 0.2s ease;
        }
        .translate-btn:hover { background-color: #2980b9; }
        .translate-btn i { display: none; }
        
        .explanation-urdu {
            display: none; font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif; direction: rtl;
            text-align: right; margin-top: 10px; line-height: 2.2; font-size: 1.0rem; 
        }

        /* Expandable Content Section */
        .expandable-content {
            background-color: var(--bg-content); border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            padding: 20px; margin: 20px 0; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
            transition: all 0.3s ease; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .expandable-content h2 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-top: 0; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--primary-color); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
        .content-translate-btn { background-color: var(--secondary-color); color: white; border: none; border-radius: 4px; padding: 5px 10px; font-size: 0.8rem; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s ease; }
        .content-translate-btn:hover { background-color: #27ae60; }
        
        .content-preview { position: relative; overflow: hidden; max-height: 120px; transition: max-height 0.5s ease; }
        .content-preview.expanded { max-height: none; }
        .content-preview::after {
            content: &#39;&#39;; position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 40px;
            background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255,255,255,0), var(--bg-content)); transition: opacity 0.3s ease; opacity: 1;
        }
        .content-preview.expanded::after { opacity: 0; }
        
        .read-more-btn { display: inline-block; margin-top: 10px; color: var(--primary-color); cursor: pointer; font-weight: 500; transition: all 0.2s ease; }
        .read-more-btn:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
        
        .content-body { margin-bottom: 15px; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--color-text-primary); }
        .content-body p { margin-bottom: 15px; }
        .content-body img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: var(--border-radius); margin: 15px 0; display: block; }
        .content-body .image-link { display: inline-block; position: relative; }
        .content-body .image-link:hover::after {
            content: &#39;Click to view&#39;; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;
            background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; border-radius: var(--border-radius);
        }
        .content-body h3 { color: #e74c3c; margin: 20px 0 10px 0; }
        .content-body h4 { color: #3498db; margin: 15px 0 8px 0; }
        .content-body .highlight-word { color: #9b59b6; font-weight: bold; }
        .content-body .highlight-link { color: #e67e22; text-decoration: underline; font-weight: 500; }
        .content-body .highlight-link:hover { color: #d35400; }
        .content-body .urdu-content { display: none; font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif; direction: rtl; text-align: right; line-height: 2; }

        .hidden-faq { display: none; }
        .see-more-faq { text-align: center; margin-top: 20px; }
        .see-more-faq .btn { padding: 8px 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; }

        .question-actions { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-top: 15px; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; }

        .modern-comment-link {
            z-index: 5; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px;
            padding: 6px 12px; border-radius: 50px; background: linear-gradient(45deg, #28a745, #20c997);
            color: white; text-decoration: none; font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 500; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.8, 0.25, 1);
        }
        .modern-comment-link:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: 0 6px 15px rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.3); color: white; }
        .modern-comment-link svg { width: 18px; height: 18px; fill: currentColor; }


        /* ========================================================================= */
        /* == MOBILE RESPONSIVE TWEAKS (GAP KAM KARNE KE LIYE YAHAN CHANGES KI HAIN) == */
        /* ========================================================================= */
        @media (max-width: 768px) {
            /* Blogger Theme ki padding ka gap khatam/kam karne ke liye Negative Margin lagaya gaya hai */
            .no-blogger-overlap {
                margin-left: -12px;
                margin-right: -12px;
            }
            .toc-list { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
            .in-quiz-topic-heading { font-size: 1.2rem; padding: 12px; }
            body { padding: 0px; }
            .info-banner h1 { font-size: 1.5rem; }
            .question-text { font-size: 1.1rem; }
            .urdu-text { font-size: 1rem; }
            .page-btn, .page-nav { padding: 6px 10px; font-size: 0.9rem; }
            .faq-question { font-size: 1rem; }
            .share-buttons { gap: 6px; }
            .share-btn { padding: 6px 10px; font-size: 12px; }
            .share-btn .share-icon { width: 10px; height: 10px; }
            .pdf-download-btn { padding: 8px 15px; font-size: 0.9rem; }
            
            /* Andar ki jagga ko adjust kiya gaya hai */
            .question-card { padding: 15px; } 
            
            .option { padding: 10px 12px; }
            .category-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
            .expandable-content { padding: 15px; }
            .content-preview { max-height: 100px; }
        }
        
        @media (max-width: 480px) {
            /* Choti screen pe gap ko mazeed theek karne ke liye thora aur margin diya gaya hai */
            .no-blogger-overlap {
                margin-left: -16px;
                margin-right: -16px;
            }
            body { padding: 0px; }
            .info-banner { padding: 15px; }
            .info-banner h1 { font-size: 1.3rem; }
            .controls { flex-direction: column; }
            .controls .btn { width: 100%; }
            .pagination { gap: 3px; justify-content: center; }
            .page-btn, .page-nav { padding: 8px 12px; font-size: 0.95rem; min-width: 40px; }
            .page-search input { width: 100px; padding: 10px; }
            .page-search button { padding: 5px 10px; }
            .expandable-content h2 { font-size: 1.2rem; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 10px; }
            .category-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(1, 1fr); }
            .modern-comment-link { padding: 5px 10px; font-size: 0.4rem; gap: 4px; }
            .modern-comment-link svg { width: 10px; height: 10px; }
            .explanation-btn { font-size: 0.85rem; }
            .card-badge { font-size: 9px; padding: 3px 8px; }
            
            /* Choti screens ke liye question card padding adjustment */
            .question-card { padding: 12px; }
        }
    &lt;/style&gt;
    &lt;!-- STEP 1: AdSense Script ko &lt;head&gt; main rakhein --&gt;
    &lt;script async src=&quot;https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4073269280727447&quot; crossorigin=&quot;anonymous&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;/head&gt;
&lt;body&gt;
    &lt;!-- Main content wrapper to prevent Blogger conflicts --&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;no-blogger-overlap&quot;&gt;
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            &lt;h1&gt;Force and Motion MCQs | 7th Class General Science Unit 8 | PakMCQs&lt;/h1&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Practice 7th Class General Science Unit 8 Force and Motion MCQs covering speed, distance, time, average speed, distance-time graphs, force, newton, contact and non-contact forces, and action-reaction pairs. These MCQs are useful for learning, revision and preparation.Prepare with PAKMCQs for ETEA, NTS, KPPSC, PPSC and FPSC exams.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;p class=&quot;urdu-text&quot;&gt;پی ڈی ایف ڈاؤن لوڈ کرنے کے بجائے، یہاں وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں۔ اِن شاء اللہ آپ کی تیاری مزید بہتر ہو جائے گی۔&lt;/p&gt;
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    &lt;h2&gt;Force and Motion | قوت اور حرکت
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                &lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #e74c3c;&quot;&gt;7th Class General Science Unit 8: Force and Motion&lt;/h3&gt;
                
                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;Unit ka Asaan Khulasa&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Force and Motion unit mein hum motion, speed, distance, time, force aur different types of forces ke bare mein seekhte hain. Is unit ka main focus yeh samajhna hai ke koi object kitni tezi se move karta hai, uski speed kaise calculate hoti hai, distance-time graph ko kaise samjha jata hai aur force kisi object ki motion ko kaise change karta hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;1. Motion kya hai?&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Motion&lt;/span&gt; ka matlab hai kisi object ka apni position change karna. Misal ke taur par, agar ek car ek jagah se doosri jagah move karti hai to uski position change hoti hai, is liye car motion mein hai. Kisi object ke rest ya motion mein hone ka faisla observer aur reference point par depend karta hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;Distance:&lt;/b&gt; Kisi object ke do points ke darmiyan tay kiya gaya actual path distance kehlata hai. Distance ka SI unit &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #2980b9;&quot;&gt;meter (m)&lt;/span&gt; hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;2. Speed &amp; 3. Average Speed&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Speed&lt;/span&gt; batati hai ke koi object kitni tezi se move kar raha hai. Unit time mein cover kiya gaya distance speed kehlata hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p style=&quot;font-family: monospace; border-left: 4px solid #27ae60; padding-left: 10px; margin: 10px 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Speed = Distance ÷ Time (v = S / T)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Speed ka SI unit &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;meter per second (m/s)&lt;/span&gt; hai, aur doosri units kilometer per hour (km/h) aur miles per hour (mi/h) hain. (e.g. Agar car 100 meters ka distance 10 seconds mein cover kare to speed = 100 ÷ 10 = 10 m/s hai).&lt;/p&gt;
                
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Average Speed:&lt;/span&gt; Jab koi object different distances ya different speeds par move karta hai to uski average speed calculate ki jati hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p style=&quot;font-family: monospace; border-left: 4px solid #d35400; padding-left: 10px; margin: 10px 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;(e.g. Agar ek person pehle 180 km aur phir 120 km travel karta hai aur total time 3 hours hai: Total Distance = 300 km, so Average Speed = 300 ÷ 3 = 100 km/h hai).&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;4. SI Units&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;SI ka full form International System of Units hai. Duniya bhar mein measurements ko ek common system mein express karne ke liye SI units use ki jati hain.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Quantity&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;SI Unit&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Distance&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;meter (m)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Time&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;second (s)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Speed&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;meter per second (m/s)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Force&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;newton (N)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Important Conversion:&lt;/b&gt; 1 km = 1000 m | 1 hour = 3600 seconds.&lt;br&gt;
                • km/h &amp;rarr; m/s = × 5/18 | • m/s &amp;rarr; km/h = × 18/5&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;5. Speedometer aur Odometer&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;Speedometer:&lt;/b&gt; Car ki kisi particular moment ki speed measure karta hai.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Odometer:&lt;/b&gt; Car ke cover kiye gaye total distance ko measure karta hai.&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;i&gt;Yaad rakhein: Speedometer &amp;rarr; Speed | Odometer &amp;rarr; Distance&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;6. Distance-Time Graph&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Graph do ya zyada quantities ke darmiyan relationship ko diagram ki form mein show karta hai. Distance-time graph mein X-axis = Time aur Y-axis = Distance hota hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;Object at Rest:&lt;/b&gt; Agar time guzarta rahe lekin distance change na ho to object rest mein hai.&lt;/p&gt;
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                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Time (s)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Distance (m)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;7. Uniform Speed:&lt;/b&gt; Jab koi object equal time mein equal distance cover kare. (e.g. 0s-0m, 1s-10m, 2s-20m, 3s-30m, 4s-40m, 5s-50m). Speed constant hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;8. Increasing Speed:&lt;/b&gt; Jab object waqt ke sath zyada distance cover karne lage (e.g. 0s-0m, 1s-10m, 2s-30m, 3s-60m, 4s-100m, 5s-150m). Speed barh rahi hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;9. Decreasing Speed:&lt;/b&gt; Jab object waqt ke sath kam distance cover kare (e.g. 0s-0m, 1s-50m, 2s-90m, 3s-120m, 4s-130m, 5s-135m). Speed decrease ho rahi hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Graph ko yaad rakhne ka easy method:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                • Straight horizontal line &amp;rarr; Rest | • Straight sloping line &amp;rarr; Constant speed&lt;br&gt;
                • Curve becoming steeper &amp;rarr; Increasing speed | • Curve becoming flatter &amp;rarr; Decreasing speed&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;10. Force&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #c0392b; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Force&lt;/span&gt; kisi object ko push ya pull karne wali quantity hai. Force kisi object ki motion start/stop kar sakti hai, speed change kar sakti hai, direction change kar sakti hai aur shape/size change kar sakti hai. Force ka SI unit &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #c0392b;&quot;&gt;Newton (N)&lt;/span&gt; hai (Sir Isaac Newton ke naam par).&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;11. Contact Force aur 12. Non-Contact Force&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Contact Force:&lt;/span&gt; Aisi force jo do objects ke physical contact mein aane par act kare. Examples: &lt;i&gt;Friction force, Applied force, Muscular force, Normal force, Air resistance, Drag force, Spring force, aur Upthrust&lt;/i&gt;. (e.g. Football ko kick karna).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Non-Contact Force:&lt;/span&gt; Aisi force jo physical contact ke baghair act kare. Examples:&lt;br&gt;
                1. &lt;b&gt;Gravitational Force:&lt;/b&gt; Earth objects ko apni taraf attract karti hai.&lt;br&gt;
                2. &lt;b&gt;Magnetic Force:&lt;/b&gt; Magnet doosre magnetic material par force lagata hai.&lt;br&gt;
                3. &lt;b&gt;Electrostatic Force:&lt;/b&gt; Charged objects ek doosre ko attract ya repel karte hain.&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;i&gt;Easy Trick: Contact = Touch zaroori | Non-contact = Touch zaroori nahi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;13. Action and Reaction Forces&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Newton ke mutabiq: &lt;b&gt;Har action ke equal magnitude aur opposite direction mein reaction hota hai.&lt;/b&gt; Jab ek object doosre par force lagata hai, doosra bhi pehle par equal aur opposite force lagata hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;i&gt;Example 1 (Wall se Ball):&lt;/i&gt; Ball wall par force lagati hai (Action) &amp;rarr; Wall ball par opposite force lagati hai (Reaction).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;i&gt;Example 2 (Walking):&lt;/i&gt; Hum ground ko backward push karte hain (Action) &amp;rarr; Ground humein forward push karta hai (Reaction).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;i&gt;Example 3 (Balloon Rocket):&lt;/i&gt; Balloon se hawa backward nikalti hai (Action) &amp;rarr; Balloon forward jata hai (Reaction).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;i&gt;Example 4 (Rocket):&lt;/i&gt; Hot gases backward nikalti hain (Action) &amp;rarr; Rocket forward jata hai (Reaction).&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;Quick Revision&lt;/h5&gt;
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                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Term&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Easy Meaning&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Motion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Position ka change hona&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Distance&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Covered path&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Speed&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Distance covered per unit time&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Average Speed&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Total distance ÷ total time&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Force&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Push ya pull&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Contact Force&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Touch ke sath force&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Non-Contact Force&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Touch ke baghair force&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Speedometer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Speed measure karta hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Odometer&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Distance measure karta hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;div style=&quot;border-left: 5px solid #2e7d32; padding-left: 15px; margin: 15px 0;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;h5 style=&quot;margin-top: 0; color: #2e7d32;&quot;&gt;Key Points&lt;/h5&gt;
                    &lt;p&gt;• Motion kisi object ki position change hone ko kehte hain. Speed = Distance ÷ Time.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Speed ka SI unit m/s hai, aur Force ka SI unit Newton (N) hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Distance-time graph mein time X-axis aur distance Y-axis par hota hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Horizontal line rest ko aur equal distances in equal times uniform speed ko show karte hain.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Contact force ke liye physical contact zaroori hota hai, non-contact ke liye nahi.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Gravity, magnetic aur electrostatic forces non-contact forces hain, jabki friction, applied aur muscular contact forces hain.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Every action has an equal and opposite reaction (Walking, balloon/rocket propulsion).&lt;/p&gt;
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                &lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #e74c3c;&quot;&gt;ساتویں کلاس جنرل سائنس – یونٹ 8&lt;/h3&gt;
                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;یونٹ 8: فورس اور موشن (قوت اور حرکت)&lt;/h4&gt;
                
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;یونٹ کا آسان خلاصہ:&lt;/strong&gt; فورس اور موشن (قوت اور حرکت) یونٹ میں ہم موشن، اسپیڈ (رفتار)، ڈسٹنس (فاصلہ)، ٹائم (وقت)، فورس اور مختلف ٹائپس کی فورسز کے بارے میں سیکھتے ہیں۔ اس یونٹ کا مین فوکس (بنیادی مرکز) یہ سمجھنا ہے کہ کوئی آبجیکٹ (جسم) کتنی تیزی سے موو (حرکت) کرتا ہے، اس کی اسپیڈ کیسے کیلکولیٹ (محسوب) ہوتی ہے، ڈسٹنس ٹائم گراف (فاصلہ وقت گراف) کو کیسے سمجھا جاتا ہے اور فورس کسی آبجیکٹ کی موشن کو کیسے تبدیل (چینج) کرتی ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;1۔ موشن (حرکت) کیا ہے؟&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;موشن&lt;/span&gt; کا مطلب ہے کسی آبجیکٹ کا اپنی پوزیشن (جگہ) تبدیل کرنا۔ مثال کے طور پر، اگر ایک کار ایک جگہ سے دوسری جگہ موو کرتی ہے تو اس کی پوزیشن تبدیل ہوتی ہے، اس لیے کار موشن میں ہے۔ کسی آبجیکٹ کے ریسٹ (ساکن) یا موشن میں ہونے کا فیصلہ آبزرور (مشاہدہ کرنے والے) اور ریفرنس پوائنٹ (حوالہ جاتی نقطہ) پر ڈیپینڈ (منحصر) کرتا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;فاصلہ (Distance):&lt;/b&gt; کسی آبجیکٹ کے دو پوائنٹس کے درمیان طے کیا گیا ایکچوئل پاتھ (حقیقی راستہ) ڈسٹنس کہلاتا ہے۔ ڈسٹنس کا ایس آئی (SI) یونٹ &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #2980b9;&quot;&gt;میٹر (m)&lt;/span&gt; ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;2۔ اسپیڈ (رفتار) اور 3۔ ایوریج اسپیڈ (اوسط رفتار)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;اسپیڈ&lt;/span&gt; بتاتی ہے کہ کوئی آبجیکٹ کتنی تیزی سے موو کر رہا ہے۔ یونٹ ٹائم (اکائی وقت) میں طے کیا گیا فاصلہ اسپیڈ کہلاتا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p style=&quot;font-family: monospace; border-right: 4px solid #27ae60; padding-right: 10px; margin: 10px 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;اسپیڈ = فاصلہ (ڈسٹنس) ÷ وقت (ٹائم) (v = S / T)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;اسپیڈ کا ایس آئی یونٹ &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;میٹر فی سیکنڈ (m/s)&lt;/span&gt; ہے، جبکہ دوسری یونٹس کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ (km/h) اور میل فی گھنٹہ (mi/h) ہیں۔ (مثال: اگر ایک کار 100 میٹرز کا ڈسٹنس 10 سیکنڈز میں کور کرے تو اسپیڈ = 100 ÷ 10 = 10 میٹر فی سیکنڈ ہے)۔&lt;/p&gt;
                
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ایوریج اسپیڈ (اوسط رفتار):&lt;/span&gt; جب کوئی آبجیکٹ ڈفرنٹ ڈسٹنسز یا ڈفرنٹ اسپیڈز پر موو کرتا ہے تو اس کی ایوریج اسپیڈ کیلکولیٹ کی جاتی ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p style=&quot;font-family: monospace; border-right: 4px solid #d35400; padding-right: 10px; margin: 10px 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ایوریج اسپیڈ = ٹوٹل ڈسٹنس (کل فاصلہ) ÷ ٹوٹل ٹائم (کل وقت)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;(مثال: ایک شخص پہلے 180 کلومیٹر اور پھر 120 کلومیٹر ٹریول کرتا ہے۔ ٹوٹل ٹائم 3 گھنٹے ہے۔ ٹوٹل ڈسٹنس = 300 کلومیٹر، سو ایوریج اسپیڈ = 300 ÷ 3 = 100 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ ہے)۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;4۔ ایس آئی یونٹس (SI Units)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;ایس آئی (SI) کا فل فارم &#39;انٹرنیشنل سسٹم آف یونٹس&#39; ہے۔ دنیا بھر میں میژرمنٹس کو ایک کامن سسٹم میں ظاہر کرنے کے لیے ایس آئی یونٹس استعمال کی جاتی ہیں۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;مقدار (Quantity)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ایس آئی یونٹ (SI Unit)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;فاصلہ (Distance)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;میٹر (m)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;وقت (Time)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;سیکنڈ (s)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;رفتار (Speed)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;میٹر فی سیکنڈ (m/s)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;قوت (Force)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;نیوٹن (N)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;اہم تبدیلیاں:&lt;/b&gt; 1 کلومیٹر = 1000 میٹر | 1 گھنٹہ = 3600 سیکنڈز۔&lt;br&gt;
                • کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ &amp;rarr; میٹر فی سیکنڈ = ضرب 5/18 | • میٹر فی سیکنڈ &amp;rarr; کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ = ضرب 18/5&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;5۔ اسپیڈومیٹر اور اوڈومیٹر&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;اسپیڈومیٹر:&lt;/b&gt; کار کی کسی خاص لمحے کی اسپیڈ کو میژر کرتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;اوڈومیٹر:&lt;/b&gt; کار کے کور کیے گئے ٹوٹل ڈسٹنس کو میژر کرتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;i&gt;یاد رکھیں: اسپیڈومیٹر &amp;rarr; اسپیڈ | اوڈومیٹر &amp;rarr; ڈسٹنس&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;6۔ ڈسٹنس ٹائم گراف (فاصلہ وقت گراف)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;گراف دو یا زیادہ کوانٹٹیز (مقداروں) کے درمیان ریلیشن شپ (تعلق) کو ڈایاگرام کی فارم میں شو کرتا ہے۔ ڈسٹنس ٹائم گراف میں ایکس ایکسس = وقت (ٹائم) اور وائی ایکسس = فاصلہ (ڈسٹنس) ہوتا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;آبجیکٹ ایٹ ریسٹ (ساکن جسم):&lt;/b&gt; اگر وقت گزرتا رہے لیکن فاصلہ تبدیل نہ ہو تو آبجیکٹ ریسٹ میں ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;وقت (سیکنڈ)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;فاصلہ (میٹر)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;7۔ یونیفارم اسپیڈ (یکساں رفتار):&lt;/b&gt; جب کوئی آبجیکٹ برابر وقت میں برابر فاصلہ کور کرے (جیسے 0 سیکنڈ-0 میٹر، 1 سیکنڈ-10 میٹر، 2 سیکنڈ-20 میٹر، 3 سیکنڈ-30 میٹر، 4 سیکنڈ-40 میٹر، 5 سیکنڈ-50 میٹر)۔ اسپیڈ کانسٹنٹ ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;8۔ انکریزنگ اسپیڈ (بڑھتی ہوئی رفتار):&lt;/b&gt; جب آبجیکٹ وقت کے ساتھ زیادہ فاصلہ کور کرنے لگے (جیسے 0 سیکنڈ-0 میٹر، 1 سیکنڈ-10 میٹر، 2 سیکنڈ-30 میٹر، 3 سیکنڈ-60 میٹر، 4 سیکنڈ-100 میٹر، 5 سیکنڈ-150 میٹر)۔ اسپیڈ بڑھ رہی ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;9۔ ڈیکریزنگ اسپیڈ (کم ہوتی ہوئی رفتار):&lt;/b&gt; جب آبجیکٹ وقت کے ساتھ کم فاصلہ کور کرے (جیسے 0 سیکنڈ-0 میٹر، 1 سیکنڈ-50  میٹر، 2 سیکنڈ-90 میٹر، 3 سیکنڈ-120 میٹر، 4 سیکنڈ-130  میٹر، 5 سیکنڈ-135  میٹر)۔ اسپیڈ کم ہو رہی ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;گراف کو یاد رکھنے کا آسان طریقہ:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                • سیدھی افقی لائن &amp;rarr; ریسٹ | • سیدھی ترچھی لائن &amp;rarr; کانسٹنٹ اسپیڈ&lt;br&gt;
                • ابھرا ہوا خم (کرو) &amp;rarr; انکریزنگ اسپیڈ | • بیٹھا ہوا خم (کرو) &amp;rarr; ڈیکریزنگ اسپیڈ&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;10۔ فورس (قوت)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #c0392b; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;فورس (قوت)&lt;/span&gt; کسی آبجیکٹ کو پش یا پل کرنے والی کوانٹٹی (مقدار) ہے۔ فورس کسی آبجیکٹ کی حرکت شروع کر سکتی ہے، روک سکتی ہے، اسپیڈ کم یا زیادہ کر سکتی ہے، سمت تبدیل کر سکتی ہے اور شکل یا سائز تبدیل کر سکتی ہے۔ فورس کا ایس آئی یونٹ &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #c0392b;&quot;&gt;نیوٹن (N)&lt;/span&gt; ہے (سر آئیزک نیوٹن کے نام پر)۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;11۔ کنٹیکٹ فورس (رابطے کی قوت) اور 12۔ نان کنٹیکٹ فورس (بغیر رابطے کی قوت)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;کنٹیکٹ فورس:&lt;/span&gt; ایسی فورس جو دو آبجیکٹس کے فزیکل کنٹیکٹ (طبیعی رابطے) میں آنے پر کام کرے۔ مثالیں: &lt;i&gt;فرکشن فورس (رگڑ کی قوت)، اپلائیڈ فورس، مسکولر فورس، نارمل فورس، ایئر ریزسٹنس، ڈریگ فورس، اسپرنگ فورس، اور اپ تھرسٹ&lt;/i&gt;۔ (جیسے فٹ بال کو کک مارنا)۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;نان کنٹیکٹ فورس:&lt;/span&gt; ایسی فورس جو فزیکل کنٹیکٹ کے بغیر کسی آبجیکٹ پر اثر کرے، نان کنٹیکٹ فورس کہلاتی ہے۔ مثالیں:&lt;br&gt;
                1. &lt;b&gt;گریویٹیشنل فورس (کششِ ثقل):&lt;/b&gt; زمین آبجیکٹس کو اپنی طرف اٹریکٹ کرتی ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                2. &lt;b&gt;میگنیٹک فورس (مقناطیسی قوت):&lt;/b&gt; میگنیٹ دوسرے میگنیٹ یا میگنیٹک میٹیریل پر فورس لگاتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                3. &lt;b&gt;الیکٹراسٹیٹک فورس:&lt;/b&gt; چارجڈ آبجیکٹس ایک دوسرے کو اٹریکٹ یا ریپیل کرتے ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;i&gt;آسان طریقہ: کنٹیکٹ = ٹچ ضروری ہے | نان کنٹیکٹ = ٹچ ضروری نہیں ہے&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;13۔ ایکشن اور ری ایکشن فورسز (عمل اور ردِعمل کی قوتیں)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;نیوٹن کے مطابق: &lt;b&gt;ہر ایکشن کا ایکول میگنیٹیوڈ (برابر مقدار) اور اپوزٹ ڈائریکشن (مخالف سمت) میں ری ایکشن ہوتا ہے۔&lt;/b&gt; جب ایک آبجیکٹ دوسرے پر فورس لگاتا ہے، دوسرا بھی پہلے پر برابر اور مخالف فورس لگاتا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;i&gt;مثال 1 (دیوار سے بال کا ٹکرانا):&lt;/i&gt; بال دیوار پر فورس لگاتی ہے (ایکشن) &amp;rarr; دیوار بال پر مخالف فورس لگاتی ہے (ردِعمل)۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;i&gt;مثال 2 (چلنا):&lt;/i&gt; ہم زمین کو پیچھے کی طرف دھکیلتے ہیں (ایکشن) &amp;rarr; زمین ہمیں آگے کی طرف دھکیلتی ہے (ردِعمل)۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;i&gt;مثال 3 (غبارہ راکٹ):&lt;/i&gt; غبارے سے ہوا پیچھے کی طرف نکلتی ہے (ایکشن) &amp;rarr; غبارہ آگے جاتا ہے (ردِعمل)۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;i&gt;مثال 4 (راکٹ):&lt;/i&gt; گرم گیسوں کا پیچھے جانا (ایکشن) &amp;rarr; راکٹ کا آگے جانا (ردِعمل)۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;فوری اعادہ (Quick Revision)&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;اصطلاح (Term)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;آسان مطلب (Easy Meaning)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;موشن (Motion)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پوزیشن کا تبدیل ہونا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;فاصلہ (Distance)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;طے کیا گیا راستہ (پاتھ)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;رفتار (Speed)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;اکائی وقت میں طے کیا گیا فاصلہ&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;اوسط رفتار (Average Speed)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ٹوٹل ڈسٹنس ÷ ٹوٹل ٹائم&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;قوت (Force)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;دھکیلنا (پش) یا کھینچنا (پل)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;رابطے کی قوت (Contact Force)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;چھونے (ٹچ) کے ساتھ لگنے والی قوت&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;غیر رابطہ قوت (Non-Contact Force)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;چھوئے بغیر لگنے والی قوت&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;اسپیڈومیٹر&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;اسپیڈ کو ناپتا ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;اوڈومیٹر&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;فاصلے کو ناپتا ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;div style=&quot;border-right: 5px solid #2e7d32; padding-right: 15px; margin: 15px 0;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;h5 style=&quot;margin-top: 0; color: #2e7d32;&quot;&gt;اہم نکات (Key Points)&lt;/h5&gt;
                    &lt;p&gt;• موشن کسی آبجیکٹ کی پوزیشن تبدیل ہونے کو کہتے ہیں۔ اسپیڈ = ڈسٹنس ÷ ٹائم۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • اسپیڈ کا ایس آئی یونٹ میٹر فی سیکنڈ (m/s) ہے اور فورس کا ایس آئی یونٹ نیوٹن (N) ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • ڈسٹنس ٹائم گراف میں ٹائم ایکس ایکسس اور ڈسٹنس وائی ایکسس پر ہوتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • ہاریزونٹل ڈسٹنس ٹائم گراف آبجیکٹ کے ریسٹ (ساکن حالت) کو شو کرتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • برابر وقت میں برابر فاصلے یونیفارم اسپیڈ کو شو کرتے ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • کنٹیکٹ فورس کے لیے فزیکل کنٹیکٹ ضروری ہوتا ہے، نان کنٹیکٹ کے لیے نہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • گریویٹی، میگنیٹک اور الیکٹراسٹیٹک فورسز نان کنٹیکٹ فورسز ہیں، جبکہ فرکشن، اپلائیڈ اور مسکولر کنٹیکٹ فورسز ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • ہر ایکشن کا ایک برابر اور مخالف ری ایکشن ہوتا ہے (جیسے چلنا، بیلون راکٹ اور راکٹ پروپلشن)۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    
    &lt;div class=&quot;read-more-btn&quot; id=&quot;readMoreBtn&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;!-- Topics Table of Contents Container --&gt;
        &lt;div id=&quot;toc-container&quot; class=&quot;toc-container&quot; style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt;
            &lt;h2&gt;📚 Table of Contents (Topics Main Headings)&lt;/h2&gt;
            &lt;ul id=&quot;toc-list&quot; class=&quot;toc-list&quot;&gt;
                &lt;!-- TOC items will be injected here dynamically --&gt;
            &lt;/ul&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

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        &lt;/div&gt;
        
        &lt;!-- Global Selection Notice --&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;global-selection-notice&quot;&gt;
            &lt;span class=&quot;urdu-text&quot;&gt;چار آپشن میں سے کسی پر بھی کلک کرنے سے جواب سبز ہو جائے گا&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
        
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            &lt;!-- Questions will be loaded here --&gt;
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        &lt;!-- FAQ Section - Updated design --&gt;
        &lt;div id=&quot;faq-container&quot;&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;faq-section&quot;&gt;
        &lt;h2&gt;Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)&lt;/h2&gt;
        
        &lt;!-- Visible FAQs (First 3) --&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is motion?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Motion is the change in position of an object with respect to a reference point.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is speed?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Speed is the distance covered by an object per unit time.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is the formula of speed?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Speed = Distance ÷ Time (v = S/T).&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;!-- Hidden FAQs (Remaining 7) --&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is the SI unit of speed?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;The SI unit of speed is meter per second (m/s).&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is average speed?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Average speed is the total distance covered divided by the total time taken.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is force?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Force is a push or pull that can change the motion, speed, direction, or shape of an object.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is the SI unit of force?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;The SI unit of force is newton (N).&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is the difference between contact and non-contact forces?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;A contact force acts when objects are physically touching, while a non-contact force acts without physical contact.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is a distance-time graph?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;A distance-time graph shows the relationship between distance and time. Time is placed on the X-axis and distance on the Y-axis.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is Newton&#39;s action-reaction law?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;It states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;see-more-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;button id=&quot;seeMoreFaqBtn&quot; class=&quot;btn btn-primary&quot;&gt;See More FAQs&lt;/button&gt;
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            &lt;!-- Pagination buttons will be added here --&gt;
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        &lt;!-- FOOTER AD SECTION HATA DIYA GAYA HAI --&gt;

    &lt;/div&gt; &lt;!-- End of no-blogger-overlap wrapper --&gt;
    
    &lt;!-- Hidden canvas for generating share images --&gt;
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        // Updated Data with pdf: true property for demonstration
        const questions = [
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;World Record&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which athlete holds the World Record in the Men&#39;s 100-meter race?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مردوں کی 100 میٹر دوڑ کا ورلڈ ریکارڈ (World Record) کس ایتھلیٹ کے پاس ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Lionel Messi&quot;, &quot;Usain Bolt&quot;, &quot;Cristiano Ronaldo&quot;, &quot;Michael Phelps&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Usain Bolt[/red] is correct because he holds the official World Record in the [blue]Men&#39;s 100-meter race[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یوسین بولٹ (Usain Bolt)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ان کے پاس [blue]مردوں کی 100 میٹر دوڑ کا آفیشل ورلڈ ریکارڈ[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In what time did Usain Bolt finish his world record 100-meter race?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;یوسین بولٹ نے اپنے ورلڈ ریکارڈ 100 میٹر ریس کو کتنے وقت میں مکمل کیا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;5.00 seconds&quot;, &quot;9.58 seconds&quot;, &quot;12.50 seconds&quot;, &quot;15.00 seconds&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]9.58 seconds[/red] is correct because Usain Bolt set the world record by finishing the [blue]100-meter sprint in exactly 9.58 seconds[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]9.58 سیکنڈز[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ یوسین بولٹ نے 100 میٹر کا فاصلہ [blue]9.58 سیکنڈز کے ریکارڈ وقت[/blue] میں مکمل کیا۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What was Usain Bolt&#39;s average speed measured in meters per second (m/s)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;میٹر فی سیکنڈ (m/s) میں یوسین بولٹ کی اوسط رفتار کتنی تھی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;5.0 m/s&quot;, &quot;10.4 m/s&quot;, &quot;20.0 m/s&quot;, &quot;50.0 m/s&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]10.4 m/s[/red] is correct because his average speed during the record sprint was [blue]10.4 meters per second[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]10.4 میٹر فی سیکنڈ (10.4 m/s)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ریس کے دوران ان کی اوسط رفتار [blue]10.4 m/s[/blue] ریکارڈ کی گئی تھی۔&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What was Usain Bolt&#39;s speed measured in kilometers per hour (km/h)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ (km/h) میں یوسین بولٹ کی رفتار کتنی تھی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;10.5 km/h&quot;, &quot;25.0 km/h&quot;, &quot;37.5 km/h&quot;, &quot;100.0 km/h&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]37.5 km/h[/red] is correct because converting his speed to kilometers per hour equals [blue]37.5 km/h[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]37.5 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ (37.5 km/h)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ کے حساب سے ان کی رفتار [blue]37.5 km/h[/blue] بنتی ہے۔&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Introduction&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the basic scientific definition of motion?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;موشن (motion) کی بنیادی سائنسی تعریف کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Act of movement&quot;, &quot;Being completely frozen&quot;, &quot;Chemical reaction inside cells&quot;, &quot;Sudden temperature increase&quot;],
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    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Act of movement[/red] is correct because in physics, motion is simply the [blue]change in position or act of movement[/blue] of an object.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]حرکت کرنے کا عمل (Act of movement)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فزکس میں کسی جسم کے اپنی جگہ بدلنے کے عمل کو [blue]موشن (حرکت)[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
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    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why are you considered at rest while sitting still in your classroom chair?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کلاس روم میں کرسی پر ساکن بیٹھے ہوئے آپ کو اپنے ماحول کے لحاظ سے حالتِ سکون (rest) میں کیوں مانا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because you are changing position very quickly&quot;, &quot;Because you are not changing position relative to class surroundings&quot;, &quot;Because you are floating in air&quot;, &quot;Because the room walls are spinning&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because you are not changing position relative to class surroundings[/red] is correct because state of rest is defined by [blue]no change in position relative to a reference frame[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ آپ ارد گرد کے ماحول کے لحاظ سے جگہ نہیں بدل رہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پوزیشن تبدیل نہ کرنے کی وجہ سے آپ [blue]حالتِ سکون (rest)[/blue] میں ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why are you NOT at rest when observed by an astronaut in the space station?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اسپیس اسٹیشن سے کسی خلا باز کے دیکھنے پر آپ خود کو حالتِ سکون (rest) میں کیوں نہیں پاتے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because the classroom chair is broken&quot;, &quot;Because the Earth itself is in motion&quot;, &quot;Because the astronaut is walking around&quot;, &quot;Because you are running very fast&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because the Earth itself is in motion[/red] is correct because the Earth is [blue]constantly revolving and rotating through space[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ زمین خود مسلسل حرکت میں ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ خلا سے دیکھنے پر [blue]زمین کی اپنی گردش[/blue] کی وجہ سے آپ بھی متحرک نظر آتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What factor ultimately determines whether an object is considered at rest or in motion?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کوئی جسم ریسٹ (سکون) میں ہے یا موشن (حرکت) میں، اس بات کا فیصلہ کس پر منحصر ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;The physical weight of the object&quot;, &quot;The observer (frame of reference)&quot;, &quot;The temperature of surrounding air&quot;, &quot;The physical shape of the chair&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]The observer (frame of reference)[/red] is correct because motion and rest are [blue]relative to the observer&#39;s frame of reference[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مشاہدہ کرنے والا یعنی ابزرور (The observer)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ موشن اور ریسٹ کا تعین [blue]مشاہدہ کرنے والے کے فریم آف ریفرنس[/blue] پر منحصر ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the actual path covered by an object when it changes position between two points called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دو نقاط کے درمیان جگہ بدلتے ہوئے کسی جسم کا طے کردہ حقیقی راستہ کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Speed&quot;, &quot;Distance&quot;, &quot;Time&quot;, &quot;Gravity&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Distance[/red] is correct because the total length of the [blue]actual physical path traveled[/blue] is defined as distance.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]فاصلہ (Distance)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دو نقاط کے درمیان طے کیے گئے [blue]حقیقی راستے کی کل لمبائی[/blue] کو فاصلہ کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The physical path covered as distance between two points can be in which form?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دو نقاط کے درمیان فاصلے کی شکل میں طے کردہ راستہ کس نوعیت کا ہو سکتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;A straight line&quot;, &quot;A curved line&quot;, &quot;A solid 3D shape&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because distance can be covered along a [blue]straight path or along curved lines[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ طے کردہ فاصلہ [blue]سیدھی لائن یا گھماؤ دار راستے[/blue] کی شکل میں ہو سکتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What physical quantity measures how fast an object has traveled a given distance?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;یہ بات کہ کسی جسم نے کوئی فاصلہ کتنی تیزی سے طے کیا ہے، فزکس میں کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mass&quot;, &quot;Speed&quot;, &quot;Volume&quot;, &quot;Density&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Speed[/red] is correct because speed is the rate that quantifies [blue]how fast distance is covered per unit of time[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اسپیڈ یعنی رفتار (Speed)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اسپیڈ یہ بتاتی ہے کہ کوئی جسم [blue]کتنی تیزی سے فاصلہ طے کرتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;To change an object&#39;s state of motion, such as starting, stopping, or changing speed, what must be applied?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی جسم کی حرکت کی حالت کو بدلنے (روکنے، چلانے، تیز یا آہستہ کرنے) کے لیے اس پر کیا لگانا ضروری ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Force&quot;, &quot;Heat&quot;, &quot;Light&quot;, &quot;Air temperature&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Force[/red] is correct because applying an external [blue]force is required to alter velocity or state of rest/motion[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]فورس یعنی قوت (Force)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کسی جسم کی حرکت کو روکنے، چلانے یا رفتار بدلنے کے لیے [blue]فورس لگانا لازمی[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Information&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the average running speed of a cheetah?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک چیتا (cheetah) کی اوسط دوڑنے کی رفتار کتنی درج کی گئی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;50 km/h&quot;, &quot;112 km/h&quot;, &quot;250 km/h&quot;, &quot;500 km/h&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]112 km/h[/red] is correct because a cheetah can sprint at a top speed of [blue]approximately 112 km/h[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]112 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ (112 km/h)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چیتے کے دوڑنے کی تیز ترین اوسط رفتار [blue]112 km/h[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the average speed of a bullet train in Japan?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جاپان میں چلنے والی بلیٹ ٹرین (bullet train) کی اوسط رفتار کتنی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;112 km/h&quot;, &quot;300 km/h&quot;, &quot;500 km/h&quot;, &quot;1000 km/h&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]500 km/h[/red] is correct because modern high-speed Japanese bullet trains can achieve operating speeds up to [blue]500 km/h[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]500 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ (500 km/h)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جاپان کی بلٹ ٹرین کی اوسط رفتار [blue]500 km/h[/blue] تک پہنچتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the average speed of the fastest ant, the Saharan Silver Ant?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دنیا کی سب سے تیز چیونٹی یعنی صحارن سلور اینٹ (Saharan Silver Ant) کی اوسط رفتار کتنی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;1.0 km/h&quot;, &quot;3.1 km/h&quot;, &quot;10.0 km/h&quot;, &quot;25.0 km/h&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]3.1 km/h[/red] is correct because the Saharan Silver Ant reaches top running speeds of [blue]3.1 km/h[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]3.1 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ (3.1 km/h)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ صحارن سلور اینٹ نامی چیونٹی کی رفتار [blue]3.1 km/h[/blue] ماپی گئی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What maximum speed can a space rocket hit when launching into space?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک خلائی راکٹ (space rocket) خلا کی طرف جاتے ہوئے کتنی رفتار حاصل کر سکتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;500 km/h&quot;, &quot;1,000 km/h&quot;, &quot;40,000 km/h&quot;, &quot;100,000 km/h&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]40,000 km/h[/red] is correct because escaping Earth&#39;s gravitational pull requires space rockets to hit [blue]speeds around 40,000 km/h[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]40,000 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ (40,000 km/h)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ خلائی راکٹ خلا میں جاتے وقت [blue]40,000 km/h[/blue] کی رفتار حاصل کرتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Speed Animals&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the recorded top speed of a garden snail in miles per hour (mph)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک گھونگھے (snail) کی رینگنے کی رفتار کتنی میل فی گھنٹہ (mph) ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;0.00758 mph&quot;, &quot;1.50000 mph&quot;, &quot;5.00000 mph&quot;, &quot;0.50000 mph&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]0.00758 mph[/red] is correct because garden snails crawl extremely slowly at [blue]approximately 0.00758 mph[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]0.00758 میل فی گھنٹہ (0.00758 mph)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گھونگھے کی اوسط رفتار صرف [blue]0.00758 mph[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the running speed of an elephant measured in miles per hour (mph)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک ہاتھی (elephant) کے دوڑنے کی رفتار کتنی میل فی گھنٹہ (mph) ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;5 mph&quot;, &quot;20 mph&quot;, &quot;40 mph&quot;, &quot;70 mph&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]20 mph[/red] is correct because an elephant can charge and run at speeds of [blue]about 20 mph[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]20 میل فی گھنٹہ (20 mph)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہاتھی کے دوڑنے کی رفتار تقریباً [blue]20 mph[/blue] تک ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the average running speed of a cat in miles per hour (mph)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک بلی (cat) کے دوڑنے کی اوسط رفتار کتنی میل فی گھنٹہ (mph) ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;10.00 mph&quot;, &quot;25.35 mph&quot;, &quot;50.00 mph&quot;, &quot;70.00 mph&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]25.35 mph[/red] is correct because a domestic cat can sprint at speeds reaching [blue]25.35 miles per hour[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]25.35 میل فی گھنٹہ (25.35 mph)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایک بلی کے دوڑنے کی اوسط رفتار [blue]25.35 mph[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the peak running speed of Usain Bolt measured in miles per hour (mph)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;یوسین بولٹ (Usain Bolt) کے دوڑنے کی رفتار کتنی میل فی گھنٹہ (mph) ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;15 mph&quot;, &quot;29 mph&quot;, &quot;40 mph&quot;, &quot;50 mph&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]29 mph[/red] is correct because Usain Bolt reached a peak sprinting speed of [blue]29 mph during his world record race[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]29 میل فی گھنٹہ (29 mph)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ یوسین بولٹ کی دوڑنے کی انتہائی رفتار [blue]29 mph[/blue] تک پہنچ جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the running speed of a Greyhound dog in miles per hour (mph)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک گرے ہاؤنڈ کتے (Greyhound) کی دوڑنے کی رفتار کتنی میل فی گھنٹہ (mph) ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;20 mph&quot;, &quot;40 mph&quot;, &quot;60 mph&quot;, &quot;80 mph&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]40 mph[/red] is correct because Greyhound racing dogs can achieve speeds of [blue]40 miles per hour[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]40 میل فی گھنٹہ (40 mph)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گرے ہاؤنڈ نسل کا کتا [blue]40 mph[/blue] کی تیز رفتاری سے دوڑ سکتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the average speed of a professional racehorse in miles per hour (mph)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک ریس کے گھوڑے (racehorse) کی اوسط رفتار کتنی میل فی گھنٹہ (mph) ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;20.00 mph&quot;, &quot;43.30 mph&quot;, &quot;70.00 mph&quot;, &quot;100.00 mph&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]43.30 mph[/red] is correct because thoroughbred racehorses average speeds around [blue]43.30 miles per hour[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]43.30 میل فی گھنٹہ (43.30 mph)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ریس کے گھوڑے کی اوسط رفتار [blue]43.30 mph[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the running speed of an Impala (antelope) in miles per hour (mph)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک امپالا (Impala - افریقی ہرن) کی دوڑنے کی رفتار کتنی میل فی گھنٹہ (mph) ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;25.00 mph&quot;, &quot;50.60 mph&quot;, &quot;75.00 mph&quot;, &quot;10.00 mph&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]50.60 mph[/red] is correct because an Impala antelope can sprint at speeds up to [blue]50.60 miles per hour[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]50.60 میل فی گھنٹہ (50.60 mph)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ امپالا ہرن کی دوڑنے کی رفتار [blue]50.60 mph[/blue] تک پہنچتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the top running speed of a Cheetah measured in miles per hour (mph)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چیتے (Cheetah) کی دوڑنے کی رفتار کتنی میل فی گھنٹہ (mph) بتائی گئی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;40 mph&quot;, &quot;70 mph&quot;, &quot;100 mph&quot;, &quot;120 mph&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]70 mph[/red] is correct because in imperial units, a cheetah&#39;s top sprint reaches [blue]70 miles per hour (approx. 112 km/h)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]70 میل فی گھنٹہ (70 mph)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چیتے کی تیز ترین رفتار [blue]70 mph[/blue] تک ماپی گئی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Speed&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What physical quantity describes how fast an object is moving?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کون سی طبعی مقدار یہ بتاتی ہے کہ کوئی جسم کتنی تیزی سے حرکت کر رہا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mass&quot;, &quot;Speed&quot;, &quot;Density&quot;, &quot;Volume&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Speed[/red] is correct because speed is defined in physics as the rate describing [blue]how fast an object travels[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اسپیڈ یعنی رفتار (Speed)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اسپیڈ وہ طبعی مقدار ہے جو کسی جسم کی [blue]تیزی یا رفتار[/blue] کو ظاہر کرتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If a car and a cyclist start moving together, why does the car cover a larger distance in the same time?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر ایک کار اور سائیکل سوار ایک ساتھ حرکت شروع کریں، تو کار اتنے ہی وقت میں زیادہ فاصلہ کیوں طے کرتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because the car has greater speed&quot;, &quot;Because the car is much heavier&quot;, &quot;Because the cyclist is moving faster&quot;, &quot;Because of ambient air temperature&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because the car has greater speed[/red] is correct because an object with [blue]higher speed covers more distance in equal time[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ کار کی رفتار زیادہ ہوتی ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کار کی [blue]اسپیڈ زیادہ ہونے کی وجہ سے[/blue] وہ اتنے ہی وقت میں زیادہ فاصلہ طے کرتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Compared to slower moving objects, what do faster objects cover in the same amount of time?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سست اشیاء کے مقابلے میں، تیز رفتار اشیاء اتنے ہی وقت میں کیا کرتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Cover a smaller distance&quot;, &quot;Cover a greater distance&quot;, &quot;Stop moving completely&quot;, &quot;Reverse their direction instantly&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Cover a greater distance[/red] is correct because speed is directly proportional to [blue]distance covered over a given time[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زیادہ فاصلہ طے کرتی ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ تیز رفتار اشیاء ایک ہی وقت کے اندر [blue]زیادہ فاصلہ (greater distance)[/blue] طے کرتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If a rocket travels at a speed of 40,000 km/h, how much distance does it cover in 1 hour?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر ایک راکٹ 40,000 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ کی رفتار سے سفر کرے، تو وہ ایک گھنٹے میں کتنا فاصلہ طے کرے گا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;1,000 km&quot;, &quot;40,000 km&quot;, &quot;100,000 km&quot;, &quot;500 km&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]40,000 km[/red] is correct because a speed of 40,000 km/h means [blue]40,000 kilometers are traveled per hour[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]40,000 کلومیٹر[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 40,000 km/h کی رفتار کا مطلب [blue]ایک گھنٹے میں 40,000 کلومیٹر کا فاصلہ[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What two fundamental quantities are needed to measure the speed of an object?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی جسم کی اسپیڈ (رفتار) معلوم کرنے کے لیے کن دو بنیادی چیزوں کا پتہ ہونا ضروری ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Distance&quot;, &quot;Time&quot;, &quot;Color of the object&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because calculating speed requires knowing the [blue]distance traveled and the time taken[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ رفتار معلوم کرنے کے لیے [blue]طے کردہ فاصلہ (Distance) اور وقت (Time)[/blue] دونوں درکار ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the distance covered by a moving object in unit time called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اکائی وقت (unit time) میں کسی جسم کے طے کردہ فاصلے کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mass&quot;, &quot;Speed&quot;, &quot;Volume&quot;, &quot;Weight&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Speed[/red] is correct because speed is defined scientifically as [blue]distance divided by unit time[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اسپیڈ (Speed)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اکائی وقت میں طے کیے گئے فاصلے کو [blue]اسپیڈ یا رفتار[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the mathematical formula for calculating speed?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اسپیڈ (رفتار) معلوم کرنے کا ریاضیاتی فارمولا کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Speed = Distance x Time&quot;, &quot;Speed = Distance / Time&quot;, &quot;Speed = Time / Distance&quot;, &quot;Speed = Distance + Time&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Speed = Distance / Time[/red] is correct because speed equals the [blue]ratio of distance traveled to the time elapsed[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]Speed = Distance / Time[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ رفتار معلوم کرنے کے لیے [blue]فاصلے کو وقت پر تقسیم[/blue] کیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In the symbolic formula v = S / T, what do &#39;v&#39;, &#39;S&#39;, and &#39;T&#39; represent respectively?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فارمولے v = S / T میں &#39;v&#39;، &#39;S&#39; اور &#39;T&#39; بالترتیب کس کو ظاہر کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;v=Volume, S=Speed, T=Temperature&quot;, &quot;v=Speed, S=Distance, T=Time&quot;, &quot;v=Velocity, S=Size, T=Total&quot;, &quot;v=Voltage, S=Surface, T=Time&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]v=Speed, S=Distance, T=Time[/red] is correct because &#39;v&#39; represents speed, &#39;S&#39; denotes [blue]distance covered, and &#39;T&#39; stands for time[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]v=اسپیڈ، S=فاصلہ، T=وقت[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اس فارمولے میں &#39;v&#39; اسپیڈ، &#39;S&#39; فاصلے اور &#39;T&#39; وقت کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the official International System (SI) unit of speed?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اسپیڈ (رفتار) کا بنیادی بین الاقوامی ایس آئی (SI) یونٹ کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Kilometer per hour (km/h)&quot;, &quot;Meter per second (m/s)&quot;, &quot;Miles per hour (mi/h)&quot;, &quot;Centimeter per minute&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Meter per second (m/s)[/red] is correct because the SI base unit for distance is meter and time is second, giving [blue]m/s[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]میٹر فی سیکنڈ (m/s)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایس آئی سسٹم میں رفتار کی معیاری اکائی [blue]میٹر فی سیکنڈ[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following are larger non-SI units used for measuring speed?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اسپیڈ کی پیمائش کے لیے استعمال ہونے والے بڑے یونٹس (bigger units) کون سے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Kilometer per hour (km/h)&quot;, &quot;Miles per hour (mi/h)&quot;, &quot;Grams per liter&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because kilometers per hour (km/h) and miles per hour (mi/h) are widely used [blue]larger units for vehicular speeds[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گاڑیوں کی رفتار ناپنے کے لیے [blue]km/h اور mi/h[/blue] جیسے بڑے یونٹس استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When an object moves over a duration of time with varying speed, what do we calculate?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب کوئی جسم کچھ وقت کے لیے سفر کرے، تو ہم اس کی مجموعی طور پر کون سی اسپیڈ کا حساب لگاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Instant speed&quot;, &quot;Average speed&quot;, &quot;Maximum mass&quot;, &quot;Zero distance&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Average speed[/red] is correct because variable speeds over a journey are represented by calculating [blue]average speed[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اوسط رفتار (Average speed)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سفر کے دوران رفتار بدلتی رہے تو مجموعی حساب کے لیے [blue]اوسط رفتار[/blue] نکالی جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the formula for calculating average speed?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اوسط رفتار (Average Speed) معلوم کرنے کا فارمولا کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Average Speed = Total Distance / Total Time&quot;, &quot;Average Speed = Total Distance x Total Time&quot;, &quot;Average Speed = Total Time / Total Distance&quot;, &quot;Average Speed = Distance + Time&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Average Speed = Total Distance / Total Time[/red] is correct because average speed is defined as [blue]total distance divided by total elapsed time[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]Average Speed = Total Distance / Total Time[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اوسط رفتار معلوم کرنے کے لیے [blue]کل فاصلے کو کل وقت پر تقسیم[/blue] کیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Information&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does the abbreviation \&quot;SI units\&quot; stand for?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;\&quot;SI یونٹس\&quot; (SI units) کا مخفف کس کو ظاہر کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Standard Indian units&quot;, &quot;International System of Units&quot;, &quot;Scientific Internal units&quot;, &quot;System of Incline units&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]International System of Units[/red] is correct because SI stands for the globally adopted [blue]Système International / International System of Units[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]انٹرنیشنل سسٹم آف یونٹس (International System of Units)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ SI کا مخفف [blue]عالمی نظام برائے پیمائش[/blue] کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Historically before SI units, what unit was used to measure length in America?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایس آئی یونٹس کی آمد سے پہلے امریکہ میں لمبائی کس اکائی میں ناپی جاتی تھی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Guz&quot;, &quot;Meter&quot;, &quot;Foot&quot;, &quot;Yard&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Meter[/red] is correct according to the provided text which notes meter usage in historical comparisons for America.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]میٹر (Meter)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فراہم کردہ سبق کے مطابق امریکہ میں لمبائی ناپنے کے لیے میٹر کی اکائی استعمال ہوتی تھی۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Historically, what unit was used to measure length in England?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایس آئی یونٹس سے پہلے انگلینڈ میں لمبائی کس اکائی میں ناپی جاتی تھی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Meter&quot;, &quot;Foot&quot;, &quot;Guz&quot;, &quot;Kilometer&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Foot[/red] is correct because England traditionally used imperial measurement units like the [blue]foot[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]فٹ (Foot)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ انگلینڈ میں روایتی طور پر لمبائی کی پیمائش [blue]فٹ[/blue] میں کی جاتی تھی۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What unit was traditionally used to measure length in Pakistan and India?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پاکستان اور بھارت میں روایتی طور پر لمبائی کی پیمائش کے لیے کون سا یونٹ استعمال ہوتا تھا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Meter&quot;, &quot;Guz&quot;, &quot;Foot&quot;, &quot;Mile&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Guz[/red] is correct because the traditional regional unit for measuring length in the subcontinent was the [blue]guz[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گز (Guz)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پاکستان اور بھارت میں روایتی طور پر لمبائی ناپنے کے لیے [blue]گز[/blue] کا استعمال ہوتا تھا۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Before SI units were introduced, what was the primary problem with physical measurements globally?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایس آئی یونٹس کی آمد سے پہلے طبعی پیمائشوں میں بنیادی عالمی مسئلہ کیا تھا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Same quantity had different units in different parts of the world&quot;, &quot;Measurements were completely illegal&quot;, &quot;Measurement tools were too cheap&quot;, &quot;Units were only allowed in solid gold&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Same quantity had different units in different parts of the world[/red] is correct because lack of uniformity [blue]created confusion in trade and science[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک ہی مقدار کی دنیا کے مختلف حصوں میں الگ الگ اکائیاں تھیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ یکسانیت نہ ہونے سے [blue]سائنسی اور تجارتی مسائل[/blue] پیدا ہوتے تھے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why was a unanimous, worldwide system of units demanded by scientists and businesses?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پوری دنیا کے لیے ایک متفقہ نظامِ پیمائش (unanimous system) کی ضرورت کیوں پیش آئی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because scientists stopped working completely&quot;, &quot;Because using different units made trade and science difficult&quot;, &quot;To increase trade taxes globally&quot;, &quot;To reduce science textbook sizes&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because using different units made trade and science difficult[/red] is correct because international standardization was needed to [blue]facilitate scientific data sharing and trade[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ مختلف اکائیوں کی وجہ سے تجارت اور سائنس مشکل ہو رہی تھی[/red] درست ہے تاکہ [blue]عالمی تعاون اور پیمائش میں آسانی[/blue] پیدا ہو۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In which city and year did scientists approve the International System of Units (SI units)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سائنسدانوں نے کس شہر میں اور کس سال بین الاقوامی ایس آئی یونٹس (SI units) کے نظام کی منظوری دی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;London in 1950&quot;, &quot;Paris in 1960&quot;, &quot;Washington in 1970&quot;, &quot;Tokyo in 1980&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Paris in 1960[/red] is correct because the 11th General Conference on Weights and Measures adopted SI units in [blue]Paris in 1960[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پیرس میں 1960 (Paris in 1960)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 1960 میں فرانس کے شہر پیرس کی کانفرنس میں [blue]SI نظام کی باقاعدہ منظوری[/blue] دی گئی۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If you cover 180 km in the first part and 120 km in the remaining part of a journey, what is the total distance covered?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر آپ سفر کے پہلے حصے میں 180 کلومیٹر اور بقیہ حصے میں 120 کلومیٹر فاصلہ طے کریں، تو کل طے کردہ فاصلہ کتنا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;180 km&quot;, &quot;200 km&quot;, &quot;300 km&quot;, &quot;400 km&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]300 km[/red] is correct because adding both stages yields [blue]180 km + 120 km = 300 km[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]300 کلومیٹر[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کل فاصلہ نکالنے کے لیے دونوں فاصلوں کو جمع کیا جائے گا: [blue]180 + 120 = 300 km[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In the sample journey from Islamabad to the village covering 300 km, what was the total time taken?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اسلام آباد سے گاؤں تک 300 کلومیٹر کا کل سفر مکمل کرنے کے لیے کتنا وقت درکار تھا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;1 hour&quot;, &quot;3 hours&quot;, &quot;5 hours&quot;, &quot;10 hours&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]3 hours[/red] is correct according to the provided sample journey statement where the journey took [blue]3 hours[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]3 گھنٹے (3 hours)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سوال کے مطابق 300 کلومیٹر کا سفر طے کرنے میں [blue]کل 3 گھنٹے[/blue] لگے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the average speed if a vehicle covers a total distance of 300 km in a total time of 3 hours?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر ایک گاڑی 3 گھنٹے کے کل وقت میں 300 کلومیٹر کا فاصلہ طے کرے، تو اس کی اوسط رفتار (average speed) کیا ہوگی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;50 km/h&quot;, &quot;80 km/h&quot;, &quot;100 km/h&quot;, &quot;300 km/h&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]100 km/h[/red] is correct because Average Speed = [blue]300 km / 3 h = 100 km/h[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]100 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ (100 km/h)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کل فاصلے کو کل وقت پر تقسیم کرنے سے جواب [blue]300 / 3 = 100 km/h[/blue] آتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Conversion Formulae&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many meters are there in 1 kilometer (1 km)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;1 کلومیٹر (1 km) میں کتنے میٹر پائے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;10 m&quot;, &quot;100 m&quot;, &quot;1000 m&quot;, &quot;10,000 m&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]1000 m[/red] is correct because by metric definition [blue]1 kilometer = 1000 meters[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]1000 میٹر (1000 m)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بنیادی پیمائش کے مطابق [blue]1 کلومیٹر میں 1000 میٹر[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many total seconds are there in 1 hour (1 h)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;1 گھنٹے (1 h) کے وقت میں کل کتنے سیکنڈز ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;60 s&quot;, &quot;600 s&quot;, &quot;3600 s&quot;, &quot;86400 s&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]3600 s[/red] is correct because 1 hour = [blue]60 minutes x 60 seconds = 3600 seconds[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]3600 سیکنڈز (3600 s)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 1 گھنٹے میں 60 منٹ اور ہر منٹ میں 60 سیکنڈ ہونے سے کل [blue]3600 سیکنڈز[/blue] بنتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;To convert speed from kilometers per hour (km/h) to meters per second (m/s), you multiply by which fraction?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اسپیڈ کو کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ (km/h) سے میٹر فی سیکنڈ (m/s) میں تبدیل کرنے کے لیے کس کسر (fraction) سے ضرب دی جاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;18/5&quot;, &quot;5/18&quot;, &quot;10/60&quot;, &quot;60/100&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]5/18[/red] is correct because 1000 m / 3600 s simplifies to multiplying by the fraction [blue]5/18[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]5/18[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ km/h کو m/s میں بدلنے کے لیے رقم کو [blue]5/18 کی کسر[/blue] سے ضرب دی جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;To convert speed from meters per second (m/s) to kilometers per hour (km/h), you multiply by which fraction?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اسپیڈ کو میٹر فی سیکنڈ (m/s) سے کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ (km/h) میں تبدیل کرنے کے لیے کس کسر سے ضرب دی جاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;5/18&quot;, &quot;18/5&quot;, &quot;1/1000&quot;, &quot;3600/100&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]18/5[/red] is correct because converting m/s to km/h requires multiplying by the reciprocal fraction [blue]18/5[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]18/5[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ m/s کو km/h میں تبدیل کرنے کے لیے رقم کو [blue]18/5 کی کسر[/blue] سے ضرب دیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Do You Know?&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which dashboard instrument in a car measures its speed at any given instant of time (instantaneous speed)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گاڑی کے ڈیش بورڈ پر موجود کون سا آلہ کسی بھی خاص لمحے کی رفتار (instantaneous speed) کی پیمائش کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Thermometer&quot;, &quot;Speedometer&quot;, &quot;Odometer&quot;, &quot;Barometer&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Speedometer[/red] is correct because the [blue]speedometer indicates instantaneous speed[/blue] in real time.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اسپیڈومیٹر (Speedometer)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گاڑی کا اسپیڈومیٹر ہر لمحے کی [blue]فوری رفتار (instantaneous speed)[/blue] بتاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why does the reading displayed on a car&#39;s speedometer change from time to time during a journey?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گاڑی کے اسپیڈومیٹر پر دکھائی دینے والی رفتار وقت کے ساتھ مسلسل کیوں بدلتی رہتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because the battery is weak&quot;, &quot;Because instantaneous speed varies during driving&quot;, &quot;Because the car weight changes&quot;, &quot;Because of external air pressure&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because instantaneous speed varies during driving[/red] is correct because acceleration, braking, and traffic cause [blue]speed to fluctuate constantly[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ ڈرائیونگ کے دوران لمحاتی رفتار بدلتی رہتی ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ رفتار تیز یا آہستہ ہونے سے [blue]اسپیڈومیٹر کی ریڈنگ بدلتی رہتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which device installed in a car measures the total distance covered by the vehicle?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گاڑی میں لگا کون سا آلہ طے کردہ کل فاصلے (distance covered) کو ناپتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Speedometer&quot;, &quot;Odometer&quot;, &quot;Thermometer&quot;, &quot;Voltmeter&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Odometer[/red] is correct because the [blue]odometer records the cumulative total distance[/blue] traveled by a vehicle.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اڈومیٹر (Odometer)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گاڑی میں طے کردہ کل فاصلے کی پیمائش [blue]اڈومیٹر[/blue] کے ذریعے کی جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does a tachometer measure in an engine or motor vehicle?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ٹیکومیٹر (Tachometer) کسی انجن یا گاڑی میں کس چیز کی پیمائش کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Temperature in Celsius&quot;, &quot;Rotation speed (RPM)&quot;, &quot;Total distance in meters&quot;, &quot;Fuel level in liters&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Rotation speed (RPM)[/red] is correct because a tachometer measures the [blue]rotational speed of an engine in revolutions per minute (RPM)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گردش کی رفتار (RPM)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹیکومیٹر انجن کے گھومنے کی رفتار یعنی [blue]چکر فی منٹ (RPM)[/blue] کو ناپتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A cyclist travels 20 km east and 10 km north. What is the total distance covered by the cyclist?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک سائیکل سوار مشرق کی طرف 20 کلومیٹر اور شمال کی طرف 10 کلومیٹر سفر کرتا ہے۔ اس کا طے کردہ کل فاصلہ کتنا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;10 km&quot;, &quot;20 km&quot;, &quot;30 km&quot;, &quot;40 km&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]30 km[/red] is correct because total distance is simply the scalar sum of all paths traveled: [blue]20 km + 10 km = 30 km[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]30 کلومیٹر[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کل فاصلہ تمام راستوں کا مجموعہ ہوتا ہے: [blue]20 + 10 = 30 km[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The cyclist takes 1 hour for the first leg and 30 minutes for the second leg. What is the total time in hours?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سائیکل سوار سفر کے پہلے حصے کے لیے 1 گھنٹہ اور دوسرے حصے کے لیے 30 منٹ لیتا ہے۔ گھنٹوں (hours) میں کل وقت کتنا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;0.5 hours&quot;, &quot;1.0 hour&quot;, &quot;1.5 hours&quot;, &quot;2.0 hours&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]1.5 hours[/red] is correct because converting 30 minutes to 0.5 hours gives [blue]1 h + 0.5 h = 1.5 hours[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]1.5 گھنٹے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 30 منٹ آدھے گھنٹے (0.5 h) کے برابر ہوتے ہیں، لہٰذا کل وقت [blue]1 + 0.5 = 1.5 گھنٹے[/blue] بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If the cyclist covers a total distance of 30 km in 1.5 hours, what is his average speed in km/h?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر سائیکل سوار 1.5 گھنٹے کے کل وقت میں 30 کلومیٹر کا فاصلہ طے کرے، تو اس کی اوسط رفتار (average speed) کیا ہوگی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;10 km/h&quot;, &quot;15 km/h&quot;, &quot;20 km/h&quot;, &quot;30 km/h&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]20 km/h[/red] is correct because Average Speed = [blue]30 km / 1.5 h = 20 km/h[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]20 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ (20 km/h)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کل فاصلے کو کل وقت پر تقسیم کرنے سے جواب [blue]30 / 1.5 = 20 km/h[/blue] نکلتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Distance – Time Graphs&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a diagram that represents the relationship between two or more physical quantities called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ خاکہ (diagram) جو دو یا دو سے زیادہ طبعی مقداروں کے مابین تعلق کو ظاہر کرتا ہے، کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mathematical formula&quot;, &quot;Graph&quot;, &quot;Data table&quot;, &quot;Chemical equation&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Graph[/red] is correct because a [blue]graph visually plots the relationship[/blue] between independent and dependent quantities.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گراف (Graph)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دو یا دو سے زیادہ مقداروں کے تعلق کو تصویری خاکے میں دکھانا [blue]گراف[/blue] کہلاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the point where the two perpendicular lines of a graph intersect called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گراف کی دو عمودی لائنیں جس نقطے پر ایک دوسرے کو کاٹتی ہیں، اسے کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Circle center&quot;, &quot;Origin&quot;, &quot;Vertical axis&quot;, &quot;Final endpoint&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Origin[/red] is correct because the coordinate reference intersection point (0,0) is called the [blue]origin[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مبدا یعنی اوریجن (Origin)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جہاں دونوں ایکسز آپس میں ملتے ہیں اس نقطے کو [blue]اوریجن (مبدا)[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In a standard graph, what are the horizontal and vertical lines called respectively?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گراف میں افقی (horizontal) اور عمودی (vertical) لائنوں کو بالترتیب کیا کہا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Horizontal line is x-axis&quot;, &quot;Vertical line is y-axis&quot;, &quot;Horizontal line is y-axis&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because the horizontal axis is designated as the [blue]x-axis and the vertical axis as the y-axis[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ افقی لائن کو [blue]x-axis[/blue] اور عمودی لائن کو [blue]y-axis[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In a distance-time graph, along which axes are distance and time plotted respectively?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ڈسٹنس-ٹائم گراف (distance-time graph) میں فاصلہ اور وقت بالترتیب کن ایکسز پر لیے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Distance along y-axis&quot;, &quot;Time along x-axis&quot;, &quot;Time along y-axis&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because by scientific convention [blue]distance is on the y-axis and time is on the x-axis[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فاصلے کو [blue]y-axis[/blue] پر اور وقت کو [blue]x-axis[/blue] پر ظاہر کیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When an object is at rest, what is the value of its speed?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب کوئی جسم حالتِ سکون (at rest) میں ہو، تو اس کی اسپیڈ (رفتار) کی قیمت کتنی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Constant high speed&quot;, &quot;Zero&quot;, &quot;Infinite&quot;, &quot;100 m/s&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Zero[/red] is correct because an object at rest covers 0 distance over time, meaning its [blue]speed is exactly zero[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]صفر (Zero)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ حالتِ سکون میں جسم کوئی فاصلہ طے نہیں کرتا، لہٰذا اس کی رفتار [blue]صفر[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Based on the provided data, how much distance does the car cover in every 1 second interval?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دیے گئے ڈیٹا کے مطابق، کار ہر 1 سیکنڈ کے وقت میں کتنا فاصلہ طے کرتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;5 meters&quot;, &quot;10 meters&quot;, &quot;20 meters&quot;, &quot;50 meters&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]10 meters[/red] is correct because the uniform data shows distance increasing by [blue]10 meters every second[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]10 میٹر (10 meters)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دیے گئے ڈیٹا کے مطابق کار ہر سیکنڈ میں [blue]10 میٹر کا مستقل فاصلہ[/blue] طے کرتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When an object covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, what type of speed does it have?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب کوئی جسم برابر وقت کے وقفوں میں برابر فاصلہ طے کرے، تو اس کی رفتار کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Variable speed&quot;, &quot;Uniform or constant speed&quot;, &quot;Zero speed&quot;, &quot;Negative speed&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Uniform or constant speed[/red] is correct because covering equal distance per equal time unit defines [blue]uniform (constant) speed[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یونافارم یا کانسٹنٹ اسپیڈ (Uniform/Constant speed)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ برابر وقت میں برابر فاصلہ طے کرنا [blue]یکساں رفتار[/blue] کہلاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If a car is moving at a uniform, constant speed, what is true about its motion?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر کوئی کار ایک یکساں (constant) اسپیڈ سے چل رہی ہو، تو اس کی رفتار میں کیا تبدیلی آتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;It is continuously speeding up&quot;, &quot;It is continuously slowing down&quot;, &quot;It is neither speeding up nor slowing down&quot;, &quot;It stops completely&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]It is neither speeding up nor slowing down[/red] is correct because constant speed implies [blue]zero acceleration/deceleration[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ نہ تو تیز ہو رہی ہوتی ہے اور نہ ہی آہستہ[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مستقل رفتار کا مطلب ہے کہ [blue]رفتار میں کوئی تبدیلی نہیں آ رہی[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the graphical shape of a distance-time graph for an object moving with a uniform speed?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک یکساں (uniform) رفتار سے چلنے والے جسم کا ڈسٹنس-ٹائم گراف کیسا بنتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;A straight sloped line&quot;, &quot;A curved wavy line&quot;, &quot;A vertical line only&quot;, &quot;A random zigzag line&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]A straight sloped line[/red] is correct because linear rate of distance increase against time yields a [blue]straight sloped line[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک سیدھی ڈھلوان لائن (A straight sloped line)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ یکساں رفتار کا ڈسٹنس-ٹائم گراف ہمیشہ [blue]ایک سیدھی لائن[/blue] بناتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Force&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What do we apply on a shopping trolley when we push it inside a store?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب ہم مال میں شاپنگ ٹرالی کو آگے دھکا (push) دیتے ہیں، تو ہم اس پر کیا لگاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Heat energy&quot;, &quot;Force&quot;, &quot;Temperature&quot;, &quot;Sound&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Force[/red] is correct because pushing an object to cause movement is an application of mechanical [blue]force[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]فورس یعنی قوت (Force)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹرالی کو آگے دھکیلنے اور چلانے کے لیے ہم اس پر [blue]فورس لگاتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Tightening a knot by pulling a string is an example of applying what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گرہ کو کسنے کے لیے ڈوری کو اپنی طرف کھینچنا (pull) کس کی ایک عام مثال ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Force&quot;, &quot;Density&quot;, &quot;Speed&quot;, &quot;Atomic mass&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Force[/red] is correct because pulling involves applying tensile [blue]force[/blue] on the string.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]فورس (Force)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ڈوری کو کھینچنا دراصل اس پر [blue]کھنچاؤ کی فورس لگانے کی مثال[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In a football match, force is applied to the ball during which actions?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فٹ بال کے کھیل کے دوران، فٹ بال پر فورس (قوت) کا استعمال کن عملوں میں ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;When a player kicks the ball into the goal&quot;, &quot;When the goalkeeper stops the ball with hands&quot;, &quot;When the ball sits completely untouched&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because force is applied both to [blue]accelerate the ball by kicking and to decelerate it by catching[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بال کو کک مارنے اور گول کیپر کے روکنے دونوں صورتوں میں [blue]فورس عمل کرتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does the engine apply to make a car speed up when the driver pushes the accelerator?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب ڈرائیور گاڑی کی رفتار تیز کرنے کے لیے ایکسیلیریٹر دباتا ہے، تو انجن کار پر کیا لگاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Force&quot;, &quot;Braking resistance&quot;, &quot;Cold air pressure&quot;, &quot;Sound waves&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Force[/red] is correct because pressing the accelerator causes the engine to exert a [blue]forward driving force[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]فورس (Force)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ انجن گاڑی کو تیز کرنے کے لیے اس کے پہیوں پر [blue]آگے بڑھانے والی فورس[/blue] لگاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How do applying brakes physically slow down a moving car?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;بریک لگانے سے چلتی ہوئی گاڑی طبعی طور پر کیسے آہستہ ہو جاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;By applying a retarding force against motion&quot;, &quot;By increasing the engine fuel&quot;, &quot;By turning off the lights&quot;, &quot;By melting the tires&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]By applying a retarding force against motion[/red] is correct because brakes generate [blue]frictional retarding force opposing wheel motion[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]حرکت کے مخالف ایک رکاوٹی فورس لگا کر[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بریک پہیوں کی حرکت کے مخالف [blue]رگڑ کی فورس (retarding force)[/blue] پیدا کرتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Definition Of Force&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is force fundamentally defined as in physics?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فورس (قوت) کو بنیادی طور پر فزکس میں کس طرح بیان کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;A chemical change only&quot;, &quot;An agent that pulls or pushes an object&quot;, &quot;The temperature of a solid&quot;, &quot;The total mass of protons inside the nucleus&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]An agent that pulls or pushes an object[/red] is correct because fundamental force is defined as a [blue]push or pull acting on a body[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]وہ ذریعہ جو کسی جسم کو کھینچتا یا دھکیلتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فورس کی تعریف [blue]کھنچاؤ (pull) یا دھکا (push)[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How can an applied force alter the physical state of a body?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی جسم پر لگائی جانے والی فورس اس کی طبعی حالت کو کیسے بدل سکتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Bring a body at rest into motion&quot;, &quot;Bring a moving body to a complete rest&quot;, &quot;It cannot affect rest or motion&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because force can [blue]start motion in a stationary object and stop a moving object[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فورس ساکن جسم کو حرکت میں لا سکتی ہے اور [blue]حرکت کرتے جسم کو روک سکتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What effect can applying a force have on the speed of a moving object?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی متحرک جسم پر فورس لگانے سے اس کی رفتار (speed) پر کیا اثر پڑ سکتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;It can speed up the object&quot;, &quot;It can slow down the object&quot;, &quot;It turns the object into liquid&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because force can either [blue]accelerate (speed up) or decelerate (slow down)[/blue] an object depending on direction.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فورس لگانے سے کسی جسم کی رفتار [blue]تیز یا آہستہ[/blue] کی جا سکتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Besides changing speed, what else can a force change regarding an object&#39;s travel?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;رفتار بدلنے کے علاوہ، فورس کسی چلتے ہوئے جسم کے راستے میں کیا تبدیل کر سکتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Its direction of motion&quot;, &quot;Its atomic symbol&quot;, &quot;Its total proton count&quot;, &quot;Its chemical element name&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Its direction of motion[/red] is correct because a force applied at an angle changes the [blue]direction of a moving body[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]حرکت کی سمت (Its direction of motion)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فورس لگا کر کسی متحرک جسم کے [blue]راستے کی سمت تبدیل[/blue] کی جا سکتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What structural changes can an applied force cause in a physical object?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فورس لگانے سے کسی مادی چیز میں کون سی طبعی تبدیلیاں پیدا ہو سکتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Change in shape&quot;, &quot;Change in size&quot;, &quot;Change in atomic number&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because deforming forces can change both the [blue]shape and size (dimensions)[/blue] of an object.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فورس لگانے سے کسی چیز کی [blue]شکل (shape) اور سائز (size)[/blue] دونوں تبدیل ہو سکتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Unit Of Force&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The unit of force is named after which famous scientist?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فورس (قوت) کی اکائی کا نام کس مشہور سائنسدان کے نام پر رکھا گیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Albert Einstein&quot;, &quot;Sir Isaac Newton&quot;, &quot;Niels Bohr&quot;, &quot;John Dalton&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Sir Isaac Newton[/red] is correct because the SI unit of force is named the newton in honour of [blue]Sir Isaac Newton[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سر آئزک نیوٹن (Sir Isaac Newton)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ قوت کی اکائی کا نام مشہور سائنسدان [blue]سر آئزک نیوٹن[/blue] کے نام پر رکھا گیا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the official SI unit of force?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فورس (قوت) کا بنیادی ایس آئی (SI) یونٹ کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Joule&quot;, &quot;Newton&quot;, &quot;Watt&quot;, &quot;Pascal&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Newton[/red] is correct because the standard International System (SI) unit of force is the [blue]newton[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نیوٹن (Newton)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایس آئی سسٹم میں قوت کی پیمائش کی بنیادی اکائی [blue]نیوٹن[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which symbol is used to represent the unit newton?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نیوٹن (newton) یونٹ کو ظاہر کرنے کے لیے کون سا انگریزی علامت استعمال کی جاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;F&quot;, &quot;N&quot;, &quot;W&quot;, &quot;J&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]N[/red] is correct because the SI unit newton is represented symbolically by the capital letter [blue]N[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]N[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نیوٹن کی اکائی کو ظاہر کرنے کے لیے انگریزی کے بڑے [blue]حرف N[/blue] کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If a force increases the speed of a 1 kg mass at the rate of 1 m/s every second, the force applied is equal to:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر کوئی فورس 1 کلوگرام ماس کے جسم کی رفتار میں ہر سیکنڈ 1 m/s کا اضافہ کرے، تو اس فورس کی قیمت کتنی ہوگی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;1 Newton (1N)&quot;, &quot;10 Newtons (10N)&quot;, &quot;100 Newtons (100N)&quot;, &quot;0 Newtons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]1 Newton (1N)[/red] is correct because by scientific definition: [blue]1 N = 1 kg × 1 m/s²[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]1 نیوٹن (1N)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 1 کلوگرام ماس کو 1 m/s² کی رفتار سے ایکسیلریٹ کرنے والی قوت [blue]1 نیوٹن[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why does a ball fall straight down when it is released in the air?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہوا میں چھوڑنے پر ایک بال (گیند) سیدھی نیچے کی طرف کیوں گرتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Due to air wind resistance&quot;, &quot;Due to gravity&quot;, &quot;Due to surface friction&quot;, &quot;Due to magnetic field&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Due to gravity[/red] is correct because Earth&#39;s downward [blue]gravitational attractive force pulls the ball to the ground[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گریویٹی کی وجہ سے (Due to gravity)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زمین کی [blue]کششِ ثقل (گریویٹی)[/blue] گیند کو سیدھا نیچے کی طرف کھینچتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When a footballer kicks a falling ball forward, how does this applied force affect the ball&#39;s motion?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب کوئی فٹ بالر نیچے گرتی ہوئی بال کو سامنے کی طرف کِک مارتا ہے، تو یہ فورس بال کی حرکت پر کیا اثر ڈالتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Stops the ball completely&quot;, &quot;Changes its direction almost perpendicularly&quot;, &quot;Increases its total mass&quot;, &quot;Freezes the ball instantly&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Changes its direction almost perpendicularly[/red] is correct because applying a horizontal impact force to a vertically falling ball [blue]changes its direction of motion at a right angle[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اس کی حرکت کی سمت کو عموداً موڑ دیتی ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کک مارنے سے لگنے والی افقی قوت گیند کے گرنے کی سمت کو [blue]مخالف یا عمودی رخ میں موڑ دیتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Contact Force&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a force that acts only when there is direct physical contact between two bodies called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ فورس جو صرف اسی وقت عمل کرتی ہے جب دو اجسام کے مابین براہِ راست جسمانی چھواؤ (physical contact) ہو، کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Non-contact force&quot;, &quot;Contact force&quot;, &quot;Gravitational force&quot;, &quot;Magnetic force&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Contact force[/red] is correct because forces requiring direct mechanical touching between objects are [blue]contact forces[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کانٹیکٹ فورس (Contact force)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دو اجسام کے باہمی چھواؤ یا رابطے کے دوران عمل کرنے والی فورس کو [blue]کانٹیکٹ فورس[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Kicking a football is classified as which type of force?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فٹ بال کو پاؤں سے کِک مارنا کس قسم کی فورس کی ایک عام مثال ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Non-contact force&quot;, &quot;Contact force&quot;, &quot;Magnetic attraction&quot;, &quot;Gravitational pull&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Contact force[/red] is correct because kicking requires [blue]physical contact between the foot and the ball[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کانٹیکٹ فورس (Contact force)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بال کو کک مارتے وقت پاؤں اور گیند کا [blue]براہ راست جسمانی رابطہ[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The air resistance pushing an opened parachute upward is classified as what type of force?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پیراشوٹ کھولنے پر ہوا کی مزاحمت کا اسے اوپر دھکیلنا کس قسم کی فورس کے زمرے میں آتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Contact force&quot;, &quot;Non-contact force&quot;, &quot;Gravitational pull&quot;, &quot;Electrostatic force&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Contact force[/red] is correct because air resistance relies on direct [blue]physical collisions between air particles and the parachute canopy[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کانٹیکٹ فورس (Contact force)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہوا کے مالیکیولز کا پیراشوٹ سے ٹکرانا [blue]براہ راست کانٹیکٹ فورس[/blue] کی مثال ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following are recognized examples of contact forces?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کون سے کانٹیکٹ فورسز (contact forces) کی واضح مثالیں ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Friction and air resistance&quot;, &quot;Muscular force and surface tension&quot;, &quot;Gravitational pull on a planet&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because friction, air drag, muscular forces, and surface tension all require [blue]physical contact[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ رگڑ، ہوا کی مزاحمت، مسکولر فورس اور سرفیس ٹینشن سب [blue]کانٹیکٹ فورسز[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Non-Contact Force&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a force that acts on an object without any direct physical contact called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ فورس جو کسی جسم پر بغیر کسی براہِ راست جسمانی چھواؤ (physical contact) کے عمل کرتی ہے، کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Contact force&quot;, &quot;Non-contact force&quot;, &quot;Frictional force&quot;, &quot;Air drag force&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Non-contact force[/red] is correct because field forces that act through a distance without physical touching are [blue]non-contact forces[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نان کانٹیکٹ فورس (Non-contact force)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بغیر چھوئے فاصلے سے عمل کرنے والی قوت [blue]نان کانٹیکٹ فورس[/blue] کہلاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following are recognized examples of non-contact forces?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کون سے نان کانٹیکٹ فورسز (non-contact forces) کی اہم مثالیں ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Gravitational force (weight of a body)&quot;, &quot;Magnetic force and electrostatic force&quot;, &quot;Surface friction on a road&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because gravity, magnetic force, and electrostatic forces all [blue]act across a distance without contact[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کششِ ثقل (گریویٹی)، میگنیٹک فورس اور الیکٹرو اسٹیٹک فورس سب [blue]نان کانٹیکٹ فورسز[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;From the given list, which of the following forces are classified as Contact Forces?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دی گئی فہرست میں سے کون سی فورسز کانٹیکٹ فورسز (Contact Forces) کے زمرے میں آتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Friction force and Normal force&quot;, &quot;Applied force, Drag force, and Spring force&quot;, &quot;Gravity force only&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because friction, normal, applied, drag, and spring forces all require [blue]direct surface contact to operate[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ رگڑ، نارمل فورس، اپلائیڈ فورس، ڈریگ فورس اور اسپرنگ فورس سب [blue]کانٹیکٹ فورسز[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;From the given list, which of the following forces are classified as Non-Contact Forces?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دی گئی فہرست میں سے کون سی فورسز نان کانٹیکٹ فورسز (Non-Contact Forces) کے زمرے میں آتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Gravity force&quot;, &quot;Electric force&quot;, &quot;Magnetic force&quot;, &quot;All of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]All of the above[/red] is correct because gravitational, electric, and magnetic fields exert forces [blue]without physical contact[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ تمام (All of the above)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گریویٹی، الیکٹرک اور میگنیٹک فورسز سب [blue]نان کانٹیکٹ فورسز[/blue] کی فہرست میں آتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Forces As Action And Reaction Pair&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which famous law states that \&quot;Every action has an equal but opposite reaction\&quot;?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فزکس کا کون سا مشہور قانون یہ بیان کرتا ہے کہ \&quot;ہر عمل (action) کا ایک مساوی لیکن مخالف سمت میں ردِعمل (reaction) ہوتا ہے\&quot;؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Newton&#39;s Law of Motion&quot;, &quot;Law of Gravity&quot;, &quot;Law of Reflection&quot;, &quot;Law of Conservation of Mass&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Newton&#39;s Law of Motion[/red] is correct because [blue]Newton&#39;s Third Law of Motion[/blue] defines the principle of equal and opposite action-reaction pairs.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نیوٹن کا موشن کا قانون[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ [blue]نیوٹن کے تیسرے قانون[/blue] کے مطابق ہر عمل کا مساوی مگر مخالف ردعمل ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are action and reaction fundamentally classified as in physics?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فزکس میں ایکشن (action) اور ری ایکشن (reaction) بنیادی طور پر کس طبعی زمرے میں آتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Two temperatures&quot;, &quot;Two forces&quot;, &quot;Two speeds&quot;, &quot;Two distances&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Two forces[/red] is correct because action and reaction are always a pair of simultaneous [blue]interactive forces[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]دو قوتیں (Two forces)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایکشن اور ری ایکشن دراصل باہمی طور پر پیدا ہونے والی [blue]دو مساوی اور مخالف قوتیں[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When Body A applies an action force on Body B, what force does Body B exert back on Body A?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب ایک جسم A دوسرے جسم B پر ایکشن فورس لگاتا ہے، تو جسم B پہلے جسم A پر کون سی فورس واپس لگاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Zero force&quot;, &quot;An equal but opposite reaction force&quot;, &quot;A larger force in the same direction&quot;, &quot;A gravitational wave&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]An equal but opposite reaction force[/red] is correct because mutual interaction always produces an [blue]equal and opposite reaction force[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک مساوی لیکن مخالف ری ایکشن فورس[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دوسرا جسم فوراً پہلے جسم پر [blue]مساوی اور مخالف سمت میں ردعمل کی فورس[/blue] لگاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why do action and reaction forces NOT cancel or balance each other out?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایکشن اور ری ایکشن فورسز ایک دوسرے کے اثر کو منسوخ یا بیلنس (balance) کیوں نہیں کر پاتیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because they act in the same direction&quot;, &quot;Because they act on two different bodies&quot;, &quot;Because they are unequal in strength&quot;, &quot;Because they only operate in space&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because they act on two different bodies[/red] is correct because forces can only cancel if they act simultaneously on the [blue]same single object[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ وہ دو الگ الگ اجسام پر عمل کرتی ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایکشن اور ری ایکشن کی قوتیں [blue]دو مختلف اجسام پر لگتی ہیں[/blue] اس لیے کینسل نہیں ہوتیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Throwing A Ball&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When you throw a ball against a wall, what is the force applied by the ball onto the wall called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب آپ دیوار کی طرف گیند پھینکتے ہیں، تو گیند جو فورس دیوار پر لگاتی ہے اسے کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Reaction force&quot;, &quot;Action force&quot;, &quot;Gravitational pull&quot;, &quot;Frictional force&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Action force[/red] is correct because the impact force of the ball hitting the wall is the initial [blue]action force[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایکشن فورس (Action force)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بال کا دیوار سے ٹکرا کر قوت لگانا [blue]ایکشن فورس[/blue] کہلاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why does the ball bounce and come back to you after striking the wall?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دیوار سے ٹکرانے کے فوراً بعد گیند ٹکرا کر واپس آپ کی طرف کیوں آتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Due to the initial action force on the wall&quot;, &quot;Due to the reaction force exerted by the wall on the ball&quot;, &quot;Due to the ball&#39;s atomic weight&quot;, &quot;Due to an electrostatic field&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Due to the reaction force exerted by the wall on the ball[/red] is correct because the wall exerts an [blue]equal and opposite reaction force[/blue] pushing the ball back.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]دیوار کی طرف سے بال پر لگائی گئی ری ایکشن فورس کی وجہ سے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دیوار گیند پر [blue]مخالف ری ایکشن فورس[/blue] لگاتی ہے جس سے گیند اچھل کر واپس آتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In the ball-and-wall collision example, where do the action and reaction forces act respectively?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;بال اور دیوار کے ٹکراؤ کی اس مثال میں ایکشن اور ری ایکشن کی فورسز بالترتیب کن دو اجسام پر عمل کرتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Action is on the wall, reaction is on the ball&quot;, &quot;Action is on the ball, reaction is on the wall&quot;, &quot;Both forces act on the ball only&quot;, &quot;Both forces act on the floor surface&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Action is on the wall, reaction is on the ball[/red] is correct because the ball exerts action on the wall, while the [blue]wall exerts reaction on the ball[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایکشن دیوار پر اور ری ایکشن بال پر ہوتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گیند دیوار پر ایکشن لگاتی ہے اور [blue]دیوار گیند پر ری ایکشن[/blue] لگاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;On how many interacting bodies do action and reaction forces always act?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایکشن اور ری ایکشن کی فورسز ہمیشہ کتنے اجسام پر عمل کرتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;On the same single body&quot;, &quot;On two different bodies&quot;, &quot;On zero physical bodies&quot;, &quot;On three bodies at once&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]On two different bodies[/red] is correct because action and reaction force pairs invariably act on [blue]two distinct interacting bodies[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]دو مختلف اجسام پر (On two different bodies)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایکشن اور ری ایکشن کی قوتیں ہمیشہ [blue]دو الگ الگ اجسام[/blue] پر عمل پیرا ہوتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Walking On The Ground&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When you push the ground backward with your foot to walk, what force is your foot applying?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سڑک پر چلنے کے لیے جب آپ اپنے پاؤں سے زمین کو پیچھے کی طرف دھکیلتے ہیں، تو آپ کون سی فورس لگا رہے ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Reaction force&quot;, &quot;Action force&quot;, &quot;Gravitational pull&quot;, &quot;Magnetic attraction&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Action force[/red] is correct because pushing backward against the ground is the applied [blue]action force[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایکشن فورس (Action force)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پاؤں سے زمین کو پیچھے دھکیلنا دراصل [blue]ایکشن فورس لگانے کا عمل[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What reaction force enables a person to physically move forward while walking on a road?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سڑک پر چلتے وقت انسان کو آگے کی طرف بڑھانے میں کون سا ری ایکشن عمل کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Air wind resistance&quot;, &quot;The ground pushing us forward&quot;, &quot;The sky pulling us upward&quot;, &quot;Earth&#39;s inner core gravity&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]The ground pushing us forward[/red] is correct because the ground exerts an [blue]equal forward reaction force against our foot[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زمین کا ہمیں آگے کی طرف دھکیلنا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زمین ری ایکشن کے طور پر ہمیں [blue]آگے کی سمت فورس[/blue] فراہم کرتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Balloon Rocket&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following steps are used to set up a balloon rocket experiment?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;غبارے کا راکٹ (balloon rocket) بنانے کا تجربہ تیار کرنے کے لیے کون سے اقدامات کیے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Inflate a balloon and paste a straw on it&quot;, &quot;Pass a string through the straw and tie its ends to supports&quot;, &quot;Freeze the inflated balloon in cold ice&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because setting up the experiment involves [blue]inflating a balloon, attaching a straw, and threading string through it[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اس تجربے کے لیے [blue]غبارے پر اسٹرا لگانا اور اس میں سے دھاگا گزار کر باندھنا[/blue] ضروری ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In a balloon rocket experiment, what produces the action force in the backward direction?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;بلون راکٹ کے تجربے میں، پیچھے کی سمت میں ایکشن فورس (action force) کون پیدا کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Air releasing rapidly from the balloon&quot;, &quot;The string snapping suddenly&quot;, &quot;The straw melting on the balloon&quot;, &quot;Pushing the balloon with a finger&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Air releasing rapidly from the balloon[/red] is correct because the backward rush of escaping air forms the [blue]action force[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]غبارے سے تیزی سے پیچھے نکلنے والی ہوا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ غبارے سے خارج ہونے والی ہوا [blue]ایکشن فورس[/blue] بناتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In a balloon rocket, what happens to the balloon due to the reaction force when air escapes backward?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب ہوا پیچھے نکلتی ہے، تو ری ایکشن فورس (reaction force) کے نتیجے میں غبارہ کس طرف حرکت کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;It shrinks to zero size instantly&quot;, &quot;It moves ahead (forward)&quot;, &quot;It falls straight down to the floor&quot;, &quot;It remains completely motionless&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]It moves ahead (forward)[/red] is correct because the forward reaction force propels the [blue]balloon ahead along the string[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ آگے کی طرف بڑھتا ہے (It moves ahead)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ری ایکشن فورس غبارے کو [blue]آگے کی سمت دھکیلتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Propulsion Of Rocket&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In rocket propulsion, what produces the action force during launch?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;راکٹ کے اڑان بھرنے کے عمل (propulsion) میں، ایکشن فورس (action force) کون پیدا کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;The physical body of the rocket&quot;, &quot;Hot gases moving out backward&quot;, &quot;Earth&#39;s atmosphere cooling down&quot;, &quot;Sunlight hitting the metal shell&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Hot gases moving out backward[/red] is correct because the high-speed downward/backward expulsion of exhaust gases creates the [blue]action force[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پیچھے کی طرف نکلنے والی گرم گیسیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نوزل سے تیز رفتاری سے نکلنے والی گیسیں [blue]ایکشن فورس[/blue] پیدا کرتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why does a space rocket move forward when fired into the sky?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک خلائی راکٹ فائر ہونے پر آگے کی طرف (forward) کیوں حرکت کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Due to cold wind friction&quot;, &quot;Due to reaction force from expelled hot gases&quot;, &quot;Due to total weight loss&quot;, &quot;Due to a magnetic attraction field&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Due to reaction force from expelled hot gases[/red] is correct because an equal and opposite [blue]thrust/reaction force drives the rocket upward[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]خارج ہونے والی گرم گیسوں کی ری ایکشن فورس کی وجہ سے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گیسوں کا ردعمل راکٹ کو [blue]آگے اور اوپر کی طرف دھکیلتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In physical interactions, how do action and reaction forces always exist and operate?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;طبعی تعاملات میں ایکشن اور ری ایکشن کی فورسز ہمیشہ کس طرح وجود رکھتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Completely individually&quot;, &quot;In pairs&quot;, &quot;In sets of three&quot;, &quot;Only inside liquids&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]In pairs[/red] is correct because forces in nature always occur as [blue]simultaneous, equal, and opposite action-reaction pairs[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]جوڑوں کی شکل میں (In pairs)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فزکس میں ایکشن اور ری ایکشن کی قوتیں ہمیشہ [blue]جوڑوں کی صورت میں[/blue] وجود رکھتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Key Points&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What physical quantity describes how fast an object is moving?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کون سی طبعی مقدار یہ بتاتی ہے کہ کوئی جسم کتنی تیزی سے حرکت کر رہا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mass&quot;, &quot;Speed&quot;, &quot;Volume&quot;, &quot;Density&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Speed[/red] is correct because speed measures [blue]rate of motion and how rapidly distance is traversed[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اسپیڈ (Speed)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اسپیڈ وہ مقدار ہے جو ظاہر کرتی ہے کہ کوئی جسم [blue]کتنی تیزی سے حرکت کر رہا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the distance covered by an object in unit time called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اکائی وقت (unit time) میں کسی جسم کے طے کردہ فاصلے کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Force&quot;, &quot;Speed&quot;, &quot;Mass&quot;, &quot;Energy&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Speed[/red] is correct because the formal scientific definition of speed is [blue]distance covered in unit time[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اسپیڈ (Speed)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اکائی وقت میں طے شدہ فاصلے کو [blue]اسپیڈ یا رفتار[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What diagram represents the relationship between two physical quantities in visual form?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دو مقداروں کے مابین تعلق کو ڈایاگرام (تصویری شکل) میں ظاہر کرنے والے خاکے کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Formula&quot;, &quot;Graph&quot;, &quot;Chemical symbol&quot;, &quot;Reaction equation&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Graph[/red] is correct because a [blue]graph illustrates visual data comparisons between variables[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گراف (Graph)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دو مقداروں کے مابین تعلق کو تصویری خاکے میں ظاہر کرنے کے لیے [blue]گراف[/blue] بنایا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In a distance-time graph, along which axes are distance and time plotted respectively?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ڈسٹنس-ٹائم گراف میں فاصلہ اور وقت بالترتیب کن ایکسز (axes) پر لیے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Distance along y-axis&quot;, &quot;Time along x-axis&quot;, &quot;Time along y-axis&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because distance is plotted on the [blue]vertical y-axis and time on the horizontal x-axis[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فاصلہ [blue]y-axis[/blue] پر اور وقت [blue]x-axis[/blue] پر لیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What physical quantity is defined as a push or a pull acting on an object?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی جسم پر عمل کرنے والے دھکے (push) یا کھنچاؤ (pull) کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Heat&quot;, &quot;Force&quot;, &quot;Temperature&quot;, &quot;Light&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Force[/red] is correct because a push or a pull exerted on an object is defined as a [blue]force[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]فورس (Force)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کسی جسم کو دھکیلنا (push) یا کھینچنا (pull) [blue]فورس[/blue] کہلاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In the International System of Units (SI), what is the official unit of force?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;انٹرنیشنل سسٹم آف یونٹس (SI) میں فورس (قوت) کی سائنسی اکائی کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Joule&quot;, &quot;Newton&quot;, &quot;Watt&quot;, &quot;Meter&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Newton[/red] is correct because the SI derived unit of force is the [blue]newton (N)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نیوٹن (Newton)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایس آئی سسٹم میں قوت کی بین الاقوامی اکائی [blue]نیوٹن[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What type of force acts only when there is physical contact between two bodies?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ فورس جو صرف اس وقت عمل کرتی ہے جب دو اجسام کے درمیان جسمانی چھواؤ (physical contact) ہو، کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Non-contact force&quot;, &quot;Contact force&quot;, &quot;Gravitational force&quot;, &quot;Magnetic force&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Contact force[/red] is correct because a force requiring direct physical touch between surfaces is a [blue]contact force[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کانٹیکٹ فورس (Contact force)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دو اجسام کے باہمی جسمانی چھواؤ سے پیدا ہونے والی قوت [blue]کانٹیکٹ فورس[/blue] کہلاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What type of force acts on an object without any physical contact with it?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ فورس جو کسی جسم پر بغیر کسی جسمانی چھواؤ کے فاصلے سے عمل کرے، کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Contact force&quot;, &quot;Non-contact force&quot;, &quot;Friction force&quot;, &quot;Applied force&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Non-contact force[/red] is correct because forces acting across empty space or distance without physical touch are [blue]non-contact forces[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نان کانٹیکٹ فورس (Non-contact force)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بغیر کسی مادی رابطے کے فاصلے سے عمل کرنے والی قوت [blue]نان کانٹیکٹ فورس[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;According to Newton&#39;s Third Law, every action has what type of reaction?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نیوٹن کے قانون کے مطابق، ہر ایکشن (action) کا کیسا ری ایکشن (reaction) ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Zero reaction&quot;, &quot;Equal but opposite reaction&quot;, &quot;Unequal reaction&quot;, &quot;Double direction reaction&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Equal but opposite reaction[/red] is correct because Newton&#39;s third law guarantees an [blue]equal and opposite reaction force[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مساوی لیکن مخالف ردِعمل (Equal but opposite reaction)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہر عمل کا ایک [blue]مساوی مگر مخالف سمت میں ردعمل[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Exercise&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the official SI unit of force?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فورس (قوت) کا بنیادی ایس آئی (SI) یونٹ کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Kilogram&quot;, &quot;Centi-second&quot;, &quot;Meter&quot;, &quot;Newton&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Newton[/red] is correct because the SI derived unit measuring mechanical force is the [blue]newton (N)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نیوٹن (Newton)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فورس ناپنے کی بنیادی سائنسی اکائی [blue]نیوٹن[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;By dividing the total distance covered by a moving body by the time taken, we obtain:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی متحرک جسم کے طے کردہ فاصلے کو وقت پر تقسیم کرنے سے کیا حاصل ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Speed&quot;, &quot;Mass&quot;, &quot;Gravity&quot;, &quot;Force&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Speed[/red] is correct because Speed = [blue]Distance / Time[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اسپیڈ (Speed)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فاصلے کو وقت پر تقسیم کرنے سے [blue]اسپیڈ یا رفتار[/blue] حاصل ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If a body moves for 10 seconds with a speed of 30 m/s, what is its covered distance?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر کوئی جسم 30 m/s کی اسپیڈ سے 10 سیکنڈ تک چلے، تو اس کا طے کردہ کل فاصلہ کتنا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;30 m&quot;, &quot;3 m&quot;, &quot;300 m&quot;, &quot;150 m&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]300 m[/red] is correct because Distance = Speed × Time = [blue]30 m/s × 10 s = 300 m[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]300 میٹر (300 m)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فاصلہ = رفتار × وقت، یعنی [blue]30 × 10 = 300 میٹر[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following animals is known to run at a speed of up to 112 km/h?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کون سا جانور 112 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ کی تیز رفتاری سے دوڑ سکتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Horse&quot;, &quot;Turtle&quot;, &quot;Cheetah&quot;, &quot;Silver ant&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Cheetah[/red] is correct because the cheetah is the fastest land animal, sprinting up to [blue]112 km/h[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]چیتا (Cheetah)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چیتا زمین پر سب سے تیز [blue]112 کلومیٹر فی گھنٹہ[/blue] کی رفتار سے دوڑ سکتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Every action force produces a reaction force that is equal in magnitude but:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہر ایکشن فورس کا ایک ایسا ری ایکشن ہوتا ہے جو مقدار میں برابر لیکن سمت میں: &quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Opposite&quot;, &quot;Perpendicular&quot;, &quot;Parallel&quot;, &quot;Anti-parallel&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Opposite[/red] is correct because Newton&#39;s third law specifies action and reaction forces are [blue]equal in magnitude and opposite in direction[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مخالف (Opposite)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ری ایکشن فورس کی مقدار برابر لیکن اس کی سمت ہمیشہ [blue]مخالف (opposite)[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the standard SI unit of speed?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اسپیڈ (رفتار) کی بنیادی اکائی کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;N&quot;, &quot;m/s&quot;, &quot;kg m&quot;, &quot;kg m/s&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]m/s[/red] is correct because the SI standard metric unit for speed is [blue]meter per second (m/s)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]m/s[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ رفتار ناپنے کا بنیادی ایس آئی یونٹ [blue]میٹر فی سیکنڈ (m/s)[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If a body covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, its speed is described as:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر کوئی جسم برابر وقت میں برابر فاصلہ طے کرے، تو اس کی اسپیڈ کو کیا کہیں گے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Increasing&quot;, &quot;Decreasing&quot;, &quot;Uniform&quot;, &quot;Zero&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Uniform[/red] is correct because covering identical distance increments across identical time windows defines [blue]uniform speed[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یکساں یعنی یونافارم (Uniform)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ برابر وقت میں برابر فاصلہ طے کرنے والی رفتار کو [blue]یونافارم اسپیڈ[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;On a distance-time graph, a horizontal straight line parallel to the time axis indicates that the car is:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ڈسٹنس-ٹائم گراف پر اگر ایک سیدھی لائن ٹائم ایکسز کے متوازی (parallel) بنے، تو اس کا مطلب ہے کہ گاڑی:&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Speeding up&quot;, &quot;Slowing down&quot;, &quot;Moving with uniform speed&quot;, &quot;At rest&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]At rest[/red] is correct because zero change in distance over time means the object is stationary, i.e., [blue]at rest[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]حالتِ سکون میں ہے (At rest)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فاصلہ تبدیل نہ ہونے کی وجہ سے گاڑی [blue]ساکن یعنی ریسٹ میں ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A person swimming in a pool pushes water backward to move forward. This is a practical example of:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سوئمنگ پول میں تیرتے وقت انسان پانی کو پیچھے دھکیل کر آگے بڑھتا ہے، یہ کس کی ایک اہم مثال ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Action and reaction forces&quot;, &quot;Frictional forces only&quot;, &quot;Magnetic pull forces&quot;, &quot;Nuclear forces&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Action and reaction forces[/red] is correct because pushing water backward (action) generates an equal forward thrust on the swimmer (reaction), demonstrating [blue]Newton&#39;s third law action-reaction forces[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایکشن اور ری ایکشن فورسز کی (Action and reaction forces)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پانی کو پیچھے دھکیلنا ایکشن اور آگے بڑھنا ری ایکشن ہے جو کہ [blue]نیوٹن کے تیسرے قانون کی مثال[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is classified as a non-contact force?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کون سی نان کانٹیکٹ فورس (non-contact force) کی ایک مثال ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Gravity&quot;, &quot;Friction&quot;, &quot;Spring force&quot;, &quot;Tension in a string&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Gravity[/red] is correct because gravitational pull operates across space [blue]without requiring physical contact[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گریویٹی (Gravity)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کششِ ثقل جسمانی چھواؤ کے بغیر فاصلے سے عمل کرتی ہے، اس لیے یہ [blue]نان کانٹیکٹ فورس[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  }
                    ];

       
        // Configuration 
        const config = {
            headerImageUrl: &quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinx5uk35dAmyz2KxRN8NMFKIPyUtmdZEiCA0kQdkFOYX35RgGXgpRLFuAAdbVUxSgPIQHOgZGjE_X_W8UO1EVhVvxO4gf8GDXAjGkownybO9NWGhg3nCaRhK4EpaGl7QF2hZNvvN5GhVM0Y_a74fc-2eyfPvhdFoGJpJAl0ijd4mdqEsNl6s9HjE_i6A/s1600/7th%20Class%20General%20Science%20Unit%208%20image.jpg&quot;,
            questionsPerPage: 10,
            
            // YAHAN AAP KA SPECIFIC BACKGROUND LINK LAGA DIYA HAI
            pdfBackgroundUrl: &quot;https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D22AQEeipTaShU2pg/feedshare-shrink_800/B4DZr3lbg8J4Ag-/0/1765090376076?e=1766620800&amp;v=beta&amp;t=jhdnVgeSHW5QsvbAbK719ygBmv_7sP76YE5CybbpcgY&quot;,
            
            shareImage: {
                width: 1200,
                height: 630,
                backgroundGradient: [&#39;#1e3c72&#39;, &#39;#2a5298&#39;],
                textColor: &#39;#ffffff&#39;,
                optionTextColor: &#39;#333333&#39;,
                correctAnswerColor: &#39;#28a745&#39;,
                borderRadius: 20,
                padding: 40,
                questionFontSize: 36,
                urduFontSize: 32,
                optionFontSize: 28,
                noticeFontSize: 24,
                correctAnswerFontSize: 28,
                overlayOpacity: 0.7
            }
        };

       

        let answersShown = false;
        let selectedOptions = {};
        let currentPage = 1;
        let speechSynthesis = window.speechSynthesis;
        let contentExpanded = false;
        let contentInUrdu = false;
        
        function getCurrentPageFromURL() {
            const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
            const page = parseInt(urlParams.get(&#39;page&#39;));
            return isNaN(page) || page &lt; 1 ? 1 : Math.min(page, Math.ceil(questions.length / config.questionsPerPage));
        }

        function updateURL(page) {
            const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
            urlParams.set(&#39;page&#39;, page);
            const newUrl = window.location.pathname + &#39;?&#39; + urlParams.toString();
            window.history.pushState({ path: newUrl }, &#39;&#39;, newUrl);
        }

        function parseHighlightedText(text) {
            text = text.replace(/\[red\](.*?)\[\/red\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-red&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            text = text.replace(/\[blue\](.*?)\[\/blue\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-blue&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            text = text.replace(/\[green\](.*?)\[\/green\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-green&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            text = text.replace(/\[yellow\](.*?)\[\/yellow\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-yellow&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            text = text.replace(/\[purple\](.*?)\[\/purple\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-purple&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            return text;
        }

        // =========================================================
        // ============ TOC / SCROLL LOGIC START ===================
        // =========================================================
        function generateTOC() {
            const tocContainer = document.getElementById(&#39;toc-container&#39;);
            const tocList = document.getElementById(&#39;toc-list&#39;);
            tocList.innerHTML = &#39;&#39;;
            let hasTopics = false;
            let topicCount = 0; // Added for counting headings

            questions.forEach((q, index) =&gt; {
                if (q.topicHeading) {
                    hasTopics = true;
                    topicCount++;
                    const li = document.createElement(&#39;li&#39;);
                    li.className = &#39;toc-item&#39;;
                    li.textContent = q.topicHeading;
                    li.onclick = () =&gt; scrollToTopic(index);
                    
                    // Hide headings after the 6th one
                    if (topicCount &gt; 6) {
                        li.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                        li.classList.add(&#39;hidden-toc-item&#39;);
                    }
                    
                    tocList.appendChild(li);
                }
            });

            // Remove existing button if any
            const existingBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;toc-see-more-btn-container&#39;);
            if (existingBtn) existingBtn.remove();

            // Add &#39;See More&#39; button if there are more than 6 topics
            if (topicCount &gt; 6) {
                const btnContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                btnContainer.id = &#39;toc-see-more-btn-container&#39;;
                btnContainer.style.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                btnContainer.style.marginTop = &#39;20px&#39;;
                btnContainer.style.gridColumn = &#39;1 / -1&#39;; // To span full width if in grid

                const seeMoreBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                seeMoreBtn.className = &#39;btn btn-primary&#39;;
                seeMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;See More Headings&#39;;
                seeMoreBtn.onclick = function() {
                    const hiddenItems = tocList.querySelectorAll(&#39;.hidden-toc-item&#39;);
                    hiddenItems.forEach(item =&gt; {
                        item.style.display = &#39;flex&#39;; // Restoring original flex display
                    });
                    btnContainer.style.display = &#39;none&#39;; // Hide button after clicking
                };

                btnContainer.appendChild(seeMoreBtn);
                tocContainer.appendChild(btnContainer);
            }

            if (hasTopics) {
                tocContainer.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
            }
        }

        function scrollToTopic(questionIndex) {
            const targetPage = Math.floor(questionIndex / config.questionsPerPage) + 1;
            
            if (targetPage === currentPage) {
                executeScrollHighlight(questionIndex);
            } else {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + `?page=${targetPage}&amp;scrollTo=${questionIndex}`;
            }
        }

        function executeScrollHighlight(index) {
            const element = document.getElementById(`q-card-${index}`);
            const headingElement = document.getElementById(`heading-for-${index}`);
            
            const targetElement = headingElement || element;
            
            if (targetElement) {
                targetElement.scrollIntoView({ behavior: &#39;smooth&#39;, block: &#39;center&#39; });
                if(element) {
                    element.classList.add(&#39;highlight-scroll&#39;);
                    setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                        element.classList.remove(&#39;highlight-scroll&#39;);
                    }, 2500); 
                }
            }
        }

        function checkScrollOnLoad() {
            const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
            const scrollToIdx = urlParams.get(&#39;scrollTo&#39;);
            
            if (scrollToIdx !== null) {
                setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                    executeScrollHighlight(parseInt(scrollToIdx));
                    const newUrl = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + currentPage;
                    window.history.replaceState({}, &#39;&#39;, newUrl);
                }, 800);
            }
        }
        // =========================================================
        // ============ TOC / SCROLL LOGIC END =====================
        // =========================================================


        function loadQuestions(page = 1) {
            currentPage = page;
            updateURL(page);
            const quizContainer = document.getElementById(&#39;quiz-container&#39;);
            quizContainer.innerHTML = &#39;&#39;;
            
            const startIndex = (page - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const q = questions[i];

                // TOC: Add Topic Heading if exists
                if (q.topicHeading) {
                    const headingDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    headingDiv.className = &#39;in-quiz-topic-heading&#39;;
                    headingDiv.id = `heading-for-${i}`; 
                    headingDiv.textContent = q.topicHeading;
                    quizContainer.appendChild(headingDiv);
                }

                const questionElement = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                questionElement.className = &#39;question-card&#39;;
                questionElement.id = `q-card-${i}`; // TOC: Add ID for scrolling

                // CHECK FOR IMPORTANT QUESTION
                if (q.isImportant) {
                    questionElement.classList.add(&#39;important-question&#39;);
                    // Add Badge with Star Icon
                    const badge = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    badge.className = &#39;important-badge&#39;;
                    
                    // Star Icon URL (CDN)
                    const starIconURL = &quot;https://cdn-icons-png.flaticon.com/512/1828/1828884.png&quot;;
                    
                    // Using Image tag instead of &lt;i&gt; tag
                    badge.innerHTML = `&lt;img src=&quot;${starIconURL}&quot; style=&quot;width: 14px; height: 14px; margin-right: 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt; Important`;
                    
                    questionElement.appendChild(badge);
                }
                
                const questionTextContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                questionTextContainer.onclick = function() {
                    if (q.questionLink) {
                        window.location.href = q.questionLink;
                    }
                };
                
                const questionNumber = i + 1;

                questionTextContainer.innerHTML = `
                  &lt;span class=&quot;question-text&quot;&gt;${questionNumber}. ${q.question}&lt;/span&gt;
                  &lt;span class=&quot;urdu-text&quot;&gt;${q.urdu}&lt;/span&gt;
                `;
                questionElement.appendChild(questionTextContainer);

                if (q.ttsEnabled) {
                    const ttsButton = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                    ttsButton.className = &#39;tts-btn&#39;;
                    ttsButton.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.sound}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Listen Question&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    ttsButton.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                        e.stopPropagation();
                        speakQuestion(q);
                    };
                    questionElement.appendChild(ttsButton);
                }

                const optionsDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                optionsDiv.className = &#39;options&#39;;
                optionsDiv.id = `options-${i}`;
                q.options.forEach((option, j) =&gt; {
                    const optionDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    optionDiv.className = &#39;option&#39;;
                    optionDiv.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                        e.stopPropagation();
                        selectOption(optionDiv, String.fromCharCode(65 + j), i);
                    };
                    optionDiv.innerHTML = `&lt;span class=&quot;option-letter&quot;&gt;${String.fromCharCode(65 + j)}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;option-text&quot;&gt;${option}&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    optionsDiv.appendChild(optionDiv);
                });
                questionElement.appendChild(optionsDiv);

                if (q.showSocialShare) {
                    const shareButtons = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    shareButtons.className = &#39;share-buttons&#39;;
                    
                    const whatsappBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                    whatsappBtn.className = &#39;share-btn whatsapp-btn&#39;;
                    whatsappBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.whatsapp}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Share via WhatsApp&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    whatsappBtn.onclick = () =&gt; shareQuestionWithImage(i, &#39;whatsapp&#39;);
                    shareButtons.appendChild(whatsappBtn);
                    
                    const copyLinkBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                    copyLinkBtn.className = &#39;share-btn copy-link-btn&#39;;
                    copyLinkBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.link}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Copy Link&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    copyLinkBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                        const link = q.questionLink || window.location.href;
                        navigator.clipboard.writeText(link).then(() =&gt; {
                            copyLinkBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.link}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Copied!&lt;/span&gt;`;
                            copyLinkBtn.classList.add(&#39;copied&#39;);
                            setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                                copyLinkBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.link}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Copy Link&lt;/span&gt;`;
                                copyLinkBtn.classList.remove(&#39;copied&#39;);
                            }, 2000);
                        });
                    };
                    shareButtons.appendChild(copyLinkBtn);
                    
                    questionElement.appendChild(shareButtons);
                }

                const explanationBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                explanationBtn.className = &#39;explanation-btn&#39;;
                explanationBtn.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                    e.stopPropagation();
                    toggleExplanation(i);
                };
                explanationBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&lt;span&gt;اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں&lt;/span&gt;&#39;;
                
                // START: *** NEW LAYOUT LOGIC ***
                // Create a container for the action buttons
                const actionsContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                actionsContainer.className = &#39;question-actions&#39;;

                // Add the explanation button to the container
                actionsContainer.appendChild(explanationBtn);

                // Add the MODERN comment icon to the container
                if (q.questionLink) {
                    const commentLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    commentLink.href = q.questionLink;
                    commentLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    commentLink.className = &#39;modern-comment-link&#39;;
                    const commentSVG = `&lt;svg viewBox=&quot;0 0 24 24&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M21.99 4c0-1.1-.89-2-1.99-2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14l4 4-.01-18zM18 14H6v-2h12v2zm0-3H6V9h12v2zm0-3H6V6h12v2z&quot;/&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;`;
                    commentLink.innerHTML = `&lt;span class=&quot;comment-count&quot;&gt;(Comments)&lt;/span&gt; ${commentSVG}`;
                    actionsContainer.appendChild(commentLink);
                }

                // Add the actions container to the main question element
                questionElement.appendChild(actionsContainer);
                // END: *** NEW LAYOUT LOGIC ***


                const explanationDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationDiv.className = &#39;explanation&#39;;
                explanationDiv.id = `explanation-${i}`;
                
                const translateBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                translateBtn.className = &#39;translate-btn&#39;;
                translateBtn.innerHTML = &#39;Translate in Urdu&#39;;
                translateBtn.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                    e.stopPropagation();
                    toggleExplanationTranslation(i);
                };
                explanationDiv.appendChild(translateBtn);
                
                const explanationText = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationText.innerHTML = parseHighlightedText(q.explanation.replace(/\n/g, &#39;&lt;br&gt;&#39;));
                explanationDiv.appendChild(explanationText);
                
                const explanationUrduDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationUrduDiv.className = &#39;explanation-urdu&#39;;
                explanationUrduDiv.innerHTML = parseHighlightedText(q.explanationUrdu.replace(/\n/g, &#39;&lt;br&gt;&#39;));
                explanationDiv.appendChild(explanationUrduDiv);
                
                if (q.explanationImage) {
                    const imgContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    imgContainer.style.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                    const imgLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    imgLink.href = q.explanationImageLink || &#39;#&#39;;
                    imgLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    const img = document.createElement(&#39;img&#39;);
                    img.src = q.explanationImage;
                    img.alt = q.explanationImageAlt || &#39;Explanation Image&#39;;
                    img.className = &#39;explanation-image&#39;;
                    imgLink.appendChild(img);
                    imgContainer.appendChild(imgLink);
                    if (q.explanationImageCaption) {
                        const caption = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        caption.className = &#39;question-image-caption&#39;;
                        caption.textContent = q.explanationImageCaption;
                        imgContainer.appendChild(caption);
                    }
                    explanationDiv.appendChild(imgContainer);
                }
                
                questionElement.appendChild(explanationDiv);

                quizContainer.appendChild(questionElement);

                // Har 3 sawalat ke baad ad daalne ka logic
                if ((i + 1) % 3 === 0 &amp;&amp; i &lt; endIndex - 1) {
                    const adContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    adContainer.className = &#39;ad-container&#39;;
                    adContainer.innerHTML = `&lt;p&gt;Advertisement Space&lt;/p&gt;`;
                    quizContainer.appendChild(adContainer);
                }


                if (q.ProTips) {
                    const tipsElement = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    tipsElement.className = &#39;tips-section&#39;;
                    tipsElement.innerHTML = q.ProTips;
                    quizContainer.appendChild(tipsElement);
                }

                if (q.imageAfter) {
                    const imageContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    imageContainer.className = &#39;question-image&#39;;
                    const imageLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    imageLink.href = q.imageAfter.link;
                    imageLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    const image = document.createElement(&#39;img&#39;);
                    image.src = q.imageAfter.url;
                    image.alt = q.imageAfter.alt || &#39;Question related image&#39;;
                    imageLink.appendChild(image);
                    imageContainer.appendChild(imageLink);
                    if (q.imageAfter.caption) {
                        const caption = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        caption.className = &#39;question-image-caption&#39;;
                        caption.textContent = q.imageAfter.caption;
                        imageContainer.appendChild(caption);
                    }
                    quizContainer.appendChild(imageContainer);
                }


                if (i &lt; endIndex - 1) {
                    const isAdNext = ((i + 1) % 3 === 0 &amp;&amp; i &lt; questions.length - 1);
                    if (!isAdNext) {
                        const divider = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        divider.className = &#39;divider&#39;;
                        quizContainer.appendChild(divider);
                    }
                }
            }

            if (answersShown) {
                showAllAnswers();
            } else {
                hideAllAnswers();
            }
            
            updatePagination();
            // YEH LINE ADD KI GAYI HAI: Sawalat load hone ke baad ads ko load karein
            applyAds();
        }

        function toggleExplanationTranslation(questionIndex) {
            const explanationDiv = document.getElementById(`explanation-${questionIndex}`);
            const englishExplanation = explanationDiv.querySelector(&#39;div:not(.explanation-urdu)&#39;);
            const urduExplanation = explanationDiv.querySelector(&#39;.explanation-urdu&#39;);
            
            if (englishExplanation.style.display !== &#39;none&#39;) {
                englishExplanation.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                urduExplanation.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
            } else {
                englishExplanation.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                urduExplanation.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
            }
        }

        function speakQuestion(question) {
            if (speechSynthesis.speaking) {
                speechSynthesis.cancel();
            }
            
            const questionUtterance = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(`Question: ${question.question.replace(&#39;?&#39;, &#39;.&#39;)}`);
            questionUtterance.lang = &#39;en-US&#39;;
            questionUtterance.rate = 0.7;
            questionUtterance.pitch = 0.8;
            
            let optionsText = &#39;Options: &#39;;
            question.options.forEach((option, index) =&gt; {
                optionsText += `${String.fromCharCode(65 + index)}... ${option}. `;
            });
            const optionsUtterance = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(optionsText);
            optionsUtterance.lang = &#39;en-US&#39;;
            optionsUtterance.rate = 0.7;
            optionsUtterance.pitch = 0.8;
            
            speechSynthesis.speak(questionUtterance);
            questionUtterance.onend = function() {
                speechSynthesis.speak(optionsUtterance);
            };
        }

        function updatePagination() {
            const pagination = document.getElementById(&#39;pagination&#39;);
            pagination.innerHTML = &#39;&#39;;
            
            const totalPages = Math.ceil(questions.length / config.questionsPerPage);
            
            if (totalPages &lt;= 1) return;
            
            const firstBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            firstBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            firstBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;laquo; First&#39;;
            firstBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=1&#39;;
            };
            if (currentPage === 1) firstBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(firstBtn);
            
            const prevBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            prevBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            prevBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;lsaquo;&#39;;
            prevBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + (currentPage - 1);
            };
            if (currentPage === 1) prevBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(prevBtn);
            
            if (currentPage &gt; 2) {
                const firstPageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                firstPageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                firstPageBtn.textContent = &#39;1&#39;;
                if (1 === currentPage) firstPageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                firstPageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=1&#39;;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(firstPageBtn);
                
                if (currentPage &gt; 3) {
                    const ellipsis1 = document.createElement(&#39;span&#39;);
                    ellipsis1.className = &#39;page-ellipsis&#39;;
                    ellipsis1.textContent = &#39;...&#39;;
                    pagination.appendChild(ellipsis1);
                }
            }
            
            const startPage = Math.max(2, currentPage - 1);
            const endPage = Math.min(totalPages - 1, currentPage + 1);
            
            for (let i = startPage; i &lt;= endPage; i++) {
                const pageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                pageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                pageBtn.textContent = i;
                if (i === currentPage) pageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                pageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + i;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(pageBtn);
            }
            
            if (currentPage &lt; totalPages - 1) {
                if (currentPage &lt; totalPages - 2) {
                    const ellipsis2 = document.createElement(&#39;span&#39;);
                    ellipsis2.className = &#39;page-ellipsis&#39;;
                    ellipsis2.textContent = &#39;...&#39;;
                    pagination.appendChild(ellipsis2);
                }
                
                const lastPageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                lastPageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                lastPageBtn.textContent = totalPages;
                if (totalPages === currentPage) lastPageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                lastPageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + totalPages;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(lastPageBtn);
            }
            
            const nextBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            nextBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            nextBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;rsaquo;&#39;;
            nextBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + (currentPage + 1);
            };
            if (currentPage === totalPages) nextBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(nextBtn);
            
            const lastBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            lastBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            lastBtn.innerHTML = &#39;Last &amp;raquo;&#39;;
            lastBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + totalPages;
            };
            if (currentPage === totalPages) lastBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(lastBtn);
            
            const searchDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
            searchDiv.className = &#39;page-search&#39;;
            searchDiv.innerHTML = `
                &lt;input type=&quot;number&quot; id=&quot;pageInput&quot; min=&quot;1&quot; max=&quot;${totalPages}&quot; placeholder=&quot;Enter Page Number&quot;&gt;
                &lt;button onclick=&quot;goToPageWithReload()&quot;&gt;Go&lt;/button&gt;
            `;
            pagination.appendChild(searchDiv);
        }
        
        function goToPageWithReload() {
            const pageInput = document.getElementById(&#39;pageInput&#39;);
            const pageNum = parseInt(pageInput.value);
            const totalPages = Math.ceil(questions.length / config.questionsPerPage);
            
            if (pageNum &gt;= 1 &amp;&amp; pageNum &lt;= totalPages) {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + pageNum;
            } else {
                alert(`Please enter a page number between 1 and ${totalPages}`);
            }
        }

        function selectOption(optionElement, selectedAnswer, questionIndex) {
            const question = questions[questionIndex];
            const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${questionIndex} .option`);
            options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;none&#39;;
            });
            selectedOptions[questionIndex] = selectedAnswer;
            const correctOptionIndex = question.correctAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
            options[correctOptionIndex].classList.add(&#39;correct&#39;);
            if (selectedAnswer !== question.correctAnswer) {
                const selectedIndex = selectedAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                options[selectedIndex].classList.add(&#39;incorrect&#39;);
            }
        }

        function toggleExplanation(questionIndex) {
            const explanationElement = document.getElementById(`explanation-${questionIndex}`);
            explanationElement.style.display = explanationElement.style.display === &#39;block&#39; ? &#39;none&#39; : &#39;block&#39;;
        }

        function toggleFAQ(faqQuestion) {
            faqQuestion.classList.toggle(&#39;active&#39;);
            const answer = faqQuestion.nextElementSibling;
            answer.style.display = answer.style.display === &#39;block&#39; ? &#39;none&#39; : &#39;block&#39;;
            
            const toggleIcon = faqQuestion.querySelector(&#39;.faq-toggle&#39;);
            toggleIcon.classList.toggle(&#39;rotated&#39;);
        }

        function toggleAllAnswers() {
            answersShown = !answersShown;
            const btn = document.getElementById(&#39;toggleAnswersBtn&#39;);
            if (answersShown) {
                btn.textContent = &#39;Hide All Answers&#39;;
                showAllAnswers();
            } else {
                btn.textContent = &#39;Show All Answers&#39;;
                hideAllAnswers();
            }
        }

        function showAllAnswers() {
            const startIndex = (currentPage - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const q = questions[i];
                const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${i} .option`);
                if (options.length &gt; 0) {
                    const correctOptionIndex = q.correctAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                    options[correctOptionIndex].classList.add(&#39;correct&#39;);
                    if (selectedOptions.hasOwnProperty(i) &amp;&amp; selectedOptions[i] !== q.correctAnswer) {
                        const selectedIndex = selectedOptions[i].charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                        options[selectedIndex].classList.add(&#39;incorrect&#39;);
                    }
                    options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                        opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;none&#39;;
                    });
                }
            }
        }

        function hideAllAnswers() {
            const startIndex = (currentPage - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${i} .option`);
                options.forEach(option =&gt; {
                    option.classList.remove(&#39;correct&#39;, &#39;incorrect&#39;);
                });
                options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                    opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;auto&#39;;
                });
            }
            selectedOptions = {};
        }

        function resetQuiz() {
            selectedOptions = {};
            answersShown = false;
            document.getElementById(&#39;toggleAnswersBtn&#39;).textContent = &#39;Show All Answers&#39;;
            loadQuestions(currentPage);
        }

        function changeHeaderImage(imageUrl) {
            document.getElementById(&#39;headerImage&#39;).src = imageUrl;
        }
        
        function toggleContentExpansion() {
            const contentPreview = document.getElementById(&#39;contentPreview&#39;);
            const readMoreBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;readMoreBtn&#39;);
            contentExpanded = !contentExpanded;
            
            if (contentExpanded) {
                contentPreview.classList.add(&#39;expanded&#39;);
                readMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;Read Less&#39;;
            } else {
                contentPreview.classList.remove(&#39;expanded&#39;);
                readMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;Read More&#39;;
            }
        }

        function toggleContentLanguage() {
            const englishContent = document.querySelector(&#39;.english-content&#39;);
            const urduContent = document.querySelector(&#39;.urdu-content&#39;);
            const translateBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;contentTranslateBtn&#39;);
            contentInUrdu = !contentInUrdu;
            
            if (contentInUrdu) {
                englishContent.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                urduContent.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                translateBtn.textContent = &#39;Translate to English&#39;;
            } else {
                englishContent.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                urduContent.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                translateBtn.textContent = &#39;Translate to Urdu&#39;;
            }
        }

        async function createShareImage(questionIndex) {
            return new Promise((resolve) =&gt; {
                const q = questions[questionIndex];
                const canvas = document.getElementById(&#39;shareCanvas&#39;);
                const ctx = canvas.getContext(&#39;2d&#39;);
                
                ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                
                if (q.backgroundImage) {
                    const img = new Image();
                    img.crossOrigin = &quot;Anonymous&quot;;
                    img.onload = function() {
                        ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                        ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)&#39;;
                        ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                        drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                        convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                    };
                    img.onerror = function() {
                        console.log(&quot;Background image failed to load, using gradient fallback&quot;);
                        drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas);
                        drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                        convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                    };
                    img.src = q.backgroundImage + (q.backgroundImage.includes(&#39;?&#39;) ? &#39;&amp;&#39; : &#39;?&#39;) + &#39;t=&#39; + Date.now();
                } else {
                    drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas);
                    drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                    convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                }
            });
        }

        function drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas) {
            const gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
            gradient.addColorStop(0, &#39;#1e3c72&#39;);
            gradient.addColorStop(1, &#39;#2a5298&#39;);
            ctx.fillStyle = gradient;
            ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05)&#39;;
            for (let i = 0; i &lt; 5; i++) {
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(Math.random() * canvas.width, Math.random() * canvas.height, Math.random() * 300 + 100, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.fill();
            }
        }

        function drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex) {
            const questionNumber = questionIndex + 1;
            const questionText = `${questionNumber}. ${q.question}`;
            const urduText = `${q.urdu.replace(&#39;؟&#39;, &#39;&#39;).replace(&#39;?&#39;, &#39;&#39;)}`;
            
            ctx.save();
            ctx.beginPath();
            ctx.roundRect(40, 40, canvas.width - 80, canvas.height - 80, 20);
            ctx.clip();
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)&#39;;
            ctx.fillRect(40, 40, canvas.width - 80, canvas.height - 80);
            ctx.strokeStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3)&#39;;
            ctx.lineWidth = 2;
            ctx.stroke();
            ctx.restore();
            
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            ctx.font = &#39;bold 36px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            const questionLines = wrapText(ctx, questionText, canvas.width - 160, 36);
            let yPos = 80 + 36;
            
            questionLines.forEach(line =&gt; {
                ctx.fillText(line, 80, yPos);
                yPos += 36 + 10;
            });
            
            ctx.font = &#39;32px &quot;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&quot;, serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;right&#39;;
            const urduLines = wrapText(ctx, urduText, canvas.width - 160, 32);
            urduLines.forEach(line =&gt; {
                ctx.fillText(line, canvas.width - 80, yPos);
                yPos += 32 + 10;
            });
            
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            yPos += 20;
            
            ctx.font = &#39;italic 24px &quot;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&quot;, serif&#39;;
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;right&#39;;
            ctx.fillText(&quot;چار آپشن میں سے کسی پر بھی کلک کرنے سے جواب سبز ہو جائے گا&quot;, canvas.width - 80, yPos);
            yPos += 24 + 30;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            
            ctx.font = &#39;28px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            
            q.options.forEach((option, index) =&gt; {
                const optionLetter = String.fromCharCode(65 + index);
                const isCorrect = optionLetter === q.correctAnswer;
                
                ctx.save();
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.roundRect(80, yPos - 10, canvas.width - 160, 28 + 20, 10);
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.2)&#39; : &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)&#39;;
                ctx.fill();
                ctx.strokeStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3)&#39;;
                ctx.lineWidth = 1;
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.restore();
                
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(80 + 25, yPos + 28 / 2, 28 * 0.8, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;#3498db&#39;;
                ctx.fill();
                
                ctx.fillStyle = &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
                ctx.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                ctx.fillText(optionLetter, 80 + 25, yPos + 28 / 2 + 28 * 0.3);
                
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
                ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
                ctx.fillText(`${optionLetter}) ${option}`, 80 + 60, yPos + 28 * 0.8);
                
                yPos += 28 + 30;
            });
            
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7)&#39;;
            ctx.font = &#39;italic 20px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
            ctx.fillText(&quot;Study For More PAKMCQs.ORG&quot;, canvas.width / 2, canvas.height - 40);
        }

        function convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve) {
            canvas.toBlob((blob) =&gt; {
                const imageUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
                resolve(imageUrl);
            }, &#39;image/png&#39;, 1.0);
        }

        function wrapText(context, text, maxWidth, fontSize) {
            const words = text.split(&#39; &#39;);
            const lines = [];
            let currentLine = words[0];
            for (let i = 1; i &lt; words.length; i++) {
                const word = words[i];
                const width = context.measureText(currentLine + &#39; &#39; + word).width;
                if (width &lt; maxWidth) {
                    currentLine += &#39; &#39; + word;
                } else {
                    lines.push(currentLine);
                    currentLine = word;
                }
            }
            lines.push(currentLine);
            return lines;
        }
        
        async function shareQuestionWithImage(questionIndex, platform) {
            try {
                const imageUrl = await createShareImage(questionIndex);
                const q = questions[questionIndex];
                const shareUrl = q.questionLink || window.location.href;
                const shareText = `${questionIndex + 1}. ${q.question}\n\n${q.urdu.replace(/#&amp;\d+/g, &#39;&#39;)}\n\nStudy more at: ${shareUrl}`;
                
                if (navigator.share) {
                    const response = await fetch(imageUrl);
                    const blob = await response.blob();
                    const file = new File([blob], &#39;question.png&#39;, { type: &#39;image/png&#39; });
                    
                    await navigator.share({
                        title: q.question,
                        text: shareText,
                        files: [file],
                        url: shareUrl
                    });
                } else {
                    if (platform === &#39;facebook&#39;) {
                        window.open(`https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=${encodeURIComponent(shareUrl)}`, &#39;_blank&#39;);
                    } else if (platform === &#39;twitter&#39;) {
                        const mockImageUrl = imageUrl;
                        window.open(`https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=${encodeURIComponent(shareText)}&amp;url=${encodeURIComponent(mockImageUrl)}`, &#39;_blank&#39;);
                    } else if (platform === &#39;whatsapp&#39;) {
                        const link = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                        link.href = `whatsapp://send?text=${encodeURIComponent(shareText)}`;
                        link.click();
                    }
                }
            } catch (err) {
                console.error(&#39;Error sharing:&#39;, err);
                alert(&#39;Sharing failed. Please try again or copy the link manually.&#39;);
            }
        }

        /* ========================================================= */
        /* ============ DYNAMIC PDF GENERATION LOGIC =============== */
        /* ========================================================= */
        
        async function generateDynamicPDF() {
            // Check if jsPDF is loaded
            if (!window.jspdf) {
                alert(&quot;PDF library is loading. Please wait a moment and try again.&quot;);
                return;
            }

            // --- UI: START LOADING &amp; SHOW PROGRESS BAR ---
            const btn = document.getElementById(&#39;generatePdfBtn&#39;);
            const btnText = btn.querySelector(&#39;.btn-text&#39;);
            const btnProgress = btn.querySelector(&#39;.progress-bar-fill&#39;);
            const originalText = &quot;Click here for Download PDF&quot;;
            
            btn.disabled = true; // Disable double clicks
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Initializing...&quot;;
            btnProgress.style.width = &quot;10%&quot;; // Start progress

            const { jsPDF } = window.jspdf;
            const doc = new jsPDF(&#39;p&#39;, &#39;mm&#39;, &#39;a4&#39;); // Portrait, Millimeters, A4
            
            // 1. Settings &amp; Dimensions
            const pageWidth = 210;
            const pageHeight = 297;
            const marginTop = 30;
            const marginBottom = 05;
            const marginLeft = 15;
            const marginRight = 15;
            const contentWidth = pageWidth - marginLeft - marginRight;
            
            let cursorY = marginTop;

            // 2. Filter Questions (pdf = true)
const pdfQuestions = questions.filter(q =&gt; 
    q.pdf === true || 
    (q.getAttribute &amp;&amp; q.getAttribute(&#39;data-pdf&#39;) === &quot;true&quot;)
);

            if (pdfQuestions.length === 0) {
                alert(&quot;No questions marked for PDF found.&quot;);
                // Reset Button
                btn.disabled = false;
                btnText.textContent = originalText;
                btnProgress.style.width = &quot;0%&quot;;
                return;
            }

            // --- UI: UPDATE STATUS ---
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Downloading Image...&quot;;
            btnProgress.style.width = &quot;30%&quot;;

            // 3. Load Background Image
            const bgUrl = config.pdfBackgroundUrl;
            let bgImage = null;
            try {
                bgImage = await loadImageAsBase64(bgUrl);
                // Image Loaded Success
                btnProgress.style.width = &quot;50%&quot;;
            } catch (e) {
                console.warn(&quot;Background image failed to load, generating PDF without it.&quot;);
            }

            // --- UI: UPDATE STATUS ---
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Generating Pages...&quot;;

            // Helper to Add a new page with background
            const addNewPage = () =&gt; {
                doc.addPage();
                if (bgImage) {
                    doc.addImage(bgImage, &#39;JPEG&#39;, 0, 0, pageWidth, pageHeight);
                }
                cursorY = marginTop; // Reset cursor to top margin
            };

            // Add background to the first page
            if (bgImage) {
                doc.addImage(bgImage, &#39;JPEG&#39;, 0, 0, pageWidth, pageHeight);
            }

            // 4. Iterate and Print Questions
            pdfQuestions.forEach((q, index) =&gt; {
                // --- A. CALCULATE HEIGHT REQUIRED ---
                
                // Question Text Height
                doc.setFontSize(12);
                doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;bold&quot;);
                const qTitle = `Q${index + 1}: ${q.question}`;
                const qTitleLines = doc.splitTextToSize(qTitle, contentWidth);
                const qTitleHeight = qTitleLines.length * 6; // Approx line height 6mm

                // Options Height
                doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;normal&quot;);
                doc.setFontSize(10);
                let optionsHeight = 0;
                const processedOptions = [];

                q.options.forEach((opt, idx) =&gt; {
                    const letter = String.fromCharCode(65 + idx);
                    const optText = `${letter}) ${opt}`;
                    const optLines = doc.splitTextToSize(optText, contentWidth - 5); // Indent slightly
                    const h = optLines.length * 5; // Approx line height 5mm
                    optionsHeight += h + 2; // +2mm padding between options
                    processedOptions.push({ lines: optLines, height: h });
                });

                const totalQuestionHeight = qTitleHeight + optionsHeight + 8; // +8mm padding after question

                // --- B. CHECK SPACE &amp; PAGE BREAK ---
                if (cursorY + totalQuestionHeight &gt; pageHeight - marginBottom) {
                    addNewPage();
                }

                // --- C. RENDER CONTENT ---
                
                // Render Question Title
                doc.setFontSize(12);
                doc.setTextColor(0, 0, 0);
                doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;bold&quot;);
                doc.text(qTitleLines, marginLeft, cursorY);
                cursorY += qTitleHeight + 2;

                // Render Options
                doc.setFontSize(10);
                doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;normal&quot;);
                
                processedOptions.forEach((pOpt, idx) =&gt; {
                     // Check if this is the correct answer to highlight (Optional visual cue)
                     const letter = String.fromCharCode(65 + idx);
                     if (letter === q.correctAnswer) {
                         doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;bold&quot;);
                         doc.setTextColor(0, 100, 0); // Green
                     } else {
                         doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;normal&quot;);
                         doc.setTextColor(0, 0, 0); // Black
                     }

                    doc.text(pOpt.lines, marginLeft + 5, cursorY);
                    cursorY += pOpt.height + 2;
                });

                // Reset color/font and add bottom padding
                doc.setTextColor(0, 0, 0);
                cursorY += 6; 
            });

            // --- UI: FINALIZING ---
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Saving PDF...&quot;;
            btnProgress.style.width = &quot;90%&quot;;

            // 5. Save File
            doc.save(&#39;PAKMCQs_Questions.pdf&#39;);

            // --- UI: COMPLETE &amp; RESET ---
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Downloaded!&quot;;
            btnProgress.style.width = &quot;100%&quot;;
            
            setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                btn.disabled = false;
                btnText.textContent = originalText;
                btnProgress.style.width = &quot;0%&quot;;
            }, 3000); // Reset after 3 seconds
        }

        // Helper to load image with CORS handling for Blogger Images
        function loadImageAsBase64(url) {
            return new Promise((resolve, reject) =&gt; {
                const img = new Image();
                
                // Ye line zaroori hai taake Google block na kare
                img.crossOrigin = &#39;Anonymous&#39;; 
                
                // URL ke aage time lagaya hai taake browser cache use na kare (Cache breaker)
                if (url.startsWith(&#39;http&#39;)) {
                    img.src = url + (url.includes(&#39;?&#39;) ? &#39;&amp;&#39; : &#39;?&#39;) + &#39;t=&#39; + new Date().getTime();
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&lt;/html&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/51255189599790045/posts/default/6772057624484757528'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/51255189599790045/posts/default/6772057624484757528'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://www.pakmcqs.org/2026/08/7th-Class-General-Science-Unit-8-Force-and-Motion-MCQs-PakMCQs.html' title='7th Class General Science Unit 8 Force and Motion MCQs (قوت اور حرکت) | PAKMCQs'/><author><name>Mehtab Ahmad</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05636204994802332371</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinx5uk35dAmyz2KxRN8NMFKIPyUtmdZEiCA0kQdkFOYX35RgGXgpRLFuAAdbVUxSgPIQHOgZGjE_X_W8UO1EVhVvxO4gf8GDXAjGkownybO9NWGhg3nCaRhK4EpaGl7QF2hZNvvN5GhVM0Y_a74fc-2eyfPvhdFoGJpJAl0ijd4mdqEsNl6s9HjE_i6A/s72-c/7th%20Class%20General%20Science%20Unit%208%20image.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51255189599790045.post-3118500057917043852</id><published>2026-08-28T09:56:00.000+05:00</published><updated>2026-08-28T09:56:00.123+05:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="7th Class General Science"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="7th Class General Science Unit 7"/><title type='text'>7th Class General Science Unit 7 Solutions MCQs (محلول) | PAKMCQs</title><content type='html'>&lt;html lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
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    &lt;meta name=&quot;description&quot; content=&quot;Practice 7th Class General Science Unit 7 Solutions MCQs covering solute, solvent, solutions, solubility, saturated and unsaturated solutions, dilute and concentrated solutions, aqueous solutions, and factors affecting the dissolving process. Prepare with PAKMCQs for ETEA, NTS, KPPSC, PPSC and FPSC exams.
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        .toc-container { background-color: var(--bg-content); border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 20px; margin: 20px 0; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); border: 1px solid var(--primary-color); transition: all 0.3s ease; }
        .toc-container h2 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-top: 0; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border-color, rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.3)); font-size: 1.5rem; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; }
        .toc-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 15px 0 0 0; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr)); gap: 12px; }
        .toc-item { background: var(--bg-main); padding: 12px 15px; border-radius: 6px; border-left: 4px solid var(--primary-color); cursor: pointer; font-weight: 500; color: var(--color-text-primary); transition: all 0.2s ease; display: flex; align-items: center; }
        .toc-item:hover { background: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.15); transform: translateX(5px); border-left-color: var(--secondary-color); }
        .toc-item::before { content: &#39;📌&#39;; margin-right: 10px; font-size: 1.1rem; }

        .in-quiz-topic-heading { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #2c3e50, #3498db); color: white !important; padding: 15px 20px; border-radius: var(--border-radius); font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 40px 0 20px 0; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); text-align: center; position: relative; border: 2px solid #fff; }
        body.light-theme .in-quiz-topic-heading { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #3498db, #2980b9); }

        .question-card.highlight-scroll {
            box-shadow: 0 0 25px #2ecc71 !important;
            border-color: #2ecc71 !important;
            transform: scale(1.01);
            transition: all 0.5s ease;
        }

        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ TOC &amp; TOPIC HEADING STYLES END ============ */
        /* ======================================================== */


        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ FIXED COLOR SETTINGS START ================ */
        /* ======================================================== */

        /* 1. DEFAULT (DARK MODE) SETTINGS */
        /* Since your theme defaults to dark mode, we set Yellow/White here */
        
        .question-text {
            font-size: 1.1rem;
            font-weight: bold;
            color: #FFFF00 !important; /* Yellow for Dark Mode */
            margin-bottom: 10px;
            cursor: pointer;
            display: block;
        }
        
        .urdu-text {
            font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif;
            direction: rtl;
            text-align: right;
            display: block;
            font-size: 1.1rem;
            color: #ffffff !important; /* White for Dark Mode */
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            cursor: pointer;
            line-height: 1.8;
        }

        /* 2. LIGHT MODE OVERRIDES */
        /* These trigger when the body has &#39;light-theme&#39; class */
        
        body.light-theme .question-text {
            color: #006400 !important; /* Dark Green for Light Mode */
        }
        
        body.light-theme .urdu-text {
            color: #000000 !important; /* Black for Light Mode */
        }

        /* Global Selection Notice Box Fixes */
        
        /* Default Dark Mode Box */
        .global-selection-notice {
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.2);
            border: 1px solid #FFFF00;
            padding: 12px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            text-align: center;
            color: #ffffff !important; /* White text default */
        }
        .global-selection-notice .urdu-text {
             color: #ffffff !important;
        }

        /* Light Mode Box Override */
        body.light-theme .global-selection-notice {
            background-color: #fff3cd;
            border: 1px solid #ffeeba;
            color: #856404 !important;
        }
        body.light-theme .global-selection-notice .urdu-text {
             color: #856404 !important;
        }

        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ FIXED COLOR SETTINGS END ================== */
        /* ======================================================== */

        .options {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            gap: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 15px;
        }
        
        .option {
            padding: 12px 15px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1)); 
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            cursor: pointer;
            transition: var(--transition);
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            position: relative;
            background-color: var(--bg-main); /* Slightly distinct from card bg */
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .option:hover {
            border-color: var(--primary-color);
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1);
        }
        
        .option-letter {
            display: inline-block;
            width: 24px;
            height: 24px;
            line-height: 24px;
            text-align: center;
            background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
            border-radius: 50%;
            margin-right: 12px;
            font-weight: 500;
            flex-shrink: 0;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .option-text {
            flex-grow: 1;
        }
        
        /* === UPDATE #1: Highlighted Answer Bold === */
        .correct {
            background-color: rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.2) !important;
            border-color: #28a745 !important;
            color: var(--color-text-primary) !important;
            font-weight: bold !important; /* Added Bold Property */
        }
        .correct .option-letter {
            background-color: #28a745;
            color: white;
        }
        
        .incorrect {
            background-color: rgba(220, 53, 69, 0.2) !important;
            border-color: #dc3545 !important;
            color: var(--color-text-primary) !important;
        }
        .incorrect .option-letter {
            background-color: #dc3545;
            color: white;
        }
        
        .explanation-btn {
            background-color: transparent;
            border: none;
            color: var(--primary-color);
            cursor: pointer;
            font-size: 0.9rem;
            padding: 5px 0;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 5px;
        }
        
        .explanation-btn:hover {
            text-decoration: underline;
        }
        
        .explanation {
            display: none;
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1); /* Transparent for dark mode */
            padding: 12px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-top: 10px;
            border-left: 3px solid var(--primary-color);
            font-size: 0.95rem;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .explanation-image {
            max-width: 100%;
            height: auto;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin: 10px 0;
            display: block;
        }
        .explanation-image-container {
            text-align: center;
            margin: 15px 0;
        }
        
        /* Explanation text highlighting styles */
        .explanation .highlight-red { color: #e74c3c; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-blue { color: #3498db; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-green { color: #2ecc71; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-yellow { 
            color: #f39c12; 
            font-weight: bold; 
            background-color: rgba(243, 156, 18, 0.1);
            padding: 0 2px;
            border-radius: 3px;
        }
        .explanation .highlight-purple { color: #9b59b6; font-weight: bold; }
        
        .controls {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: space-between;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
            gap: 10px;
        }
        
        .btn {
            padding: 10px 20px;
            border: none;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            font-weight: 500;
            cursor: pointer;
            transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .btn-primary { background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; }
        .btn-primary:hover { background-color: #2980b9; }
        .btn-secondary { background-color: #6c757d; color: white; }
        .btn-secondary:hover { background-color: #5a6268; }
        
        .divider {
            height: 1px;
            background-color: var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            margin: 25px 0;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
        }
        
        .ad-container {
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border: 1px dashed var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.2));
            padding: 20px;
            text-align: center;
            margin: 20px 0;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }

        /* RELATED TOPICS SECTION */
        .related-topics {
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            padding: 15px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin: 20px 0;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .related-topics h3 {
            margin-top: 0;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            padding-bottom: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;
        }
        .related-topics ul { padding-left: 20px; }
        .related-topics li { margin-bottom: 8px; color: var(--color-text-primary); }
        .related-topics a { color: var(--primary-color); text-decoration: none; }
        .related-topics a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

        .hidden { display: none; }
        .disabled { opacity: 0.5; pointer-events: none; }
        
        /* Social Share Buttons */
        .share-buttons { display: flex; gap: 8px; margin-top: 15px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
        .share-btn {
            display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
            padding: 6px 10px; border-radius: 4px; color: white;
            font-size: 10px; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s ease;
            text-decoration: none; border: none;
        }
        .share-btn .share-icon {
            width: 10px; height: 10px; margin-right: 5px;
            background-size: contain; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center;
        }
        .share-btn:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); }
        .facebook-btn { background-color: #3b5998; }
        .twitter-btn { background-color: #1da1f2; }
        .whatsapp-btn { background-color: #25d366; }
        .copy-link-btn { background-color: #6c757d; }
        .copy-link-btn.copied { background-color: #28a745; }
        
        .social-share-section {
            margin: 15px 0; padding: 10px;
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); text-align: center;
        }
        .social-share-title { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--color-text-secondary); margin-bottom: 8px; }
        
        /* Pagination Styles */
        .pagination { display: flex; justify-content: center; margin: 30px 0; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 5px; }
        .page-btn {
            padding: 8px 15px; margin: 0 2px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); background-color: var(--bg-content);
            color: var(--color-text-primary); cursor: pointer; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .page-btn:hover:not(.active) { background-color: var(--bg-main); }
        .active { background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; border-color: var(--primary-color); }
        .page-nav {
            padding: 8px 15px; margin: 0 2px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); background-color: var(--bg-content);
            color: var(--color-text-primary); cursor: pointer; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .page-nav:hover { background-color: var(--bg-main); }
        .disabled-nav { opacity: 0.5; cursor: not-allowed; pointer-events: none; }
        
        .page-search { margin-top: 15px; display: flex; justify-content: center; width: 100%; }
        .page-search input {
            padding: 8px 15px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); width: 150px; text-align: center;
            margin-right: 5px; background-color: var(--bg-content); color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        .page-search button {
            padding: 8px 15px; border: none; border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; cursor: pointer;
        }
        .page-ellipsis { display: inline-block; padding: 8px 12px; color: var(--color-text-secondary); }
        
        /* FAQ Section Styles */
        .faq-section {
            margin: 30px 0; background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 20px; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .faq-section h2 { color: var(--color-text-primary); border-bottom: 2px solid var(--primary-color); padding-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0; }
        .faq-item {
            margin-bottom: 15px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); overflow: hidden; transition: border-color 0.3s ease;
        }
        .faq-question {
            background-color: var(--bg-main); padding: 12px 15px; cursor: pointer;
            font-weight: 500; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        .faq-question:hover { background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1); }
        .faq-answer {
            padding: 15px; background-color: var(--bg-content); display: none;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; color: var(--color-text-secondary);
        }
        .faq-answer.show { display: block; }
        .faq-toggle { font-size: 1.2rem; transition: var(--transition); }
        .faq-toggle.rotated { transform: rotate(45deg); }

        /* Image Between Questions */
        .question-image { margin: 20px 0; text-align: center; }
        .question-image a { display: inline-block; }
        .question-image img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: var(--border-radius); box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); transition: transform 0.3s ease; }
        .question-image img:hover { transform: scale(1.02); }
        .question-image-caption { margin-top: 8px; font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--color-text-secondary); text-align: center; }

        .share-image-canvas { position: fixed; top: -9999px; left: -9999px; visibility: hidden; }

        .tts-btn {
            background-color: #6c757d; color: white; border: none;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 8px 12px; margin: 10px 0;
            cursor: pointer; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px;
            font-size: 0.9rem; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .tts-btn:hover { background-color: #5a6268; }
        .tts-btn i { font-size: 1rem; }

        .translate-btn {
            background-color: #3498db; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 4px;
            padding: 5px 10px; margin: 5px 0; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.8rem; transition: all 0.2s ease;
        }
        .translate-btn:hover { background-color: #2980b9; }
        .translate-btn i { display: none; }
        
        .explanation-urdu {
            display: none; font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif; direction: rtl;
            text-align: right; margin-top: 10px; line-height: 2.2; font-size: 1.0rem; 
        }

        /* Expandable Content Section */
        .expandable-content {
            background-color: var(--bg-content); border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            padding: 20px; margin: 20px 0; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
            transition: all 0.3s ease; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .expandable-content h2 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-top: 0; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--primary-color); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
        .content-translate-btn { background-color: var(--secondary-color); color: white; border: none; border-radius: 4px; padding: 5px 10px; font-size: 0.8rem; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s ease; }
        .content-translate-btn:hover { background-color: #27ae60; }
        
        .content-preview { position: relative; overflow: hidden; max-height: 120px; transition: max-height 0.5s ease; }
        .content-preview.expanded { max-height: none; }
        .content-preview::after {
            content: &#39;&#39;; position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 40px;
            background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255,255,255,0), var(--bg-content)); transition: opacity 0.3s ease; opacity: 1;
        }
        .content-preview.expanded::after { opacity: 0; }
        
        .read-more-btn { display: inline-block; margin-top: 10px; color: var(--primary-color); cursor: pointer; font-weight: 500; transition: all 0.2s ease; }
        .read-more-btn:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
        
        .content-body { margin-bottom: 15px; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--color-text-primary); }
        .content-body p { margin-bottom: 15px; }
        .content-body img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: var(--border-radius); margin: 15px 0; display: block; }
        .content-body .image-link { display: inline-block; position: relative; }
        .content-body .image-link:hover::after {
            content: &#39;Click to view&#39;; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;
            background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; border-radius: var(--border-radius);
        }
        .content-body h3 { color: #e74c3c; margin: 20px 0 10px 0; }
        .content-body h4 { color: #3498db; margin: 15px 0 8px 0; }
        .content-body .highlight-word { color: #9b59b6; font-weight: bold; }
        .content-body .highlight-link { color: #e67e22; text-decoration: underline; font-weight: 500; }
        .content-body .highlight-link:hover { color: #d35400; }
        .content-body .urdu-content { display: none; font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif; direction: rtl; text-align: right; line-height: 2; }

        .hidden-faq { display: none; }
        .see-more-faq { text-align: center; margin-top: 20px; }
        .see-more-faq .btn { padding: 8px 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; }

        .question-actions { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-top: 15px; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; }

        .modern-comment-link {
            z-index: 5; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px;
            padding: 6px 12px; border-radius: 50px; background: linear-gradient(45deg, #28a745, #20c997);
            color: white; text-decoration: none; font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 500; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.8, 0.25, 1);
        }
        .modern-comment-link:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: 0 6px 15px rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.3); color: white; }
        .modern-comment-link svg { width: 18px; height: 18px; fill: currentColor; }


        /* ========================================================================= */
        /* == MOBILE RESPONSIVE TWEAKS (GAP KAM KARNE KE LIYE YAHAN CHANGES KI HAIN) == */
        /* ========================================================================= */
        @media (max-width: 768px) {
            /* Blogger Theme ki padding ka gap khatam/kam karne ke liye Negative Margin lagaya gaya hai */
            .no-blogger-overlap {
                margin-left: -12px;
                margin-right: -12px;
            }
            .toc-list { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
            .in-quiz-topic-heading { font-size: 1.2rem; padding: 12px; }
            body { padding: 0px; }
            .info-banner h1 { font-size: 1.5rem; }
            .question-text { font-size: 1.1rem; }
            .urdu-text { font-size: 1rem; }
            .page-btn, .page-nav { padding: 6px 10px; font-size: 0.9rem; }
            .faq-question { font-size: 1rem; }
            .share-buttons { gap: 6px; }
            .share-btn { padding: 6px 10px; font-size: 12px; }
            .share-btn .share-icon { width: 10px; height: 10px; }
            .pdf-download-btn { padding: 8px 15px; font-size: 0.9rem; }
            
            /* Andar ki jagga ko adjust kiya gaya hai */
            .question-card { padding: 15px; } 
            
            .option { padding: 10px 12px; }
            .category-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
            .expandable-content { padding: 15px; }
            .content-preview { max-height: 100px; }
        }
        
        @media (max-width: 480px) {
            /* Choti screen pe gap ko mazeed theek karne ke liye thora aur margin diya gaya hai */
            .no-blogger-overlap {
                margin-left: -16px;
                margin-right: -16px;
            }
            body { padding: 0px; }
            .info-banner { padding: 15px; }
            .info-banner h1 { font-size: 1.3rem; }
            .controls { flex-direction: column; }
            .controls .btn { width: 100%; }
            .pagination { gap: 3px; justify-content: center; }
            .page-btn, .page-nav { padding: 8px 12px; font-size: 0.95rem; min-width: 40px; }
            .page-search input { width: 100px; padding: 10px; }
            .page-search button { padding: 5px 10px; }
            .expandable-content h2 { font-size: 1.2rem; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 10px; }
            .category-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(1, 1fr); }
            .modern-comment-link { padding: 5px 10px; font-size: 0.4rem; gap: 4px; }
            .modern-comment-link svg { width: 10px; height: 10px; }
            .explanation-btn { font-size: 0.85rem; }
            .card-badge { font-size: 9px; padding: 3px 8px; }
            
            /* Choti screens ke liye question card padding adjustment */
            .question-card { padding: 12px; }
        }
    &lt;/style&gt;
    &lt;!-- STEP 1: AdSense Script ko &lt;head&gt; main rakhein --&gt;
    &lt;script async src=&quot;https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4073269280727447&quot; crossorigin=&quot;anonymous&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;/head&gt;
&lt;body&gt;
    &lt;!-- Main content wrapper to prevent Blogger conflicts --&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;no-blogger-overlap&quot;&gt;
        &lt;img class=&quot;header-image&quot; id=&quot;headerImage&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWmHjyoFmZg2yjEOwo-8b4x42LlcJIOnYXGf29ng2vuBoRVsj83tbTZbsluVcB0_PDzX496qUgVF5NODsBmrbol9f4x7jXVRUm3EfzB4EiPEDCyYf3A0eEEUa8cTGqcmJc3pyR95WINbtmCjFk3a92tEOUNXmBbz4znejmwxCxSyYmL8FraU4RQZq2fQ/s1600/7th%20Class%20General%20Science%20Unit%207%20image.jpg&quot; /&gt;
        
        &lt;!-- HEADER AD SECTION HATA DIYA GAYA HAI --&gt;

        &lt;!-- Info Banner Section --&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;info-banner&quot;&gt;
            &lt;h1&gt;Solutions MCQs | 7th Class General Science Unit 7 | PakMCQs&lt;/h1&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Practice 7th Class General Science Unit 7 Solutions MCQs covering solute, solvent, solution formation, solubility, aqueous solutions, saturated and unsaturated solutions, and dilute and concentrated solutions. The MCQs also cover factors that increase the rate of dissolving, such as temperature, stirring and breaking solids into smaller pieces.Prepare with PAKMCQs for ETEA, NTS, KPPSC, PPSC and FPSC exams.&lt;/p&gt;
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    &lt;h2&gt;Solutions | سلوشنز (حلول)
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                &lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #e74c3c;&quot;&gt;7th Class General Science Unit 7: Solutions&lt;/h3&gt;
                
                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;Unit ka Khulasa&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Jab do ya do se zyada substances is tarah mix hon ke aik homogeneous mixture ban jaye, to isay solution kehte hain. Solution ke do basic parts hote hain: solute aur solvent.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Misal ke taur par lemonade mein sugar aur lemon juice solutes hain, jabke water solvent hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Is Unit mein hum solution, solute, solvent, solubility, saturated, unsaturated, dilute aur concentrated solutions ke sath temperature, pressure aur dissolving process ke effects ko samjhenge.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;1. Solution Kya Hai?&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Do ya do se zyada substances ka homogeneous mixture &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;solution&lt;/span&gt; kehlata hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p style=&quot;font-family: monospace; border-left: 4px solid #27ae60; padding-left: 10px; margin: 10px 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Solution = Solute + Solvent&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Example (Lemonade):&lt;/b&gt; Lemonade banane ke liye sugar aur lemon juice ko water mein dissolve kiya jata hai. Yahan Solute sugar aur lemon juice hai, jabke Solvent water (pani) hai, aur inka homogeneous mixture Solution (Lemonade) kehlata hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;2. Solute Kya Hai? &amp; 3. Solvent Kya Hai?&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Solute:&lt;/span&gt; Wo substance jo solvent mein dissolve hota hai aur aam tor par kam miktar mein hota hai, usay solute kehte hain. (&lt;i&gt;Easy Trick: Solute = Jo dissolve ho&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Solvent:&lt;/span&gt; Wo substance jis mein solute dissolve hota hai aur jo aam tor par zyada miktar mein hota hai, usay solvent kehte hain. (&lt;i&gt;Easy Trick: Solvent = Jis mein solute dissolve ho&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;4. Solution ke Rozmarrah Examples&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Solution&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Solute&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Solvent&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Salt water&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Salt&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Water&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Sugar solution&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Sugar&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Water&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Vinegar&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Acetic acid&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Water&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Lemonade&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Sugar + lemon juice&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Water&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Air&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Oxygen aur doosri gases&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Nitrogen&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Alcohol solution&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Ethanol&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Water&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Smoke&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Ash/soot particles&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Air&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Bronze&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Tin&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Copper&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;5. Water as Universal Solvent&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Water ko universal solvent kaha jata hai kyun ke ye bohat si substances ko dissolve kar sakta hai. Jis solution mein water solvent ho, usay &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #16a085;&quot;&gt;aqueous solution (آبی حلول)&lt;/span&gt; kehte hain. (e.g. Sugar solution, Salt solution, aur Mineral water). &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Important: Water as solvent &amp;rarr; Aqueous solution&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;6. Solution Mukhtalif States mein Ho Sakta Hai&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Solutions sirf liquid form mein nahi hote, balkay ye different states mein bhi ho sakte hain:&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Gas in gas:&lt;/b&gt; Air (Oxygen in Nitrogen. Solute = Oxygen, Solvent = Nitrogen)&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Gas in liquid:&lt;/b&gt; Oxygen dissolved in water&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Gas in solid:&lt;/b&gt; Hydrogen in palladium&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Liquid in gas:&lt;/b&gt; Humid air&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Liquid in liquid:&lt;/b&gt; Ethanol in water&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Liquid in solid:&lt;/b&gt; Mercury in silver&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Solid in gas:&lt;/b&gt; Smoke&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Solid in liquid:&lt;/b&gt; Salt water&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Solid in solid:&lt;/b&gt; Bronze (Tin dissolved in copper)&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;7. Soluble aur Insoluble&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #27ae60;&quot;&gt;Soluble:&lt;/span&gt; Jo substance water mein completely dissolve ho jaye (e.g., Sugar + Water &amp;rarr; Soluble).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #c0392b;&quot;&gt;Insoluble:&lt;/span&gt; Jo substance water mein dissolve na ho (e.g., Sand + Water &amp;rarr; Insoluble).&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;8. Concentration of a Solution (Dilute &amp; Concentrated)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Kisi given amount of solvent mein dissolved solute ki amount ko solution ki concentration kehte hain. Is ki do basic types hain:&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9;&quot;&gt;9. Dilute Solution:&lt;/span&gt; Jis mein solvent ke muqable mein kam amount of solute dissolved ho (e.g., Aik glass water mein 1 spoon sugar). &lt;i&gt;Dilute &amp;rarr; Less solute&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #c0392b;&quot;&gt;10. Concentrated Solution:&lt;/span&gt; Jis mein solvent ke muqable mein zyada amount of solute dissolved ho (e.g., Aik glass water mein 3 spoons sugar). &lt;i&gt;Concentrated &amp;rarr; More solute&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;11. Solubility, 12. Saturated &amp; 13. Unsaturated Solutions&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Solubility:&lt;/span&gt; Kisi particular temperature par solvent ki given amount mein solute ki jo maximum amount dissolve ho sakti hai. Har substance ki solubility aik jaisi nahi hoti.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Saturated Solution:&lt;/span&gt; Jab solvent mein solute ki maximum amount dissolve ho jaye aur mazeed solute dissolve na ho sake (e.g., 100 mL water mein max 36 g NaCl dissolve hota hai. Agar 40 g add kiya jaye, to 36 g dissolve hoga aur 4 g undissolved reh jayega). &lt;i&gt;Saturated = Full&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Unsaturated Solution:&lt;/span&gt; Jis solution mein abhi mazeed solute dissolve ho sakta ho (e.g., 100 mL water mein 30 g NaCl dissolved hai aur mazeed capacity baqi ho). &lt;i&gt;Unsaturated = Abhi aur dissolve ho sakta hai&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;Saturated aur Unsaturated mein Farq&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Unsaturated&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Saturated&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Mazeed solute dissolve ho sakta hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Mazeed solute normally dissolve nahi hota&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Maximum limit reach nahi hui&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Maximum limit reach ho gayi&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Solution abhi &quot;full&quot; nahi&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Solution &quot;full&quot; hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;15. Supersaturated &amp; 16. Rock Candy&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Jab high temperature par saturated solution mein mazeed solute dissolve kar diya jaye aur phir temperature decrease ho, to aik &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #8e44ad; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;supersaturated solution&lt;/span&gt; ban sakta hai. Ye solution unstable hota hai aur extra solute crystals ki shakal mein bahar aa jata hai jise &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60;&quot;&gt;crystallization (قلم سازی)&lt;/span&gt; kehte hain. &lt;b&gt;Rock Candy (مصری)&lt;/b&gt; isi supersaturated solution aur crystallization ke process se banti hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;Factors Affecting Solubility&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #2980b9;&quot;&gt;18. Nature of Solute and Solvent:&lt;/span&gt; Similar chemical properties wali substances aik doosre mein dissolve hoti hain (&lt;b&gt;Like dissolves like&lt;/b&gt;). different properties ke bais oil aur water mix nahi hote aur separate layers banate hain.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #d35400;&quot;&gt;19. Temperature ka Effect:&lt;/span&gt; Temperature barhne se solids aur liquids ki solubility barhti hai (&lt;i&gt;Temperature &amp;uarr; &amp;rarr; Solubility &amp;uarr;&lt;/i&gt;), magar gases ki solubility decrease hoti hai (&lt;i&gt;Temperature &amp;uarr; &amp;rarr; Gas solubility &amp;darr;&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #8e44ad;&quot;&gt;21. Pressure ka Effect:&lt;/span&gt; Pressure ka effect gases ki solubility par hota hai, pressure barhne se gas ki solubility barhti hai (e.g., Soda bottle kholne par CO₂ bubbles ki shakal mein bahar nikalti hai). Solids aur liquids ki solubility pressure se affect nahi hoti.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;22. Dissolving Process ko Fast Kaise Karein?&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Solute ko solvent mein jaldi dissolve karne ke 3 important methods hain: &lt;br&gt;
                1. &lt;b&gt;Temperature Increase Karna (Heat)&lt;/b&gt; | 2. &lt;b&gt;Stirring (Hilana)&lt;/b&gt; | 3. &lt;b&gt;Grinding (Peesna)&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;Easy Trick: Heat + Stir + Grind = Faster Dissolving&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;23. Dissolving aur Solubility mein Farq:&lt;/b&gt; Dissolving ek process hai, jabke Solubility solute ki maximum capacity (gunjayish) ko kehte hain.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;24. Solutions ki Everyday Applications &amp; 25. Cleaning Tarnished Coins&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Daily life solutions jese tea, coffee, salt water, detergents, saline solution (blood dehydration mein medical salt water solution) ahem hain. Copper coins hawa mein oxygen ke sath reaction karke copper oxide ki layer banate hain jis se coin mand/tarnished lagta hai. Acidic solutions is layer ko remove karti hain:&lt;br&gt;
                • Cola (phosphoric acid) | • Citrus juice (citric acid) | • Vinegar (acetic acid) + salt.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #2980b9;&quot;&gt;26. Important Solvents:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;b&gt;Turpentine&lt;/b&gt; (paints aur dyes ki production mein) aur &lt;b&gt;Acetone&lt;/b&gt; (nail polish remover, paint remover mein).&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;div style=&quot;border-left: 5px solid #2e7d32; padding-left: 15px; margin: 15px 0;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;h5 style=&quot;margin-top: 0; color: #2e7d32;&quot;&gt;Quick Revision&lt;/h5&gt;
                    &lt;p&gt;• Solution ek homogeneous mixture hota hai jo solute aur solvent se banta hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Water ko universal solvent kaha jata hai. Water-based solution ko aqueous solution kehte hain.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Dilute solution mein solute kam hota hai, concentrated mein zyada hota hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Saturated mein maximum solute solve ho chuka hota hai aur unsaturated mein mazeed scope hota hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Like dissolves like. Heat + Stir + Grind = Faster dissolving. Rock candy crystallization ki example hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;/div&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;Important MCQs Facts&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• Solution &amp;rarr; Homogeneous mixture | • Solution &amp;rarr; Solute + Solvent&lt;br&gt;
                • Solute &amp;rarr; Dissolves | • Solvent &amp;rarr; Dissolves the solute&lt;br&gt;
                • Water &amp;rarr; Universal solvent | • Water-based solution &amp;rarr; Aqueous solution&lt;br&gt;
                • Sugar in water &amp;rarr; Soluble | • Sand in water &amp;rarr; Insoluble&lt;br&gt;
                • Less solute &amp;rarr; Dilute solution | • More solute &amp;rarr; Concentrated solution&lt;br&gt;
                • Maximum solute dissolved &amp;rarr; Saturated solution | • More solute can still dissolve &amp;rarr; Unsaturated solution&lt;br&gt;
                • Crystals formation &amp;rarr; Crystallization | • Rock candy &amp;rarr; Crystallization&lt;br&gt;
                • Like dissolves like &amp;rarr; Similar chemical properties wali substances&lt;br&gt;
                • Solid solubility generally with temperature &amp;rarr; Increases&lt;br&gt;
                • Gas solubility with temperature &amp;rarr; Decreases | • Gas solubility with pressure &amp;rarr; Increases&lt;br&gt;
                • Faster dissolving &amp;rarr; Heating, stirring, grinding&lt;br&gt;
                • Air &amp;rarr; Oxygen dissolved in nitrogen&lt;br&gt;
                • Salt water &amp;rarr; Salt is solute, water is solvent&lt;br&gt;
                • Vinegar &amp;rarr; Acetic acid is solute, water is solvent&lt;br&gt;
                • Bronze &amp;rarr; Tin dissolved in copper | • Smoke &amp;rarr; Solid particles in air&lt;br&gt;
                • Cola cleaning tarnished coins &amp;rarr; Phosphoric acid | • Citrus juice &amp;rarr; Citric acid | • Vinegar &amp;rarr; Acetic acid&lt;/p&gt;
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                &lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #e74c3c;&quot;&gt;ساتویں کلاس جنرل سائنس – یونٹ 7&lt;/h3&gt;
                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;یونٹ 7: سلوشنز (حلول)&lt;/h4&gt;
                
                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;یونٹ کا خلاصہ&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;جب دو یا دو سے زیادہ سبسٹنسز (اشیاء) اس طرح مکس (مخلوط) ہوں کہ ایک ہوموجینیئس مکسچر (یک جان آمیزہ) بن جائے، تو اسے سلوشن کہتے ہیں۔ سلوشن کے دو بیسک (بنیادی) پارٹس ہوتے ہیں: سولیوٹ اور سالونٹ۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;مثال کے طور پر لیمونیڈ (لیموں کے شربت) میں شوگر (چینی) اور لیمن جوس (لیموں کا رس) سولیوٹس ہیں، جبکہ واٹر (پانی) سالونٹ ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;اس یونٹ میں ہم سلوشن، سولیوٹ، سالونٹ، سولیوبلیٹی (حل پذیری)، سیچوریٹڈ، ان سیچوریٹڈ، ڈائلیوٹ اور کنسنٹریٹڈ سلوشنز کے ساتھ ٹمپریچر (درجہ حرارت)، پریشر (دباؤ) اور ڈیزالونگ پروسیس (حل ہونے کے عمل) کے اثرات کو سمجھیں گے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;1۔ سلوشن کیا ہے؟&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;دو یا دو سے زیادہ سبسٹنسز کا ہوموجینیئس مکسچر سلوشن کہلاتا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p style=&quot;font-family: monospace; border-right: 4px solid #27ae60; padding-right: 10px; margin: 10px 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;سلوشن = سولیوٹ + سالونٹ&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;مثال (لیمونیڈ):&lt;/b&gt; لیمونیڈ بنانے کے لیے شوگر (چینی) اور لیمن جوس کو واٹر (پانی) میں ڈیزالو (حل) کیا جاتا ہے۔ یہاں سولیوٹ شوگر اور لیمن جوس ہے، جبکہ سالونٹ واٹر (پانی) ہے، اور انکا ہوموجینیئس مکسچر سلوشن (لیمونیڈ) کہلاتا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;2۔ سولیوٹ (Solute) کیا ہے؟ اور 3۔ سالونٹ (Solvent) کیا ہے؟&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;سولیوٹ:&lt;/span&gt; وہ سبسٹنس (مادہ) جو سالونٹ میں ڈیزالو (حل) ہوتا ہے اور عام طور پر کم مقدار میں ہوتا ہے، اسے سولیوٹ کہتے ہیں۔ (&lt;i&gt;آسان طریقہ: سولیوٹ = جو حل ہو&lt;/i&gt;)۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;سالونٹ:&lt;/span&gt; وہ سبسٹنس جس میں سولیوٹ ڈیزالو (حل) ہوتا ہے اور جو عام طور پر زیادہ مقدار میں ہوتا ہے، اسے سالونٹ کہتے ہیں۔ (&lt;i&gt;آسان طریقہ: سالونٹ = جس میں سولیوٹ ڈیزالو ہو&lt;/i&gt;)۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;4۔ سلوشن کی روزمرہ مثالیں&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;سلوشن (Solution)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;سولیوٹ (Solute)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;سالونٹ (Solvent)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;نمکین پانی (Salt water)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;سالٹ (نمک)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پانی (Water)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;چینی کا سلوشن (Sugar solution)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;شوگر (چینی)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پانی&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;سرکہ (Vinegar)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ایسٹک ایسڈ&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پانی&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;لیمونیڈ (Lemonade)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;شوگر + لیموں کا رس&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پانی&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ہوا (Air)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;آکسیجن اور دوسری گیسیں&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;نائٹروجن&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;الکحل سلوشن&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ایتھنول&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پانی&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;دھواں (Smoke)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;راکھ/کاجل کے پارٹیکلز&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ہوا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;برونز (بھرت)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ٹن&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;تانبا (کاپر)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;5۔ پانی بطور یونیورسل سالونٹ (آفاقی سالونٹ)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;پانی کو یونیورسل سالونٹ کہا جاتا ہے کیونکہ یہ بہت سی سبسٹنسز کو ڈیزالو کر سکتا ہے۔ جس سلوشن میں پانی سالونٹ ہو، اسے &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #16a085;&quot;&gt;ایکوئیس سلوشن (آبی حلول)&lt;/span&gt; کہتے ہیں۔ (جیسے شوگر سلوشن، سالٹ سلوشن، اور منرل واٹر)۔ &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;اہم اصول: پانی بطور سالونٹ &amp;rarr; ایکوئیس سلوشن&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;6۔ سلوشن مختلف اسٹیٹس (حالتوں) میں ہو سکتا ہے&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;سلوشنز صرف لکوڈ (مائع) فارم میں نہیں ہوتے، بلکہ یہ مختلف حالتوں میں بھی ہو سکتے ہیں:&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;گیس میں گیس:&lt;/b&gt; ہوا (ایئر) (آکسیجن نائٹروجن میں۔ سولیوٹ = آکسیجن، سالونٹ = نائٹروجن)&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;گیس لکوڈ میں:&lt;/b&gt; آکسیجن پانی میں حل شدہ&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;گیس سالڈ میں:&lt;/b&gt; ہائیڈروجن پیلیڈیم میں&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;لکوڈ گیس میں:&lt;/b&gt; نم دار ہوا&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;لکوڈ لکوڈ میں:&lt;/b&gt; ایتھنول پانی میں&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;لکوڈ سالڈ میں:&lt;/b&gt; مرکری (پارہ) چاندی میں&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;سالڈ گیس میں:&lt;/b&gt; دھواں&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;سالڈ لکوڈ میں:&lt;/b&gt; نمکین پانی&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;سالڈ سالڈ میں:&lt;/b&gt; برونز (بھرت)&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;7۔ سالوبل (حل پذیر) اور ان سالوبل (غیر حل پذیر)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #27ae60;&quot;&gt;سالوبل (حل پذیر):&lt;/span&gt; جو سبسٹنس پانی میں مکمل طور پر (کمپلیٹلی) ڈیزالو ہو جائے (مثال: شوگر + واٹر &amp;rarr; سالوبل)۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #c0392b;&quot;&gt;ان سالوبل (غیر حل پذیر):&lt;/span&gt; جو سبسٹنس پانی میں ڈیزالو نہ ہو (مثال: ریت + واٹر &amp;rarr; ان سالوبل)۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;8۔ سلوشن کی کنسنٹریشن (ارتکاز) - ڈائلیوٹ اور کنسنٹریٹڈ&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;کسی دی گئی مقدار (گیون اماؤنٹ) کے سالونٹ میں حل شدہ سولیوٹ کی مقدار کو سلوشن کی کنسنٹریشن کہتے ہیں۔ اس کی دو بنیادی اقسام ہیں:&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9;&quot;&gt;9۔ ڈائلیوٹ سلوشن (Dilute):&lt;/span&gt; جس میں سالونٹ کے مقابلے میں کم مقدار میں سولیوٹ حل شدہ ہو (مثال: ایک گلاس پانی میں 1 چمچ شوگر)۔ &lt;i&gt;ڈائلیوٹ &amp;rarr; کم سولیوٹ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #c0392b;&quot;&gt;10۔ کنسنٹریٹڈ سلوشن (Concentrated):&lt;/span&gt; جس میں سالونٹ کے مقابلے میں زیادہ مقدار میں سولیوٹ حل شدہ ہو (مثال: ایک گلاس پانی میں 3 چمچ شوگر)۔ &lt;i&gt;کنسنٹریٹڈ &amp;rarr; زیادہ سولیوٹ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;11۔ سولیوبلیٹی (حل پذیری)، 12۔ سیچوریٹڈ اور 13۔ ان سیچوریٹڈ سلوشنز&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;سولیوبلیٹی:&lt;/span&gt; کسی مخصوص ٹمپریچر (درجہ حرارت) پر سالونٹ کی دی گئی مقدار میں سولیوٹ کی جو زیادہ سے زیادہ مقدار حل ہو سکتی ہے۔ ہر سبسٹنس کی سولیوبلیٹی ایک جیسی نہیں ہوتی۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;سیچوریٹڈ سلوشن:&lt;/span&gt; جب سالونٹ میں سولیوٹ کی زیادہ سے زیادہ مقدار حل ہو جائے اور مزید سولیوٹ حل نہ ہو سکے (مثال: 100 ملی لیٹر پانی میں زیادہ سے زیادہ 36 گرام نمک حل ہو سکتا ہے۔ اگر 40 گرام شامل کیا جائے تو 36 گرام حل ہوگا اور 4 گرام غیر حل شدہ رہ جائے گا)۔ &lt;i&gt;سیچوریٹڈ = فل&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ان سیچوریٹڈ سلوشن:&lt;/span&gt; جس سلوشن میں ابھی مزید سولیوٹ حل ہو سکتا ہو (مثال: 100 ملی لیٹر پانی میں 30 گرام نمک حل ہو جائے اور مزید نمک کے لیے گنجائش باقی ہو)۔ &lt;i&gt;ان سیچوریٹڈ = ابھی اور حل ہو سکتا ہے&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;سیچوریٹڈ اور ان سیچوریٹڈ میں فرق&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ان سیچوریٹڈ (Unsaturated)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;سیچوریٹڈ (Saturated)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;مزید سولیوٹ حل ہو سکتا ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;مزید سولیوٹ عام طور پر حل نہیں ہوتا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;زیادہ سے زیادہ حد تک نہیں پہنچا&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;زیادہ سے زیادہ حد تک پہنچ چکا ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;سلوشن ابھی &quot;فل&quot; نہیں ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;سلوشن &quot;فل&quot; ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;15۔ سوپر سیچوریٹڈ سلوشن اور 16۔ راک کینڈی (مصری)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;جب ہائی ٹمپریچر پر سیچوریٹڈ سلوشن میں مزید سولیوٹ حل کر دیا جائے اور پھر ٹمپریچر کم ہو، تو ایک &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #8e44ad; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;سوپر سیچوریٹڈ سلوشن&lt;/span&gt; بن سکتا ہے۔ یہ سلوشن انسٹیبل ہوتا ہے اور اضافی سولیوٹ کرسٹلز کی شکل میں باہر آ سکتا ہے جسے &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60;&quot;&gt;کرسٹلائزیشن (قلم سازی)&lt;/span&gt; کہتے ہیں۔ &lt;b&gt;راک کینڈی (مصری)&lt;/b&gt; شوگر اور واٹر کے سوپر سیچوریٹڈ سلوشن اور کرسٹلائزیشن کے عمل سے بنائی جاتی ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;سولیوبلیٹی کو متاثر کرنے والے عوامل&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #2980b9;&quot;&gt;18۔ سولیوٹ اور سالونٹ کی نوعیت:&lt;/span&gt; ملتی جلتی کیمیاوی خصوصیات والی اشیاء ایک دوسرے میں زیادہ آسانی سے حل ہوتی ہیں (&lt;b&gt;لائک ڈیزالوز لائک&lt;/b&gt;)۔ آئل اور واٹر مختلف خصوصیات کے باعث مکس نہیں ہوتے اور الگ تہیں بناتے ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #d35400;&quot;&gt;19۔ ٹمپریچر کا اثر:&lt;/span&gt; ٹمپریچر بڑھنے سے عام طور پر سالڈز اور لکوڈز کی پانی میں سولیوبلیٹی بڑھتی ہے (&lt;i&gt;ٹمپریچر اوپر &amp;rarr; سولیوبلیٹی اوپر&lt;/i&gt;)، لیکن گیس کی سولیوبلیٹی کم ہوتی ہے (&lt;i&gt;ٹمپریچر اوپر &amp;rarr; گیس کی سولیوبلیٹی نیچے&lt;/i&gt;)۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #8e44ad;&quot;&gt;21۔ پریشر کا اثر:&lt;/span&gt; پریشر کا اثر گیسوں کی سولیوبلیٹی پر زیادہ ہوتا ہے، پریشر بڑھنے سے گیس کی سولیوبلیٹی بڑھتی ہے (مثال: سوڈا بوتل کھولنے پر کاربن ڈائی آکسائیڈ غبارے کے بلبلوں کی شکل میں باہر نکلتی ہے)۔ سالڈز اور لکوڈز کی سولیوبلیٹی پریشر سے متاثر نہیں ہوتی۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;22۔ حل کرنے کے عمل (ڈیزالونگ پروسیس) کو تیز کیسے کریں؟&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;کسی سولیوٹ کو سالونٹ میں جلدی حل کرنے کے 3 اہم طریقے ہیں: &lt;br&gt;
                1. &lt;b&gt;ٹمپریچر بڑھانا (گرمی)&lt;/b&gt; | 2. &lt;b&gt;ہلانا (اسٹرنگ)&lt;/b&gt; | 3. &lt;b&gt;پیسنا (گرائنڈنگ)&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;آسان طریقہ: گرمی + ہلانا + پیسنا = تیز ترین حل ہونا&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;23۔ ڈیزالونگ اور سولیوبلیٹی میں فرق:&lt;/b&gt; ڈیزالونگ ایک پروسیس (عمل) ہے، جبکہ سولیوبلیٹی سولیوٹ کی زیادہ سے زیادہ گنجائش (میکسیمم کیپیسٹی) کو کہتے ہیں۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;24۔ سلوشنز کے روزمرہ استعمالات اور 25۔ گندے سکوں کو صاف کرنا&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;روزمرہ سلوشنز جیسے چائے، کافی، نمکین پانی، واشنگ سلوشنز، میڈیسنز اور سیلائن سلوشن (پانی اور سوڈیم کلورائیڈ کا مکسچر جو ڈی ہائیڈریشن کے علاج میں استعمال ہوتا ہے) اہم ہیں۔ کاپر کے سکے ہوا میں آکسیجن کے ساتھ ری ایکشن کر کے کاپر آکسائیڈ کی تہہ بنا سکتے ہیں جس سے سکہ ماند (ٹارنشڈ) نظر آتا ہے۔ تیزابی غذائی سلوشنز اس تہہ کو دور کرنے میں مدد کر سکتی ہیں:&lt;br&gt;
                • کولا (فاسفورک ایسڈ) | • لیموں کا رس (سائٹرک ایسڈ) | • سرکہ (ایسٹک ایسڈ) + نمک۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #2980b9;&quot;&gt;26۔ اہم سالونٹس:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;b&gt;ٹرپینٹائن&lt;/b&gt; (پینٹس اور انکس کی تیاری میں) اور &lt;b&gt;ایسیٹون&lt;/b&gt; (نیل پالش ریموور، پینٹ ریموور میں)۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;div style=&quot;border-right: 5px solid #2e7d32; padding-right: 15px; margin: 15px 0;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;h5 style=&quot;margin-top: 0; color: #2e7d32;&quot;&gt;فوری اعادہ (Quick Revision)&lt;/h5&gt;
                    &lt;p&gt;• سلوشن ایک ہوموجینیئس مکسچر ہوتا ہے جو سولیوٹ اور سالونٹ سے بنتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • پانی کو یونیورسل سالونٹ کہا جاتا ہے۔ پانی کو سالونٹ رکھنے والے سلوشن کو ایکوئیس سلوشن کہتے ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • ڈائلیوٹ سلوشن میں سولیوٹ کی مقدار کم ہوتی ہے جبکہ کنسنٹریٹڈ میں زیادہ ہوتی ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • سیچوریٹڈ میں زیادہ سے زیادہ سولیوٹ حل ہو چکا ہوتا ہے اور ان سیچوریٹڈ میں مزید گنجائش ہوتی ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • لائک ڈیزالوز لائک۔ گرمی + ہلانا + پیسنا = تیز ترین حل ہونا۔ راک کینڈی کرسٹلائزیشن کی مثال ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;/div&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;اہم ایم سی کیوز حقائق&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• سلوشن &amp;rarr; ہوموجینیئس مکسچر | • سلوشن &amp;rarr; سولیوٹ + سالونٹ&lt;br&gt;
                • سولیوٹ &amp;rarr; جو حل ہوتا ہے | • سالونٹ &amp;rarr; جو سولیوٹ کو حل کرتا ہے&lt;br&gt;
                • پانی &amp;rarr; یونیورسل سالونٹ | • پانی پر مبنی سلوشن &amp;rarr; ایکوئیس سلوشن&lt;br&gt;
                • پانی میں چینی &amp;rarr; سالوبل | • پانی میں ریت &amp;rarr; ان سالوبل&lt;br&gt;
                • کم سولیوٹ &amp;rarr; ڈائلیوٹ سلوشن | • زیادہ سولیوٹ &amp;rarr; کنسنٹریٹڈ سلوشن&lt;br&gt;
                • زیادہ سے زیادہ سولیوٹ حل شدہ &amp;rarr; سیچوریٹڈ سلوشن | • مزید سولیوٹ حل ہو سکتا ہے &amp;rarr; ان سیچوریٹڈ سلوشن&lt;br&gt;
                • کرسٹلز کا بننا &amp;rarr; کرسٹلائزیشن | • راک کینڈی &amp;rarr; کرسٹلائزیشن&lt;br&gt;
                • لائک ڈیزالوز لائک &amp;rarr; ملتی جلتی کیمیاوی خصوصیات والی اشیاء&lt;br&gt;
                • ٹمپریچر کے ساتھ سالڈ کی سولیوبلیٹی عام طور پر &amp;rarr; بڑھتی ہے&lt;br&gt;
                • ٹمپریچر کے ساتھ گیس کی سولیوبلیٹی &amp;rarr; کم ہوتی ہے | • پریشر کے ساتھ گیس کی سولیوبلیٹی &amp;rarr; بڑھتی ہے&lt;br&gt;
                • تیز ترین حل ہونا &amp;rarr; گرم کرنا، ہلانا، پیسنا&lt;br&gt;
                • ہوا &amp;rarr; آکسیجن نائٹروجن میں حل شدہ&lt;br&gt;
                • نمکین پانی &amp;rarr; نمک سولیوٹ ہے، پانی سالونٹ ہے&lt;br&gt;
                • سرکہ &amp;rarr; ایسٹک ایسڈ سولیوٹ ہے، پانی سالونٹ ہے&lt;br&gt;
                • برونز &amp;rarr; ٹن تانبے میں حل شدہ | • دھواں &amp;rarr; ہوا میں سالڈ پارٹیکلز&lt;br&gt;
                • گندے سکوں کو صاف کرنا &amp;rarr; فاسفورک ایسڈ | • لیموں کا رس &amp;rarr; سائٹرک ایسڈ | • سرکہ &amp;rarr; ایسٹک ایسڈ&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    
    &lt;div class=&quot;read-more-btn&quot; id=&quot;readMoreBtn&quot;&gt;Read More&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;!-- Topics Table of Contents Container --&gt;
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            &lt;h2&gt;📚 Table of Contents (Topics Main Headings)&lt;/h2&gt;
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            &lt;span class=&quot;urdu-text&quot;&gt;چار آپشن میں سے کسی پر بھی کلک کرنے سے جواب سبز ہو جائے گا&lt;/span&gt;
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        &lt;h2&gt;Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)&lt;/h2&gt;
        
        &lt;!-- Visible FAQs (First 3) --&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is a solution?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is a solute?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;A solute is a substance that dissolves in a solvent and is usually present in a smaller amount.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is a solvent?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;A solvent is a substance in which a solute dissolves and is usually present in a larger amount.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;!-- Hidden FAQs (Remaining 7) --&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;Why is water called a universal solvent?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Water is called a universal solvent because it can dissolve a large variety of substances.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is solubility?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Solubility is the maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated solution?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute, while an unsaturated solution can still dissolve more solute.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is the difference between a dilute and a concentrated solution?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;A dilute solution contains a relatively small amount of solute, while a concentrated solution contains a relatively large amount of solute.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What factors affect the solubility of a solute?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;The main factors are the nature of the solute and solvent, temperature, and pressure.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;How can the dissolving process be made faster?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Dissolving can be made faster by increasing temperature, stirring the solution, and grinding the solid into smaller particles.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;How does pressure affect the solubility of gases?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;The solubility of a gas in a liquid generally increases when pressure increases and decreases when pressure decreases.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

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  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Solutions&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What type of mixture is lemonade physically considered?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لیمونیڈ (lemonade) کو مادی طور پر کس چیز کا مکسچر مانا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Pure element&quot;, &quot;A mixture of lemon juice and sugar&quot;, &quot;Solid metal compound&quot;, &quot;Nuclear decay&quot;],
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    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]A mixture of lemon juice and sugar[/red] is correct because lemonade is a liquid mixture where lemon juice and sugar are [blue]dissolved together in water[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]لیموں کے رس اور چینی کا مکسچر[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ لیمونیڈ لیموں کے رس، چینی اور پانی کا ایک [blue]مائع مکسچر (solution)[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
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    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دو یا دو سے زیادہ اشیاء کے یکساں (homogeneous) مکسچر کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Element&quot;, &quot;Solution&quot;, &quot;Atom&quot;, &quot;Suspension&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solution[/red] is correct because a homogeneous mixture where substances are [blue]evenly distributed throughout[/blue] is called a solution.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سلوشن (Solution)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جب دو یا دو سے زیادہ اشیاء آپس میں [blue]مکمل یکساں طور پر حل[/blue] ہو جائیں تو اسے سلوشن کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
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    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What two main parts are solutions chemically made up of?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سلوشن (solution) بنیادی طور پر کن دو حصوں سے مل کر بنتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solute&quot;, &quot;Solvent&quot;, &quot;Protons&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because every solution chemically consists of a [blue]solute and a solvent[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہر سلوشن بنیادی طور پر [blue]سلیوٹ اور سالونٹ[/blue] سے مل کر بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
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    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The substance that dissolves in a solution and is present in a smaller amount is called:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ مادہ جو کسی سلوشن میں حل ہوتا ہے اور مقدار میں کم ہوتا ہے، کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solvent&quot;, &quot;Solute&quot;, &quot;Mixture&quot;, &quot;Element&quot;],
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    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solute[/red] is correct because the substance present in a [blue]smaller amount that dissolves[/blue] is defined as the solute.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سلیوٹ (Solute)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سلوشن میں [blue]کم مقدار میں پایا جانے والا اور حل ہونے والا جزو[/blue] سلیوٹ کہلاتا ہے۔&quot;,
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    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The substance in which the solute gets dissolved and is present in a larger amount is called:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ مادہ جس میں سلیوٹ حل ہوتا ہے اور جو مقدار میں زیادہ ہوتا ہے، کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solute&quot;, &quot;Solvent&quot;, &quot;Atom&quot;, &quot;Compound&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solvent[/red] is correct because the substance present in a [blue]larger amount that dissolves the solute[/blue] is the solvent.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سالونٹ (Solvent)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ وہ جزو جو [blue]زیادہ مقدار میں ہوتا ہے اور سلیوٹ کو حل کرتا ہے[/blue]، سالونٹ کہلاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In a glass of lemonade, which substance acts as the solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لیمونیڈ (شربت) کے ایک گلاس میں کون سا مادہ سالونٹ (solvent) کا کام کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Lemon juice&quot;, &quot;Sugar&quot;, &quot;Water&quot;, &quot;Ice&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Water[/red] is correct because water is present in the [blue]largest amount and dissolves the other ingredients[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پانی (Water)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ لیمونیڈ میں پانی [blue]سب سے زیادہ مقدار[/blue] میں موجود ہو کر سالونٹ بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In a lemonade solution, which substances act as the solutes?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لیمونیڈ کے محلول میں کون سی اشیاء سلیوٹ (solutes) کا کام کرتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sugar&quot;, &quot;Lemon juice&quot;, &quot;Water&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because both sugar and lemon juice are [blue]dissolved in smaller amounts[/blue] in water.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چینی اور لیموں کا رس دونوں [blue]پانی میں حل ہونے والے سلیوٹس[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Complete the chemical equation: Solution = ________ + Solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مساوات مکمل کریں: سلوشن = ________ + سالونٹ؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Atom&quot;, &quot;Solute&quot;, &quot;Water&quot;, &quot;Molecule&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solute[/red] is correct because scientifically: [blue]Solution = Solute + Solvent[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سلیوٹ (Solute)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سلوشن بنانے کے لیے [blue]سلیوٹ + سالونٹ[/blue] کا فارمولا استعمال ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is Tincture of Iodine chemically made of?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ٹنکچر آف آیوڈین (Tincture of iodine) کس پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Iodine dissolved in pure water&quot;, &quot;Iodine dissolved in alcohol&quot;, &quot;Salt dissolved in alcohol&quot;, &quot;Sugar dissolved in water&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Iodine dissolved in alcohol[/red] is correct because tincture of iodine is prepared by dissolving [blue]solid iodine into liquid alcohol[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]الکحل میں حل شدہ آیوڈین[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹنکچر آف آیوڈین [blue]آیوڈین کو الکحل میں حل کر کے[/blue] بنایا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is Tincture of Iodine medically used as?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ٹنکچر آف آیوڈین کو طبی طور پر کس کے طور پر استعمال کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;A fizzy cold drink&quot;, &quot;An antiseptic&quot;, &quot;A sweet food syrup&quot;, &quot;A plant fertilizer&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]An antiseptic[/red] is correct because tincture of iodine is widely used to [blue]clean wounds and kill pathogens[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اینٹی سیپٹک (Antiseptic)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹنکچر آف آیوڈین زخموں کو صاف کرنے اور [blue]جراثیم کشی کے لیے[/blue] استعمال ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In the gaseous solution of air, which gas acts as the solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہوا کے گیسی محلول میں کون سی گیس سالونٹ (solvent) کا کام کرتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Oxygen&quot;, &quot;Nitrogen&quot;, &quot;Carbon dioxide&quot;, &quot;Helium&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Nitrogen[/red] is correct because nitrogen makes up the [blue]largest proportion of air (about 78%)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نائٹروجن (Nitrogen)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہوا میں سب سے زیادہ [blue]تقریباً 78 فیصد مقدار نائٹروجن کی[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which gases act as solutes dissolved in the nitrogen of air?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہوا میں نائٹروجن کے اندر حل ہونے والی کون سی گیسیں سلیوٹ (solutes) کا کام کرتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Oxygen and carbon dioxide&quot;, &quot;Rare noble gases&quot;, &quot;Only water vapor&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because oxygen, CO₂, and noble gases are all [blue]dissolved as solutes in nitrogen gas[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آکسیجن، کاربن ڈائی آکسائیڈ اور نوبل گیسیں سب [blue]نائٹروجن میں حل شدہ سلیوٹس[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following substances act as solutes in a fizzy drink?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک فزی ڈرنک (fizzy drink - سوڈا بوتل) میں کون سے سلیوٹ شامل ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Carbon dioxide and sugar&quot;, &quot;Liquid nitrogen&quot;, &quot;Gold dust&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Carbon dioxide and sugar[/red] is correct because pressurized CO₂ gas and sugar are [blue]dissolved as solutes in water[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کاربن ڈائی آکسائیڈ اور چینی[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فزی ڈرنکس میں یہ دونوں اجزاء [blue]پانی میں سلیوٹ کے طور پر[/blue] حل ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which substance acts as the solvent in a fizzy drink?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک فزی ڈرنک (fizzy drink) میں سالونٹ (solvent) کا کام کون سا مادہ کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Carbon dioxide&quot;, &quot;Sugar&quot;, &quot;Water&quot;, &quot;Alcohol&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Water[/red] is correct because water is the [blue]major liquid component that dissolves[/blue] the gas and flavorings.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پانی (Water)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فزی ڈرنک میں پانی [blue]زیادہ مقدار میں ہونے کی وجہ سے سالونٹ[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Gold jewellery is a solid solution (alloy) typically consisting of what percentage of gold?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سونے کے زیورات (gold jewellery) ایک ٹھوس سلوشن ہیں جن میں عام طور پر کتنے فیصد خالص سونا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;10% gold&quot;, &quot;50% gold&quot;, &quot;80% gold&quot;, &quot;100% gold&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]80% gold[/red] is correct because jewellery alloys commonly contain around [blue]80% gold mixed with other metals[/blue] for hardness.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]80% سونا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سونے کے زیورات میں سختی پیدا کرنے کے لیے تقریباً [blue]80 فیصد خالص سونا[/blue] اور باقی دیگر دھاتیں ملائی جاتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which acid is commonly found in carbonated fizzy drinks?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گیس والے فزی ڈرنکس (fizzy drinks) میں عام طور پر کون سا تیزاب پایا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Citric acid&quot;, &quot;Carbonic acid&quot;, &quot;Hydrochloric acid&quot;, &quot;Acetic acid&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Carbonic acid[/red] is correct because dissolving carbon dioxide gas in water naturally forms [blue]carbonic acid (H₂CO₃)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کاربنک ایسڈ (Carbonic acid)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کاربن ڈائی آکسائیڈ گیس پانی میں حل ہو کر [blue]کاربنک ایسڈ[/blue] بناتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which acid is commonly used in cola drinks to give them a sharp flavor?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کولا ڈرنکس (cola drinks) میں تیز اور چٹپٹا ذائقہ دینے کے لیے کون سا تیزاب استعمال کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Carbonic acid&quot;, &quot;Phosphoric acid&quot;, &quot;Lactic acid&quot;, &quot;Nitric acid&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Phosphoric acid[/red] is correct because cola drinks use [blue]phosphoric acid[/blue] to impart their distinctive tangy and sharp flavor.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]فاسفورک ایسڈ (Phosphoric acid)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کولا ڈرنکس میں تیز اور چٹپٹا ذائقہ پیدا کرنے کے لیے [blue]فاسفورک ایسڈ[/blue] ڈالا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In the example of experiencing a cooking smell in the kitchen air, which part acts as the solute?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;باورچی خانے میں کھانا پکنے کے دوران ہوا میں پھیلنے والی خوشبو میں سے کون سا حصہ سلیوٹ (solute) کا کام کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;The air of the environment&quot;, &quot;The cooking smell molecules&quot;, &quot;The solid kitchen walls&quot;, &quot;The cold kitchen water&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]The cooking smell molecules[/red] is correct because the smell molecules are present in a [blue]smaller concentration dispersed in the air[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کھانا پکنے کی خوشبو کے مالیکیولز[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ یہ مالیکیولز ہوا میں [blue]کم مقدار میں سلیوٹ کے طور پر[/blue] پھیلتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In the example of experiencing a cooking smell in the kitchen, which part acts as the solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;باورچی خانے میں کھانا پکنے کے دوران خوشبو پھیلنے کی صورت میں کون سا حصہ سالونٹ (solvent) کا کام کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;The cooking smell&quot;, &quot;The air of the environment&quot;, &quot;The kitchen stove&quot;, &quot;The food plate&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]The air of the environment[/red] is correct because the ambient air is the [blue]majority medium that carries the aroma[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]باورچی خانے کے ماحول کی ہوا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ماحول کی ہوا [blue]زیادہ مقدار میں ہونے کی وجہ سے سالونٹ[/blue] کہلاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In a chocolate milk solution, what are the solvent and solute?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چاکلیٹ ملک (Chocolate milk) کے محلول میں سالونٹ اور سلیوٹ بالترتیب کیا ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solvent is milk, solute is chocolate syrup&quot;, &quot;Solvent is chocolate syrup, solute is milk&quot;, &quot;Solvent is water, solute is salt&quot;, &quot;Both are dry gases&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solvent is milk, solute is chocolate syrup[/red] is correct because the syrup dissolves as the [blue]solute inside the bulk liquid milk[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سالونٹ دودھ ہے، سلیوٹ چاکلیٹ سیرپ ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چاکلیٹ سیرپ [blue]دودھ کے اندر سلیوٹ بن کر[/blue] حل ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When making jelly, what are the solvent and solute used?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جیلی (Jelly) بنانے کے دوران سالونٹ اور سلیوٹ کے طور پر کیا استعمال ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solvent is jelly crystals, solute is water&quot;, &quot;Solvent is water, solute is jelly crystals&quot;, &quot;Solvent is milk, solute is chocolate&quot;, &quot;Solvent is acid, solute is salt&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solvent is water, solute is jelly crystals[/red] is correct because jelly crystals are [blue]dissolved into hot water as the solvent[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سالونٹ پانی ہے، سلیوٹ جیلی کرسٹلز ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جیلی کرسٹلز [blue]پانی میں حل ہونے والے سلیوٹ[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In vinegar, what is the solute dissolved in the water solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سرکے (Vinegar) میں سالونٹ پانی کے اندر کون سا سلیوٹ حل ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Table salt&quot;, &quot;Acetic acid&quot;, &quot;Chocolate syrup&quot;, &quot;Lemon juice&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Acetic acid[/red] is correct because vinegar is typically a 4-8% solution of [blue]acetic acid in water[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایسٹک ایسڈ (Acetic acid)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سرکہ دراصل [blue]ایسٹک ایسڈ کا پانی میں محلول[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In sea water, which substance acts as the solute dissolved in water?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سمندری پانی (Sea water) میں سالونٹ پانی کے اندر کون سا مادہ سلیوٹ (solute) کا کام کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Chocolate&quot;, &quot;Salt&quot;, &quot;Acetic acid&quot;, &quot;Sand only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Salt[/red] is correct because sea water contains various dissolved mineral salts acting as the [blue]primary solutes in water[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نمک (Salt)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سمندری پانی میں نمکیات [blue]پانی میں گھلے ہوئے سلیوٹ[/blue] کے طور پر موجود ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Water As Universal Solvent&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which is the most common solvent found on Earth?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زمین پر پایا جانے والا سب سے عام سالونٹ (solvent) کون سا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Liquid alcohol&quot;, &quot;Water&quot;, &quot;Vinegar&quot;, &quot;Vegetable oil&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Water[/red] is correct because water is the most abundant and universally utilized [blue]solvent in nature and industry[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پانی (Water)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پانی زمین پر سب سے زیادہ پایا جانے والا [blue]قدرتی سالونٹ[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why is water scientifically referred to as a universal solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پانی کو عالمگیر سالونٹ (universal solvent) کیوں مانا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because it cannot dissolve any substance&quot;, &quot;Because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid&quot;, &quot;Because it is highly expensive&quot;, &quot;Because it is a solid metal compound&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid[/red] is correct due to water&#39;s polar chemical structure and high [blue]dissolving capacity[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ یہ کسی بھی دوسرے مائع سے زیادہ اشیاء حل کرتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پانی میں [blue]سب سے زیادہ اشیاء کو حل کرنے کی صلاحیت[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a solution in which water is used as the solvent called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایسا سلوشن جس میں پانی کو سالونٹ (solvent) کے طور پر استعمال کیا گیا ہو، کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Alcoholic solution&quot;, &quot;Aqueous solution&quot;, &quot;Gaseous solution&quot;, &quot;Solid alloy solution&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Aqueous solution[/red] is correct because any chemical solution where [blue]water serves as the solvent[/blue] is an aqueous solution.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایکوئس سلوشن (Aqueous solution)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جس محلول میں [blue]پانی سالونٹ کے طور پر ہو[/blue] اسے آبی یا ایکوئس سلوشن کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following are common examples of aqueous solutions?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کون سے ایکوئس سلوشنز (aqueous solutions) کی عام مثالیں ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sugar solution and salt solution&quot;, &quot;Mineral water&quot;, &quot;Tincture of iodine&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because sugar solution, salt solution, and mineral water all utilize [blue]water as the solvent[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چینی، نمک کے محلول اور منرل واٹر سب میں [blue]پانی ہی سالونٹ[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is formed when solute particles dissolve completely in a solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب سلیوٹ (solute) کے ذرات سالونٹ میں مکمل طور پر حل ہو جائیں تو کیا بنتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Pure atom&quot;, &quot;Solution&quot;, &quot;Solid element&quot;, &quot;Empty vacuum&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solution[/red] is correct because the complete and homogeneous mixing of solute in a solvent forms a [blue]solution[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سلوشن (Solution)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سلیوٹ اور سالونٹ کے مکمل حل ہونے سے [blue]سلوشن یا محلول[/blue] بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to solute and solvent particles in a finished solution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک تیار شدہ سلوشن (محلول) کے اندر سلیوٹ اور سالونٹ کے ذرات کے ساتھ کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;They are kept completely separate&quot;, &quot;They are thoroughly mixed together&quot;, &quot;They destroy each other chemically&quot;, &quot;They turn into solid gold&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]They are thoroughly mixed together[/red] is correct because solute and solvent become [blue]uniformly intermingled at the molecular level[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]وہ آپس میں اچھی طرح گھل مل جاتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سلوشن کے اندر ذرات [blue]یکساں طور پر آپس میں مکس[/blue] ہو جاتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why can we NOT see individual solute or solvent particles in a homogeneous solution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہم ایک یکساں (homogenous) سلوشن میں سلیوٹ یا سالونٹ کے ذرات کو علیحدہ سے کیوں نہیں دیکھ سکتے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because they are too large&quot;, &quot;Because they are too small&quot;, &quot;Because they disappear completely&quot;, &quot;Because they turn into gas instantly&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because they are too small[/red] is correct because dissolved particles exist at an [blue]extremely tiny atomic or molecular scale[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ وہ سائز میں بہت چھوٹے ہوتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ حل شدہ ذرات اتنے [blue]باریک اور چھوٹے[/blue] ہوتے ہیں کہ عام آنکھ سے نظر نہیں آتے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In daily activities like making tea or washing, what must we dissolve in a solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;روزمرہ کے کاموں جیسے چائے بنانے یا دھونے کے دوران، ہمیں سالونٹ میں کسے حل کرنا پڑتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Pure gold metal&quot;, &quot;A solute&quot;, &quot;Solid stone&quot;, &quot;Glass fibers&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]A solute[/red] is correct because tasks like cooking or washing involve dissolving [blue]solutes like tea, sugar, or detergents[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک سلیوٹ (A solute)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ روزمرہ کے کاموں میں ہم پانی جیسے سالونٹ میں [blue]مختلف سلیوٹس[/blue] کو حل کرتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In washing activities, which solute must be dissolved in the water solvent to clean clothes or dishes?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کپڑے یا برتن دھونے کے عمل کے دوران، صفائی کے لیے پانی میں کس سلیوٹ کا حل ہونا ضروری ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Soap or washing liquids&quot;, &quot;Sand and stones&quot;, &quot;Dry wood leaves&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Soap or washing liquids[/red] is correct because soap or detergents must dissolve in water to [blue]emulsify and remove dirt[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]صابن یا واشنگ مائع[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ صفائی کے لیے [blue]صابن یا سرف کا پانی میں حل ہونا[/blue] لازمی ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When making a glass of orange juice, which solutes are dissolved in the water solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مالٹے کا شربت (orange juice) بناتے وقت پانی میں کن سلیوٹس کو حل کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sugar&quot;, &quot;Orange juice&quot;, &quot;Dry soil&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because preparing orange juice involves dissolving [blue]both orange extract/juice and sugar[/blue] into water.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مالٹے کا شربت بنانے میں [blue]چینی اور مالٹے کا رس[/blue] دونوں پانی میں حل کیے جاتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Do You Know?&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Turpentine is used as a solvent in the production of which materials?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;تارپین (Turpentine) کو سالونٹ کے طور پر کس چیز کی تیاری میں استعمال کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Paints and printing inks&quot;, &quot;Chemical dyes&quot;, &quot;Common table salt only&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because turpentine is an organic solvent used to dissolve resins and oils in [blue]paints, inks, and dyes[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ تارپین کا تیل [blue]رنگ و روغن (paints)، سیاہی اور ڈائز[/blue] بنانے میں بطور سالونٹ استعمال ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Water is used as a solvent in the manufacture of which products?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پانی کو سالونٹ کے طور پر کن عام مصنوعات کی تیاری میں استعمال کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Foods&quot;, &quot;Soaps and detergents&quot;, &quot;Heavy metal cars only&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because water is the essential manufacturing solvent in [blue]food processing, soap production, and detergents[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پانی کارخانوں میں [blue]خوراک، صابن اور واشنگ پاؤڈرز[/blue] کی تیاری میں سالونٹ کا کام کرتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are alloys (metal mixtures) physically classified as?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دھاتوں کے مکسچر یعنی بھرت (Alloys) کو طبعی طور پر کس قسم کا سلوشن مانا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Gaseous mixtures&quot;, &quot;Solid solutions&quot;, &quot;Liquid elements&quot;, &quot;Non-metallic gases&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solid solutions[/red] is correct because alloys are formed by mixing molten metals uniformly, solidifying into [blue]solid-in-solid solutions[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹھوس سلوشنز (Solid solutions)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دھاتی بھرت (alloys) دھاتوں کے ملاپ سے بننے والے [blue]ٹھوس سلوشن[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Smoke is considered a solution of solids in gas. What acts as the solute in smoke?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دھواں (smoke) بھی ایک سلوشن کی مثال ہے۔ اس میں سلیوٹ (solute) کا کام کون کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Air of the environment&quot;, &quot;Solid ash or soot particles&quot;, &quot;Liquid water droplets&quot;, &quot;Oxygen gas&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solid ash or soot particles[/red] is correct because finely divided [blue]carbon/ash particles are dispersed as the solute[/blue] in air.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹھوس راکھ یا کاجل کے ذرات[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دھوئیں میں [blue]راکھ کے باریک ذرات سلیوٹ[/blue] کا کام کرتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In the gaseous solution of smoke, what substance acts as the solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دھوئیں (smoke) کے محلول میں سالونٹ (solvent) کا کام کون سی چیز کرتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solid carbon ash&quot;, &quot;Air&quot;, &quot;Moisture water drops&quot;, &quot;Pure fire&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Air[/red] is correct because the ambient air makes up the [blue]continuous dispersing medium (solvent)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہوا (Air)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فضا کی ہوا دھوئیں میں [blue]سالونٹ کا کردار[/blue] ادا کرتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In which physical states of matter can chemical solutions be formed?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مادے کی کن طبعی حالتوں (physical states) میں سلوشنز (محلول) بن سکتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Only in liquid state&quot;, &quot;In different states (solid, liquid, gas)&quot;, &quot;Only in gaseous state&quot;, &quot;Only in solid state&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]In different states (solid, liquid, gas)[/red] is correct because solutions can exist as [blue]solids, liquids, or gases[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مختلف حالتوں (ٹھوس، مائع، گیس) میں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سلوشنز [blue]ٹھوس، مائع اور گیس[/blue] تینوں حالتوں میں بن سکتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Our atmosphere&#39;s air is a common example of which type of solution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہمارے ماحول کی ہوا (air) کس قسم کے سلوشن کی ایک عام اور قدرتی مثال ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Liquid in solid&quot;, &quot;Gas in gas&quot;, &quot;Solid in liquid&quot;, &quot;Gas in solid&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Gas in gas[/red] is correct because atmospheric air is a mixture of various [blue]gases dissolved within nitrogen gas[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گیس کا گیس میں (Gas in gas)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہوا مختلف [blue]گیسوں کا باہمی گیسی محلول[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In the gas-in-gas solution of air, which gas is the solute and which is the solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہوا کے گیسی محلول میں آکسیجن اور نائٹروجن بالترتیب کیا ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Oxygen is the solute, nitrogen is the solvent&quot;, &quot;Nitrogen is the solute, oxygen is the solvent&quot;, &quot;Both are equal solvents&quot;, &quot;None of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Oxygen is the solute, nitrogen is the solvent[/red] is correct because oxygen is less abundant (~21%) while [blue]nitrogen is the major gas (~78%)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]آکسیجن سلیوٹ اور نائٹروجن سالونٹ ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آکسیجن کم مقدار میں [blue]سلیوٹ[/blue] اور نائٹروجن زیادہ مقدار میں [blue]سالونٹ[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Oxygen gas dissolved in water is an example of which type of solution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پانی میں حل شدہ آکسیجن گیس (oxygen dissolved in water) کس قسم کے سلوشن کی مثال ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solid in liquid&quot;, &quot;Gas in liquid&quot;, &quot;Gas in gas&quot;, &quot;Liquid in solid&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Gas in liquid[/red] is correct because it involves a [blue]gaseous solute (O₂) dissolved in a liquid solvent (H₂O)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گیس کا مائع میں (Gas in liquid)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اس میں آکسیجن گیس [blue]مائع پانی کے اندر حل[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In the gas-in-liquid solution of oxygen dissolved in water, which is the solute and which is the solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پانی میں آکسیجن کے حل ہونے والے سلوشن میں سلیوٹ اور سالونٹ بالترتیب کیا ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Oxygen is the solute, water is the solvent&quot;, &quot;Water is the solute, oxygen is the solvent&quot;, &quot;Both are liquid solvents&quot;, &quot;None of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Oxygen is the solute, water is the solvent[/red] is correct because oxygen is the [blue]minor dissolved gas and water is the bulk liquid[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]آکسیجن سلیوٹ اور پانی سالونٹ ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آکسیجن گیس [blue]سلیوٹ[/blue] اور پانی [blue]سالونٹ[/blue] کا کام کرتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Hydrogen gas absorbed in Palladium is an example of which type of solution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پیلیڈیم دھات میں ہائیڈروجن گیس کا جذب ہونا (hydrogen in Palladium) کس قسم کے سلوشن کی مثال ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Gas in gas&quot;, &quot;Gas in solid&quot;, &quot;Liquid in solid&quot;, &quot;Solid in liquid&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Gas in solid[/red] is correct because gaseous hydrogen atoms fit into the [blue]solid metallic lattice of palladium[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گیس کا ٹھوس میں (Gas in solid)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہائیڈروجن گیس [blue]ٹھوس دھات پیلیڈیم[/blue] میں جذب ہو کر حل ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In the gas-in-solid solution of hydrogen in Palladium, which is the solute and which is the solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پیلیڈیم میں ہائیڈروجن کے اس سلوشن میں سلیوٹ اور سالونٹ بالترتیب کیا ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Hydrogen is the solute, Palladium is the solvent&quot;, &quot;Palladium is the solute, Hydrogen is the solvent&quot;, &quot;Both are solid metals&quot;, &quot;None of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Hydrogen is the solute, Palladium is the solvent[/red] is correct because hydrogen gas is the [blue]absorbed substance (solute)[/blue] in the metal.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہائیڈروجن سلیوٹ ہے، پیلیڈیم سالونٹ ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہائیڈروجن گیس [blue]سلیوٹ[/blue] اور ٹھوس پیلیڈیم [blue]سالونٹ[/blue] بنتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Humid air is an example of which type of solution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مرطوب ہوا یا نمی والی ہوا (humid air) کس قسم کے سلوشن کی ایک مثال ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Gas in solid&quot;, &quot;Liquid in gas&quot;, &quot;Liquid in liquid&quot;, &quot;Solid in liquid&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Liquid in gas[/red] is correct because water droplets/vapours represent a [blue]liquid dissolved in the gaseous atmosphere[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مائع کا گیس میں (Liquid in gas)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مرطوب ہوا میں پانی کے مائع ذرات [blue]ہوا (گیس) میں حل[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In the liquid-in-gas solution of humid air, which is the solute and which is the solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نمی والی ہوا (humid air) کے سلوشن میں سلیوٹ اور سالونٹ بالترتیب کیا ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Water is the solute, air is the solvent&quot;, &quot;Air is the solute, water is the solvent&quot;, &quot;Both are dry gases&quot;, &quot;None of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Water is the solute, air is the solvent[/red] is correct because moisture (water) is the [blue]minor component dissolved in bulk air[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پانی سلیوٹ ہے، ہوا سالونٹ ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہوا میں نمی کا پانی [blue]سلیوٹ[/blue] اور ارد گرد کی ہوا [blue]سالونٹ[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Ethanol dissolved in water is an example of which type of solution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پانی میں ایتھنول کا حل ہونا (ethanol dissolved in water) کس قسم کے سلوشن کی مثال ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solid in liquid&quot;, &quot;Liquid in liquid&quot;, &quot;Gas in liquid&quot;, &quot;Liquid in solid&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Liquid in liquid[/red] is correct because both ethanol and water are completely miscible [blue]liquids forming a homogeneous solution[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مائع کا مائع میں (Liquid in liquid)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایتھنول اور پانی دونوں [blue]مائع حالت[/blue] میں ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When ethanol is dissolved in water, which is the solute and which is the solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پانی اور ایتھنول کے سلوشن میں سلیوٹ اور سالونٹ بالترتیب کیا ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Ethanol is the solute, water is the solvent&quot;, &quot;Water is the solute, ethanol is the solvent&quot;, &quot;Both are liquid solvents&quot;, &quot;None of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Ethanol is the solute, water is the solvent[/red] is correct assuming ethanol is the [blue]smaller quantity added into water[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایتھنول سلیوٹ ہے، پانی سالونٹ ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کم مقدار میں ایتھنول [blue]سلیوٹ[/blue] اور زیادہ مقدار میں پانی [blue]سالونٹ[/blue] بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Dental fillings made of mercury dissolved in silver are examples of which type of solution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دانتوں کی فلنگ (dental fillings) جس میں مرکری چاندی میں حل ہوتی ہے، کس قسم کے سلوشن کی مثال ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solid in solid&quot;, &quot;Liquid in solid&quot;, &quot;Gas in solid&quot;, &quot;Solid in liquid&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Liquid in solid[/red] is correct because liquid mercury (amalgam) is [blue]dissolved into solid silver powder[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مائع کا ٹھوس میں (Liquid in solid)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مائع پارہ (mercury) [blue]ٹھوس چاندی[/blue] میں حل ہو کر دانتوں کی فلنگ بناتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In dental fillings (mercury dissolved in silver), which is the solute and which is the solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دانتوں کی فلنگ (mercury dissolved in silver) میں سلیوٹ اور سالونٹ بالترتیب کیا ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mercury is the solute, silver is the solvent&quot;, &quot;Silver is the solute, mercury is the solvent&quot;, &quot;Both are liquid metals&quot;, &quot;None of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Mercury is the solute, silver is the solvent[/red] is correct because liquid mercury is added to the [blue]solid silver solvent[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مرکری سلیوٹ ہے، چاندی سالونٹ ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مائع مرکری [blue]سلیوٹ[/blue] اور ٹھوس سلور [blue]سالونٹ[/blue] کا کام کرتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Smoke is an example of which type of solution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دھواں (smoke) کس قسم کے سلوشن کی ایک طبعی مثال ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solid in gas&quot;, &quot;Gas in solid&quot;, &quot;Liquid in solid&quot;, &quot;Solid in liquid&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solid in gas[/red] is correct because tiny solid carbon/soot particles are [blue]suspended uniformly in air[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹھوس کا گیس میں (Solid in gas)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دھوئیں میں ٹھوس راکھ کے ذرات [blue]گیسی ہوا کے اندر معلق[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In the solid-in-gas solution of smoke, which is the solute and which is the solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دھوئیں (smoke) کے سلوشن میں سلیوٹ اور سالونٹ بالترتیب کیا ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Ash is the solute, air is the solvent&quot;, &quot;Air is the solute, ash is the solvent&quot;, &quot;Both are solid particles&quot;, &quot;None of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Ash is the solute, air is the solvent[/red] is correct because particulate ash is the [blue]solute dispersed in the atmospheric air solvent[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]راکھ سلیوٹ ہے، ہوا سالونٹ ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ راکھ کے ذرات [blue]سلیوٹ[/blue] اور فضا کی ہوا [blue]سالونٹ[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Salt water (salt dissolved in water) is an example of which type of solution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نمکین پانی (salt water) کس قسم کے سلوشن کی ایک مادی مثال ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solid in solid&quot;, &quot;Solid in liquid&quot;, &quot;Liquid in solid&quot;, &quot;Gas in liquid&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solid in liquid[/red] is correct because solid table salt crystals [blue]dissolve completely in liquid water[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹھوس کا مائع میں (Solid in liquid)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹھوس نمک [blue]مائع پانی کے اندر[/blue] حل ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In salt water, which substance is the solute and which is the solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نمکین پانی کے سلوشن میں سلیوٹ اور سالونٹ بالترتیب کیا ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Salt is the solute, water is the solvent&quot;, &quot;Water is the solute, salt is the solvent&quot;, &quot;Both are dry solids&quot;, &quot;None of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Salt is the solute, water is the solvent[/red] is correct because table salt is the [blue]dissolved solute and water is the solvent[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نمک سلیوٹ ہے، پانی سالونٹ ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹھوس نمک [blue]سلیوٹ[/blue] اور مائع پانی [blue]سالونٹ[/blue] کا کام کرتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A metal alloy like bronze (tin dissolved in copper) is an example of which type of solution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دھاتی بھرت جیسے کانسی یا برونز (bronze) کس قسم کے سلوشن کی مثال ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solid in liquid&quot;, &quot;Solid in solid&quot;, &quot;Liquid in solid&quot;, &quot;Gas in solid&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solid in solid[/red] is correct because bronze is an alloy of two [blue]solids: tin dissolved in copper[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹھوس کا ٹھوس میں (Solid in solid)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ برونز دو ٹھوس دھاتوں یعنی [blue]ٹین اور کاپر کا ٹھوس محلول[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In the solid solution of bronze, which metal is the solute and which is the solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کانسی (bronze) کے ٹھوس سلوشن میں سلیوٹ اور سالونٹ بالترتیب کیا ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Tin is the solute, copper is the solvent&quot;, &quot;Copper is the solute, tin is the solvent&quot;, &quot;Both are liquid gases&quot;, &quot;None of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Tin is the solute, copper is the solvent[/red] is correct because tin is present in a [blue]lesser percentage (solute) inside copper[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ٹین سلیوٹ ہے، تانبا سالونٹ ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹین کم مقدار میں [blue]سلیوٹ[/blue] اور تانبا (کاپر) زیادہ مقدار میں [blue]سالونٹ[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Do You Know?&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a substance called when it completely dissolves in water?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب کوئی مادہ پانی میں مکمل طور پر حل ہو جائے، تو اسے کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Soluble&quot;, &quot;Insoluble&quot;, &quot;Chemical&quot;, &quot;Element&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Soluble[/red] is correct because a substance that easily forms a solution in water is [blue]soluble[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]حل پذیر (Soluble)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جو مادہ پانی میں مکمل گھل جائے اسے [blue]حل پذیر یا سولیوبل[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a substance called when it does NOT dissolve in water?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ مادہ جو پانی میں حل نہیں ہوتا، کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Soluble&quot;, &quot;Insoluble&quot;, &quot;Solute&quot;, &quot;Solvent&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Insoluble[/red] is correct because substances that cannot dissolve in water are defined as [blue]insoluble[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]غیر حل پذیر (Insoluble)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پانی میں حل نہ ہونے والے مادے کو [blue]غیر حل پذیر یا ان-سولیوبل[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is a common example of a soluble solute in water?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کون سا پانی میں حل پذیر سلیوٹ (soluble solute) کی ایک عام مثال ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Clean sand&quot;, &quot;White sugar&quot;, &quot;Small stones&quot;, &quot;Hard wood pieces&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]White sugar[/red] is correct because sugar dissolves readily and completely into water to form a [blue]clear solution[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]چینی (White sugar)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چینی پانی میں آسانی سے گھل کر [blue]مکمل محلول[/blue] بنا دیتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is a common example of an insoluble solute in water?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کون سا پانی میں غیر حل پذیر سلیوٹ (insoluble solute) کی ایک عام مثال ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;White sugar&quot;, &quot;Table salt&quot;, &quot;River sand&quot;, &quot;Sweet honey&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]River sand[/red] is correct because silica/sand cannot dissolve in water and [blue]settles at the bottom[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ریت (River sand)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ریت پانی میں حل نہیں ہوتی اور [blue]برتن کے نیچے بیٹھ جاتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Dilute And Concentrated Solution&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Is the proportion of solute and solvent always the same in different solutions?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیا مختلف سلوشنز میں سلیوٹ اور سالونٹ کا تناسب (proportion) ہمیشہ ایک جیسا ہی رہتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Yes, it is always exactly the same&quot;, &quot;No, it is not the same&quot;, &quot;It is always zero in all liquids&quot;, &quot;Only in cold solutions&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]No, it is not the same[/red] is correct because the ratio of solute to solvent can vary depending on [blue]how the solution is prepared[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نہیں، یہ ایک جیسا نہیں ہوتا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مختلف سلوشنز میں سلیوٹ اور سالونٹ کی مقدار کا [blue]تناسب مختلف ہوتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سالونٹ کی دی گئی مقدار میں حل شدہ سلیوٹ کی کل مقدار کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Density&quot;, &quot;Concentration&quot;, &quot;Temperature&quot;, &quot;Sublimation&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Concentration[/red] is correct because the measure of solute quantity per unit of solvent is termed [blue]concentration[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کانسنٹریشن (Concentration)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سالونٹ کی مقدار میں سلیوٹ کی موجودگی کو [blue]کانسنٹریشن یا ارتکاز[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Depending on the amount of solute, what two types of solutions can be formed?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سلیوٹ کی مقدار کے فرق کی بنیاد پر، سلوشن کی کون سی دو اقسام بن سکتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Dilute solution&quot;, &quot;Concentrated solution&quot;, &quot;Gaseous solid solution&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because solutions are classified as either [blue]dilute or concentrated[/blue] based on solute proportion.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سلیوٹ کی مقدار کے لحاظ سے سلوشنز [blue]ڈائیلوٹ اور کانسنٹریٹڈ[/blue] ہو سکتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a solution that has a relatively small amount of dissolved solute called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ سلوشن جس میں سلیوٹ کی نسبتاً کم مقدار (small amount) حل ہو، کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Concentrated solution&quot;, &quot;Dilute solution&quot;, &quot;Saturated solid&quot;, &quot;Pure chemical element&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Dilute solution[/red] is correct because a solution containing a [blue]relatively small amount of solute[/blue] is a dilute solution.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ڈائیلوٹ سلوشن (Dilute solution)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جس محلول میں سلیوٹ کی مقدار [blue]بہت کم ہو[/blue] اسے ڈائیلوٹ یا پتلا سلوشن کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a solution that has a relatively large amount of dissolved solute called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ سلوشن جس میں سلیوٹ کی نسبتاً زیادہ مقدار (large amount) حل کی گئی ہو، کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Dilute solution&quot;, &quot;Concentrated solution&quot;, &quot;Gaseous air solution&quot;, &quot;Weak liquid solution&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Concentrated solution[/red] is correct because a solution with a [blue]high proportion of dissolved solute[/blue] is a concentrated solution.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کانسنٹریٹڈ سلوشن (Concentrated solution)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جس محلول میں سلیوٹ کی مقدار [blue]زیادہ ہو[/blue] وہ گاڑھا یا کانسنٹریٹڈ سلوشن کہلاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If you add 1 spoon of salt to Glass A and 3 spoons of salt to Glass B of the same size, which glass contains a more concentrated solution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر آپ گلاس A میں ایک چمچ نمک اور گلاس B میں تین چمچ نمک ڈالیں، تو کون سا گلاس زیادہ کانسنٹریٹڈ (گاڑھا) ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Glass A&quot;, &quot;Glass B&quot;, &quot;Both glasses will be equal&quot;, &quot;Neither will contain dissolved salt&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Glass B[/red] is correct because Glass B has more dissolved solute per volume of water, making it [blue]more concentrated[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گلاس B[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گلاس B میں 3 چمچ نمک کی وجہ سے سلیوٹ کی مقدار زیادہ ہے، لہٰذا وہ [blue]زیادہ کانسنٹریٹڈ[/blue] ہوگا۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is true about a dilute solution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ڈائیلوٹ سلوشن (dilute solution) کے بارے میں کون سی بات درست ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;It has more solute dissolved&quot;, &quot;It has less solute dissolved in the solvent&quot;, &quot;It contains no liquid solvent&quot;, &quot;It is always a solid metal alloy&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]It has less solute dissolved in the solvent[/red] is correct because dilute solutions feature a [blue]low solute-to-solvent ratio[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اس میں سالونٹ کے اندر کم سلیوٹ حل ہوتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ڈائیلوٹ سلوشن میں [blue]سلیوٹ کی مقدار کم[/blue] رکھی جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is true about a concentrated solution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کانسنٹریٹڈ سلوشن (concentrated solution) کے بارے میں کون سی بات درست ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;It has more solute dissolved in the solvent&quot;, &quot;It has no solute dissolved at all&quot;, &quot;It is made of pure gas only&quot;, &quot;It has less solute than a dilute solution&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]It has more solute dissolved in the solvent[/red] is correct because concentrated solutions feature a [blue]high amount of dissolved solute[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اس میں سالونٹ کے اندر زیادہ سلیوٹ حل ہوتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کانسنٹریٹڈ سلوشن میں [blue]سلیوٹ کی مقدار زیادہ[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does the term \&quot;less concentrated\&quot; mean regarding the solute?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اصطلاح \&quot;کم گاڑھا\&quot; (less concentrated) سے سلیوٹ کے حوالے سے کیا مراد ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;More solute dissolved&quot;, &quot;Less solute dissolved&quot;, &quot;No liquid solvent present&quot;, &quot;Boiling solute particles&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Less solute dissolved[/red] is correct because lower concentration implies a [blue]smaller quantity of solute in the solution[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کم سلیوٹ حل ہونا (Less solute dissolved)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کم کانسنٹریشن کا مطلب [blue]سلیوٹ کی کم مقدار[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does the term \&quot;more concentrated\&quot; mean regarding the solute?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اصطلاح \&quot;زیادہ گاڑھا\&quot; (more concentrated) سے سلیوٹ کے حوالے سے کیا مراد ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Less solute dissolved&quot;, &quot;More solute dissolved&quot;, &quot;Zero solvent present&quot;, &quot;Frozen solute particles&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]More solute dissolved[/red] is correct because higher concentration indicates a [blue]greater amount of dissolved solute[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زیادہ سلیوٹ حل ہونا (More solute dissolved)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زیادہ کانسنٹریشن کا مطلب [blue]سلیوٹ کی کثیر مقدار[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Applications Of Solutions&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is formed when the copper in pennies reacts with oxygen in the air?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب سکوں میں موجود تانبا (copper) ہوا کی آکسیجن سے ملتا ہے، تو کون سی تہہ بنتی ہے جو سکوں کو ماند (tarnished) کر دیتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Carbon dioxide gas&quot;, &quot;Copper oxide&quot;, &quot;Silver sulphide&quot;, &quot;Sodium chloride&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Copper oxide[/red] is correct because atmospheric oxidation forms a dark [blue]copper oxide (CuO) layer[/blue] on copper coins.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کاپر آکسائیڈ (Copper oxide)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ تانبا ہوا کی آکسیجن کے ساتھ عمل کر کے [blue]کاپر آکسائیڈ کی گدلی تہہ[/blue] بناتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What can be used to remove the tarnished copper oxide layer from a copper penny?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;تانبے کے سکے پر چڑھی کاپر آکسائیڈ کی گدلی تہہ کو صاف کر کے دور کرنے کے لیے کیا استعمال کیا جا سکتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Regular pure drinking water&quot;, &quot;Concentrated solutions of different food acids&quot;, &quot;Dry sand wrapping&quot;, &quot;Freezing in a refrigerator&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Concentrated solutions of different food acids[/red] is correct because acids chemically react and [blue]dissolve the copper oxide tarnish[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مختلف غذائی تیزابوں کا گاڑھا محلول[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ تیزابی محلول سکے کی [blue]کاپر آکسائیڈ کی گدلی تہہ کو تحلیل[/blue] کر دیتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which substances present in ketchup help to clean tarnished copper coins?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ٹماٹر کیچپ (ketchup) میں موجود کون سے اجزاء گدلے سکوں کو صاف کرنے میں مدد کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Salt and acetic acid&quot;, &quot;Large sugar crystals only&quot;, &quot;Hot cooking oil&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Salt and acetic acid[/red] is correct because the combination of [blue]acetic acid (vinegar) and salt (NaCl)[/blue] in ketchup cleans copper oxide.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نمک اور ایسٹک ایسڈ[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کیچپ میں موجود [blue]نمک اور ایسٹک ایسڈ (سرکہ)[/blue] سکوں کو چمکاتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which acid present in cola drinks is responsible for quickly removing tarnish from coins?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کولا ڈرنکس (cola) میں موجود کون سا تیزاب سکوں سے تانبے کی گدلی تہہ دور کرنے کا کام کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Citric acid&quot;, &quot;Phosphoric acid&quot;, &quot;Acetic acid&quot;, &quot;Lactic acid&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Phosphoric acid[/red] is correct because the [blue]phosphoric acid in colas[/blue] dissolves metal oxides very rapidly.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]فاسفورک ایسڈ (Phosphoric acid)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کولا ڈرنکس میں موجود [blue]فاسفورک ایسڈ[/blue] سکے کے آکسائیڈ کو صاف کرتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which acid in citrus juice works to clean copper oxides from tarnished coins?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کھٹے پھلوں کے رس (citrus juice) میں موجود کون سا تیزاب تانبے کے آکسائیڈز کو سکوں سے صاف کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Citric acid&quot;, &quot;Phosphoric acid&quot;, &quot;Acetic acid&quot;, &quot;Lactic acid&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Citric acid[/red] is correct because citrus juices contain natural [blue]citric acid that cleans copper tarnish[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سائٹرک ایسڈ (Citric acid)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کھٹے رس میں موجود [blue]سائٹرک ایسڈ[/blue] تانبے کی گندگی کو دور کرتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A solution of which two household substances can take the tarnish away from copper coins?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گھر میں موجود کن دو چیزوں کا محلول تانبے کے پرانے سکوں کی گندگی دور کر سکتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Vinegar and salt&quot;, &quot;Sugar and water only&quot;, &quot;Baking soda and oil&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Vinegar and salt[/red] is correct because a mixture of [blue]vinegar (acid) and salt[/blue] efficiently strips the oxide layer from copper.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سرکہ اور نمک (Vinegar and salt)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ [blue]سرکہ اور کھانے کا نمک[/blue] مل کر تانبے کے پرانے سکوں کو چمکا دیتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Both a cup of coffee and cough syrup are classified as examples of:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کافی کا ایک کپ (coffee) اور کھانسی کا شربت (cough syrup) دونوں مادی طور پر کس کی مثالیں ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Pure chemical elements&quot;, &quot;Solutions&quot;, &quot;Insoluble suspensions&quot;, &quot;Gaseous elements&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solutions[/red] is correct because both represent homogeneous liquid mixtures of [blue]dissolved solutes in water[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سلوشنز (Solutions)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کافی اور کھانسی کا شربت دونوں [blue]سلوشنز کی عام مائع مثالیں[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a major physical difference between a cup of coffee and cough syrup as solutions?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کافی اور کھانسی کے شربت کے محلول (solutions) کے مابین بنیادی طبعی فرق کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Coffee is much more concentrated and thicker than cough syrup&quot;, &quot;Coffee is a thin dilute solution, while cough syrup is a highly concentrated thick solution&quot;, &quot;Cough syrup contains no solute particles&quot;, &quot;Coffee is a solid metal alloy&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Coffee is a thin dilute solution, while cough syrup is a highly concentrated thick solution[/red] is correct because cough syrup contains a [blue]heavy load of sugars and medicinal solutes[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کافی ایک ہلکا ڈائیلوٹ محلول ہے جبکہ کھانسی کا شربت ایک گاڑھا کانسنٹریٹڈ محلول ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ شربت میں [blue]چینی اور ادویات کی مقدار بہت زیادہ[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the process called when a solute is added to a solvent and the solute disappears?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ عمل کیا کہلاتا ہے جس میں سالونٹ کے اندر سلیوٹ ڈالنے پر سلیوٹ گھل کر غائب ہو جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Freezing&quot;, &quot;Dissolving&quot;, &quot;Sublimation&quot;, &quot;Combustion&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Dissolving[/red] is correct because the physical breakdown and dispersion of a solute in a solvent is called [blue]dissolving (dissolution)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ڈیزولونگ یعنی حل ہونا (Dissolving)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سالونٹ میں سلیوٹ کے گھل جانے اور غائب ہونے کو [blue]حل ہونا (dissolving)[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given solvent at a particular temperature called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک مخصوص درجہ حرارت پر سالونٹ کی دی گئی مقدار میں حل ہونے والی مادی مقدار کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Density&quot;, &quot;Solubility&quot;, &quot;Viscosity&quot;, &quot;Flammability&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solubility[/red] is correct because the maximum dissolved mass of a solute at a specified temperature defines its [blue]solubility[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سولیوبلٹی یعنی حل پذیری (Solubility)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مخصوص درجہ حرارت پر سلیوٹ کے حل ہونے کی کل گنجائش کو [blue]سولیوبلٹی[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Solubility&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does the property of solubility represent for a solute in a given solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی سالونٹ میں حل ہونے والے سلیوٹ کے حوالے سے سولیوبلٹی (solubility) کس حد کو ظاہر کرتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;The lowest possible temperature&quot;, &quot;The limit of solute that can be dissolved&quot;, &quot;The maximum boiling point&quot;, &quot;The total atomic density&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]The limit of solute that can be dissolved[/red] is correct because solubility marks the [blue]upper boundary of solute capacity[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]حل ہونے والے سلیوٹ کی آخری حد[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سولیوبلٹی کسی سالونٹ میں سلیوٹ کے [blue]حل ہونے کی زیادہ سے زیادہ حد[/blue] کو ظاہر کرتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Saturated and unsaturated solutions are physically distinguished based on what factor?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سیر شدہ (saturated) اور غیر سیر شدہ (unsaturated) سلوشنز کے مابین کس خصوصیت کی بنیاد پر فرق کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;The physical color of the liquid&quot;, &quot;The amount of solute dissolved relative to its maximum capacity&quot;, &quot;The weight of the glass bottle container&quot;, &quot;The air pressure in the laboratory room&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]The amount of solute dissolved relative to its maximum capacity[/red] is correct because this ratio determines whether a solution is [blue]saturated or unsaturated[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سلیوٹ کی حل شدہ مقدار اور اس کی انتہائی گنجائش کے تناسب سے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اسی سے معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ محلول [blue]سیر شدہ ہے یا غیر سیر شدہ[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a solution called when more solute can still be dissolved in it at a given temperature?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ سلوشن جس میں مزید سلیوٹ حل کرنے کی گنجائش موجود ہو اور کوئی فالتو مادہ نیچے نہ بچے، کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Saturated solution&quot;, &quot;Unsaturated solution&quot;, &quot;Solid alloy solution&quot;, &quot;Concentrated acid&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Unsaturated solution[/red] is correct because an unsaturated solution has [blue]not reached its maximum solubility capacity[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]غیر سیر شدہ محلول (Unsaturated solution)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اس میں [blue]مزید سلیوٹ کو حل کرنے کی صلاحیت[/blue] باقی ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a solution called when it has dissolved the maximum possible amount of solute at a given temperature?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ سلوشن جس میں کسی خاص درجہ حرارت پر سلیوٹ کی زیادہ سے زیادہ حد (maximum amount) حل کی جا چکی ہو، کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Unsaturated solution&quot;, &quot;Saturated solution&quot;, &quot;Dilute water solution&quot;, &quot;Weak liquid solution&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Saturated solution[/red] is correct because no more solute can dissolve at that temperature in a [blue]saturated solution[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سیر شدہ محلول (Saturated solution)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اس میں سلیوٹ کی [blue]زیادہ سے زیادہ ممکنہ مقدار حل[/blue] ہو چکی ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the maximum amount of NaCl (salt) that can dissolve in 100 mL of water at room temperature?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کمرے کے درجہ حرارت پر 100 ملی لیٹر پانی میں کھانے کے نمک (NaCl) کی زیادہ سے زیادہ کتنی مقدار حل ہو سکتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;10.0 g&quot;, &quot;30.0 g&quot;, &quot;36.0 g&quot;, &quot;40.0 g&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]36.0 g[/red] is correct because the room-temperature solubility limit of sodium chloride in 100 mL of water is [blue]36.0 g[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]36.0 گرام[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کمرے کے درجہ حرارت پر 100 ملی لیٹر پانی میں نمک کی حل ہونے کی حد [blue]36.0 گرام[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If 30.0 g of NaCl is dissolved in 100 mL of water, what type of solution is formed?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر 100 ملی لیٹر پانی میں 30.0 گرام نمک حل کیا جائے، تو کون سی قسم کا سلوشن بنتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Saturated solution&quot;, &quot;Unsaturated solution&quot;, &quot;Gaseous solution&quot;, &quot;Solid alloy solution&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Unsaturated solution[/red] is correct because 30.0 g is below the saturation threshold of [blue]36.0 g per 100 mL[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]غیر سیر شدہ محلول (Unsaturated solution)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 30 گرام نمک 36 گرام کی انتہائی حد سے کم ہے، اس لیے یہ [blue]ان-سیچوریٹڈ[/blue] ہوگا۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If 40.0 g of NaCl is added to 100 mL of water, how much salt will remain undissolved at the bottom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر 100 ملی لیٹر پانی میں 40.0 گرام نمک ڈالا جائے، تو کتنا نمک نیچے بغیر حل ہوئے (undissolved) بیٹھا رہ جائے گا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;0.0 g&quot;, &quot;4.0 g&quot;, &quot;36.0 g&quot;, &quot;40.0 g&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]4.0 g[/red] is correct because 36.0 g dissolves to saturate the solution, leaving [blue]4.0 g (40.0 - 36.0 = 4.0 g) undissolved[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]4.0 گرام[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 36 گرام حل ہو جائے گا اور باقی [blue]4.0 گرام نمک (40 - 36 = 4)[/blue] نیچے بیٹھا رہ جائے گا۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Do You Know?&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Adding washing powder to a washing machine full of water is an example of what type of solution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;واشنگ مشین میں پاؤڈر (washing powder) ڈالنا کس قسم کے سلوشن کی ایک مثال ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Dilute solution&quot;, &quot;Highly concentrated solution&quot;, &quot;Solid metal alloy&quot;, &quot;Pure gas solution&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Dilute solution[/red] is correct because a small scoop of powder in dozens of litres of water forms a [blue]dilute solution[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ڈائیلوٹ سلوشن (Dilute solution)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پانی کی بڑی مقدار میں تھوڑا پاؤڈر حل کرنے سے ایک [blue]پتلا (dilute) سلوشن[/blue] بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are medical solutions extremely important for treating?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;طبی محلول (medical solutions) کس حالت یا بیماری کے علاج کے لیے اہم ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Dehydration and wounds&quot;, &quot;Bone fracture only&quot;, &quot;Immediate sight loss&quot;, &quot;Hair fall problems&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Dehydration and wounds[/red] is correct because medical solutions (saline, antiseptics) [blue]restore bodily fluids and clean wounds[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پانی کی کمی اور زخموں کے علاج کے لیے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ طبی محلول [blue]پانی کی کمی دور کرنے اور زخم صاف کرنے[/blue] میں کام آتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the specific class of medical solutions used for rehydration called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پانی کی کمی دور کرنے اور علاج کے لیے استعمال ہونے والے طبی محلول کی مخصوص قسم کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sugar syrup&quot;, &quot;Saline solutions&quot;, &quot;Acidic solutions&quot;, &quot;Pure alcohol solutions&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Saline solutions[/red] is correct because [blue]saline solutions[/blue] match physiological osmotic balances to safely rehydrate patients.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سلائن سلوشنز (Saline solutions)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جسم میں نمکیات اور پانی کی کمی پورا کرنے کے لیے [blue]سلائن سلوشن[/blue] دیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What chemical components are saline solutions composed of?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سلائن سلوشنز (saline solutions) کن اجزاء سے مل کر بنتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Water and sodium chloride&quot;, &quot;Pure organic acids&quot;, &quot;Concentrated sugars only&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Water and sodium chloride[/red] is correct because standard saline consists of sterile [blue]water and pure sodium chloride (salt)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پانی اور سوڈیم کلورائیڈ[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سلائن سلوشن [blue]صاف پانی اور کھانے کے نمک (NaCl)[/blue] کا آمیزہ ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which type of saline is commonly used in hospitals to manage and treat patient dehydration?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہسپتالوں میں مریضوں میں پانی کی شدید کمی کا علاج کرنے کے لیے عام طور پر کون سا سلائن استعمال کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Acidic saline&quot;, &quot;Normal saline&quot;, &quot;Sweet sugar saline&quot;, &quot;Heavy metal saline&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Normal saline[/red] is correct because 0.9% NaCl solution is clinically standard [blue]normal saline[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نارمل سلائن (Normal saline)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہسپتالوں میں پانی کی کمی کے علاج کے لیے [blue]نارمل سلائن ڈرپ[/blue] لگائی جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Factors Affecting The Solubility Of A Solute In A Solvent&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following factors affect the solubility of a solute in a solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی سالونٹ میں سلیوٹ کی حل پذیری (solubility) کا انحصار درج ذیل میں سے کن عوامل پر ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;The nature of solute and solvent&quot;, &quot;Temperature and pressure&quot;, &quot;The color of the glass container&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because solubility depends fundamentally on the [blue]chemical nature of components, temperature, and pressure[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ حل پذیری کا دارومدار [blue]سلیوٹ/سالونٹ کی نوعیت، درجہ حرارت اور دباؤ[/blue] پر ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does the chemical rule \&quot;like dissolves like\&quot; mean in science?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیمسٹری کے مشہور اصول \&quot;لائک ڈیزولو لائک\&quot; (like dissolves like) سے کیا مراد ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Unlike substances dissolve easily&quot;, &quot;Compounds with similar chemical features dissolve in one another&quot;, &quot;Water dissolves only gases&quot;, &quot;Oil dissolves in any type of water&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Compounds with similar chemical features dissolve in one another[/red] is correct because polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents, and non-polar in [blue]non-polar solvents[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک جیسی کیمیائی خصوصیات والے مرکبات ایک دوسرے میں حل ہوتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اس اصول کے مطابق [blue]مشابہ ساخت والے مادے[/blue] آپس میں حل ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is true about the solubility between two chemically unlike substances?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دو بالکل مختلف یا غیر مماثل (unlike) اشیاء کے آپس میں حل ہونے کے امکانات کیسے ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;They are more challenging and difficult&quot;, &quot;They dissolve instantly in seconds&quot;, &quot;They always form solid metal alloys&quot;, &quot;They turn into gases immediately&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]They are more challenging and difficult[/red] is correct because dissimilar intermolecular forces make [blue]dissolution difficult or impossible[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]وہ بہت مشکل اور چیلنجنگ ہوتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دو مختلف کیمیائی خصوصیات کی حامل اشیاء کا [blue]آپس میں حل ہونا مشکل[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Both oil and water are liquids, but why do they NOT dissolve in each other?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;تیل اور پانی دونوں مائع حالت میں ہیں، لیکن وہ ایک دوسرے میں حل کیوں نہیں ہوتے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because they have the same temperature&quot;, &quot;Because their chemical composition is different&quot;, &quot;Because they are transparent liquids&quot;, &quot;Because they have no physical mass&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because their chemical composition is different[/red] is correct because water is polar and oil is non-polar, making them [blue]immiscible[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ ان کی کیمیائی بناوٹ مختلف ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پانی پولر اور تیل نان پولر ہوتا ہے اس لیے [blue]ایک دوسرے میں حل نہیں ہوتے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens physically when you try to mix oil and water in a glass?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب آپ پانی اور تیل کو آپس میں ایک گلاس میں ملانے کی کوشش کرتے ہیں تو طبعی طور پر کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;They form a uniform solution&quot;, &quot;They form two separate layers&quot;, &quot;They explode instantly&quot;, &quot;They turn into solid ice&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]They form two separate layers[/red] is correct because they cannot dissolve into each other and thus [blue]separate by density[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]وہ دو الگ الگ تہیں بنا لیتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ حل نہ ہونے کی وجہ سے تیل اور پانی [blue]دو مختلف تہوں[/blue] میں بٹ جاتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why does water sink to the bottom while oil floats on top when mixed?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;تیل اور پانی کے مکسچر میں پانی نیچے کیوں بیٹھ جاتا ہے اور تیل اوپر کیوں تیرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Oil molecules pack closer together&quot;, &quot;Water molecules pack closer together and sink&quot;, &quot;Water is lighter than oil&quot;, &quot;Oil turns into gas instantly&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Water molecules pack closer together and sink[/red] is correct because water has a [blue]higher density[/blue] than oil.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پانی کے مالیکیولز زیادہ گنجان اور بھاری ہوتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پانی کی ڈینسٹی زیادہ ہونے سے وہ [blue]نیچے بیٹھ جاتا ہے اور تیل اوپر تیرتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why do oil spills at sea cover beaches with a thin coating of oil?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سمندر میں جہازوں سے بہنے والا تیل (oil spills) ساحلوں کو تیل کی ایک باریک تہہ سے کیوں ڈھک دیتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because oil dissolves in sea water easily&quot;, &quot;Because oil does not mix with water and floats&quot;, &quot;Because sea water is too hot&quot;, &quot;Because oil turns into sea sand&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because oil does not mix with water and floats[/red] is correct because oil&#39;s [blue]immiscibility and lower density[/blue] keep it on the water surface.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ تیل پانی میں حل نہیں ہوتا اور اوپر تیرتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ تیرنے کی وجہ سے تیل [blue]ساحلوں تک پہنچ کر پھیل جاتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens when oil is added to a glass of milk?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب دودھ (milk) میں تیل شامل کیا جائے تو کیا طبعی تبدیلی رونما ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Oil dissolves completely in the milk&quot;, &quot;A separated layer of oil forms on top&quot;, &quot;Milk turns into solid ice instantly&quot;, &quot;Milk changes its color to bright green&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]A separated layer of oil forms on top[/red] is correct because milk is mostly water, so oil [blue]remains unmixed and floats on top[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اوپر تیل کی ایک علیحدہ تہہ بن جاتی ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دودھ آبی اساس رکھتا ہے جس کی وجہ سے [blue]تیل حل نہیں ہوتا اور اوپر تیرتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Temperature Affects&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Is the solubility of every chemical substance in water the same or different?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیا پانی میں ہر مادی شے کی حل پذیری (solubility) ایک جیسی ہوتی ہے یا مختلف؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Always exactly the same&quot;, &quot;Different&quot;, &quot;Always zero&quot;, &quot;Same in winter only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Different[/red] is correct because each chemical compound has unique [blue]intermolecular forces and solubility properties[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مختلف ہوتی ہے (Different)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہر کیمیائی شے کی بناوٹ الگ ہونے کی وجہ سے [blue]حل پذیری بھی مختلف[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In which type of water can a larger amount of sugar dissolve?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چینی کی زیادہ مقدار کو اپنے اندر حل کرنے کے لیے کس قسم کے پانی کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Cold ice-water&quot;, &quot;Hot water&quot;, &quot;Salty water&quot;, &quot;Sour water&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Hot water[/red] is correct because increasing temperature increases the [blue]solubility of solid sugar[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گرم پانی (Hot water)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گرم پانی میں چینی کے [blue]حل ہونے کی گنجائش بڑھ جاتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How does an increase in temperature generally affect solubility of solids?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درجہ حرارت (temperature) بڑھنے سے عام طور پر ٹھوس اشیاء کی حل پذیری پر کیا اثر پڑتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;It decreases solubility&quot;, &quot;It increases solubility&quot;, &quot;It has no effect at all&quot;, &quot;It stops dissolving completely&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]It increases solubility[/red] is correct because thermal energy expands solvent spaces and breaks [blue]solute-solute bonds in solids[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]حل پذیری بڑھ جاتی ہے (It increases solubility)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ درجہ حرارت بڑھانے سے ٹھوس اشیاء کی [blue]حل پذیری میں اضافہ[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The solubility of a solute in a solvent typically depends on which major factor?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی سالونٹ میں سلیوٹ کی حل پذیری کا بنیادی انحصار کس ماحولیاتی عنصر پر ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Glass container color&quot;, &quot;Temperature&quot;, &quot;Taste of solute&quot;, &quot;Speed of wind&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Temperature[/red] is correct because thermodynamic conditions, especially [blue]temperature[/blue], govern dissolution equilibrium.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]درجہ حرارت (Temperature)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ حل پذیری کا سب سے اہم انحصار [blue]درجہ حرارت[/blue] پر ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;At higher temperatures, which states of matter have higher solubility in water compared to gases?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زیادہ درجہ حرارت پر، گیسوں کے مقابلے میں کن حالتوں کے مواد کی حل پذیری پانی میں بڑھ جاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solids&quot;, &quot;Liquids&quot;, &quot;Heavy neutrons&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because both solids and liquids generally become [blue]more soluble at higher temperatures[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زیادہ درجہ حرارت پر [blue]ٹھوس اور مائع اشیاء[/blue] دونوں کی حل پذیری بڑھ جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to the solubility of solid solutes when there is a decrease in temperature?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب درجہ حرارت میں کمی (decrease in temperature) واقع ہو، تو حل پذیری کے ساتھ کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Decrease in solubility&quot;, &quot;Increase in solubility&quot;, &quot;Solubility remains the same&quot;, &quot;The solid turns into gas&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Decrease in solubility[/red] is correct because lower thermal kinetic energy lowers the [blue]capacity to dissolve solids[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]حل پذیری میں کمی واقع ہوتی ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ درجہ حرارت کم کرنے سے ٹھوس سلیوٹ کی [blue]حل پذیری کم[/blue] ہو جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to the solubility of solid solutes when there is an increase in temperature?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب درجہ حرارت میں اضافہ (increase in temperature) واقع ہو، تو حل پذیری کے ساتھ کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Decrease in solubility&quot;, &quot;Increase in solubility&quot;, &quot;Solubility stops completely&quot;, &quot;No change occurs&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Increase in solubility[/red] is correct because higher temperature typically expands the [blue]solvation limit for solids[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]حل پذیری میں اضافہ ہوتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ درجہ حرارت بڑھانے سے ٹھوس سلیوٹ کی [blue]حل پذیری بڑھ[/blue] جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the physical effect of low temperature on the dissolution of sugar?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کم درجہ حرارت (low temperature) کا چینی کے پانی میں حل ہونے پر کیا اثر پڑتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;More sugar dissolves&quot;, &quot;Less sugar dissolves&quot;, &quot;Sugar turns into salt&quot;, &quot;Sugar vanishes instantly&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Less sugar dissolves[/red] is correct because cold water has a [blue]lower solubility capacity[/blue] for solid sugar.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کم چینی حل ہوتی ہے (Less sugar dissolves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کم درجہ حرارت پر پانی میں [blue]چینی کی کم مقدار حل[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the physical effect of high temperature on the dissolution of sugar?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زیادہ درجہ حرارت (high temperature) کا چینی کے پانی میں حل ہونے پر کیا اثر پڑتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Less sugar dissolves&quot;, &quot;More sugar dissolves&quot;, &quot;No sugar dissolves at all&quot;, &quot;Sugar turns into solid charcoal&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]More sugar dissolves[/red] is correct because hot water provides higher thermal energy to [blue]dissolve much more sugar[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زیادہ چینی حل ہوتی ہے (More sugar dissolves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زیادہ درجہ حرارت پر پانی میں [blue]چینی کی زیادہ مقدار حل[/blue] ہو جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The amount of solute that can dissolve in a given solvent has what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی دیئے گئے سالونٹ میں حل ہونے والے سلیوٹ کی مقدار کی کیا ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;No limit at all&quot;, &quot;An upper limit&quot;, &quot;Always zero limit&quot;, &quot;Infinite capacity&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]An upper limit[/red] is correct because at any fixed temperature, a solvent has a definitive [blue]maximum solubility limit[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک آخری حد ہوتی ہے (An upper limit)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کسی بھی سالونٹ میں سلیوٹ کے حل ہونے کی [blue]ایک انتہائی حد[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How can more solute be successfully added and dissolved into a saturated solution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک پہلے سے سیر شدہ (saturated) سلوشن میں مزید سلیوٹ کو کیسے کامیابی سے حل کیا جا سکتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;With an increase in temperature&quot;, &quot;By cooling it in cold ice&quot;, &quot;By adding more dry sand&quot;, &quot;By keeping it in absolute darkness&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]With an increase in temperature[/red] is correct because heating temporarily expands the [blue]capacity of the saturated solution[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]درجہ حرارت میں اضافہ کر کے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سیر شدہ محلول کو گرم کر کے [blue]مزید سلیوٹ حل کیا جا سکتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a solution called when it contains more dissolved solute than a normal saturated solution due to heating?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ سلوشن جس میں درجہ حرارت بڑھنے کی وجہ سے عام سیر شدہ سلوشن سے بھی زیادہ سلیوٹ حل ہو چکا ہو، کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Unsaturated solution&quot;, &quot;Supersaturated solution&quot;, &quot;Dilute water solution&quot;, &quot;Weak liquid solution&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Supersaturated solution[/red] is correct because holding excess solute beyond room-temp saturation produces a [blue]supersaturated solution[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سوپر سیچوریٹڈ سلوشن (Supersaturated solution)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گرم کر کے گنجائش سے زیادہ سلیوٹ حل کرنے والا محلول [blue]سوپر سیچوریٹڈ[/blue] کہلاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to a dissolved solute when the temperature of a hot solution is lowered?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب ایک گرم محلول کا درجہ حرارت کم کیا جائے (temperature is lowered)، تو حل شدہ سلیوٹ کے ساتھ کیا طبعی تبدیلی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;It becomes much more soluble&quot;, &quot;It becomes less soluble and forms crystals&quot;, &quot;It turns into gas instantly&quot;, &quot;No physical change occurs&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]It becomes less soluble and forms crystals[/red] is correct because cooling forces excess solute out of solution to form [blue]solid crystals[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اس کی حل پذیری کم ہو جاتی ہے اور وہ کرسٹل بناتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹھنڈا کرنے پر اضافی سلیوٹ [blue]ٹھوس کرسٹلز بن کر[/blue] الگ ہو جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the process of forming solid crystals by cooling a solution called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گرم سیر شدہ محلول کو ٹھنڈا کر کے ٹھوس قلمیں (crystals) بنانے کے اس عمل کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Liquid evaporation&quot;, &quot;Crystallization&quot;, &quot;Dry sublimation&quot;, &quot;Fuel combustion&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Crystallization[/red] is correct because separating solid solute in geometric crystal form from a cooling solution is [blue]crystallization[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کرسٹلائزیشن (Crystallization)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ محلول کو ٹھنڈا کر کے ٹھوس قلمیں بنانے کے عمل کو [blue]کرسٹلائزیشن[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which popular sweet treat is manufactured using the chemical process of crystallization?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کون سی مشہور میٹھی چیز یا مٹھائی کرسٹلائزیشن (crystallization) کے اس مادی عمل کے ذریعے بنائی جاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Chocolate liquid syrup&quot;, &quot;Rock candy&quot;, &quot;Carbonated fizzy cola&quot;, &quot;Fresh orange juice&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Rock candy[/red] is correct because rock candy is grown by the slow [blue]crystallization of sugar from a supersaturated syrup[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]راک کینڈی یعنی مصری (Rock candy)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ راک کینڈی چینی کے گاڑھے محلول سے [blue]کرسٹلائزیشن کے عمل[/blue] سے تیار کی جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Making Of Rock Candy-Crystal By Seedling Techniques&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Rock candy is a well-known example of which type of solution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;راک کینڈی (مصری) کس قسم کے سلوشن کی ایک اہم اور عام مثال ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Dilute solution&quot;, &quot;Saturated solution&quot;, &quot;Supersaturated solution&quot;, &quot;Gaseous air solution&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Supersaturated solution[/red] is correct because rock candy preparation relies on an unstable [blue]supersaturated sugar solution[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سوپر سیچوریٹڈ سلوشن (Supersaturated solution)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ راک کینڈی چینی کے [blue]سوپر سیچوریٹڈ سلوشن[/blue] سے بنائی جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;During the formation of rock candy, the sugar solution is allowed to crystallize onto which suitable surface?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;راک کینڈی بنانے کے عمل میں، چینی کے محلول کو کس کی سطح پر جمنے (crystallize) دیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;A string or stick&quot;, &quot;Ice blocks only&quot;, &quot;The hot stove burner&quot;, &quot;Plastic bottles&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]A string or stick[/red] is correct because a suspended string or wooden stick provides [blue]nucleation sites for crystal growth[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]دھاگے یا لکڑی کی چھڑی پر[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چینی کے کرسٹلز [blue]دھاگے یا چھڑی کی سطح پر[/blue] جمنا شروع ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following materials are required to make rock candy?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گھر پر راک کینڈی (مصری) بنانے کے تجربے کے لیے کن چیزوں کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Water and sugar&quot;, &quot;Saucepan, glass jars, and wooden sticks&quot;, &quot;Vegetable cooking oils&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because making rock candy requires [blue]sugar, water, jars, and sticks/strings[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ راک کینڈی بنانے کے لیے [blue]پانی، چینی، برتن، شیشے کے جار اور چھڑیاں[/blue] درکار ہوتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why must you take care when mixing and pouring the sugar-water solution in this experiment?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;تجربے کے دوران چینی اور پانی کے محلول کو برتنوں میں ڈالتے وقت احتیاط کیوں برتنی چاہیے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because it is extremely cold&quot;, &quot;Because it is extremely hot&quot;, &quot;Because it is highly toxic&quot;, &quot;Because it turns into gas instantly&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because it is extremely hot[/red] is correct because boiling supersaturated sugar water reaches high temperatures and [blue]can cause severe burns[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ یہ انتہائی گرم ہوتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ابلتا ہوا چینی کا محلول [blue]انتہائی گرم ہوتا ہے[/blue] جس سے ہاتھ جلنے کا خطرہ ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many cups of sugar are dissolved in one cup of boiling water to make this solution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اس محلول کو بنانے کے لیے ایک کپ ابلتے ہوئے پانی میں چینی کے کتنے کپ شامل کیے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;One cup&quot;, &quot;Three cups&quot;, &quot;Six cups&quot;, &quot;Ten cups&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Three cups[/red] is correct because creating a strong supersaturated candy syrup typically requires [blue]3 cups of sugar to 1 cup of water[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]تین کپ (Three cups)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سوپر سیچوریٹڈ محلول کے لیے [blue]1 کپ پانی میں 3 کپ چینی[/blue] حل کی جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why is food color added to each jar containing the hot sugar solution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چینی کے محلول والے ہر شیشے کے برتن میں فوڈ کلر (food colour) کیوں ملایا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;To stop the crystallization process&quot;, &quot;To get coloured rock candies&quot;, &quot;To make the sugar taste salty&quot;, &quot;To cool the liquid down instantly&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]To get coloured rock candies[/red] is correct because food dyes yield [blue]vibrantly coloured sugar crystals[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]رنگ برنگی راک کینڈیز حاصل کرنے کے لیے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فوڈ کلر سے [blue]خوبصورت رنگین کرسٹلز[/blue] حاصل ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens on the wooden stick after leaving it in the sugar syrup for a few days?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لکڑی کی چھڑی کو چند دن محلول میں چھوڑنے کے بعد اس پر کون سا طبعی عمل ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;The stick dissolves completely&quot;, &quot;Recrystallization happens and solid sugar crystals form on it&quot;, &quot;The syrup turns into table salt&quot;, &quot;Nothing happens&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Recrystallization happens and solid sugar crystals form on it[/red] is correct because cooling triggers [blue]recrystallization around the stick[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کرسٹلائزیشن ہوتی ہے اور چھڑی پر ٹھوس چینی کے کرسٹل بن جاتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چند دن میں [blue]چھڑی کے گرد ٹھوس کرسٹل جمع ہو جاتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the technique of growing rock candy crystals on a stick using starter crystals called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چھڑی پر چینی کے چھوٹے کرسٹلز کی مدد سے راک کینڈی بنانے کے اس تکنیکی طریقہ کار کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Boiling technique&quot;, &quot;Seedling technique&quot;, &quot;Melting technique&quot;, &quot;Freezing technique&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Seedling technique[/red] is correct because providing starter \&quot;seed\&quot; crystals on the stick is the [blue]seedling (or seeding) technique[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سیڈلنگ ٹیکنیک (Seedling technique)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چھڑی پر پہلے سے کرسٹل بیج فراہم کر کے راک کینڈی اگانے کو [blue]سیڈلنگ ٹیکنیک[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to the solubility of a gas in water when the temperature increases?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب پانی کا درجہ حرارت بڑھایا جائے، تو اس میں گیس کی حل پذیری (solubility) کے ساتھ کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;It increases systematically&quot;, &quot;It decreases&quot;, &quot;It remains exactly the same&quot;, &quot;It turns into a solid&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]It decreases[/red] is correct because higher kinetic energy causes dissolved gas molecules to [blue]escape from the liquid[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کم ہو جاتی ہے (It decreases)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ درجہ حرارت بڑھانے سے پانی میں گیسوں کی [blue]حل پذیری کم[/blue] ہو جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Gases generally have higher solubility in water at what temperature?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گیسیں عام طور پر پانی میں کس درجہ حرارت پر سب سے زیادہ اور بہتر طور پر حل ہوتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Higher temperature&quot;, &quot;Lower temperature&quot;, &quot;Boiling temperature&quot;, &quot;Extreme heat&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Lower temperature[/red] is correct because cold water minimizes gas kinetic energy, allowing [blue]more gas to remain dissolved[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کم درجہ حرارت پر (Lower temperature)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹھنڈے پانی یا کم درجہ حرارت پر گیسوں کی [blue]حل پذیری زیادہ[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;An increase in temperature leads to which effect on the solubility of gases?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درجہ حرارت میں اضافہ کرنے سے گیسوں کی حل پذیری پر کیا اثر پڑتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Increase in solubility of gases&quot;, &quot;Decrease in solubility of gases&quot;, &quot;Complete freezing of gas particles&quot;, &quot;No chemical change occurs&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Decrease in solubility of gases[/red] is correct because heating liquid solutions [blue]drives out dissolved gases[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گیسوں کی حل پذیری میں کمی[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ درجہ حرارت بڑھانے سے پانی میں موجود [blue]گیسوں کی حل پذیری گھٹ جاتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to the amount of gas dissolved in water at a higher temperature?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زیادہ درجہ حرارت (higher temperature) پر پانی میں گیس کی کتنی مقدار حل ہو پاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;More gas dissolves&quot;, &quot;Less gas dissolves&quot;, &quot;No gas dissolves at all&quot;, &quot;Gas turns into sugar crystals&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Less gas dissolves[/red] is correct because elevated thermal energy [blue]reduces the capacity of water to retain gases[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کم گیس حل ہوتی ہے (Less gas dissolves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زیادہ درجہ حرارت پر پانی میں [blue]گیس کی کم مقدار حل[/blue] رہ پاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to the dissolution of gases when the temperature of the water is lowered?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب پانی کا درجہ حرارت کم کیا جائے (lower temperature)، تو گیس کے حل ہونے پر کیا اثر پڑتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Less gas dissolves&quot;, &quot;More gas dissolves&quot;, &quot;No gas dissolves&quot;, &quot;Gas turns into liquid oil&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]More gas dissolves[/red] is correct because cooling water increases its [blue]solubility limit for gas solutes[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زیادہ گیس حل ہوتی ہے (More gas dissolves)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پانی کو ٹھنڈا کرنے پر اس میں [blue]زیادہ گیس حل[/blue] ہو سکتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Pressure Affects&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The solubility of which states of matter is hardly affected by changes in pressure?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کن مادی حالتوں کی حل پذیری (solubility) پر دباؤ (pressure) میں تبدیلی کا کوئی خاص اثر نہیں پڑتا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solids&quot;, &quot;Liquids&quot;, &quot;Gases&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because solids and liquids are virtually incompressible, so pressure has [blue]minimal effect on their solubility[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹھوس اور مائع اشیاء پر [blue]دباؤ کے بدلنے سے کوئی خاص فرق نہیں پڑتا[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How does an increase in pressure affect the solubility of gases in liquids?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دباؤ (pressure) میں اضافہ کرنے سے مائع میں گیسوں کی حل پذیری پر کیا اثر پڑتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;It decreases solubility&quot;, &quot;It increases solubility&quot;, &quot;It has no effect at all&quot;, &quot;It turns gas into solid instantly&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]It increases solubility[/red] is correct according to Henry&#39;s law: gas solubility in a liquid [blue]increases directly with pressure[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]حل پذیری بڑھ جاتی ہے (It increases solubility)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دباؤ بڑھانے سے مائع میں گیسوں کی [blue]حل پذیری میں اضافہ[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is formed when gases dissolve systematically in liquids?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب گیسیں مائع اشیاء میں منظم اور یکساں طور پر حل ہوتی ہیں، تو کیا بنتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solution&quot;, &quot;Pure element&quot;, &quot;Solid metal alloy&quot;, &quot;Atom nucleus core&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solution[/red] is correct because gas molecules dissolving evenly in a liquid create a [blue]homogeneous solution[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سلوشن (Solution)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جب گیسیں مائع میں یکساں طور پر حل ہوتی ہیں تو وہ [blue]سلوشن یا محلول[/blue] بناتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does increasing pressure physically do to gas solute particles?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دباؤ بڑھانے سے گیس سلیوٹ (gas solute) کے ذرات پر کیا طبعی اثر پڑتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;It evaporates them instantly&quot;, &quot;It squeezes gas solute into the solvent&quot;, &quot;It freezes them into solid ice&quot;, &quot;It turns them into positive protons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]It squeezes gas solute into the solvent[/red] is correct because high pressure forces gas molecules [blue]closer to and into the liquid surface[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ گیس سلیوٹ کو سالونٹ کے اندر دبا دیتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دباؤ بڑھانے سے گیس کے ذرات [blue]سالونٹ میں داخل ہو کر حل[/blue] ہو جاتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Gases exhibit higher solubility in liquids at which pressure level?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گیسیں مائع اشیاء میں کس قسم کے دباؤ پر سب سے زیادہ اور بہتر طور پر حل ہوتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Zero pressure&quot;, &quot;Higher pressure&quot;, &quot;Lower pressure&quot;, &quot;No pressure at all&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Higher pressure[/red] is correct because maximum gas dissolution occurs under [blue]higher partial pressure[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]زیادہ دباؤ پر (Higher pressure)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گیسیں [blue]زیادہ دباؤ کی حالت میں[/blue] مائع میں سب سے زیادہ حل ہوتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to the solubility of gases when there is a decrease in gas pressure?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب گیس کے دباؤ میں کمی (decrease in gas pressure) واقع ہو، تو حل پذیری کے ساتھ کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Decrease in solubility&quot;, &quot;Increase in solubility&quot;, &quot;Solubility remains unchanged&quot;, &quot;Gas freezes instantly&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Decrease in solubility[/red] is correct because lowering pressure allows dissolved gas molecules to [blue]escape the liquid phase[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]حل پذیری میں کمی واقع ہوتی ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دباؤ کم کرنے سے گیسوں کی [blue]حل پذیری گھٹ جاتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Under normal atmospheric pressure, the solubility of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in water is:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;عام فضائی دباؤ (normal atmospheric pressure) کے تحت، پانی میں کاربن ڈائی آکسائیڈ کی حل پذیری کیسی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Low&quot;, &quot;High&quot;, &quot;Infinite&quot;, &quot;Zero&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Low[/red] is correct because standard 1 atm atmospheric pressure provides only enough force for [blue]low CO₂ solubility[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کم ہوتی ہے (Low)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ عام فضائی دباؤ کے تحت پانی میں کاربن ڈائی آکسائیڈ کی [blue]حل پذیری کم[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens when the surface of water is subjected to higher pressure regarding CO₂ gas?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب پانی کی سطح پر زیادہ دباؤ (higher pressure) ڈالا جائے، تو کاربن ڈائی آکسائیڈ گیس کے ساتھ کیا تبدیلی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;No gas dissolves in the water&quot;, &quot;A lot of CO₂ gas gets dissolved in it&quot;, &quot;The gas turns into solid dry ice&quot;, &quot;The gas changes its color to green&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]A lot of CO₂ gas gets dissolved in it[/red] is correct because high industrial pressure forces [blue]substantial amounts of CO₂ to dissolve[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]بہت زیادہ مقدار میں CO₂ گیس حل ہو جاتی ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زیادہ دباؤ ڈالنے سے [blue]زیادہ کاربن ڈائی آکسائیڈ گیس پانی میں حل[/blue] ہو جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why does the dissolved gas rapidly bubble out when you open a bottle of soda water?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سوڈا واٹر کی بوتل کھولنے پر اس میں حل شدہ گیس تیزی سے بلبلوں کی شکل میں باہر کیوں آتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because the liquid temperature increases&quot;, &quot;Because the pressure on the surface suddenly decreases&quot;, &quot;Because the water turns into sugar instantly&quot;, &quot;Because the gas freezes into ice&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because the pressure on the surface suddenly decreases[/red] is correct because the release of pressure instantly [blue]lowers gas solubility, releasing bubbles[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ سطح پر دباؤ اچانک کم ہو جاتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ڈھکن کھولنے سے اندرونی دباؤ کم ہوتا ہے اور [blue]حل شدہ گیس بلبلے بن کر باہر نکلتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Do You Know?&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Acetone is physically classified as what type of substance?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایسیٹون (Acetone) کو طبعی اور کیمیائی طور پر کس مادی زمرے میں رکھا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solid solute&quot;, &quot;Liquid solvent&quot;, &quot;Insoluble gas&quot;, &quot;Plant fiber&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Liquid solvent[/red] is correct because acetone is an organic [blue]liquid solvent[/blue] widely used for dissolving non-polar substances.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مائع سالونٹ (Liquid solvent)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایسیٹون ایک بہترین [blue]مائع سالونٹ[/blue] ہے جو بہت سی اشیاء کو گھولتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following commercial removing products commonly contain acetone?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کن مصنوعات میں عام طور پر ایسیٹون (acetone) شامل کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Nail polish remover&quot;, &quot;Paint and varnish removers&quot;, &quot;Pure drinking water&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because acetone&#39;s solvent power is used in [blue]nail polish removers, paint thinners, and varnish removers[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایسیٹون [blue]نیل پالش ریموور اور پینٹ/وارنش ریموورز[/blue] میں بنیادی جزو ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Acetone is chemically used in factories to manufacture which of the following materials?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کارخانوں میں ایسیٹون کا استعمال کن مادی اشیاء کی صنعتی تیاری میں کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Plastics and lacquers&quot;, &quot;Textiles (fabrics)&quot;, &quot;Fresh dairy food products&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because acetone is an industrial solvent used in producing [blue]plastics, synthetic fibers, lacquers, and textiles[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایسیٹون صنعتی طور پر [blue]پلاسٹک، وارنش اور کپڑے (textiles)[/blue] بنانے میں استعمال ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Process Of Dissolving Materials&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The process of dissolving a solute in a solvent can be accelerated by which of the following methods?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی سالونٹ میں سلیوٹ کے حل ہونے کے عمل کو تیز (accelerate) کرنے کے لیے کون سے طریقے اپنائے جا سکتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Increasing temperature and stirring the solvent&quot;, &quot;Grinding the solute into smaller particles&quot;, &quot;Adding cold oil to the mixture&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because heating, stirring, and grinding all [blue]accelerate the rate of dissolution[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ درجہ حرارت بڑھانے، ہلانے (stirring) اور [blue]سلیوٹ کو باریک پیسنے سے[/blue] حل ہونے کی رفتار تیز ہو جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How does heating the mixture affect the dissolving speed of a solid solute?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;محلول کو گرم (heating) کرنے سے سلیوٹ کے حل ہونے کی رفتار پر کیا طبعی اثر پڑتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Dissolving becomes much slower&quot;, &quot;Dissolving becomes faster&quot;, &quot;Dissolving stops completely&quot;, &quot;No change in dissolving speed occurs&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Dissolving becomes faster[/red] is correct because thermal energy increases molecular collisions, making [blue]dissolving faster[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]حل ہونے کی رفتار تیز ہو جاتی ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گرم کرنے سے سالونٹ کے مالیکیولز کی حرکت تیز ہو کر [blue]سلیوٹ کو جلدی حل کرتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Heating a mixture makes the process of dissolving a solid solute:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;محلول کو گرم (heating) کرنے سے سلیوٹ کے حل ہونے کا عمل کیسا ہو جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Slower&quot;, &quot;Faster&quot;, &quot;Frozen&quot;, &quot;Zero&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Faster[/red] is correct because heating supplies kinetic energy to accelerate [blue]dissolution kinetics[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]تیز (Faster)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ محلول کو گرم کرنے سے سلیوٹ کے گھلنے کا عمل [blue]بہت تیز[/blue] ہو جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What physical action can be used to speed up the process of dissolving a solute in a liquid?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;محلول میں سلیوٹ کے حل ہونے کی رفتار کو بڑھانے کے لیے کون سا آسان طبعی عمل کیا جا سکتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Freezing the liquid&quot;, &quot;Stirring the mixture&quot;, &quot;Cooling the glass&quot;, &quot;Condensing the gas&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Stirring the mixture[/red] is correct because mechanical agitation continuously exposes [blue]fresh solvent to the solute surface[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]محلول کو ہلانا (Stirring the mixture)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چمچ سے ہلانے سے [blue]سلیوٹ بہت تیزی سے حل[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why does stirring increase the rate of dissolving?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہِلانے (stirring) سے سلیوٹ کے حل ہونے کی رفتار کیوں بڑھ جاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because it cools the liquid temperature&quot;, &quot;Because it distributes solute particles throughout the solvent&quot;, &quot;Because it chemically destroys the solute&quot;, &quot;Because it turns liquid water into gas&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because it distributes solute particles throughout the solvent[/red] is correct because stirring spreads solute and [blue]prevents local saturation[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ یہ سلیوٹ کے ذرات کو سالونٹ میں پھیلا دیتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہلانے سے سلیوٹ کے ذرات [blue]سالونٹ میں یکساں پھیل جاتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why does a solid solute dissolve faster when it is ground into smaller particles rather than in large pieces?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;بڑے ٹکڑوں کے مقابلے میں سلیوٹ کو باریک پیسنے (ground into smaller particles) سے وہ جلدی کیوں حل ہو جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because small particles have zero mass&quot;, &quot;Because small particles dissolve faster than large pieces&quot;, &quot;Because small particles are colder&quot;, &quot;Because large pieces melt faster in water&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because small particles dissolve faster than large pieces[/red] is correct because smaller particles provide a [blue]much larger total surface area[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ چھوٹے ذرات بڑے ٹکڑوں کی نسبت تیزی سے حل ہوتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ باریک پیسنے سے سلیوٹ کی [blue]سطح کا رقبہ بڑھ جاتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;To make the dissolving process faster, when should you grind the solid solute?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سلیوٹ کو جلدی حل کرنے کے لیے اسے کب پیسنا (grinding) چاہیے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;After it has settled at the bottom&quot;, &quot;Before it is put into the solvent&quot;, &quot;While boiling the finished solution&quot;, &quot;Only after it is completely dissolved&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Before it is put into the solvent[/red] is correct because crushing the solid [blue]prior to mixing maximizes dissolution speed[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سالونٹ میں ڈالنے سے پہلے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سالونٹ میں ملانے سے پہلے [blue]باریک پیس لینے سے[/blue] وہ جلدی حل ہو جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Key Points&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دو یا دو سے زیادہ اشیاء کے یکساں مکسچر کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Atom&quot;, &quot;Solution&quot;, &quot;Solid element&quot;, &quot;Pure gas&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solution[/red] is correct because any uniform homogeneous mixture of substances is scientifically a [blue]solution[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سلوشن (Solution)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دو یا دو سے زیادہ اشیاء کے یکساں مکسچر کو [blue]سلوشن یا محلول[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The substance that dissolves and is present in less amount in a solution is called:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ مادہ جو حل ہوتا ہے اور سلوشن میں کم مقدار میں پایا جاتا ہے، کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solvent&quot;, &quot;Solute&quot;, &quot;Mixture&quot;, &quot;Element&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solute[/red] is correct because the component present in a [blue]minority that gets dissolved is the solute[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سلیوٹ (Solute)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سلوشن کا وہ حصہ جو حل ہوتا ہے اور [blue]کم مقدار میں پایا جاتا ہے[/blue]، سلیوٹ کہلاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The substance in which the solute is dissolved and is in greater amount in a solution is called:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ مادہ جس میں سلیوٹ حل ہوتا ہے اور جو سلوشن میں زیادہ مقدار میں ہوتا ہے، کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solute&quot;, &quot;Solvent&quot;, &quot;Atom&quot;, &quot;Molecule&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solvent[/red] is correct because the medium present in a [blue]greater quantity is the solvent[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سالونٹ (Solvent)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ وہ مادہ جو سلیوٹ کو حل کرتا ہے اور [blue]زیادہ مقدار میں ہوتا ہے[/blue]، سالونٹ کہلاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A solution in which water is used as the solvent is known as an:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایسا سلوشن جس میں پانی کو سالونٹ کے طور پر استعمال کیا گیا ہو، کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Alcoholic solution&quot;, &quot;Aqueous solution&quot;, &quot;Gaseous solution&quot;, &quot;Solid alloy&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Aqueous solution[/red] is correct because [blue]aqueous solutions[/blue] use water as the dissolving solvent.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایکوئس سلوشن (Aqueous solution)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جس محلول میں [blue]پانی سالونٹ کے طور پر ہو[/blue] اسے ایکوئس سلوشن کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A solution in which there is a relatively small amount of solute dissolved is called a:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ سلوشن جس میں سلیوٹ کی نسبتاً کم مقدار حل ہو، کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Concentrated solution&quot;, &quot;Dilute solution&quot;, &quot;Saturated solution&quot;, &quot;Supersaturated solution&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Dilute solution[/red] is correct because a [blue]low solute concentration[/blue] characterizes a dilute solution.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ڈائیلوٹ سلوشن (Dilute solution)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سلیوٹ کی [blue]کم مقدار رکھنے والا محلول[/blue] ڈائیلوٹ کہلاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A solution that contains a relatively large amount of dissolved solute is called a:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ سلوشن جس میں سلیوٹ کی نسبتاً زیادہ مقدار حل ہو، کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Dilute solution&quot;, &quot;Concentrated solution&quot;, &quot;Saturated solution&quot;, &quot;Weak solution&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Concentrated solution[/red] is correct because a [blue]high solute concentration[/blue] defines a concentrated solution.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کانسنٹریٹڈ سلوشن (Concentrated solution)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جس محلول میں سلیوٹ کی [blue]زیادہ مقدار حل ہو[/blue] اسے کانسنٹریٹڈ سلوشن کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A solution in which the maximum amount of solute has dissolved in the solvent at a given temperature is called a:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ سلوشن جس میں کسی خاص درجہ حرارت پر سلیوٹ کی زیادہ سے زیادہ حد حل ہو چکی ہو، کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Unsaturated solution&quot;, &quot;Saturated solution&quot;, &quot;Dilute solution&quot;, &quot;Weak solution&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Saturated solution[/red] is correct because reaching the [blue]maximum solubility limit[/blue] results in a saturated solution.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سیچوریٹڈ سلوشن (Saturated solution)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جب سلیوٹ کی [blue]زیادہ سے زیادہ مقدار حل ہو جائے[/blue] تو وہ سیچوریٹڈ کہلاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A solution in which the solute has completely dissolved leaving no remaining substance and more can dissolve is called an:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ سلوشن جس میں سلیوٹ مکمل طور پر حل ہو چکا ہو، کوئی فالتو مادہ نہ بچے اور مزید سلیوٹ حل کرنے کی گنجائش ہو، کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Saturated solution&quot;, &quot;Unsaturated solution&quot;, &quot;Supersaturated solution&quot;, &quot;Concentrated acid&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Unsaturated solution[/red] is correct because [blue]further solute can still dissolve[/blue] in an unsaturated solution.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ان-سیچوریٹڈ سلوشن (Unsaturated solution)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اس میں [blue]مزید سلیوٹ کے حل ہونے کی گنجائش[/blue] باقی ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is formed when more solute is added to a saturated solution at a higher temperature, and it forms crystals upon cooling?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب زیادہ درجہ حرارت پر سیچوریٹڈ سلوشن میں مزید سلیوٹ حل کیا جائے اور ٹھنڈا ہونے پر وہ کرسٹل بنائے، تو کیا بنتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Unsaturated solution&quot;, &quot;Supersaturated solution&quot;, &quot;Dilute solution&quot;, &quot;Weak solution&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Supersaturated solution[/red] is correct because heating allows excess solute to dissolve, creating a [blue]supersaturated state[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سوپر سیچوریٹڈ سلوشن (Supersaturated solution)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ درجہ حرارت بڑھا کر اضافی سلیوٹ حل کرنے سے [blue]سوپر سیچوریٹڈ سلوشن[/blue] بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;At higher temperatures, which of the following have higher solubility in water compared to gases?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;زیادہ درجہ حرارت پر، گیسوں کے مقابلے میں کن مادی حالتوں کی حل پذیری پانی میں بڑھ جاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Liquids&quot;, &quot;Solids&quot;, &quot;Heavy neutrons&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because temperature increases [blue]solid and liquid solubility[/blue] while decreasing gas solubility.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ زیادہ درجہ حرارت پر [blue]ٹھوس اور مائع[/blue] دونوں کی حل پذیری گیسوں سے زیادہ ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does the chemical rule \&quot;like dissolves like\&quot; mean?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیمیا کے مشہور اصول \&quot;لائک ڈیزولو لائک\&quot; (like dissolves like) سے کیا مراد ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Unlike substances dissolve easily&quot;, &quot;Chemical compounds with similar chemical features will dissolve one another&quot;, &quot;Water dissolves only solid metals&quot;, &quot;Oil dissolves in water easily&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Chemical compounds with similar chemical features will dissolve one another[/red] is correct because substances with matching [blue]polarities dissolve in each other[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مشابہ کیمیائی خصوصیات والے مرکبات ایک دوسرے کو حل کرتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایک جیسی [blue]پولیرٹی یا ساخت والے مادے[/blue] باآسانی حل ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The solubility of which states of matter is hardly affected by changes in pressure?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کن مادی حالتوں کی حل پذیری (solubility) پر دباؤ (pressure) میں تبدیلی کا کوئی خاص اثر نہیں پڑتا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solids&quot;, &quot;Liquids&quot;, &quot;Gases&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because pressure barely alters the solubility of [blue]incompressible solids and liquids[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دباؤ کی تبدیلی سے [blue]ٹھوس اور مائع اشیاء کی حل پذیری[/blue] پر کوئی خاص اثر نہیں ہوتا۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How does an increase in pressure affect the solubility of gases in liquids?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دباؤ (pressure) میں اضافہ کرنے سے مائع میں گیسوں کی حل پذیری پر کیا اثر پڑتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solubility decreases&quot;, &quot;Solubility increases&quot;, &quot;Solubility stays the same&quot;, &quot;Gas freezes instantly&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solubility increases[/red] is correct because higher pressure forces more gas particles to [blue]dissolve in the liquid phase[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]حل پذیری بڑھ جاتی ہے (Solubility increases)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دباؤ بڑھنے سے مائع میں گیس کی [blue]حل پذیری بڑھتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The process of dissolving a solute accelerates by doing which of the following?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی سالونٹ میں سلیوٹ کے حل ہونے کے عمل کو تیز (accelerate) کرنے کے لیے کون سے طریقے اپنائے جا سکتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Increasing temperature and stirring the solvent&quot;, &quot;Grinding solute particles into small pieces&quot;, &quot;Adding cold ice to the mixture&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because heating, agitation (stirring), and increasing surface area (grinding) [blue]accelerate dissolution[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ درجہ حرارت بڑھانے، ہلانے اور [blue]سلیوٹ کو باریک پیسنے سے[/blue] حل ہونے کی رفتار تیز ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Exercise&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In a solution made of solid and liquid, what is the liquid portion called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ٹھوس اور مائع کے سلوشن (محلول) میں مائع والے حصے کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Solute&quot;, &quot;Solvent&quot;, &quot;Suspension&quot;, &quot;Sediment&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Solvent[/red] is correct because the liquid dissolving the solid acts as the [blue]solvent[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سالونٹ (Solvent)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ٹھوس اور مائع کے ملاپ میں مائع حصہ [blue]سالونٹ[/blue] کہلاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A solution containing less solute than its maximum capacity to dissolve is called:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایسا سلوشن جس میں حل کرنے کی انتہائی گنجائش سے کم سلیوٹ موجود ہو، کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Saturated&quot;, &quot;Unsaturated&quot;, &quot;Supersaturated&quot;, &quot;Aqueous&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Unsaturated[/red] is correct because it has not yet reached its [blue]maximum solubility capacity[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]غیر سیر شدہ (Unsaturated)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اس میں سلیوٹ کی مقدار [blue]انتہائی گنجائش سے کم[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When more solute is dissolved in a saturated solution by heating, the solution becomes:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب درجہ حرارت بڑھا کر ایک سیر شدہ (saturated) سلوشن میں مزید سلیوٹ حل کیا جائے، تو وہ کیا بن جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Saturated&quot;, &quot;Unsaturated&quot;, &quot;Supersaturated&quot;, &quot;Dilute&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Supersaturated[/red] is correct because heating forces extra solute into solution beyond normal limits, forming a [blue]supersaturated solution[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سوپر سیچوریٹڈ (Supersaturated)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گرم کر کے گنجائش سے زیادہ سلیوٹ حل کرنے سے محلول [blue]سوپر سیچوریٹڈ[/blue] بن جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following substances is highly soluble in water to form an aqueous solution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کون سا مادہ پانی میں آسانی سے حل ہو کر آبی محلول (aqueous solution) بناتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Cooking oil&quot;, &quot;Sugar&quot;, &quot;Chalk powder&quot;, &quot;River sand&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Sugar[/red] is correct because sugar dissolves readily in water due to strong [blue]hydrogen bonding with water molecules[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]چینی (Sugar)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ چینی پانی میں مکمل اور باآسانی حل ہو کر [blue]آبی محلول[/blue] بناتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which factor significantly increases the solubility limit of a solid solute in a liquid solvent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی مائع میں ٹھوس سلیوٹ کی حل پذیری (solubility) کی حد کو بڑھانے کے لیے کون سا عنصر بنیادی کردار ادا کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Grinding&quot;, &quot;Stirring&quot;, &quot;Heating (increasing temperature)&quot;, &quot;Increasing pressure&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Heating (increasing temperature)[/red] is correct because temperature is the only listed factor that raises the actual [blue]solubility thermodynamic limit[/blue] (grinding and stirring only increase the rate).&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گرم کرنا یا درجہ حرارت بڑھانا (Heating)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ درجہ حرارت بڑھانے سے سالونٹ کی ٹھوس سلیوٹ حل کرنے کی [blue]حقیقی گنجائش بڑھتی ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  }
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        // =========================================================
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        // ============ TOC / SCROLL LOGIC END =====================
        // =========================================================


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                // START: *** NEW LAYOUT LOGIC ***
                // Create a container for the action buttons
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                    commentLink.className = &#39;modern-comment-link&#39;;
                    const commentSVG = `&lt;svg viewBox=&quot;0 0 24 24&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M21.99 4c0-1.1-.89-2-1.99-2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14l4 4-.01-18zM18 14H6v-2h12v2zm0-3H6V9h12v2zm0-3H6V6h12v2z&quot;/&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;`;
                    commentLink.innerHTML = `&lt;span class=&quot;comment-count&quot;&gt;(Comments)&lt;/span&gt; ${commentSVG}`;
                    actionsContainer.appendChild(commentLink);
                }

                // Add the actions container to the main question element
                questionElement.appendChild(actionsContainer);
                // END: *** NEW LAYOUT LOGIC ***


                const explanationDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationDiv.className = &#39;explanation&#39;;
                explanationDiv.id = `explanation-${i}`;
                
                const translateBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                translateBtn.className = &#39;translate-btn&#39;;
                translateBtn.innerHTML = &#39;Translate in Urdu&#39;;
                translateBtn.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                    e.stopPropagation();
                    toggleExplanationTranslation(i);
                };
                explanationDiv.appendChild(translateBtn);
                
                const explanationText = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationText.innerHTML = parseHighlightedText(q.explanation.replace(/\n/g, &#39;&lt;br&gt;&#39;));
                explanationDiv.appendChild(explanationText);
                
                const explanationUrduDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationUrduDiv.className = &#39;explanation-urdu&#39;;
                explanationUrduDiv.innerHTML = parseHighlightedText(q.explanationUrdu.replace(/\n/g, &#39;&lt;br&gt;&#39;));
                explanationDiv.appendChild(explanationUrduDiv);
                
                if (q.explanationImage) {
                    const imgContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    imgContainer.style.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                    const imgLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    imgLink.href = q.explanationImageLink || &#39;#&#39;;
                    imgLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    const img = document.createElement(&#39;img&#39;);
                    img.src = q.explanationImage;
                    img.alt = q.explanationImageAlt || &#39;Explanation Image&#39;;
                    img.className = &#39;explanation-image&#39;;
                    imgLink.appendChild(img);
                    imgContainer.appendChild(imgLink);
                    if (q.explanationImageCaption) {
                        const caption = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        caption.className = &#39;question-image-caption&#39;;
                        caption.textContent = q.explanationImageCaption;
                        imgContainer.appendChild(caption);
                    }
                    explanationDiv.appendChild(imgContainer);
                }
                
                questionElement.appendChild(explanationDiv);

                quizContainer.appendChild(questionElement);

                // Har 3 sawalat ke baad ad daalne ka logic
                if ((i + 1) % 3 === 0 &amp;&amp; i &lt; endIndex - 1) {
                    const adContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    adContainer.className = &#39;ad-container&#39;;
                    adContainer.innerHTML = `&lt;p&gt;Advertisement Space&lt;/p&gt;`;
                    quizContainer.appendChild(adContainer);
                }


                if (q.ProTips) {
                    const tipsElement = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    tipsElement.className = &#39;tips-section&#39;;
                    tipsElement.innerHTML = q.ProTips;
                    quizContainer.appendChild(tipsElement);
                }

                if (q.imageAfter) {
                    const imageContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    imageContainer.className = &#39;question-image&#39;;
                    const imageLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    imageLink.href = q.imageAfter.link;
                    imageLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    const image = document.createElement(&#39;img&#39;);
                    image.src = q.imageAfter.url;
                    image.alt = q.imageAfter.alt || &#39;Question related image&#39;;
                    imageLink.appendChild(image);
                    imageContainer.appendChild(imageLink);
                    if (q.imageAfter.caption) {
                        const caption = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        caption.className = &#39;question-image-caption&#39;;
                        caption.textContent = q.imageAfter.caption;
                        imageContainer.appendChild(caption);
                    }
                    quizContainer.appendChild(imageContainer);
                }


                if (i &lt; endIndex - 1) {
                    const isAdNext = ((i + 1) % 3 === 0 &amp;&amp; i &lt; questions.length - 1);
                    if (!isAdNext) {
                        const divider = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        divider.className = &#39;divider&#39;;
                        quizContainer.appendChild(divider);
                    }
                }
            }

            if (answersShown) {
                showAllAnswers();
            } else {
                hideAllAnswers();
            }
            
            updatePagination();
            // YEH LINE ADD KI GAYI HAI: Sawalat load hone ke baad ads ko load karein
            applyAds();
        }

        function toggleExplanationTranslation(questionIndex) {
            const explanationDiv = document.getElementById(`explanation-${questionIndex}`);
            const englishExplanation = explanationDiv.querySelector(&#39;div:not(.explanation-urdu)&#39;);
            const urduExplanation = explanationDiv.querySelector(&#39;.explanation-urdu&#39;);
            
            if (englishExplanation.style.display !== &#39;none&#39;) {
                englishExplanation.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                urduExplanation.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
            } else {
                englishExplanation.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                urduExplanation.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
            }
        }

        function speakQuestion(question) {
            if (speechSynthesis.speaking) {
                speechSynthesis.cancel();
            }
            
            const questionUtterance = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(`Question: ${question.question.replace(&#39;?&#39;, &#39;.&#39;)}`);
            questionUtterance.lang = &#39;en-US&#39;;
            questionUtterance.rate = 0.7;
            questionUtterance.pitch = 0.8;
            
            let optionsText = &#39;Options: &#39;;
            question.options.forEach((option, index) =&gt; {
                optionsText += `${String.fromCharCode(65 + index)}... ${option}. `;
            });
            const optionsUtterance = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(optionsText);
            optionsUtterance.lang = &#39;en-US&#39;;
            optionsUtterance.rate = 0.7;
            optionsUtterance.pitch = 0.8;
            
            speechSynthesis.speak(questionUtterance);
            questionUtterance.onend = function() {
                speechSynthesis.speak(optionsUtterance);
            };
        }

        function updatePagination() {
            const pagination = document.getElementById(&#39;pagination&#39;);
            pagination.innerHTML = &#39;&#39;;
            
            const totalPages = Math.ceil(questions.length / config.questionsPerPage);
            
            if (totalPages &lt;= 1) return;
            
            const firstBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            firstBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            firstBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;laquo; First&#39;;
            firstBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=1&#39;;
            };
            if (currentPage === 1) firstBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(firstBtn);
            
            const prevBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            prevBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            prevBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;lsaquo;&#39;;
            prevBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + (currentPage - 1);
            };
            if (currentPage === 1) prevBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(prevBtn);
            
            if (currentPage &gt; 2) {
                const firstPageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                firstPageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                firstPageBtn.textContent = &#39;1&#39;;
                if (1 === currentPage) firstPageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                firstPageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=1&#39;;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(firstPageBtn);
                
                if (currentPage &gt; 3) {
                    const ellipsis1 = document.createElement(&#39;span&#39;);
                    ellipsis1.className = &#39;page-ellipsis&#39;;
                    ellipsis1.textContent = &#39;...&#39;;
                    pagination.appendChild(ellipsis1);
                }
            }
            
            const startPage = Math.max(2, currentPage - 1);
            const endPage = Math.min(totalPages - 1, currentPage + 1);
            
            for (let i = startPage; i &lt;= endPage; i++) {
                const pageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                pageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                pageBtn.textContent = i;
                if (i === currentPage) pageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                pageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + i;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(pageBtn);
            }
            
            if (currentPage &lt; totalPages - 1) {
                if (currentPage &lt; totalPages - 2) {
                    const ellipsis2 = document.createElement(&#39;span&#39;);
                    ellipsis2.className = &#39;page-ellipsis&#39;;
                    ellipsis2.textContent = &#39;...&#39;;
                    pagination.appendChild(ellipsis2);
                }
                
                const lastPageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                lastPageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                lastPageBtn.textContent = totalPages;
                if (totalPages === currentPage) lastPageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                lastPageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + totalPages;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(lastPageBtn);
            }
            
            const nextBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            nextBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            nextBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;rsaquo;&#39;;
            nextBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + (currentPage + 1);
            };
            if (currentPage === totalPages) nextBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(nextBtn);
            
            const lastBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            lastBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            lastBtn.innerHTML = &#39;Last &amp;raquo;&#39;;
            lastBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + totalPages;
            };
            if (currentPage === totalPages) lastBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(lastBtn);
            
            const searchDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
            searchDiv.className = &#39;page-search&#39;;
            searchDiv.innerHTML = `
                &lt;input type=&quot;number&quot; id=&quot;pageInput&quot; min=&quot;1&quot; max=&quot;${totalPages}&quot; placeholder=&quot;Enter Page Number&quot;&gt;
                &lt;button onclick=&quot;goToPageWithReload()&quot;&gt;Go&lt;/button&gt;
            `;
            pagination.appendChild(searchDiv);
        }
        
        function goToPageWithReload() {
            const pageInput = document.getElementById(&#39;pageInput&#39;);
            const pageNum = parseInt(pageInput.value);
            const totalPages = Math.ceil(questions.length / config.questionsPerPage);
            
            if (pageNum &gt;= 1 &amp;&amp; pageNum &lt;= totalPages) {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + pageNum;
            } else {
                alert(`Please enter a page number between 1 and ${totalPages}`);
            }
        }

        function selectOption(optionElement, selectedAnswer, questionIndex) {
            const question = questions[questionIndex];
            const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${questionIndex} .option`);
            options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;none&#39;;
            });
            selectedOptions[questionIndex] = selectedAnswer;
            const correctOptionIndex = question.correctAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
            options[correctOptionIndex].classList.add(&#39;correct&#39;);
            if (selectedAnswer !== question.correctAnswer) {
                const selectedIndex = selectedAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                options[selectedIndex].classList.add(&#39;incorrect&#39;);
            }
        }

        function toggleExplanation(questionIndex) {
            const explanationElement = document.getElementById(`explanation-${questionIndex}`);
            explanationElement.style.display = explanationElement.style.display === &#39;block&#39; ? &#39;none&#39; : &#39;block&#39;;
        }

        function toggleFAQ(faqQuestion) {
            faqQuestion.classList.toggle(&#39;active&#39;);
            const answer = faqQuestion.nextElementSibling;
            answer.style.display = answer.style.display === &#39;block&#39; ? &#39;none&#39; : &#39;block&#39;;
            
            const toggleIcon = faqQuestion.querySelector(&#39;.faq-toggle&#39;);
            toggleIcon.classList.toggle(&#39;rotated&#39;);
        }

        function toggleAllAnswers() {
            answersShown = !answersShown;
            const btn = document.getElementById(&#39;toggleAnswersBtn&#39;);
            if (answersShown) {
                btn.textContent = &#39;Hide All Answers&#39;;
                showAllAnswers();
            } else {
                btn.textContent = &#39;Show All Answers&#39;;
                hideAllAnswers();
            }
        }

        function showAllAnswers() {
            const startIndex = (currentPage - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const q = questions[i];
                const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${i} .option`);
                if (options.length &gt; 0) {
                    const correctOptionIndex = q.correctAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                    options[correctOptionIndex].classList.add(&#39;correct&#39;);
                    if (selectedOptions.hasOwnProperty(i) &amp;&amp; selectedOptions[i] !== q.correctAnswer) {
                        const selectedIndex = selectedOptions[i].charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                        options[selectedIndex].classList.add(&#39;incorrect&#39;);
                    }
                    options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                        opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;none&#39;;
                    });
                }
            }
        }

        function hideAllAnswers() {
            const startIndex = (currentPage - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${i} .option`);
                options.forEach(option =&gt; {
                    option.classList.remove(&#39;correct&#39;, &#39;incorrect&#39;);
                });
                options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                    opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;auto&#39;;
                });
            }
            selectedOptions = {};
        }

        function resetQuiz() {
            selectedOptions = {};
            answersShown = false;
            document.getElementById(&#39;toggleAnswersBtn&#39;).textContent = &#39;Show All Answers&#39;;
            loadQuestions(currentPage);
        }

        function changeHeaderImage(imageUrl) {
            document.getElementById(&#39;headerImage&#39;).src = imageUrl;
        }
        
        function toggleContentExpansion() {
            const contentPreview = document.getElementById(&#39;contentPreview&#39;);
            const readMoreBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;readMoreBtn&#39;);
            contentExpanded = !contentExpanded;
            
            if (contentExpanded) {
                contentPreview.classList.add(&#39;expanded&#39;);
                readMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;Read Less&#39;;
            } else {
                contentPreview.classList.remove(&#39;expanded&#39;);
                readMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;Read More&#39;;
            }
        }

        function toggleContentLanguage() {
            const englishContent = document.querySelector(&#39;.english-content&#39;);
            const urduContent = document.querySelector(&#39;.urdu-content&#39;);
            const translateBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;contentTranslateBtn&#39;);
            contentInUrdu = !contentInUrdu;
            
            if (contentInUrdu) {
                englishContent.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                urduContent.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                translateBtn.textContent = &#39;Translate to English&#39;;
            } else {
                englishContent.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                urduContent.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                translateBtn.textContent = &#39;Translate to Urdu&#39;;
            }
        }

        async function createShareImage(questionIndex) {
            return new Promise((resolve) =&gt; {
                const q = questions[questionIndex];
                const canvas = document.getElementById(&#39;shareCanvas&#39;);
                const ctx = canvas.getContext(&#39;2d&#39;);
                
                ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                
                if (q.backgroundImage) {
                    const img = new Image();
                    img.crossOrigin = &quot;Anonymous&quot;;
                    img.onload = function() {
                        ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                        ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)&#39;;
                        ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                        drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                        convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                    };
                    img.onerror = function() {
                        console.log(&quot;Background image failed to load, using gradient fallback&quot;);
                        drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas);
                        drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                        convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                    };
                    img.src = q.backgroundImage + (q.backgroundImage.includes(&#39;?&#39;) ? &#39;&amp;&#39; : &#39;?&#39;) + &#39;t=&#39; + Date.now();
                } else {
                    drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas);
                    drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                    convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                }
            });
        }

        function drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas) {
            const gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
            gradient.addColorStop(0, &#39;#1e3c72&#39;);
            gradient.addColorStop(1, &#39;#2a5298&#39;);
            ctx.fillStyle = gradient;
            ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05)&#39;;
            for (let i = 0; i &lt; 5; i++) {
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(Math.random() * canvas.width, Math.random() * canvas.height, Math.random() * 300 + 100, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.fill();
            }
        }

        function drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex) {
            const questionNumber = questionIndex + 1;
            const questionText = `${questionNumber}. ${q.question}`;
            const urduText = `${q.urdu.replace(&#39;؟&#39;, &#39;&#39;).replace(&#39;?&#39;, &#39;&#39;)}`;
            
            ctx.save();
            ctx.beginPath();
            ctx.roundRect(40, 40, canvas.width - 80, canvas.height - 80, 20);
            ctx.clip();
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)&#39;;
            ctx.fillRect(40, 40, canvas.width - 80, canvas.height - 80);
            ctx.strokeStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3)&#39;;
            ctx.lineWidth = 2;
            ctx.stroke();
            ctx.restore();
            
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            ctx.font = &#39;bold 36px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            const questionLines = wrapText(ctx, questionText, canvas.width - 160, 36);
            let yPos = 80 + 36;
            
            questionLines.forEach(line =&gt; {
                ctx.fillText(line, 80, yPos);
                yPos += 36 + 10;
            });
            
            ctx.font = &#39;32px &quot;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&quot;, serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;right&#39;;
            const urduLines = wrapText(ctx, urduText, canvas.width - 160, 32);
            urduLines.forEach(line =&gt; {
                ctx.fillText(line, canvas.width - 80, yPos);
                yPos += 32 + 10;
            });
            
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            yPos += 20;
            
            ctx.font = &#39;italic 24px &quot;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&quot;, serif&#39;;
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;right&#39;;
            ctx.fillText(&quot;چار آپشن میں سے کسی پر بھی کلک کرنے سے جواب سبز ہو جائے گا&quot;, canvas.width - 80, yPos);
            yPos += 24 + 30;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            
            ctx.font = &#39;28px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            
            q.options.forEach((option, index) =&gt; {
                const optionLetter = String.fromCharCode(65 + index);
                const isCorrect = optionLetter === q.correctAnswer;
                
                ctx.save();
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.roundRect(80, yPos - 10, canvas.width - 160, 28 + 20, 10);
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.2)&#39; : &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)&#39;;
                ctx.fill();
                ctx.strokeStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3)&#39;;
                ctx.lineWidth = 1;
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.restore();
                
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(80 + 25, yPos + 28 / 2, 28 * 0.8, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;#3498db&#39;;
                ctx.fill();
                
                ctx.fillStyle = &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
                ctx.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                ctx.fillText(optionLetter, 80 + 25, yPos + 28 / 2 + 28 * 0.3);
                
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
                ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
                ctx.fillText(`${optionLetter}) ${option}`, 80 + 60, yPos + 28 * 0.8);
                
                yPos += 28 + 30;
            });
            
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7)&#39;;
            ctx.font = &#39;italic 20px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
            ctx.fillText(&quot;Study For More PAKMCQs.ORG&quot;, canvas.width / 2, canvas.height - 40);
        }

        function convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve) {
            canvas.toBlob((blob) =&gt; {
                const imageUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
                resolve(imageUrl);
            }, &#39;image/png&#39;, 1.0);
        }

        function wrapText(context, text, maxWidth, fontSize) {
            const words = text.split(&#39; &#39;);
            const lines = [];
            let currentLine = words[0];
            for (let i = 1; i &lt; words.length; i++) {
                const word = words[i];
                const width = context.measureText(currentLine + &#39; &#39; + word).width;
                if (width &lt; maxWidth) {
                    currentLine += &#39; &#39; + word;
                } else {
                    lines.push(currentLine);
                    currentLine = word;
                }
            }
            lines.push(currentLine);
            return lines;
        }
        
        async function shareQuestionWithImage(questionIndex, platform) {
            try {
                const imageUrl = await createShareImage(questionIndex);
                const q = questions[questionIndex];
                const shareUrl = q.questionLink || window.location.href;
                const shareText = `${questionIndex + 1}. ${q.question}\n\n${q.urdu.replace(/#&amp;\d+/g, &#39;&#39;)}\n\nStudy more at: ${shareUrl}`;
                
                if (navigator.share) {
                    const response = await fetch(imageUrl);
                    const blob = await response.blob();
                    const file = new File([blob], &#39;question.png&#39;, { type: &#39;image/png&#39; });
                    
                    await navigator.share({
                        title: q.question,
                        text: shareText,
                        files: [file],
                        url: shareUrl
                    });
                } else {
                    if (platform === &#39;facebook&#39;) {
                        window.open(`https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=${encodeURIComponent(shareUrl)}`, &#39;_blank&#39;);
                    } else if (platform === &#39;twitter&#39;) {
                        const mockImageUrl = imageUrl;
                        window.open(`https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=${encodeURIComponent(shareText)}&amp;url=${encodeURIComponent(mockImageUrl)}`, &#39;_blank&#39;);
                    } else if (platform === &#39;whatsapp&#39;) {
                        const link = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                        link.href = `whatsapp://send?text=${encodeURIComponent(shareText)}`;
                        link.click();
                    }
                }
            } catch (err) {
                console.error(&#39;Error sharing:&#39;, err);
                alert(&#39;Sharing failed. Please try again or copy the link manually.&#39;);
            }
        }

        /* ========================================================= */
        /* ============ DYNAMIC PDF GENERATION LOGIC =============== */
        /* ========================================================= */
        
        async function generateDynamicPDF() {
            // Check if jsPDF is loaded
            if (!window.jspdf) {
                alert(&quot;PDF library is loading. Please wait a moment and try again.&quot;);
                return;
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&lt;/html&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/51255189599790045/posts/default/3118500057917043852'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/51255189599790045/posts/default/3118500057917043852'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://www.pakmcqs.org/2026/08/7th-Class-General-Science-Unit-7-Solutions-MCQs-PakMCQs.html' title='7th Class General Science Unit 7 Solutions MCQs (محلول) | PAKMCQs'/><author><name>Mehtab Ahmad</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05636204994802332371</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWmHjyoFmZg2yjEOwo-8b4x42LlcJIOnYXGf29ng2vuBoRVsj83tbTZbsluVcB0_PDzX496qUgVF5NODsBmrbol9f4x7jXVRUm3EfzB4EiPEDCyYf3A0eEEUa8cTGqcmJc3pyR95WINbtmCjFk3a92tEOUNXmBbz4znejmwxCxSyYmL8FraU4RQZq2fQ/s72-c/7th%20Class%20General%20Science%20Unit%207%20image.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51255189599790045.post-1277521587712742150</id><published>2026-08-27T09:55:00.000+05:00</published><updated>2026-08-28T06:38:39.814+05:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="7th Class General Science"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="7th Class General Science Unit 6"/><title type='text'>7th Class General Science Unit 6 Chemical Bonds MCQs (کیمیائی بانڈز) | PAKMCQs</title><content type='html'>&lt;html lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
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        .tips-section li {
            margin-bottom: 10px;
            line-height: 1.6;
            padding-left: 25px;
            position: relative;
        }
        .tips-section li::before {
            content: &#39;💡&#39;;
            position: absolute;
            left: 0;
            top: 0;
        }
        .tips-section p {
            margin-top: 15px;
            margin-bottom: 0;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }

        .take-test-btn {
            display: inline-block;
            margin-top: 15px;
            text-decoration: none;
            font-weight: bold;
            text-align: center;
        }

        body {
            font-family: &#39;Roboto&#39;, sans-serif;
            line-height: 1.6;
            /* Using Theme Variable for Main Background */
            background-color: var(--bg-main); 
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
            max-width: 2100px;
            margin: 0 auto;
            padding: 0px;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease, color 0.3s ease;
        }
        
        .header-image {
            width: 100%;
            max-height: 350px;
            object-fit: cover;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }
        
        /* --- DOWNLOAD SECTION --- */
        .info-banner {
            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1e5799 0%,#2989d8 50%,#207cca 51%,#7db9e8 100%);
            color: white !important; /* Force white text */
            padding: 20px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-bottom: 20px;
            box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
        }
        .info-banner h1 {
            margin-top: 0;
            color: white !important;
            font-size: 1.8rem;
            text-align: center;
            border-bottom: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
            padding-bottom: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 15px;
        }
        .info-banner p {
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            color: white !important;
        }
        .info-banner .urdu-text {
            color: white !important;
            font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif;
            direction: rtl;
            text-align: right;
            font-size: 0.8rem;
            line-height: 1.8;
        }
        
        /* --- UPDATED PDF DOWNLOAD BUTTON STYLES --- */
        .pdf-download-btn {
            position: relative; /* For absolute positioning of progress bar */
            display: inline-flex;
            justify-content: center;
            align-items: center;
            background-color: #e74c3c;
            color: white !important;
            padding: 10px 20px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            text-decoration: none;
            font-weight: bold;
            margin-top: 10px;
            transition: var(--transition);
            text-align: center;
            cursor: pointer;
            border: none;
            overflow: hidden; /* Ensure progress bar stays inside */
            width: 100%; /* Or fixed width if preferred */
            max-width: 300px;
            height: 45px;
        }
        .pdf-download-btn:hover {
            background-color: #c0392b;
            transform: translateY(-2px);
        }
        .pdf-download-btn:disabled {
            background-color: #7f8c8d;
            cursor: not-allowed;
            transform: none;
        }

        /* The text inside the button */
        .btn-text {
            position: relative;
            z-index: 2; /* Sit on top of progress bar */
        }

        /* The Progress Bar inside the button */
        .progress-bar-fill {
            position: absolute;
            left: 0;
            top: 0;
            bottom: 0;
            width: 0%;
            background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); /* Darker shade overlay */
            transition: width 0.3s ease;
            z-index: 1;
        }
        
        /* --- END DOWNLOAD SECTION --- */

        
        /* Cards adapted for Theme Dark Mode - Updated with Blue Stroke &amp; Glow */
        .question-card {
            background-color: var(--bg-content); /* Theme BG */
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            padding: 20px;
            margin-bottom: 25px;
            
            /* === UPDATE: Blue Stroke and Glow Effect === */
            border: 2px solid #3498db; 
            box-shadow: 0 0 15px rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.6); 
            /* =========================================== */
            
            transition: all 0.3s ease;
            position: relative;
        }

        /* ====== NEW STYLES FOR IMPORTANT QUESTION ====== */
        .question-card.important-question {
            /* Distinct Dark Background for Important Questions */
            background-color: #1a252f !important; 
            border: 2px solid #f1c40f !important; /* Gold border for importance */
            box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(241, 196, 15, 0.3);
        }

        /* Badge Style - Updated with Flexbox for Star Icon */
        .important-badge {
            position: absolute;
            top: -12px;
            right: 15px;
            background: linear-gradient(45deg, #e74c3c, #c0392b);
            color: white;
            padding: 4px 12px;
            border-radius: 12px;
            font-size: 0.75rem;
            font-weight: bold;
            box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
            text-transform: uppercase;
            letter-spacing: 1px;
            z-index: 10;
            
            /* Align Icon and Text */
            display: inline-flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 6px;
        }

        /* Light Theme Override for Important Question */
        body.light-theme .question-card.important-question {
            background-color: #ffffff !important; /* White background in light mode */
            border-color: #e74c3c !important;
            box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
        }
        /* =============================================== */
        
        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ TOC &amp; TOPIC HEADING STYLES START ========== */
        /* ======================================================== */

        .toc-container { background-color: var(--bg-content); border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 20px; margin: 20px 0; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); border: 1px solid var(--primary-color); transition: all 0.3s ease; }
        .toc-container h2 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-top: 0; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border-color, rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.3)); font-size: 1.5rem; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; }
        .toc-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 15px 0 0 0; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr)); gap: 12px; }
        .toc-item { background: var(--bg-main); padding: 12px 15px; border-radius: 6px; border-left: 4px solid var(--primary-color); cursor: pointer; font-weight: 500; color: var(--color-text-primary); transition: all 0.2s ease; display: flex; align-items: center; }
        .toc-item:hover { background: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.15); transform: translateX(5px); border-left-color: var(--secondary-color); }
        .toc-item::before { content: &#39;📌&#39;; margin-right: 10px; font-size: 1.1rem; }

        .in-quiz-topic-heading { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #2c3e50, #3498db); color: white !important; padding: 15px 20px; border-radius: var(--border-radius); font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 40px 0 20px 0; box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); text-align: center; position: relative; border: 2px solid #fff; }
        body.light-theme .in-quiz-topic-heading { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #3498db, #2980b9); }

        .question-card.highlight-scroll {
            box-shadow: 0 0 25px #2ecc71 !important;
            border-color: #2ecc71 !important;
            transform: scale(1.01);
            transition: all 0.5s ease;
        }

        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ TOC &amp; TOPIC HEADING STYLES END ============ */
        /* ======================================================== */


        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ FIXED COLOR SETTINGS START ================ */
        /* ======================================================== */

        /* 1. DEFAULT (DARK MODE) SETTINGS */
        /* Since your theme defaults to dark mode, we set Yellow/White here */
        
        .question-text {
            font-size: 1.1rem;
            font-weight: bold;
            color: #FFFF00 !important; /* Yellow for Dark Mode */
            margin-bottom: 10px;
            cursor: pointer;
            display: block;
        }
        
        .urdu-text {
            font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif;
            direction: rtl;
            text-align: right;
            display: block;
            font-size: 1.1rem;
            color: #ffffff !important; /* White for Dark Mode */
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            cursor: pointer;
            line-height: 1.8;
        }

        /* 2. LIGHT MODE OVERRIDES */
        /* These trigger when the body has &#39;light-theme&#39; class */
        
        body.light-theme .question-text {
            color: #006400 !important; /* Dark Green for Light Mode */
        }
        
        body.light-theme .urdu-text {
            color: #000000 !important; /* Black for Light Mode */
        }

        /* Global Selection Notice Box Fixes */
        
        /* Default Dark Mode Box */
        .global-selection-notice {
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.2);
            border: 1px solid #FFFF00;
            padding: 12px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            text-align: center;
            color: #ffffff !important; /* White text default */
        }
        .global-selection-notice .urdu-text {
             color: #ffffff !important;
        }

        /* Light Mode Box Override */
        body.light-theme .global-selection-notice {
            background-color: #fff3cd;
            border: 1px solid #ffeeba;
            color: #856404 !important;
        }
        body.light-theme .global-selection-notice .urdu-text {
             color: #856404 !important;
        }

        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ FIXED COLOR SETTINGS END ================== */
        /* ======================================================== */

        .options {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            gap: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 15px;
        }
        
        .option {
            padding: 12px 15px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1)); 
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            cursor: pointer;
            transition: var(--transition);
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            position: relative;
            background-color: var(--bg-main); /* Slightly distinct from card bg */
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .option:hover {
            border-color: var(--primary-color);
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1);
        }
        
        .option-letter {
            display: inline-block;
            width: 24px;
            height: 24px;
            line-height: 24px;
            text-align: center;
            background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
            border-radius: 50%;
            margin-right: 12px;
            font-weight: 500;
            flex-shrink: 0;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .option-text {
            flex-grow: 1;
        }
        
        /* === UPDATE #1: Highlighted Answer Bold === */
        .correct {
            background-color: rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.2) !important;
            border-color: #28a745 !important;
            color: var(--color-text-primary) !important;
            font-weight: bold !important; /* Added Bold Property */
        }
        .correct .option-letter {
            background-color: #28a745;
            color: white;
        }
        
        .incorrect {
            background-color: rgba(220, 53, 69, 0.2) !important;
            border-color: #dc3545 !important;
            color: var(--color-text-primary) !important;
        }
        .incorrect .option-letter {
            background-color: #dc3545;
            color: white;
        }
        
        .explanation-btn {
            background-color: transparent;
            border: none;
            color: var(--primary-color);
            cursor: pointer;
            font-size: 0.9rem;
            padding: 5px 0;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 5px;
        }
        
        .explanation-btn:hover {
            text-decoration: underline;
        }
        
        .explanation {
            display: none;
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1); /* Transparent for dark mode */
            padding: 12px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-top: 10px;
            border-left: 3px solid var(--primary-color);
            font-size: 0.95rem;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .explanation-image {
            max-width: 100%;
            height: auto;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin: 10px 0;
            display: block;
        }
        .explanation-image-container {
            text-align: center;
            margin: 15px 0;
        }
        
        /* Explanation text highlighting styles */
        .explanation .highlight-red { color: #e74c3c; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-blue { color: #3498db; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-green { color: #2ecc71; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-yellow { 
            color: #f39c12; 
            font-weight: bold; 
            background-color: rgba(243, 156, 18, 0.1);
            padding: 0 2px;
            border-radius: 3px;
        }
        .explanation .highlight-purple { color: #9b59b6; font-weight: bold; }
        
        .controls {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: space-between;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
            gap: 10px;
        }
        
        .btn {
            padding: 10px 20px;
            border: none;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            font-weight: 500;
            cursor: pointer;
            transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .btn-primary { background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; }
        .btn-primary:hover { background-color: #2980b9; }
        .btn-secondary { background-color: #6c757d; color: white; }
        .btn-secondary:hover { background-color: #5a6268; }
        
        .divider {
            height: 1px;
            background-color: var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            margin: 25px 0;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
        }
        
        .p-mcqs-quiz-ad {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    margin: 30px auto;
    padding: 0;
    text-align: center;
    clear: both;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.p-mcqs-quiz-ad ins.adsbygoogle {
    display: block !important;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
    .p-mcqs-quiz-ad {
        margin: 25px auto;
    }
}

        /* RELATED TOPICS SECTION */
        .related-topics {
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            padding: 15px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin: 20px 0;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .related-topics h3 {
            margin-top: 0;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            padding-bottom: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;
        }
        .related-topics ul { padding-left: 20px; }
        .related-topics li { margin-bottom: 8px; color: var(--color-text-primary); }
        .related-topics a { color: var(--primary-color); text-decoration: none; }
        .related-topics a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

        .hidden { display: none; }
        .disabled { opacity: 0.5; pointer-events: none; }
        
        /* Social Share Buttons */
        .share-buttons { display: flex; gap: 8px; margin-top: 15px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
        .share-btn {
            display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
            padding: 6px 10px; border-radius: 4px; color: white;
            font-size: 10px; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s ease;
            text-decoration: none; border: none;
        }
        .share-btn .share-icon {
            width: 10px; height: 10px; margin-right: 5px;
            background-size: contain; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center;
        }
        .share-btn:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); }
        .facebook-btn { background-color: #3b5998; }
        .twitter-btn { background-color: #1da1f2; }
        .whatsapp-btn { background-color: #25d366; }
        .copy-link-btn { background-color: #6c757d; }
        .copy-link-btn.copied { background-color: #28a745; }
        
        .social-share-section {
            margin: 15px 0; padding: 10px;
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); text-align: center;
        }
        .social-share-title { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--color-text-secondary); margin-bottom: 8px; }
        
        /* Pagination Styles */
        .pagination { display: flex; justify-content: center; margin: 30px 0; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 5px; }
        .page-btn {
            padding: 8px 15px; margin: 0 2px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); background-color: var(--bg-content);
            color: var(--color-text-primary); cursor: pointer; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .page-btn:hover:not(.active) { background-color: var(--bg-main); }
        .active { background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; border-color: var(--primary-color); }
        .page-nav {
            padding: 8px 15px; margin: 0 2px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); background-color: var(--bg-content);
            color: var(--color-text-primary); cursor: pointer; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .page-nav:hover { background-color: var(--bg-main); }
        .disabled-nav { opacity: 0.5; cursor: not-allowed; pointer-events: none; }
        
        .page-search { margin-top: 15px; display: flex; justify-content: center; width: 100%; }
        .page-search input {
            padding: 8px 15px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); width: 150px; text-align: center;
            margin-right: 5px; background-color: var(--bg-content); color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        .page-search button {
            padding: 8px 15px; border: none; border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; cursor: pointer;
        }
        .page-ellipsis { display: inline-block; padding: 8px 12px; color: var(--color-text-secondary); }
        
        /* FAQ Section Styles */
        .faq-section {
            margin: 30px 0; background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 20px; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .faq-section h2 { color: var(--color-text-primary); border-bottom: 2px solid var(--primary-color); padding-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0; }
        .faq-item {
            margin-bottom: 15px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); overflow: hidden; transition: border-color 0.3s ease;
        }
        .faq-question {
            background-color: var(--bg-main); padding: 12px 15px; cursor: pointer;
            font-weight: 500; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        .faq-question:hover { background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1); }
        .faq-answer {
            padding: 15px; background-color: var(--bg-content); display: none;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; color: var(--color-text-secondary);
        }
        .faq-answer.show { display: block; }
        .faq-toggle { font-size: 1.2rem; transition: var(--transition); }
        .faq-toggle.rotated { transform: rotate(45deg); }

        /* Image Between Questions */
        .question-image { margin: 20px 0; text-align: center; }
        .question-image a { display: inline-block; }
        .question-image img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: var(--border-radius); box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); transition: transform 0.3s ease; }
        .question-image img:hover { transform: scale(1.02); }
        .question-image-caption { margin-top: 8px; font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--color-text-secondary); text-align: center; }

        .share-image-canvas { position: fixed; top: -9999px; left: -9999px; visibility: hidden; }

        .tts-btn {
            background-color: #6c757d; color: white; border: none;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 8px 12px; margin: 10px 0;
            cursor: pointer; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px;
            font-size: 0.9rem; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .tts-btn:hover { background-color: #5a6268; }
        .tts-btn i { font-size: 1rem; }

        .translate-btn {
            background-color: #3498db; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 4px;
            padding: 5px 10px; margin: 5px 0; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.8rem; transition: all 0.2s ease;
        }
        .translate-btn:hover { background-color: #2980b9; }
        .translate-btn i { display: none; }
        
        .explanation-urdu {
            display: none; font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif; direction: rtl;
            text-align: right; margin-top: 10px; line-height: 2.2; font-size: 1.0rem; 
        }

        /* Expandable Content Section */
        .expandable-content {
            background-color: var(--bg-content); border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            padding: 20px; margin: 20px 0; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
            transition: all 0.3s ease; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .expandable-content h2 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-top: 0; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--primary-color); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
        .content-translate-btn { background-color: var(--secondary-color); color: white; border: none; border-radius: 4px; padding: 5px 10px; font-size: 0.8rem; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s ease; }
        .content-translate-btn:hover { background-color: #27ae60; }
        
        .content-preview { position: relative; overflow: hidden; max-height: 120px; transition: max-height 0.5s ease; }
        .content-preview.expanded { max-height: none; }
        .content-preview::after {
            content: &#39;&#39;; position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 40px;
            background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255,255,255,0), var(--bg-content)); transition: opacity 0.3s ease; opacity: 1;
        }
        .content-preview.expanded::after { opacity: 0; }
        
        .read-more-btn { display: inline-block; margin-top: 10px; color: var(--primary-color); cursor: pointer; font-weight: 500; transition: all 0.2s ease; }
        .read-more-btn:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
        
        .content-body { margin-bottom: 15px; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--color-text-primary); }
        .content-body p { margin-bottom: 15px; }
        .content-body img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: var(--border-radius); margin: 15px 0; display: block; }
        .content-body .image-link { display: inline-block; position: relative; }
        .content-body .image-link:hover::after {
            content: &#39;Click to view&#39;; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;
            background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; border-radius: var(--border-radius);
        }
        .content-body h3 { color: #e74c3c; margin: 20px 0 10px 0; }
        .content-body h4 { color: #3498db; margin: 15px 0 8px 0; }
        .content-body .highlight-word { color: #9b59b6; font-weight: bold; }
        .content-body .highlight-link { color: #e67e22; text-decoration: underline; font-weight: 500; }
        .content-body .highlight-link:hover { color: #d35400; }
        .content-body .urdu-content { display: none; font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif; direction: rtl; text-align: right; line-height: 2; }

        .hidden-faq { display: none; }
        .see-more-faq { text-align: center; margin-top: 20px; }
        .see-more-faq .btn { padding: 8px 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; }

        .question-actions { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-top: 15px; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; }

        .modern-comment-link {
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            &lt;h1&gt;7th Class General Science Unit 6 | Chemical Bonds MCQs | PakMCQs&lt;/h1&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Practice 7th Class General Science Unit 6 Chemical Bonds MCQs covering valency, formation of ions, chemical formulae and the attraction between atoms that forms chemical bonds. Questions include examples such as H2O, NaCl, NH3 and CO2.Prepare with PAKMCQs for ETEA, NTS, KPPSC, PPSC and FPSC exams..
&lt;/p&gt;
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    &lt;h2&gt;Chemical Bonds | کیمیکل بانڈز (کیمیائی بندھن)
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                &lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #e74c3c;&quot;&gt;7th Class General Science Unit 6: Chemical Bonds&lt;/h3&gt;
                
                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;Unit ka Khulasa&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Jab mukhtalif elements ke atoms aapas mein combine hote hain to compounds bante hain. Atoms ko aik doosre ke sath jorne wali force ko chemical bond kehte hain.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Atoms chemical bond banane ke liye apne electrons lose, gain ya share karte hain. Atom ki kisi compound mein combine hone ki capacity ko valency kehte hain.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Is Unit mein hum valency, ions, cations, anions, chemical formula aur chemical bonds ke bare mein parhenge.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;1. Valency Kya Hai?&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Atom ki kisi doosre atom ke sath chemical bond banane ki combining capacity ko &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;valency&lt;/span&gt; kehte hain. Atom compound banate waqt electrons ko lose kar sakta hai, gain kar sakta hai, ya share kar sakta hai. Isee bunyaad par us ki valency hoti hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Examples:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                • Group I &amp;rarr; 1 electron lose &amp;rarr; Valency 1&lt;br&gt;
                • Group II &amp;rarr; 2 electrons lose &amp;rarr; Valency 2&lt;br&gt;
                • Group III &amp;rarr; 3 electrons lose &amp;rarr; Valency 3&lt;br&gt;
                • Group IV &amp;rarr; 4 electrons share &amp;rarr; Valency 4&lt;br&gt;
                • Group V &amp;rarr; 3 electrons gain/share &amp;rarr; Valency 3&lt;br&gt;
                • Group VI &amp;rarr; 2 electrons gain/share &amp;rarr; Valency 2&lt;br&gt;
                • Group VII &amp;rarr; 1 electron gain/share &amp;rarr; Valency 1&lt;br&gt;
                • Group 0 &amp;rarr; Valency 0&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;Group Valency Table&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Group&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Valence Electrons&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Valency&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;I&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;II&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;III&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;IV&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;V&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;VI&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;VII&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;0&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Easy Trick:&lt;/b&gt; 1 &amp;rarr; 1, 2 &amp;rarr; 2, 3 &amp;rarr; 3, 4 &amp;rarr; 4, 5 &amp;rarr; 3, 6 &amp;rarr; 2, 7 &amp;rarr; 1, 8 &amp;rarr; 0. Yani 5, 6 aur 7 valence electrons wale atoms aam tor par apni outer shell complete karne ke liye respectively 3, 2 aur 1 electrons gain ya share karte hain.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;2. Valence Electrons &amp; 3. Group 0 Valency&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Valence Electrons:&lt;/span&gt; Atom ki outermost shell mein mojood electrons ko valence electrons kehte hain. (e.g. agar electronic configuration 2, 8, 1 hai to outermost shell mein 1 electron hai, so valence electrons = 1 aur valency 1 hogi).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Group 0 ki Valency:&lt;/b&gt; Group 0 ya Group 18 ke elements ki outermost shell generally complete hoti hai. Is wajah se ye elements bohat kam reactive hote hain aur unki valency &lt;b&gt;Zero (0)&lt;/b&gt; hoti hai. (e.g., Neon की valency 0 hai).&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;4. Ions, 5. Cation aur 6. Anion&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Normal atom neutral hota hai. Jab atom ek ya zyada electrons lose ya gain karta hai to us par charge aa jata hai. Aisay charged particle ko &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #8e44ad; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ion&lt;/span&gt; kehte hain. Ion do types ke hote hain:&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;ul&gt;
                    &lt;li&gt;• &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #27ae60;&quot;&gt;Cation (Positive Ion):&lt;/span&gt; Jab koi atom electron lose karta hai to positive ion banta hai. &lt;br&gt;&lt;i&gt;Example (Sodium):&lt;/i&gt; Protons = 11, Electrons = 11 (Charge = 0). Aik electron lose karne par: Na &amp;rarr; Na⁺ + e⁻. Ab protons = 11, electrons = 10, so Net charge = +1. (&lt;b&gt;Lose = Positive&lt;/b&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;
                    &lt;li&gt;• &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #c0392b;&quot;&gt;Anion (Negative Ion):&lt;/span&gt; Jab koi atom electron gain karta hai to negative ion banta hai. &lt;br&gt;&lt;i&gt;Example (Chlorine):&lt;/i&gt; Protons = 17, Electrons = 17 (Charge = 0). Aik electron gain karne par: Cl + e⁻ &amp;rarr; Cl⁻. Ab protons = 17, electrons = 18, so Net charge = −1. (&lt;b&gt;Gain = Negative&lt;/b&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;/ul&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;Difference Between Cation and Anion&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Cation&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Anion&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Positive ion hota hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Negative ion hota hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Electron lose karta hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Electron gain karta hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Example: Na⁺&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Example: Cl⁻&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Protons electrons se zyada hote hain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Electrons protons se zyada hote hain&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Golden Rule:&lt;/b&gt; Electron lose &amp;rarr; Cation (+) | Electron gain &amp;rarr; Anion (−)&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;8. Different Elements ke Ions&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;Hydrogen:&lt;/b&gt; Atomic number = 1. Aik electron lose kar ke &lt;b&gt;H⁺&lt;/b&gt; bana sakta hai.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Lithium:&lt;/b&gt; Atomic number = 3 (Electronic configuration: 2, 1). 1 electron lose karta hai: &lt;b&gt;Li⁺&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Oxygen:&lt;/b&gt; Atomic number = 8 (Electronic configuration: 2, 6). Outer shell complete karne ke liye 2 electrons gain karta hai: &lt;b&gt;O²⁻&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;i&gt;Note:&lt;/i&gt; Agar atom 3 electrons gain kare to us ka charge &lt;b&gt;−3&lt;/b&gt; hoga.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;9. Chemical Formula &amp; 10. Likhne ka Tariqa&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Kisi compound mein mojood elements ke types aur un ki tadaad ko symbols ki madad se show karne ko &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;chemical formula&lt;/span&gt; kehte hain. (e.g., Sodium chloride &amp;rarr; NaCl, Water &amp;rarr; H₂O, Ammonia &amp;rarr; NH₃, Carbon dioxide &amp;rarr; CO₂).&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Basic Steps to Write Formula:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;Step 1:&lt;/b&gt; Elements ke symbols likhein.&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;Step 2:&lt;/b&gt; Har element ki valency likhein.&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;Step 3:&lt;/b&gt; Valencies ko cross karke doosre element ke neeche likhein.&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;Step 4:&lt;/b&gt; Agar numbers ko simplify kiya ja sakta ho to simplify karein.&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;Step 5:&lt;/b&gt; Final chemical formula likhein.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;Examples of Chemical Formula Formation&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;11. NaCl:&lt;/b&gt; Sodium valency = 1, Chlorine valency = 1. So, Na¹ + Cl¹ &amp;rarr; NaCl. (1 Sodium atom, 1 Chlorine atom).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;12. H₂O:&lt;/b&gt; Hydrogen valency = 1, Oxygen valency = 2. Cross karne par: H¹ &amp;rarr; O² &amp;rarr; H₂O. (2 Hydrogen, 1 Oxygen).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;13. NH₃:&lt;/b&gt; Nitrogen valency = 3, Hydrogen valency = 1. Cross karne par: N³ &amp;rarr; H¹ &amp;rarr; NH₃. (1 Nitrogen, 3 Hydrogen).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;14. CO₂:&lt;/b&gt; Carbon valency = 4, Oxygen valency = 2. Cross karne par: C₂O₄. Simplest ratio mein divide karne par: C₂O₄ ÷ 2 = CO₂. (1 Carbon, 2 Oxygen).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;15. H₂SO₄:&lt;/b&gt; H = 2, S = 1, O = 4. Total atoms = 2 + 1 + 4 = 7 atoms in one molecule.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;16. Chemical Bond &amp; 17. Electrons ka Role&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Do ya zyada atoms ko aik doosre ke sath jorne wali mutual force of attraction ko &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;chemical bond&lt;/span&gt; kehte hain. Mukhtalif atoms ke positive nucleus aur negative electrons ke darmiyan electrostatic attraction atoms ko aapas mein jorhe rakhti hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Chemical bond banane mein atom ki outermost shell ke valence electrons important role ada karte hain. Atoms apni outer shell ko zyada stable banane ke liye electrons lose, gain ya share karte hain.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;div style=&quot;border-left: 5px solid #2e7d32; padding-left: 15px; margin: 15px 0;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;h5 style=&quot;margin-top: 0; color: #2e7d32;&quot;&gt;Quick Revision&lt;/h5&gt;
                    &lt;p&gt;• Valency atom ki combining capacity hai jo electrons ke gain, loss ya sharing se related hoti hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Outermost shell ke electrons ko valence electrons kehte hain.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Atom electron lose kare to Cation (+) banta hai; gain kare to Anion (−) banta hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Chemical formula compound mein elements aur un ke atoms ki tadaad ko show karta hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Chemical bond atoms ko aik doosre ke sath hold karne wali attractive force hai, jisme valence electrons important hote hain.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;/div&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;Important MCQs Facts&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• Valency = Combining capacity of an atom | • Valence electrons = Outermost shell ke electrons&lt;br&gt;
                • Electron loss = Cation | • Electron gain = Anion&lt;br&gt;
                • Cation = Positive ion | • Anion = Negative ion&lt;br&gt;
                • Sodium ion = Na⁺ | • Chloride ion = Cl⁻&lt;br&gt;
                • Hydrogen ion = H⁺ | • Lithium ion = Li⁺ | • Oxygen ion = O²⁻&lt;br&gt;
                • NaCl = Sodium chloride | • H₂O = Water | • NH₃ = Ammonia | • CO₂ = Carbon dioxide&lt;br&gt;
                • H₂SO₄ mein total atoms = 7&lt;br&gt;
                • Group I valency = 1 | • Group II valency = 2 | • Group III valency = 3 | • Group IV valency = 4&lt;br&gt;
                • Group V valency = 3 | • Group VI valency = 2 | • Group VII valency = 1 | • Group 0 valency = 0&lt;/p&gt;
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                &lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #e74c3c;&quot;&gt;ساتویں کلاس جنرل سائنس – یونٹ 6&lt;/h3&gt;
                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;یونٹ 6: کیمیکل بانڈز (کیمیائی بندھن)&lt;/h4&gt;
                
                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;یونٹ کا خلاصہ&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;جب مختلف ایلیمنٹس کے ایٹمز آپس میں کمبائن (متحد) ہوتے ہیں تو کمپاؤنڈز (مرکبات) بنتے ہیں۔ ایٹمز کو ایک دوسرے کے ساتھ جوڑنے والی فورس (قوت) کو کیمیکل بانڈ کہتے ہیں۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;ایٹمز کیمیکل بانڈ بنانے کے لیے اپنے الیکٹرانز لوز (خارج)، گین (حاصل) یا شیئر (اشتراک) کرتے ہیں۔ ایٹم کی کسی کمپاؤنڈ میں کمبائن ہونے کی کیپیسٹی (صلاحیت) کو ویلسی (Valency) کہتے ہیں۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;اس یونٹ میں ہم ویلسی، آئنز، کیٹ آئنز، این آئنز، کیمیکل فارمولا اور کیمیکل بانڈز کے بارے میں پڑھیں گے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;1۔ ویلسی کیا ہے؟&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;ایٹم کی کسی دوسرے ایٹم کے ساتھ کیمیکل بانڈ بنانے کی کمبائننگ کیپیسٹی (اتحاد کی صلاحیت) کو &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ویلسی (Valency)&lt;/span&gt; کہتے ہیں۔ ایٹم کمپاؤنڈ بناتے وقت الیکٹرانز کو لوز، گین یا شیئر کر سکتا ہے اور اسی بنیاد پر اس کی ویلسی ہوتی ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;مثالیں:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                • گروپ اول (I) &amp;rarr; 1 الیکٹران خارج &amp;rarr; ویلسی 1&lt;br&gt;
                • گروپ دوم (II) &amp;rarr; 2 الیکٹران خارج &amp;rarr; ویلسی 2&lt;br&gt;
                • گروپ سوم (III) &amp;rarr; 3 الیکٹران خارج &amp;rarr; ویلسی 3&lt;br&gt;
                • گروپ چہارم (IV) &amp;rarr; 4 الیکٹران اشتراک &amp;rarr; ویلسی 4&lt;br&gt;
                • گروپ پنجم (V) &amp;rarr; 3 الیکٹران حاصل/اشتراک &amp;rarr; ویلسی 3&lt;br&gt;
                • گروپ ششم (VI) &amp;rarr; 2 الیکٹران حاصل/اشتراک &amp;rarr; ویلسی 2&lt;br&gt;
                • گروپ ہفتم (VII) &amp;rarr; 1 الیکٹران حاصل/اشتراک &amp;rarr; ویلسی 1&lt;br&gt;
                • گروپ صفر (0) &amp;rarr; ویلسی 0&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;گروپ اور ویلسی کا جدول&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;گروپ (Group)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ویلنس الیکٹرانز (Valence Electrons)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ویلسی (Valency)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;اول (I)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;دوم (II)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;سوم (III)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;چہارم (IV)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;پنجم (V)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ششم (VI)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ہفتم (VII)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;صفر (0)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;آسان ٹرک (ایزی ٹرک):&lt;/b&gt; 1 &amp;larr; 1، 2 &amp;larr; 2، 3 &amp;larr; 3، 4 &amp;larr; 4، 5 &amp;larr; 3، 6 &amp;larr; 2، 7 &amp;larr; 1، 8 &amp;larr; 0. یعنی 5، 6 اور 7 ویلنس الیکٹرانز والے ایٹمز اپنی بیرونی شیل مکمل کرنے کے لیے بالترتیب 3، 2 اور 1 الیکٹرانز حاصل یا اشتراک کرتے ہیں۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;2۔ ویلنس الیکٹرانز اور 3۔ گروپ 0 کی ویلسی&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ویلنس الیکٹرانز:&lt;/span&gt; ایٹم کی سب سے بیرونی شیل (Outermost shell) میں موجود الیکٹرانز کو ویلنس الیکٹرانز کہتے ہیں۔ (مثال: اگر الیکٹرانی ترتیب 2، 8، 1 ہے تو بیرونی شیل میں 1 الیکٹران ہے، سو ویلنس الیکٹرانز = 1 اور ویلسی 1 ہوگی)۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;گروپ 0 کی ویلسی:&lt;/b&gt; گروپ 0 یا گروپ 18 کے ایلیمنٹس کی بیرونی شیل مکمل ہوتی ہے۔ اس لیے یہ ری ایکٹو نہیں ہوتے اور ان کی ویلسی &lt;b&gt;زیرو (0)&lt;/b&gt; ہوتی ہے۔ (مثال: نیون کی ویلسی 0 ہے)۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;4۔ آئنز، 5۔ کیٹ آئن اور 6۔ این آئن&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;عام ایٹم نیوٹرل ہوتا ہے۔ جب ایٹم الیکٹران خارج (لوز) یا حاصل (گین) کرتا ہے تو اس پر چارج آ جاتا ہے۔ ایسے چارجڈ ذرے کو &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #8e44ad; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;آئن (Ion)&lt;/span&gt; کہتے ہیں۔ آئن کی دو اقسام ہوتی ہیں:&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;ul&gt;
                    &lt;li&gt;• &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #27ae60;&quot;&gt;کیٹ آئن (Cation - مثبت آئن):&lt;/span&gt; جب ایٹم الیکٹران خارج کرتا ہے تو مثبت آئن بنتا ہے۔ &lt;br&gt;&lt;i&gt;مثال (سوڈیم):&lt;/i&gt; پروٹانز = 11، الیکٹرانز = 11 (چارج = 0)۔ ایک الیکٹران خارج کرنے پر: Na &amp;rarr; Na⁺ + e⁻۔ اب پروٹانز = 11، الیکٹرانز = 10، نیٹ چارج = +1۔ (&lt;b&gt;خارج کرنا = پوزیٹو چارج&lt;/b&gt;)۔&lt;/li&gt;
                    &lt;li&gt;• &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #c0392b;&quot;&gt;این آئن (Anion - منفی آئن):&lt;/span&gt; جب ایٹم الیکٹران حاصل کرتا ہے تو منفی آئن بنتا ہے۔ &lt;br&gt;&lt;i&gt;مثال (کلورین):&lt;/i&gt; پروٹانز = 17، الیکٹرانز = 17 (چارج = 0)۔ ایک الیکٹران حاصل کرنے پر: Cl + e⁻ &amp;rarr; Cl⁻۔ اب پروٹانز = 17، الیکٹرانز = 18، نیٹ چارج = -1۔ (&lt;b&gt;حاصل کرنا = نیگیٹو چارج&lt;/b&gt;)۔&lt;/li&gt;
                &lt;/ul&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;کیٹ آئن اور این آئن میں موازنہ&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;کیٹ آئن (Cation)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;این آئن (Anion)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پوزیٹو (مثبت) آئن ہوتا ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;نیگیٹو (منفی) آئن ہوتا ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;الیکٹران خارج (لوز) کرتا ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;الیکٹران حاصل (گین) کرتا ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;مثال: این اے+ (&#39;Na+&#39;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;مثال: سی ایل- (&#39;Cl-&#39;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پروٹانز الیکٹرانز سے زیادہ ہوتے ہیں&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;الیکٹرانز پروٹانز سے زیادہ ہوتے ہیں&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;گولڈن رول:&lt;/b&gt; الیکٹران کا اخراج &amp;rarr; کیٹ آئن (+) | الیکٹران کا حصول &amp;rarr; این آئن (-)&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;8۔ مختلف ایلیمنٹس کے آئنز&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;ہائیڈروجن:&lt;/b&gt; اٹامک نمبر = 1۔ ہائیڈروجن ایک الیکٹران خارج کر سکتا ہے اور &lt;b&gt;ایچ+&lt;/b&gt; آئن بنا سکتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;لیتھیم:&lt;/b&gt; اٹامک نمبر = 3 (الیکٹرانک کانفیگریشن: 2، 1)۔ لیتھیم 1 الیکٹران خارج کرتا ہے: &lt;b&gt;ایل آئی+&lt;/b&gt;۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;آکسیجن:&lt;/b&gt; اٹامک نمبر = 8 (الیکٹرانک کانفیگریشن: 2، 6)۔ بیرونی شیل مکمل کرنے کے لیے 2 الیکٹرانز حاصل کرتا ہے: &lt;b&gt;او²⁻&lt;/b&gt;۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;i&gt;اہم:&lt;/i&gt; اگر ایٹم 3 الیکٹرانز حاصل کرے تو اس کا چارج &lt;b&gt;-3&lt;/b&gt; ہوگا۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;9۔ کیمیکل فارمولا اور 10۔ لکھنے کا طریقہ&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;کسی کمپاؤنڈ میں موجود ایلیمنٹس کے ٹائپس اور ان کی تعداد کو سمبلز (علامات) کی مدد سے ظاہر کرنے کو &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #2980b9; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;کیمیکل فارمولا&lt;/span&gt; کہتے ہیں۔ (مثالیں: سوڈیم کلورائیڈ &amp;rarr; این اے سی ایل، پانی &amp;rarr; ایچ₂او، امونیا &amp;rarr; این ایچ₃، کاربن ڈائی آکسائیڈ &amp;rarr; سی او₂)۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;فارمولا لکھنے کے مراحل:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;مرحلہ 1:&lt;/b&gt; ایلیمنٹس کے سمبلز لکھیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;مرحلہ 2:&lt;/b&gt; ہر ایلیمنٹ کی ویلسی لکھیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;مرحلہ 3:&lt;/b&gt; ویلسیوں کو کراس کر کے دوسرے ایلیمنٹ کے نیچے لکھیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;مرحلہ 4:&lt;/b&gt; اگر نمبرز کو سمپلیفائی کیا جا سکتا ہو تو مختصر کریں۔&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;مرحلہ 5:&lt;/b&gt; فائنل کیمیکل فارمولا لکھیں۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;کیمیائی فارمولا بنانے کی مثالیں&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;11۔ این اے سی ایل:&lt;/b&gt; سوڈیم کی ویلسی = 1، کلورین کی ویلسی = 1۔ Na¹ + Cl¹ &amp;rarr; NaCl. (1 سوڈیم ایٹم، 1 کلورین ایٹم)۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;12۔ ایچ₂او:&lt;/b&gt; ہائیڈروجن کی ویلسی = 1، آکسیجن کی ویلسی = 2۔ کراس کرنے پر: H¹ &amp;rarr; O² &amp;rarr; H₂O. (2 ہائیڈروجن، 1 آکسیجن)۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;13۔ این ایچ₃:&lt;/b&gt; نائٹروجن کی ویلسی = 3، ہائیڈروجن کی ویلسی = 1۔ کراس کرنے پر: N³ &amp;rarr; H¹ &amp;rarr; NH₃. (1 نائٹروجن، 3 ہائیڈروجن)۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;14۔ سی او₂:&lt;/b&gt; کاربن کی ویلسی = 4، آکسیجن کی ویلسی = 2۔ کراس کرنے پر: C₂O₄۔ ریشیو سادہ کرنے پر: C₂O₄ ÷ 2 = CO₂. (1 کاربن، 2 آکسیجن)۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;15۔ ایچ₂ایس او₄ (H₂SO₄):&lt;/b&gt; H = 2، S = 1، O = 4. ٹوٹل ایٹمز = 2 + 1 + 4 = 7 ایٹمز ایک مالیکیول میں۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;16۔ کیمیکل بانڈ (کیمیائی بانڈ) اور 17۔ الیکٹرانز کا رول&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;دو یا زیادہ ایٹمز کو ایک دوسرے کے ساتھ جوڑنے والی باہمی کشش کی قوت کو &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;کیمیکل بانڈ&lt;/span&gt; کہتے ہیں۔ مختلف ایٹمز کے پوزیٹو نیوکلیئس اور نیگیٹو الیکٹرانز کے درمیان الیکٹراسٹیٹک اٹریکشن ایٹمز کو آپس میں جوڑے رکھتی ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;کیمیکل بانڈ بنانے میں ایٹم کی سب سے بیرونی شیل کے الیکٹرانز، یعنی ویلنس الیکٹرانز، اہم کردار ادا کرتے ہیں۔ ایٹمز اپنی بیرونی شیل کو زیادہ اسٹیبل بنانے کے لیے الیکٹرانز خارج، حاصل یا اشتراک کرتے ہیں۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;div style=&quot;border-right: 5px solid #2e7d32; padding-right: 15px; margin: 15px 0;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;h5 style=&quot;margin-top: 0; color: #2e7d32;&quot;&gt;فوری اعادہ (Quick Revision)&lt;/h5&gt;
                    &lt;p&gt;• ویلسی ایٹم کی کمبائننگ کیپیسٹی (ملاپ کی صلاحیت) ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • ویلسی الیکٹرانز کے گین، لوس یا شیئرنگ سے متعلق ہوتی ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • آؤٹ رموسٹ شیل کے الیکٹرانز کو ویلنس الیکٹرانز کہتے ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • ایٹم الیکٹران خارج کرے تو کیٹ آئن (+) بنتا ہے؛ حاصل کرے تو این آئن (-) بنتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • کیمیکل فارمولا کمپاؤنڈ میں ایلیمنٹس اور ان کے ایٹمز کی تعداد کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • کیمیکل بانڈ ایٹمز کو ایک دوسرے کے ساتھ جوڑے رکھنے والی اٹریکٹو فورس (کشش کی قوت) ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;/div&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;اہم ایم سی کیوز حقائق (Important MCQs Facts)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• ویلسی = ایٹم کی ملاپ کی صلاحیت | • ویلنس الیکٹرانز = آؤٹ رموسٹ شیل کے الیکٹرانز&lt;br&gt;
                • الیکٹران کا اخراج = کیٹ آئن | • الیکٹران کا حصول = این آئن&lt;br&gt;
                • کیٹ آئن = پوزیٹو آئن | • این آئن = نیگیٹو آئن&lt;br&gt;
                • سوڈیم آئن = این اے+ (Na⁺) | • کلورائیڈ آئن = سی ایل- (Cl⁻)&lt;br&gt;
                • ہائیڈروجن آئن = ایچ+ (H⁺) | • لیتھیم آئن = ایل آئی+ (Li⁺) | • آکسیجن آئن = او²⁻&lt;br&gt;
                • این اے سی ایل = سوڈیم کلورائیڈ | • ایچ₂او = پانی | • این ایچ₃ = امونیا | • سی او₂ = کاربن ڈائی آکسائیڈ&lt;br&gt;
                • ایچ₂ایس او₄ میں ٹوٹل ایٹمز = 7&lt;br&gt;
                • گروپ اول (I) کی ویلسی = 1 | • گروپ دوم (II) کی ویلسی = 2 | • گروپ سوم (III) کی ویلسی = 3 | • گروپ چہارم (IV) کی ویلسی = 4&lt;br&gt;
                • گروپ پنجم (V) کی ویلسی = 3 | • گروپ ششم (VI) کی ویلسی = 2 | • گروپ ہفتم (VII) کی ویلسی = 1 | • گروپ صفر (0) کی ویلسی = 0&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
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            &lt;span class=&quot;urdu-text&quot;&gt;چار آپشن میں سے کسی پر بھی کلک کرنے سے جواب سبز ہو جائے گا&lt;/span&gt;
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        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is valency?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Valency is the combining capacity of an atom to form a chemical bond.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What are valence electrons?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Valence electrons are the electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is an ion?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;An ion is a charged particle formed when an atom gains or loses one or more electrons.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;!-- Hidden FAQs (Remaining 7) --&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is a cation?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;A cation is a positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is an anion?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
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            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;An anion is a negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What happens when an atom loses an electron?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;When an atom loses an electron, it becomes a positively charged cation.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What happens when an atom gains an electron?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;When an atom gains an electron, it becomes a negatively charged anion.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is a chemical formula?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;A chemical formula is a symbolic representation that shows the elements and the number of their atoms present in a compound.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;How is the formula H₂O formed?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Hydrogen has valency 1 and oxygen has valency 2. By using their valencies and crossing them, the formula H₂O is obtained.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is a chemical bond?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;A chemical bond is the force of attraction that holds atoms together in a compound.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
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        // Updated Data with pdf: true property for demonstration
        const questions = [
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why do chemical elements combine with each other?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیمیائی عناصر (elements) آپس میں کیوں ملتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;To form bonds&quot;, &quot;To destroy atoms&quot;, &quot;To turn into water&quot;, &quot;To increase mass&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]To form bonds[/red] is correct because elements combine chemically to form bonds and achieve a [blue]stable electronic configuration[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]بانڈز بنانے کے لیے (To form bonds)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ عناصر اپنے ایٹموں کو مستحکم کرنے کے لیے آپس میں کیمیائی ملاپ کر کے [blue]بانڈز بناتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
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    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the combining capacity of an atom to form a chemical bond called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی ایٹم کے کیمیائی بانڈ بنانے کی ملاپ کرنے کی صلاحیت کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Density&quot;, &quot;Valency&quot;, &quot;Conductivity&quot;, &quot;Sublimation&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Valency[/red] is correct because the combining capacity of an atom to form a chemical bond is defined as its [blue]valency[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ویلسی (Valency)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کسی ایٹم کی دوسرے ایٹم کے ساتھ مل کر کیمیائی بانڈ بنانے کی صلاحیت کو [blue]ویلسی[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Valency is the number of electrons that an atom does which of the following to form a compound?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مرکب بنانے کے لیے کسی عنصر کے ایٹموں کے الیکٹرانز کے کس عمل کو ویلسی کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Gains or loses&quot;, &quot;Shares with other atoms&quot;, &quot;Destroys completely&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because valency is the number of electrons an atom [blue]gains, loses, or shares[/blue] during chemical bonding.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کوئی ایٹم بانڈ بنانے کے لیے جتنے الیکٹران [blue]حاصل، خارج یا شیئر[/blue] کرتا ہے، وہ اس کی ویلسی کہلاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How is the numerical value of valency always expressed?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ویلسی (valency) کی عددی قیمت ہمیشہ کس شکل میں ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Complex fractions&quot;, &quot;Small whole numbers or zero&quot;, &quot;Large negative decimals&quot;, &quot;Infinite numbers&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Small whole numbers or zero[/red] is correct because valency is always represented as [blue]small whole numbers or zero[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]چھوٹے مکمل اعداد یا صفر[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کسی عنصر کی ویلسی ہمیشہ [blue]چھوٹے مکمل اعداد (1، 2، 3) یا صفر[/blue] کی شکل میں ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
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    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is true about chemical elements that have a valency of zero?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ان عناصر کے بارے میں کون سی بات درست ہے جن کی ویلسی صفر (zero valency) ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;They react instantly with water&quot;, &quot;They do not form compounds&quot;, &quot;They melt into liquid state&quot;, &quot;They turn into pure gold&quot;],
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    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]They do not form compounds[/red] is correct because elements with zero valency have [blue]completely filled shells[/blue] and are chemically inert.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]وہ مرکبات نہیں بناتے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ وہ عناصر جن کی ویلسی صفر ہوتی ہے وہ مستحکم ہوتے ہیں اور [blue]مرکبات نہیں بناتے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Group I elements have 1 valence electron. In forming a compound, how do they react and what is their valency?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گروپ I کے عناصر کے پاس 1 ویلنس الیکٹران ہوتا ہے۔ مرکب بناتے وقت وہ کیسا عمل کرتے ہیں اور ان کی ویلسی کیا ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Lose 1 electron, valency is 1&quot;, &quot;Gain 7 electrons, valency is 7&quot;, &quot;Share 4 electrons, valency is 4&quot;, &quot;Do not react, valency is zero&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Lose 1 electron, valency is 1[/red] is correct because Group I elements readily [blue]lose their 1 valence electron[/blue] to attain stability.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]1 الیکٹران خارج کرتے ہیں، ویلسی 1 ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گروپ I کے عناصر اپنا [blue]1 بیرونی الیکٹران خارج[/blue] کرتے ہیں جس سے ان کی ویلسی 1 ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Group II elements have 2 valence electrons. In forming a compound, they lose how many electrons, giving them a valency of 2?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گروپ II کے عناصر کے پاس 2 ویلنس الیکٹران ہوتے ہیں۔ وہ کتنے الیکٹران خارج کرتے ہیں جس سے ان کی ویلسی 2 ہو جاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Lose 1 electron&quot;, &quot;Lose 2 electrons&quot;, &quot;Gain 6 electrons&quot;, &quot;Share 4 electrons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Lose 2 electrons[/red] is correct because Group II elements achieve stability by [blue]losing both valence electrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]2 الیکٹران خارج کرتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گروپ II کے عناصر کیمیائی ملاپ کے دوران اپنے [blue]2 بیرونی الیکٹران خارج[/blue] کر کے 2 ویلسی ظاہر کرتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Group III elements have 3 valence electrons. What is their valency when they lose 3 electrons?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گروپ III کے عناصر کے پاس 3 ویلنس الیکٹران ہوتے ہیں۔ جب وہ اپنے 3 الیکٹران خارج کرتے ہیں تو ان کی ویلسی کیا ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;1&quot;, &quot;2&quot;, &quot;3&quot;, &quot;5&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]3[/red] is correct because losing 3 valence electrons gives Group III elements a [blue]valency of 3[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]3[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گروپ III کے عناصر اپنے بیرونی [blue]3 الیکٹران خارج[/blue] کرتے ہیں جس کی وجہ سے ان کی ویلسی 3 ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Group IV elements have 4 valence electrons. In forming a compound, they:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گروپ IV کے عناصر کے پاس 4 ویلنس الیکٹران ہوتے ہیں۔ مرکب بناتے وقت وہ کیا عمل کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Lose 4 electrons&quot;, &quot;Gain 4 electrons&quot;, &quot;Share 4 electrons, valency is 4&quot;, &quot;Do not react, valency is zero&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Share 4 electrons, valency is 4[/red] is correct because Group IV elements typically [blue]share 4 electrons[/blue] to complete their octet.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]4 الیکٹران شیئر کرتے ہیں، ویلسی 4 ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گروپ IV کے عناصر اپنے [blue]4 الیکٹرانوں کا باہمی اشتراک[/blue] کرتے ہیں جس سے ان کی ویلسی 4 بنتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Group V elements have 5 valence electrons. To form compounds, they gain or share how many electrons, giving them a valency of 3?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گروپ V کے عناصر کے پاس 5 ویلنس الیکٹران ہوتے ہیں۔ وہ کتنے الیکٹران حاصل یا شیئر کرتے ہیں جس سے ان کی ویلسی 3 ہو جاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;1 electron&quot;, &quot;2 electrons&quot;, &quot;3 electrons&quot;, &quot;5 electrons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]3 electrons[/red] is correct because Group V elements need [blue]3 additional electrons[/blue] to reach a stable octet of 8.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]3 الیکٹران[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گروپ V کے عناصر کو اپنا آکٹیٹ مکمل کرنے کے لیے [blue]3 الیکٹران حاصل یا شیئر[/blue] کرنے پڑتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Group VI elements have 6 valence electrons. What is their valency when they gain or share 2 electrons?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گروپ VI کے عناصر کے پاس 6 ویلنس الیکٹران ہوتے ہیں۔ جب وہ 2 الیکٹران حاصل یا شیئر کرتے ہیں تو ان کی ویلسی کیا ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;1&quot;, &quot;2&quot;, &quot;6&quot;, &quot;Zero&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]2[/red] is correct because gaining or sharing 2 electrons to complete the octet results in a [blue]valency of 2[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]2[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گروپ VI کے عناصر آخری مدار میں 8 الیکٹران پورے کرنے کے لیے [blue]2 الیکٹران حاصل یا شیئر[/blue] کر کے 2 ویلسی ظاہر کرتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Group VII elements have 7 valence electrons. In forming a compound, they gain or share how many electrons, giving them a valency of 1?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گروپ VII کے عناصر کے پاس 7 ویلنس الیکٹران ہوتے ہیں۔ وہ کتنے الیکٹران حاصل یا شیئر کرتے ہیں جس سے ان کی ویلسی 1 ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;1 electron&quot;, &quot;2 electrons&quot;, &quot;7 electrons&quot;, &quot;8 electrons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]1 electron[/red] is correct because Group VII elements require only [blue]1 electron[/blue] to complete their outermost shell.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]1 الیکٹران[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گروپ VII کے عناصر کو اپنا آخری شیل مکمل کرنے کے لیے صرف [blue]1 الیکٹران[/blue] درکار ہوتا ہے، اس لیے ان کی ویلسی 1 ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Group 0 elements (noble gases) have 8 valence electrons. Why is their valency considered zero?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گروپ 0 کے عناصر (نوبل گیسوں) کے پاس 8 ویلنس الیکٹران ہوتے ہیں۔ ان کی ویلسی صفر (zero) کیوں مانی جاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;They easily lose all 8 electrons&quot;, &quot;They rarely form compounds and are least reactive&quot;, &quot;They gain 8 additional electrons&quot;, &quot;They always dissolve in water instantly&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]They rarely form compounds and are least reactive[/red] is correct because noble gases have [blue]completely filled outermost shells[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]وہ شاذ و نادر ہی مرکبات بناتے ہیں اور سب سے کم ردِعمل رکھتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ان کے [blue]بیرونی شیلز مکمل طور پر بھرے[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which group of elements is highly likely to lose two electrons during compound formation?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;عناصر کا کون سا گروپ مرکب بناتے وقت اپنے دو الیکٹران خارج (lose) کرنے کا سب سے زیادہ رجحان رکھتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Group I&quot;, &quot;Group II&quot;, &quot;Group VII&quot;, &quot;Group VIII&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Group II[/red] is correct because Group II elements have 2 valence electrons and readily [blue]lose both electrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گروپ II[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گروپ II کے عناصر اپنے [blue]2 بیرونی الیکٹران خارج[/blue] کرنے کا قوی رجحان رکھتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The atomic number of Neon is 10 and it belongs to Group VIII A. What is its valency?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نیون (Neon) کا اٹامک نمبر 10 ہے اور یہ گروپ VIII A (نوبل گیسوں) میں شامل ہے۔ اس کی ویلسی کتنی ہوگی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2&quot;, &quot;8&quot;, &quot;Zero&quot;, &quot;4&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Zero[/red] is correct because Neon is a noble gas with a complete octet, giving it a [blue]valency of zero[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]صفر (Zero)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نیون ایک مستحکم نوبل گیس ہے جس کا شیل مکمل ہونے کی وجہ سے [blue]ویلسی صفر[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Formation Of Ions&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does an atom do to its electrons to successfully form a chemical compound?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک ایٹم کیمیائی مرکب (compound) بنانے کے لیے اپنے الیکٹرانز کے ساتھ کیا عمل کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Destroys them completely&quot;, &quot;Loses or gains them&quot;, &quot;Keeps them frozen&quot;, &quot;Turns them into protons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Loses or gains them[/red] is correct because forming ionic bonds requires atoms to [blue]lose or gain valence electrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]انہیں خارج یا حاصل کرتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مرکبات بنانے کے لیے ایٹم اپنے [blue]الیکٹرانز کو خارج یا حاصل[/blue] کرتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Under normal, unaltered conditions, an atom is classified as what type of particle?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;عام اور قدرتی حالت میں ایک ایٹم کو کس قسم کا بنیادی ذرہ مانا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Positively charged particle&quot;, &quot;Neutral particle&quot;, &quot;Negatively charged particle&quot;, &quot;Highly toxic particle&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Neutral particle[/red] is correct because an atom under normal conditions has [blue]equal numbers of protons and electrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نیوٹرل ذرہ (Neutral particle)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ عام حالت میں ایٹم کے پاس مثبت اور منفی چارجز برابر ہونے سے وہ [blue]غیر جانبدار (neutral)[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does a neutral atom become when an electron is added to or removed from it?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب کسی نیوٹرل ایٹم میں کوئی الیکٹران داخل کیا جائے یا اس سے نکالا جائے، تو وہ کیا بن جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;A neutral molecule&quot;, &quot;A charged particle called an ion&quot;, &quot;A pure neutral neutron&quot;, &quot;A heavy solid metal&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]A charged particle called an ion[/red] is correct because adding or removing electrons creates a [blue]charged particle (ion)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک چارج شدہ ذرہ جسے آئن کہتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ الیکٹران کے داخل یا خارج ہونے سے ایٹم [blue]آئن (ion)[/blue] میں تبدیل ہو جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;An ion is a charged particle formed by which of the following processes?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک آئن (ion) درج ذیل میں سے کس عمل کے ذریعے بننے والا چارج شدہ ذرہ ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Loss of one or more electrons&quot;, &quot;Gain of one or more electrons&quot;, &quot;Loss of protons from the nucleus&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because an ion forms either through the [blue]loss or gain of electrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آئن [blue]الیکٹرانوں کے اخراج یا حصول[/blue] کے عمل سے بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Formation of Cations (Losing electrons)&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Cations are positive ions that are formed when an atom:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیٹ آئنز (cations) مثبت آئنز ہوتے ہیں جو اس وقت بنتے ہیں جب ایک ایٹم:&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Gains electrons&quot;, &quot;Loses electrons&quot;, &quot;Gains neutrons&quot;, &quot;Loses protons from the nucleus&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Loses electrons[/red] is correct because cations form when a neutral atom [blue]loses one or more electrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]الیکٹران خارج کرتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جب کوئی ایٹم اپنے شیل سے [blue]الیکٹران خارج[/blue] کرتا ہے تو کیٹ آئن (مثبت آئن) بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A neutral Sodium (Na) atom has 11 protons and 11 electrons, giving it a net charge of:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک عام سوڈیم (Na) ایٹم میں 11 پروٹان اور 11 الیکٹران ہوتے ہیں، اس کا نیٹ چارج (net charge) کتنا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;+1&quot;, &quot;-1&quot;, &quot;0 (zero)&quot;, &quot;+11&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]0 (zero)[/red] is correct because the positive and negative charges are equal, giving a [blue]net charge of 0[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]0 (صفر)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 11 پروٹان اور 11 الیکٹران مل کر [blue]مجموعی چارج صفر (0)[/blue] بناتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A Sodium cation (Na⁺) has 11 protons and 10 electrons, which gives it a net charge of:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک سوڈیم کیٹ آئن (Na⁺) میں 11 پروٹان اور 10 الیکٹران ہوتے ہیں، اس پر کل نیٹ چارج کتنا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;0&quot;, &quot;+1&quot;, &quot;-1&quot;, &quot;+11&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]+1[/red] is correct because having 11 positive protons and 10 negative electrons results in a [blue]net charge of +1[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]+1[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 11 پروٹان اور 10 الیکٹران ہونے کی وجہ سے نیٹ چارج [blue]مثبت +1[/blue] حاصل ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When sodium metal loses an electron, what is the resulting positively charged ion called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب سوڈیم دھات ایک الیکٹران خارج کرتی ہے، تو بننے والے مثبت چارج شدہ آئن کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Anion&quot;, &quot;Cation&quot;, &quot;Neutron&quot;, &quot;Molecule&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Cation[/red] is correct because a positively charged ion formed by electron loss is called a [blue]cation[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیٹ آئن (Cation)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ الیکٹران کے اخراج سے بننے والے مثبت آئن کو [blue]کیٹ آئن[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many neutrons are present in both a Sodium atom and a Sodium ion?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سوڈیم ایٹم اور سوڈیم آئن دونوں کے مرکزے میں نیوٹرانوں کی تعداد کتنی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;10&quot;, &quot;11&quot;, &quot;12&quot;, &quot;23&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]12[/red] is correct because ionization does not alter the nucleus; both have [blue]12 neutrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]12[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آئن بننے کے دوران نیوکلیئس پر اثر نہیں پڑتا اور [blue]نیوٹران 12[/blue] ہی رہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Complete the chemical equation for the ionization of sodium: Na → Na⁺ + ________?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سوڈیم کے آئن بننے کی کیمیائی مساوات مکمل کریں: Na → Na⁺ + ________؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;p (proton)&quot;, &quot;e (electron)&quot;, &quot;n (neutron)&quot;, &quot;H (hydrogen)&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]e (electron)[/red] is correct because sodium loses 1 electron, expressed as [blue]Na → Na⁺ + e[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]e (الیکٹران)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سوڈیم 1 الیکٹران خارج کرتا ہے جس کی مساوات [blue]Na → Na⁺ + e[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Anions are negative ions that are formed when an atom:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;این آئنز (anions) منفی آئنز ہوتے ہیں جو اس وقت بنتے ہیں جب ایک ایٹم:&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Loses electrons&quot;, &quot;Gains electrons&quot;, &quot;Loses neutrons&quot;, &quot;Gains protons in the nucleus&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Gains electrons[/red] is correct because anions are formed when a neutral atom [blue]gains one or more electrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]الیکٹران حاصل کرتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جب کوئی ایٹم باہر سے [blue]الیکٹران حاصل[/blue] کرتا ہے تو وہ این آئن (منفی آئن) بناتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When a chlorine atom gains an electron, what is the resulting negatively charged ion called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب کلورین کا ایٹم ایک الیکٹران حاصل کرتا ہے، تو بننے والے منفی چارج شدہ آئن کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Cation&quot;, &quot;Anion&quot;, &quot;Proton&quot;, &quot;Molecule&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Anion[/red] is correct because the negatively charged chloride ion formed is classified as an [blue]anion[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]این آئن (Anion)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ الیکٹران حاصل کرنے سے بننے والے منفی کلورائیڈ آئن کو [blue]این آئن[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A neutral Chlorine (Cl) atom has 17 protons and 17 electrons, giving it a net charge of:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک غیر جانبدار کلورین (Cl) ایٹم میں 17 پروٹان اور 17 الیکٹران ہوتے ہیں، اس کا نیٹ چارج کتنا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;-1&quot;, &quot;+1&quot;, &quot;0 (zero)&quot;, &quot;-17&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]0 (zero)[/red] is correct because 17 protons balance 17 electrons, resulting in a [blue]net charge of 0[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]0 (صفر)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 17 مثبت پروٹان اور 17 منفی الیکٹران مل کر [blue]نیٹ چارج صفر[/blue] رکھتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A Chlorine ion (Cl⁻) has 17 protons and 18 electrons, which gives it a net charge of:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک کلورین این آئن (Cl⁻) میں 17 پروٹان اور 18 الیکٹران ہوتے ہیں، اس پر مجموعی نیٹ چارج کتنا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;0&quot;, &quot;+1&quot;, &quot;-1&quot;, &quot;-18&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]-1[/red] is correct because 17 positive protons and 18 negative electrons leave a [blue]net charge of -1[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]-1[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 17 پروٹان اور 18 الیکٹران ہونے کی وجہ سے کل چارج [blue]منفی -1[/blue] ہو جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many neutrons are present in both a Chlorine atom and a Chlorine ion?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کلورین ایٹم اور کلورین آئن دونوں کے مرکزے میں نیوٹرانوں کی تعداد کتنی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;17&quot;, &quot;18&quot;, &quot;35&quot;, &quot;8&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]18[/red] is correct because ionization affects only electrons, leaving [blue]18 neutrons[/blue] unchanged in both.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]18[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آئن بننے سے نیوٹرانوں پر کوئی فرق نہیں پڑتا اور ان کی تعداد [blue]18[/blue] ہی رہتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Complete the chemical equation for the ionization of chlorine: Cl + e → ________?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کلورین کے آئن بننے کی کیمیائی مساوات مکمل کریں: Cl + e → ________؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Cl⁺&quot;, &quot;Cl⁻&quot;, &quot;Cl&quot;, &quot;H₂O&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Cl⁻[/red] is correct because gaining an electron forms a chloride anion, represented as [blue]Cl + e → Cl⁻[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]Cl⁻[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کلورین 1 الیکٹران حاصل کر کے منفی کلورائیڈ آئن [blue]Cl⁻[/blue] بناتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a negatively charged ion also commonly called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;منفی چارج شدہ آئن (negative ion) کو عام طور پر کیا کہا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Cation&quot;, &quot;Anion&quot;, &quot;Proton&quot;, &quot;Molecule&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Anion[/red] is correct because any negatively charged ion is scientifically known as an [blue]anion[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]این آئن (Anion)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کیمسٹری میں منفی چارج والے آئن کو [blue]این آئن[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;When a chlorine atom becomes a negative chloride ion, what happens to the number of protons?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب کلورین کا ایٹم منفی کلورائیڈ آئن بنتا ہے، تو اس کے نیوکلیئس میں موجود پروٹانوں کی تعداد کے ساتھ کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;It increases to 18&quot;, &quot;It remains the same (17 protons)&quot;, &quot;It decreases to 16&quot;, &quot;It drops to zero&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]It remains the same (17 protons)[/red] is correct because the nucleus remains intact with [blue]17 protons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]یہ یکساں رہتی ہے (17 پروٹان)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آئن بننے کے دوران نیوکلیئس کے [blue]پروٹان 17 ہی رہتے ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many electrons are present in a chloride anion (Cl⁻) that carries a -1 net charge?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک کلورائیڈ این آئن (Cl⁻) پر جب -1 نیٹ چارج ہو، تو اس کے پاس گھومنے والے کتنے الیکٹران ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;17 electrons&quot;, &quot;18 electrons&quot;, &quot;35 electrons&quot;, &quot;8 electrons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]18 electrons[/red] is correct because gaining 1 extra electron brings the total to [blue]18 electrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]18 الیکٹران[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 1 اضافی الیکٹران حاصل کرنے سے کلورائیڈ آئن کے پاس [blue]18 الیکٹران[/blue] ہو جاتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What charge does a Hydrogen ion typically form when it loses its single electron?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہائیڈروجن کا اٹامک نمبر 1 ہے۔ جب یہ اپنا واحد الیکٹران خارج کرتا ہے تو ہائیڈروجن آئن پر کون سا چارج آتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;-1&quot;, &quot;+1&quot;, &quot;-2&quot;, &quot;+2&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]+1[/red] is correct because losing its single electron forms a positive hydrogen ion [blue](H⁺)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]+1[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہائیڈروجن اپنا واحد الیکٹران کھو کر [blue]مثبت +1 (H⁺)[/blue] چارج والا آئن بناتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What charge does a Lithium ion (Li⁺) form when it loses its 1 outer valence electron?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لیتھیئم کا اٹامک نمبر 3 ہے۔ جب یہ اپنا 1 بیرونی الیکٹران خارج کرتا ہے تو لیتھیئم آئن (Li⁺) پر کون سا چارج آتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;-1&quot;, &quot;+1&quot;, &quot;+2&quot;, &quot;-2&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]+1[/red] is correct because Lithium loses its 1 valence electron to form [blue]Li⁺ (+1 charge)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]+1[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ لیتھیئم اپنا 1 بیرونی الیکٹران خارج کر کے [blue]+1 (Li⁺)[/blue] چارج والا آئن بناتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What charge does an Oxygen ion form when it gains 2 electrons to complete its octet?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;آکسیجن کا اٹامک نمبر 8 ہے۔ جب یہ اپنا آخری شیل مکمل کرنے کے لیے 2 الیکٹران حاصل کرتا ہے تو آکسیجن آئن پر کون سا چارج آتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;+2&quot;, &quot;-2&quot;, &quot;-1&quot;, &quot;+1&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]-2[/red] is correct because gaining 2 electrons gives the oxide ion a charge of [blue]-2 (O²⁻)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]-2[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آکسیجن 2 اضافی الیکٹران حاصل کر کے [blue]-2 (O²⁻)[/blue] چارج والا آکسائیڈ آئن بناتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Chemical Formula&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does every chemical compound possess to systematically represent its composition?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہر کیمیائی مرکب (compound) کو ظاہر کرنے کے لیے اس کے پاس کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;A physical shape only&quot;, &quot;A chemical formula&quot;, &quot;A single biological cell&quot;, &quot;An atomic mass only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]A chemical formula[/red] is correct because every compound has a [blue]chemical formula[/blue] representing its atomic composition.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیمیائی فارمولا (A chemical formula)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہر مرکب کی علامتی شناخت کے لیے اس کا اپنا [blue]کیمیائی فارمولا[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the common compound formed from the chemical reaction of sodium and chlorine?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سوڈیم اور کلورین کے کیمیائی ملاپ سے بننے والے عام مرکب (compound) کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Sodium hydroxide&quot;, &quot;Sodium chloride&quot;, &quot;Hydrogen oxide&quot;, &quot;Carbon dioxide&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Sodium chloride[/red] is correct because the reaction between sodium and chlorine yields [blue]sodium chloride (NaCl)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سوڈیم کلورائیڈ (Sodium chloride)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سوڈیم اور کلورین مل کر عام نمک یعنی [blue]سوڈیم کلورائیڈ (NaCl)[/blue] بناتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A chemical formula of a compound can be determined by using which property of its atoms?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی مرکب کا کیمیائی فارمولا ایٹم کی کس خصوصیت کو استعمال کر کے معلوم کیا جا سکتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Physical weight&quot;, &quot;Valency&quot;, &quot;Atomic volume&quot;, &quot;Substance density&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Valency[/red] is correct because the combining ratios and formula are determined by the [blue]valency[/blue] of the atoms.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ویلسی (Valency)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کیمیائی فارمولا عناصر کی [blue]ویلسی[/blue] کو استعمال اور تبدیل کر کے لکھا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the symbolic representation of the elements bonded together in a compound called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی مرکب میں آپس میں جڑے ہوئے عناصر کو علامتی طور پر ظاہر کرنا کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Physical state shape&quot;, &quot;Chemical formula&quot;, &quot;Element alphabet name&quot;, &quot;Periodic row number&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Chemical formula[/red] is correct because the symbolic representation of bonded elements is a [blue]chemical formula[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیمیائی فارمولا (Chemical formula)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مرکب میں جڑے عناصر کی علامتی نمائندگی کو [blue]کیمیائی فارمولا[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What does a chemical formula describe about a compound or molecule?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک کیمیائی فارمولا کسی مرکب میں موجود ایٹموں کے بارے میں کیا اہم معلومات دیتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;The physical weight of the sample&quot;, &quot;The types of atoms and their numbers&quot;, &quot;The chemical temperature of the room&quot;, &quot;The color of the storage bottle&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]The types of atoms and their numbers[/red] is correct because a chemical formula indicates the [blue]types and exact count of atoms[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایٹموں کی اقسام اور ان کی تعداد[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کیمیائی فارمولا بتاتا ہے کہ مرکب میں [blue]کون سے ایٹم اور کتنی تعداد میں[/blue] شامل ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the first step in writing a chemical formula?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیمیائی فارمولا لکھنے کا سب سے پہلا قدم کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Write down the symbols of the elements&quot;, &quot;Write the mass number&quot;, &quot;Divide the valencies&quot;, &quot;Heat the elements&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Write down the symbols of the elements[/red] is correct because step one is writing the [blue]chemical symbols of the elements[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]عناصر کے کیمیائی سمبلز لکھنا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فارمولا لکھنے کا پہلا مرحلہ [blue]عناصر کی علامات لکھنا[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In the second step of writing a chemical formula, what should be written above each element&#39;s symbol?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیمیائی فارمولا لکھنے کے دوسرے قدم میں، ہر عنصر کی علامت کے اوپر کیا لکھا جانا چاہیے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Its atomic mass&quot;, &quot;Its valency&quot;, &quot;Its proton number&quot;, &quot;Its neutron number&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Its valency[/red] is correct because step two requires writing the [blue]valency above each symbol[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اس کی ویلسی (Its valency)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دوسرے مرحلے میں ہر علامت کے اوپر اس کی [blue]ویلسی[/blue] لکھی جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What should be done to the valencies of both elements in the third step of writing a chemical formula?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیمیائی فارمولا لکھنے کے تیسرے قدم میں، دونوں عناصر کی ویلسیوں کے ساتھ کیا عمل کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Multiply them by ten&quot;, &quot;Cross the valencies of both elements&quot;, &quot;Erase them completely&quot;, &quot;Add them together&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Cross the valencies of both elements[/red] is correct because step three involves [blue]crossing or swapping the valencies[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]دونوں عناصر کی ویلسیوں کو کراس کرنا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ تیسرے مرحلے میں [blue]ویلسیوں کو کراس کر کے نیچے لکھا[/blue] جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If the crossed valencies can be simplified, what should they be divided by?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر کراس کی گئی ویلسیوں کے ہندسوں کو مزید سادہ (simplify) کیا جا سکتا ہو، تو انہیں کس پر تقسیم کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Divide them by the highest mass&quot;, &quot;Divide them by the least valency&quot;, &quot;Divide them by ten&quot;, &quot;Divide them by total electron count&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Divide them by the least valency[/red] is correct because simplification is done by [blue]dividing by the least valency[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سب سے چھوٹی ویلسی پر تقسیم کر کے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فارمولے کو سادہ کرنے کے لیے [blue]سب سے چھوٹی ویلسی پر تقسیم[/blue] کیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the final, fifth step in the process of determining a compound&#39;s formula?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیمیائی فارمولا لکھنے کے طریقہ کار کا آخری اور پانچواں قدم کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Erase the symbols completely&quot;, &quot;Write the chemical formula&quot;, &quot;Add liquid water to the compound&quot;, &quot;Weigh the atom on a scale&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Write the chemical formula[/red] is correct because the final step is writing down the [blue]completed chemical formula[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیمیائی فارمولا لکھنا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ تمام مراحل مکمل کرنے کے بعد آخر میں [blue]حتمی کیمیائی فارمولا[/blue] لکھا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Sodium is in Group IA (valency 1) and Chlorine is in Group VIIA (valency 1). What is the chemical formula of Sodium Chloride?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سوڈیم گروپ IA (ویلسی 1) اور کلورین گروپ VIIA (ویلسی 1) میں ہے۔ سوڈیم کلورائیڈ کا کیمیائی فارمولا کیا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;NaCl&quot;, &quot;Na₂Cl&quot;, &quot;NaCl₂&quot;, &quot;Na₂Cl₂&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]NaCl[/red] is correct because crossing valencies of 1:1 gives the simplified formula [blue]NaCl[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]NaCl[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سوڈیم اور کلورین دونوں کی ویلسی 1 ہونے کی وجہ سے فارمولا [blue]NaCl[/blue] بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Hydrogen is in Group IA (valency 1) and Oxygen is in Group VIA (valency 2). What is the chemical formula of Water?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہائیڈروجن گروپ IA (ویلسی 1) اور آکسیجن گروپ VIA (ویلسی 2) میں ہے۔ پانی کا کیمیائی فارمولا کیا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;HO&quot;, &quot;HO₂&quot;, &quot;H₂O&quot;, &quot;H₂O₂&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]H₂O[/red] is correct because crossing the valencies of H (1) and O (2) yields [blue]H₂O[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]H₂O[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہائیڈروجن کی ویلسی 1 اور آکسیجن کی ویلسی 2 کو کراس کرنے سے فارمولا [blue]H₂O[/blue] بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Nitrogen is in Group VA (valency 3) and Hydrogen is in Group IA (valency 1). What is the chemical formula of Ammonia?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نائٹروجن گروپ VA (ویلسی 3) اور ہائیڈروجن گروپ IA (ویلسی 1) میں ہے۔ امونیا کا کیمیائی فارمولا کیا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;NH&quot;, &quot;N₃H&quot;, &quot;NH₃&quot;, &quot;N₂H₃&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]NH₃[/red] is correct because crossing the valencies of N (3) and H (1) produces [blue]NH₃[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]NH₃[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نائٹروجن (3) اور ہائیڈروجن (1) کی ویلسیوں کے تبادلے سے [blue]NH₃[/blue] بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Carbon has a valency of 4 and Oxygen has a valency of 2. After crossing and simplifying, what is the chemical formula of Carbon Dioxide?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کاربن کی ویلسی 4 اور آکسیجن کی ویلسی 2 ہے۔ کراس کرنے اور سادہ (simplify) کرنے کے بعد کاربن ڈائی آکسائیڈ کا کیمیائی فارمولا کیا بنتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;CO&quot;, &quot;C₂O₄&quot;, &quot;CO₂&quot;, &quot;C₂O&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]CO₂[/red] is correct because C₂O₄ simplifies to [blue]CO₂[/blue] upon dividing subscripts by 2.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]CO₂[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ C₂O₄ کو چھوٹی ویلسی 2 پر تقسیم کرنے سے سادہ فارمولا [blue]CO₂[/blue] حاصل ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many Hydrogen atoms are present in a single molecule of H₂SO₄ (sulphuric acid)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سلفیورک ایسڈ (H₂SO₄) کے ایک مالیکیول میں ہائیڈروجن کے کتنے ایٹم پائے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;1&quot;, &quot;2&quot;, &quot;4&quot;, &quot;7&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]2[/red] is correct because the subscript 2 next to H in H₂SO₄ indicates [blue]2 Hydrogen atoms[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]2[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فارمولے H₂SO₄ میں ہائیڈروجن کے [blue]2 ایٹم[/blue] ظاہر کیے گئے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many Sulphur atoms are present in a single molecule of H₂SO₄?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سلفیورک ایسڈ (H₂SO₄) کے ایک مالیکیول میں سلفر (S) کے کتنے ایٹم پائے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;1&quot;, &quot;2&quot;, &quot;4&quot;, &quot;6&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]1[/red] is correct because the symbol S has no subscript, representing exactly [blue]1 Sulphur atom[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]1[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فارمولے H₂SO₄ میں سلفر (S) کا صرف [blue]1 ایٹم[/blue] موجود ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many Oxygen atoms are present in a single molecule of H₂SO₄?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سلفیورک ایسڈ (H₂SO₄) کے ایک مالیکیول میں آکسیجن (O) کے کتنے ایٹم پائے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;1&quot;, &quot;2&quot;, &quot;4&quot;, &quot;8&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]4[/red] is correct because the subscript 4 next to O in H₂SO₄ indicates [blue]4 Oxygen atoms[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]4[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فارمولے H₂SO₄ میں آکسیجن کے ساتھ O₄ یعنی [blue]4 ایٹم[/blue] درج ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the total number of atoms present in a single molecule of H₂SO₄?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سلفیورک ایسڈ (H₂SO₄) کے ایک مالیکیول میں موجود تمام ایٹموں کی کل تعداد کتنی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;3 atoms&quot;, &quot;5 atoms&quot;, &quot;7 atoms&quot;, &quot;12 atoms&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]7 atoms[/red] is correct because adding 2 (H) + 1 (S) + 4 (O) gives a total of [blue]7 atoms[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]7 ایٹم[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 2 ہائیڈروجن + 1 سلفر + 4 آکسیجن مل کر کل [blue]7 ایٹم (2+1+4=7)[/blue] بناتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Chemical Bond&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the mutual attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds them together called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مختلف ایٹموں کے نیوکلیائی (nuclei) اور ویلنس الیکٹرانوں کے مابین باہمی کشش جو انہیں جوڑتی ہے، کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Nuclear decay&quot;, &quot;Chemical bond&quot;, &quot;Sublimation&quot;, &quot;Freezing point&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Chemical bond[/red] is correct because the mutual attraction binding atoms together is defined as a [blue]chemical bond[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیمیائی بانڈ (Chemical bond)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایٹموں کے درمیان باہمی قوتِ کشش جو انہیں جوڑے رکھتی ہے [blue]کیمیائی بانڈ[/blue] کہلاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which electrons of an atom are actively involved in chemical bonding with another atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایٹم کے کون سے الیکٹران دوسرے ایٹم کے ساتھ کیمیائی بانڈ بنانے میں حصہ لیتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Inner core shell electrons&quot;, &quot;Valence electrons&quot;, &quot;Nucleus protons&quot;, &quot;Core neutrons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Valence electrons[/red] is correct because only the [blue]valence electrons[/blue] in the outermost shell participate in bonding.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ویلنس الیکٹرانز (Valence electrons)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ صرف بیرونی شیل میں موجود [blue]ویلنس الیکٹرانز[/blue] ہی بانڈ بنانے میں حصہ لیتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What force pulls the atoms together during chemical bonding?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیمیائی ملاپ کے دوران کون سی طاقت ایٹموں کو ایک دوسرے کے قریب کھینچ کر آپس میں جوڑتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Attraction of each atom&#39;s nucleus for the other&#39;s valence electrons&quot;, &quot;Repulsion of protons inside the nucleus&quot;, &quot;Orbit shell freezing&quot;, &quot;Magnetic gravity of the Earth&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Attraction of each atom&#39;s nucleus for the other&#39;s valence electrons[/red] is correct because this [blue]electrostatic attraction[/blue] pulls atoms together.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک ایٹم کے نیوکلیئس کا دوسرے ایٹم کے ویلنس الیکٹرانوں کو کھینچنا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ یہ [blue]برقی کشش[/blue] ایٹموں کو جوڑتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Where are the valence electrons that interact to form chemical bonds located in an atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیمیائی بانڈ بنانے والے ویلنس الیکٹران ایٹم کے کس شیل (مدار) میں پائے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;In the innermost shell&quot;, &quot;In the outermost shell&quot;, &quot;Inside the nucleus&quot;, &quot;Between the positive protons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]In the outermost shell[/red] is correct because valence electrons are located in the [blue]outermost energy shell[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سب سے بیرونی شیل میں (In the outermost shell)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ویلنس الیکٹران ہمیشہ ایٹم کے [blue]سب سے بیرونی مدار[/blue] میں ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Electrostatic Force Of Attraction Between Two Atoms&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What do two atoms experience when they interact closely with each other?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب دو ایٹم ایک دوسرے کے ساتھ باہمی عمل (interact) کرتے ہیں، تو وہ کس قوت کو محسوس کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Force of planetary gravity&quot;, &quot;Force of attraction&quot;, &quot;Only basic repulsive force&quot;, &quot;Mechanical force of friction&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Force of attraction[/red] is correct because interacting atoms experience a mutual [blue]force of attraction[/blue] drawing them together.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]قوتِ کشش (Force of attraction)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جب دو ایٹم قریب آتے ہیں تو وہ ایک دوسرے کے لیے [blue]قوتِ کشش[/blue] محسوس کرتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is true about the electrical charges of electrons and nuclei?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;الیکٹرانوں اور نیوکلیائی کے برقی چارجز کے بارے میں کون سی بات درست ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Electrons have a negative charge&quot;, &quot;Nuclei have a positive charge&quot;, &quot;Both are completely neutral particles&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because electrons carry a [blue]negative charge[/blue] while atomic nuclei carry a [blue]positive charge[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ الیکٹران پر [blue]منفی[/blue] اور نیوکلیئس پر [blue]مثبت[/blue] برقی چارج ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In an interaction between two atoms, what does the positive nucleus of one atom attract?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;دو ایٹموں کے ملاپ کے دوران، ایک ایٹم کا مثبت نیوکلیئس دوسرے ایٹم کے کس حصے کو اپنی طرف کھینچتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;The protons&quot;, &quot;The electrons&quot;, &quot;The neutrons&quot;, &quot;The empty outer shells&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]The electrons[/red] is correct because the positive nucleus attracts the [blue]negative electrons[/blue] of the other atom.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]الیکٹرانوں کو (The electrons)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایک ایٹم کا مثبت نیوکلیئس دوسرے کے [blue]منفی الیکٹرانوں کو کھینچتا ہے[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens to both attractive and repulsive forces as the physical distance between two interacting atoms decreases?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب دو ایٹموں کا درمیانی فاصلہ کم ہوتا ہے، تو ان کے درمیان کشش اور پسپائی (repulsive) کی قوتوں کے ساتھ کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;They decrease systematically&quot;, &quot;They increase&quot;, &quot;They completely disappear&quot;, &quot;They remain unchanged&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]They increase[/red] is correct because decreasing distance between atoms causes both attractive and repulsive forces to [blue]increase[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]وہ بڑھ جاتی ہیں (They increase)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فاصلہ کم ہونے پر کشش اور دھکیلنے کی دونوں [blue]قوتیں بڑھ جاتی ہیں[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What specific electrical force holds the two interacting atoms together?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کون سی مخصوص برقی قوت دو ملنے والے ایٹموں کو آپس میں باندھے یا جوڑے رکھتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Gravitational force&quot;, &quot;Electrostatic attraction&quot;, &quot;Friction force&quot;, &quot;Atmospheric air pressure&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Electrostatic attraction[/red] is correct because opposite electrical charges generate [blue]electrostatic attraction[/blue] holding them together.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]الیکٹرو اسٹیٹک کشش (Electrostatic attraction)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مخالف چارجز کے درمیان [blue]الیکٹرو اسٹیٹک کشش[/blue] ہی ایٹموں کو جوڑے رکھتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;During chemical bonding, electrons from each atom are attracted to:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیمیائی بانڈ بننے کے دوران، ہر ایٹم کے الیکٹران کس کی طرف کھینچے چلے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Only their own shell&quot;, &quot;The nucleus of both atoms&quot;, &quot;The outside environment&quot;, &quot;None of the above&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]The nucleus of both atoms[/red] is correct because bonding electrons experience attraction towards the [blue]nuclei of both participating atoms[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]دونوں ایٹموں کے نیوکلیئس کی طرف[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بانڈ بنتے وقت الیکٹران [blue]دونوں ایٹموں کے نیوکلیئس[/blue] کی طرف کھینچے جاتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Key Points&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the combining capacity of atoms to form chemical bonds called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایٹموں کے آپس میں مل کر بانڈ بنانے کی صلاحیت (combining capacity) کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Atomic number&quot;, &quot;Valency&quot;, &quot;Substance density&quot;, &quot;Mass number&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Valency[/red] is correct because the inherent combining capacity of an atom is termed its [blue]valency[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ویلسی (Valency)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایٹموں کے آپس میں جڑنے کی صلاحیت کو [blue]ویلسی[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the symbolic representation of the elements bonded together in a compound called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی مرکب (compound) میں آپس میں جڑے ہوئے عناصر کی علامتی نمائندگی کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Atomic number&quot;, &quot;Chemical formula&quot;, &quot;Chemical equation&quot;, &quot;Group period number&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Chemical formula[/red] is correct because representing elements bonded in a compound symbolically is a [blue]chemical formula[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیمیائی فارمولا (Chemical formula)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مرکب میں موجود عناصر کی علامتی شکل [blue]کیمیائی فارمولا[/blue] کہلاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;We can easily determine the chemical formula of a compound by using which property of its atoms?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہم ایٹم کی کس خصوصیت کو استعمال کر کے کسی مرکب کا کیمیائی فارمولا معلوم کر سکتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Total mass&quot;, &quot;Valency&quot;, &quot;Atomic volume&quot;, &quot;Substance density&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Valency[/red] is correct because crossing the [blue]valency[/blue] of component atoms allows determination of the chemical formula.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ویلسی (Valency)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایٹموں کی [blue]ویلسی[/blue] کو استعمال کر کے کیمیائی فارمولا معلوم کیا جا سکتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the mutual force of attraction that causes atoms to come together in a specific pattern to form a compound called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایٹموں کے مابین باہمی کشش کی وہ قوت جو انہیں ایک خاص ترتیب میں جوڑ کر مرکب بناتی ہے، کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Nuclear decay&quot;, &quot;Chemical bond&quot;, &quot;Dry sublimation&quot;, &quot;Freezing point&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Chemical bond[/red] is correct because the mutual force binding atoms in a specific pattern is a [blue]chemical bond[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیمیائی بانڈ (Chemical bond)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایٹموں کو مخصوص ترتیب میں جوڑنے والی باہمی کشش [blue]کیمیائی بانڈ[/blue] کہلاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Exercise&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The valency of Nitrogen is 3 and Hydrogen is 1. What is the chemical formula of Ammonia?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نائٹروجن کی ویلسی 3 اور ہائیڈروجن کی ویلسی 1 ہے۔ امونیا کا کیمیائی فارمولا کیا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;NH&quot;, &quot;NH₃&quot;, &quot;NH₄&quot;, &quot;N₃H&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]NH₃[/red] is correct because crossing the valencies of Nitrogen (3) and Hydrogen (1) yields [blue]NH₃[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]NH₃[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نائٹروجن (3) اور ہائیڈروجن (1) کی ویلسیوں کے کراس سے فارمولا [blue]NH₃[/blue] بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;During the formation of chemical bonds, metals tend to:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیمیائی بانڈ بننے کے دوران، دھاتیں (metals) کیا کرنے کا رجحان رکھتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Gain electrons&quot;, &quot;Lose electrons&quot;, &quot;Gain protons&quot;, &quot;Lose neutrons from the nucleus&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Lose electrons[/red] is correct because metals readily [blue]lose electrons[/blue] to form positive cations.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]الیکٹران خارج کرنے کا (Lose electrons)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ دھاتیں مثبت آئن بنانے کے لیے [blue]الیکٹران خارج کرنے[/blue] کا رجحان رکھتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Electrostatic attraction in chemical bonding occurs between:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیمیائی ملاپ میں الیکٹرو اسٹیٹک کشش (electrostatic attraction) کن کے مابین پیدا ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Two neutral atoms&quot;, &quot;Ions of opposite charges&quot;, &quot;Ions of similar charges&quot;, &quot;Two neutral molecules&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Ions of opposite charges[/red] is correct because electrostatic attraction binds together [blue]ions of opposite charges (cations and anions)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مخالف چارجز والے آئنوں کے درمیان[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ الیکٹرو اسٹیٹک کشش [blue]مخالف چارج والے آئنوں[/blue] کے مابین وجود میں آتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The electrons that are actively involved in chemical bonding are located in:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیمیائی بانڈ بنانے میں حصہ لینے والے الیکٹران ایٹم کے کس حصے میں پائے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Closest to the nucleus&quot;, &quot;Inside the nucleus&quot;, &quot;In the outermost shell&quot;, &quot;In the innermost shell&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]In the outermost shell[/red] is correct because only electrons situated in the [blue]outermost shell[/blue] engage in bonding.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سب سے بیرونی شیل میں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کیمیائی بانڈ میں صرف [blue]سب سے بیرونی شیل کے الیکٹران[/blue] حصہ لیتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;An atom that has 6 out of 8 electrons in its outermost shell will:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک ایٹم جس کے بیرونی شیل میں 8 میں سے 6 الیکٹران ہوں، وہ اپنا شیل مکمل کرنے کے لیے کیا کرے گا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Give up 2 electrons&quot;, &quot;Gain 2 electrons&quot;, &quot;Give up 6 electrons&quot;, &quot;Remain stable and not react&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Gain 2 electrons[/red] is correct because it needs to [blue]gain 2 electrons[/blue] to complete its stable octet of 8.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]2 الیکٹران حاصل کرے گا[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 8 کا آکٹیٹ مکمل کرنے کے لیے وہ باہر سے [blue]2 الیکٹران حاصل[/blue] کرے گا۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A negative ion (anion) is formed when an atom has:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک منفی آئن (anion) اس وقت بنتا ہے جب کوئی ایٹم:&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Gained a proton in the nucleus&quot;, &quot;Gained an electron&quot;, &quot;Lost a proton&quot;, &quot;Lost an electron&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Gained an electron[/red] is correct because an anion results when an atom has [blue]gained one or more electrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]الیکٹران حاصل کیا ہو[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جب کوئی ایٹم باہر سے [blue]الیکٹران حاصل[/blue] کرتا ہے تو اس پر منفی چارج (این آئن) آتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Aluminum oxide is formed from Al³⁺ and O²⁻ ions. What is the chemical formula of Aluminum Oxide?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایلومینیم آکسائیڈ ایلومینیم آئن (Al³⁺) اور آکسائیڈ آئن (O²⁻) کے ملاپ سے بنتا ہے۔ اس کا کیمیائی فارمولا کیا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;AlO&quot;, &quot;Al₂O₃&quot;, &quot;Al₃O₂&quot;, &quot;Al₂O₄&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Al₂O₃[/red] is correct because crossing the charges of Al³⁺ and O²⁻ yields [blue]Al₂O₃[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]Al₂O₃[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ Al³⁺ اور O²⁻ کے چارجز کے تبادلے سے ایلومینیم آکسائیڈ کا فارمولا [blue]Al₂O₃[/blue] بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The atomic number of a Hydrogen atom is 1. How many valence electrons does it have?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہائیڈروجن کا اٹامک نمبر 1 ہے۔ ہائیڈروجن ایٹم میں ویلنس الیکٹرانز (valence electrons) کی تعداد کتنی ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;0&quot;, &quot;1&quot;, &quot;2&quot;, &quot;3&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]1[/red] is correct because having an atomic number of 1 means Hydrogen possesses exactly [blue]1 valence electron[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]1[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہائیڈروجن کا اٹامک نمبر 1 ہے اس لیے اس کے آخری مدار میں [blue]1 ویلنس الیکٹران[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;During chemical bonding, the elements of Group II tend to lose:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیمیائی ملاپ کے دوران، گروپ II کے عناصر عام طور پر کتنے الیکٹران خارج کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;One electron&quot;, &quot;Two electrons&quot;, &quot;Three electrons&quot;, &quot;They do not lose electrons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Two electrons[/red] is correct because Group II elements have 2 valence electrons and tend to [blue]lose 2 electrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]دو الیکٹران (Two electrons)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گروپ II کے عناصر بانڈنگ کے دوران اپنے [blue]2 الیکٹران خارج[/blue] کرتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A chemical formula is used to describe the types of:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک کیمیائی فارمولا کسی مرکب یا مالیکیول میں موجود کس چیز کی وضاحت کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Ions and their numbers&quot;, &quot;Atoms and their numbers&quot;, &quot;Molecules and their numbers&quot;, &quot;Protons and their numbers&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Atoms and their numbers[/red] is correct because a chemical formula specifies the exact [blue]types of atoms and their numbers[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایٹموں کی اقسام اور ان کی تعداد[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کیمیائی فارمولا مالیکیول میں موجود [blue]ایٹموں کی اقسام اور تعداد[/blue] کی وضاحت کرتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  }
                    ];

       
        // Configuration 
        const config = {
            headerImageUrl: &quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC4Tzi6JJB86jptcRaL0PHUbhfwsse1ciQDkzbTAMSdvfWjMBkYxSETrG90_ylcS3RtALq1bF8lq1ODQUOPdtNNdV8MdKIGS3IszUeqyM0NmawEWHeXyckn2Vf1su7Djbtt1lyTSFhQKep3ZHa6PYlXFXi5QcIPX0Dr0CAL4zWsMY6Dk-PMiTDyU9OVw/s1600/7th%20Class%20General%20Science%20Unit%206%20image.jpg&quot;,
            questionsPerPage: 10,
            
            // YAHAN AAP KA SPECIFIC BACKGROUND LINK LAGA DIYA HAI
            pdfBackgroundUrl: &quot;https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D22AQEeipTaShU2pg/feedshare-shrink_800/B4DZr3lbg8J4Ag-/0/1765090376076?e=1766620800&amp;v=beta&amp;t=jhdnVgeSHW5QsvbAbK719ygBmv_7sP76YE5CybbpcgY&quot;,
            
            shareImage: {
                width: 1200,
                height: 630,
                backgroundGradient: [&#39;#1e3c72&#39;, &#39;#2a5298&#39;],
                textColor: &#39;#ffffff&#39;,
                optionTextColor: &#39;#333333&#39;,
                correctAnswerColor: &#39;#28a745&#39;,
                borderRadius: 20,
                padding: 40,
                questionFontSize: 36,
                urduFontSize: 32,
                optionFontSize: 28,
                noticeFontSize: 24,
                correctAnswerFontSize: 28,
                overlayOpacity: 0.7
            }
        };

       

        let answersShown = false;
        let selectedOptions = {};
        let currentPage = 1;
        let speechSynthesis = window.speechSynthesis;
        let contentExpanded = false;
        let contentInUrdu = false;
        
        function getCurrentPageFromURL() {
            const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
            const page = parseInt(urlParams.get(&#39;page&#39;));
            return isNaN(page) || page &lt; 1 ? 1 : Math.min(page, Math.ceil(questions.length / config.questionsPerPage));
        }

        function updateURL(page) {
            const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
            urlParams.set(&#39;page&#39;, page);
            const newUrl = window.location.pathname + &#39;?&#39; + urlParams.toString();
            window.history.pushState({ path: newUrl }, &#39;&#39;, newUrl);
        }

        function parseHighlightedText(text) {
            text = text.replace(/\[red\](.*?)\[\/red\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-red&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            text = text.replace(/\[blue\](.*?)\[\/blue\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-blue&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            text = text.replace(/\[green\](.*?)\[\/green\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-green&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            text = text.replace(/\[yellow\](.*?)\[\/yellow\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-yellow&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            text = text.replace(/\[purple\](.*?)\[\/purple\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-purple&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            return text;
        }

        // =========================================================
        // ============ TOC / SCROLL LOGIC START ===================
        // =========================================================
        function generateTOC() {
            const tocContainer = document.getElementById(&#39;toc-container&#39;);
            const tocList = document.getElementById(&#39;toc-list&#39;);
            tocList.innerHTML = &#39;&#39;;
            let hasTopics = false;
            let topicCount = 0; // Added for counting headings

            questions.forEach((q, index) =&gt; {
                if (q.topicHeading) {
                    hasTopics = true;
                    topicCount++;
                    const li = document.createElement(&#39;li&#39;);
                    li.className = &#39;toc-item&#39;;
                    li.textContent = q.topicHeading;
                    li.onclick = () =&gt; scrollToTopic(index);
                    
                    // Hide headings after the 6th one
                    if (topicCount &gt; 6) {
                        li.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                        li.classList.add(&#39;hidden-toc-item&#39;);
                    }
                    
                    tocList.appendChild(li);
                }
            });

            // Remove existing button if any
            const existingBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;toc-see-more-btn-container&#39;);
            if (existingBtn) existingBtn.remove();

            // Add &#39;See More&#39; button if there are more than 6 topics
            if (topicCount &gt; 6) {
                const btnContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                btnContainer.id = &#39;toc-see-more-btn-container&#39;;
                btnContainer.style.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                btnContainer.style.marginTop = &#39;20px&#39;;
                btnContainer.style.gridColumn = &#39;1 / -1&#39;; // To span full width if in grid

                const seeMoreBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                seeMoreBtn.className = &#39;btn btn-primary&#39;;
                seeMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;See More Headings&#39;;
                seeMoreBtn.onclick = function() {
                    const hiddenItems = tocList.querySelectorAll(&#39;.hidden-toc-item&#39;);
                    hiddenItems.forEach(item =&gt; {
                        item.style.display = &#39;flex&#39;; // Restoring original flex display
                    });
                    btnContainer.style.display = &#39;none&#39;; // Hide button after clicking
                };

                btnContainer.appendChild(seeMoreBtn);
                tocContainer.appendChild(btnContainer);
            }

            if (hasTopics) {
                tocContainer.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
            }
        }

        function scrollToTopic(questionIndex) {
            const targetPage = Math.floor(questionIndex / config.questionsPerPage) + 1;
            
            if (targetPage === currentPage) {
                executeScrollHighlight(questionIndex);
            } else {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + `?page=${targetPage}&amp;scrollTo=${questionIndex}`;
            }
        }

        function executeScrollHighlight(index) {
            const element = document.getElementById(`q-card-${index}`);
            const headingElement = document.getElementById(`heading-for-${index}`);
            
            const targetElement = headingElement || element;
            
            if (targetElement) {
                targetElement.scrollIntoView({ behavior: &#39;smooth&#39;, block: &#39;center&#39; });
                if(element) {
                    element.classList.add(&#39;highlight-scroll&#39;);
                    setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                        element.classList.remove(&#39;highlight-scroll&#39;);
                    }, 2500); 
                }
            }
        }

        function checkScrollOnLoad() {
            const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
            const scrollToIdx = urlParams.get(&#39;scrollTo&#39;);
            
            if (scrollToIdx !== null) {
                setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                    executeScrollHighlight(parseInt(scrollToIdx));
                    const newUrl = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + currentPage;
                    window.history.replaceState({}, &#39;&#39;, newUrl);
                }, 800);
            }
        }
        // =========================================================
        // ============ TOC / SCROLL LOGIC END =====================
        // =========================================================


        function loadQuestions(page = 1) {
            currentPage = page;
            updateURL(page);
            const quizContainer = document.getElementById(&#39;quiz-container&#39;);
            quizContainer.innerHTML = &#39;&#39;;
            
            const startIndex = (page - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const q = questions[i];

                // TOC: Add Topic Heading if exists
                if (q.topicHeading) {
                    const headingDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    headingDiv.className = &#39;in-quiz-topic-heading&#39;;
                    headingDiv.id = `heading-for-${i}`; 
                    headingDiv.textContent = q.topicHeading;
                    quizContainer.appendChild(headingDiv);
                }

                const questionElement = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                questionElement.className = &#39;question-card&#39;;
                questionElement.id = `q-card-${i}`; // TOC: Add ID for scrolling

                // CHECK FOR IMPORTANT QUESTION
                if (q.isImportant) {
                    questionElement.classList.add(&#39;important-question&#39;);
                    // Add Badge with Star Icon
                    const badge = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    badge.className = &#39;important-badge&#39;;
                    
                    // Star Icon URL (CDN)
                    const starIconURL = &quot;https://cdn-icons-png.flaticon.com/512/1828/1828884.png&quot;;
                    
                    // Using Image tag instead of &lt;i&gt; tag
                    badge.innerHTML = `&lt;img src=&quot;${starIconURL}&quot; style=&quot;width: 14px; height: 14px; margin-right: 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt; Important`;
                    
                    questionElement.appendChild(badge);
                }
                
                const questionTextContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                questionTextContainer.onclick = function() {
                    if (q.questionLink) {
                        window.location.href = q.questionLink;
                    }
                };
                
                const questionNumber = i + 1;

                questionTextContainer.innerHTML = `
                  &lt;span class=&quot;question-text&quot;&gt;${questionNumber}. ${q.question}&lt;/span&gt;
                  &lt;span class=&quot;urdu-text&quot;&gt;${q.urdu}&lt;/span&gt;
                `;
                questionElement.appendChild(questionTextContainer);

                if (q.ttsEnabled) {
                    const ttsButton = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                    ttsButton.className = &#39;tts-btn&#39;;
                    ttsButton.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.sound}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Listen Question&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    ttsButton.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                        e.stopPropagation();
                        speakQuestion(q);
                    };
                    questionElement.appendChild(ttsButton);
                }

                const optionsDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                optionsDiv.className = &#39;options&#39;;
                optionsDiv.id = `options-${i}`;
                q.options.forEach((option, j) =&gt; {
                    const optionDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    optionDiv.className = &#39;option&#39;;
                    optionDiv.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                        e.stopPropagation();
                        selectOption(optionDiv, String.fromCharCode(65 + j), i);
                    };
                    optionDiv.innerHTML = `&lt;span class=&quot;option-letter&quot;&gt;${String.fromCharCode(65 + j)}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;option-text&quot;&gt;${option}&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    optionsDiv.appendChild(optionDiv);
                });
                questionElement.appendChild(optionsDiv);

                if (q.showSocialShare) {
                    const shareButtons = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    shareButtons.className = &#39;share-buttons&#39;;
                    
                    const whatsappBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                    whatsappBtn.className = &#39;share-btn whatsapp-btn&#39;;
                    whatsappBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.whatsapp}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Share via WhatsApp&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    whatsappBtn.onclick = () =&gt; shareQuestionWithImage(i, &#39;whatsapp&#39;);
                    shareButtons.appendChild(whatsappBtn);
                    
                    const copyLinkBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                    copyLinkBtn.className = &#39;share-btn copy-link-btn&#39;;
                    copyLinkBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.link}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Copy Link&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    copyLinkBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                        const link = q.questionLink || window.location.href;
                        navigator.clipboard.writeText(link).then(() =&gt; {
                            copyLinkBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.link}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Copied!&lt;/span&gt;`;
                            copyLinkBtn.classList.add(&#39;copied&#39;);
                            setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                                copyLinkBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.link}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Copy Link&lt;/span&gt;`;
                                copyLinkBtn.classList.remove(&#39;copied&#39;);
                            }, 2000);
                        });
                    };
                    shareButtons.appendChild(copyLinkBtn);
                    
                    questionElement.appendChild(shareButtons);
                }

                const explanationBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                explanationBtn.className = &#39;explanation-btn&#39;;
                explanationBtn.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                    e.stopPropagation();
                    toggleExplanation(i);
                };
                explanationBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&lt;span&gt;اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں&lt;/span&gt;&#39;;
                
                // START: *** NEW LAYOUT LOGIC ***
                // Create a container for the action buttons
                const actionsContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                actionsContainer.className = &#39;question-actions&#39;;

                // Add the explanation button to the container
                actionsContainer.appendChild(explanationBtn);

                // Add the MODERN comment icon to the container
                if (q.questionLink) {
                    const commentLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    commentLink.href = q.questionLink;
                    commentLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    commentLink.className = &#39;modern-comment-link&#39;;
                    const commentSVG = `&lt;svg viewBox=&quot;0 0 24 24&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M21.99 4c0-1.1-.89-2-1.99-2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14l4 4-.01-18zM18 14H6v-2h12v2zm0-3H6V9h12v2zm0-3H6V6h12v2z&quot;/&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;`;
                    commentLink.innerHTML = `&lt;span class=&quot;comment-count&quot;&gt;(Comments)&lt;/span&gt; ${commentSVG}`;
                    actionsContainer.appendChild(commentLink);
                }

                // Add the actions container to the main question element
                questionElement.appendChild(actionsContainer);
                // END: *** NEW LAYOUT LOGIC ***


                const explanationDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationDiv.className = &#39;explanation&#39;;
                explanationDiv.id = `explanation-${i}`;
                
                const translateBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                translateBtn.className = &#39;translate-btn&#39;;
                translateBtn.innerHTML = &#39;Translate in Urdu&#39;;
                translateBtn.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                    e.stopPropagation();
                    toggleExplanationTranslation(i);
                };
                explanationDiv.appendChild(translateBtn);
                
                const explanationText = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationText.innerHTML = parseHighlightedText(q.explanation.replace(/\n/g, &#39;&lt;br&gt;&#39;));
                explanationDiv.appendChild(explanationText);
                
                const explanationUrduDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationUrduDiv.className = &#39;explanation-urdu&#39;;
                explanationUrduDiv.innerHTML = parseHighlightedText(q.explanationUrdu.replace(/\n/g, &#39;&lt;br&gt;&#39;));
                explanationDiv.appendChild(explanationUrduDiv);
                
                if (q.explanationImage) {
                    const imgContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    imgContainer.style.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                    const imgLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    imgLink.href = q.explanationImageLink || &#39;#&#39;;
                    imgLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    const img = document.createElement(&#39;img&#39;);
                    img.src = q.explanationImage;
                    img.alt = q.explanationImageAlt || &#39;Explanation Image&#39;;
                    img.className = &#39;explanation-image&#39;;
                    imgLink.appendChild(img);
                    imgContainer.appendChild(imgLink);
                    if (q.explanationImageCaption) {
                        const caption = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        caption.className = &#39;question-image-caption&#39;;
                        caption.textContent = q.explanationImageCaption;
                        imgContainer.appendChild(caption);
                    }
                    explanationDiv.appendChild(imgContainer);
                }
                
                questionElement.appendChild(explanationDiv);

                quizContainer.appendChild(questionElement);

                /* ==========================================
   PAKMCQs CONTROLLED MID-QUIZ ADS
   ========================================== */

if ((i + 1) === 3 &amp;&amp; i &lt; endIndex - 1) {
    const adContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);

    adContainer.className = &#39;p-mcqs-quiz-ad&#39;;

    adContainer.innerHTML = `
        &lt;ins class=&quot;adsbygoogle&quot;
             style=&quot;display:block&quot;
             data-ad-client=&quot;ca-pub-4073269280727447&quot;
             data-ad-slot=&quot;5355688513&quot;
             data-ad-format=&quot;auto&quot;
             data-full-width-responsive=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;
    `;

    quizContainer.appendChild(adContainer);
}

if ((i + 1) === 6 &amp;&amp; i &lt; endIndex - 1) {
    const adContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);

    adContainer.className = &#39;p-mcqs-quiz-ad&#39;;

    adContainer.innerHTML = `
        &lt;ins class=&quot;adsbygoogle&quot;
             style=&quot;display:block&quot;
             data-ad-client=&quot;ca-pub-4073269280727447&quot;
             data-ad-slot=&quot;5355688513&quot;
             data-ad-format=&quot;auto&quot;
             data-full-width-responsive=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;
    `;

    quizContainer.appendChild(adContainer);
}


                if (q.ProTips) {
                    const tipsElement = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    tipsElement.className = &#39;tips-section&#39;;
                    tipsElement.innerHTML = q.ProTips;
                    quizContainer.appendChild(tipsElement);
                }

                if (q.imageAfter) {
                    const imageContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    imageContainer.className = &#39;question-image&#39;;
                    const imageLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    imageLink.href = q.imageAfter.link;
                    imageLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    const image = document.createElement(&#39;img&#39;);
                    image.src = q.imageAfter.url;
                    image.alt = q.imageAfter.alt || &#39;Question related image&#39;;
                    imageLink.appendChild(image);
                    imageContainer.appendChild(imageLink);
                    if (q.imageAfter.caption) {
                        const caption = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        caption.className = &#39;question-image-caption&#39;;
                        caption.textContent = q.imageAfter.caption;
                        imageContainer.appendChild(caption);
                    }
                    quizContainer.appendChild(imageContainer);
                }


                if (i &lt; endIndex - 1) {
                    const isAdNext = ((i + 1) % 3 === 0 &amp;&amp; i &lt; questions.length - 1);
                    if (!isAdNext) {
                        const divider = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        divider.className = &#39;divider&#39;;
                        quizContainer.appendChild(divider);
                    }
                }
            }

            if (answersShown) {
                showAllAnswers();
            } else {
                hideAllAnswers();
            }
            
            updatePagination();
loadQuizAds();
          
        }

        function toggleExplanationTranslation(questionIndex) {
            const explanationDiv = document.getElementById(`explanation-${questionIndex}`);
            const englishExplanation = explanationDiv.querySelector(&#39;div:not(.explanation-urdu)&#39;);
            const urduExplanation = explanationDiv.querySelector(&#39;.explanation-urdu&#39;);
            
            if (englishExplanation.style.display !== &#39;none&#39;) {
                englishExplanation.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                urduExplanation.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
            } else {
                englishExplanation.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                urduExplanation.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
            }
        }

        function speakQuestion(question) {
            if (speechSynthesis.speaking) {
                speechSynthesis.cancel();
            }
            
            const questionUtterance = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(`Question: ${question.question.replace(&#39;?&#39;, &#39;.&#39;)}`);
            questionUtterance.lang = &#39;en-US&#39;;
            questionUtterance.rate = 0.7;
            questionUtterance.pitch = 0.8;
            
            let optionsText = &#39;Options: &#39;;
            question.options.forEach((option, index) =&gt; {
                optionsText += `${String.fromCharCode(65 + index)}... ${option}. `;
            });
            const optionsUtterance = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(optionsText);
            optionsUtterance.lang = &#39;en-US&#39;;
            optionsUtterance.rate = 0.7;
            optionsUtterance.pitch = 0.8;
            
            speechSynthesis.speak(questionUtterance);
            questionUtterance.onend = function() {
                speechSynthesis.speak(optionsUtterance);
            };
        }

        function updatePagination() {
            const pagination = document.getElementById(&#39;pagination&#39;);
            pagination.innerHTML = &#39;&#39;;
            
            const totalPages = Math.ceil(questions.length / config.questionsPerPage);
            
            if (totalPages &lt;= 1) return;
            
            const firstBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            firstBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            firstBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;laquo; First&#39;;
            firstBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=1&#39;;
            };
            if (currentPage === 1) firstBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(firstBtn);
            
            const prevBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            prevBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            prevBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;lsaquo;&#39;;
            prevBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + (currentPage - 1);
            };
            if (currentPage === 1) prevBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(prevBtn);
            
            if (currentPage &gt; 2) {
                const firstPageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                firstPageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                firstPageBtn.textContent = &#39;1&#39;;
                if (1 === currentPage) firstPageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                firstPageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=1&#39;;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(firstPageBtn);
                
                if (currentPage &gt; 3) {
                    const ellipsis1 = document.createElement(&#39;span&#39;);
                    ellipsis1.className = &#39;page-ellipsis&#39;;
                    ellipsis1.textContent = &#39;...&#39;;
                    pagination.appendChild(ellipsis1);
                }
            }
            
            const startPage = Math.max(2, currentPage - 1);
            const endPage = Math.min(totalPages - 1, currentPage + 1);
            
            for (let i = startPage; i &lt;= endPage; i++) {
                const pageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                pageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                pageBtn.textContent = i;
                if (i === currentPage) pageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                pageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + i;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(pageBtn);
            }
            
            if (currentPage &lt; totalPages - 1) {
                if (currentPage &lt; totalPages - 2) {
                    const ellipsis2 = document.createElement(&#39;span&#39;);
                    ellipsis2.className = &#39;page-ellipsis&#39;;
                    ellipsis2.textContent = &#39;...&#39;;
                    pagination.appendChild(ellipsis2);
                }
                
                const lastPageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                lastPageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                lastPageBtn.textContent = totalPages;
                if (totalPages === currentPage) lastPageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                lastPageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + totalPages;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(lastPageBtn);
            }
            
            const nextBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            nextBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            nextBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;rsaquo;&#39;;
            nextBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + (currentPage + 1);
            };
            if (currentPage === totalPages) nextBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(nextBtn);
            
            const lastBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            lastBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            lastBtn.innerHTML = &#39;Last &amp;raquo;&#39;;
            lastBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + totalPages;
            };
            if (currentPage === totalPages) lastBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(lastBtn);
            
            const searchDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
            searchDiv.className = &#39;page-search&#39;;
            searchDiv.innerHTML = `
                &lt;input type=&quot;number&quot; id=&quot;pageInput&quot; min=&quot;1&quot; max=&quot;${totalPages}&quot; placeholder=&quot;Enter Page Number&quot;&gt;
                &lt;button onclick=&quot;goToPageWithReload()&quot;&gt;Go&lt;/button&gt;
            `;
            pagination.appendChild(searchDiv);
        }
        
        function goToPageWithReload() {
            const pageInput = document.getElementById(&#39;pageInput&#39;);
            const pageNum = parseInt(pageInput.value);
            const totalPages = Math.ceil(questions.length / config.questionsPerPage);
            
            if (pageNum &gt;= 1 &amp;&amp; pageNum &lt;= totalPages) {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + pageNum;
            } else {
                alert(`Please enter a page number between 1 and ${totalPages}`);
            }
        }

        function selectOption(optionElement, selectedAnswer, questionIndex) {
            const question = questions[questionIndex];
            const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${questionIndex} .option`);
            options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;none&#39;;
            });
            selectedOptions[questionIndex] = selectedAnswer;
            const correctOptionIndex = question.correctAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
            options[correctOptionIndex].classList.add(&#39;correct&#39;);
            if (selectedAnswer !== question.correctAnswer) {
                const selectedIndex = selectedAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                options[selectedIndex].classList.add(&#39;incorrect&#39;);
            }
        }

        function toggleExplanation(questionIndex) {
            const explanationElement = document.getElementById(`explanation-${questionIndex}`);
            explanationElement.style.display = explanationElement.style.display === &#39;block&#39; ? &#39;none&#39; : &#39;block&#39;;
        }

        function toggleFAQ(faqQuestion) {
            faqQuestion.classList.toggle(&#39;active&#39;);
            const answer = faqQuestion.nextElementSibling;
            answer.style.display = answer.style.display === &#39;block&#39; ? &#39;none&#39; : &#39;block&#39;;
            
            const toggleIcon = faqQuestion.querySelector(&#39;.faq-toggle&#39;);
            toggleIcon.classList.toggle(&#39;rotated&#39;);
        }

        function toggleAllAnswers() {
            answersShown = !answersShown;
            const btn = document.getElementById(&#39;toggleAnswersBtn&#39;);
            if (answersShown) {
                btn.textContent = &#39;Hide All Answers&#39;;
                showAllAnswers();
            } else {
                btn.textContent = &#39;Show All Answers&#39;;
                hideAllAnswers();
            }
        }

        function showAllAnswers() {
            const startIndex = (currentPage - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const q = questions[i];
                const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${i} .option`);
                if (options.length &gt; 0) {
                    const correctOptionIndex = q.correctAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                    options[correctOptionIndex].classList.add(&#39;correct&#39;);
                    if (selectedOptions.hasOwnProperty(i) &amp;&amp; selectedOptions[i] !== q.correctAnswer) {
                        const selectedIndex = selectedOptions[i].charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                        options[selectedIndex].classList.add(&#39;incorrect&#39;);
                    }
                    options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                        opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;none&#39;;
                    });
                }
            }
        }

        function hideAllAnswers() {
            const startIndex = (currentPage - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${i} .option`);
                options.forEach(option =&gt; {
                    option.classList.remove(&#39;correct&#39;, &#39;incorrect&#39;);
                });
                options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                    opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;auto&#39;;
                });
            }
            selectedOptions = {};
        }

        function resetQuiz() {
            selectedOptions = {};
            answersShown = false;
            document.getElementById(&#39;toggleAnswersBtn&#39;).textContent = &#39;Show All Answers&#39;;
            loadQuestions(currentPage);
        }

        function changeHeaderImage(imageUrl) {
            document.getElementById(&#39;headerImage&#39;).src = imageUrl;
        }
        
        function toggleContentExpansion() {
            const contentPreview = document.getElementById(&#39;contentPreview&#39;);
            const readMoreBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;readMoreBtn&#39;);
            contentExpanded = !contentExpanded;
            
            if (contentExpanded) {
                contentPreview.classList.add(&#39;expanded&#39;);
                readMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;Read Less&#39;;
            } else {
                contentPreview.classList.remove(&#39;expanded&#39;);
                readMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;Read More&#39;;
            }
        }

        function toggleContentLanguage() {
            const englishContent = document.querySelector(&#39;.english-content&#39;);
            const urduContent = document.querySelector(&#39;.urdu-content&#39;);
            const translateBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;contentTranslateBtn&#39;);
            contentInUrdu = !contentInUrdu;
            
            if (contentInUrdu) {
                englishContent.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                urduContent.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                translateBtn.textContent = &#39;Translate to English&#39;;
            } else {
                englishContent.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                urduContent.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                translateBtn.textContent = &#39;Translate to Urdu&#39;;
            }
        }

        async function createShareImage(questionIndex) {
            return new Promise((resolve) =&gt; {
                const q = questions[questionIndex];
                const canvas = document.getElementById(&#39;shareCanvas&#39;);
                const ctx = canvas.getContext(&#39;2d&#39;);
                
                ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                
                if (q.backgroundImage) {
                    const img = new Image();
                    img.crossOrigin = &quot;Anonymous&quot;;
                    img.onload = function() {
                        ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                        ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)&#39;;
                        ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                        drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                        convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                    };
                    img.onerror = function() {
                        console.log(&quot;Background image failed to load, using gradient fallback&quot;);
                        drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas);
                        drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                        convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                    };
                    img.src = q.backgroundImage + (q.backgroundImage.includes(&#39;?&#39;) ? &#39;&amp;&#39; : &#39;?&#39;) + &#39;t=&#39; + Date.now();
                } else {
                    drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas);
                    drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                    convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                }
            });
        }

        function drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas) {
            const gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
            gradient.addColorStop(0, &#39;#1e3c72&#39;);
            gradient.addColorStop(1, &#39;#2a5298&#39;);
            ctx.fillStyle = gradient;
            ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05)&#39;;
            for (let i = 0; i &lt; 5; i++) {
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(Math.random() * canvas.width, Math.random() * canvas.height, Math.random() * 300 + 100, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.fill();
            }
        }

        function drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex) {
            const questionNumber = questionIndex + 1;
            const questionText = `${questionNumber}. ${q.question}`;
            const urduText = `${q.urdu.replace(&#39;؟&#39;, &#39;&#39;).replace(&#39;?&#39;, &#39;&#39;)}`;
            
            ctx.save();
            ctx.beginPath();
            ctx.roundRect(40, 40, canvas.width - 80, canvas.height - 80, 20);
            ctx.clip();
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)&#39;;
            ctx.fillRect(40, 40, canvas.width - 80, canvas.height - 80);
            ctx.strokeStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3)&#39;;
            ctx.lineWidth = 2;
            ctx.stroke();
            ctx.restore();
            
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            ctx.font = &#39;bold 36px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            const questionLines = wrapText(ctx, questionText, canvas.width - 160, 36);
            let yPos = 80 + 36;
            
            questionLines.forEach(line =&gt; {
                ctx.fillText(line, 80, yPos);
                yPos += 36 + 10;
            });
            
            ctx.font = &#39;32px &quot;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&quot;, serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;right&#39;;
            const urduLines = wrapText(ctx, urduText, canvas.width - 160, 32);
            urduLines.forEach(line =&gt; {
                ctx.fillText(line, canvas.width - 80, yPos);
                yPos += 32 + 10;
            });
            
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            yPos += 20;
            
            ctx.font = &#39;italic 24px &quot;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&quot;, serif&#39;;
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;right&#39;;
            ctx.fillText(&quot;چار آپشن میں سے کسی پر بھی کلک کرنے سے جواب سبز ہو جائے گا&quot;, canvas.width - 80, yPos);
            yPos += 24 + 30;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            
            ctx.font = &#39;28px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            
            q.options.forEach((option, index) =&gt; {
                const optionLetter = String.fromCharCode(65 + index);
                const isCorrect = optionLetter === q.correctAnswer;
                
                ctx.save();
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.roundRect(80, yPos - 10, canvas.width - 160, 28 + 20, 10);
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.2)&#39; : &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)&#39;;
                ctx.fill();
                ctx.strokeStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3)&#39;;
                ctx.lineWidth = 1;
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.restore();
                
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(80 + 25, yPos + 28 / 2, 28 * 0.8, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;#3498db&#39;;
                ctx.fill();
                
                ctx.fillStyle = &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
                ctx.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                ctx.fillText(optionLetter, 80 + 25, yPos + 28 / 2 + 28 * 0.3);
                
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
                ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
                ctx.fillText(`${optionLetter}) ${option}`, 80 + 60, yPos + 28 * 0.8);
                
                yPos += 28 + 30;
            });
            
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7)&#39;;
            ctx.font = &#39;italic 20px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
            ctx.fillText(&quot;Study For More PAKMCQs.ORG&quot;, canvas.width / 2, canvas.height - 40);
        }

        function convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve) {
            canvas.toBlob((blob) =&gt; {
                const imageUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
                resolve(imageUrl);
            }, &#39;image/png&#39;, 1.0);
        }

        function wrapText(context, text, maxWidth, fontSize) {
            const words = text.split(&#39; &#39;);
            const lines = [];
            let currentLine = words[0];
            for (let i = 1; i &lt; words.length; i++) {
                const word = words[i];
                const width = context.measureText(currentLine + &#39; &#39; + word).width;
                if (width &lt; maxWidth) {
                    currentLine += &#39; &#39; + word;
                } else {
                    lines.push(currentLine);
                    currentLine = word;
                }
            }
            lines.push(currentLine);
            return lines;
        }
        
        async function shareQuestionWithImage(questionIndex, platform) {
            try {
                const imageUrl = await createShareImage(questionIndex);
                const q = questions[questionIndex];
                const shareUrl = q.questionLink || window.location.href;
                const shareText = `${questionIndex + 1}. ${q.question}\n\n${q.urdu.replace(/#&amp;\d+/g, &#39;&#39;)}\n\nStudy more at: ${shareUrl}`;
                
                if (navigator.share) {
                    const response = await fetch(imageUrl);
                    const blob = await response.blob();
                    const file = new File([blob], &#39;question.png&#39;, { type: &#39;image/png&#39; });
                    
                    await navigator.share({
                        title: q.question,
                        text: shareText,
                        files: [file],
                        url: shareUrl
                    });
                } else {
                    if (platform === &#39;facebook&#39;) {
                        window.open(`https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=${encodeURIComponent(shareUrl)}`, &#39;_blank&#39;);
                    } else if (platform === &#39;twitter&#39;) {
                        const mockImageUrl = imageUrl;
                        window.open(`https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=${encodeURIComponent(shareText)}&amp;url=${encodeURIComponent(mockImageUrl)}`, &#39;_blank&#39;);
                    } else if (platform === &#39;whatsapp&#39;) {
                        const link = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                        link.href = `whatsapp://send?text=${encodeURIComponent(shareText)}`;
                        link.click();
                    }
                }
            } catch (err) {
                console.error(&#39;Error sharing:&#39;, err);
                alert(&#39;Sharing failed. Please try again or copy the link manually.&#39;);
            }
        }

        /* ========================================================= */
        /* ============ DYNAMIC PDF GENERATION LOGIC =============== */
        /* ========================================================= */
        
        async function generateDynamicPDF() {
            // Check if jsPDF is loaded
            if (!window.jspdf) {
                alert(&quot;PDF library is loading. Please wait a moment and try again.&quot;);
                return;
            }

            // --- UI: START LOADING &amp; SHOW PROGRESS BAR ---
            const btn = document.getElementById(&#39;generatePdfBtn&#39;);
            const btnText = btn.querySelector(&#39;.btn-text&#39;);
            const btnProgress = btn.querySelector(&#39;.progress-bar-fill&#39;);
            const originalText = &quot;Click here for Download PDF&quot;;
            
            btn.disabled = true; // Disable double clicks
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Initializing...&quot;;
            btnProgress.style.width = &quot;10%&quot;; // Start progress

            const { jsPDF } = window.jspdf;
            const doc = new jsPDF(&#39;p&#39;, &#39;mm&#39;, &#39;a4&#39;); // Portrait, Millimeters, A4
            
            // 1. Settings &amp; Dimensions
            const pageWidth = 210;
            const pageHeight = 297;
            const marginTop = 30;
            const marginBottom = 05;
            const marginLeft = 15;
            const marginRight = 15;
            const contentWidth = pageWidth - marginLeft - marginRight;
            
            let cursorY = marginTop;

            // 2. Filter Questions (pdf = true)
const pdfQuestions = questions.filter(q =&gt; 
    q.pdf === true || 
    (q.getAttribute &amp;&amp; q.getAttribute(&#39;data-pdf&#39;) === &quot;true&quot;)
);

            if (pdfQuestions.length === 0) {
                alert(&quot;No questions marked for PDF found.&quot;);
                // Reset Button
                btn.disabled = false;
                btnText.textContent = originalText;
                btnProgress.style.width = &quot;0%&quot;;
                return;
            }

            // --- UI: UPDATE STATUS ---
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Downloading Image...&quot;;
            btnProgress.style.width = &quot;30%&quot;;

            // 3. Load Background Image
            const bgUrl = config.pdfBackgroundUrl;
            let bgImage = null;
            try {
                bgImage = await loadImageAsBase64(bgUrl);
                // Image Loaded Success
                btnProgress.style.width = &quot;50%&quot;;
            } catch (e) {
                console.warn(&quot;Background image failed to load, generating PDF without it.&quot;);
            }

            // --- UI: UPDATE STATUS ---
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Generating Pages...&quot;;

            // Helper to Add a new page with background
            const addNewPage = () =&gt; {
                doc.addPage();
                if (bgImage) {
                    doc.addImage(bgImage, &#39;JPEG&#39;, 0, 0, pageWidth, pageHeight);
                }
                cursorY = marginTop; // Reset cursor to top margin
            };

            // Add background to the first page
            if (bgImage) {
                doc.addImage(bgImage, &#39;JPEG&#39;, 0, 0, pageWidth, pageHeight);
            }

            // 4. Iterate and Print Questions
            pdfQuestions.forEach((q, index) =&gt; {
                // --- A. CALCULATE HEIGHT REQUIRED ---
                
                // Question Text Height
                doc.setFontSize(12);
                doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;bold&quot;);
                const qTitle = `Q${index + 1}: ${q.question}`;
                const qTitleLines = doc.splitTextToSize(qTitle, contentWidth);
                const qTitleHeight = qTitleLines.length * 6; // Approx line height 6mm

                // Options Height
                doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;normal&quot;);
                doc.setFontSize(10);
                let optionsHeight = 0;
                const processedOptions = [];

                q.options.forEach((opt, idx) =&gt; {
                    const letter = String.fromCharCode(65 + idx);
                    const optText = `${letter}) ${opt}`;
                    const optLines = doc.splitTextToSize(optText, contentWidth - 5); // Indent slightly
                    const h = optLines.length * 5; // Approx line height 5mm
                    optionsHeight += h + 2; // +2mm padding between options
                    processedOptions.push({ lines: optLines, height: h });
                });

                const totalQuestionHeight = qTitleHeight + optionsHeight + 8; // +8mm padding after question

                // --- B. CHECK SPACE &amp; PAGE BREAK ---
                if (cursorY + totalQuestionHeight &gt; pageHeight - marginBottom) {
                    addNewPage();
                }

                // --- C. RENDER CONTENT ---
                
                // Render Question Title
                doc.setFontSize(12);
                doc.setTextColor(0, 0, 0);
                doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;bold&quot;);
                doc.text(qTitleLines, marginLeft, cursorY);
                cursorY += qTitleHeight + 2;

                // Render Options
                doc.setFontSize(10);
                doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;normal&quot;);
                
                processedOptions.forEach((pOpt, idx) =&gt; {
                     // Check if this is the correct answer to highlight (Optional visual cue)
                     const letter = String.fromCharCode(65 + idx);
                     if (letter === q.correctAnswer) {
                         doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;bold&quot;);
                         doc.setTextColor(0, 100, 0); // Green
                     } else {
                         doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;normal&quot;);
                         doc.setTextColor(0, 0, 0); // Black
                     }

                    doc.text(pOpt.lines, marginLeft + 5, cursorY);
                    cursorY += pOpt.height + 2;
                });

                // Reset color/font and add bottom padding
                doc.setTextColor(0, 0, 0);
                cursorY += 6; 
            });

            // --- UI: FINALIZING ---
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Saving PDF...&quot;;
            btnProgress.style.width = &quot;90%&quot;;

            // 5. Save File
            doc.save(&#39;PAKMCQs_Questions.pdf&#39;);

            // --- UI: COMPLETE &amp; RESET ---
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Downloaded!&quot;;
            btnProgress.style.width = &quot;100%&quot;;
            
            setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                btn.disabled = false;
                btnText.textContent = originalText;
                btnProgress.style.width = &quot;0%&quot;;
            }, 3000); // Reset after 3 seconds
        }

        // Helper to load image with CORS handling for Blogger Images
        function loadImageAsBase64(url) {
            return new Promise((resolve, reject) =&gt; {
                const img = new Image();
                
                // Ye line zaroori hai taake Google block na kare
                img.crossOrigin = &#39;Anonymous&#39;; 
                
                // URL ke aage time lagaya hai taake browser cache use na kare (Cache breaker)
                if (url.startsWith(&#39;http&#39;)) {
                    img.src = url + (url.includes(&#39;?&#39;) ? &#39;&amp;&#39; : &#39;?&#39;) + &#39;t=&#39; + new Date().getTime();
                } else {
                    img.src = url;
                }

                img.onload = () =&gt; {
                    const canvas = document.createElement(&#39;canvas&#39;);
                    canvas.width = img.width;
                    canvas.height = img.height;
                    const ctx = canvas.getContext(&#39;2d&#39;);
                    ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0);
                    try {
                        const dataURL = canvas.toDataURL(&#39;image/jpeg&#39;, 0.8); // High Quality JPG
                        resolve(dataURL);
                    } catch (e) {
                        console.error(&quot;CORS Error: Image load hui lekin export nahi ho saki.&quot;, e);
                        // Agar phir bhi fail ho jaye to bina image ke continue karega
                        reject(e);
                    }
                };
                
                img.onerror = (e) =&gt; {
                    console.error(&quot;Image Failed to Load from URL:&quot;, url);
                    reject(e);
                };
            });
        }

        /* ========================================================= */

        document.addEventListener(&#39;DOMContentLoaded&#39;, function () {
            generateTOC(); // TOC Generate karna
            currentPage = getCurrentPageFromURL();
            changeHeaderImage(config.headerImageUrl);
            loadQuestions(currentPage);
            checkScrollOnLoad(); // Scroll Check karna if redirected from another page

            document.getElementById(&#39;toggleAnswersBtn&#39;).addEventListener(&#39;click&#39;, toggleAllAnswers);
            document.getElementById(&#39;resetQuizBtn&#39;).addEventListener(&#39;click&#39;, resetQuiz);
            document.getElementById(&#39;readMoreBtn&#39;).addEventListener(&#39;click&#39;, toggleContentExpansion);
            document.getElementById(&#39;contentTranslateBtn&#39;).addEventListener(&#39;click&#39;, toggleContentLanguage);
            
            // === ATTACH PDF GENERATION EVENT ===
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&lt;/html&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/51255189599790045/posts/default/1277521587712742150'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/51255189599790045/posts/default/1277521587712742150'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://www.pakmcqs.org/2026/08/7th-Class-General-Science-Unit-6-Chemical-Bonds-MCQs-PakMCQs.html' title='7th Class General Science Unit 6 Chemical Bonds MCQs (کیمیائی بانڈز) | PAKMCQs'/><author><name>Mehtab Ahmad</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05636204994802332371</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC4Tzi6JJB86jptcRaL0PHUbhfwsse1ciQDkzbTAMSdvfWjMBkYxSETrG90_ylcS3RtALq1bF8lq1ODQUOPdtNNdV8MdKIGS3IszUeqyM0NmawEWHeXyckn2Vf1su7Djbtt1lyTSFhQKep3ZHa6PYlXFXi5QcIPX0Dr0CAL4zWsMY6Dk-PMiTDyU9OVw/s72-c/7th%20Class%20General%20Science%20Unit%206%20image.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51255189599790045.post-3364329144657901879</id><published>2026-08-26T09:55:00.000+05:00</published><updated>2026-08-26T09:55:00.226+05:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="7th Class General Science"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="7th Class General Science Unit 5"/><title type='text'>7th Class General Science Unit 5 Structure of an Atom MCQs (ایٹم کی ساخت) | PAKMCQs </title><content type='html'>&lt;html lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
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        /* 1. DEFAULT (DARK MODE) SETTINGS */
        /* Since your theme defaults to dark mode, we set Yellow/White here */
        
        .question-text {
            font-size: 1.1rem;
            font-weight: bold;
            color: #FFFF00 !important; /* Yellow for Dark Mode */
            margin-bottom: 10px;
            cursor: pointer;
            display: block;
        }
        
        .urdu-text {
            font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif;
            direction: rtl;
            text-align: right;
            display: block;
            font-size: 1.1rem;
            color: #ffffff !important; /* White for Dark Mode */
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            cursor: pointer;
            line-height: 1.8;
        }

        /* 2. LIGHT MODE OVERRIDES */
        /* These trigger when the body has &#39;light-theme&#39; class */
        
        body.light-theme .question-text {
            color: #006400 !important; /* Dark Green for Light Mode */
        }
        
        body.light-theme .urdu-text {
            color: #000000 !important; /* Black for Light Mode */
        }

        /* Global Selection Notice Box Fixes */
        
        /* Default Dark Mode Box */
        .global-selection-notice {
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.2);
            border: 1px solid #FFFF00;
            padding: 12px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            text-align: center;
            color: #ffffff !important; /* White text default */
        }
        .global-selection-notice .urdu-text {
             color: #ffffff !important;
        }

        /* Light Mode Box Override */
        body.light-theme .global-selection-notice {
            background-color: #fff3cd;
            border: 1px solid #ffeeba;
            color: #856404 !important;
        }
        body.light-theme .global-selection-notice .urdu-text {
             color: #856404 !important;
        }

        /* ======================================================== */
        /* ============ FIXED COLOR SETTINGS END ================== */
        /* ======================================================== */

        .options {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            gap: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 15px;
        }
        
        .option {
            padding: 12px 15px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1)); 
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            cursor: pointer;
            transition: var(--transition);
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            position: relative;
            background-color: var(--bg-main); /* Slightly distinct from card bg */
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .option:hover {
            border-color: var(--primary-color);
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1);
        }
        
        .option-letter {
            display: inline-block;
            width: 24px;
            height: 24px;
            line-height: 24px;
            text-align: center;
            background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
            border-radius: 50%;
            margin-right: 12px;
            font-weight: 500;
            flex-shrink: 0;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .option-text {
            flex-grow: 1;
        }
        
        /* === UPDATE #1: Highlighted Answer Bold === */
        .correct {
            background-color: rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.2) !important;
            border-color: #28a745 !important;
            color: var(--color-text-primary) !important;
            font-weight: bold !important; /* Added Bold Property */
        }
        .correct .option-letter {
            background-color: #28a745;
            color: white;
        }
        
        .incorrect {
            background-color: rgba(220, 53, 69, 0.2) !important;
            border-color: #dc3545 !important;
            color: var(--color-text-primary) !important;
        }
        .incorrect .option-letter {
            background-color: #dc3545;
            color: white;
        }
        
        .explanation-btn {
            background-color: transparent;
            border: none;
            color: var(--primary-color);
            cursor: pointer;
            font-size: 0.9rem;
            padding: 5px 0;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 5px;
        }
        
        .explanation-btn:hover {
            text-decoration: underline;
        }
        
        .explanation {
            display: none;
            background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1); /* Transparent for dark mode */
            padding: 12px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin-top: 10px;
            border-left: 3px solid var(--primary-color);
            font-size: 0.95rem;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        
        .explanation-image {
            max-width: 100%;
            height: auto;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin: 10px 0;
            display: block;
        }
        .explanation-image-container {
            text-align: center;
            margin: 15px 0;
        }
        
        /* Explanation text highlighting styles */
        .explanation .highlight-red { color: #e74c3c; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-blue { color: #3498db; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-green { color: #2ecc71; font-weight: bold; }
        .explanation .highlight-yellow { 
            color: #f39c12; 
            font-weight: bold; 
            background-color: rgba(243, 156, 18, 0.1);
            padding: 0 2px;
            border-radius: 3px;
        }
        .explanation .highlight-purple { color: #9b59b6; font-weight: bold; }
        
        .controls {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: space-between;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
            gap: 10px;
        }
        
        .btn {
            padding: 10px 20px;
            border: none;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            font-weight: 500;
            cursor: pointer;
            transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .btn-primary { background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; }
        .btn-primary:hover { background-color: #2980b9; }
        .btn-secondary { background-color: #6c757d; color: white; }
        .btn-secondary:hover { background-color: #5a6268; }
        
        .divider {
            height: 1px;
            background-color: var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            margin: 25px 0;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
        }
        
        .ad-container {
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border: 1px dashed var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.2));
            padding: 20px;
            text-align: center;
            margin: 20px 0;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }

        /* RELATED TOPICS SECTION */
        .related-topics {
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            padding: 15px;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            margin: 20px 0;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .related-topics h3 {
            margin-top: 0;
            color: var(--color-text-primary);
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            padding-bottom: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;
        }
        .related-topics ul { padding-left: 20px; }
        .related-topics li { margin-bottom: 8px; color: var(--color-text-primary); }
        .related-topics a { color: var(--primary-color); text-decoration: none; }
        .related-topics a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

        .hidden { display: none; }
        .disabled { opacity: 0.5; pointer-events: none; }
        
        /* Social Share Buttons */
        .share-buttons { display: flex; gap: 8px; margin-top: 15px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
        .share-btn {
            display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
            padding: 6px 10px; border-radius: 4px; color: white;
            font-size: 10px; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s ease;
            text-decoration: none; border: none;
        }
        .share-btn .share-icon {
            width: 10px; height: 10px; margin-right: 5px;
            background-size: contain; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center;
        }
        .share-btn:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); }
        .facebook-btn { background-color: #3b5998; }
        .twitter-btn { background-color: #1da1f2; }
        .whatsapp-btn { background-color: #25d366; }
        .copy-link-btn { background-color: #6c757d; }
        .copy-link-btn.copied { background-color: #28a745; }
        
        .social-share-section {
            margin: 15px 0; padding: 10px;
            background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); text-align: center;
        }
        .social-share-title { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--color-text-secondary); margin-bottom: 8px; }
        
        /* Pagination Styles */
        .pagination { display: flex; justify-content: center; margin: 30px 0; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 5px; }
        .page-btn {
            padding: 8px 15px; margin: 0 2px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); background-color: var(--bg-content);
            color: var(--color-text-primary); cursor: pointer; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .page-btn:hover:not(.active) { background-color: var(--bg-main); }
        .active { background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; border-color: var(--primary-color); }
        .page-nav {
            padding: 8px 15px; margin: 0 2px;
            border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); background-color: var(--bg-content);
            color: var(--color-text-primary); cursor: pointer; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .page-nav:hover { background-color: var(--bg-main); }
        .disabled-nav { opacity: 0.5; cursor: not-allowed; pointer-events: none; }
        
        .page-search { margin-top: 15px; display: flex; justify-content: center; width: 100%; }
        .page-search input {
            padding: 8px 15px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); width: 150px; text-align: center;
            margin-right: 5px; background-color: var(--bg-content); color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        .page-search button {
            padding: 8px 15px; border: none; border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            background-color: var(--primary-color); color: white; cursor: pointer;
        }
        .page-ellipsis { display: inline-block; padding: 8px 12px; color: var(--color-text-secondary); }
        
        /* FAQ Section Styles */
        .faq-section {
            margin: 30px 0; background-color: var(--bg-content);
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 20px; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .faq-section h2 { color: var(--color-text-primary); border-bottom: 2px solid var(--primary-color); padding-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0; }
        .faq-item {
            margin-bottom: 15px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); overflow: hidden; transition: border-color 0.3s ease;
        }
        .faq-question {
            background-color: var(--bg-main); padding: 12px 15px; cursor: pointer;
            font-weight: 500; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; color: var(--color-text-primary);
        }
        .faq-question:hover { background-color: rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1); }
        .faq-answer {
            padding: 15px; background-color: var(--bg-content); display: none;
            transition: background-color 0.3s ease; color: var(--color-text-secondary);
        }
        .faq-answer.show { display: block; }
        .faq-toggle { font-size: 1.2rem; transition: var(--transition); }
        .faq-toggle.rotated { transform: rotate(45deg); }

        /* Image Between Questions */
        .question-image { margin: 20px 0; text-align: center; }
        .question-image a { display: inline-block; }
        .question-image img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: var(--border-radius); box-shadow: var(--box-shadow); transition: transform 0.3s ease; }
        .question-image img:hover { transform: scale(1.02); }
        .question-image-caption { margin-top: 8px; font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--color-text-secondary); text-align: center; }

        .share-image-canvas { position: fixed; top: -9999px; left: -9999px; visibility: hidden; }

        .tts-btn {
            background-color: #6c757d; color: white; border: none;
            border-radius: var(--border-radius); padding: 8px 12px; margin: 10px 0;
            cursor: pointer; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px;
            font-size: 0.9rem; transition: var(--transition);
        }
        .tts-btn:hover { background-color: #5a6268; }
        .tts-btn i { font-size: 1rem; }

        .translate-btn {
            background-color: #3498db; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 4px;
            padding: 5px 10px; margin: 5px 0; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.8rem; transition: all 0.2s ease;
        }
        .translate-btn:hover { background-color: #2980b9; }
        .translate-btn i { display: none; }
        
        .explanation-urdu {
            display: none; font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif; direction: rtl;
            text-align: right; margin-top: 10px; line-height: 2.2; font-size: 1.0rem; 
        }

        /* Expandable Content Section */
        .expandable-content {
            background-color: var(--bg-content); border-radius: var(--border-radius);
            padding: 20px; margin: 20px 0; box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
            transition: all 0.3s ease; border: 1px solid var(--border-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.1));
        }
        .expandable-content h2 { color: var(--primary-color); margin-top: 0; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--primary-color); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
        .content-translate-btn { background-color: var(--secondary-color); color: white; border: none; border-radius: 4px; padding: 5px 10px; font-size: 0.8rem; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s ease; }
        .content-translate-btn:hover { background-color: #27ae60; }
        
        .content-preview { position: relative; overflow: hidden; max-height: 120px; transition: max-height 0.5s ease; }
        .content-preview.expanded { max-height: none; }
        .content-preview::after {
            content: &#39;&#39;; position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 40px;
            background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255,255,255,0), var(--bg-content)); transition: opacity 0.3s ease; opacity: 1;
        }
        .content-preview.expanded::after { opacity: 0; }
        
        .read-more-btn { display: inline-block; margin-top: 10px; color: var(--primary-color); cursor: pointer; font-weight: 500; transition: all 0.2s ease; }
        .read-more-btn:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
        
        .content-body { margin-bottom: 15px; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--color-text-primary); }
        .content-body p { margin-bottom: 15px; }
        .content-body img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: var(--border-radius); margin: 15px 0; display: block; }
        .content-body .image-link { display: inline-block; position: relative; }
        .content-body .image-link:hover::after {
            content: &#39;Click to view&#39;; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;
            background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; border-radius: var(--border-radius);
        }
        .content-body h3 { color: #e74c3c; margin: 20px 0 10px 0; }
        .content-body h4 { color: #3498db; margin: 15px 0 8px 0; }
        .content-body .highlight-word { color: #9b59b6; font-weight: bold; }
        .content-body .highlight-link { color: #e67e22; text-decoration: underline; font-weight: 500; }
        .content-body .highlight-link:hover { color: #d35400; }
        .content-body .urdu-content { display: none; font-family: &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, serif; direction: rtl; text-align: right; line-height: 2; }

        .hidden-faq { display: none; }
        .see-more-faq { text-align: center; margin-top: 20px; }
        .see-more-faq .btn { padding: 8px 20px; font-size: 0.9rem; }

        .question-actions { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-top: 15px; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; }

        .modern-comment-link {
            z-index: 5; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px;
            padding: 6px 12px; border-radius: 50px; background: linear-gradient(45deg, #28a745, #20c997);
            color: white; text-decoration: none; font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 500; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.8, 0.25, 1);
        }
        .modern-comment-link:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: 0 6px 15px rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.3); color: white; }
        .modern-comment-link svg { width: 18px; height: 18px; fill: currentColor; }


        /* ========================================================================= */
        /* == MOBILE RESPONSIVE TWEAKS (GAP KAM KARNE KE LIYE YAHAN CHANGES KI HAIN) == */
        /* ========================================================================= */
        @media (max-width: 768px) {
            /* Blogger Theme ki padding ka gap khatam/kam karne ke liye Negative Margin lagaya gaya hai */
            .no-blogger-overlap {
                margin-left: -12px;
                margin-right: -12px;
            }
            .toc-list { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
            .in-quiz-topic-heading { font-size: 1.2rem; padding: 12px; }
            body { padding: 0px; }
            .info-banner h1 { font-size: 1.5rem; }
            .question-text { font-size: 1.1rem; }
            .urdu-text { font-size: 1rem; }
            .page-btn, .page-nav { padding: 6px 10px; font-size: 0.9rem; }
            .faq-question { font-size: 1rem; }
            .share-buttons { gap: 6px; }
            .share-btn { padding: 6px 10px; font-size: 12px; }
            .share-btn .share-icon { width: 10px; height: 10px; }
            .pdf-download-btn { padding: 8px 15px; font-size: 0.9rem; }
            
            /* Andar ki jagga ko adjust kiya gaya hai */
            .question-card { padding: 15px; } 
            
            .option { padding: 10px 12px; }
            .category-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
            .expandable-content { padding: 15px; }
            .content-preview { max-height: 100px; }
        }
        
        @media (max-width: 480px) {
            /* Choti screen pe gap ko mazeed theek karne ke liye thora aur margin diya gaya hai */
            .no-blogger-overlap {
                margin-left: -16px;
                margin-right: -16px;
            }
            body { padding: 0px; }
            .info-banner { padding: 15px; }
            .info-banner h1 { font-size: 1.3rem; }
            .controls { flex-direction: column; }
            .controls .btn { width: 100%; }
            .pagination { gap: 3px; justify-content: center; }
            .page-btn, .page-nav { padding: 8px 12px; font-size: 0.95rem; min-width: 40px; }
            .page-search input { width: 100px; padding: 10px; }
            .page-search button { padding: 5px 10px; }
            .expandable-content h2 { font-size: 1.2rem; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 10px; }
            .category-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(1, 1fr); }
            .modern-comment-link { padding: 5px 10px; font-size: 0.4rem; gap: 4px; }
            .modern-comment-link svg { width: 10px; height: 10px; }
            .explanation-btn { font-size: 0.85rem; }
            .card-badge { font-size: 9px; padding: 3px 8px; }
            
            /* Choti screens ke liye question card padding adjustment */
            .question-card { padding: 12px; }
        }
    &lt;/style&gt;
    &lt;!-- STEP 1: AdSense Script ko &lt;head&gt; main rakhein --&gt;
    &lt;script async src=&quot;https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4073269280727447&quot; crossorigin=&quot;anonymous&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;/head&gt;
&lt;body&gt;
    &lt;!-- Main content wrapper to prevent Blogger conflicts --&gt;
    &lt;div class=&quot;no-blogger-overlap&quot;&gt;
        &lt;img class=&quot;header-image&quot; id=&quot;headerImage&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxoDccfje8IMeDLKONVdtOIYxqby9eg3UzYzyEElcGbWfZUgvvdrgSw82c8R33_xmk4_SVxEkbZOkGwf2qLj_u4BnHHxHyP-yXPEvxuWWZnCRGIZEWBm9htoIn0mHL9pyQuOTEDAkvFqUa8MFjo9qKYgBCHTn85T8BfTNqB209kvsVeyzuvkd-Ir4i3w/s1600/7th%20Class%20General%20Science%20Unit%205%20image.jpg&quot; /&gt;
        
        &lt;!-- HEADER AD SECTION HATA DIYA GAYA HAI --&gt;

        &lt;!-- Info Banner Section --&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;info-banner&quot;&gt;
            &lt;h1&gt;7th Class General Science Unit 5 | Structure of an Atom MCQs | PakMCQs&lt;/h1&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Practice 7th Class General Science Unit 5 Structure of an Atom MCQs covering protons, electrons, neutrons, atomic number, mass number, electronic configuration, K, L and M shells, and the first eighteen elements of the periodic table. These MCQs are useful for learning, revision and preparation for ETEA, NTS, KPPSC, PPSC and FPSC exams through PAKMCQs.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;p class=&quot;urdu-text&quot;&gt;پی ڈی ایف ڈاؤن لوڈ کرنے کے بجائے، یہاں وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں۔ اِن شاء اللہ آپ کی تیاری مزید بہتر ہو جائے گی۔&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;!-- UPDATED PDF DOWNLOAD BUTTON WITH PROGRESS BAR STRUCTURE --&gt;
            &lt;button class=&quot;pdf-download-btn&quot; id=&quot;generatePdfBtn&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;btn-text&quot;&gt;Click here for Download PDF&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;div class=&quot;progress-bar-fill&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;/button&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
        
       &lt;!-- New Expandable Content Section --&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;expandable-content&quot;&gt;
    &lt;h2&gt;Structure of an Atom | ایٹم کی ساخت
        &lt;button class=&quot;content-translate-btn&quot; id=&quot;contentTranslateBtn&quot;&gt;Translate to Urdu&lt;/button&gt;
    &lt;/h2&gt;
    
    &lt;div class=&quot;content-preview&quot; id=&quot;contentPreview&quot;&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;content-body&quot;&gt;
            &lt;!-- English Content --&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;english-content&quot;&gt;
                &lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #e74c3c;&quot;&gt;7th Class General Science Unit 5: Structure of an Atom&lt;/h3&gt;
                
                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;Unit ka Khulasa&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Har cheez jo matter par mushtamil hai, bohat chhotay zarraat se mil kar bani hoti hai jinhein atoms kehte hain. Atom kisi element ki chemical properties ko barqarar rakhne wala bunyadi zarra hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Atom ke 3 bunyadi subatomic particles hote hain:&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #27ae60;&quot;&gt;Proton:&lt;/span&gt; Positive charge rakhta hai.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #7f8c8d;&quot;&gt;Neutron:&lt;/span&gt; mapnyyat se pak/neutral hota hai.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #c0392b;&quot;&gt;Electron:&lt;/span&gt; Negative charge rakhta hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Atom ke markaz ko nucleus kehte hain. Nucleus mein protons aur neutrons mojood hote hain, jabke electrons nucleus ke gird mukhtalif shells mein mojood hote hain.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;1. Atom Kya Hai?&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Matter bohat chhotay particles se mil kar bana hota hai jinhein &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;atoms&lt;/span&gt; kehte hain. Misal ke taur par gold ki coin gold atoms se mil kar bani hoti hai. Isi tarah duniya mein mojood mukhtalif elements apne khas atoms se mil kar bante hain. Element ek pure matter hai jo aik hi qisam ke atoms par mushtamil hota hai aur apni chemical properties ko barqarar rakhta hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Yaad Rakhein: Matter &amp;rarr; Atoms &amp;rarr; Elements&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;2. Atom ki Structure&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Atom ke do major regions hote hain:&lt;br&gt;
                1. &lt;b&gt;Nucleus:&lt;/b&gt; Atom ke center ko nucleus kehte hain. Nucleus mein protons aur neutrons maujood hote hain.&lt;br&gt;
                2. &lt;b&gt;Electron Region:&lt;/b&gt; Nucleus ke gird electrons mojood hote hain. Ye electrons mukhtalif fixed shells mein arrange hote hain.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;Subatomic Particles Table&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Particle&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Charge&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Location&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Proton&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Positive (+)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Nucleus&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Neutron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Neutral (0)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Nucleus&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Electron&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Negative (-)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Nucleus ke gird shells&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Easy Trick:&lt;/b&gt; Proton = Positive, Neutron = Neutral, Electron = Negative&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;3. Atom Electrically Neutral Kyun Hota Hai?&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Aik normal atom mein protons ki tadaad electrons ke barabar hoti hai. Proton ka charge positive hota hai aur electron ka charge negative hota hai. Dono opposite charges aik doosre ko cancel kar dete hain. Is liye atom overall electrically neutral hota hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Example:&lt;/b&gt; Agar kisi atom mein 8 protons aur 8 electrons hon to positive aur negative charges cancel ho jayenge aur atom neutral hoga. (&lt;b&gt;Protons = Electrons&lt;/b&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;4. Atom ke Models&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Scientists ne waqt ke sath atom ki structure ko samajhne ke liye mukhtalif models pesh kiye:&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Model&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Scientist&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Year&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Solid Sphere Model&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;John Dalton&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1803&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Plum Pudding Model&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;J. J. Thomson&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1904&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Nuclear Model&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Ernest Rutherford&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1911&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Planetary Model&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Niels Bohr&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1913&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Quantum Model&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Erwin Schrödinger&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1926&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Exam Tip:&lt;/i&gt; Scientist aur model ka matching MCQ important hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;5. Atomic Number aur 6. Mass Number&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Atomic Number (Z):&lt;/span&gt; Kisi atom mein mojood protons ki tadaad ko atomic number kehte hain. Isay Z se show kiya jata hai. (&lt;b&gt;Atomic Number (Z) = Number of Protons&lt;/b&gt;). Atomic number kisi element ki identity batata hai. (e.g., Carbon: Protons = 6, Atomic number = 6 | Oxygen: Protons = 8, Atomic number = 8).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Mass Number (A):&lt;/span&gt; Atom ke nucleus mein protons aur neutrons ki total tadaad ko mass number kehte hain. Isay A se represent kiya jata hai. (&lt;b&gt;Mass Number (A) = Protons + Neutrons&lt;/b&gt; ya &lt;b&gt;A = Z + N&lt;/b&gt; where N = Number of Neutrons). (e.g., Carbon mein Protons = 6, Neutrons = 6, so Mass Number = 6 + 6 = 12).&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;7. Protons, Neutrons aur Electrons Kaise Find Karein?&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• Protons = Atomic Number&lt;br&gt;
                • Electrons = Atomic Number (in neutral atom)&lt;br&gt;
                • Neutrons = Mass Number − Atomic Number (N = A − Z)&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;Example:&lt;/b&gt; Aik atom ka Atomic Number = 9, aur Mass Number = 19 hai.&lt;br&gt;
                Protons = 9 | Electrons = 9 | Neutrons = 19 − 9 = 10.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;8. Atomic Number aur Mass Number mein Farq&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Atomic Number&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Mass Number&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Protons ki tadaad hoti hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Protons + neutrons ki total tadaad hoti hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Z se represent hota hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;A se represent hota hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Element ki identity batata hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Nucleus mein nucleons ki total tadaad batata hai&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Formula: Z = Protons&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Formula: A = Protons + Neutrons&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Short Trick:&lt;/b&gt; Atomic Number = Protons | Mass Number = Protons + Neutrons&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;9. Electrons ki Distribution in Shells&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Electrons nucleus ke gird mukhtalif shells mein arrange hote hain. Pehli teen shells ko &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #8e44ad;&quot;&gt;K, L, aur M shell&lt;/span&gt; kehte hain. Electrons ki shells mein distribution ko &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60;&quot;&gt;electronic configuration&lt;/span&gt; kehte hain.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Shells ki Maximum Capacity Formula: 2n²&lt;/b&gt; (Yahan n = shell number):&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• K Shell (n=1): 2 × 1² = 2 electrons | • L Shell (n=2): 2 × 2² = 8 electrons | • M Shell (n=3): 2 × 3² = 18 electrons.&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;i&gt;Important:&lt;/i&gt; Is Unit ke first 18 elements ke liye electron arrangements aam tor par K, L, M = 2, 8, 8 ki limit mein dekhi jati hain.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;10. First 18 Elements ki Electron Distribution&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Element&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Symbol&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Atomic No.&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Protons&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Neutrons&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Electrons&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;K-L-M&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Hydrogen&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;H&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1-0-0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Helium&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;He&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-0-0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Lithium&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Li&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-1-0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Beryllium&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Be&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-2-0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Boron&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-3-0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Carbon&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-4-0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Nitrogen&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;N&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-5-0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Oxygen&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;O&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-6-0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Fluorine&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;F&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-7-0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Neon&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Ne&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-8-0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Sodium&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Na&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;11&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;11&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;11&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-8-1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Magnesium&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Mg&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-8-2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Aluminium&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Al&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-8-3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Silicon&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Si&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-8-4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Phosphorus&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;P&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-8-5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Sulphur&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-8-6&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Chlorine&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Cl&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;17&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;17&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;17&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-8-7&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Argon&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Ar&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;22&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-8-8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;
                &lt;p style=&quot;border-left: 4px solid #7f8c8d; padding-left: 10px; margin: 15px 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Important Note:&lt;/b&gt; Aap ke diye gaye source mein Argon ke neutrons 22 diye gaye hain. Is table ko MCQs ke liye isi source ke mutabiq rakha gaya hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;11. First 18 Elements ko Samajhne ka Easy Method&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• Protons = Atomic Number&lt;br&gt;
                • Electrons = Atomic Number (in neutral atom)&lt;br&gt;
                • Neutrons = Mass Number − Atomic Number&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;Example (Oxygen):&lt;/b&gt; Atomic number = 8. So Protons = 8, Electrons = 8, Neutrons = 8. Electron arrangement = 2, 6.&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;Example (Sodium):&lt;/b&gt; Atomic number = 11. So Protons = 11, Electrons = 11. Electron arrangement = 2, 8, 1.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;12. Modern Periodic Table&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Periodic Table elements ko aik systematic order mein arrange karne ka tareeqa hai. Modern periodic table mein elements ko &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #27ae60;&quot;&gt;increasing atomic number&lt;/span&gt; ke order mein arrange kiya jata hai. Yani atomic number left se right aur periods ke through barhta hai.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Periods:&lt;/span&gt; Periodic table ki horizontal rows ko periods kehte hain (7 periods hain). Kisi element ka period us ke occupied electron shells ki tadaad ko show karta hai. (e.g. H aur He has Period 1 &amp;rarr; 1 shell | Na aur Mg has Period 3 &amp;rarr; 3 shells). &lt;i&gt;Yaad Rakhein: Horizontal = Period&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Groups:&lt;/span&gt; Periodic table ki vertical columns ko groups kehte hain (18 groups hain). Har group mein elements ki similar properties hoti hain.&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Group 18:&lt;/b&gt; Is mein noble gases hoti hain (Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon). Noble gases generally kam chemically reactive hoti hain kyun ke un ki outermost electron shell complete hoti hai. &lt;i&gt;Yaad Rakhein: Vertical = Group&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;14. Duplet aur Octet&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #16a085; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Duplet:&lt;/span&gt; Jab pehli shell mein 2 electrons complete ho jate hain. (e.g. Helium has 2 electrons - complete duplet).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #16a085; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Octet:&lt;/span&gt; Jab outermost shell mein 8 electrons complete ho jate hain. (e.g. Neon has 8 electrons - complete octet).&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;Important:&lt;/b&gt; Complete outermost shell atom ko zyada stable aur generally kam reactive banati hai.&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;15. Sab Se Important Formulas&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;Atomic Number:&lt;/b&gt; Z = Number of Protons&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Neutral Atom:&lt;/b&gt; Protons = Electrons&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Mass Number:&lt;/b&gt; A = Protons + Neutrons&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Neutrons:&lt;/b&gt; N = A − Z&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;Electron Shell Capacity:&lt;/b&gt; Maximum electrons = 2n²&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;div style=&quot;border-left: 5px solid #2e7d32; padding-left: 15px;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;h5 style=&quot;margin-top: 0; color: #2e7d32;&quot;&gt;Quick Revision&lt;/h5&gt;
                    &lt;p&gt;• Matter chhotay particles atoms se mil kar bana hota hai. &lt;br&gt;
                    • Atom ke 3 subatomic particles proton (+), neutron (neutral) aur electron (-) hain.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Proton aur neutron nucleus mein hote hain, jabke electrons shells mein hote hain.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Neutral atom mein protons = electrons, Atomic number = protons, aur Mass number = protons + neutrons.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Electron distribution ko electronic configuration kehte hain. K, L aur M shells ki capacity 2, 8 aur 18 hai.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Modern periodic table mein 7 periods (horizontal) aur 18 groups (vertical) hain.&lt;br&gt;
                    • Group 18 ko noble gases ka group kaha jata hai. Outermost shell complete hone ki wajah se yeh generally kam reactive hoti hain.&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            
            &lt;!-- Urdu Content --&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;urdu-content&quot;&gt;
                &lt;h3 style=&quot;color: #e74c3c;&quot;&gt;ساتویں کلاس جنرل سائنس – یونٹ 5&lt;/h3&gt;
                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;یونٹ 5: ایٹم کی ساخت (اسٹرکچر آف این ایٹم)&lt;/h4&gt;
                
                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;یونٹ کا خلاصہ&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;ہر چیز جو میٹر (مادے) پر مشتمل ہے، بہت چھوٹے ذرات سے مل کر بنی ہوتی ہے جنہیں ایٹمز کہتے ہیں۔ ایٹم کسی ایلیمنٹ (عنصر) کی کیمیکل پراپرٹیز (کیمیاوی خصوصیات) کو برقرار رکھنے والا بنیادی ذرہ ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;ایٹم کے 3 بنیادی سب اٹامک پارٹیکلز ہوتے ہیں:&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #27ae60;&quot;&gt;پروٹان (Proton):&lt;/span&gt; پوزیٹو چارج رکھتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #7f8c8d;&quot;&gt;نیوٹران (Neutron):&lt;/span&gt; کوئی چارج نہیں رکھتا، یعنی نیوٹرل ہوتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #c0392b;&quot;&gt;الیکٹران (Electron):&lt;/span&gt; نیگیٹو چارج رکھتا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;ایٹم کے مرکز کو نیوکلیئس کہتے ہیں۔ نیوکلیئس میں پروٹانز اور نیوٹرانز موجود ہوتے ہیں، جبکہ الیکٹرانز نیوکلیئس کے گرد مختلف شیلز (شیلوں) میں موجود ہوتے ہیں۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;1۔ ایٹم کیا ہے؟&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;میٹر بہت چھوٹے پارٹیکلز سے مل کر بنا ہوتا ہے جنہیں &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ایٹمز&lt;/span&gt; کہتے ہیں۔ مثال کے طور پر گولڈ (سونے) کا کوائن (سکہ) گولڈ ایٹمز سے مل کر بنا ہوتا ہے۔ اسی طرح دنیا میں موجود مختلف ایلیمنٹس اپنے خاص ایٹمز سے مل کر بنتے ہیں۔ ایلیمنٹ ایک پیور میٹر (خالص مادہ) ہے جو ایک ہی قسم کے ایٹمز پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے اور اپنی کیمیکل پراپرٹیز کو برقرار رکھتا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;یاد رکھیں: میٹر &amp;rarr; ایٹمز &amp;rarr; ایلیمنٹس&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;2۔ ایٹم کی ساخت (اسٹرکچر)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;ایٹم کے دو میجر ریجنز (اہم حصے) ہوتے ہیں:&lt;br&gt;
                نیوکلیئس: ایٹم کے سینٹر کو نیوکلیئس کہتے ہیں۔ نیوکلیئس میں پروٹانز اور نیوٹرانز موجود ہوتے ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                الیکٹران ریجن: نیوکلیئس کے گرد الیکٹرانز موجود ہوتے ہیں۔ یہ الیکٹرانز مختلف فکسڈ شیلز میں ارینج (ترتیب) ہوتے ہیں۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h5 style=&quot;color: #3498db; margin-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;سب اٹامک پارٹیکلز&lt;/h5&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;پارٹیکل (Particle)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;چارج (Charge)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;مقام (Location)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;پروٹان (Proton)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پوزیٹو (+)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;نیوکلیئس&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;نیوٹران (Neutron)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;نیوٹرل (0)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;نیوکلیئس&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;الیکٹران (Electron)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;نیگیٹو (-)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;نیوکلیئس کے گرد شیلز&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;آسان ٹرک (ایزی ٹرک):&lt;/b&gt; پروٹان = پوزیٹو، نیوٹران = نیوٹرل، الیکٹران = نیگیٹو&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;3۔ ایٹم الیکٹریکلی نیوٹرل کیوں ہوتا ہے؟&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;ایک نارمل ایٹم میں پروٹانز کی تعداد الیکٹرانز کے برابر ہوتی ہے۔ پروٹان کا چارج پوزیٹو ہوتا ہے اور الیکٹران کا چارج نیگیٹو ہوتا ہے۔ دونوں اپوزٹ چارجز ایک دوسرے کو کینسل کر دیتے ہیں۔ اس لیے ایٹم اوور آل الیکٹریکلی نیوٹرل ہوتا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;مثال:&lt;/b&gt; اگر کسی ایٹم میں 8 پروٹانز ہیں اور 8 الیکٹرانز ہیں، تو پوزیٹو اور منفی چارجز کینسل ہو جائیں گے اور ایٹم نیوٹرل ہوگا. (&lt;b&gt;پروٹانز = الیکٹرانز&lt;/b&gt;)۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;4۔ ایٹم کے ماڈلز&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;سائنٹسٹس نے وقت کے ساتھ ایٹم کی ساخت کو سمجھنے کے لیے مختلف ماڈلز پیش کیے:&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ماڈل (Model)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;سائنٹسٹ (Scientist)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;سال (Year)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;سالڈ اسفیئر ماڈل (Solid Sphere Model)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;جان ڈالٹن (John Dalton)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1803&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پلم پڈنگ ماڈل (Plum Pudding Model)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;جے جے تھامسن (J. J. Thomson)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1904&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;نیوکلیئر ماڈل (Nuclear Model)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ارنسٹ ردرفورڈ (Ernest Rutherford)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1911&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پلینیٹری ماڈل (Planetary Model)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;نیلز بوہر (Niels Bohr)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1913&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;کوانٹم ماڈل (Quantum Model)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ارون شروڈنگر (Erwin Schrödinger)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1926&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;امتحان کی ٹپ: سائنٹسٹ اور ماڈل کا میچنگ ایم سی کیو اہم ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;5۔ اٹامک نمبر اور 6۔ ماس نمبر&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;اٹامک نمبر (Z):&lt;/span&gt; کسی ایٹم میں موجود پروٹانز کی تعداد کو اٹامک نمبر کہتے ہیں۔ اٹامک نمبر کو &#39;زیڈ&#39; (Z) سے ظاہر کیا جاتا ہے۔ (&lt;b&gt;اٹامک نمبر (Z) = پروٹانز کی تعداد&lt;/b&gt;)۔ اٹامک نمبر کسی ایلیمنٹ کی آئیڈینٹیٹی (پہچان) بتاتا ہے۔ (مثالیں: کاربن: پروٹانز = 6، اٹامک نمبر = 6 | آکسیجن: پروٹانز = 8، اٹامک نمبر = 8).&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ماس نمبر (A):&lt;/span&gt; ایٹم کے نیوکلیئس میں پروٹانز اور نیوٹرانز کی ٹوٹل تعداد کو ماس نمبر کہتے ہیں۔ ماس نمبر کو &#39;اے&#39; (A) سے ظاہر کیا جاتا ہے۔ (&lt;b&gt;ماس نمبر (A) = پروٹانز + نیوٹرانز&lt;/b&gt; یا &lt;b&gt;A = Z + N&lt;/b&gt; جہاں N = نیوٹرانز کی تعداد ہے)۔ (مثال: کاربن میں پروٹانز = 6، نیوٹرانز = 6، اس لیے: ماس نمبر = 6 + 6 = 12)۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;7۔ پروٹانز، نیوٹرانز اور الیکٹرانز کیسے معلوم کریں؟&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• پروٹانز = اٹامک نمبر&lt;br&gt;
                • الیکٹرانز = اٹامک نمبر (نیوٹرل ایٹم میں)&lt;br&gt;
                • نیوٹرانز = ماس نمبر − اٹامک نمبر (N = A − Z)&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;مثال:&lt;/b&gt; ایک ایٹم کا اٹامک نمبر = 9 ہے اور ماس نمبر = 19 ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                پروٹانز = 9 | الیکٹرانز = 9 | نیوٹرانز = 19 − 9 = 10۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;8۔ اٹامک نمبر اور ماس نمبر میں فرق&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;اٹامک نمبر (Atomic Number)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ماس نمبر (Mass Number)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پروٹانز کی تعداد ہوتی ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;پروٹانز + نیوٹرانز کی ٹوٹل تعداد ہوتی ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&#39;زیڈ&#39; (Z) سے ظاہر ہوتا ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;&#39;اے&#39; (A) سے ظاہر ہوتا ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ایلیمنٹ کی پہچان (آئیڈینٹیٹی) بتاتا ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;نیوکلیئس میں نیوکلیونز کی ٹوٹل تعداد بتاتا ہے&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;فارمولا: Z = پروٹانز&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;فارمولا: A = پروٹانز + نیوٹرانز&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;آسان طریقہ (شارٹ ٹرک):&lt;/b&gt; اٹامک نمبر = پروٹانز | ماس نمبر = پروٹانز + نیوٹرانز&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;9۔ الیکٹرانز کی شیلز میں تقسیم (ڈسٹری بیوشن)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;الیکٹرانز نیوکلیئس کے گرد مختلف شیلز میں ترتیب دیے ہوتے ہیں۔ پہلی تین شیلوں کو &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #8e44ad;&quot;&gt;&#39;کے&#39; (K)، &#39;ایل&#39; (L) اور &#39;ایم&#39; (M) شیل&lt;/span&gt; کہتے ہیں۔ الیکٹرانز کی شیلوں میں تقسیم کو &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #27ae60;&quot;&gt;الیکٹرانک کانفیگریشن (الیکٹرانی ترتیب)&lt;/span&gt; کہتے ہیں۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;شیلوں کی زیادہ سے زیادہ گنجائش (میکسیمم کیپیسٹی) فارمولا: 2n²&lt;/b&gt; (یہاں n = شیل نمبر):&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &#39;کے&#39; (K) شیل (n=1): 2 × 1² = 2 الیکٹرانز | • &#39;ایل&#39; (L) شیل (n=2): 2 × 2² = 8 الیکٹرانز | • &#39;ایم&#39; (M) شیل (n=3): 2 × 3² = 18 الیکٹرانز۔&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;i&gt;اہم:&lt;/i&gt; اس یونٹ کے پہلے 18 ایلیمنٹس کے لیے الیکٹران ارینجمنٹس عام طور پر &#39;کے&#39;، &#39;ایل&#39;، &#39;ایم&#39; = 2، 8، 8 کی لمٹ (حد) میں دیکھی جاتی ہیں۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;10۔ پہلے 18 ایلیمنٹس کی الیکٹران ڈسٹری بیوشن&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;table style=&quot;width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: right;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;thead&gt;
                        &lt;tr style=&quot;color: #2980b9; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ایلیمنٹ&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;سمبل (علامت)&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;اٹامک نمبر&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;پروٹانز&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;نیوٹرانز&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;الیکٹرانز&lt;/th&gt;
                            &lt;th style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;کے-ایل-ایم (K-L-M)&lt;/th&gt;
                        &lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/thead&gt;
                    &lt;tbody&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ہائیڈروجن&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;H&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;1-0-0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ہیلیم&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;He&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-0-0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;لیتھیم&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Li&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-1-0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;بیریلیم&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Be&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-2-0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;بوران&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;B&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-3-0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;کاربن&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-4-0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;نائٹروجن&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;N&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-5-0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;آکسیجن&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;O&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-6-0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;فلورین&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;F&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-7-0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;نیون&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Ne&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-8-0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;سوڈیم&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Na&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;11&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;11&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;11&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-8-1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;میگنیشیم&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Mg&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-8-2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;ایلومینیم&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Al&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-8-3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;سلیکان&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Si&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-8-4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;فاسفورس&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;P&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-8-5&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;سلفر&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;S&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-8-6&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;کلورین&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Cl&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;17&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;17&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;17&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-8-7&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                        &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;آرگان&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;Ar&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;22&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;&quot;&gt;2-8-8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
                    &lt;/tbody&gt;
                &lt;/table&gt;
                &lt;p style=&quot;border-right: 4px solid #7f8c8d; padding-right: 10px; margin: 15px 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;اہم نوٹ:&lt;/b&gt; آپ کے دیے گئے سورس (ماخذ) میں آرگان کے نیوٹرانز 22 دیے گئے ہیں۔ اس ٹیبل کو ایم سی کیوز کے لیے اسی سورس کے مطابق رکھا گیا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;11۔ پہلے 18 ایلیمنٹس کو سمجھنے کا آسان طریقہ&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;اگر اٹامک نمبر دیا ہو تو:&lt;br&gt;
                پروٹانز = اٹامک نمبر&lt;br&gt;
                نیوٹرل ایٹم میں: الیکٹرانز = اٹامک نمبر&lt;br&gt;
                اگر ماس نمبر بھی دیا ہو تو: نیوٹرانز = ماس نمبر − اٹامک نمبر&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;مثال (آکسیجن):&lt;/b&gt; آکسیجن کا اٹامک نمبر 8 ہے۔ اس لیے: پروٹانز = 8، الیکٹرانز = 8، نیوٹرانز = 8، اور الیکٹران ارینجمنٹ = 2، 6 ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;مثال (سوڈیم):&lt;/b&gt; سوڈیم کا اٹامک نمبر 11 ہے۔ اس لیے: پروٹانز = 11، الیکٹرانز = 11، اور الیکٹران ارینجمنٹ = 2، 8، 1 ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;12۔ جدید پیریوڈک ٹیبل (ماڈرن پیریوڈک ٹیبل)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;پیریوڈک ٹیبل ایلیمنٹس کو ایک سسٹم کے تحت (سسٹمیٹک آرڈر) میں ارینج کرنے کا طریقہ ہے۔ جدید پیریوڈک ٹیبل میں ایلیمنٹس کو &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: #27ae60;&quot;&gt;بڑھتے ہوئے اٹامک نمبر&lt;/span&gt; کے آرڈر میں ارینج کیا جاتا ہے۔ یعنی اٹامک نمبر بائیں سے دائیں اور پیریڈز کے ذریعے بڑھتا ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;پیریڈز (Periods):&lt;/span&gt; پیریوڈک ٹیبل کی ہاریزونٹل روز (افقی قطاروں) کو پیریڈز کہتے ہیں (7 پیریڈز ہیں)۔ کسی ایلیمنٹ کا پیریڈ اس کے گھیرے ہوئے الیکٹران شیلوں کی تعداد کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔ (مثالیں: ہائیڈروجن اور ہیلیم: پیریڈ 1 &amp;rarr; 1 الیکٹران شیل | سوڈیم اور میگنیشیم: پیریڈ 3 &amp;rarr; 3 الیکٹران شیلز)۔ &lt;i&gt;یاد رکھیں: ہاریزونٹل = پیریڈ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #d35400; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;گروپس (Groups):&lt;/span&gt; پیریوڈک ٹیبل کی ورٹیکل کالمز (عمودی کالموں) کو گروپس کہتے ہیں (18 گروپس ہیں)۔ ہر گروپ میں ایلیمنٹس کی کچھ ملتی جلتی (سملر) خصوصیات ہوتی ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;گروپ 18:&lt;/b&gt; گروپ 18 میں نوبل گیسز (شریف گیسیں) ہوتی ہیں (ہیلیم، نیون، آرگان، کرپٹان، زینان، ریڈان)۔ نوبل گیسیں عام طور پر کم کیمیکلی ری ایکٹو ہوتی ہیں کیونکہ ان کی سب سے بیرونی الیکٹران شیل مکمل ہوتی ہے۔ &lt;i&gt;یاد رکھیں: ورٹیکل = گروپ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;14۔ ڈوپلیٹ اور اوکٹٹ (Duplet aur Octet)&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #16a085; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ڈوپلیٹ (Duplet):&lt;/span&gt; جب پہلی شیل میں 2 الیکٹرانز مکمل ہو جاتے ہیں۔ (مثال: ہیلیم کے پاس 2 الیکٹرانز ہیں، اس لیے اس کا بیرونی شیل مکمل ڈوپلیٹ ہے)۔&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;span class=&quot;highlight-word&quot; style=&quot;color: #16a085; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;اوکٹٹ (Octet):&lt;/span&gt; جب دوسری شیل میں 8 الیکٹرانز مکمل ہو جاتے ہیں۔ (مثال: نیون کے آؤٹر موسٹ شیل میں 8 الیکٹرانز ہیں، اس لیے اس کا اوکٹٹ مکمل ہے)۔&lt;br&gt;
                &lt;b&gt;اہم:&lt;/b&gt; مکمل آؤٹ رموسٹ شیل ایٹم کو زیادہ اسٹیبل (پائیدار) اور عام طور پر کم ری ایکٹو بناتی ہے۔&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;h4 style=&quot;color: #3498db;&quot;&gt;15۔ سب سے اہم فارمولے&lt;/h4&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;• &lt;b&gt;اٹامک نمبر:&lt;/b&gt; Z = پروٹانز کی تعداد&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;نیوٹرل ایٹم:&lt;/b&gt; پروٹانز = الیکٹرانز&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;ماس نمبر:&lt;/b&gt; A = پروٹانز + نیوٹرانز&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;نیوٹرانز:&lt;/b&gt; N = A − Z&lt;br&gt;
                • &lt;b&gt;الیکٹران شیل کیپیسٹی:&lt;/b&gt; زیادہ سے زیادہ الیکٹرانز = 2n²&lt;/p&gt;

                &lt;div style=&quot;border-right: 5px solid #2e7d32; padding-right: 15px;&quot;&gt;
                    &lt;h5 style=&quot;margin-top: 0; color: #2e7d32;&quot;&gt;فوری اعادہ (Quick Revision)&lt;/h5&gt;
                    &lt;p&gt;• میٹر چھوٹے پارٹیکلز ایٹمز سے مل کر بنا ہوتا ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • ایٹم کے 3 سب اٹامک پارٹیکلز پروٹان (+)، نیوٹران (نیوٹرل) اور الیکٹران (-) ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • پروٹان اور نیوٹران نیوکلیئس میں ہوتے ہیں، جبکہ الیکٹرانز نیوکلیئس کے گرد شیلز میں ہوتے ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • نیوٹرل ایٹم میں پروٹانز = الیکٹرانز، اٹامک نمبر = پروٹانز، اور ماس نمبر = پروٹانز + نیوٹرانز۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • الیکٹران ڈسٹری بیوشن کو الیکٹرانک کانفیگریشن کہتے ہیں۔ K، L اور M شیلوں کی گنجائش 2، 8 اور 18 ہے۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • جدید پیریوڈک ٹیبل میں 7 پیریڈز (ہاریزونٹل) اور 18 گروپس (ورٹیکل) ہیں۔&lt;br&gt;
                    • گروپ 18 کو نوبل گیسز کا گروپ کہا جاتا ہے۔ بیرونی شیل مکمل ہونے کی وجہ سے وہ عام طور پر کم ری ایکٹو ہوتی ہیں۔&lt;/p&gt;
                &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
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        &lt;!-- Topics Table of Contents Container --&gt;
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            &lt;h2&gt;📚 Table of Contents (Topics Main Headings)&lt;/h2&gt;
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            &lt;span class=&quot;urdu-text&quot;&gt;چار آپشن میں سے کسی پر بھی کلک کرنے سے جواب سبز ہو جائے گا&lt;/span&gt;
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        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is an atom?&lt;/span&gt;
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            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;An atom is the smallest basic particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What are the three subatomic particles of an atom?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
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            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;The three subatomic particles are protons, neutrons, and electrons.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is the charge of a proton, neutron, and electron?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
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                &lt;p&gt;A proton has a positive charge, a neutron has no charge, and an electron has a negative charge.&lt;/p&gt;
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        &lt;!-- Hidden FAQs (Remaining 7) --&gt;
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                &lt;span&gt;Why is an atom electrically neutral?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
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            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;An atom is electrically neutral because it has an equal number of protons and electrons.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is atomic number?&lt;/span&gt;
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            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Atomic number is the number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is mass number?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
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            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;How can we find the number of neutrons in an atom?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;The number of neutrons can be found by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number: Neutrons = Mass Number − Atomic Number.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What is electronic configuration?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Electronic configuration is the arrangement of electrons in different shells around the nucleus.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;What are groups and periods in the periodic table?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;Groups are the vertical columns, while periods are the horizontal rows of the periodic table.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;

        &lt;div class=&quot;faq-item hidden-faq&quot;&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-question&quot; onclick=&quot;toggleFAQ(this)&quot;&gt;
                &lt;span&gt;How many groups and periods are there in the modern periodic table?&lt;/span&gt;
                &lt;span class=&quot;faq-toggle&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
            &lt;div class=&quot;faq-answer&quot;&gt;
                &lt;p&gt;The modern periodic table has 18 groups and 7 periods.&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;/div&gt;
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    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the tiny particles that make up all matter called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;تمام مادہ کن انتہائی باریک ذرات سے مل کر بنا ہے؟&quot;,
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    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایٹم (Atoms)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کائنات میں موجود ہر قسم کا مادہ [blue]انتہائی باریک بنیادی ذرات[/blue] سے مل کر بنا ہے جنہیں ایٹم کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
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    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Just as matter is made of atoms, a wall is made of which small building blocks?&quot;,
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    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اینٹیں (Bricks)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جس طرح مادہ ایٹموں سے بنتا ہے، اسی طرح دیوار [blue]اینٹوں کو جوڑ کر[/blue] بنائی جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
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    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the basic biological building blocks that living organisms consist of?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;تمام جاندار اجسام (living organisms) کن بنیادی حیاتیاتی اکائیوں پر مشتمل ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Atoms&quot;, &quot;Cells&quot;, &quot;Bricks&quot;, &quot;Sand grains&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Cells[/red] is correct because living organisms are composed of [blue]microscopic biological units[/blue] known as cells.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سیلز (Cells)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ تمام جاندار اجسام کی زندگی کی [blue]بنیادی حیاتیاتی اکائی[/blue] خلیات یعنی سیلز ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Honeycomb is made up of smaller cells of which shape?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;شہد کی مکھی کا چھتا (honeycomb) کس طبعی شکل کے چھوٹے خلیوں سے مل کر بنا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Circular&quot;, &quot;Hexagonal&quot;, &quot;Square&quot;, &quot;Triangular&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Hexagonal[/red] is correct because a honeycomb is composed of [blue]six-sided hexagonal units[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہیکساگونل (Hexagonal)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ شہد کی مکھی کا چھتا [blue]چھ کونوں والے خانوں[/blue] سے مل کر بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is a pure matter that consists of only the same type of atoms called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;وہ خالص مادہ کیا کہلاتا ہے جو صرف ایک ہی جیسے ایٹموں پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mixture&quot;, &quot;Element&quot;, &quot;Solution&quot;, &quot;Compound&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Element[/red] is correct because an element consists entirely of [blue]the same type of atoms[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایلیمنٹ (Element)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایسا خالص مادہ جو [blue]صرف ایک ہی قسم کے ایٹموں[/blue] پر مشتمل ہو ایلیمنٹ کہلاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A gold coin is made up of putting together which type of atoms in a coin shape?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سونے کا ایک سکہ (gold coin) کس کے ایٹموں کو آپس میں ملا کر سکے کی شکل میں بنایا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Silver atoms&quot;, &quot;Gold atoms&quot;, &quot;Iron atoms&quot;, &quot;Copper atoms&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Gold atoms[/red] is correct because a gold coin is an element consisting entirely of [blue]gold atoms[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سونے کے ایٹم (Gold atoms)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سونے کا سکہ ایک خالص عنصر ہے جو صرف [blue]سونے کے ایٹموں[/blue] سے بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Structure Of An Atom&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Structurally, how many main regions does an atom consist of?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ساخت کے لحاظ سے ایک ایٹم کتنے بنیادی حصوں یا خطوں (regions) پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Two regions&quot;, &quot;Three regions&quot;, &quot;Four regions&quot;, &quot;Ten regions&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Two regions[/red] is correct because an atom consists of the [blue]central nucleus and the outer electron cloud[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]دو حصے (Two regions)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایٹم کے دو بنیادی حصے یعنی [blue]مرکزی نیوکلیئس اور الیکٹران کلاؤڈ[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the dense center of an atom called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایٹم کے بالکل مرکز میں واقع گھنے حصے (centre) کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Electron cloud&quot;, &quot;Nucleus&quot;, &quot;Shell&quot;, &quot;Orbit&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Nucleus[/red] is correct because the small, dense center of an atom is called the [blue]nucleus[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نیوکلیئس (Nucleus)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایٹم کے مرکز میں واقع گھنے اور بھاری حصے کو [blue]نیوکلیئس[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which subatomic particles are located inside the nucleus of an atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایٹم کے نیوکلیئس کے اندر کون سے بنیادی ذرات پائے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Protons&quot;, &quot;Neutrons&quot;, &quot;Electrons&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because the nucleus contains both [blue]protons and neutrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نیوکلیئس کے اندر [blue]پروٹان اور نیوٹران[/blue] دونوں پائے جاتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What electrical charge do protons carry?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پروٹان (protons) پر کون سا برقی چارج ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Negative charge&quot;, &quot;Positive charge&quot;, &quot;No charge&quot;, &quot;Variable charge&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Positive charge[/red] is correct because protons are subatomic particles carrying a [blue]positive electrical charge[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مثبت چارج (Positive charge)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نیوکلیئس میں موجود پروٹان پر [blue]پازیٹو برقی چارج[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What electrical charge do neutrons carry?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نیوٹران (neutrons) پر کون سا چارج ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Positive charge&quot;, &quot;Negative charge&quot;, &quot;No charge (neutral)&quot;, &quot;Double positive charge&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]No charge (neutral)[/red] is correct because neutrons are [blue]electrically neutral[/blue] particles.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کوئی چارج نہیں (نیوٹرل)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نیوٹران پر کوئی برقی چارج نہیں ہوتا اور وہ [blue]غیر جانبدار (neutral)[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the second, much larger, outer region of the atom called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایٹم کا دوسرا اور کافی بڑا بیرونی حصہ کیا کہلاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Central nucleus&quot;, &quot;Cloud of electrons&quot;, &quot;Empty vacuum&quot;, &quot;Proton core&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Cloud of electrons[/red] is correct because the outer surrounding region is the [blue]cloud of electrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]الیکٹران کا کلاؤڈ (Cloud of electrons)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نیوکلیئس کے گرد کا بڑا بیرونی علاقہ [blue]الیکٹرانز کا کلاؤڈ[/blue] کہلاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What electrical charge do electrons carry?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;الیکٹران (electrons) پر کون سا برقی چارج ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Positive charge&quot;, &quot;Negative charge&quot;, &quot;Neutral&quot;, &quot;Double positive charge&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Negative charge[/red] is correct because electrons orbiting the nucleus carry a [blue]negative electrical charge[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]منفی چارج (Negative charge)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایٹم کے مداروں میں گھومنے والے الیکٹرانز پر [blue]نیگیٹو برقی چارج[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Where do electrons orbit around the nucleus of an atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;الیکٹران نیوکلیئس کے گرد کہاں گردش (orbit) کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Inside the nucleus&quot;, &quot;In fixed shells&quot;, &quot;In straight square lines&quot;, &quot;Inside the protons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]In fixed shells[/red] is correct because electrons orbit within specific circular energy levels known as [blue]fixed shells[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مخصوص شیلز میں (In fixed shells)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ الیکٹران نیوکلیئس کے گرد [blue]مخصوص گول مداروں یا شیلز[/blue] میں چکر لگاتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Protons, neutrons, and electrons are collectively known as:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پروٹان، نیوٹران اور الیکٹران کو مجموعی طور پر کیا کہا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Large molecules&quot;, &quot;Subatomic particles&quot;, &quot;Chemical elements&quot;, &quot;Biological cells&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Subatomic particles[/red] is correct because protons, neutrons, and electrons are the [blue]components that make up an atom[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]سب اٹامک ذرات (Subatomic particles)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایٹم کی ساخت بنانے والے ان ذرات کو [blue]سب اٹامک ذرات[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why is an atom considered a neutral entity under normal conditions?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;عام حالات میں ایک ایٹم کو مجموعی طور پر نیوٹرل (غیر جانبدار) کیوں مانا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because it has no electrons&quot;, &quot;Because the number of protons and electrons is always the same&quot;, &quot;Because neutrons are positive&quot;, &quot;Because it is made of water molecules&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because the number of protons and electrons is always the same[/red] is correct because positive and negative charges [blue]balance each other out[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ پروٹان اور الیکٹران کی تعداد برابر ہوتی ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مثبت اور منفی چارجز کی مساوی تعداد [blue]ایک دوسرے کے اثر کو ختم[/blue] کر دیتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Structure Of An Atom Over The Years&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Who proposed the \&quot;Solid Sphere Model\&quot; of an atom in 1803?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;1803 میں ایٹم کا \&quot;سولڈ اسفیئر ماڈل\&quot; (Solid Sphere Model) کس نے پیش کیا تھا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;J.J. Thomson&quot;, &quot;John Dalton&quot;, &quot;Niels Bohr&quot;, &quot;Erwin Schrödinger&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]John Dalton[/red] is correct because he proposed the [blue]Solid Sphere Model in 1803[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]جان ڈالٹن (John Dalton)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ انہوں نے 1803 میں ایٹم کا پہلا [blue]سولڈ اسفیئر ماڈل[/blue] پیش کیا تھا۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which atomic model was proposed by J.J. Thomson in 1904?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;1904 میں جے جے تھامسن (J.J. Thomson) نے ایٹم کا کون سا ماڈل پیش کیا تھا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Nuclear model&quot;, &quot;Plum Pudding model&quot;, &quot;Quantum model&quot;, &quot;Planetary model&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Plum Pudding model[/red] is correct because J.J. Thomson proposed the [blue]Plum Pudding model in 1904[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پلم پڈنگ ماڈل (Plum Pudding model)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جے جے تھامسن نے 1904 میں ایٹم کا [blue]پلم پڈنگ ماڈل[/blue] پیش کیا۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Who proposed the \&quot;Nuclear Model\&quot; of the atom in 1911?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;1911 میں ایٹم کا \&quot;نیوکلیئر ماڈل\&quot; (Nuclear Model) کس نے پیش کیا تھا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;John Dalton&quot;, &quot;Niels Bohr&quot;, &quot;Ernest Rutherford&quot;, &quot;Erwin Schrödinger&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Ernest Rutherford[/red] is correct because he introduced the [blue]Nuclear Model in 1911[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ارنسٹ ردرفورڈ (Ernest Rutherford)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ انہوں نے 1911 میں ایٹم کا [blue]نیوکلیئر ماڈل[/blue] دریافت اور پیش کیا۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In which year did Niels Bohr propose the \&quot;Planetary Model\&quot; of the atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نیلز بوہر (Niels Bohr) نے ایٹم کا \&quot;پلانیٹری ماڈل\&quot; (Planetary Model) کس سال پیش کیا تھا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;1803&quot;, &quot;1913&quot;, &quot;1926&quot;, &quot;1904&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]1913[/red] is correct because Niels Bohr introduced the [blue]Planetary Model in 1913[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]1913[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نیلز بوہر نے [blue]1913 میں پلانیٹری ماڈل[/blue] پیش کیا تھا۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which scientist proposed the \&quot;Quantum Model\&quot; of the atom in 1926?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;1926 میں ایٹم کا جدید \&quot;کوانٹم ماڈل\&quot; (Quantum Model) کس سائنسدان نے پیش کیا تھا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Erwin Schrödinger&quot;, &quot;John Dalton&quot;, &quot;Ernest Rutherford&quot;, &quot;J.J. Thomson&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Erwin Schrödinger[/red] is correct because he proposed the [blue]Quantum Model of the atom in 1926[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ارون شروڈنگر (Erwin Schrödinger)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ انہوں نے 1926 میں ایٹم کا جدید [blue]کوانٹم ماڈل[/blue] پیش کیا۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Where are atoms present in our physical world?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہماری مادی دنیا میں ایٹم کہاں پائے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Only in outer space&quot;, &quot;Only in laboratory chemicals&quot;, &quot;Everywhere&quot;, &quot;Nowhere&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Everywhere[/red] is correct because atoms are the fundamental building blocks of [blue]all physical matter[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہر جگہ (Everywhere)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ تمام مادہ ایٹموں سے بنا ہے اس لیے یہ ہمارے ارد گرد [blue]ہر جگہ موجود[/blue] ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following objects are made up of atoms?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;درج ذیل میں سے کون سی مادی اشیاء ایٹموں سے مل کر بنی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Cars and bicycles&quot;, &quot;Chairs, cats, and boots&quot;, &quot;Only empty space&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because every physical object, whether [blue]living or non-living[/blue], is composed of atoms.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جاندار اور بے جان [blue]تمام مادی اشیاء[/blue] ایٹموں سے مل کر بنتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why can atoms NOT be seen with the naked eye?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایٹموں کو عام انسانی آنکھ (naked eye) سے کیوں نہیں دیکھا جا سکتا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because they are extremely tiny&quot;, &quot;Because they are transparent liquids&quot;, &quot;Because they only exist at night&quot;, &quot;Because they are too bright&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because they are extremely tiny[/red] is correct because the size of an atom is [blue]submicroscopic[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ وہ انتہائی باریک اور چھوٹے ہوتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایٹم کا حجم [blue]انتہائی چھوٹا[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which subatomic particles form the center of the atom (the nucleus)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کون سے سب اٹامک ذرات مل کر ایٹم کے مرکز (نیوکلیئس) کو بناتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Only orbiting electrons&quot;, &quot;Protons and neutrons&quot;, &quot;Only chemical gases&quot;, &quot;Liquid elements&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Protons and neutrons[/red] is correct because these particles cluster together to form the [blue]central nucleus[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پروٹان اور نیوٹران[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ یہ ذرات ایٹم کے مرکز میں جمع ہو کر اس کا [blue]نیوکلیئس[/blue] بناتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Atomic Number&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the total number of protons in an atom&#39;s nucleus called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی ایٹم کے نیوکلیئس میں موجود پروٹانوں کی کل تعداد کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mass number&quot;, &quot;Atomic number&quot;, &quot;Neutron number&quot;, &quot;Shell number&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Atomic number[/red] is correct because the number of protons inside the nucleus defines the [blue]atomic number[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اٹامک نمبر (Atomic number)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نیوکلیئس میں پروٹانوں کی کل تعداد کو [blue]اٹامک نمبر[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which symbol is used to represent the atomic number (proton number) of an element?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی عنصر کے اٹامک نمبر (پروٹان نمبر) کو کس انگریزی علامت سے ظاہر کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;A&quot;, &quot;N&quot;, &quot;Z&quot;, &quot;X&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Z[/red] is correct because the capital letter [blue]Z[/blue] universally represents the atomic number.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]Z[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کیمسٹری میں اٹامک نمبر کو [blue]حرف Z[/blue] سے ظاہر کیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is true about the atomic numbers of different elements?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;مختلف عناصر (elements) کے اٹامک نمبرز کے بارے میں کون سی بات درست ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;They have the same atomic numbers&quot;, &quot;They have different atomic numbers&quot;, &quot;They always have zero atomic numbers&quot;, &quot;They change automatically every hour&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]They have different atomic numbers[/red] is correct because each element has a [blue]unique proton count[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ان کے اٹامک نمبر مختلف ہوتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہر مختلف عنصر کے پاس [blue]پروٹانوں کی منفرد تعداد[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Carbon has exactly 6 protons in its nucleus, which means the atomic number of carbon is:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کاربن کے ایٹم میں 6 پروٹان ہوتے ہیں، اس کا مطلب ہے کہ کاربن کا اٹامک نمبر کتنا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2&quot;, &quot;6&quot;, &quot;12&quot;, &quot;8&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]6[/red] is correct because the atomic number is equal to the [blue]number of protons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]6[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کاربن کے نیوکلیئس میں 6 پروٹان ہیں اس لیے اس کا [blue]اٹامک نمبر 6[/blue] ہوگا۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Since the number of protons in oxygen is 8, the proton number of oxygen is:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چونکہ آکسیجن کے ایٹم میں پروٹانوں کی تعداد 8 ہے، اس لیے آکسیجن کا پروٹان نمبر کتنا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;4&quot;, &quot;8&quot;, &quot;16&quot;, &quot;2&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]8[/red] is correct because the proton number corresponds directly to its [blue]8 protons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]8[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آکسیجن کے پاس 8 پروٹان ہیں اس لیے اس کا [blue]پروٹان نمبر بھی 8[/blue] ہوگا۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How are chemical elements systematically arranged in the modern periodic table?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جدید پیریڈک ٹیبل (modern periodic table) میں عناصر کو کس ترتیب سے رکھا گیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;In order of increasing atomic numbers&quot;, &quot;By their alphabetical names&quot;, &quot;In order of decreasing physical size&quot;, &quot;Completely randomly&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]In order of increasing atomic numbers[/red] is correct because the periodic law organizes elements by [blue]increasing atomic number (Z)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]بڑھتے ہوئے اٹامک نمبر کی ترتیب سے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پیریڈک ٹیبل میں عناصر کو [blue]اٹامک نمبر کے اضافے[/blue] کی بنیاد پر سجایا گیا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which subatomic particles define the unique chemical identity of an element?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کون سے بنیادی ذرات کسی عنصر کی منفرد کیمیائی شناخت (identity) کو طے کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Number of neutrons&quot;, &quot;Number of protons&quot;, &quot;Orbit shell size&quot;, &quot;Color of electrons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Number of protons[/red] is correct because the proton count is unique and defines the [blue]chemical identity[/blue] of each element.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پروٹانوں کی تعداد (Number of protons)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پروٹانوں کی تعداد ہی کسی عنصر کی [blue]اصل کیمیائی شناخت[/blue] کا تعین کرتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is another common name for the proton number of an atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پروٹان نمبر (proton number) کا دوسرا عام نام کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mass number&quot;, &quot;Atomic number&quot;, &quot;Neutron number&quot;, &quot;Shell number&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Atomic number[/red] is correct because proton number and [blue]atomic number[/blue] refer to the exact same property.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اٹامک نمبر (Atomic number)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پروٹان نمبر کو علمی طور پر [blue]اٹامک نمبر[/blue] بھی کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Mass Number&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the total number of protons and neutrons together in an atom called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی ایٹم میں پروٹانوں اور نیوٹرانوں کی مجموعی تعداد کیا کہلاتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Atomic number&quot;, &quot;Mass number&quot;, &quot;Electron number&quot;, &quot;Shell number&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Mass number[/red] is correct because the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is the [blue]mass number[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ماس نمبر (Mass number)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نیوکلیئس میں موجود پروٹانوں اور نیوٹرانوں کی کل تعداد کو [blue]ماس نمبر[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which letter is used to represent the mass number of an atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایٹم کے ماس نمبر کو کس انگریزی حرف سے ظاہر کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Z&quot;, &quot;A&quot;, &quot;N&quot;, &quot;M&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]A[/red] is correct because the standard symbol for mass number is the capital letter [blue]A[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]حرف A[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کیمسٹری میں ماس نمبر کو [blue]علامت A[/blue] سے ظاہر کیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Because they are found in the nucleus, protons and neutrons are collectively called:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نیوکلیئس میں پائے جانے کی وجہ سے پروٹان اور نیوٹران کو مشترکہ طور پر کیا کہا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Electrons&quot;, &quot;Nucleons&quot;, &quot;Isotopes&quot;, &quot;Core gases&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Nucleons[/red] is correct because particles present inside the nucleus are termed [blue]nucleons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نیوکلیانز (Nucleons)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نیوکلیئس کے اندر موجود ہونے کے باعث پروٹان اور نیوٹران کو مشترکہ طور پر [blue]نیوکلیانز[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A carbon atom contains 6 protons and 6 neutrons, making its mass number:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کاربن کے ایک ایٹم میں 6 پروٹان اور 6 نیوٹران ہوتے ہیں، اس کا ماس نمبر کتنا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;6&quot;, &quot;12&quot;, &quot;18&quot;, &quot;24&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]12[/red] is correct because adding 6 protons and 6 neutrons gives a [blue]mass number of 12 (6 + 6 = 12)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]12[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 6 پروٹانوں اور 6 نیوٹرانوں کا مجموعہ [blue]ماس نمبر 12 (6 + 6)[/blue] بناتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Complete the formula: Mass Number (A) = Atomic Number (Z) + ________?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فارمولا مکمل کریں: ماس نمبر (A) = اٹامک نمبر (Z) + ________؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Electron number&quot;, &quot;Number of neutrons (N)&quot;, &quot;Shell number&quot;, &quot;Proton core&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Number of neutrons (N)[/red] is correct because the mass formula is [blue]A = Z + N[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نیوٹرانوں کی تعداد (N)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ماس نمبر کا فارمولا [blue]A = Z + N[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In chemical formulas, which letter represents the atomic number?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیمیائی فارمولوں میں، کون سا انگریزی حرف اٹامک نمبر (پروٹان نمبر) کو ظاہر کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;A&quot;, &quot;Z&quot;, &quot;N&quot;, &quot;X&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Z[/red] is correct because atomic number is designated by [blue]Z[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]حرف Z[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کیمیائی فارمولوں میں اٹامک نمبر کو [blue]Z[/blue] سے لکھا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What abbreviation is used to represent a specific element in the periodic table?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پیریڈک ٹیبل میں کسی مخصوص عنصر کو ظاہر کرنے کے لیے کون سا مخفف استعمال کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Atomic number&quot;, &quot;Chemical symbol&quot;, &quot;Mass number&quot;, &quot;Chemical equation&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Chemical symbol[/red] is correct because each element is represented by a unique [blue]chemical symbol[/blue] (e.g., H, He).&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیمیکل سمبل (Chemical symbol)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ عناصر کو مختصر ظاہر کرنے کے لیے ان کی [blue]کیمیائی علامت[/blue] استعمال ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Modern Periodic Table&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In the modern periodic table, how are chemical elements systematically arranged?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جدید پیریڈک ٹیبل میں عناصر کو کس بنیاد پر ترتیب دیا گیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;By decreasing proton numbers&quot;, &quot;By increasing number of protons&quot;, &quot;In alphabetical order only&quot;, &quot;By their physical size only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]By increasing number of protons[/red] is correct because elements are ordered by [blue]increasing atomic number[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پروٹانوں کی بڑھتی ہوئی تعداد کے مطابق[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ عناصر کو پیریڈک ٹیبل میں ان کے [blue]اٹامک نمبر کے اضافے[/blue] سے ترتیب دیا گیا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پیریڈک ٹیبل میں افقی قطاروں (horizontal rows) کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Groups&quot;, &quot;Periods&quot;, &quot;Columns&quot;, &quot;Orbits&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Periods[/red] is correct because the horizontal rows in the periodic table are named [blue]periods[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پیریڈز (Periods)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پیریڈک ٹیبل کے اندر افقی قطاروں کو [blue]پیریڈز[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many horizontal periods are there in the modern periodic table?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جدید پیریڈک ٹیبل میں کل کتنے پیریڈز (periods) ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;5 periods&quot;, &quot;7 periods&quot;, &quot;18 periods&quot;, &quot;10 periods&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]7 periods[/red] is correct because the modern periodic table contains exactly [blue]7 horizontal periods[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]7 پیریڈز[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جدید پیریڈک ٹیبل میں افقی قطاروں یعنی پیریڈز کی کل تعداد [blue]7[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Hydrogen and Helium are in Period-1, which means their atoms have:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہائیڈروجن اور ہیلیئم پہلے پیریڈ (Period-1) میں ہیں، اس کا مطلب ہے کہ ان کے پاس کتنے مدار (orbits) ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;One orbit&quot;, &quot;Two orbits&quot;, &quot;Three orbits&quot;, &quot;Five orbits&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]One orbit[/red] is correct because the period number indicates the total number of [blue]electron shells (one orbit)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایک مدار (One orbit)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پہلے پیریڈ کے عناصر کے پاس الیکٹرانز کے لیے صرف [blue]1 مدار یا شیل[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Sodium and Magnesium are in Period-3, meaning their atoms have:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سوڈیم اور میگنیشیم تیسرے پیریڈ (Period-3) میں ہیں، اس کا مطلب ہے کہ ان کے پاس کتنے مدار (orbits) ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;One orbit&quot;, &quot;Two orbits&quot;, &quot;Three orbits&quot;, &quot;Four orbits&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Three orbits[/red] is correct because elements in Period-3 possess [blue]three electron shells[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]تین مدار (Three orbits)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ تیسرے پیریڈ کے تمام عناصر کے پاس [blue]3 الیکٹران شیلز[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پیریڈک ٹیبل میں عمودی کالموں (vertical columns) کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Periods&quot;, &quot;Groups&quot;, &quot;Orbits&quot;, &quot;Shells&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Groups[/red] is correct because the vertical columns in the table are designated as [blue]groups[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]گروپس (Groups)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پیریڈک ٹیبل کے عمودی کالموں کو [blue]گروپس[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many vertical groups are there in the modern periodic table?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جدید پیریڈک ٹیبل میں کل کتنے عمودی گروپس (groups) پائے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;7 groups&quot;, &quot;18 groups&quot;, &quot;10 groups&quot;, &quot;25 groups&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]18 groups[/red] is correct because there are [blue]18 vertical columns (groups)[/blue] in the periodic table.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]18 گروپس[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ جدید پیریڈک ٹیبل میں عمودی کالموں یعنی گروپس کی کل تعداد [blue]18[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following noble gases are found in Group 18 of the periodic table?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پیریڈک ٹیبل کے گروپ 18 میں کون سی نوبل گیسیں (noble gases) پائی جاتی ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Helium and Neon&quot;, &quot;Argon, Radon, Krypton, and Xenon&quot;, &quot;Oxygen and Nitrogen&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because Group 18 comprises all noble gases including [blue]He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ گروپ 18 میں ہیلیئم، نیون، آرگان، کرپٹان، زینان اور ریڈان جیسی [blue]تمام نوبل گیسیں[/blue] شامل ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following is a physical property of the noble gases in Group 18?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گروپ 18 کی نوبل گیسوں کی طبعی خصوصیات میں درج ذیل میں سے کس کا شمار ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Low melting and boiling points&quot;, &quot;Colourless, odourless, and non-flammable&quot;, &quot;Highly colorful and sweet tasting&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because noble gases have [blue]low boiling points and are colourless/odourless[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نوبل گیسیں بے رنگ، بے بو اور [blue]انتہائی کم نقطہ پگھلاؤ اور ابلاؤ[/blue] رکھنے والی ہوتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why is Group 18 also referred to as a low chemical reactive group?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;گروپ 18 کے عناصر کو کم کیمیائی ردِعمل ظاہر کرنے والا گروپ (low chemical reactive group) کیوں کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because they react instantly with water&quot;, &quot;Because they have low chemical reactivity&quot;, &quot;Because they are highly solid metals&quot;, &quot;Because they burn extremely easily&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Because they have low chemical reactivity[/red] is correct because their [blue]full valence shells[/blue] make them inert.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کیونکہ ان کا کیمیائی ردِعمل بہت کم ہوتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مکمل بیرونی شیل رکھنے کی وجہ سے وہ [blue]غیر عامل (inert)[/blue] ہوتی ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Finding The Number Of Protons&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The number of protons in an atom is always equal to what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی ایٹم میں پروٹانوں کی تعداد ہمیشہ کس کے برابر ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mass number&quot;, &quot;Atomic number&quot;, &quot;Neutron number&quot;, &quot;Electron shell count&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Atomic number[/red] is correct because the proton count directly equals the [blue]atomic number[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اٹامک نمبر کے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کسی بھی ایٹم کے پروٹانوں کی تعداد اس کے [blue]اٹامک نمبر[/blue] کے برابر ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;According to the periodic table, what is the atomic number of oxygen?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پیریڈک ٹیبل کے مطابق، آکسیجن (oxygen) کا اٹامک نمبر کتنا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Six&quot;, &quot;Eight&quot;, &quot;Sixteen&quot;, &quot;Two&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Eight[/red] is correct because oxygen has [blue]8 protons (Z = 8)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]آٹھ (8)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پیریڈک ٹیبل کے مطابق آکسیجن کا [blue]اٹامک نمبر 8[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Where is the atomic number of an element typically placed in the periodic table?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پیریڈک ٹیبل میں کسی عنصر کا اٹامک نمبر عام طور پر اس کے کیمیکل سمبل (علامت) کے کس طرف لکھا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Below the symbol&quot;, &quot;Above the symbol&quot;, &quot;Inside the symbol&quot;, &quot;On the left side of the symbol&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Above the symbol[/red] is correct because the atomic number is displayed [blue]directly above the chemical symbol[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]علامت کے اوپر (Above the symbol)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پیریڈک ٹیبل میں اٹامک نمبر عام طور پر عنصر کی [blue]علامت کے اوپر[/blue] لکھا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Since the atomic number of oxygen is eight, how many protons does it have?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چونکہ آکسیجن کا اٹامک نمبر آٹھ ہے، اس کا مطلب ہے کہ اس کے پاس کتنے پروٹان ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2 protons&quot;, &quot;6 protons&quot;, &quot;8 protons&quot;, &quot;16 protons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]8 protons[/red] is correct because an atomic number of 8 denotes [blue]8 protons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]8 پروٹان[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اٹامک نمبر 8 ہونے کا مطلب نیوکلیئس میں [blue]8 پروٹانوں[/blue] کا موجود ہونا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Finding The Number Of Neutrons&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How can the number of neutrons in an atom be calculated?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی ایٹم میں نیوٹرانوں کی تعداد کا حساب کیسے لگایا جا سکتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;By adding protons and electrons together&quot;, &quot;By subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass&quot;, &quot;By multiplying mass number by two&quot;, &quot;By dividing electrons by protons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]By subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass[/red] is correct because [blue]N = A - Z[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اٹامک ماس میں سے اٹامک نمبر تفریق کر کے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فارمولا [blue]N = A - Z[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Where can you easily find both the atomic number and the atomic mass of chemical elements?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کیمیائی عناصر کا اٹامک نمبر اور اٹامک ماس دونوں کس جگہ سے آسانی سے مل سکتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;In the periodic table&quot;, &quot;Only in biology textbook tables&quot;, &quot;In fresh water samples&quot;, &quot;On a scientific thermometer scale&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]In the periodic table[/red] is correct because the [blue]periodic table[/blue] systematically catalogs both properties.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پیریڈک ٹیبل میں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ تمام عناصر کا اٹامک نمبر اور ماس [blue]پیریڈک ٹیبل[/blue] میں واضح درج ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Where is the mass number of an element typically placed relative to its symbol in the periodic table?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پیریڈک ٹیبل میں کسی عنصر کا ماس نمبر (mass number) عام طور پر اس کی علامت کے کس طرف لکھا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Above the symbol&quot;, &quot;Below the symbol&quot;, &quot;On the left of the symbol&quot;, &quot;Inside the chemical symbol&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Below the symbol[/red] is correct because the atomic mass is typically printed [blue]directly below the symbol[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]علامت کے نیچے (Below the symbol)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ماس نمبر عام طور پر عنصر کی [blue]علامت کے نیچے[/blue] درج ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the mathematical formula used to find the number of neutrons in an atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نیوٹرانوں کی تعداد معلوم کرنے کے لیے کون سا ریاضیاتی فارمولا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Z + A&quot;, &quot;A - Z&quot;, &quot;Z x A&quot;, &quot;A / Z&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]A - Z[/red] is correct because Neutrons (N) = [blue]Mass Number (A) - Atomic Number (Z)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A - Z[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نیوٹرانوں کی تعداد [blue]ماس نمبر (A) منفی اٹامک نمبر (Z)[/blue] سے معلوم کی جاتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Finding The Number Of Electrons&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is always equal to which value?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک عام نیوٹرل ایٹم میں الیکٹرانوں کی تعداد ہمیشہ کس مادی قیمت کے برابر ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Mass number&quot;, &quot;Atomic number&quot;, &quot;Neutron number&quot;, &quot;Electron shell count&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Atomic number[/red] is correct because in a neutral atom, total electrons equal the [blue]atomic number (protons)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]اٹامک نمبر کے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نیوٹرل ایٹم میں الیکٹرانوں کی تعداد [blue]اٹامک نمبر[/blue] کے برابر ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In a neutral atom, the number of negative electrons is always equal to the number of which positive particles?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک نیوٹرل ایٹم میں منفی الیکٹرانوں کی تعداد ہمیشہ کس مثبت ذرے کی تعداد کے برابر ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Neutrons&quot;, &quot;Protons&quot;, &quot;Molecules&quot;, &quot;Orbit shells&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Protons[/red] is correct because negative electrons balance out positive [blue]protons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پروٹان (Protons)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایٹم کی برقی غیر جانبداری کے لیے الیکٹرانز اور [blue]مثبت پروٹانز[/blue] کی تعداد مساوی ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Since an oxygen atom has 8 protons in its nucleus, how many electrons does it have?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;چونکہ آکسیجن کے نیوکلیئس میں 8 پروٹان ہوتے ہیں، اس لیے آکسیجن کے پاس کتنے الیکٹران موجود ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;4 electrons&quot;, &quot;8 electrons&quot;, &quot;16 electrons&quot;, &quot;2 electrons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]8 electrons[/red] is correct because a neutral oxygen atom must have [blue]8 electrons[/blue] to balance 8 protons.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]8 الیکٹران[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نیوٹرل آکسیجن ایٹم کے پاس 8 پروٹانوں کو متوازن کرنے کے لیے [blue]8 الیکٹران[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is true about the electrical charges of electrons and protons?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;الیکٹران اور پروٹان کے برقی چارجز کے بارے میں کون سی بات درست ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;They have the same exact charges&quot;, &quot;They have opposite charges&quot;, &quot;Both are completely neutral particles&quot;, &quot;They possess no electrical charges&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]They have opposite charges[/red] is correct because protons are positive and electrons are [blue]opposite (negative)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ان کے چارجز مخالف ہوتے ہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پروٹان پر مثبت اور الیکٹران پر [blue]منفی (مخالف)[/blue] چارج ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What happens when the opposite charges of protons and electrons cancel each other out?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب پروٹان اور الیکٹران کے مخالف چارجز ایک دوسرے کے اثر کو ختم (cancel) کر دیتے ہیں تو کیا ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;The atom becomes highly positive&quot;, &quot;The atom remains electrically neutral&quot;, &quot;The atom turns into a large molecule&quot;, &quot;The atom breaks apart instantly&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]The atom remains electrically neutral[/red] is correct because balanced charges make the overall atom [blue]neutral[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایٹم برقی طور پر نیوٹرل رہتا ہے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مخالف چارجز ختم ہو کر ایٹم کو [blue]نیوٹرل (neutral)[/blue] رکھتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;An atom has an atomic number of 9 and a mass number of 19. How many protons does it have?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک ایٹم کا اٹامک نمبر 9 اور ماس نمبر 19 ہے۔ اس میں پروٹانوں کی کل تعداد کتنی ہوگی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;9&quot;, &quot;10&quot;, &quot;19&quot;, &quot;28&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]9[/red] is correct because the proton number is identical to the [blue]atomic number (9)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]9[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پروٹانوں کی تعداد ایٹم کے [blue]اٹامک نمبر (9)[/blue] کے برابر ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;An atom has an atomic number of 9 and a mass number of 19. How many electrons does it contain?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک ایٹم کا اٹامک نمبر 9 اور ماس نمبر 19 ہے۔ اس ایٹم میں کتنے الیکٹران پائے جائیں گے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;19&quot;, &quot;10&quot;, &quot;9&quot;, &quot;28&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]9[/red] is correct because in a neutral atom, electrons equal the [blue]atomic number (9)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]9[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نیوٹرل ایٹم میں الیکٹرانوں کی تعداد اٹامک نمبر یعنی [blue]9[/blue] ہی ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;An atom has an atomic number of 9 and a mass number of 19. How many neutrons are in its nucleus?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک ایٹم کا اٹامک نمبر 9 اور ماس نمبر 19 ہے۔ اس کے نیوکلیئس میں نیوٹرانوں کی تعداد کتنی ہوگی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;9&quot;, &quot;10&quot;, &quot;19&quot;, &quot;28&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]10[/red] is correct because subtracting atomic number from mass number yields [blue]10 (19 - 9 = 10)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]10[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ماس نمبر میں سے اٹامک نمبر تفریق کرنے سے نیوٹران [blue]10 (19 - 9 = 10)[/blue] حاصل ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Distribution Of Electrons In Shells&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Electrons revolve around the nucleus in which way?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;الیکٹران نیوکلیئس کے گرد کس طرح گردش کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;In straight vertical lines&quot;, &quot;In fixed circular paths&quot;, &quot;In random zig-zag lines&quot;, &quot;Inside the solid protons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]In fixed circular paths[/red] is correct because electrons orbit the nucleus in [blue]fixed circular energy paths[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مخصوص گول راستوں میں (In fixed circular paths)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ الیکٹران نیوکلیئس کے گرد [blue]مخصوص دائروں[/blue] میں گھومتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the fixed circular paths around the nucleus called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نیوکلیئس کے گرد الیکٹران کی گردش کے ان مخصوص گول راستوں کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Core zones&quot;, &quot;Shells&quot;, &quot;Neutrons&quot;, &quot;Atoms&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Shells[/red] is correct because the energy pathways where electrons orbit are defined as [blue]shells (or orbits)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]شیلز (Shells)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ الیکٹران کی گردش کے مخصوص گول راستوں کو [blue]شیلز یا مدار[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the distribution of electrons in different shells of an atom called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایٹم کے مختلف شیلز میں الیکٹرانوں کی منظم تقسیم (distribution) کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Atomic weight&quot;, &quot;Electronic configuration&quot;, &quot;Molecular design&quot;, &quot;Chemical reaction&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Electronic configuration[/red] is correct because the arrangement of electrons in shells is called [blue]electronic configuration[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]الیکٹرانک کنفیگریشن (Electronic configuration)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ شیلز میں الیکٹرانوں کی ترتیب کو [blue]الیکٹرانک کنفیگریشن[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which formula is used to calculate the maximum number of electrons a shell can hold?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی شیل میں الیکٹرانوں کی زیادہ سے زیادہ گنجائش معلوم کرنے کے لیے کون سا ریاضیاتی فارمولا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;n²&quot;, &quot;2n²&quot;, &quot;2n&quot;, &quot;4n²&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]2n²[/red] is correct because the maximum electron capacity of shell &#39;n&#39; is given by [blue]2n²[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]2n²[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کسی بھی شیل میں زیادہ سے زیادہ الیکٹران گنجائش کا فارمولا [blue]2n²[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In the electron distribution formula 2n², what does the letter &#39;n&#39; represent?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;الیکٹران کی گنجائش معلوم کرنے کے فارمولے 2n² میں انگریزی کا چھوٹا حرف &#39;n&#39; کس کو ظاہر کرتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Number of neutrons&quot;, &quot;Number of the shell&quot;, &quot;Total protons&quot;, &quot;Nuclear weight&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Number of the shell[/red] is correct because &#39;n&#39; represents the [blue]principal quantum/shell number[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]شیل کا نمبر (Number of the shell)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اس فارمولے میں &#39;n&#39; سے مراد [blue]شیل کا نمبر[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What are the names of the first three electron shells of an atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایٹم کے پہلے تین الیکٹران شیلز (shells) کو بالترتیب کن ناموں سے پکارا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;X, Y, Z&quot;, &quot;K, L, M&quot;, &quot;A, B, C&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]K, L, M[/red] is correct because the first three consecutive shells are labeled [blue]K, L, and M[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]K, L, M[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پہلے تین شیلز کو بالترتیب [blue]K، L اور M[/blue] کے نام دیے گئے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many electrons can the first shell (K shell) of an atom hold?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایٹم کے سب سے پہلے شیل یعنی کے-شیل (K shell) میں زیادہ سے زیادہ کتنے الیکٹران سما سکتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2 electrons&quot;, &quot;8 electrons&quot;, &quot;18 electrons&quot;, &quot;32 electrons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]2 electrons[/red] is correct because for n=1, capacity is [blue]2(1)² = 2 electrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]2 الیکٹران[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فارمولے 2(1)² کے تحت K شیل میں زیادہ سے زیادہ [blue]2 الیکٹران[/blue] آ سکتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many electrons can the second shell (L shell) of an atom hold?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایٹم کے دوسرے شیل یعنی ایل-شیل (L shell) میں زیادہ سے زیادہ کتنے الیکٹران سما سکتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2 electrons&quot;, &quot;8 electrons&quot;, &quot;18 electrons&quot;, &quot;32 electrons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]8 electrons[/red] is correct because for n=2, capacity is [blue]2(2)² = 8 electrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]8 الیکٹران[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فارمولے 2(2)² کے مطابق L شیل میں زیادہ سے زیادہ [blue]8 الیکٹران[/blue] سما سکتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many electrons can the third shell (M shell) of an atom hold?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایٹم کے تیسرے شیل یعنی ایم-شیل (M shell) میں زیادہ سے زیادہ کتنے الیکٹران سما سکتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2 electrons&quot;, &quot;8 electrons&quot;, &quot;18 electrons&quot;, &quot;32 electrons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]18 electrons[/red] is correct because for n=3, capacity is [blue]2(3)² = 18 electrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]18 الیکٹران[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ فارمولے 2(3)² کے مطابق M شیل میں زیادہ سے زیادہ [blue]18 الیکٹران[/blue] سما سکتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the electronic configuration of Hydrogen (H), which has an atomic number of 1?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہائیڈروجن (H) کی الیکٹرانک کنفیگریشن کیا ہے جس کا اٹامک نمبر 1 ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;1 in K shell&quot;, &quot;2 in K shell&quot;, &quot;2 in K, 1 in L shell&quot;, &quot;8 in K shell&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]1 in K shell[/red] is correct because Hydrogen has only [blue]1 electron in its first shell (K)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]K شیل میں 1[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہائیڈروجن کا واحد الیکٹران [blue]K شیل[/blue] میں موجود ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Helium (He) has an atomic number of 2. How are its electrons distributed?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہیلیئم (He) کا اٹامک نمبر 2 ہے۔ اس کے الیکٹرانز کی تقسیم کیسے ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;1 in K shell&quot;, &quot;2 in K shell&quot;, &quot;2 in K, 8 in L shell&quot;, &quot;8 in K shell&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]2 in K shell[/red] is correct because Helium completely fills its first energy level with [blue]2 electrons in the K shell[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]K شیل میں 2[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہیلیئم کے 2 الیکٹران [blue]K شیل کو مکمل بھر[/blue] دیتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the electronic configuration of Lithium (Li), which has 3 electrons?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لیتھیئم (Li) کی الیکٹرانک کنفیگریشن کیا ہے جس کے پاس 3 الیکٹران ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2 in K, 1 in L&quot;, &quot;3 in K&quot;, &quot;1 in K, 2 in L&quot;, &quot;2 in K, 8 in L&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]2 in K, 1 in L[/red] is correct because Lithium has [blue]2 electrons in K and 1 in L[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]K میں 2، L میں 1[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ لیتھیئم کے 3 الیکٹرانز [blue]K میں 2 اور L میں 1[/blue] کے طور پر ترتیب پاتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Beryllium (Be) has an atomic number of 4. What is its electron distribution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;بیریلیئم (Be) کا اٹامک نمبر 4 ہے۔ اس کے الیکٹرانز کی تقسیم کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;4 in K&quot;, &quot;2 in K, 2 in L&quot;, &quot;2 in K, 8 in L&quot;, &quot;3 in K, 1 in L&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]2 in K, 2 in L[/red] is correct because Beryllium distributes its 4 electrons as [blue]2 in K and 2 in L[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]K میں 2، L میں 2[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بیریلیئم کے 4 الیکٹران [blue]K شیل میں 2 اور L شیل میں 2[/blue] تقسیم ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Boron (B) has 5 protons and 5 electrons. How are its electrons distributed?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;بوران (B) کے پاس 5 الیکٹران ہوتے ہیں۔ اس کے الیکٹرانز کی تقسیم کیسے ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;5 in K&quot;, &quot;2 in K, 3 in L&quot;, &quot;2 in K, 8 in L&quot;, &quot;3 in K, 2 in L&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]2 in K, 3 in L[/red] is correct because Boron places [blue]2 electrons in K and 3 in L[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]K میں 2، L میں 3[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بوران کے 5 الیکٹران [blue]K میں 2 اور L میں 3[/blue] رکھے جاتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Carbon (C) has an atomic number of 6. What is its electronic configuration?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کاربن (C) کا اٹامک نمبر 6 ہے۔ اس کی الیکٹرانک کنفیگریشن کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2 in K, 4 in L&quot;, &quot;6 in K&quot;, &quot;2 in K, 8 in L&quot;, &quot;4 in K, 2 in L&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]2 in K, 4 in L[/red] is correct because Carbon distributes 6 electrons as [blue]2 in K and 4 in L[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]K میں 2، L میں 4[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کاربن کے 6 الیکٹرانز کی ترتیب [blue]K میں 2 اور L میں 4[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Nitrogen (N) has 7 protons and 7 neutrons. What is its atomic number?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نائٹروجن (N) کے ایٹم میں 7 پروٹان اور 7 نیوٹران ہوتے ہیں۔ اس کا اٹامک نمبر کتنا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;7&quot;, &quot;14&quot;, &quot;2&quot;, &quot;8&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]7[/red] is correct because the atomic number is the number of protons, which is [blue]7[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]7[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نائٹروجن میں 7 پروٹان ہیں اس لیے اس کا [blue]اٹامک نمبر 7[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the electronic configuration of Oxygen (O), which has an atomic number of 8?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;آکسیجن (O) کی الیکٹرانک کنفیگریشن کیا ہے جس کا اٹامک نمبر 8 ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;8 in K&quot;, &quot;2 in K, 6 in L&quot;, &quot;2 in K, 8 in L&quot;, &quot;6 in K, 2 in L&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]2 in K, 6 in L[/red] is correct because Oxygen places [blue]2 electrons in K and 6 in L[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]K میں 2، L میں 6[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آکسیجن کے 8 الیکٹران [blue]K میں 2 اور L میں 6[/blue] کی شکل میں تقسیم ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Fluorine (F) has 9 protons and 10 neutrons. What is its mass number (protons + neutrons)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فلورین (F) میں 9 پروٹان اور 10 نیوٹران ہوتے ہیں۔ اس کا ماس نمبر کتنا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;9&quot;, &quot;10&quot;, &quot;19&quot;, &quot;28&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]19[/red] is correct because 9 protons + 10 neutrons = [blue]mass number of 19[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]19[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 9 پروٹان اور 10 نیوٹران کا مجموعہ [blue]ماس نمبر 19 (9 + 10 = 19)[/blue] بناتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Neon (Ne) has an atomic number of 10. What is its electron distribution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نیون (Ne) کا اٹامک نمبر 10 ہے۔ اس کے الیکٹرانز کی تقسیم کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2 in K, 8 in L&quot;, &quot;10 in K&quot;, &quot;2 in K, 2 in L&quot;, &quot;8 in K, 2 in L&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]2 in K, 8 in L[/red] is correct because Neon completely fills its shells with [blue]2 in K and 8 in L[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]K میں 2، L میں 8[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نیون کے 10 الیکٹران [blue]K میں 2 اور L میں 8[/blue] کی مکمل ترتیب رکھتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Sodium (Na) has 11 protons and 12 neutrons. What is its chemical symbol?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سوڈیم جس کے پاس 11 پروٹان اور 12 نیوٹران ہیں، اس کا کیمیائی سمبل (علامت) کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;S&quot;, &quot;So&quot;, &quot;Na&quot;, &quot;Mg&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Na[/red] is correct because the chemical symbol for Sodium is derived from [blue]Natrium (Na)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]Na[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سوڈیم کی کیمیائی علامت لاطینی نام نیٹریم کی مناسبت سے [blue]Na[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the electronic configuration of Magnesium (Mg), which has 12 electrons?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;میگنیشیم (Mg) کی الیکٹرانک کنفیگریشن کیا ہے جس کے پاس 12 الیکٹران ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2 in K, 8 in L, 2 in M&quot;, &quot;2 in K, 10 in L&quot;, &quot;12 in K&quot;, &quot;2 in K, 2 in L, 8 in M&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]2 in K, 8 in L, 2 in M[/red] is correct because Magnesium arranges 12 electrons as [blue]2, 8, 2[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]K میں 2، L میں 8، M میں 2[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ میگنیشیم کے 12 الیکٹران [blue]2, 8, 2[/blue] کی ترتیب میں آتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Aluminium (Al) has an atomic number of 13 and 14 neutrons. What is its mass number?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایلومینیم (Al) کا اٹامک نمبر 13 ہے اور اس میں 14 نیوٹران ہیں۔ اس کا ماس نمبر کیا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;13&quot;, &quot;14&quot;, &quot;27&quot;, &quot;40&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]27[/red] is correct because 13 protons + 14 neutrons = [blue]mass number of 27[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]27[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 13 پروٹان اور 14 نیوٹران مل کر [blue]ماس نمبر 27 (13 + 14 = 27)[/blue] بناتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Silicon (Si) has an atomic number of 14. What is its electron distribution?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سلیکان (Si) کا اٹامک نمبر 14 ہے۔ اس کے الیکٹرانز کی تقسیم کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2 in K, 8 in L, 4 in M&quot;, &quot;2 in K, 12 in L&quot;, &quot;14 in K&quot;, &quot;8 in K, 2 in L, 4 in M&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]2 in K, 8 in L, 4 in M[/red] is correct because Silicon has [blue]2 in K, 8 in L, and 4 in M[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]K میں 2، L میں 8، M میں 4[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سلیکان کے 14 الیکٹران [blue]2, 8, 4[/blue] کی ترتیب میں پائے جاتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Phosphorus (P) has 15 protons and 16 neutrons. How many electrons does a neutral Phosphorus atom have?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فاسفورس (P) کے پاس 15 پروٹان اور 16 نیوٹران ہوتے ہیں۔ ایک عام فاسفورس ایٹم میں کتنے الیکٹران ہوں گے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;15&quot;, &quot;16&quot;, &quot;31&quot;, &quot;8&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]15[/red] is correct because neutral Phosphorus has electrons equal to its [blue]15 protons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]15[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ غیر جانبدار فاسفورس کے پاس پروٹانوں کے برابر [blue]15 الیکٹران[/blue] ہوں گے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the electronic configuration of Sulphur (S), which has an atomic number of 16?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;سلفر (S) کی الیکٹرانک کنفیگریشن کیا ہے جس کا اٹامک نمبر 16 ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2 in K, 8 in L, 6 in M&quot;, &quot;2 in K, 14 in L&quot;, &quot;16 in K&quot;, &quot;6 in K, 8 in L, 2 in M&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]2 in K, 8 in L, 6 in M[/red] is correct because Sulphur arranges its 16 electrons as [blue]2, 8, 6[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]K میں 2، L میں 8، M میں 6[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ سلفر کے 16 الیکٹران [blue]2, 8, 6[/blue] کی شکل میں تقسیم ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Chlorine (Cl) has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. What is its mass number?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کلورین (Cl) میں 17 پروٹان اور 18 نیوٹران ہوتے ہیں۔ اس کا ماس نمبر کیا ہوگا؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;17&quot;, &quot;18&quot;, &quot;35&quot;, &quot;45&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]35[/red] is correct because 17 protons + 18 neutrons = [blue]mass number of 35[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]35[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 17 پروٹان اور 18 نیوٹران مل کر [blue]ماس نمبر 35 (17 + 18 = 35)[/blue] بناتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Argon (Ar) has an atomic number of 18. What is its electron distribution in shells K, L, M?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نوبل گیس آرگان (Ar) کا اٹامک نمبر 18 ہے۔ اس کی الیکٹرانک کنفیگریشن کیا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2 in K, 8 in L, 8 in M&quot;, &quot;2 in K, 10 in L, 6 in M&quot;, &quot;18 in K&quot;, &quot;8 in K, 8 in L, 2 in M&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]2 in K, 8 in L, 8 in M[/red] is correct because Argon distributes its 18 electrons as [blue]2, 8, 8[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]K میں 2، L میں 8، M میں 8[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آرگان کے 18 الیکٹران [blue]2, 8, 8[/blue] کے طور پر مستحکم ترتیب پاتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many protons are present in the nucleus of a Hydrogen atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہائیڈروجن کے ایک ایٹم میں کتنے پروٹان پائے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;0&quot;, &quot;1&quot;, &quot;2&quot;, &quot;6&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]1[/red] is correct because Hydrogen has exactly [blue]1 proton[/blue] in its nucleus.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]1[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہائیڈروجن کے نیوکلیئس میں صرف [blue]1 پروٹان[/blue] موجود ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many electrons orbit the nucleus of a neutral Hydrogen atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک عام ہائیڈروجن ایٹم میں کتنے الیکٹران نیوکلیئس کے گرد گردش کرتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;0&quot;, &quot;1&quot;, &quot;2&quot;, &quot;8&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]1[/red] is correct because a neutral Hydrogen atom possesses [blue]1 electron[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]1[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہائیڈروجن ایٹم کے بیرونی مدار میں صرف [blue]1 الیکٹران[/blue] چکر لگاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many neutrons are typically present in a common Hydrogen atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;عام ہائیڈروجن کے ایٹم میں کتنے نیوٹران پائے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;0&quot;, &quot;1&quot;, &quot;2&quot;, &quot;4&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]0[/red] is correct because standard Hydrogen (Protium) has [blue]0 neutrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]0[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ عام ہائیڈروجن کے نیوکلیئس میں [blue]کوئی نیوٹران (0)[/blue] نہیں ہوتا۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the electron arrangement in the first shell (K shell) of a Hydrogen atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ہائیڈروجن ایٹم کے پہلے شیل (K شیل) میں الیکٹران کی کیا ترتیب ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;K 2&quot;, &quot;K 1&quot;, &quot;K 8&quot;, &quot;K 4&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]K 1[/red] is correct because its single electron resides in the [blue]K shell (K 1)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]K 1[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہائیڈروجن کا واحد الیکٹران پہلے شیل [blue]K میں (K 1)[/blue] موجود ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many protons are present in the nucleus of a Lithium atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لیتھیئم (Lithium) کے ایک ایٹم میں کتنے پروٹان پائے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;1&quot;, &quot;2&quot;, &quot;3&quot;, &quot;4&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]3[/red] is correct because Lithium has an atomic number of 3, meaning [blue]3 protons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]3[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ لیتھیئم کا اٹامک نمبر 3 ہے اس لیے اس میں [blue]3 پروٹان[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many electrons orbit around the nucleus of a neutral Lithium atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لیتھیئم کے ایک نیوٹرل ایٹم میں کتنے الیکٹران نیوکلیئس کے گرد چکر لگاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;1&quot;, &quot;2&quot;, &quot;3&quot;, &quot;4&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]3[/red] is correct because a neutral Lithium atom contains [blue]3 electrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]3[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ لیتھیئم کے مداروں میں کل [blue]3 الیکٹران[/blue] گردش کرتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many neutrons are located inside the nucleus of a standard Lithium atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لیتھیئم کے ایٹم کے نیوکلیئس کے اندر کتنے نیوٹران پائے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2&quot;, &quot;3&quot;, &quot;4&quot;, &quot;7&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]4[/red] is correct because Lithium-7 has [blue]4 neutrons (7 - 3 = 4)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]4[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ لیتھیئم کے نیوکلیئس میں نیوٹرانوں کی تعداد [blue]4[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the electronic configuration of a Lithium atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لیتھیئم ایٹم کی الیکٹرانک کنفیگریشن کیا ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;K=1 L=2&quot;, &quot;K=2 L=1&quot;, &quot;K=3 L=0&quot;, &quot;K=2 L=8&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]K=2 L=1[/red] is correct because Lithium arranges its 3 electrons as [blue]K=2 and L=1[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]K=2 L=1[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ لیتھیئم کے 3 الیکٹران [blue]K=2 اور L=1[/blue] میں تقسیم ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;In a Lithium atom, how are the electrons distributed in the first and second shells?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;لیتھیئم ایٹم میں پہلے اور دوسرے شیل میں الیکٹرانز کیسے تقسیم ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Shell 1 has 2 electrons&quot;, &quot;Shell 2 has 1 electron&quot;, &quot;Shell 1 has 3 electrons&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because [blue]Shell 1 has 2 electrons and Shell 2 has 1 electron[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ لیتھیئم کے [blue]پہلے شیل میں 2 اور دوسرے شیل میں 1 الیکٹران[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A Boron atom has an atomic number of 5, which means it contains how many protons and electrons?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;بوران (Boron) کا اٹامک نمبر 5 ہے، اس کا مطلب ہے کہ اس کے پاس کتنے پروٹان اور الیکٹران ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;3 protons and 3 electrons&quot;, &quot;5 protons and 5 electrons&quot;, &quot;6 protons and 6 electrons&quot;, &quot;8 protons and 8 electrons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]5 protons and 5 electrons[/red] is correct because an atomic number of 5 gives [blue]5 protons and 5 electrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]5 پروٹان اور 5 الیکٹران[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اٹامک نمبر 5 کی وجہ سے اس کے پاس [blue]5 پروٹان اور 5 الیکٹران[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many neutrons are present in the nucleus of a standard Boron atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;بوران کے ایٹم کے نیوکلیئس میں کتنے نیوٹران پائے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2&quot;, &quot;5&quot;, &quot;6&quot;, &quot;8&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]6[/red] is correct because standard Boron-11 contains [blue]6 neutrons (11 - 5 = 6)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]6[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ عام بوران کے نیوکلیئس میں [blue]6 نیوٹران[/blue] پائے جاتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the electronic configuration of a Boron atom (having 5 electrons)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;بوران ایٹم کی الیکٹرانک کنفیگریشن کیا ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;K=1 L=4&quot;, &quot;K=2 L=3&quot;, &quot;K=3 L=2&quot;, &quot;K=2 L=8&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]K=2 L=3[/red] is correct because Boron distributes 5 electrons as [blue]K=2 and L=3[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]K=2 L=3[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بوران کی الیکٹرانک ترتیب [blue]K=2 اور L=3[/blue] ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;An Oxygen atom has an atomic number of 8, which means it contains how many protons and electrons?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;آکسیجن (Oxygen) کا اٹامک نمبر 8 ہے، اس کا مطلب ہے کہ اس کے پاس کتنے پروٹان اور الیکٹران ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;6 protons and 6 electrons&quot;, &quot;8 protons and 8 electrons&quot;, &quot;16 protons and 16 electrons&quot;, &quot;2 protons and 2 electrons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]8 protons and 8 electrons[/red] is correct because an atomic number of 8 means [blue]8 protons and 8 electrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]8 پروٹان اور 8 الیکٹران[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آکسیجن کے پاس [blue]8 پروٹان اور 8 الیکٹران[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many neutrons are located inside the nucleus of a standard Oxygen atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;آکسیجن کے ایٹم کے نیوکلیئس میں کتنے نیوٹران پائے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2&quot;, &quot;6&quot;, &quot;8&quot;, &quot;16&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]8[/red] is correct because Oxygen-16 has [blue]8 neutrons (16 - 8 = 8)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]8[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آکسیجن کے نیوکلیئس میں نیوٹرانوں کی تعداد [blue]8[/blue] ہوتی ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the electronic configuration of an Oxygen atom (having 8 electrons)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;آکسیجن ایٹم کی الیکٹرانک کنفیگریشن کیا ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;K=2 L=6&quot;, &quot;K=1 L=7&quot;, &quot;K=2 L=8&quot;, &quot;K=4 L=4&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]K=2 L=6[/red] is correct because Oxygen has 8 electrons configured as [blue]K=2 and L=6[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]K=2 L=6[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ آکسیجن کے 8 الیکٹران [blue]K=2 اور L=6[/blue] کی ترتیب میں آتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;A Chlorine atom has an atomic number of 17, meaning it has how many protons and electrons?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کلورین (Chlorine) کا اٹامک نمبر 17 ہے، اس کا مطلب ہے کہ اس کے پاس کتنے پروٹان اور الیکٹران ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;17 protons and 17 electrons&quot;, &quot;18 protons and 18 electrons&quot;, &quot;35 protons and 35 electrons&quot;, &quot;8 protons and 8 electrons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]17 protons and 17 electrons[/red] is correct because atomic number 17 gives [blue]17 protons and 17 electrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]17 پروٹان اور 17 الیکٹران[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کلورین کا اٹامک نمبر 17 ہے جس سے اس کے پاس [blue]17 پروٹان اور 17 الیکٹران[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How many neutrons are located inside the nucleus of a standard Chlorine atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کلورین کے ایٹم کے نیوکلیئس میں کتنے نیوٹران پائے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;17&quot;, &quot;18&quot;, &quot;35&quot;, &quot;8&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]18[/red] is correct because standard Chlorine-35 contains [blue]18 neutrons (35 - 17 = 18)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]18[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کلورین-35 کے نیوکلیئس میں [blue]18 نیوٹران (35 - 17 = 18)[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;How are electrons distributed in the first two shells of a Chlorine atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;فراہم کردہ متن کے مطابق، کلورین ایٹم کے پہلے دو شیلز میں الیکٹرانز کیسے تقسیم ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Shell 1 has 2 electrons&quot;, &quot;Shell 2 has 8 electrons&quot;, &quot;Shell 1 has 8 electrons&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because [blue]Shell 1 has 2 and Shell 2 has 8 electrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کلورین کے [blue]پہلے شیل میں 2 اور دوسرے شیل میں 8 الیکٹران[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
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    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Do You Know?&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why are atoms of noble gases stable and less chemically reactive?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نوبل گیسوں (noble gases) کے ایٹم کیوں مستحکم اور کیمیائی طور پر کم ردِعمل ظاہر کرنے والے ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Because they possess no central nucleus&quot;, &quot;Due to their complete outermost shells&quot;, &quot;Because they are solid metal elements&quot;, &quot;Because they have too many neutrons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Due to their complete outermost shells[/red] is correct because [blue]full valence shells[/blue] provide chemical stability.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ان کے سب سے بیرونی شیل مکمل ہونے کی وجہ سے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ [blue]مکمل بیرونی شیلز[/blue] ایٹم کو کیمیائی استحکام فراہم کرتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the state called when the first shell is filled with its maximum capacity of two electrons?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب پہلے شیل میں الیکٹرانوں کی زیادہ سے زیادہ گنجائش یعنی دو الیکٹران بھر جائیں، تو اس حالت کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Octet rule&quot;, &quot;Duplet rule&quot;, &quot;Shell rule&quot;, &quot;Neutron rule&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Duplet rule[/red] is correct because having two electrons in the first shell is known as a [blue]duplet[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ڈوپلیٹ رول (Duplet rule)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پہلے شیل میں 2 الیکٹران مکمل ہونے کو [blue]ڈوپلیٹ[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which noble gas is a well-known example of having a stable duplet?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کون سی نوبل گیس اپنے واحد شیل میں مستحکم ڈوپلیٹ (duplet) رکھنے کی ایک واضح مثال ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Neon&quot;, &quot;Helium&quot;, &quot;Argon&quot;, &quot;Radon&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Helium[/red] is correct because Helium naturally has [blue]2 electrons completing its duplet[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہیلیئم (Helium)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہیلیئم کے پاس 2 الیکٹران ہوتے ہیں جس سے اس کا [blue]ڈوپلیٹ مکمل[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
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    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Having a maximum of eight electrons in the outer shell is scientifically referred to as:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی شیل میں زیادہ سے زیادہ آٹھ الیکٹران بھر جانے کی حالت کو علمی اصطلاح میں کیا کہا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Duplet&quot;, &quot;Octet&quot;, &quot;Singlet&quot;, &quot;Triplet&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Octet[/red] is correct because a set of eight electrons in an outer shell is called an [blue]octet[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]آکٹیٹ (Octet)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بیرونی شیل میں 8 الیکٹران مکمل ہونے کی حالت کو [blue]آکٹیٹ[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Neon has 8 electrons in its outermost shell, which means it has a complete:&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نیون (Neon) کے سب سے بیرونی شیل میں 8 الیکٹران ہوتے ہیں، اس کا مطلب ہے کہ اس کا کیا مکمل ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Duplet&quot;, &quot;Octet&quot;, &quot;Neutron core&quot;, &quot;Proton shell&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Octet[/red] is correct because having 8 outer electrons forms a complete [blue]octet[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]آکٹیٹ (Octet)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نیون کے بیرونی شیل میں 8 الیکٹران اس کا [blue]آکٹیٹ مکمل[/blue] کرتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Why are the atoms of noble gases highly stable and less chemically reactive?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نوبل گیسوں (noble gases) کے ایٹم کیوں مستحکم اور کم کیمیائی ردِعمل ظاہر کرنے والے ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Due to their complete outermost shells&quot;, &quot;Because they have no protons in the nucleus&quot;, &quot;Because they are solid metals at room temperature&quot;, &quot;Due to extremely high internal temperature&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Due to their complete outermost shells[/red] is correct because [blue]complete valence shells[/blue] prevent unwanted chemical reactions.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ان کے سب سے بیرونی شیل مکمل ہونے کی وجہ سے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ان کے بیرونی شیل [blue]الیکٹرانز سے مکمل بھرے[/blue] ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the rule called when the first shell is filled with its maximum limit of two electrons?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب ایٹم کے پہلے شیل میں الیکٹرانوں کی زیادہ سے زیادہ گنجائش یعنی دو الیکٹران مکمل ہو جائیں تو اسے کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Octet rule&quot;, &quot;Duplet rule&quot;, &quot;Shell rule&quot;, &quot;Atomic mass rule&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Duplet rule[/red] is correct because filling the first shell with two electrons is the [blue]duplet rule[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ڈوپلیٹ رول (Duplet rule)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پہلے شیل میں 2 الیکٹران بھرنے کے اصول کو [blue]ڈوپلیٹ رول[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which noble gas is a well-known example of having a complete duplet?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کون سی نوبل گیس مکمل ڈوپلیٹ (duplet) رکھنے کی ایک بہترین اور معروف مثال ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Neon&quot;, &quot;Helium&quot;, &quot;Argon&quot;, &quot;Carbon&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Helium[/red] is correct because Helium has a stable configuration with a [blue]complete duplet (2 electrons)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ہیلیئم (Helium)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ہیلیئم کے پاس صرف 2 الیکٹران ہوتے ہیں جو [blue]ڈوپلیٹ مکمل[/blue] رکھتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the rule called when a shell is filled with its maximum limit of eight electrons?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;جب کسی شیل میں زیادہ سے زیادہ 8 الیکٹران بھرنے کی گنجائش موجود ہو تو اس اصول کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Duplet rule&quot;, &quot;Octet rule&quot;, &quot;Singlet rule&quot;, &quot;Triplet rule&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Octet rule[/red] is correct because the principle of maintaining eight electrons is the [blue]octet rule[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]آکٹیٹ رول (Octet rule)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ بیرونی شیل میں 8 الیکٹران مکمل کرنے کے اصول کو [blue]آکٹیٹ رول[/blue] کہا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which noble gas has 8 electrons in its outermost shell, giving it a complete octet?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کس نوبل گیس کے بیرونی شیل میں 8 الیکٹران ہونے کی وجہ سے اس کا آکٹیٹ مکمل مانا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Helium&quot;, &quot;Neon&quot;, &quot;Hydrogen&quot;, &quot;Lithium&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Neon[/red] is correct because Neon has 8 electrons in its L shell, fulfilling the [blue]octet[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نیون (Neon)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نیون کے بیرونی شیل میں 8 الیکٹران ہوتے ہیں جو [blue]آکٹیٹ مکمل[/blue] کرتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
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  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Key Points&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which of the following subatomic particles make up an atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک ایٹم درج ذیل میں سے کن بنیادی سب اٹامک ذرات سے مل کر بنتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Protons and electrons&quot;, &quot;Neutrons&quot;, &quot;Plant cells&quot;, &quot;Both A and B&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Both A and B[/red] is correct because an atom is composed of [blue]protons, neutrons, and electrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]A اور B دونوں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایٹم بنیادی طور پر [blue]پروٹان، نیوٹران اور الیکٹران[/blue] سے مل کر بنتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;An atom is electrically neutral because the number of positive protons is always equal to what?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایک ایٹم مجموعی طور پر برقی طور پر نیوٹرل ہوتا ہے، اس کا مطلب ہے کہ اس میں پروٹانوں کی تعداد ہمیشہ کس کے برابر ہوتی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Number of neutrons&quot;, &quot;Number of electrons&quot;, &quot;Number of orbits&quot;, &quot;Mass number&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Number of electrons[/red] is correct because equal counts of positive protons and [blue]negative electrons[/blue] keep the atom neutral.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]الیکٹرانوں کی تعداد کے[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ مثبت پروٹانوں اور [blue]منفی الیکٹرانوں کی تعداد برابر[/blue] ہونے کی وجہ سے ایٹم نیوٹرل ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The mass number of an element is the sum of the number of protons and which other particles?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی عنصر کا ماس نمبر نیوکلیئس میں موجود پروٹانوں کی تعداد اور کس دوسرے ذرے کی تعداد کا مجموعہ ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Electrons orbiting outside&quot;, &quot;Neutrons in the nucleus&quot;, &quot;Outer orbits&quot;, &quot;Shell energy levels&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Neutrons in the nucleus[/red] is correct because Mass Number = [blue]Protons + Neutrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]نیوکلیئس میں موجود نیوٹران[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ماس نمبر [blue]پروٹانوں اور نیوٹرانوں کا مجموعہ[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The atomic number of an element represents the number of which subatomic particles?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اٹامک نمبر (atomic number) سے مراد ایٹم میں موجود کس بنیادی ذرے کی تعداد ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Neutrons&quot;, &quot;Protons&quot;, &quot;Electrons&quot;, &quot;Shells&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Protons[/red] is correct because the atomic number specifically represents the [blue]number of protons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پروٹان (Protons)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اٹامک نمبر ایٹم کے مرکزے میں موجود [blue]پروٹانوں کی کل تعداد[/blue] کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the systematic distribution of electrons in their respective shells called?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;الیکٹرانوں کی اپنے اپنے شیلز (shells) میں منظم تقسیم کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Atomic mass weight&quot;, &quot;Electronic configuration&quot;, &quot;Nuclear structural model&quot;, &quot;Total mass number&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Electronic configuration[/red] is correct because organizing electrons across energy shells is [blue]electronic configuration[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]الیکٹرانک کنفیگریشن (Electronic configuration)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ شیلز میں الیکٹرانوں کی منظم ترتیب کو [blue]الیکٹرانک کنفیگریشن[/blue] کہتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;topicHeading&quot;: &quot;Exercise&quot;,
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What type of electrical charge do neutrons carry?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نیوٹران (neutrons) پر کون سا برقی چارج ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Positive charge&quot;, &quot;Negative charge&quot;, &quot;No electric charge&quot;, &quot;Unit positive charge&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;C&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]No electric charge[/red] is correct because neutrons are neutral and carry [blue]zero electrical charge[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]کوئی برقی چارج نہیں[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نیوٹران غیر جانبدار ہوتے ہیں اور ان پر [blue]کوئی برقی چارج[/blue] نہیں ہوتا۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What is the smallest particle of an element that retains its properties?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی عنصر (element) کا سب سے چھوٹا ذرہ کون سا ہے جو اس کی خصوصیات برقرار رکھتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Molecule&quot;, &quot;Atom&quot;, &quot;Cell&quot;, &quot;DNA&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Atom[/red] is correct because the [blue]atom[/blue] is the fundamental particle that retains all chemical properties of an element.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]ایٹم (Atom)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ [blue]ایٹم[/blue] کسی بھی عنصر کا وہ سب سے چھوٹا ذرہ ہے جو اس کی تمام خصوصیات برقرار رکھتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Carbon has a mass number of 12. How many protons and neutrons does it have?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کاربن کا ماس نمبر 12 ہے۔ اس کے پاس کتنے پروٹان اور نیوٹران ہوتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;6 protons and 6 neutrons&quot;, &quot;12 protons and 6 neutrons&quot;, &quot;12 protons and 12 neutrons&quot;, &quot;6 protons and 12 neutrons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]6 protons and 6 neutrons[/red] is correct because carbon contains [blue]6 protons and 6 neutrons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]6 پروٹان اور 6 نیوٹران[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ کاربن کے پاس [blue]6 پروٹان اور 6 نیوٹران[/blue] ہوتے ہیں جن کا مجموعہ 12 ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which subatomic particles are located inside the nucleus of an atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایٹم کے نیوکلیئس (مرکزے) کے اندر کون سے ذرات پائے جاتے ہیں؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Electrons and protons&quot;, &quot;Protons and neutrons&quot;, &quot;Protons and electrons&quot;, &quot;Electrons and neutrons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Protons and neutrons[/red] is correct because [blue]protons and neutrons[/blue] reside in the nucleus.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]پروٹان اور نیوٹران[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ایٹم کے نیوکلیئس میں صرف [blue]پروٹان اور نیوٹران[/blue] پائے جاتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;What type of electrical charge do protons carry?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پروٹان (protons) پر کون سا چارج ہوتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Positive charge&quot;, &quot;Negative charge&quot;, &quot;No charge&quot;, &quot;Zero charge&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Positive charge[/red] is correct because protons are [blue]positively charged subatomic particles[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]مثبت چارج (Positive charge)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ پروٹان پر [blue]مثبت برقی چارج[/blue] ہوتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;The atomic number of an element tells us the number of which particles?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;کسی عنصر کا اٹامک نمبر (atomic number) ہمیں کس کی تعداد بتاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Electrons and neutrons&quot;, &quot;Protons only&quot;, &quot;Protons and neutrons&quot;, &quot;Neutrons only&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;B&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Protons only[/red] is correct because the atomic number specifically represents the [blue]number of protons[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]صرف پروٹانوں کی (Protons only)[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ اٹامک نمبر ایٹم کے نیوکلیئس میں موجود [blue]صرف پروٹانوں کی تعداد[/blue] بتاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;If a Nitrogen atom has an atomic mass of 14 and contains 7 neutrons, how many electrons does it have?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;اگر نائٹروجن کا اٹامک ماس 14 ہو اور اس میں 7 نیوٹران ہوں، تو نائٹروجن ایٹم میں کتنے الیکٹران ہوں گے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;8 electrons&quot;, &quot;6 electrons&quot;, &quot;14 electrons&quot;, &quot;7 electrons&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;D&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]7 electrons[/red] is correct because protons = 14 - 7 = 7, which equals [blue]7 electrons[/blue] in a neutral atom.&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]7 الیکٹران[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ 14 ماس میں سے 7 نیوٹران نکالنے پر 7 پروٹان اور غیر جانبدار حالت میں [blue]7 الیکٹران[/blue] ہوں گے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which letter is used to represent the mass number of an atom?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;ایٹم کے ماس نمبر کو کس انگریزی حرف سے ظاہر کیا جاتا ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;A&quot;, &quot;B&quot;, &quot;Z&quot;, &quot;M&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]A[/red] is correct because mass number is universally represented by [blue]A[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]حرف A[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ ماس نمبر کو انگریزی کے بڑے [blue]حرف A[/blue] سے ظاہر کیا جاتا ہے۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Nitrogen (N) has an atomic number of 7. What is its electronic configuration?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;نائٹروجن (N) کا اٹامک نمبر 7 ہے۔ اس کی الیکٹرانک کنفیگریشن کیا ہوگی؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;2, 5&quot;, &quot;2, 6&quot;, &quot;5, 2&quot;, &quot;2, 2&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]2, 5[/red] is correct because Nitrogen&#39;s 7 electrons are arranged as [blue]2 in K and 5 in L (2, 5)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]2, 5[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ نائٹروجن کے 7 الیکٹران [blue]K میں 2 اور L میں 5 (2, 5)[/blue] کی ترتیب میں ہوتے ہیں۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  },
  {
    &quot;question&quot;: &quot;Which is the correct order of the elements Li, Be, and N in the periodic table based on their atomic numbers (3, 4, and 7)?&quot;,
    &quot;urdu&quot;: &quot;پیریڈک ٹیبل میں ان کے اٹامک نمبرز کی بنیاد پر عناصر Li، Be اور N کی درست ترتیب کون سی ہے؟&quot;,
    &quot;options&quot;: [&quot;Li, Be, N&quot;, &quot;N, Li, Be&quot;, &quot;Be, N, Li&quot;, &quot;N, Be, Li&quot;],
    &quot;correctAnswer&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,
    &quot;explanation&quot;: &quot;[red]Li, Be, N[/red] is correct because elements are arranged in increasing atomic numbers: [blue]Li (3), Be (4), N (7)[/blue].&quot;,
    &quot;explanationUrdu&quot;: &quot;[red]Li, Be, N[/red] درست ہے کیونکہ عناصر بڑھتے ہوئے اٹامک نمبر کی ترتیب سے رکھے جاتے ہیں یعنی [blue]Li (3), Be (4), N (7)[/blue]۔&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageAlt&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;explanationImageCaption&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;showSocialShare&quot;: true,
    &quot;questionLink&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;imageAfter&quot;: null,
    &quot;ttsEnabled&quot;: true,
    &quot;backgroundImage&quot;: &quot;&quot;,
    &quot;isImportant&quot;: false,
    &quot;pdf&quot;: false
  }
                    ];

       
        // Configuration 
        const config = {
            headerImageUrl: &quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxoDccfje8IMeDLKONVdtOIYxqby9eg3UzYzyEElcGbWfZUgvvdrgSw82c8R33_xmk4_SVxEkbZOkGwf2qLj_u4BnHHxHyP-yXPEvxuWWZnCRGIZEWBm9htoIn0mHL9pyQuOTEDAkvFqUa8MFjo9qKYgBCHTn85T8BfTNqB209kvsVeyzuvkd-Ir4i3w/s1600/7th%20Class%20General%20Science%20Unit%205%20image.jpg&quot;,
            questionsPerPage: 10,
            
            // YAHAN AAP KA SPECIFIC BACKGROUND LINK LAGA DIYA HAI
            pdfBackgroundUrl: &quot;https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D22AQEeipTaShU2pg/feedshare-shrink_800/B4DZr3lbg8J4Ag-/0/1765090376076?e=1766620800&amp;v=beta&amp;t=jhdnVgeSHW5QsvbAbK719ygBmv_7sP76YE5CybbpcgY&quot;,
            
            shareImage: {
                width: 1200,
                height: 630,
                backgroundGradient: [&#39;#1e3c72&#39;, &#39;#2a5298&#39;],
                textColor: &#39;#ffffff&#39;,
                optionTextColor: &#39;#333333&#39;,
                correctAnswerColor: &#39;#28a745&#39;,
                borderRadius: 20,
                padding: 40,
                questionFontSize: 36,
                urduFontSize: 32,
                optionFontSize: 28,
                noticeFontSize: 24,
                correctAnswerFontSize: 28,
                overlayOpacity: 0.7
            }
        };

       

        let answersShown = false;
        let selectedOptions = {};
        let currentPage = 1;
        let speechSynthesis = window.speechSynthesis;
        let contentExpanded = false;
        let contentInUrdu = false;
        
        function getCurrentPageFromURL() {
            const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
            const page = parseInt(urlParams.get(&#39;page&#39;));
            return isNaN(page) || page &lt; 1 ? 1 : Math.min(page, Math.ceil(questions.length / config.questionsPerPage));
        }

        function updateURL(page) {
            const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
            urlParams.set(&#39;page&#39;, page);
            const newUrl = window.location.pathname + &#39;?&#39; + urlParams.toString();
            window.history.pushState({ path: newUrl }, &#39;&#39;, newUrl);
        }

        function parseHighlightedText(text) {
            text = text.replace(/\[red\](.*?)\[\/red\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-red&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            text = text.replace(/\[blue\](.*?)\[\/blue\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-blue&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            text = text.replace(/\[green\](.*?)\[\/green\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-green&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            text = text.replace(/\[yellow\](.*?)\[\/yellow\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-yellow&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            text = text.replace(/\[purple\](.*?)\[\/purple\]/g, &#39;&lt;span class=&quot;highlight-purple&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;&#39;);
            return text;
        }

        // =========================================================
        // ============ TOC / SCROLL LOGIC START ===================
        // =========================================================
        function generateTOC() {
            const tocContainer = document.getElementById(&#39;toc-container&#39;);
            const tocList = document.getElementById(&#39;toc-list&#39;);
            tocList.innerHTML = &#39;&#39;;
            let hasTopics = false;
            let topicCount = 0; // Added for counting headings

            questions.forEach((q, index) =&gt; {
                if (q.topicHeading) {
                    hasTopics = true;
                    topicCount++;
                    const li = document.createElement(&#39;li&#39;);
                    li.className = &#39;toc-item&#39;;
                    li.textContent = q.topicHeading;
                    li.onclick = () =&gt; scrollToTopic(index);
                    
                    // Hide headings after the 6th one
                    if (topicCount &gt; 6) {
                        li.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                        li.classList.add(&#39;hidden-toc-item&#39;);
                    }
                    
                    tocList.appendChild(li);
                }
            });

            // Remove existing button if any
            const existingBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;toc-see-more-btn-container&#39;);
            if (existingBtn) existingBtn.remove();

            // Add &#39;See More&#39; button if there are more than 6 topics
            if (topicCount &gt; 6) {
                const btnContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                btnContainer.id = &#39;toc-see-more-btn-container&#39;;
                btnContainer.style.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                btnContainer.style.marginTop = &#39;20px&#39;;
                btnContainer.style.gridColumn = &#39;1 / -1&#39;; // To span full width if in grid

                const seeMoreBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                seeMoreBtn.className = &#39;btn btn-primary&#39;;
                seeMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;See More Headings&#39;;
                seeMoreBtn.onclick = function() {
                    const hiddenItems = tocList.querySelectorAll(&#39;.hidden-toc-item&#39;);
                    hiddenItems.forEach(item =&gt; {
                        item.style.display = &#39;flex&#39;; // Restoring original flex display
                    });
                    btnContainer.style.display = &#39;none&#39;; // Hide button after clicking
                };

                btnContainer.appendChild(seeMoreBtn);
                tocContainer.appendChild(btnContainer);
            }

            if (hasTopics) {
                tocContainer.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
            }
        }

        function scrollToTopic(questionIndex) {
            const targetPage = Math.floor(questionIndex / config.questionsPerPage) + 1;
            
            if (targetPage === currentPage) {
                executeScrollHighlight(questionIndex);
            } else {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + `?page=${targetPage}&amp;scrollTo=${questionIndex}`;
            }
        }

        function executeScrollHighlight(index) {
            const element = document.getElementById(`q-card-${index}`);
            const headingElement = document.getElementById(`heading-for-${index}`);
            
            const targetElement = headingElement || element;
            
            if (targetElement) {
                targetElement.scrollIntoView({ behavior: &#39;smooth&#39;, block: &#39;center&#39; });
                if(element) {
                    element.classList.add(&#39;highlight-scroll&#39;);
                    setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                        element.classList.remove(&#39;highlight-scroll&#39;);
                    }, 2500); 
                }
            }
        }

        function checkScrollOnLoad() {
            const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
            const scrollToIdx = urlParams.get(&#39;scrollTo&#39;);
            
            if (scrollToIdx !== null) {
                setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                    executeScrollHighlight(parseInt(scrollToIdx));
                    const newUrl = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + currentPage;
                    window.history.replaceState({}, &#39;&#39;, newUrl);
                }, 800);
            }
        }
        // =========================================================
        // ============ TOC / SCROLL LOGIC END =====================
        // =========================================================


        function loadQuestions(page = 1) {
            currentPage = page;
            updateURL(page);
            const quizContainer = document.getElementById(&#39;quiz-container&#39;);
            quizContainer.innerHTML = &#39;&#39;;
            
            const startIndex = (page - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const q = questions[i];

                // TOC: Add Topic Heading if exists
                if (q.topicHeading) {
                    const headingDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    headingDiv.className = &#39;in-quiz-topic-heading&#39;;
                    headingDiv.id = `heading-for-${i}`; 
                    headingDiv.textContent = q.topicHeading;
                    quizContainer.appendChild(headingDiv);
                }

                const questionElement = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                questionElement.className = &#39;question-card&#39;;
                questionElement.id = `q-card-${i}`; // TOC: Add ID for scrolling

                // CHECK FOR IMPORTANT QUESTION
                if (q.isImportant) {
                    questionElement.classList.add(&#39;important-question&#39;);
                    // Add Badge with Star Icon
                    const badge = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    badge.className = &#39;important-badge&#39;;
                    
                    // Star Icon URL (CDN)
                    const starIconURL = &quot;https://cdn-icons-png.flaticon.com/512/1828/1828884.png&quot;;
                    
                    // Using Image tag instead of &lt;i&gt; tag
                    badge.innerHTML = `&lt;img src=&quot;${starIconURL}&quot; style=&quot;width: 14px; height: 14px; margin-right: 5px; vertical-align: middle;&quot;&gt; Important`;
                    
                    questionElement.appendChild(badge);
                }
                
                const questionTextContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                questionTextContainer.onclick = function() {
                    if (q.questionLink) {
                        window.location.href = q.questionLink;
                    }
                };
                
                const questionNumber = i + 1;

                questionTextContainer.innerHTML = `
                  &lt;span class=&quot;question-text&quot;&gt;${questionNumber}. ${q.question}&lt;/span&gt;
                  &lt;span class=&quot;urdu-text&quot;&gt;${q.urdu}&lt;/span&gt;
                `;
                questionElement.appendChild(questionTextContainer);

                if (q.ttsEnabled) {
                    const ttsButton = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                    ttsButton.className = &#39;tts-btn&#39;;
                    ttsButton.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.sound}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Listen Question&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    ttsButton.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                        e.stopPropagation();
                        speakQuestion(q);
                    };
                    questionElement.appendChild(ttsButton);
                }

                const optionsDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                optionsDiv.className = &#39;options&#39;;
                optionsDiv.id = `options-${i}`;
                q.options.forEach((option, j) =&gt; {
                    const optionDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    optionDiv.className = &#39;option&#39;;
                    optionDiv.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                        e.stopPropagation();
                        selectOption(optionDiv, String.fromCharCode(65 + j), i);
                    };
                    optionDiv.innerHTML = `&lt;span class=&quot;option-letter&quot;&gt;${String.fromCharCode(65 + j)}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;option-text&quot;&gt;${option}&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    optionsDiv.appendChild(optionDiv);
                });
                questionElement.appendChild(optionsDiv);

                if (q.showSocialShare) {
                    const shareButtons = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    shareButtons.className = &#39;share-buttons&#39;;
                    
                    const whatsappBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                    whatsappBtn.className = &#39;share-btn whatsapp-btn&#39;;
                    whatsappBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.whatsapp}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Share via WhatsApp&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    whatsappBtn.onclick = () =&gt; shareQuestionWithImage(i, &#39;whatsapp&#39;);
                    shareButtons.appendChild(whatsappBtn);
                    
                    const copyLinkBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                    copyLinkBtn.className = &#39;share-btn copy-link-btn&#39;;
                    copyLinkBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.link}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Copy Link&lt;/span&gt;`;
                    copyLinkBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                        const link = q.questionLink || window.location.href;
                        navigator.clipboard.writeText(link).then(() =&gt; {
                            copyLinkBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.link}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Copied!&lt;/span&gt;`;
                            copyLinkBtn.classList.add(&#39;copied&#39;);
                            setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                                copyLinkBtn.innerHTML = `&lt;div class=&quot;share-icon&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(&#39;${socialIcons.link}&#39;)&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;Copy Link&lt;/span&gt;`;
                                copyLinkBtn.classList.remove(&#39;copied&#39;);
                            }, 2000);
                        });
                    };
                    shareButtons.appendChild(copyLinkBtn);
                    
                    questionElement.appendChild(shareButtons);
                }

                const explanationBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                explanationBtn.className = &#39;explanation-btn&#39;;
                explanationBtn.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                    e.stopPropagation();
                    toggleExplanation(i);
                };
                explanationBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&lt;span&gt;اس سوال کو وضاحت کے ساتھ پڑھیں&lt;/span&gt;&#39;;
                
                // START: *** NEW LAYOUT LOGIC ***
                // Create a container for the action buttons
                const actionsContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                actionsContainer.className = &#39;question-actions&#39;;

                // Add the explanation button to the container
                actionsContainer.appendChild(explanationBtn);

                // Add the MODERN comment icon to the container
                if (q.questionLink) {
                    const commentLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    commentLink.href = q.questionLink;
                    commentLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    commentLink.className = &#39;modern-comment-link&#39;;
                    const commentSVG = `&lt;svg viewBox=&quot;0 0 24 24&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/svg&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M21.99 4c0-1.1-.89-2-1.99-2H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14l4 4-.01-18zM18 14H6v-2h12v2zm0-3H6V9h12v2zm0-3H6V6h12v2z&quot;/&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;`;
                    commentLink.innerHTML = `&lt;span class=&quot;comment-count&quot;&gt;(Comments)&lt;/span&gt; ${commentSVG}`;
                    actionsContainer.appendChild(commentLink);
                }

                // Add the actions container to the main question element
                questionElement.appendChild(actionsContainer);
                // END: *** NEW LAYOUT LOGIC ***


                const explanationDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationDiv.className = &#39;explanation&#39;;
                explanationDiv.id = `explanation-${i}`;
                
                const translateBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                translateBtn.className = &#39;translate-btn&#39;;
                translateBtn.innerHTML = &#39;Translate in Urdu&#39;;
                translateBtn.onclick = (e) =&gt; {
                    e.stopPropagation();
                    toggleExplanationTranslation(i);
                };
                explanationDiv.appendChild(translateBtn);
                
                const explanationText = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationText.innerHTML = parseHighlightedText(q.explanation.replace(/\n/g, &#39;&lt;br&gt;&#39;));
                explanationDiv.appendChild(explanationText);
                
                const explanationUrduDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                explanationUrduDiv.className = &#39;explanation-urdu&#39;;
                explanationUrduDiv.innerHTML = parseHighlightedText(q.explanationUrdu.replace(/\n/g, &#39;&lt;br&gt;&#39;));
                explanationDiv.appendChild(explanationUrduDiv);
                
                if (q.explanationImage) {
                    const imgContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    imgContainer.style.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                    const imgLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    imgLink.href = q.explanationImageLink || &#39;#&#39;;
                    imgLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    const img = document.createElement(&#39;img&#39;);
                    img.src = q.explanationImage;
                    img.alt = q.explanationImageAlt || &#39;Explanation Image&#39;;
                    img.className = &#39;explanation-image&#39;;
                    imgLink.appendChild(img);
                    imgContainer.appendChild(imgLink);
                    if (q.explanationImageCaption) {
                        const caption = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        caption.className = &#39;question-image-caption&#39;;
                        caption.textContent = q.explanationImageCaption;
                        imgContainer.appendChild(caption);
                    }
                    explanationDiv.appendChild(imgContainer);
                }
                
                questionElement.appendChild(explanationDiv);

                quizContainer.appendChild(questionElement);

                // Har 3 sawalat ke baad ad daalne ka logic
                if ((i + 1) % 3 === 0 &amp;&amp; i &lt; endIndex - 1) {
                    const adContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    adContainer.className = &#39;ad-container&#39;;
                    adContainer.innerHTML = `&lt;p&gt;Advertisement Space&lt;/p&gt;`;
                    quizContainer.appendChild(adContainer);
                }


                if (q.ProTips) {
                    const tipsElement = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    tipsElement.className = &#39;tips-section&#39;;
                    tipsElement.innerHTML = q.ProTips;
                    quizContainer.appendChild(tipsElement);
                }

                if (q.imageAfter) {
                    const imageContainer = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                    imageContainer.className = &#39;question-image&#39;;
                    const imageLink = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                    imageLink.href = q.imageAfter.link;
                    imageLink.target = &#39;_blank&#39;;
                    const image = document.createElement(&#39;img&#39;);
                    image.src = q.imageAfter.url;
                    image.alt = q.imageAfter.alt || &#39;Question related image&#39;;
                    imageLink.appendChild(image);
                    imageContainer.appendChild(imageLink);
                    if (q.imageAfter.caption) {
                        const caption = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        caption.className = &#39;question-image-caption&#39;;
                        caption.textContent = q.imageAfter.caption;
                        imageContainer.appendChild(caption);
                    }
                    quizContainer.appendChild(imageContainer);
                }


                if (i &lt; endIndex - 1) {
                    const isAdNext = ((i + 1) % 3 === 0 &amp;&amp; i &lt; questions.length - 1);
                    if (!isAdNext) {
                        const divider = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
                        divider.className = &#39;divider&#39;;
                        quizContainer.appendChild(divider);
                    }
                }
            }

            if (answersShown) {
                showAllAnswers();
            } else {
                hideAllAnswers();
            }
            
            updatePagination();
            // YEH LINE ADD KI GAYI HAI: Sawalat load hone ke baad ads ko load karein
            applyAds();
        }

        function toggleExplanationTranslation(questionIndex) {
            const explanationDiv = document.getElementById(`explanation-${questionIndex}`);
            const englishExplanation = explanationDiv.querySelector(&#39;div:not(.explanation-urdu)&#39;);
            const urduExplanation = explanationDiv.querySelector(&#39;.explanation-urdu&#39;);
            
            if (englishExplanation.style.display !== &#39;none&#39;) {
                englishExplanation.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                urduExplanation.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
            } else {
                englishExplanation.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                urduExplanation.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
            }
        }

        function speakQuestion(question) {
            if (speechSynthesis.speaking) {
                speechSynthesis.cancel();
            }
            
            const questionUtterance = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(`Question: ${question.question.replace(&#39;?&#39;, &#39;.&#39;)}`);
            questionUtterance.lang = &#39;en-US&#39;;
            questionUtterance.rate = 0.7;
            questionUtterance.pitch = 0.8;
            
            let optionsText = &#39;Options: &#39;;
            question.options.forEach((option, index) =&gt; {
                optionsText += `${String.fromCharCode(65 + index)}... ${option}. `;
            });
            const optionsUtterance = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(optionsText);
            optionsUtterance.lang = &#39;en-US&#39;;
            optionsUtterance.rate = 0.7;
            optionsUtterance.pitch = 0.8;
            
            speechSynthesis.speak(questionUtterance);
            questionUtterance.onend = function() {
                speechSynthesis.speak(optionsUtterance);
            };
        }

        function updatePagination() {
            const pagination = document.getElementById(&#39;pagination&#39;);
            pagination.innerHTML = &#39;&#39;;
            
            const totalPages = Math.ceil(questions.length / config.questionsPerPage);
            
            if (totalPages &lt;= 1) return;
            
            const firstBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            firstBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            firstBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;laquo; First&#39;;
            firstBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=1&#39;;
            };
            if (currentPage === 1) firstBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(firstBtn);
            
            const prevBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            prevBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            prevBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;lsaquo;&#39;;
            prevBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + (currentPage - 1);
            };
            if (currentPage === 1) prevBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(prevBtn);
            
            if (currentPage &gt; 2) {
                const firstPageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                firstPageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                firstPageBtn.textContent = &#39;1&#39;;
                if (1 === currentPage) firstPageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                firstPageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=1&#39;;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(firstPageBtn);
                
                if (currentPage &gt; 3) {
                    const ellipsis1 = document.createElement(&#39;span&#39;);
                    ellipsis1.className = &#39;page-ellipsis&#39;;
                    ellipsis1.textContent = &#39;...&#39;;
                    pagination.appendChild(ellipsis1);
                }
            }
            
            const startPage = Math.max(2, currentPage - 1);
            const endPage = Math.min(totalPages - 1, currentPage + 1);
            
            for (let i = startPage; i &lt;= endPage; i++) {
                const pageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                pageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                pageBtn.textContent = i;
                if (i === currentPage) pageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                pageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + i;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(pageBtn);
            }
            
            if (currentPage &lt; totalPages - 1) {
                if (currentPage &lt; totalPages - 2) {
                    const ellipsis2 = document.createElement(&#39;span&#39;);
                    ellipsis2.className = &#39;page-ellipsis&#39;;
                    ellipsis2.textContent = &#39;...&#39;;
                    pagination.appendChild(ellipsis2);
                }
                
                const lastPageBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
                lastPageBtn.className = &#39;page-btn&#39;;
                lastPageBtn.textContent = totalPages;
                if (totalPages === currentPage) lastPageBtn.classList.add(&#39;active&#39;);
                lastPageBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                    window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + totalPages;
                };
                pagination.appendChild(lastPageBtn);
            }
            
            const nextBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            nextBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            nextBtn.innerHTML = &#39;&amp;rsaquo;&#39;;
            nextBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + (currentPage + 1);
            };
            if (currentPage === totalPages) nextBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(nextBtn);
            
            const lastBtn = document.createElement(&#39;button&#39;);
            lastBtn.className = &#39;page-nav&#39;;
            lastBtn.innerHTML = &#39;Last &amp;raquo;&#39;;
            lastBtn.onclick = () =&gt; {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + totalPages;
            };
            if (currentPage === totalPages) lastBtn.classList.add(&#39;disabled-nav&#39;);
            pagination.appendChild(lastBtn);
            
            const searchDiv = document.createElement(&#39;div&#39;);
            searchDiv.className = &#39;page-search&#39;;
            searchDiv.innerHTML = `
                &lt;input type=&quot;number&quot; id=&quot;pageInput&quot; min=&quot;1&quot; max=&quot;${totalPages}&quot; placeholder=&quot;Enter Page Number&quot;&gt;
                &lt;button onclick=&quot;goToPageWithReload()&quot;&gt;Go&lt;/button&gt;
            `;
            pagination.appendChild(searchDiv);
        }
        
        function goToPageWithReload() {
            const pageInput = document.getElementById(&#39;pageInput&#39;);
            const pageNum = parseInt(pageInput.value);
            const totalPages = Math.ceil(questions.length / config.questionsPerPage);
            
            if (pageNum &gt;= 1 &amp;&amp; pageNum &lt;= totalPages) {
                window.location.href = window.location.pathname + &#39;?page=&#39; + pageNum;
            } else {
                alert(`Please enter a page number between 1 and ${totalPages}`);
            }
        }

        function selectOption(optionElement, selectedAnswer, questionIndex) {
            const question = questions[questionIndex];
            const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${questionIndex} .option`);
            options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;none&#39;;
            });
            selectedOptions[questionIndex] = selectedAnswer;
            const correctOptionIndex = question.correctAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
            options[correctOptionIndex].classList.add(&#39;correct&#39;);
            if (selectedAnswer !== question.correctAnswer) {
                const selectedIndex = selectedAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                options[selectedIndex].classList.add(&#39;incorrect&#39;);
            }
        }

        function toggleExplanation(questionIndex) {
            const explanationElement = document.getElementById(`explanation-${questionIndex}`);
            explanationElement.style.display = explanationElement.style.display === &#39;block&#39; ? &#39;none&#39; : &#39;block&#39;;
        }

        function toggleFAQ(faqQuestion) {
            faqQuestion.classList.toggle(&#39;active&#39;);
            const answer = faqQuestion.nextElementSibling;
            answer.style.display = answer.style.display === &#39;block&#39; ? &#39;none&#39; : &#39;block&#39;;
            
            const toggleIcon = faqQuestion.querySelector(&#39;.faq-toggle&#39;);
            toggleIcon.classList.toggle(&#39;rotated&#39;);
        }

        function toggleAllAnswers() {
            answersShown = !answersShown;
            const btn = document.getElementById(&#39;toggleAnswersBtn&#39;);
            if (answersShown) {
                btn.textContent = &#39;Hide All Answers&#39;;
                showAllAnswers();
            } else {
                btn.textContent = &#39;Show All Answers&#39;;
                hideAllAnswers();
            }
        }

        function showAllAnswers() {
            const startIndex = (currentPage - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const q = questions[i];
                const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${i} .option`);
                if (options.length &gt; 0) {
                    const correctOptionIndex = q.correctAnswer.charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                    options[correctOptionIndex].classList.add(&#39;correct&#39;);
                    if (selectedOptions.hasOwnProperty(i) &amp;&amp; selectedOptions[i] !== q.correctAnswer) {
                        const selectedIndex = selectedOptions[i].charCodeAt(0) - 65;
                        options[selectedIndex].classList.add(&#39;incorrect&#39;);
                    }
                    options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                        opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;none&#39;;
                    });
                }
            }
        }

        function hideAllAnswers() {
            const startIndex = (currentPage - 1) * config.questionsPerPage;
            const endIndex = Math.min(startIndex + config.questionsPerPage, questions.length);
            
            for (let i = startIndex; i &lt; endIndex; i++) {
                const options = document.querySelectorAll(`#options-${i} .option`);
                options.forEach(option =&gt; {
                    option.classList.remove(&#39;correct&#39;, &#39;incorrect&#39;);
                });
                options.forEach(opt =&gt; {
                    opt.style.pointerEvents = &#39;auto&#39;;
                });
            }
            selectedOptions = {};
        }

        function resetQuiz() {
            selectedOptions = {};
            answersShown = false;
            document.getElementById(&#39;toggleAnswersBtn&#39;).textContent = &#39;Show All Answers&#39;;
            loadQuestions(currentPage);
        }

        function changeHeaderImage(imageUrl) {
            document.getElementById(&#39;headerImage&#39;).src = imageUrl;
        }
        
        function toggleContentExpansion() {
            const contentPreview = document.getElementById(&#39;contentPreview&#39;);
            const readMoreBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;readMoreBtn&#39;);
            contentExpanded = !contentExpanded;
            
            if (contentExpanded) {
                contentPreview.classList.add(&#39;expanded&#39;);
                readMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;Read Less&#39;;
            } else {
                contentPreview.classList.remove(&#39;expanded&#39;);
                readMoreBtn.textContent = &#39;Read More&#39;;
            }
        }

        function toggleContentLanguage() {
            const englishContent = document.querySelector(&#39;.english-content&#39;);
            const urduContent = document.querySelector(&#39;.urdu-content&#39;);
            const translateBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;contentTranslateBtn&#39;);
            contentInUrdu = !contentInUrdu;
            
            if (contentInUrdu) {
                englishContent.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                urduContent.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                translateBtn.textContent = &#39;Translate to English&#39;;
            } else {
                englishContent.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                urduContent.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                translateBtn.textContent = &#39;Translate to Urdu&#39;;
            }
        }

        async function createShareImage(questionIndex) {
            return new Promise((resolve) =&gt; {
                const q = questions[questionIndex];
                const canvas = document.getElementById(&#39;shareCanvas&#39;);
                const ctx = canvas.getContext(&#39;2d&#39;);
                
                ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                
                if (q.backgroundImage) {
                    const img = new Image();
                    img.crossOrigin = &quot;Anonymous&quot;;
                    img.onload = function() {
                        ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                        ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)&#39;;
                        ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
                        drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                        convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                    };
                    img.onerror = function() {
                        console.log(&quot;Background image failed to load, using gradient fallback&quot;);
                        drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas);
                        drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                        convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                    };
                    img.src = q.backgroundImage + (q.backgroundImage.includes(&#39;?&#39;) ? &#39;&amp;&#39; : &#39;?&#39;) + &#39;t=&#39; + Date.now();
                } else {
                    drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas);
                    drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex);
                    convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve);
                }
            });
        }

        function drawGradientBackground(ctx, canvas) {
            const gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
            gradient.addColorStop(0, &#39;#1e3c72&#39;);
            gradient.addColorStop(1, &#39;#2a5298&#39;);
            ctx.fillStyle = gradient;
            ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05)&#39;;
            for (let i = 0; i &lt; 5; i++) {
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(Math.random() * canvas.width, Math.random() * canvas.height, Math.random() * 300 + 100, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.fill();
            }
        }

        function drawQuestionContent(ctx, canvas, q, questionIndex) {
            const questionNumber = questionIndex + 1;
            const questionText = `${questionNumber}. ${q.question}`;
            const urduText = `${q.urdu.replace(&#39;؟&#39;, &#39;&#39;).replace(&#39;?&#39;, &#39;&#39;)}`;
            
            ctx.save();
            ctx.beginPath();
            ctx.roundRect(40, 40, canvas.width - 80, canvas.height - 80, 20);
            ctx.clip();
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)&#39;;
            ctx.fillRect(40, 40, canvas.width - 80, canvas.height - 80);
            ctx.strokeStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3)&#39;;
            ctx.lineWidth = 2;
            ctx.stroke();
            ctx.restore();
            
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            ctx.font = &#39;bold 36px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            const questionLines = wrapText(ctx, questionText, canvas.width - 160, 36);
            let yPos = 80 + 36;
            
            questionLines.forEach(line =&gt; {
                ctx.fillText(line, 80, yPos);
                yPos += 36 + 10;
            });
            
            ctx.font = &#39;32px &quot;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&quot;, serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;right&#39;;
            const urduLines = wrapText(ctx, urduText, canvas.width - 160, 32);
            urduLines.forEach(line =&gt; {
                ctx.fillText(line, canvas.width - 80, yPos);
                yPos += 32 + 10;
            });
            
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            yPos += 20;
            
            ctx.font = &#39;italic 24px &quot;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&quot;, serif&#39;;
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;right&#39;;
            ctx.fillText(&quot;چار آپشن میں سے کسی پر بھی کلک کرنے سے جواب سبز ہو جائے گا&quot;, canvas.width - 80, yPos);
            yPos += 24 + 30;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            
            ctx.font = &#39;28px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
            
            q.options.forEach((option, index) =&gt; {
                const optionLetter = String.fromCharCode(65 + index);
                const isCorrect = optionLetter === q.correctAnswer;
                
                ctx.save();
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.roundRect(80, yPos - 10, canvas.width - 160, 28 + 20, 10);
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;rgba(40, 167, 69, 0.2)&#39; : &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15)&#39;;
                ctx.fill();
                ctx.strokeStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3)&#39;;
                ctx.lineWidth = 1;
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.restore();
                
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(80 + 25, yPos + 28 / 2, 28 * 0.8, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;#3498db&#39;;
                ctx.fill();
                
                ctx.fillStyle = &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
                ctx.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
                ctx.fillText(optionLetter, 80 + 25, yPos + 28 / 2 + 28 * 0.3);
                
                ctx.fillStyle = isCorrect ? &#39;#28a745&#39; : &#39;#ffffff&#39;;
                ctx.textAlign = &#39;left&#39;;
                ctx.fillText(`${optionLetter}) ${option}`, 80 + 60, yPos + 28 * 0.8);
                
                yPos += 28 + 30;
            });
            
            ctx.fillStyle = &#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7)&#39;;
            ctx.font = &#39;italic 20px Roboto, sans-serif&#39;;
            ctx.textAlign = &#39;center&#39;;
            ctx.fillText(&quot;Study For More PAKMCQs.ORG&quot;, canvas.width / 2, canvas.height - 40);
        }

        function convertCanvasToImage(canvas, resolve) {
            canvas.toBlob((blob) =&gt; {
                const imageUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
                resolve(imageUrl);
            }, &#39;image/png&#39;, 1.0);
        }

        function wrapText(context, text, maxWidth, fontSize) {
            const words = text.split(&#39; &#39;);
            const lines = [];
            let currentLine = words[0];
            for (let i = 1; i &lt; words.length; i++) {
                const word = words[i];
                const width = context.measureText(currentLine + &#39; &#39; + word).width;
                if (width &lt; maxWidth) {
                    currentLine += &#39; &#39; + word;
                } else {
                    lines.push(currentLine);
                    currentLine = word;
                }
            }
            lines.push(currentLine);
            return lines;
        }
        
        async function shareQuestionWithImage(questionIndex, platform) {
            try {
                const imageUrl = await createShareImage(questionIndex);
                const q = questions[questionIndex];
                const shareUrl = q.questionLink || window.location.href;
                const shareText = `${questionIndex + 1}. ${q.question}\n\n${q.urdu.replace(/#&amp;\d+/g, &#39;&#39;)}\n\nStudy more at: ${shareUrl}`;
                
                if (navigator.share) {
                    const response = await fetch(imageUrl);
                    const blob = await response.blob();
                    const file = new File([blob], &#39;question.png&#39;, { type: &#39;image/png&#39; });
                    
                    await navigator.share({
                        title: q.question,
                        text: shareText,
                        files: [file],
                        url: shareUrl
                    });
                } else {
                    if (platform === &#39;facebook&#39;) {
                        window.open(`https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=${encodeURIComponent(shareUrl)}`, &#39;_blank&#39;);
                    } else if (platform === &#39;twitter&#39;) {
                        const mockImageUrl = imageUrl;
                        window.open(`https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=${encodeURIComponent(shareText)}&amp;url=${encodeURIComponent(mockImageUrl)}`, &#39;_blank&#39;);
                    } else if (platform === &#39;whatsapp&#39;) {
                        const link = document.createElement(&#39;a&#39;);
                        link.href = `whatsapp://send?text=${encodeURIComponent(shareText)}`;
                        link.click();
                    }
                }
            } catch (err) {
                console.error(&#39;Error sharing:&#39;, err);
                alert(&#39;Sharing failed. Please try again or copy the link manually.&#39;);
            }
        }

        /* ========================================================= */
        /* ============ DYNAMIC PDF GENERATION LOGIC =============== */
        /* ========================================================= */
        
        async function generateDynamicPDF() {
            // Check if jsPDF is loaded
            if (!window.jspdf) {
                alert(&quot;PDF library is loading. Please wait a moment and try again.&quot;);
                return;
            }

            // --- UI: START LOADING &amp; SHOW PROGRESS BAR ---
            const btn = document.getElementById(&#39;generatePdfBtn&#39;);
            const btnText = btn.querySelector(&#39;.btn-text&#39;);
            const btnProgress = btn.querySelector(&#39;.progress-bar-fill&#39;);
            const originalText = &quot;Click here for Download PDF&quot;;
            
            btn.disabled = true; // Disable double clicks
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Initializing...&quot;;
            btnProgress.style.width = &quot;10%&quot;; // Start progress

            const { jsPDF } = window.jspdf;
            const doc = new jsPDF(&#39;p&#39;, &#39;mm&#39;, &#39;a4&#39;); // Portrait, Millimeters, A4
            
            // 1. Settings &amp; Dimensions
            const pageWidth = 210;
            const pageHeight = 297;
            const marginTop = 30;
            const marginBottom = 05;
            const marginLeft = 15;
            const marginRight = 15;
            const contentWidth = pageWidth - marginLeft - marginRight;
            
            let cursorY = marginTop;

            // 2. Filter Questions (pdf = true)
const pdfQuestions = questions.filter(q =&gt; 
    q.pdf === true || 
    (q.getAttribute &amp;&amp; q.getAttribute(&#39;data-pdf&#39;) === &quot;true&quot;)
);

            if (pdfQuestions.length === 0) {
                alert(&quot;No questions marked for PDF found.&quot;);
                // Reset Button
                btn.disabled = false;
                btnText.textContent = originalText;
                btnProgress.style.width = &quot;0%&quot;;
                return;
            }

            // --- UI: UPDATE STATUS ---
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Downloading Image...&quot;;
            btnProgress.style.width = &quot;30%&quot;;

            // 3. Load Background Image
            const bgUrl = config.pdfBackgroundUrl;
            let bgImage = null;
            try {
                bgImage = await loadImageAsBase64(bgUrl);
                // Image Loaded Success
                btnProgress.style.width = &quot;50%&quot;;
            } catch (e) {
                console.warn(&quot;Background image failed to load, generating PDF without it.&quot;);
            }

            // --- UI: UPDATE STATUS ---
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Generating Pages...&quot;;

            // Helper to Add a new page with background
            const addNewPage = () =&gt; {
                doc.addPage();
                if (bgImage) {
                    doc.addImage(bgImage, &#39;JPEG&#39;, 0, 0, pageWidth, pageHeight);
                }
                cursorY = marginTop; // Reset cursor to top margin
            };

            // Add background to the first page
            if (bgImage) {
                doc.addImage(bgImage, &#39;JPEG&#39;, 0, 0, pageWidth, pageHeight);
            }

            // 4. Iterate and Print Questions
            pdfQuestions.forEach((q, index) =&gt; {
                // --- A. CALCULATE HEIGHT REQUIRED ---
                
                // Question Text Height
                doc.setFontSize(12);
                doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;bold&quot;);
                const qTitle = `Q${index + 1}: ${q.question}`;
                const qTitleLines = doc.splitTextToSize(qTitle, contentWidth);
                const qTitleHeight = qTitleLines.length * 6; // Approx line height 6mm

                // Options Height
                doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;normal&quot;);
                doc.setFontSize(10);
                let optionsHeight = 0;
                const processedOptions = [];

                q.options.forEach((opt, idx) =&gt; {
                    const letter = String.fromCharCode(65 + idx);
                    const optText = `${letter}) ${opt}`;
                    const optLines = doc.splitTextToSize(optText, contentWidth - 5); // Indent slightly
                    const h = optLines.length * 5; // Approx line height 5mm
                    optionsHeight += h + 2; // +2mm padding between options
                    processedOptions.push({ lines: optLines, height: h });
                });

                const totalQuestionHeight = qTitleHeight + optionsHeight + 8; // +8mm padding after question

                // --- B. CHECK SPACE &amp; PAGE BREAK ---
                if (cursorY + totalQuestionHeight &gt; pageHeight - marginBottom) {
                    addNewPage();
                }

                // --- C. RENDER CONTENT ---
                
                // Render Question Title
                doc.setFontSize(12);
                doc.setTextColor(0, 0, 0);
                doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;bold&quot;);
                doc.text(qTitleLines, marginLeft, cursorY);
                cursorY += qTitleHeight + 2;

                // Render Options
                doc.setFontSize(10);
                doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;normal&quot;);
                
                processedOptions.forEach((pOpt, idx) =&gt; {
                     // Check if this is the correct answer to highlight (Optional visual cue)
                     const letter = String.fromCharCode(65 + idx);
                     if (letter === q.correctAnswer) {
                         doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;bold&quot;);
                         doc.setTextColor(0, 100, 0); // Green
                     } else {
                         doc.setFont(&quot;helvetica&quot;, &quot;normal&quot;);
                         doc.setTextColor(0, 0, 0); // Black
                     }

                    doc.text(pOpt.lines, marginLeft + 5, cursorY);
                    cursorY += pOpt.height + 2;
                });

                // Reset color/font and add bottom padding
                doc.setTextColor(0, 0, 0);
                cursorY += 6; 
            });

            // --- UI: FINALIZING ---
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Saving PDF...&quot;;
            btnProgress.style.width = &quot;90%&quot;;

            // 5. Save File
            doc.save(&#39;PAKMCQs_Questions.pdf&#39;);

            // --- UI: COMPLETE &amp; RESET ---
            btnText.textContent = &quot;Downloaded!&quot;;
            btnProgress.style.width = &quot;100%&quot;;
            
            setTimeout(() =&gt; {
                btn.disabled = false;
                btnText.textContent = originalText;
                btnProgress.style.width = &quot;0%&quot;;
            }, 3000); // Reset after 3 seconds
        }

        // Helper to load image with CORS handling for Blogger Images
        function loadImageAsBase64(url) {
            return new Promise((resolve, reject) =&gt; {
                const img = new Image();
                
                // Ye line zaroori hai taake Google block na kare
                img.crossOrigin = &#39;Anonymous&#39;; 
                
                // URL ke aage time lagaya hai taake browser cache use na kare (Cache breaker)
                if (url.startsWith(&#39;http&#39;)) {
                    img.src = url + (url.includes(&#39;?&#39;) ? &#39;&amp;&#39; : &#39;?&#39;) + &#39;t=&#39; + new Date().getTime();
                } else {
                    img.src = url;
                }

                img.onload = () =&gt; {
                    const canvas = document.createElement(&#39;canvas&#39;);
                    canvas.width = img.width;
                    canvas.height = img.height;
                    const ctx = canvas.getContext(&#39;2d&#39;);
                    ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0);
                    try {
                        const dataURL = canvas.toDataURL(&#39;image/jpeg&#39;, 0.8); // High Quality JPG
                        resolve(dataURL);
                    } catch (e) {
                        console.error(&quot;CORS Error: Image load hui lekin export nahi ho saki.&quot;, e);
                        // Agar phir bhi fail ho jaye to bina image ke continue karega
                        reject(e);
                    }
                };
                
                img.onerror = (e) =&gt; {
                    console.error(&quot;Image Failed to Load from URL:&quot;, url);
                    reject(e);
                };
            });
        }

        /* ========================================================= */

        document.addEventListener(&#39;DOMContentLoaded&#39;, function () {
            generateTOC(); // TOC Generate karna
            currentPage = getCurrentPageFromURL();
            changeHeaderImage(config.headerImageUrl);
            loadQuestions(currentPage);
            checkScrollOnLoad(); // Scroll Check karna if redirected from another page

            document.getElementById(&#39;toggleAnswersBtn&#39;).addEventListener(&#39;click&#39;, toggleAllAnswers);
            document.getElementById(&#39;resetQuizBtn&#39;).addEventListener(&#39;click&#39;, resetQuiz);
            document.getElementById(&#39;readMoreBtn&#39;).addEventListener(&#39;click&#39;, toggleContentExpansion);
            document.getElementById(&#39;contentTranslateBtn&#39;).addEventListener(&#39;click&#39;, toggleContentLanguage);
            
            // === ATTACH PDF GENERATION EVENT ===
            const pdfBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;generatePdfBtn&#39;);
            if (pdfBtn) {
                pdfBtn.addEventListener(&#39;click&#39;, function(e) {
                    e.preventDefault(); // Stop any default link behavior
                    generateDynamicPDF();
                });
            }
            // ===================================
            
            const seeMoreFaqBtn = document.getElementById(&#39;seeMoreFaqBtn&#39;);
            if (seeMoreFaqBtn) {
                seeMoreFaqBtn.addEventListener(&#39;click&#39;, function() {
                    const hiddenFaqs = document.querySelectorAll(&#39;.hidden-faq&#39;);
                    hiddenFaqs.forEach(faq =&gt; {
                        faq.style.display = &#39;block&#39;;
                    });
                    seeMoreFaqBtn.style.display = &#39;none&#39;;
                });
            }
        });

        window.goToPageWithReload = goToPageWithReload;
    &lt;/script&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/html&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/51255189599790045/posts/default/3364329144657901879'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/51255189599790045/posts/default/3364329144657901879'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://www.pakmcqs.org/2026/08/7th-Class-General-Science-Unit-5-Structure-of-an-Atom-MCQs-PakMCQs.html' title='7th Class General Science Unit 5 Structure of an Atom MCQs (ایٹم کی ساخت) | PAKMCQs '/><author><name>Mehtab Ahmad</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05636204994802332371</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxoDccfje8IMeDLKONVdtOIYxqby9eg3UzYzyEElcGbWfZUgvvdrgSw82c8R33_xmk4_SVxEkbZOkGwf2qLj_u4BnHHxHyP-yXPEvxuWWZnCRGIZEWBm9htoIn0mHL9pyQuOTEDAkvFqUa8MFjo9qKYgBCHTn85T8BfTNqB209kvsVeyzuvkd-Ir4i3w/s72-c/7th%20Class%20General%20Science%20Unit%205%20image.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry></feed>