Installing Samba on Ubuntu:

1- Install Samba files

First thing we need to do is to install samba, go to Software center in Ubuntu and search for samba then install the package. If you want to install it via terminal then copy this command :

sudo apt-get install samba samba-common

2- Install some dependencies for Configuration tools (don`t forget to install python-glade2)

sudo apt-get install python-glade2

3- Installing Samba Server configuration Tool :

Now install the graphical interface System-config samba

sudo apt-get install system-config-samba

4- Add a Linux/Unix user:

adduser pirat9

5- Make a Linux/Unix password for user pirat9

passwd pirat9

6- Now open samba configuration tool.

7- Add the folder you want to share and setup the permissions access.

Setup the permissions access

8- Now before to connect to the share, you have to create the samba user :

sudo smbpasswd -a pirat9
New SMB password
retype New SMB Password

Now the configuration is done.

Tip: You can chose any directory you want to share by right click on the folder directory and open the share options

And activate share:

9- Now, let`s test if samba share is working from another Linux Machine, in my case will try to connect from LinuxMint12 machine to Ubuntu 12.04 machine where we just installed samba, from menu open connect to server and type the details of your Ubuntu machine

10-

11-

12- Connect from windows (XP/Vista/7)

Hope the article would be useful.

Source

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Installation of MATE is simple as packages are available for many distros. Installation instructions are available on site.
Fedora
Ubuntu
Debian
Linux Mint
Salix OS/Slackware
Archlinux

Installation

Fedora 16

yum install http://dl.dropbox.com/u/49862637/Mate-desktop/mate-desktop-fedora/releases/16/noarch/mate-desktop-release-16-5.fc16.noarch.rpm -y
yum groupinstall MATE-Desktop -y

Ubuntu 12.04

add-apt-repository “deb http://packages.mate-desktop.org/repo/ubuntu precise main”

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mate-archive-keyring
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mate-core
sudo apt-get install mate-desktop-environment

Once successfully installed you can login to MATE desktop environment.

Uninstall
Fedora

yum groupremove MATE-Desktop

Ubuntu

apt-get remove mate-desktop-environment
apt-get remove mate-core
apt-get remove mate-archive-keyring
apt-get autoremove

Hope the example would be helpful.

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• mate fedora 16 (1)
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• Sheikh Khalid cisco australia (1)
• install mate ubuntu networking (1)

CentOS official repositories don’t contain packages for NVIDIA closed source driver so one needs to add a third party repository that has the driver available, such as the ELRepo repository.

Adding the ELRepo consists of importing the public GPG key and installing the repository:

# rpm --import http://elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org  # rpm -Uvh http://elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-4.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm 

Having added the repository we can finally install the driver (yum pulls nvidia-x11-drv as a dependency) and reboot:

# yum install kmod-nvidia # reboot

Know Issues
By installing NVIDIA closed source drivers, the plymouth graphical boot will no longer be available. In other worlds, the pretty CentOS and SL logos on a black background will be replaced by a bottom horizontal progress bar.

The following link might be useful

http://elrepo.org/tiki/kmod-nvidia

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Before starting the configuration part, you have to know whether you will be configuring IP manually or IP will be assigned directly through DHCP server.

In case of manual IP assignment you should know IP address, subnet mask, gateway and DNS. In this tutorial I am using following information. Remember you don’t require it in case of DHCP configuration.

IP : 192.168.1.100
NETMASK : 255.255.255.0
GATEWAY : 192.168.1.1
BROADCAST : 192.168.1.255
NETWORK : 192.168.1.0
DNS : 8.8.8.8

Method 1 : Configure network GUI mode

Step 1 : First find out the network interface to configure. Open a terminal and run ifconfig

ifconfig

Result will be something similar to below screenshot.

Step 2 : We will be assigning IP address to eth0 adapter. To do the same Click on “System Setting” and select “Network”

Step 3 : As eth0 is wired connection click on “wired”. Choose “ON” option and click on “Configure” button.

Step 4 : Go to “IPv4 Settings” tab. In case of DHCP / Automatic configuration choose “Automatic (DHCP)” option in “method”

In case of manual configuration select “Manual” option in “method”. Click on “Add” button. Enter IP Address, netmask and gateway information. Also enter DNS Server. In this example I am using google DNS server’s IP.

After finishing it up click on “Save” button.

To confirm the setting again run “ifconfig” command and check the “eth0″ interface settings. In case of successful configuration you will see something like below screenshot.

Method 2 : Configure network CLI Mode

Step 1 : First find out the network interface to configure. Open a terminal and run ifconfig

ifconfig

Result will be something similar to below screenshot.

Step 2 : We will be assigning IP address to eth0 adapter. Open a terminal and type

sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces

Step 3 : Now you need to add eth0 information in this file.
In case of DHCP / Automatic IP assignment enter following line and save this file.

iface eth0 inet dhcp

In case of manual IP assignment enter following line and save this file.

iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.1.0
broadcast 192.168.1.255
gateway 192.168.1.1

To configure DNS, enter following command. Remember to run it through “root” user

echo “nameserver 8.8.8.8″ >> /etc/resolve.conf

Step 4 : Now run following command to start eth0 interface

sudo ifup eth0

Step 5: To confirm the setting again run “ifconfig” command and check the “eth0″ interface settings. In case of successful configuration you will see something like below screenshot.

Hope that would be helpful for you.

Source

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To install VirtualBox on Ubuntu you need to add its repository

echo ‘deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian precise contrib’ >> /etc/apt/sources.list

You need to install apt-secure key for VirtualBox

cd /tmp/
wget http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian/oracle_vbox.asc
sudo apt-key add oracle_vbox.asc

To install VirtualBox, do

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install virtualbox-4.1 dkms

To run VirtualBox, Go to Application > System Tools > Oracle VM VirtualBox

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In summary, we start by downloading VirtualBox’s YUM repository file and placing it in the appropriate directory, afterwards we install the dkms and VirtualBox-4.1 packages and conclude by adding your user to be vboxusers group.

Let’s begin by fetching the repo file and placing it under /etc/yum.repos.d/:

[root@~]# $ wget http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/rpm/rhel/virtualbox.repo
[root@~]# $ su
[root@~]# mv virtualbox.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/

Afterwards, installing dkms will bring in cloog-ppl, cpp, gcc, glibc-devel, glibc-headers, kernel-devel, kernel-headers, libgomp, make, mpfr and ppl. These are needed to have VirtualBox match the kernel.

[root@~]# yum install dkms

Then we move to installing VirtualBox itself.

For 32 bits system use:

[root@~]# yum install VirtualBox-4.1.i686

In the case of 64 bits systems:

[root@~]# yum install VirtualBox-4.1.x86_64

Wrap up by adding your user to the vboxusers and rebooting the computer:

[root@~]# usermod -a -G vboxusers ricardo
[root@~]# reboot

Make sure to check and see if your computer BIOS has virtualization support disabled. More often that not, motherboard have it disabled.

Hope the tutorial would be helpful.

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Installation

Download and install the client, node and server packages on your system:

rpm -Uvh nxclient-3.3.0-6.x86_64.rpm nxnode-3.3.0-17.x86_64.rpm nxserver-3.3.0-22.x86_64.rpm

System Configuration

The default configuration, created by the RPM installation, should be sufficient in most scenarios.

User Configuration 

Access through an SSH gateway host

If a firewall prevents direct access to your destination host, use SSH tunnels to forward the traffic from the bastion host to the destination hosts (server1 and server2 here):

ssh -L 2122:server1.example.local:22 -L 2222:server2.example.local:22 ed@bastion.example.local

This command does the following:

• Log on to bastion.example.local as user ed
• Forward TCP port 2122 on localhost to port 22 on server1.example.local
• Forward TCP port 2222 on localhost to port 22 on server2.example.local

In the NX Connection Wizard, create a new session for server1.example.local with server address localhost, port 2122. Create another session for server2.example.local with server address localhost, port 2222.

If you start the NX Client, it will connect to the appropriate SSH tunnel endpoint on localhost. The SSH tunnel on the bastion host will forward the traffic to the real server, behind the firewall.

Note: The SSH daemons on server1 and server2 need to accept username/password based logins, or the NX Client will be unable to connect. This is a limitation of the NX Client.

SSH Public-Key Authentication

By default, the NX Client will ask you for username and password. If you have configured your SSH server to reject password-based authentication, you cannot open a connection. I have not yet found a proper workaround.

Source

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If working:

dev.eviport.com points to svn checkout folder
localhost points to your usual local dev

hosts file:
127.0.0.1       localhost
127.0.0.1   dev.project.com

apache conf:
Comment out other document root lines and paste the following at the bottom of the file:

NameVirtualHost *:80
NameVirtualHost 127.0.0.1:80

<VirtualHost 127.0.0.1>
ServerName dev.project.com
DocumentRoot “D:/dev/project/trunk/”
<Directory “D:/dev/project/trunk/”>
allow from all
order allow,deny
AllowOverride All
</Directory>
DirectoryIndex index.html index.php
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 127.0.0.1>
ServerName localhost
DocumentRoot “D:/dev/”
</VirtualHost>

@ Source

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yum install gcc make libXext-devel libSM-devel libICE-devel zlib-devel libXfixes-devel libXdamage-devel libvorbis-devel libtheora-devel

Because CentOS does not official an RPM for recordmydesktop, we will have to install it from source. We will download a tar of the source code, untar the source, and remove the tar file:

wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/recordmydesktop/recordmydesktop/0.3.8.1/recordmydesktop-0.3.8.1.tar.gz
tar xf recordmydesktop-0.3.8.1.tar.gz
rm -rf recordmydesktop-0.3.8.1.tar.gz

Now, let’s go into the folder and install Recordmydesktop.

cd recordmydesktop-0.3.8.1
./configure
make
make install

If you did not set a custom prefix, running /usr/bin/recordmydesktop should begin recording your desktop! Use the following command (just as with most commands) to view the options available:

recordmydesktop –help

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If you have any 3rd party propriatory graphics card drivers installed it is recommended you remove them prior to the upgrade process to avoid any problems during the update, you can reinstalled them after the upgrade has completed.

Always take a backup before carrying out an operating system upgrade!

How To Upgrade to 12.04 Desktop using the GUI

This is by far the easiest way to upgrade you simple wait until the official release date of 12.04 (which is currently the 26th of April 1012) and upgrade when prompted. If this does not happen it’s probably as the servers are getting hammered by users updating you can either wait or follow the instructions below on how to carry out the network upgrade.

How to Upgrade from 11.10 to 12.o4 for Desktops using Update Manager

If Ubuntu fails to prompt you to upgrade to 12.04 Desktop you can run the update manager process manually, note these instructions are for 11.10 to 12.04 only.

• Run the Update Manager application from the Unity Dash
• In Update Manager, click on “Settings” and enter your password to start the Software Sources application
• Select the sub menu Updates from the Software Sources application
• Check the “Release upgrade – Show new distribution releases” drop down to make sure “Normal releases” is selected, and change it if otherwise
• Close the Software Sources application and return to Update Manager
• In Update Manager, click the Check button to check for new updates.
• If there are any updates to install, use the Install Updates button to install them, and press Check again after that is complete
• A message will appear informing you of the availability of the new release
• Click Upgrade
• Follow the on-screen instructions

Upgrade from 10.04 to 12.o4 for Desktops using Update Manager

The following instructions are for 10.04 to 12.04 Desktop upgrades, this uses a network installation using update manager, please only use these instructions for 10.04 to 12.04 desktops.

• Open the Update Manager application from the System → Administration menu
• In Update Manager, click the “Settings…”, and enter your password to start the Software Sources application
• Select the sub menu Updates from the Software Sources application
• Check the “Release upgrade – Show new distribution releases” drop down to make sure “Long term support releases only” is selected, and change it if otherwise
• Close the Software Sources application and return to Update Manager
• In Update Manager, click the Check button to check for new updates
• If there are any updates to install, use the Install Updates button to install them, and press Check again after that is complete
• A message will appear informing you of the availability of the new release
• Click Upgrade
• Follow the on-screen instructions

Ubuntu Server upgrade to 12.04 using the command line

This is my preferred method of upgrading to 12.04 as it can be ran over SSH or on any version of Ubuntu Server.

To start off with make sure update-manager-core is installed and fully up to date:

sudo apt-get install update-manager-core

Edit the file /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades and add set:

Prompt=normal

Start the upgrade process:

sudo do-release-upgrade

Hope you will find it helpful!

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Check network properties.

To show network properties type in ifconfig command.
1. Open terminal and type in ifconfig command and hit enter key.

[fedora@localhost ~]$ ifconfig

em1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:13:21:65:C7:2D
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
Interrupt:17

em2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:13:21:65:C7:2C
inet addr:60.49.199.75 Bcast:60.49.199.79 Mask:255.255.255.248
inet6 addr: fe80::213:21ff:fe65:c72c/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:14743744 errors:0 dropped:3610 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:691939 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1863873005 (1.7 GiB) TX bytes:84722609 (80.7 MiB)
Interrupt:18

lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:429 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:429 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:36564 (35.7 KiB) TX bytes:36564 (35.7 KiB)

virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:B7:EB:4F
inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

[fedora@localhost ~]$

Open NetworkManager configuration tools.

Then to start the network configuration process, open NetworkManager configuration tools by type in nm-connection-editor on the terminal.

2. Then type in nm-connection-editor and hit enter key, this open the interface of NetworkManager configuration tools…

3. Choose network device that you need to configure and the click edit button… on the example, we choose system em1 network device to edit as an example… then go to IPv4 Settings tab and choose Manual by clicking the Method drop down menu

4. Then… Click on Add button and start adding IP Address. then proceed to put your network DNS server address…

5. Then click on Save button to apply the changes. to activate network interface or to enable disable network interface go to NetworkManager applet (nm-applet) as show on the screenshot below.

Please note :- that this network configuration example tested on Linux Fedora 16 machine… the output may vary base on your machine use, operating system and command version.

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When we Surf the Internet Many Visitors See That Some Website has Auto-Detect System For Viewport Size,Screen Resolution and Mouse Position of User System.

This System is Created By Using JavaScript.So Here Is The Code For Creating this Auto-Detect System in JavaScript.

To Use This Code Just Copy and Paste It.

<script type="text/javascript">
function getViewportWidth()
{
if (window.innerWidth)
{
return window.innerWidth;
}
else if (document.body && document.body.offsetWidth)
{
return document.body.offsetWidth;
}
else
{
return 0;
}
}
function getViewportHeight()
{
if (window.innerHeight)
{
return window.innerHeight;
}
else if (document.body && document.body.offsetHeight)
{
return document.body.offsetHeight;<br />
}
else
{
return 0;
}
}
var tellMeTheSizes=function()
{
document.getElementById("viewportwidth").innerHTML = getViewportWidth() + "px";
document.getElementById("viewportheight").innerHTML = getViewportHeight() + "px";
document.getElementById("resolutionheight").innerHTML = screen.height + "px";
document.getElementById("resolutionwidth").innerHTML = screen.width + "px";
}
window.onload=function()
{
tellMeTheSizes();
}
window.onresize=function()
{
tellMeTheSizes();
}
window.onmousemove=function(event)
{
ev = event || window.event;
document.getElementById("mousetop").innerHTML = ev.pageY + "px";
document.getElementById("mouseleft").innerHTML = ev.pageX + "px";
}
</script>

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Delete Windows Partition:

1. List the windows partition that you want to delete using fdisk -l [target device] command. The example below show that the Windows partition that we want to delete is on the /dev/sdb hard disk device and on the partition number 1 ( show as sdb1 )

[root@fedora ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb

Disk /dev/sdb: 40.0 GB, 40007761920 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 38154 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00b4c6f2

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 38154 39069680 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)

[root@fedora ~]#

2. Execute the fdisk command as show on the example below.

[root@fedora ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 38154.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs

(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

3. Then type in ‘m’ key and hit Enter key to display the help menu for fdisk command. Command (m for help): m

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition’s system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)

4. Type in ‘d’ key and hit Enter key to delete a partition, select the partition that you want to delete.
Command (m for help): d

Selected partition 1

5. Verify again by type in ‘p’ command, to list all partition table inside the hard disk.
Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 40.0 GB, 40007761920 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 38154 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00b4c6f2
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

6. Save the changes that you made by type in the ‘w’ key then hit Enter key
Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

[root@fedora ~]#

Check deleted partition on hard disk

To verify: After exit the fdisk command… check Windows deleted partition again using fdisk command as show on example below.

[root@fedora ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb

Disk /dev/sdb: 40.0 GB, 40007761920 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 38154 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00b4c6f2

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

[root@fedora ~]#

Hope the example will be helpful!

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DEVICE=”eth0″
HWADDR=”xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx”
NM_CONTROLLED=”yes”
ONBOOT=”no”

Follow this steps to set static ip and set it auto start once rebooted in CentOS 6.2 :

1. Configure eth0:

[root@centos6 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=”eth0″
HWADDR=”00:0C:29:67:51:B1″
NM_CONTROLLED=”yes”
ONBOOT=”yes”
IPADDR=192.168.1.44
BOOTPRO=static
NETMASK=255.255.255.0

2. Configure Default gateway:

[root@centos6 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=centos6.2
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1

3. Restart Network interface:

[root@centos6 ~]# /etc/init.d/network restart

or

[root@centos6 ~]# Service network restart

4. Configure DNS server:

[root@centos6 ~]# vi /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 192.168.1.1

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Previously installing Webmin on your Ubuntu server required a few workarounds thanks to its reliance on deprecated perl libraries, but nowadays you can actually do a full install via the standard APT mechanism.

First, edit your sources file to add the Webmin repository:

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

Add the following two lines at the end of the file:

deb http://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge contrib
deb http://webmin.mirror.somersettechsolutions.co.uk/repository sarge contrib

Next, add the necessary key to ensure smooth access:

cd ~
wget http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc
sudo apt-key add jcameron-key.asc

Now that we’re all set up, time to do the actual download and install:

sudo apt-get update
apt-get install webmin
apt-get -f install

Done. You should now be able to login to Webmin at the URL http://localhost:10000/. Or if accessing it remotely, replace localhost with your system’s IP address. You can login in with any user account that has sudo powers.

Related Link
http://www.webmin.com/index.html

Reference

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Question:

My main concern is having packet sniffers and what not getting access to the data.

The only ways I see at the moment is to have VPN running on the network or use IPSec policy’s to do this. Is there any other way to do that?

Answer:
IPSEC is the network layer encryption designed specifically to cover this case (among others).

If you do not want to mess with it because of the complexity and cannot use HTTPS throughout for some reason, you might consider relying on your network equipment’s isolation features. WPA2-enterprise encrypts client-to-AP traffic and is not susceptible to man-in-the-middle attacks due to a secret shared among all users as WPA-PSK would be. Managed switches allow either for locking down the MAC forwarding database or using authenticated connections (802.1x) with a MAC address lockdown so MAC spoofing attacks allowing authenticated users to sniff on other user’s data would be mitigated. This would not protect your users from a direct tap on layer 1 though (e.g. a hub or a wiretap device installed somewhere between the switch port and the user’s laptop Ethernet jack).

Answered by syneticon-dj

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tar.gz files are commonly used on Linux operating systems for source packages and for grouping large amounts of small files, tar.gz is by far the most common compressed archive software used on Linux, if you are from a Windows background you will be familiar with .zip this is a similar propitiatory equivalent.

How to untar tar.gz archive

tar -xvzf archive.tar.gz

You should be left with your extracted files in a directory or in the directory where you extracted your tar.gz file.

I will explain the Linux untar options I used above:

x = Extract
v = Verbose (it shows you what files are extracted from the archive on the console)
z = Filter through gzip – allows us to extract gzip compression using the Linux tar command.
f = File, this tells the command we which to use a file

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This should include requests to the root domain as well as any (wildcard) subdomain.

I also don’t want any unnecessary if statements, as per the nginx pitfalls document.

Here’s what I have so far but it only seems to work for the root domain, not subdoamins.

server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name www.*;
rewrite “^www\.(.*)” $scheme://$1 permanent;
}

Solution:
My understanding of your question is the following:
Redirect all requests reaching any subdomain of an arbitrary root domain to the root domain – in a reasonably general manner. For example:

www.example1.com -> example1.com
abcd.example2.com -> example2.com
*.exampleN.com -> exampleN.com

Let’s start with the easy case first – a known root domain, with any subdomain:

server{
server_name *.example.com;
rewrite ^ $scheme://example.com permanent;
}server{
listen 80 default_server;
server_name example.com;
#your main config
}

This is fairly well optimized – no if statements, no unnecessary captures in the rewrite – and wildcard server_names are hashed for performance. The first server block matches any subdomain and will issue a redirect to the second server block which only matches the root domain. (Note, although it is easy to match both conditions in one server block (server_name .example.com – no * needed) the two server blocks are needed to prevent a redirect loop).

The more generalized case requires some way of identifying the domain, since it is ‘unknown’. We therefore need to parse the server_name – and can do so with a regex capture.

server{
server_name ~^(.+\.)(?.+\..+)$;
rewrite ^ $scheme://$domain permanent;
}server{
listen 80 default_server;
server_name _;
#your main config
}

Here we have a (required) subdomain – (.+\.) means any character (.) repeated one or more times (+) followed by an actual ‘.’ (escaped with the backslash) – this capture will be assigned to $1 if we need it.

The next section is very similar – we are using Perl 5.1/PCRE7 notation for a ‘named capture’ – ?assigns the capture to $domain. Our domain can be anything (.) one or more characters in length (+), followed by an actual ‘.’ and then another set of any characters (the TLD). This regex will not work for TLDs which contain a ‘.’ – e.g. ‘co.uk’ – if you will be using those, it is probably best to specify the valid TLDs in your regex. For example:

server_name ^(.+\.)(?.+\.(co\.uk|net|org|com))$

We use the same rewrite as above, just replacing the static root domain with the captured domain.

Since a common case with the ‘unknown’ domain scenario will see you passing the same files to all the domains, you probably don’t need to capture the domain name in the default_server block (it is more efficient to avoid the regex when possible).

It is important to note that regex matches have the lowest priority – exact names, and wildcard entries take precendence over regexes. Additionally, unlike exact names and wildcard entries – regexes are not hashed. Finally, when using regexes with captures, even if only one server block is defined, the expression must be evaluated for every request to obtain the captures.

As a result of the above, if you do have to do something specific with a particular domain name, simply define a new server block for it and that will take precedence over the default_server block defined above.

If you know the domain names, even if they are numerous, you will get better performance if you can include the static name instead of using a regex. That said, there are some cases (e.g. allowing users to point their (unknown) domain at your IP as part of a service) where you may not know the domain and where the regex approach is necessary.

(Of course, this needs a matching wildcard DNS entry for the requests to ever reach the server.)

Reference

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Dim the Lights

In most of the devices, including cellphones, the display is the biggest culprit when it comes to reduced battery life. A brightly lit laptop won’t really help you get through a whole workday. The best solution to this problem is to dim the screen as much as possible. If, in certain cases like movie-watching or reading you need a bright display, you can turn the brightness up for that period and them dim the screen back when you’re finished.

Kill the Slowpokes

It’s not just the display that hurts the battery, it’s also those CPU-hogging programs that make you reach out for the charger sooner than expected. That said, it’s not always easy for a user to spot that the CPU is under a load. It takes a real slowdown or freezing to realize that the program has become a mess and needs to be killed.

Don’t worry yet, as you can always keep an eye on your CPU or RAM by using any of the following methods:

1. Take a look at the system monitor if you feel the slightest of difference in performance. From there, you can kill any misbehaving task.

2. Ubuntu users can install the System Load Indicator from a ppa, which, once installed, will let you take a look at the performance right from the indicator menu. To install, go to the terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and paste/type in the following commands.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:indicator-multiload/stable-daily

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install indicator-multiload

Power Management

The computer’s power management scheme is one of the most important factors that decide the fate of your battery. In the power management settings window, always make sure you choose a balanced plan that helps you get through a whole workday without looking for an adapter. Another great way to take advantage of this setting is by making sure that the laptop goes into suspend mode as soon as the lid is closed. Though, it might not be a suitable setting for folks who are a tad impatient, it still is one of the most effective ways of saving battery life. To access the power management settings in Ubuntu, open the Dash (Super/Windows key) and type in the word “Power” without quotes.

Hibernate over Suspend

If, instead of shutting down your laptop, you put it on suspend mode, always make sure you’re connected to a charger. If not, then put the computer in hibernate mode and go for a nice nap. That way, neither would you lose any precious battery life nor would you lose your current work.

Keep It Cool

Most of the battery loss also occurs due to overheating laptops. The overheating issue is something that affects a lot of laptops. To remedy that problem, simply use a laptop cooling pad, a simple accessory that saves your computer from overheating. It’s also a good idea to keep an eye on the temperature; to do that, simply install the system monitor indicator that comes with various temperature sensors.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alexeftimie/ppa

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install indicator-sysmonitor

Or, if all you want is a simple hardware sensor, then try out the following indicator applet:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alexmurray/indicator-sensors

sudo apt-get install indicator-sensors

Update Update Update

Finally, always remember to update your computer. The Linux kernel is continuously improving, and so are the distributions. In Ubuntu 12.04 for example, users will get to see an improved support for battery life. So, make sure you don’t ignore your computer when it badgers you to give it a big update.

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I’m using Debian on daily basis, and everybody that had even little of experience with Debian should already be aware about the existence of the handy:
/etc/modules file.
On Debian to enable a certain kernel module to load up on Linux boot, all necessery is to just place the kernel module name in /etc/modules.

For example loading the tun tunneling kernel module I issue the command:

debian:~# echo tun >> /etc/modules


I wondered if CentOS, also supports /etc/modules as it was necessery now to add this tun module to load up on CentOS’s boot.
After a bit of research I’ve figured out CentOS does not have support for adding modules names in /etc/modules , anyhow after consulting CentOS documentation on  http://www.centos.org , I found CentOS and RHEL use /etc/rc.modules instead of Debian’s /etc/modules to load up any custom kernel modules not loaded by default during system boot.

Therefore instructing the RHEL Linux to load up my desired tun module in kernel on next boot was as easy as executing:

[root@centos ~]# echo 'modprobe tun' >> /etc/rc.modules
[root@centos ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.modules


Now on next boot CentOS will load up the tun module in kernel. Achiving the same module load up is also possible through /etc/rc.local , but it’s not recommended way as /etc/rc.local would load up the kernel module after all of the rest init boot scripts complete and therefore will load up the module slightly later, at the final boot stage.

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