en-US Physics Forums RSS Feed This is the official global feed for PhysicsForums.com Tue, 28 Jul 2026 09:21:19 +0000 Tue, 28 Jul 2026 09:21:19 +0000 Physics Forums - Science by Humans https://www.physicsforums.com/ Is infinity a necessary concept? Tue, 28 Jul 2026 09:16:17 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/is-infinity-a-necessary-concept.1085754/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085754 invalid@example.com (FermisPairOfDucks) FermisPairOfDucks How fundamental is the concept of "infinity" to mathematics? Is it just a necessary idea to say that a limit has converged? I sometimes worry about the thought experiments that people come up with:
1) monkeys recreating Shakespeare
2) there must life out there because space is "infinite" so the...

Read more]]> 76 Particle vs Wave Interpretations of QM Tue, 28 Jul 2026 08:54:05 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/particle-vs-wave-interpretations-of-qm.1085762/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085762 invalid@example.com (jeffn1) jeffn1 I am curious whether undergrad physics students take courses on the philosophy of science. For example, does your syllabus include reading the seminal book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas Kuhn. Physics is sort of the cutting edge for these type of issues. Of course, Newton...

Read more]]> 192 Is A.I. more than the sum of its parts? Tue, 28 Jul 2026 08:47:48 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/is-a-i-more-than-the-sum-of-its-parts.1084008/ urn:xenforo:thread:1084008 invalid@example.com (webplodder) webplodder Given that neuroscience cannot definitively explain where consciousness originates - whether as an emergent property of the brain or something transcendent - is it be possible for complex chatbots to develop behaviours that can’t be predicted by simply analyzing the sum of their parts?]]> 530 Single-photon double-slit with multiple apparatuses? Tue, 28 Jul 2026 08:39:50 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/single-photon-double-slit-with-multiple-apparatuses.1085857/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085857 invalid@example.com (aletheia) aletheia Has anyone tested the double-slit experiment with single photons using multiple identical apparatuses — each with its own emission history —, and then formed the histogram from these “zillions” photons?

Standard QM predicts the outcome as only statistical.

If the histogram formed from...

Read more]]> 3 PF Style 2026 Tue, 28 Jul 2026 08:38:30 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/pf-style-2026.1085732/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085732 invalid@example.com (Greg Bernhardt) Greg Bernhardt PF style 2026 has been released. It's a warmer, more modern and academic theme. Please thread in your feedback and suggestions. I'll be making numerous tweaks over the coming weeks. We have a dark style to try out. If you select system in the mode selector it will sync with your system...

Read more]]> 226 AI and translation Tue, 28 Jul 2026 07:29:22 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/ai-and-translation.1085854/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085854 invalid@example.com (Frabjous) Frabjous I recently checked out an old German book about tanks from the library. There was a paragraph that I wanted translated so I fed it into an AI and got a decent translation.

For fun, I decided to scan the page to a pdf and feed it to the translator.
1) The section I had previously translated was...

Read more]]> 4 Wordle Lovers - Play the NYT Daily Game Tue, 28 Jul 2026 07:16:40 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/wordle-lovers-play-the-nyt-daily-game.1016903/ urn:xenforo:thread:1016903 invalid@example.com (fresh_42) fresh_42 This thread is for all who like the daily Wordle game of the New York Times as much as I do.

The rules:

1) https://www.nytimes.com/games/wordle/index.html
2) Post your result.
3) Do not spoil the answer.]]> 8658 A differential geometry question from continuum mechanics Tue, 28 Jul 2026 05:34:28 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/a-differential-geometry-question-from-continuum-mechanics.1085839/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085839 invalid@example.com (wrobel) wrobel Consider the flow of a continuous medium with a smooth velocity field ##\boldsymbol v(x)## in ##\mathbb{R}^3\ni x##. The density of the medium is ##\rho(x)##. Here ##\mathbb{R}^3## is equipped with the standard inner product ##\delta_{ij}##.

By definition, the momentum of a material volume...

Read more]]> 18 Cover songs versus the original track, which ones are better? Tue, 28 Jul 2026 05:32:24 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/cover-songs-versus-the-original-track-which-ones-are-better.1050205/ urn:xenforo:thread:1050205 invalid@example.com (pinball1970) pinball1970 Which songs were performed, arranged or produced better in a cover than the original version?
Which songs should have been left well alone?

Also, I think restricting the covers just to released singles will restrict some interesting stonkers and stinkers so album tracks are allowed.]]> 2524 Definition of distance in GTR Tue, 28 Jul 2026 03:20:15 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/definition-of-distance-in-gtr.1085842/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085842 invalid@example.com (wolfgang6444) wolfgang6444 Up front I need to say that I have a certain understanding of STR, but never studied GTR thoroughly.
What puzzled me is the interferometric proof of gravitational waves: I always assumed that the definition of distance d=c*t for a beam of light traveling the distance also holds true in GTR. If...

Read more]]> 4 Renewable Energy Sources are Making Gains Tue, 28 Jul 2026 03:02:24 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/renewable-energy-sources-are-making-gains.1085847/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085847 invalid@example.com (BillTre) BillTre Screenshot 2026-07-22 at 9.51.13 AM.webp

Screenshot 2026-07-22 at 9.56.42 AM.webp

Screenshot 2026-07-23 at 7.07.14 PM.webp

Screenshot 2026-07-24 at 8.07.36 AM.webp

Screenshot 2026-07-25 at 9.15.18 AM.webp]]> 4 Is AI Overhyped? Tue, 28 Jul 2026 02:49:01 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/is-ai-overhyped.1080669/ urn:xenforo:thread:1080669 invalid@example.com (SamRoss) SamRoss In my discussions elsewhere, I've noticed a lot of disagreement regarding AI. A question that comes up is, "Is AI hype?" Unfortunately, when this question is asked, the one asking, as far as I can tell, may mean one of three things which can lead to lots of confusion. I'll list them out now for...

Read more]]> 496 Condensed Matter Physics Tue, 28 Jul 2026 02:18:34 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/condensed-matter-physics.1085855/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085855 invalid@example.com (Peter Parker) Peter Parker Actually, I don't know much about condensed matter, but I want to pass physics.Forum to learn something, in fact.As a college student, I want to continue to study condensed matter or theoretical physics at the graduate stage.So I came here.]]> 0 Let us think about the two forms of the small letter "g" Mon, 27 Jul 2026 23:00:56 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/let-us-think-about-the-two-forms-of-the-small-letter-g.1085848/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085848 invalid@example.com (symbolipoint) symbolipoint A fast share of something maybe too few of us have thought about: the two ways of finding the small letter form of "g".

https://neurosciencenews.com/letter-g-learning-8724/]]> 4 How valid is the indivisible interpretation of quantum mechanics? Mon, 27 Jul 2026 22:43:24 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/how-valid-is-the-indivisible-interpretation-of-quantum-mechanics.1085197/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085197 invalid@example.com (DarkloidNeos) DarkloidNeos I was reading up on the theory and apparently it's saying stuff that is in direct opposition with current views like how there is no wave function, but that quantum processes occur by randomness? I'm not sure how valid it might be but all I know is that it's a massive departure from the usual stuff.]]> 140 Cloaking a drone Mon, 27 Jul 2026 22:24:08 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/cloaking-a-drone.1085816/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085816 invalid@example.com (.Scott) .Scott In an article from Northwestern University, engineers have designed a blurry drone and built a prototype.
The photo below is a screenshot from the video that accompanies the article:

Screenshot 2026-07-22 110551.webp

Yes. That's it hovering in front of the plant - that ghostly torus-like thing.

Per the...

Read more]]> 5 Please give me examples of people who are famous for 2 different things Mon, 27 Jul 2026 21:03:38 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/please-give-me-examples-of-people-who-are-famous-for-2-different-things.1085786/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085786 invalid@example.com (sevensages) sevensages I always find it mighty interesting (and impressive) when people are famous for two or more totally unrelated things, especially when one didn't lead to another.

Here are some examples of people who are famous for two or more totally unrelated things:

Robert Leonard ---- He was an original...

Read more]]> 43 Collection of Lame Jokes Mon, 27 Jul 2026 19:06:28 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/collection-of-lame-jokes.25301/ urn:xenforo:thread:25301 invalid@example.com (quddusaliquddus) quddusaliquddus Lamest joke you know ... :zzz:]]> 24189 Space Stuff and Launch Info Mon, 27 Jul 2026 18:50:18 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/space-stuff-and-launch-info.879196/ urn:xenforo:thread:879196 invalid@example.com (1oldman2) 1oldman2 Due to the constant never ending supply of "cool stuff" happening in Aerospace these days I'm creating this thread to consolidate posts every time something new comes along. Please feel free to add random information if its relevant. So to start things off here is the SpaceX Dragon launch coming...

Read more]]> 1679 If gravity is emergent, how does this affect string theory and loop quantum gravity? Mon, 27 Jul 2026 18:34:13 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/if-gravity-is-emergent-how-does-this-affect-string-theory-and-loop-quantum-gravity.1085657/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085657 invalid@example.com (kodama) kodama the paper in

Physical Review Letters​


From Quantum Relative Entropy to the Semiclassical Einstein Equations​

Philipp Dorau* and Albert Much†


Abstract​

We provide arguments indicating that the semiclassical Einstein equations follow from quantum...

Read more]]> 10 A Toast for the Odd People Mon, 27 Jul 2026 17:37:21 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/a-toast-for-the-odd-people.1085852/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085852 invalid@example.com (symbolipoint) symbolipoint (Exact forum placement uncertain, so go ahead and put where mod. thinks best fits)

This video strongly tells that maybe odd people, such as autistic people, have often been good for survival and for societies.



While not having yet finished watching, it seems getting better,...]]> 0 Random Thoughts 7 Mon, 27 Jul 2026 16:25:17 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/random-thoughts-7.1056780/ urn:xenforo:thread:1056780 invalid@example.com (Evo) Evo Time to start a new thread.

Here is the last page of part 6.

https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/random-thoughts-part-6.875108/page-317#post-6960672]]> 2035 Running older induction motors on VFDs Mon, 27 Jul 2026 15:56:29 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/running-older-induction-motors-on-vfds.1085581/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085581 invalid@example.com (Guineafowl) Guineafowl The ‘spiky’ output of variable frequency drives (VFDs) can damage the insulation of older motors. They’re often used to run three phase motors on single-phase supplies in hobby workshops. (Modern motors have upgraded insulation and are designated ‘inverter-duty’.) I wonder what cheap and...

Read more]]> 56 Today I Learned Mon, 27 Jul 2026 14:17:26 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/today-i-learned.783257/ urn:xenforo:thread:783257 invalid@example.com (Greg Bernhardt) Greg Bernhardt Every day we learn new things. Sometimes it's just a small fact or realization. No matter how trivial or random, let's start recording our daily lessons.

Please start off with "Today I learned". Keep commentary to a minimum and just LIKE posts. I'll start!

Today I learned that you clean...

Read more]]> 6974 Square root of Kretschmann scalar: any known uses? Mon, 27 Jul 2026 13:18:37 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/square-root-of-kretschmann-scalar-any-known-uses.1085844/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085844 invalid@example.com (Roberto Pavani) Roberto Pavani In Schwarzschild vacuum, the Kretschmann scalar is

##K = R_{abcd}R^{abcd} = \frac{48M^2}{r^6}##

I notice that ##\sqrt{K}## has dimensions of ##[\text{length}]^{-2}## and a clean ##1/r^3## profile.

Has ##\sqrt{K}## (as opposed to ##K## itself) appeared in any published work as a...

Read more]]> 7 Random Photos Mon, 27 Jul 2026 12:14:11 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/random-photos.994801/ urn:xenforo:thread:994801 invalid@example.com (Point Conception) Point Conception A topic for random photos: Ko-Larn island 7 km West of PattayaIMG_20200717_114141.jpg]]> 3864 Power formula for space navigation, MHD propulsion Mon, 27 Jul 2026 11:46:30 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/power-formula-for-space-navigation-mhd-propulsion.1085841/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085841 invalid@example.com (soliris) soliris Hello

Interested in MHD propulsion, I thought this power formula in watts, inspired by the Lorentz force, might be useful:
P = B.U.D.I,
where B = Tesla magnetic field, U = rotational speed, D = diameter of a rotating magnet, and I = intensity of the injected electric current.
The model used...

Read more]]> 2 Nordmu - new member Mon, 27 Jul 2026 11:24:17 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/nordmu-new-member.1085850/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085850 invalid@example.com (nordmu) nordmu Hello, my name is Norman B. and I go as nordmu.

I study Energy and Environmental Systems Engineering in Switzerland.
My favorite subjects are Thermo- and Fluid Dynamics.
I will do my bachelor thesis in the Fluid-Lab.

Thanks for having me, cheers, nordmu]]> 1 Please Explain (actually explain) The Monty Hall Problem Mon, 27 Jul 2026 09:54:15 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/please-explain-actually-explain-the-monty-hall-problem.1082790/ urn:xenforo:thread:1082790 invalid@example.com (Timbre) Timbre Hello,

I'm joining this forum to ask two questions which have nagged me for some time. They both are presumed obvious, yet don't make sense to me. Nobody will explain their positions, which is...uh...aka science. I also have a thread for the other question.

But this one involves...

Read more]]> 147 When light is polarized with itself Mon, 27 Jul 2026 07:15:14 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/when-light-is-polarized-with-itself.1085849/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085849 invalid@example.com (Vectronix) Vectronix What does light do to different materials at each frequency range when light is polarized with itself, meaning the electric and magnetic fields form a double helix but one is based on sine and the other one cosine 90 “degrees” out of phase? I hope I’m making this clear enough.]]> 1 Share Animal Pictures: For Animal Lovers Mon, 27 Jul 2026 00:48:45 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/share-animal-pictures-for-animal-lovers.583729/ urn:xenforo:thread:583729 invalid@example.com (micromass) micromass Post your favorite animal pictures here!]]> 3047 Classical mechanics problem Sun, 26 Jul 2026 22:59:35 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/classical-mechanics-problem.1085845/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085845 invalid@example.com (Antonio18) Antonio18 Captura de pantalla 2026-07-26 181047.webp]]> 6 Thought Experiment: What Lies Beyond the Furthest Object in Space? Sun, 26 Jul 2026 22:57:25 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/thought-experiment-what-lies-beyond-the-furthest-object-in-space.1085843/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085843 invalid@example.com (Amazed) Amazed If there is space and a distance between an imagined furthest object away from earth and the next closest object toward Earth, then what is on the other side of that furthest object?

Is there also space and a distance surrounding that furthest object and 'stretching out', for lack of a better...

Read more]]> 11 Latest Notable AI accomplishments Sun, 26 Jul 2026 20:20:13 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/latest-notable-ai-accomplishments.937195/ urn:xenforo:thread:937195 invalid@example.com (gleem) gleem Developments in AI and machine learning continue to progress at a rate that may be surprising and not just in playing games but in pattern recognition and image analysis in medicine, astronomy and business. One of the challenges to AI is effective natural language processing. Last week both...

Read more]]> 92 Hello, I am Matthew Sun, 26 Jul 2026 19:36:58 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/hello-i-am-matthew.1085846/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085846 invalid@example.com (matthewmattymcflyy) matthewmattymcflyy Hello all,

This is just my introduction. Thank you for all this knowledge contribution on this platform and soon to contribute my own cosmic ideas. Promise to not leave you waiting ;)]]> 2 Best way to numerically solve this system of equations? Sun, 26 Jul 2026 08:40:33 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/best-way-to-numerically-solve-this-system-of-equations.1085678/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085678 invalid@example.com (Ax_xiom) Ax_xiom So I'm working on a project where I am trying to work out what the ideal sizes of rocket stages are and I am using Excel to allow the user to interact with this quickly. The method I am using is derived from this video, and I end up with this system of equations: \begin{align}
1 -...

Read more]]> 20 Is the criteria for the present perfect tense in Warriner's textbook inadequate? Sat, 25 Jul 2026 21:59:29 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/is-the-criteria-for-the-present-perfect-tense-in-warriners-textbook-inadequate.1062432/ urn:xenforo:thread:1062432 invalid@example.com (sevensages) sevensages I have looked up the definitions of the past tense and present perfect tense in John Warriner's magisterial textbook Warriner's English Grammar and Composition. To me, it seems as though Warriner's definition of the present perfect tense is inadequate.

Warriner's definition of the past tense...

Read more]]> 41 Problem-Solving Strategy for Dynamics Problems Sat, 25 Jul 2026 20:38:24 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/problem-solving-strategy-for-dynamics-problems.1017584/ urn:xenforo:thread:1017584 invalid@example.com (Ackbach) Ackbach I would highly recommend this to your attention. It can save you hours of frustration in solving problems. Note, however, that not every part necessarily applies to every problem.

View attachment Problem Solving Strategy.pdf

As per the discussion below, it is incumbent upon me to cite sources. This pdf was one I created from...

Read more]]> 3 Gerry and Knight solution to single-mode Maxwell equation Sat, 25 Jul 2026 18:13:42 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/gerry-and-knight-solution-to-single-mode-maxwell-equation.1085664/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085664 invalid@example.com (Kekeedme) Kekeedme In the book, they present the solution to the maxwell equation for a wave propagating in 1-D. My only issue is determining where the specific expression for the amplitude of the electric field comes from. Their solution is:
Screenshot 2026-07-08 at 11.04.53 AM.webp
Even if we use the classical energy in the field and equate...

Read more]]> 2 Is Gravi-GUT a candidate theory of everything? Sat, 25 Jul 2026 15:40:48 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/is-gravi-gut-a-candidate-theory-of-everything.1082728/ urn:xenforo:thread:1082728 invalid@example.com (kodama) kodama this thread is to open up discussion on Gravi-GUT as theories of everything

GUT or Grand Unified Theories attempt to unify the 3 forces of weak E&M and strong force, and Gravi-GUT want to add gravity.

this peer reviewed paper in a journal on Gravi-GUT

Chirality in unified theories of...​


Read more]]> 18 Two A/D use cases for Radar Sat, 25 Jul 2026 15:17:02 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/two-a-d-use-cases-for-radar.1085838/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085838 invalid@example.com (senmeis) senmeis Hi,

I have two questions to this document: http://ece.wpi.edu/radarcourse/Rada... Parameter Estimation and Tracking Part 1.pdf.



1. On page 9: Estimation of the range of a target is based upon using A/D sampled measurements of the round...

Read more]]> 1 Introduction Sat, 25 Jul 2026 09:45:20 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/introduction.1085812/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085812 invalid@example.com (yjqwh) yjqwh Hello everyone.

I am an independent researcher engaged in fundamental physics research. My core theory is the light-origin theory, which proposes that all matter is condensed bound photons.

Several of my manuscripts are archived on Zenodo. I hope to communicate and discuss physics with all...

Read more]]> 4 Playing the guitar, the difference between being good and being a genius.... Sat, 25 Jul 2026 04:05:53 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/playing-the-guitar-the-difference-between-being-good-and-being-a-genius.1080518/ urn:xenforo:thread:1080518 invalid@example.com (sbrothy) sbrothy In danger of blowing my own horn I consider myself moderately good at playing the guitar. Other people even tell me so. But, every time there's any danger of it going to my head I listen to this particular piece and I'm instantly put in my place:

]]> 142 Heat radiation in vacuum Sat, 25 Jul 2026 02:54:51 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/heat-radiation-in-vacuum.1085787/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085787 invalid@example.com (ravindrar) ravindrar Suppose I have a vacuum chamber made entirely of stainless steel and it is completely enclosed on all sides. Inside the chamber, fruit slices are placed on a tray for vacuum drying.

Assume the chamber is not externally heated. Instead, its outer surface is exposed only to ambient air at about...

Read more]]> 27 What if we could use a Black Hole as starship? Sat, 25 Jul 2026 02:08:46 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/what-if-we-could-use-a-black-hole-as-starship.1085829/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085829 invalid@example.com (Fabien) Fabien What if the black hole's gravity were used while a spaceship was at the center of a black hole? If a mass reached the event horizon, time would appear to slow down for it, and reaching the center would take a long time, at least from the perspective of an outside observer, since the mass...

Read more]]> 17 Structural failure (buckling) of columns in NY City building, 235 E 42nd Street Fri, 24 Jul 2026 23:03:30 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/structural-failure-buckling-of-columns-in-ny-city-building-235-e-42nd-street.1085665/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085665 invalid@example.com (Astronuc) Astronuc Someone failed to do proper calculations/analysis.

https://apnews.com/video/what-to-kn...-evacuations-0dace9e1f11e4387abeb03738d773200

"Images and videos of the Manhattan building analyzed by The NY Times show that the...

Read more]]> 14 Options for fixing power connector on Acer laptop Fri, 24 Jul 2026 22:28:23 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/options-for-fixing-power-connector-on-acer-laptop.1085818/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085818 invalid@example.com (DaveC426913) DaveC426913 I am looking for options before sending my laptop away for a week only to have them tell me I need a whole new motherboard.

The little springy clip that holds the connector in the socket seems to have worn down, so it sits against the central pin. When I put the connector in it doesn't push the...

Read more]]> 25 Cray-2 Supercomputer Comparisons Fri, 24 Jul 2026 22:19:45 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/cray-2-supercomputer-comparisons.1085820/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085820 invalid@example.com (berkeman) berkeman I "liked" a post on Facebook earlier today that compared the computing power of a Cray-2 supercomputer from the 1980s to a current full-featured desktop graphics computer. The current computer was amazingly stronger compared to the Cray-2 computer system.

I was fortunate enough to see a...

Read more]]> 5 Observation about the rotation of a disc Fri, 24 Jul 2026 14:19:18 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/observation-about-the-rotation-of-a-disc.1002427/ urn:xenforo:thread:1002427 invalid@example.com (etotheipi) etotheipi Someone that I tutor asked a simple but pretty good question today which I thought I'd share the answer to. In a tidied up form: a disc with centre at the origin and central axis parallel to a unit vector ##\mathbf{n}## in the ##xy## plane rotates with a constant angular velocity...

Read more]]> 6 Need a technical term for part of pressure hatch Fri, 24 Jul 2026 09:57:41 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/need-a-technical-term-for-part-of-pressure-hatch.1085836/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085836 invalid@example.com (Nik_2213) Nik_2213 World-building...

When a pressure hatch with a central 'wheel' drives its 4/6/8 radial bolts to 'dog' to coaming hard-points, what are those hard-points called ??

Ashore, a dead-bolt mates with a striker plate or, if surface-mount rim-lock, a robust 'keeper'...]]> 1 Particles' Intrinsic Properties in QFT Fri, 24 Jul 2026 01:43:44 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/particles-intrinsic-properties-in-qft.1085562/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085562 invalid@example.com (LarryS) LarryS In single-particle nonrelativistic QM, a particle, say an electron, has intrinsic properties like rest mass, charge and spin magnitude and extrinsic/dynamic properties like momentum and energy. Does this intrinsic/extrinsic dichotomy carry over to, say, the electron...

Read more]]> 21 Open Source: Electrostatic Perimeter for Wildfire Mitigation Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:55:45 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/open-source-electrostatic-perimeter-for-wildfire-mitigation.1085824/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085824 invalid@example.com (Hugox) Hugox Author: Hugo (16 years old)

Date: July 2026

Category: Applied Electrodynamics / Fire Protection Engineering

Licence: Open Source Hardware / Public Domain Concept

Author's Note:

I am 16 years old and I developed this conceptual idea to help mitigate the devastating effects of wildfires...

Read more]]> 4 Replicating Wang-Haiting Space-Charge Field Equations Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:35:10 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/replicating-wang-haiting-space-charge-field-equations.1085826/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085826 invalid@example.com (babaliaris) babaliaris Hello guys!


I'm a senior electrical & computer engineer at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece), and I'm working on my Thesis: A Software Application For Simulating the Effects of Space Charge In A Rod-Plane Gap, which depends heavily on the work of Wang Wenduan, Wang...

Read more]]> 2 Hi, my name is Fabien, I'm 32 years old, and I live in Italy Thu, 23 Jul 2026 22:18:40 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/hi-my-name-is-fabien-im-32-years-old-and-i-live-in-italy.1085828/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085828 invalid@example.com (Fabien) Fabien Hi, my name is Fabien, I'm 32 years old, and recently, even without having studied mathematics or physics, I've had ideas and insights into physics through observation, reasoning, and imagination. In total, starting in February 2026, I wrote down my 19 theories in Gemini to get feedback, since I...

Read more]]> 9 Concept and misconceptions in physics Thu, 23 Jul 2026 21:14:42 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/concept-and-misconceptions-in-physics.1085827/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085827 invalid@example.com (Braja21) Braja21 How to download pdf]]> 1 Is the Cauchy stress tensor really a tensor? Thu, 23 Jul 2026 20:15:34 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/is-the-cauchy-stress-tensor-really-a-tensor.1078288/ urn:xenforo:thread:1078288 invalid@example.com (Philip Wood) Philip Wood I've just started learning about tensors from Jeevanjee's highly praised 'An Introduction to Tensors and Group Theory for Physicists'. He defines a tensor as a function, linear in each of its arguments, that takes some vectors (maybe only 2) and produces a number. [The components of the tensor...

Read more]]> 9 The Secrets of Prof. Verschure's Rosetta Stones Thu, 23 Jul 2026 18:04:35 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/the-secrets-of-prof-verschures-rosetta-stones.1054432/ urn:xenforo:thread:1054432 invalid@example.com (Andy Resnick) Andy Resnick (Edit: since the thread title was changed, this first sentence is too cryptic: the original title referred to a Tool song....)

Besides being a favorite song by a favorite band, the thread title is a straightforward play on words. This summer, as a present to myself for being promoted, I...

Read more]]> 168 2026 Fields Medal Thu, 23 Jul 2026 17:01:44 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/2026-fields-medal.1085797/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085797 invalid@example.com (robphy) robphy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fields_Medal
Thu, July 23, 2026
https://www.youtube.com/@SimonsFoundation/streams

https://www.simonsfoundation.org/20...utting-edge-math-at-icm-2026-in-philadelphia/

Members of the press are invited...

Read more]]> 1 Time evolution of a detected particle Thu, 23 Jul 2026 16:23:28 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/time-evolution-of-a-detected-particle.1085804/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085804 invalid@example.com (hokhani) hokhani Suppose that we detect a quantum particle at the position ##x_0##. Then, we would like to know about its position at a next time. Does the particle stay at ##x_0## while the detector is turned on?]]> 22 Weird behavior I am trying to understand Thu, 23 Jul 2026 15:58:06 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/weird-behavior-i-am-trying-to-understand.1085821/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085821 invalid@example.com (BillTre) BillTre I have a 2024 MacBook Pro (M4 chip) running Tahoe 26.5.2.
When I copy text out of a pdf in Preview version 11 (1113.5.3)the letters copied are shifter to different letters. The letters are changed to different letters. If used in a search in the document, it finds the original word.

Here is an...

Read more]]> 4 Electrostatic scaling laws across the proteome — need expert feedback Thu, 23 Jul 2026 14:00:30 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/electrostatic-scaling-laws-across-the-proteome-need-expert-feedback.1085802/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085802 invalid@example.com (Planobilly) Planobilly I want to be upfront: I don't have academic credentials in biology or bioinformatics. My background is in physics and engineering — I hold several patents and spent my career solving applied problems. I'm 78 years old, retired, and I run a small private AI lab out of my home in Florida purely...

Read more]]> 7 Cruising Central Coast Thu, 23 Jul 2026 13:03:04 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/cruising-central-coast.1085825/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085825 invalid@example.com (Point Conception) Point Conception ]]> 0 A question about the rotation of points on a wheel Thu, 23 Jul 2026 11:33:21 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/a-question-about-the-rotation-of-points-on-a-wheel.1085322/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085322 invalid@example.com (BadgerBadger92) BadgerBadger92 I have heard on several sites that the bottom of a wheel or ball that’s rolling is not moving at all. How does this work? I can’t quite wrap my head around this one lol]]> 12 Google login on iPad Air 2 not working Wed, 22 Jul 2026 19:00:03 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/google-login-on-ipad-air-2-not-working.1085739/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085739 invalid@example.com (gentzen) gentzen Since Saturday or Sunday, I can no longer login to Physics Forums on my ipad2. When I click 'Google' on the login dialog, a subdialog with a 'Confirm' button opens. When I press ' Confirm', something quickly loads, and the subdialog stays. I can press 'Confirm' as often as I like, always the...

Read more]]> 6 New Member Wed, 22 Jul 2026 15:32:06 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/new-member.1085814/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085814 invalid@example.com (dhawanbhagavath) dhawanbhagavath Hello everybody!
I am Dhawan N Bhagavath and I am studying in Bangalore, India as a 7th grader. My primary focus is to solve Quantum Gravity and the Yang Mills Gap problem using laws and axioms of string theory and quantum field theory. I have currently written 2 papers on Baryon Asymmetry and...

Read more]]> 1 Hello from a physics enthusiast! Wed, 22 Jul 2026 14:32:46 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/hello-from-a-physics-enthusiast.1084984/ urn:xenforo:thread:1084984 invalid@example.com (Aloiz Burher) Aloiz Burher Hi everyone!

My name is Alois, and I've been fascinated by the fundamental questions of physics for a long time. I am particularly interested in quantum mechanics, the nature of photons, and the interpretation of entanglement.

I joined Physics Forums to deepen my understanding and to discuss...

Read more]]> 3 Hello everyone :) Wed, 22 Jul 2026 13:03:32 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/hello-everyone.1085811/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085811 invalid@example.com (CasioWave) CasioWave Hi, I am CasioWave. I am currently a Master's student working towards a thesis in theoretical condensed matter. I am interested in quantum matter, non-pertubative techniques, renormalization group methods, and computational physics - broadly.

I don't really know much yet, but I am trying. I...

Read more]]> 1 Thanks for the welcome, but I was kicked off immediately? Wed, 22 Jul 2026 12:11:52 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/thanks-for-the-welcome-but-i-was-kicked-off-immediately.1085806/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085806 invalid@example.com (davewalley) davewalley What is the purpose of a welcome message when I was kicked off immediately?]]> 4 Question about computing diffraction patterns Wed, 22 Jul 2026 07:48:24 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/question-about-computing-diffraction-patterns.1085778/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085778 invalid@example.com (Ax_xiom) Ax_xiom So I'm using python to compute the fourier transform of a black and white image and the images I've been getting have been different to what I expected.

Input image:
HubbleOutline.webp
Output FFT:
1784331567482.webp
What I expected:
1784331703537.webp
Image from MinutePhysics's video Why are Stars...

Read more]]> 9 "The wavefunction never collapses" Tue, 21 Jul 2026 21:13:04 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/the-wavefunction-never-collapses.1085610/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085610 invalid@example.com (sevensages) sevensages I recently read Max Tegmark's book Our Mathematical Universe. In Our Mathematical Universe, Tegmark asserts that Niels Bohr and other scientists supported the Copenhagen Interpretation that the wavefunction collapses. Tegmark asserts that Hugh Everett originated the competing thesis that the...

Read more]]> 167 A magnetostatics problem of interest 2 Tue, 21 Jul 2026 18:56:01 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/a-magnetostatics-problem-of-interest-2.971045/ urn:xenforo:thread:971045 invalid@example.com (Charles Link) Charles Link A very important problem in magnetostatics is the uniformly magnetized cylinder of finite length. Permanent cylindrical magnets can be modeled as having approximately uniform magnetization, and it is of much interest, given such a uniformly magnetized cylinder, to be able to calculate the...

Read more]]> 54 PF World Cup Chat 2026 Tue, 21 Jul 2026 18:15:07 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/pf-world-cup-chat-2026.1085457/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085457 invalid@example.com (Greg Bernhardt) Greg Bernhardt Who's watching? Who do you have in the final? I have Argentina vs France with Argentina winning.

I have]]> 40 Literature on photons and observers Tue, 21 Jul 2026 16:27:21 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/literature-on-photons-and-observers.1085805/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085805 invalid@example.com (danieltanfh95) danieltanfh95 Has anyone in the foundations literature explicitly argued that a single free photon cannot serve as an observer in the SR and QFT sense? The negative claim seems absent when I search. Malament, Halvorson-Clifton, Fleming, Rovelli all discuss localization or relational structure, but I haven't...

Read more]]> 9 How best to learn? How to get 100%? Tue, 21 Jul 2026 14:35:04 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/how-best-to-learn-how-to-get-100.1085382/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085382 invalid@example.com (IneedA) IneedA Homework Statement: I see people saying to understand concepts instead of memorizing.
Relevant Equations: Barely gonna start calculus-based physics. My question is how do i understand concepts and when do i know i have understood them fully? I would like a step by step to this with...

Read more]]> 56 The "Oxford" Comma Tue, 21 Jul 2026 14:32:06 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/the-oxford-comma.1085803/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085803 invalid@example.com (symbolipoint) symbolipoint From a comment in the Lame Jokes forum, the joke relied on the need for commas to separate items in a list. The briefly drifted topic could be at least a minor interest here in General; Art, History, and Linguistics.

One of the online sites regarding English Grammar described such a listing...

Read more]]> 6 I need some brief interdisciplinary assistance Tue, 21 Jul 2026 14:30:32 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/i-need-some-brief-interdisciplinary-assistance.1085807/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085807 invalid@example.com (StevenVossen) StevenVossen I am looking for some brief interdisciplinary assistance regarding an abstract and a mathematical proof I have developed, spanning the fields of cosmology, quantum information theory, and emergent social sciences. As a layperson, I was told that no proven abstract exists for this topic yet. I...

Read more]]> 1 Solar Activity and Space Weather Update thread Tue, 21 Jul 2026 12:02:55 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/solar-activity-and-space-weather-update-thread.923468/ urn:xenforo:thread:923468 invalid@example.com (Stavros Kiri) Stavros Kiri I am picking this up as a continuation and extension of the idea laid out e.g. in @davenn 's thread
"The Sun today - 9 July 2017 - nice spot group"
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/the-sun-today-9-july-2017-nice-spot-group.919696/

See also (for continuity purposes)...

Read more]]> 465 What is decoherence in consistent histories? Tue, 21 Jul 2026 09:45:15 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/what-is-decoherence-in-consistent-histories.1085654/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085654 invalid@example.com (nickv2423) nickv2423 Is the decoherence in consistent histories different from environmental decoherence? I’m not sure if I’m reading the interpretation wrong but it seems like decoherence in ch is purely mathematical instead of a physical interaction]]> 5 Newest Blender features (5.2) Mon, 20 Jul 2026 22:36:59 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/newest-blender-features-5-2.1085781/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085781 invalid@example.com (Janus) Janus Blender has released its latest new version (5.2), and as per usual, they have added a number of new features, two of which I'll touch on here. One is a material feature and the other a physics simulation feature. The material one is call "Thin wall", it is used when you want a...

Read more]]> 2 Seeking clarity on the physical definition of an observer Mon, 20 Jul 2026 21:45:22 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/seeking-clarity-on-the-physical-definition-of-an-observer.1085103/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085103 invalid@example.com (okabe rintarou) okabe rintarou I am an 18-year-old student waiting for my Class 12 results, and I've been doing some conceptual reading into Quantum Foundations (specifically referencing 1926 wave mechanics and 1957 Relative State formulation). I have three specific questions I'd love to ask a professional:

1) In the...

Read more]]> 43 Gold hydride - what is the significance? Mon, 20 Jul 2026 17:24:03 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/gold-hydride-what-is-the-significance.1083607/ urn:xenforo:thread:1083607 invalid@example.com (Astronuc) Astronuc I came.across a headline and read some of the article, so I was curious.

Scientists discover that gold is a 'reactive metal' by accidentally creating a new material in the lab​

...

Read more]]> 4 Technical books that have been read cover to cover Mon, 20 Jul 2026 17:10:33 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/technical-books-that-have-been-read-cover-to-cover.1085679/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085679 invalid@example.com (loop quantum gravity) loop quantum gravity I would like to know which technical books have you read cover to cover and solved the problems with or without external help from outside?

So far I only finished reading Srednicki's and Peskin's & Schroeder's.

Iv'e got a lot of stuff to read ad infinitum
:oldbiggrin:

I also completed...

Read more]]> 4 Most Hard-Driving Music? Mon, 20 Jul 2026 12:52:07 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/most-hard-driving-music.1078565/ urn:xenforo:thread:1078565 invalid@example.com (Hornbein) Hornbein What's the most hard-driving music ever recorded? Some might go for the MC5 and their Kick Out The Jams but either of these two gets my vote. I'd have to flip a coin.



]]> 130 How do you apply perturbation theory to a magnetic field Hamiltonian? Mon, 20 Jul 2026 11:16:54 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/how-do-you-apply-perturbation-theory-to-a-magnetic-field-hamiltonian.1084776/ urn:xenforo:thread:1084776 invalid@example.com (Danielk010) Danielk010 I understand that the first order results would be ##\langle \phi_n^0 | -\mu * B | \phi_n^0 \rangle## = ##\langle \phi_n^0 | -\frac{gq}{2mc}\hat{S} * B | \phi_n^0 \rangle##, the second order results would be ##\sum_{k \ne n} \frac{|\langle \phi_n^0 | -\mu * B | \phi_n^0 \rangle|^2} {E_n^{(0)} -...

Read more]]> 5 An AI translation of kinematics lecture notes Mon, 20 Jul 2026 09:06:10 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/an-ai-translation-of-kinematics-lecture-notes.1085790/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085790 invalid@example.com (wrobel) wrobel As an experiment, I asked Gemini to translate my kinematics lecture notes from Russian into English. I provided a LaTeX file and asked it to return the result in LaTeX format as well. I used the Flash model. Here is the 'as-is' result.
What do you think of the translation quality?]]> 2 Blue Eye Samurai (Netflix) Sun, 19 Jul 2026 20:39:43 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/blue-eye-samurai-netflix.1085466/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085466 invalid@example.com (sbrothy) sbrothy I hope I haven't already mentioned this one but I think it was in a personal message.

I hate to do this but you have to see this one. The story is intelligent and extremely well thought out. If nothing else then just watch S01E05. Even though it's a cartoon The Matrix doesn't even come near...

Read more]]> 20 Is Consistent Histories compatible with the PBR theorem? Sun, 19 Jul 2026 17:59:12 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/is-consistent-histories-compatible-with-the-pbr-theorem.1085792/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085792 invalid@example.com (nickv2423) nickv2423 The PBR theorem excludes epistemic interpretations that have underlying ontic states as they are not consistent with QM. Would this rule out consistent histories? The research below argues it does

https://arxiv.org/abs/1211.2084]]> 2 Problems with DNS records Sun, 19 Jul 2026 17:43:30 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/problems-with-dns-records.1085131/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085131 invalid@example.com (sbrothy) sbrothy A silly prefix for this question I know but that was as close as I could get.

Initially I didn't really think of this forum as a place for intricate IT developer or adminstrator questions but I heard through the grapewine that there's a not insignificant number of retired IT folks here...

Read more]]> 22 Enhancement Request: Community Reference should be slimmer Sun, 19 Jul 2026 16:52:30 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/enhancement-request-community-reference-should-be-slimmer.1085794/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085794 invalid@example.com (robphy) robphy In the spirit of reducing cognitive load, highlighting what is new, and encouraging activity,
I suggest that the various "Community References" at the top of various subforums be slimmed down.
They take up a lot of valuable real estate.
Within a subforum, especially on a mobile device, one has...

Read more]]> 0 DIY Forum: I can never find it Sun, 19 Jul 2026 15:26:44 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/diy-forum-i-can-never-find-it.1085793/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085793 invalid@example.com (DaveC426913) DaveC426913 I use the DIY Forum frequently, but not so frequently that I don't forget where it is every time.

You can tell me where it is but that won't help me next time.

Is there any way to pin it, like some of the other sub-sub-forums?

Give a man a direction and he'll know where to go for the...

Read more]]> 1 Forbes Daily Newsletter: 10% decline in student CompSci enrollment Sun, 19 Jul 2026 13:10:45 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/forbes-daily-newsletter-10-decline-in-student-compsci-enrollment.1085517/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085517 invalid@example.com (jedishrfu) jedishrfu From the Forbes daily newsletter June 17, 2026:

The decline in enrollment for computer science and computer programming majors at universities from 2025 to 2026. Goldman Sachs’ Pierfrancesco Mei believes this is evidence that undergraduates are changing their behavior to avoid career paths...

Read more]]> 3 Implementing Kramers–Kronig causality check on real VNA s-params Sun, 19 Jul 2026 10:20:18 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/implementing-kramers-kronig-causality-check-on-real-vna-s-params.1085752/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085752 invalid@example.com (yefj) yefj Hello , Kramers–Kronig need infinite BW but I measure s-params from 0 to 70GHZ.
how do you reccomend to deal with the missing data?
Thanks.]]> 5 Sweetspot of data compression Sun, 19 Jul 2026 04:46:49 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/sweetspot-of-data-compression.1085213/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085213 invalid@example.com (geekynerd) geekynerd each compression technique focuses on each aspects. Low storage space, faster opening speed, high quality storage cpu perfomace etc... But as a normal user i want to little bit of all of that. instead of being on one extreme what if we find a sweet spot in which every feature is not comprimised...

Read more]]> 18 Why Faucets Don't Leak Anymore Sun, 19 Jul 2026 01:55:03 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/why-faucets-dont-leak-anymore.1085777/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085777 invalid@example.com (Hornbein) Hornbein ]]> 2 Large M7.3 quake offshore of SW Mexico Sat, 18 Jul 2026 23:02:51 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/large-m7-3-quake-offshore-of-sw-mexico.1085784/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085784 invalid@example.com (davenn) davenn Large quake offshore of SW Mexico

I recorded it well on my seismo, here in Sydney, Australia (opposite side of the Pacific Ocean)

M 7.3 - 58 km WSW of Puerto Madero, Mexico​

  • 2026-07-17 14:48:39 (UTC)
  • 14.604°N 92.952°W
  • 18.6 km depth
260717 1448UT M7.3 offshr SW Mexico zhi.gif


This was a thrust (...

Read more]]> 1 Bismuth Crystals Sat, 18 Jul 2026 20:18:32 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/bismuth-crystals.1085737/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085737 invalid@example.com (Hornbein) Hornbein Very unusual looking.

]]> 17 Why can coefficient "a" between spacetime intervals depend on velocity between systems? Sat, 18 Jul 2026 20:08:15 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/why-can-coefficient-a-between-spacetime-intervals-depend-on-velocity-between-systems.1066804/ urn:xenforo:thread:1066804 invalid@example.com (Mike_bb) Mike_bb Hello!

I read Landau & Lifshitz' Classical Theory of Fields [Link to copyrighted textbook redacted by the Mentors] (see pic below) and I was confused when I saw in proof that coefficient "a" between spacetime interval (ds)2 and (ds')2 can only depend on the absolute relative...

Read more]]> 42 New member introduction -- matter wave realist Sat, 18 Jul 2026 18:13:41 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/new-member-introduction-matter-wave-realist.1085780/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085780 invalid@example.com (danieltanfh95) danieltanfh95 Hello, I work in the matter-wave-realism tradition (de Broglie, Bohm, Schrödinger's original reading), and my focus is the relationship between spacetime and the matter-wave field without introducing additional quantisation of either.]]> 4 A Toy Model of Atmospheric Geophysics Sat, 18 Jul 2026 17:09:23 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/a-toy-model-of-atmospheric-geophysics.1085740/ urn:xenforo:thread:1085740 invalid@example.com (wrobel) wrobel In this thread, I propose a very naive, homemade model of particle behavior in an atmosphere.

Assume that the Earth and its atmosphere rotate as a unified rigid body about a fixed axis with constant angular velocity ##\boldsymbol\omega##. Assume that a particle of mass ##m## moves in a plane...

Read more]]> 3 Biographies, History, Philosophy of Physics Sat, 18 Jul 2026 12:56:51 +0000 https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/biographies-history-philosophy-of-physics.1060020/ urn:xenforo:thread:1060020 invalid@example.com (sbrothy) sbrothy arXiv: physics.hist-ph. History, philosophy:

Berta Karlik -- The Grande Dame of the Vienna Radium Institute

Berta Karlik was an Austrian physicist who was not only among the early radioactivity researchers and nuclear physicists in Vienna, but also pioneered a woman's academic...

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