PIPING GUIDE

Design Consideration for Tank Farm

2010-03-07T05:11:00.001-08:00

Tank Foundations Foundations made by others shall be checked for uniform slope and levels for our acceptance. Reference of North and East markings or 00 orientation marking on the foundation has to be furnished by the client. Sump pit on the foundation must be given prior to the commence-ment of the Bottom laying. Base Plate Laying The annular plates will be laid first and then the sketch plates and full plates will be laid with sequences mentioned in the drawing; minimum lap for...

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Traced and Jacketed Piping

2010-02-28T12:26:00.001-08:00

1.1 Traced Lines The temperature of the process liquids being transferred through pipelines often must be maintained to meet the requirements of a process, to prevent thickening and solidification, or simply as an anti-frost measure. This is achieved by the use of jacketed pipes; or by attaching to the product line one or more separate tracer lines carrying a heating medium such as steam or hot water. The steam usage may be relatively small but the tracing system is often a major part of the...

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Towers and Columns

2010-01-31T07:52:00.001-08:00

Introduction Towers also referred to, as columns are one of the principal pieces of equipment of any processing facility. Towers are cylindrical steel vessels that are used for distilling raw materials in the production of such products as gasoline, diesel, and heating oil. The plant layout designer must understand the internal structure of a tower and how it operates to produce a satisfactory design. This chapter highlights the general requirements for the tower plant layout design. It...

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Gas Turbines

2010-01-26T03:55:00.001-08:00

Introduction The gas turbine obtains its power by utilizing the energy of a jet of burnt gases and air, the velocity of the jet being absorbed as it flows over several rings of moving blades which are fixed to a common shaft. It thus resembles a steam turbine and its blades are designed in the same manner. The gas turbine requires an air compressor, which is usually driven off its own shafting; this absorbs a considerable proportion of the power produced and thus lowers the overall efficiency....

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Piping for Steam Distribution

2010-01-26T01:59:00.001-08:00

Introduction Steam is widely used in most of the process industry as process heating media and in all power generation plants. Handling of steam is becoming very important. To study and understand the property of stem, condensate and it’s effect on the material of construction is again important while designing the piping system for steam distribution. Steam Distribution Typical Steam Distribution System A typical steam distribution system consists of 1) Boiler...

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Cooling Water System - 2

2010-01-14T07:14:00.001-08:00

Radiators In a radiator the heat is rejected to the air which passes through it. In automotive engines the air is sucked through by a fan, assisted by the movement of the car. From the previous discussion of heat transfer between water and another liquid divided by a metal wall it is clear that the performance of a radiator depends upon the velocities of air and water. The increase of air velocity, in the first place, increases the quantity of air passing the radiator fins and, in the second...

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Cooling Water System - 1

2010-01-14T06:31:00.001-08:00

Learning Objectives Most of the all process industry requires the cooling tower for certain application depends upon industry and uses size of cooling tower may varry. For bigger and huge capacity cooling tower high capital investment and high operation of cost involve. To select proper cooling tower and execution and maintenance understand the cooling tower and its piping is very important in this chapter we will study consideration of piping routing and layout of cooling...

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Compressors and the Compressed Air System

2009-12-25T08:58:00.001-08:00

Introduction Compressed Air Usage Compressed air is a major prime mover in many industries. People say air is free but compressed air is not free and is even costly. The compressed air provided for use in plants is designated ‘Instrument air’, ‘Plant air’ or ‘Process air’. Instrument air is cleaned and dried compressed air, used to prevent corrosion in some instruments. Plant air is compressed air but is usually neither cleaned nor dried, although most of the condensate and oil, are removed...

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Pneumatic Conveying Terms CEMA Standard No. 805

2009-12-17T10:01:00.001-08:00

MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION Loose Bulk Density The loose bilk density (sometimes called the poured bilk density) of a bulk material is the weight per unit of volume (usually pounds per cubic foot) that has been measured when the sample is in a loose, non – compacted or poured condition. The loose bulk density may be close to the “as conveyed” bulk density and is preferred for the purposes of pneumatic conveying system design. Packed Bulk Density The packed bulk density of a bulk material is...

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Slurry Piping Systems

2009-12-13T10:21:00.001-08:00

Slurry piping system, like nay other system, consists of slurry pumps, pipelines and valves. Special considerations relevant to this systems are introduced by the fact that slurry in not homogeneous phase (unlike gas or liquid). Slurry can be described as liquid with solids suspended therein. Typical industrial instances of slurry handling are as follows: Coal practices suspended in water ( in coal washeries), crystals suspended in solvent in crystallization ( wax ma nufacturing process) feed...

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CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS – 2

2009-11-29T09:36:00.001-08:00

Continued from CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS – 1 HOW TO CALCULATE NPSH AVAILABLE: The following parameters shall be considered when calculating NPSH. a. Vapour pressure b. Static head c. Friction . d. Strainer drop e. Suction pressure The empirical formula to calculate NPSH is 1. Assume some line configuration to get total equivalent lengths and convert that in to friction drop. LS1 –LS2 LEVEL HIGH ALARM LS3-LS4 LEVEL LOW ALARM...

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CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS - 1

2009-11-26T10:51:00.001-08:00

Pump is an important rotating equipment which you will come across all type of industry. Pump section, performance. Installation of pump to get desired performance and connection of pump piping is very important for piping engineers. We can understand classification , working and standard engineers practice of pump from this article. Terms to Remember : Pump type, Head, Head loss , NPSH. Sizing of centrifugal pump: The centrifugal is like the ‘WORK HORSE’ in a process industry. The...

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Design of Cross – Country Pipe Line - 1

2009-11-16T10:11:00.000-08:00

Introduction: In the modern age of Industrial word, the Oil refineries, petroleum products, and petrochemicals form the major part of the industrial set-up all over the world. It is often economical and practical to carry the liquid and Gaseous products through pipe-lines rather than by Tankers over ling distance. When a pipe-line has to carry such products like crude oil, refined oil, chemicals like naphtha, ethylene, propylene etc. over long distance ranging from 10 km to even 1000 km,....

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Design of Cross – Country Pipe Line - 2

2009-11-16T10:08:00.001-08:00

Continued from Design of Cross – Country Pipe Line - 1 Additional Features about Piping Pipe Thickness : The thickness is calculated in accordance with the standard methods and codes for different services and duty, including due corrosion allowance. Anchor blocks at change of direction, made of concrete should be used to counteract the effects of outward thrust due to change in direction of fluid velocity. If more than one pipe lines are running in parallel, minimum, clearance between the...

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Guidelines for Plot Plan / Layout Engineering

2009-11-05T08:30:00.001-08:00

Introduction: For preparation of PLOI PLAN of any plant, the concerned engineer has to proceed in a logical and sequential manner, before actually putting the unit-blocks on the drawing sheet. This note gives a guideline for the steps involved in preparation of a plot plan. STEP 2 From step 1, we know that the total area which will be occupied by the present and future facilities is ‘A’ sq.m. To this we have to add the area required for General Facilities like Roads, Drains, Underground...

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