What is CCUS?

Carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) is a collection of technologies to mitigate the emission of excessive amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) from large power sources like power plants and industries which contribute 50% of all GHG emission globally, by storing or reusing it so that captured CO2 doesn’t enter the atmosphere.

About the misson:

This program aims at reduction of carbon emission to achieve the target Net zero by utilizing CCUS technology from various power sectors and industries by the year 2070. Department of science and technology (DST) aims to nurture the area of CCUS, the research and development work needed and the human resource, finance involved for the high capital cost, safety, logistics and high auxiliary power consumption. CCUS aims at limiting the carbon emission and stabilizing the atmospheric CO2 concentration with in 450 to 750 ppmv ( parts per million by volume) and thereby reducing the global temperature rise within 1.5^o C – 2^o C.

• Discussed in the sidelines of 32nd Annual General Meeting of the American Chamber of Commerce and Industries ((AMCHAM),, New Delhi on 8th August, 2024
• Departments involved: Union Ministry of Power, NITI Aayog and the office of principal scientific officer to the PMO
• Launched a call on IC3 CCUS in July 2018 by DBT and DST jointly to discuss about the key technologies involved in carbon, capture, utilization and storage with the MI countries.

Region wise CO2 storage potential from 2030 to 2050 in India:

• Western Region – 388 Gt (Gigatons of CO2)
• Eastern Region – 80.58 Gt CO2
• Southern Region – 76.3 Gt CO2
• North eastern region – 42.2 Gt CO2
• Northern Region – 7.65 Gt CO2

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The total installed generation capacity of India is 417.4GW as on date 31.05.23. In the current year 2023-24 the target electricity generation is 1750 Billion Unit, which is 7.2% more than precious year (2022-23) electricity generation (i.e. 1624.158 BU). And in the year of 2022-23 there was a growth of around 8.87% from the year 2021-22 electricity generation which was 1491.859 BU.   

Private sector contributes about 50% of total generation capacity i.e. 211.8MW. State wise electricity production is 25.3% i.e. 105.7MW and Central contributes 24% i.e. 100.1MW.Hence the total installed capacity of India is 417.4MW according to the data of Central Electricity Authority (CEA).

In India power is generated from both conventional and non-conventional source of energy however the major contribution in electricity production is conventional source of energy which is achieved mostly from thermal power plant i.e. 56.8% of total power generation in India. After the Paris Agreement’s projected nationally determined contribution target in 2016, India targets achieving 50% of the total electricity consumption from non-fossil fuel. India has planned to increase the installed generation capacity from renewable energy to 500GW till 2030.Further fuel wise classification can be done as follows:

The Electricity generation of 2023-24 is planned to fix at 1750 BU, which includes:

• Thermal – 1124.11 BU
• Large Hydro – 46.19 BU
• RES (excl. large hydro) – 215 BU
• Import from Bhutan – 8 BU (power procurement with India started 1st January,2022)

The aggregate technical and commercial (AT&C) losses have come down to 13.5% in FY23 which was at a high of 25.7% in FY15 with the steps taken by the govt. to improve the performance of utilities.

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1. Renewable Energy Surge: India has been making remarkable strides in renewable energy. The country is consistently expanding its renewable energy capacity, particularly in solar and wind power. The government has set ambitious targets, such as achieving 450 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030. The implementation of various schemes and policies, such as the Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) and wind energy auctions, has attracted both domestic and international investments in renewable energy projects.
2. Energy Transition: The Indian power sector is undergoing a transformative shift towards cleaner and more sustainable sources of energy. Coal, which has traditionally been the dominant source, is gradually being supplemented by renewables. This transition is driven by concerns over climate change, air pollution, and the decreasing cost competitiveness of fossil fuels compared to renewable energy sources.
3. Policy Initiatives: The Indian government has introduced several policy initiatives to support the growth of the power sector. These include the National Electricity Policy, Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY), and the Electricity Act 2003. These policies aim to address issues such as energy access, power distribution efficiency, and regulatory reforms, creating a conducive environment for investment and growth.
4. Energy Efficiency Measures: India is actively focusing on energy efficiency initiatives to optimize power consumption and reduce carbon emissions. The government has launched programs such as the Perform, Achieve, and Trade (PAT) scheme, which incentivizes industries to adopt energy-efficient practices. LED lighting adoption, smart grid implementation, and building energy efficiency codes are other notable measures being implemented to promote energy conservation.
5. Electric Mobility: The Indian power sector is closely linked to the growth of electric mobility. The government has set an ambitious target to transition to electric vehicles (EVs) and has implemented initiatives such as the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (FAME) scheme. The development of EV charging infrastructure and supportive policies are driving the adoption of electric vehicles in the country.
6. Grid Modernization: The Indian power grid is undergoing modernization to enhance efficiency, reliability, and renewable energy integration. Initiatives such as the Green Energy Corridor project and the development of smart grids are aimed at improving grid stability, reducing transmission losses, and enabling better integration of renewable energy sources.
7. Cross-Border Energy Trade: India is actively exploring opportunities for cross-border energy trade to ensure a reliable and diversified energy supply. Projects such as the International Solar Alliance (ISA) and the Central Asian Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) are focused on regional energy cooperation and the facilitation of energy exchange among neighboring countries.

These recent developments highlight the dynamic nature of the Indian power sector and its commitment to sustainable growth. Staying informed about these advancements is crucial for individuals and businesses interested in capitalizing on emerging opportunities and contributing to India’s energy transition.

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