https://www.cfr.org en-us Sat, 13 Jun 2026 15:09:58 GMT https://www.cfr.org/reports/the-pharma-choke-point https://www.cfr.org/reports/the-pharma-choke-point Executive Summary U.S. dependence on China for essential medicines is structural—deeper, broader, and more consequential than conventional market analyses suggest. That dependence began with generic medicines and their ingredients but is now growing in biologics manufacturing, first-in-human trials, and synthetic DNA. That dependence is not simply the result of market conditions but rather decades of […] Wed, 03 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/russian-annexation-of-belarus https://www.cfr.org/reports/russian-annexation-of-belarus Introduction Since the breakup of the Soviet Union, Russia has made a concerted effort to keep Belarus in its sphere of influence. Belarus’s political, economic, and military autonomy has ebbed and flowed over time, depending on geopolitical circumstances, Russia’s needs, and Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko’s political adroitness. Nevertheless, the present moment poses unique challenges for […] Tue, 02 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/financing-the-missing-middle https://www.cfr.org/reports/financing-the-missing-middle A gap in private funding for companies and projects inhibits energy innovation in the United States. This “missing middle” slows or blocks technologies that could help the energy system become more secure, affordable, reliable, and sustainable from advancing through the demonstration and scale-up stages. Recent events have made the missing middle wider. Tue, 21 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/leadership-transition-in-iran https://www.cfr.org/reports/leadership-transition-in-iran Suzanne Maloney, vice president and director of the Brookings Institution’s Foreign Policy Program, recommends that the United States reconsider its assumptions around eventual leadership change in Tehran, revive regime accountability efforts, prepare for opportunistic escalation by proxy groups, and ready itself for renewed nuclear diplomacy. Tue, 24 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/preventing-renewed-conflict-in-colombia https://www.cfr.org/reports/preventing-renewed-conflict-in-colombia CFR International Affairs Fellow in National Security Roxanna Vigil argues that the United States should engage early with Colombia’s next administration to signal support for full implementation of the 2016 Peace Accords and provide targeted assistance. Wed, 18 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/leapfrogging-chinas-critical-minerals-dominance https://www.cfr.org/reports/leapfrogging-chinas-critical-minerals-dominance The United States cannot out-mine and out-process China. Instead, it should leapfrog China’s dominance by scaling disruptive innovation, recovery, and recycling. Wed, 04 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/america-revived https://www.cfr.org/reports/america-revived CFR Senior Fellow Robert D. Blackwill outlines the conceptual pillars of five grand strategy schools and analyzes arguments for and against those strategies advanced by their proponents and critics. He then proposes an alternative American grand strategy: resolute global leadership. Tue, 20 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/conflicts-watch-2026 https://www.cfr.org/reports/conflicts-watch-2026 The world continues to grow more violent and disorderly. According to CFR’s annual conflict risk assessment, American foreign policy experts are acutely concerned about conflict-related threats to U.S. national security and international stability that are likely to emerge or intensify in 2026. In this report, surveyed experts rate global conflicts by their likelihood and potential harm to U.S. interests and, for the first time, identify opportunities for preventive action. Thu, 18 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/compete-dont-retreat https://www.cfr.org/reports/compete-dont-retreat The primary U.S. response to China’s first-mover advantages in emerging auto technologies has been protection. A smarter strategy would seek to compete by supporting producers and collaborating with allies, while managing security risks. Tue, 09 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/next-taiwan-crisis-wont-be-last https://www.cfr.org/reports/next-taiwan-crisis-wont-be-last Assumptions about how a potential conflict between the United States and China over Taiwan would unfold should urgently be revisited. Such a war, far from being insulated, would likely draw in additional powers, expand geographically, and escalate vertically. Fri, 05 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/global-energy-innovation-index https://www.cfr.org/reports/global-energy-innovation-index To meet growing energy demands while averting climate change, the world must accelerate innovation. European nations are the leading contributors to global energy innovation, with Canada the only non-European country in the index’s top ten. The United States ranks thirteenth. Wed, 12 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/policy-brief-value-and-achievements-us-women-peace-and-security-act-2017 https://www.cfr.org/reports/policy-brief-value-and-achievements-us-women-peace-and-security-act-2017 Since 2000, 115 governments have made formal commitments to increase women’s participation in mitigating and resolving conflict and reducing violence against women and girls. The U.S. government was the first to pass a law to codify its obligations in 2017. Support for the WPS Act has recently been called into question, despite a record of substantial achievement since its passage. Continued implementation of the law aligns with the current administration’s goals of ending wars and reducing violence, and U.S. leadership can galvanize increased international action on this front. Mon, 10 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/climate-adaptation-crisis-global-health https://www.cfr.org/reports/climate-adaptation-crisis-global-health For the United States to address the global health risks posed by accelerating climate change, it will need to reframe climate adaptation as a pragmatic policy that can bridge partisan divides and earn the support of everyday Americans.  Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/optimal-deterrence https://www.cfr.org/reports/optimal-deterrence The United States faces growing dangers of nuclear escalation, a new arms race, and proliferation. This report recommends an improved strategy for “optimal deterrence” and a path to rebuilding relationships with allies without allowing them to dictate U.S. force requirements. Tue, 17 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/american-views-economic-leadership https://www.cfr.org/reports/american-views-economic-leadership CFR’s RealEcon team traveled across the country to ask Americans what they think of trade, aid, and other international economic policies. Tue, 11 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/rebuilding-ukraine https://www.cfr.org/reports/rebuilding-ukraine To rebuild Ukraine’s economy successfully, argue the authors, policymakers should help facilitate the return of Ukrainian workers and private investment by developing a long-term recovery strategy. Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/ukraine-nato-and-war-termination https://www.cfr.org/reports/ukraine-nato-and-war-termination The United States has an unquestionable interest in ending the Russia-Ukraine war. Equally imperative, argue Carnegie Endowment for International Peace’s Eric Ciaramella and Eric Green, is safeguarding Ukraine’s postwar sovereignty and security while signaling to Russia and other adversaries that attempting to change borders through force will incur a heavy cost. Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/tariffs-trading-partners-can-president-actually-do https://www.cfr.org/reports/tariffs-trading-partners-can-president-actually-do President Donald Trump has promised to enact sweeping tariffs on U.S. trading partners. At a September campaign event in Pennsylvania he stated, “I don’t need Congress” to impose tariffs, “I have the right to impose them myself.” To date, Trump has said he would impose a wide range of tariffs, including a 10–20 percent universal […] Mon, 03 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/defending-ukraine-absence-nato-security-guarantees https://www.cfr.org/reports/defending-ukraine-absence-nato-security-guarantees This report is part of the Council Special Initiative on Securing Ukraine’s Future. Executive Summary Ending the Russia-Ukraine war will be difficult and likely require a broader range of incentives (positive and negative) than the world has yet presented to bring both parties to the negotiating table. Even in the event that a cease-fire or armistice […] Mon, 27 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/conflicts-watch-2025 https://www.cfr.org/reports/conflicts-watch-2025 Executive Summary The 2025 Preventive Priorities Survey The second Donald Trump administration assumes office at a moment of great peril for the United States. The level of armed conflict around the world has steadily grown in recent years, which in turn has increased the risk of costly U.S. military intervention. This is particularly the case […] Thu, 02 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/no-limits-china-russia-relationship-and-us-foreign-policy https://www.cfr.org/reports/no-limits-china-russia-relationship-and-us-foreign-policy Introduction The growing quasi-alliance between China and Russia poses the greatest threat to vital U.S. national interests in sixty years. As this Council Special Report demonstrates, their joint efforts to undermine U.S. policies and international order have made marked progress in the past decade and will continue for the foreseeable future. Although the United States […] Thu, 12 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/foreign-influence-and-democratic-governance https://www.cfr.org/reports/foreign-influence-and-democratic-governance Introduction Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election heightened concern over efforts by authoritarian governments to both redirect foreign policy and undermine confidence in democratic institutions. In this year of elections in liberal democracies, concerns over foreign influence have only grown, amplified by the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine, China’s assertive foreign policy, and […] Tue, 15 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/ukraine-conflict-secure-europe https://www.cfr.org/reports/ukraine-conflict-secure-europe Introduction Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 put an end to European security as a cooperative project. That project was grounded in the so-called Helsinki Decalogue, a declaration within the 1975 Helsinki Final Act that laid out agreed principles of conduct between the West and the Soviet bloc. In the years and decades […] Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT Report https://www.cfr.org/reports/council-councils-thirteenth-annual-conference https://www.cfr.org/reports/council-councils-thirteenth-annual-conference From May 19 to 21, 2024, the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) hosted the thirteenth annual conference of the Council of Councils (CoC) in Washington. The conference was made possible by the generous support of the René Kern Family Foundation. The views described in this report are those of workshop participants only and are not […] Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT Report