R4D Gender Equality

Gender, climate change and REDD+ in the Congo Basin forests of Central Africa

Tue, 22 May 2012 07:40 GMT

Document Type: Journal Article

Production Year: 2011

Citation: Peach Brown, H.C. Gender, climate change and REDD+ in the Congo Basin forests of Central Africa. International Forestry Review (2011) 13 (2) 163-176. [DOI: 10.1505/146554811797406651]

Summary: The Congo Basin region of Central Africa contains the second largest contiguous tropical rainforest in the world, which is an important source of livelihood for millions of people. It is also important for climate change adaptation, as well as mitigation policies on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). Men and women relate to and use the forest differently and so may experience the effects of climate change and REDD+ policies differently. Investigations through semi-structured interviews and document reviews in three countries of the region revealed that women have had limited participation in discussions on issues of climate change or REDD+. There is some evidence that gender consideration will become part of future national REDD+ strategies. Strategies to foster the effective participation of all stakeholders are essential to ensure that gender dimensions are addressed in issues of climate change, forest access, forest management and distribution of carbon benefits.

STRIVE Learning Labs 7. Adolescent Gender Norms.

Fri, 11 May 2012 03:38 GMT

Document Type: PowerPoint Presentation
Creator: Bhatla, N.

Production Year: 2012

Citation: Bhatla, N. STRIVE Learning Labs 7. Adolescent Gender Norms. (2012) [51 min 55 sec]

Summary: The International Center for Research on Women transforms gender norms through a school-based curriculum (GEMS) in India, and trains cricket coaches to address gender-based violence with the boys they mentor (Parivartan). Presented by Nandita Bhatla, Senior Gender and Development Specialist, ICRW, New Delhi, on 17 April 2012.

Using a gender lens to explore farmers' adaptation options in the face of climate change: results of a pilot study in Ghana. CCAFS Working Paper No. 17.

Wed, 09 May 2012 07:27 GMT

Document Type: Working Paper
Creator: Naab, J.B.; Koranteng, H.

Production Year: 2012

Citation: Naab, J.B.; Koranteng, H. Using a gender lens to explore farmers' adaptation options in the face of climate change: results of a pilot study in Ghana. CCAFS Working Paper No. 17. CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Nairobi, Kenya (2012) 34 pp.

Summary: The Upper West Region of Ghana and especially the Lawra-Jirapa districts are highly vulnerable to climate variability and likely to be amongst the worst hit under climate change. Any responses to climate change affected communities cannot be considered complete unless women-specific responses are interwoven in a variety of adaptation options considered in the target area. The overall objective of this short-term research was to test tools and methodologies developed by CCAFS and FAO on analysis of gender issues in climate change, agriculture and food security. The study took place from the 1–4 November 2011, in the village of Doggoh in the Jirapa district of the Upper West Region of Ghana.

Rethinking gender in agriculture innovation from an innovation system's perspective

Wed, 25 Apr 2012 01:24 GMT

Document Type: Briefing
Creator: Kingiri, A.; Wakhhungu, J.; Hall, A.

Production Year: 2011

Citation: Kingiri, A.; Wakhhungu, J.; Hall, A. Rethinking gender in agriculture innovation from an innovation system's perspective. African Centre for Technology Studies, Nairobi, Kenya (2011) 8 pp.

Summary: Very few scholarly materials have considered gender debates from an innovation systems perspective or even considered the impact of innovation on gender. The purpose of this brief is to reflect on the opportunities that a systems understanding of innovation provides for addressing gender issues and what this means for policy and practice in agricultural development. The brief looks at how men and women, as well as socially-excluded groups of agricultural innovators, are represented in innovation. It also considers why gender issues are important in innovation debates. It is based on the understanding that women and men have different potentials and capabilities to influence economic change. The discussion advanced takes cognizance of the diversity of innovation in terms of actors and their roles, as well as the context in which it takes place, including the political and policy environment. It also recognizes the complexity of the task of trying to analyze the gender-innovation interface, considering the underlying debates that relate to both.

This policy brief is based on RIU discussion paper 6.

Tuberculosis and gender: exploring the patterns in a case control study in Malawi

Tue, 17 Apr 2012 08:06 GMT

Document Type: Journal Article
Creator: Crampin A.C.; Glynn J.R.; Floyd S.; Malema S.S.; Mwinuka V.K.; Ngwira B.M.M.; Mwaungulu F.D.; Warndorff D.K.; Fine P.E.M.

Production Year: 2004

Citation: Crampin A.C.; Glynn J.R.; Floyd S.; Malema S.S.; Mwinuka V.K.; Ngwira B.M.M.; Mwaungulu F.D.; Warndorff D.K.; Fine P.E.M. Tuberculosis and gender: exploring the patterns in a case control study in Malawi. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (2004) 8 (2) 194-203.

Summary: BACKGROUND: In many populations there is an excess of tuberculosis in young women and older men. We explored possible explanations for these patterns, concentrating on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, pregnancy, smoking, cooking smoke exposure, contact with tuberculosis cases within the household or outside, and gender differences in health service usage and diagnostic delay.

DESIGN: Case control study in Karonga District, Malawi.

METHODS: Cases were new tuberculosis patients with bacteriological or histological evidence of tuberculosis. Controls were selected in the community using field-based random sampling.

RESULTS: The study included 598 tuberculosis cases and 992 controls, with an excess of tuberculosis in young females and older males. This was more marked in HIV-positive individuals. HIV infection was a similarly strong risk factor for tuberculosis in both men and women. Tuberculosis was associated with having a family or household contact with tuberculosis for both men and women. For women, but not men, contacts outside the close family and household were also a risk factor for tuberculosis. Tuberculosis was not associated with current or recent pregnancy, or with smoking or smoke exposure. There were no differences between men and women in health service usage or delay.

CONCLUSIONS: In this population, HIV infection and contacts with known tuberculosis patients are important determinants of the gender distribution of cases.

Protifolon Issue 2. Digital Bangladesh and Gender Equality

Wed, 04 Apr 2012 07:20 GMT

Document Type: Briefing

Production Year: 2009

Citation: Anon. Protifolon Issue 2. Digital Bangladesh and Gender Equality. D.Net, Dhaka, Bangladesh (2009) 4 pp.

Summary: This second issue examines plans and programmes for building a Digital Bangladesh from a gender perspective and in the context of citizenship, education, business and government. It summarises major recommendations for policy makers, ICT for Development activists and women rights activists.

insights 82. Innovative approaches to gender and food security.

Wed, 04 Apr 2012 04:54 GMT

Document Type: Briefing
Creator: Susanne Turrall (Editor)

Production Year: 2012

Citation: Susanne Turrall (Editor). insights 82. Innovative approaches to gender and food security. Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK (2012) 8 pp.

Summary:

This issue of insights is the result of a collaborative process involving experts working in policy, research and practice on gender and food security in four global regions. At the centre of the process was a dynamic online discussion, which raised many issues and questions around the gender power dynamics of food production, consumption and governance. Particularly interesting, was the extent to which participants identified transformative development pathways that promote food security and poverty reduction while also enabling shifts in gender power relations. Focusing on six projects in South Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Middle East, the articles in this issue illustrate some of these pathways:

Transforming gender relations in homestead food production in Bangladesh (Emily Hillenbrand)
Challenging cultural values that affect food security in India (Suniti Neogy)
Equal access for women to seeds and food security in Syria (Alessandra Galié)
Engaging the whole family in food security planning in Zambia (Cathy Rozel Farnworth)
Women's groups versus households. Approaches to achieve food security and gender equality (Agnes Quisumbing and Neha Kumar)
Food sovereignty and women’s rights in Latin America (Pamela Caro)

Vicious or virtuous cycles? A gender equity perspective on tuberculosis and HIV in the context of globalisation.

Tue, 03 Apr 2012 07:15 GMT

Document Type: Book Chapter
Creator: Theobald, S.; Tolhurst, R.

Production Year: 2007

Citation: Theobald, S.; Tolhurst, R. Vicious or virtuous cycles? A gender equity perspective on tuberculosis and HIV in the context of globalisation. In: Boran, A.; Cox, P. (eds). Implications of Globalisation. Chester Academic Press, Chester, UK (2007) ISBN 978-1-905929-30-6

Gender, equity: new approaches for effective management of communicable diseases

Tue, 03 Apr 2012 07:03 GMT

Document Type: Journal Article
Creator: Theobald, S.; Tolhurst, R.; Squire, S.B.

Production Year: 2006

Citation: Theobald, S.; Tolhurst, R.; Squire, S.B. Gender, equity: new approaches for effective management of communicable diseases. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (2006) 100 (4) 299-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.05.023]

Summary: This editorial article examines what is meant by sex, gender and equity and argues that these are critical concepts to address in the effective management of communicable disease. Drawing on examples from the three major diseases of poverty (HIV, tuberculosis [TB] and malaria), the article explores how, for women and men, gender and poverty can lead to differences in vulnerability to illness; access to quality preventive and curative measures; and experience of the impact of ill health. This exploration sets the context for the three companion papers which outline how gender and poverty shape responses to the three key diseases of poverty in different geographical settings: HIV/AIDS in Kenya; TB in India; and malaria in Ghana.

Using gender analysis to build voluntary counselling and testing responses in Kenya

Tue, 03 Apr 2012 06:47 GMT

Document Type: Journal Article
Creator: Taegtmeyer, M.; Kilonzo, N.; Mung'ala, L.; Morgan, G.; Theobald, S.

Production Year: 2006

Citation: Taegtmeyer, M.; Kilonzo, N.; Mung'ala, L.; Morgan, G.; Theobald, S. Using gender analysis to build voluntary counselling and testing responses in Kenya. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (2006) 100 (4) 305-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.06.001]

Summary: The rapid expansion of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV in sub-Saharan Africa has led to concerns over the quality and equity of the services. Kenya has seen an unprecedented scale-up of VCT, and valuable lessons have been learnt at national as well as at district and community levels. We combined quantitative and qualitative research methodology and showed how the results of gender analysis can be used to develop equity in VCT scale-up. A gender-disaggregated analysis of VCT client data was conducted for the first 8 months of 2003. These quantitative data revealed that despite an increased vulnerability to HIV, women are underrepresented in VCT sites in all settings in Kenya. Our data also showed that women were also less likely to use condoms or to take home condoms after a VCT visit than their male counterparts. Further exploration through in-depth qualitative work with women and men allowed a better understanding of the reasons behind gender differences in Kenyan VCT sites and helped to develop strategies to address gender inequity. We conclude that there is an ongoing need to mainstream gender in monitoring and evaluation strategies to ensure services meet the needs and priorities of all groups.