Rajeev Blogs

BRICS Summit 2026: Dates, Agenda and Key Outcomes

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Mon, 14 Sep 2026 14:28:35 +0000

Overview

The 18th BRICS Leaders’ Summit was held in New Delhi, India, from 12 to 13 September 2026. Hosted at Bharat Mandapam, the summit was chaired by India under the theme “Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability.”

The meeting marked the 20th anniversary of BRICS and brought together leaders of the expanded 11-member grouping, along with partner countries and outreach invitees. Discussions focused on global governance, trade, terrorism, regional conflicts, artificial intelligence, development finance, climate resilience and cooperation among countries of the Global South.

Dates and official programme

India’s Ministry of External Affairs issued the following schedule for the leaders’ summit:

Date	Main programme
Saturday, 12 September 2026	Arrival of BRICS leaders; closed session on “Inclusive Global Governance and Strengthening Multilateralism”; Bharat Innovates exhibition; leaders’ family photograph; joint tree plantation; official gala dinner
Sunday, 13 September 2026	Arrival of BRICS partner-country and outreach leaders; family photograph; open session on “Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability: Shaping the Future for Inclusive Global Growth”

The wider BRICS programme included ministerial, business, parliamentary and expert-level meetings held in advance of the leaders’ meeting. India stated that more than 400 BRICS-related meetings and engagements had taken place across 30 Indian cities during its chairship.

Central diplomatic outcome

The summit adopted the New Delhi Declaration, a joint statement agreed by consensus. Reaching agreement was itself diplomatically significant because BRICS members had faced differences over language concerning conflicts in West Asia, particularly involving Iran and the United Arab Emirates.

The declaration reaffirmed the BRICS principles of:

Sovereign equality.
Mutual respect and understanding.
Solidarity and consensus.
Opposition to unilateralism.
Greater representation for emerging markets and developing countries.
Reform of international institutions.
A stronger role for the United Nations in global affairs.

BRICS leaders called for a more representative and accountable international system and repeated their support for reform of the UN Security Council and the Bretton Woods institutions. China and Russia also reiterated support for Brazil and India to play a greater role in the United Nations, including the Security Council.

Major issues discussed

1. Global governance and the Global South

A central theme was the demand for greater representation of emerging markets and developing countries in international decision-making. The declaration argued that the existing global system does not adequately reflect current economic and political realities.

BRICS members supported reforms to the UN, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the World Trade Organization. They called for greater voting power and leadership representation for developing countries, particularly those in Africa, Asia and Latin America.

The declaration also presented BRICS as a platform for amplifying the concerns of the Global South, including on development, poverty, inequality, climate change, trade and technology.

2. Trade, tariffs and sanctions

The declaration criticised unilateral tariffs, non-tariff barriers and other restrictive trade measures that BRICS members said were inconsistent with World Trade Organization principles.

Members condemned unilateral coercive measures and sanctions that are not authorised by the UN Security Council. The statement argued that such measures can affect food security, healthcare, development and the wider global economy.

However, the summit did not announce a retaliatory trade bloc or a new common tariff system. Its approach was to support a rules-based multilateral trading system centred on the WTO.

3. No common BRICS currency

Despite continuing speculation about a unified BRICS currency, the summit did not create one.

Instead, members supported further work on:

Trade settlements in national currencies.
Faster and cheaper cross-border payments.
Greater interoperability between payment systems.
Local-currency financing by the New Development Bank.
Technical cooperation through the BRICS Payment Task Force.

The declaration recognised that members have different financial systems and national priorities. It therefore favoured a gradual, consensus-based approach rather than an immediate common currency.

4. West Asia and the Middle East

The declaration expressed deep concern over the escalation of tensions in West Asia and called for maximum restraint, dialogue and diplomacy.

It avoided directly assigning responsibility to individual countries, reflecting the divisions within the expanded BRICS membership. At the same time, it raised concerns about attacks on civilian infrastructure and safeguarded nuclear facilities, and stressed the importance of protecting energy supplies, trade routes and global supply chains.

On Gaza and the Palestinian issue, BRICS leaders:

Called for the continuation of the ceasefire.
Demanded unhindered humanitarian access.
Opposed the forced displacement of Palestinians.
Condemned attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure.
Reaffirmed support for UNRWA.
Supported a two-state solution based on the 1967 borders, with East Jerusalem as the capital of Palestine.

The declaration also addressed Lebanon and Syria, calling for respect for Lebanon’s sovereignty and support for an inclusive, Syrian-led political process.

5. Terrorism and the Pahalgam attack

One of India’s most important diplomatic objectives was the inclusion of strong language on terrorism.

The New Delhi Declaration condemned terrorism “in all its forms and manifestations” and specifically condemned the 22 April 2025 terrorist attack in Jammu and Kashmir’s Pahalgam, in which 26 people were killed and many others injured.

It also referred to:

Cross-border movement of terrorists.
Terrorist financing.
Safe havens.
Extremism and radicalisation.
The need to prevent double standards in counter-terrorism.

The declaration stated that terrorism should not be associated with any religion, nationality, civilisation or ethnic group. It called for closer cooperation through the BRICS Counter-Terrorism Working Group.

6. Artificial intelligence and technology

BRICS members treated artificial intelligence as both an economic opportunity and a governance challenge.

The declaration supported wider access to AI resources, particularly for developing countries, while highlighting the need for AI to be:

Safe and secure.
Inclusive and reliable.
Energy-efficient.
Trustworthy.
Accessible to the Global South.

The leaders also welcomed India’s role in hosting the AI Impact Summit in February 2026 and supported implementation of the BRICS Leaders’ Statement on the Global Governance of Artificial Intelligence.

7. India-led initiatives

India used its chairship to promote several initiatives in digital technology, health, industry and development.

The summit welcomed or supported:

A proposed BRICS repository for digital public infrastructure.
Pilot projects using digital public infrastructure across member countries.
A BRICS Training Hub Network.
Centres of Excellence on mental well-being, coordinated by NIMHANS in Bengaluru.
An India Centre for BRICS Industrial Competencies.
Cooperation to help manufacturing companies and small businesses adopt Industry 4.0 technologies.
A BRICS–New Development Bank Knowledge Portal.
A Task Force on Growth and Development.
Discussions on a BRICS Risk Lab at Gujarat’s GIFT City.

These initiatives gave India’s chairship a practical and technology-focused character.

Significance of the summit

The summit demonstrated both the influence and the limitations of the expanded BRICS grouping.

On one hand, BRICS produced a consensus declaration covering global governance, trade, development, terrorism, technology and regional conflicts. The inclusion of specific language on the Pahalgam attack was especially important for India.

On the other hand, the declaration showed that BRICS members do not share identical views on major geopolitical disputes. The wording on West Asia was deliberately cautious and avoided directly blaming individual countries. Similarly, the summit advanced work on local-currency payments but stopped short of creating a common BRICS currency or a fully integrated financial system.

The main achievement was therefore not the creation of a new institution, but the preservation of consensus among a larger and more politically diverse group. The New Delhi Declaration positioned BRICS as a stronger voice for the Global South while leaving many proposals—such as payment integration, investment mechanisms and institutional reform—to future negotiations.

Conclusion

The 2026 BRICS Summit took place on 12–13 September 2026 in New Delhi, with associated activities forming part of a broader programme. Its principal outcome was the consensus adoption of the New Delhi Declaration, which addressed global governance, trade restrictions, terrorism, West Asian conflicts, Palestine, artificial intelligence, digital public infrastructure and development finance.

India’s chairship secured several priorities, particularly stronger condemnation of terrorism, support for Global South representation and new cooperation initiatives in technology, health and industry. Nevertheless, the summit also confirmed that BRICS remains a diverse coalition whose decisions depend on compromise rather than complete strategic unity.

How to Type Math Symbols on a Windows Keyboard: Shortcuts, Unicode, Word, and AI-Friendly Methods

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Tue, 25 Aug 2026 19:21:01 +0000

Typing mathematical symbols on a Windows keyboard doesn't have to be difficult. Whether you're writing equations, completing homework, preparing reports, or working with spreadsheets, Windows provides several ways to enter symbols such as ±, ×, ÷, ≤, ≥, π, √, and ∞. This guide covers shortcuts, Unicode, built-in tools, and practical methods.

The good news is that Windows supports several ways to enter mathematical symbols. You can use Alt codes, Unicode, the Windows symbol panel, Microsoft Word's symbol and equation tools, Character Map, or copy and paste.

The best method depends on what you're typing, which application you're using, and whether your keyboard has a numeric keypad.

This guide explains the most useful methods, shows the codes for common math symbols, explains their limitations, and helps you choose the fastest method for everyday use.

Quick Answer: The Best Ways to Type Math Symbols

For most Windows users, these are the methods worth knowing:

Windows Symbol Panel: Best for quickly inserting symbols in many applications.

Alt Codes: Convenient when you have a numeric keypad and know the codes.

Alt + X Unicode: Excellent in Microsoft Word and compatible Office applications.

Word's Insert Symbol: Best when you need to browse and select specific characters.

Word Equation Mode: Best for complete mathematical expressions and formulas.

Character Map: Useful when you need to find an unfamiliar symbol visually.

Copy and paste: The simplest fallback when you only need a symbol occasionally.

There is no single shortcut that works for every mathematical character in every Windows application. Understanding the differences between these methods will save you time.

1. Use the Windows Emoji and Symbol Panel

For occasional symbol entry, the Windows symbol panel is one of the easiest options.

How to open the symbol panel

Place the cursor where you want the symbol.

Press Windows + . (period) or Windows + ; (semicolon).

Select the Symbols section.

Look for the mathematical symbols category.

Select the symbol you need.

Depending on your Windows version and the application you're using, the available categories and interface may vary.

You can use the panel to insert characters such as:

± × ÷ √ ∞ π ≠ ≤ ≥

Best for

The symbol panel is particularly useful when you:

Don't know the Unicode value.

Don't want to memorize Alt codes.

Are typing in email, messaging apps, browsers, or other everyday applications.

Need a symbol only occasionally.

2. Use Windows Alt Codes

Alt codes are one of the oldest and most familiar ways to enter special characters in Windows.

They are especially convenient if your keyboard has a dedicated numeric keypad.

How Alt codes work

Place the cursor where you want the character.

Make sure Num Lock is enabled.

Hold down Alt.

Enter the numeric code using the numeric keypad.

Release Alt.

For example:

Alt + 0177 → ±

Common mathematical Alt codes

Symbol Meaning Common Alt code

± Plus or minus Alt + 0177

÷ Division Alt + 0247

× Multiplication Alt + 0215

π Pi Alt + 227

∞ Infinity Alt + 236

√ Square root Alt + 251

² Squared Alt + 0178

³ Cubed Alt + 0179

½ One-half Alt + 0189

° Degree Alt + 0176

Σ Capital sigma Alt + 228

µ Micro sign Alt + 230

An important limitation of Alt codes

Alt codes are not a universal Unicode input system.

Some codes depend on the character set used by the application, and behavior can vary between programs. Codes involving extended characters can therefore be less predictable than Unicode input.

For reliable Unicode mathematical symbols, use a Unicode-compatible method instead.

3. Type Unicode Characters With Alt + X

Unicode provides standardized character codes for mathematical symbols and thousands of other characters.

In Microsoft Word, one of the most useful shortcuts is Alt + X.

How Alt + X works

Type the Unicode hexadecimal value.

Press Alt + X.

Word converts the hexadecimal value into the corresponding character.

For example:

2260 + Alt + X → ≠

Useful Unicode math codes

Symbol Meaning Unicode

÷ Division 00F7

× Multiplication 00D7

± Plus or minus 00B1

≠ Not equal 2260

≤ Less than or equal 2264

≥ Greater than or equal 2265

√ Square root 221A

∞ Infinity 221E

∑ Summation 2211

∫ Integral 222B

π Pi 03C0

θ Theta 03B8

Δ Capital delta 0394

∂ Partial derivative 2202

∈ Element of 2208

For example, in a compatible Word document:

221A + Alt + X → √

221E + Alt + X → ∞

03C0 + Alt + X → π

Why Unicode is useful

Unicode gives mathematical characters standardized identities rather than relying solely on old character-set conventions.

However, Alt + X is primarily an Office/Word technique. It should not be assumed to work in every Windows application.

4. Insert Math Symbols in Microsoft Word

If you're writing a report, assignment, thesis, or other formal document, Microsoft Word has dedicated symbol tools.

How to insert a symbol

Open the Insert tab.

Select Symbol.

Choose More Symbols.

Select an appropriate font, such as Cambria Math or Segoe UI Symbol.

Browse the available characters or use the relevant subset.

Select the symbol and click Insert.

This method is particularly useful when you don't know the symbol's keyboard shortcut or Unicode value.

Common mathematical characters include:

≤ ≥ ≠ ≈ ∑ ∫ √ ∞ ∂ Δ

You can also create or customize shortcuts for symbols you use frequently.

5. Use Word Equation Mode for Complete Formulas

If you're typing an actual mathematical expression rather than a single symbol, Word's Equation feature is usually a better choice.

Press:

Alt + =

This opens an equation field.

You can then enter mathematical notation using Word's equation syntax.

For example, Word can recognize commands such as:

\sqrt for a square-root structure

\pi for π

\leq for ≤

\geq for ≥

\neq for ≠

\infty for ∞

The exact behavior can depend on the equation input mode and Word version.

Equation mode is especially useful for:

Algebra

Calculus

Statistics

Physics

Engineering

Scientific papers

Mathematical formulas

For example, instead of inserting individual symbols manually, you can construct an expression such as:

x ≥ 3

or a more complex equation containing fractions, roots, superscripts, subscripts, integrals, and summations.

6. Use Character Map

Windows also includes Character Map, a useful graphical tool for finding special characters.

How to use Character Map

Open the Start menu.

Search for Character Map.

Open the application.

Choose a suitable font.

Turn on Advanced view if available.

Search or browse for the character.

Select it.

Copy it and paste it into your document.

Character Map is particularly useful when you know what a symbol looks like but don't know its keyboard shortcut or Unicode value.

It can also help you understand which characters are supported by a particular font.

7. What If Your Laptop Has No Numeric Keypad?

Many modern laptops don't have a dedicated numeric keypad. That can make traditional Alt-code entry inconvenient.

You have several alternatives.

Use the Windows symbol panel

Press:

Windows + .

Then select the required symbol.

Use Character Map

Find the symbol visually, copy it, and paste it into your document.

Use Microsoft Word

Word's Insert Symbol, Unicode Alt + X, and Equation features don't require a conventional numeric keypad in the same way traditional Alt codes do.

Use an on-screen keyboard

Windows' On-Screen Keyboard can provide a virtual numeric keypad on systems where the physical keyboard doesn't have one.

Some laptops also have embedded numeric keypads that can be activated with Fn and another key, although the exact shortcut varies by manufacturer and model.

8. The Most Useful Math Symbols to Know

You don't need to memorize hundreds of symbols. Start with the ones you actually use.

Basic arithmetic

+ — addition

− — subtraction

× — multiplication

÷ — division

± — plus or minus

Comparison

= — equal to

≠ — not equal to

< — less than

> — greater than

≤ — less than or equal to

≥ — greater than or equal to

≈ — approximately equal to

Mathematical constants and operations

π — pi

√ — square root

∞ — infinity

∑ — summation

∫ — integral

∂ — partial derivative

Δ — delta/change

θ — theta

Superscripts and fractions

Common characters include:

² — squared

³ — cubed

½ — one-half

¼ — one-quarter

¾ — three-quarters

For more complicated fractions and mathematical structures, Word Equation mode is generally more appropriate than individual Unicode characters.

9. Which Method Should You Use?

The right method depends on what you're doing.

Situation Recommended method

Occasional symbol Windows Symbol Panel

Keyboard with numeric keypad Alt codes

Microsoft Word Alt + X / Symbol

Complex mathematical formula Word Equation

Unknown or rare symbol Character Map

No numeric keypad Symbol Panel / Character Map

Email or browser Symbol Panel or copy/paste

Academic document Word Symbol / Equation

The important point is not to memorize every method. Learn one or two that match your normal workflow.

10. Why a Symbol May Not Display Correctly

Sometimes you enter a symbol correctly but see an empty square, question mark, or another unexpected character.

This is usually a font or application compatibility issue.

Try these solutions

Change to a font with broader mathematical character support.

Try Segoe UI Symbol or Cambria Math where appropriate.

Test the character in Microsoft Word.

Use Unicode rather than an old Alt-code method.

Check whether the application supports the character.

Make sure the character you entered is actually the Unicode symbol you intended.

Not every font contains every Unicode character.

11. Alt Codes vs. Unicode: What's the Difference?

This distinction is useful because the terms are often treated as though they mean the same thing.

Alt codes are a Windows keyboard-input mechanism that traditionally maps numeric values to characters.

Unicode is a worldwide character-encoding standard that assigns code points to characters.

For example:

≠ = Unicode U+2260

In Microsoft Word, you can enter that character by typing:

2260 + Alt + X

These are related but different concepts.

If you're learning mathematical symbol entry today, Unicode is the more important long-term concept, while Alt codes remain useful for certain common characters and workflows.

12. Copy and Paste Is Still a Valid Method

You don't need to use a keyboard shortcut every time.

If you only need a symbol occasionally, copying it can be the fastest solution:

± ÷ × ≤ ≥ ≠ ≈ √ ∞ π ∑ ∫

For occasional use, there's little benefit in memorizing a complicated shortcut.

Keyboard shortcuts become valuable when you repeatedly type the same symbols.

13. Create Your Own Math Symbol Cheat Sheet

If you frequently write mathematical or technical content, create a small personal reference.

For example:

Symbol Meaning Preferred method

± Plus/minus Alt + 0177

× Multiplication Alt + 0215

÷ Division Alt + 0247

√ Square root Unicode / Word

π Pi Word / Symbol Panel

∞ Infinity Unicode / Word

≤ Less than or equal Alt + X

≥ Greater than or equal Alt + X

≠ Not equal Alt + X

After repeated use, the symbols you need most often will become automatic.

14. Examples of Mathematical Text

Once you know a few symbols, ordinary mathematical writing becomes much cleaner.

For example:

If x ≥ 3, then √x ≈ 1.73.

A circle's area can be written as:

A = πr²

A comparison can be written as:

r₁ ≤ r₂

An inequality can be written as:

x ≠ 0

And an equation involving infinity can use:

x → ∞

For complex formulas, use an equation editor rather than trying to construct everything from individual Unicode characters.

15. Common Problems and Quick Fixes

Alt codes don't work

Check that:

Num Lock is enabled.

You're using the numeric keypad.

The application supports the particular character.

You're using the correct code.

Your laptop doesn't require a special embedded-numpad function.

Alt + X doesn't work

Alt + X is mainly associated with Microsoft Word and compatible Office applications. It is not a universal Windows shortcut.

Try the Windows symbol panel or Character Map in other applications.

The wrong character appears

The problem may be related to the code, character set, font, or application.

Try using the Unicode code point and a Unicode-compatible application.

A box appears instead of the symbol

The selected font may not contain that character.

Try a font with broader mathematical-symbol coverage, such as Cambria Math or Segoe UI Symbol, where appropriate.

You don't have a numeric keypad

Use the Windows symbol panel, Character Map, Word's symbol tools, or an on-screen keyboard.

16. How AI Changes the Way We Work With Math Symbols

AI tools make finding and using mathematical symbols easier, but they don't replace the underlying keyboard methods.

For example, instead of searching the web for the Unicode value of "less than or equal to," you can ask an AI assistant:

What is the Unicode character for less than or equal to?

You can then get:

≤ — U+2264

AI can also help you:

Identify an unfamiliar mathematical symbol.

Convert an equation into plain text.

Convert plain text into mathematical notation.

Explain what a symbol means.

Generate a list of Unicode values.

Troubleshoot formatting problems.

Create keyboard shortcuts or automation scripts.

However, the final character still needs to be supported by the application and font in which you're using it.

In other words, AI makes symbol discovery easier; Windows and your application still determine how the character is actually entered and displayed.

17. Traditional SEO and AI Search: How This Guide Is Designed

People now discover information through traditional search engines as well as AI assistants and AI-powered search features.

That makes clarity particularly important for technical how-to content.

A useful guide should provide:

A direct answer near the beginning.

Clearly labeled methods.

Exact keyboard shortcuts.

Tables for codes and symbols.

Practical examples.

Limitations for each method.

Troubleshooting information.

Enough context for readers who want to understand how the technology works.

This structure is useful for humans and also makes individual answers easier for search systems and AI tools to understand.

The objective should not be to write artificially for an AI. The objective is to make the information accurate, structured, comprehensive, and genuinely useful.

18. Frequently Asked Questions

How do I type math symbols on Windows?

The easiest general-purpose method is to open the Windows symbol panel with Windows + . and select the required symbol. In Microsoft Word, you can also use Insert → Symbol, Alt + X Unicode input, or Equation mode.

How do I type ≤ on a Windows keyboard?

In Microsoft Word, type 2264 and press Alt + X to produce ≤.

How do I type ≥ on Windows?

In Microsoft Word, type 2265 and press Alt + X to produce ≥.

How do I type ≠ on Windows?

In Microsoft Word, type 2260 and press Alt + X to produce ≠.

How do I type π on Windows?

You can insert π through the Windows symbol panel, Character Map, Microsoft Word's Symbol tool, or by using 03C0 + Alt + X in Word.

How do I type √ on Windows?

You can use the Windows symbol panel, Character Map, Word's Symbol tool, or 221A + Alt + X in Microsoft Word.

How do I type ∞ on Windows?

Use the Windows symbol panel or enter 221E + Alt + X in Microsoft Word.

Can I type math symbols without a numeric keypad?

Yes. The Windows symbol panel, Character Map, Microsoft Word's symbol tools, and copy-and-paste methods can all be used without a conventional numeric keypad.

What is the best method for complex equations?

For complex mathematical expressions, use an equation editor such as Microsoft Word's Equation feature rather than entering every mathematical character individually.

Final Takeaway

There is no need to memorize hundreds of mathematical keyboard shortcuts.

For most Windows users, start with these four techniques:

Windows + . for quick symbol insertion.

Alt codes when you have a numeric keypad and know the code.

Alt + X for Unicode characters in Microsoft Word.

Equation mode for complete mathematical expressions.

Use Character Map when you need to discover an unfamiliar symbol, and use copy and paste when you only need a character occasionally.

The most important principle is simple: choose the input method that matches the application and the type of mathematical content you're creating.

Once you know a handful of symbols such as ±, ×, ÷, ≤, ≥, ≠, π, √, and ∞, mathematical typing on Windows becomes considerably faster and more natural.

For engineering work, the most practical ways to type Greek letters on Windows are:

Alt codes (fast, works in most apps)
Word’s Unicode + Alt+X (very reliable in Word/Office)
Optionally, a Greek keyboard layout if you type them constantly

Below is a compact cheat sheet tailored to common engineering symbols.

Most-used Greek letters for engineering (Alt codes)

Use these with Alt + code on the numeric keypad (Num Lock on).altcodeunicode+3

Letter	Lowercase	Alt code	Uppercase	Alt code
Alpha	α	Alt + 224	Α	Alt + 913
Beta	β	Alt + 225	Β	Alt + 914
Gamma	γ	Alt + 226	Γ	Alt + 915
Delta	δ	Alt + 235	Δ	Alt + 916
Epsilon	ε	Alt + 238	Ε	Alt + 917
Theta	θ	Alt + 233	Θ	Alt + 920
Lambda	λ	Alt + 955	Λ	Alt + 923
Mu	µ	Alt + 230	Μ	Alt + 924
Pi	π	Alt + 227	Π	Alt + 928
Sigma	σ	Alt + 229	Σ	Alt + 228
Tau	τ	Alt + 231	Τ	Alt + 932
Phi	φ	Alt + 237	Φ	Alt + 232
Omega	ω	Alt + 969	Ω	Alt + 234

Notes:

Some sources show slightly different codes for a few letters (e.g., theta), but the ones above are widely used and work in typical Windows apps.greekalphabet+2
If a code doesn’t work, try the four-digit version with a leading zero (e.g., 0224 instead of 224).

In Microsoft Word / Office: Unicode + Alt+X (very handy)

In Word, Outlook, and other Office apps, you can type the hex Unicode and press Alt+X:

Type the hex code (no U+, just digits/letters).
Press Alt+X immediately after.

Common engineering Greek letters:altcodeunicode+3

Letter	Lowercase	Code + Alt+X	Uppercase	Code + Alt+X
Alpha	α	`03B1` → Alt+X	Α	`0391` → Alt+X
Beta	β	`03B2` → Alt+X	Β	`0392` → Alt+X
Gamma	γ	`03B3` → Alt+X	Γ	`0393` → Alt+X
Delta	δ	`03B4` → Alt+X	Δ	`0394` → Alt+X
Epsilon	ε	`03B5` → Alt+X	Ε	`0395` → Alt+X
Theta	θ	`03B8` → Alt+X	Θ	`0398` → Alt+X
Lambda	λ	`03BB` → Alt+X	Λ	`039B` → Alt+X
Mu	µ	`03BC` → Alt+X	Μ	`039C` → Alt+X
Pi	π	`03C0` → Alt+X	Π	`03A0` → Alt+X
Sigma	σ	`03C3` → Alt+X	Σ	`03A3` → Alt+X
Phi	φ	`03C6` → Alt+X	Φ	`03A6` → Alt+X
Omega	ω	`03C9` → Alt+X	Ω	`03A9` → Alt+X

This method is especially good if you’re writing reports, derivations, or notes in Word.

If you type Greek constantly: add a Greek keyboard

If you’re entering Greek letters all day (e.g., in simulations, code comments, or documentation), consider adding a Greek keyboard layout:

Settings → Time & Language → Language.
Add a language → search for Greek.
Install, then switch with Win + Space or the language bar.

Then you can type Greek letters directly using a Greek key mapping, and switch back to English when done.accentcodes

Practical workflow suggestion for engineering

Quick one-offs in any app: use Alt codes from the first table.
Long documents in Word/Office: memorize a few Unicode + Alt+X codes for your most-used symbols (e.g., 03B1, 03B4, 03C0, 03A9).
Heavy Greek use: enable a Greek keyboard layout and toggle as needed.

If you tell me your main fields (e.g., electrical, mechanical, civil) I can narrow this to a minimal “top 10” set of Greek letters and symbols you’ll actually use day to day.

Letter	Lowercase	Code + Alt+X	Uppercase	Code + Alt+X
Alpha	α	`03B1` → Alt+X	Α	`0391` → Alt+X
Beta	β	`03B2` → Alt+X	Β	`0392` → Alt+X
Gamma	γ	`03B3` → Alt+X	Γ	`0393` → Alt+X
Delta	δ	`03B4` → Alt+X	Δ	`0394` → Alt+X
Epsilon	ε	`03B5` → Alt+X	Ε	`0395` → Alt+X
Theta	θ	`03B8` → Alt+X	Θ	`0398` → Alt+X
Lambda	λ	`03BB` → Alt+X	Λ	`039B` → Alt+X
Mu	µ	`03BC` → Alt+X	Μ	`039C` → Alt+X
Pi	π	`03C0` → Alt+X	Π	`03A0` → Alt+X
Sigma	σ	`03C3` → Alt+X	Σ	`03A3` → Alt+X
Phi	φ	`03C6` → Alt+X	Φ	`03A6` → Alt+X
Omega	ω	`03C9` → Alt+X	Ω	`03A9` → Alt+X

FIFA World Cup 2026: A Historic Tournament That Redefined Global Football

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Mon, 27 Jul 2026 17:52:59 +0000

The FIFA World Cup 2026 concluded in spectacular fashion, leaving football fans around the world with unforgettable memories. Hosted jointly by the United States, Canada, and Mexico, the tournament was the first in history to feature 48 teams and 104 matches, making it the biggest FIFA World Cup ever organized. The expanded format brought greater global representation, thrilling contests, and several surprise performances that highlighted the growing competitiveness of international football.

By Bryan Berlin / WikiPortraits, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link

The final, played on 19 July 2026 at MetLife Stadium in New Jersey, saw Spain defeat defending champions Argentina 1–0 to lift their second FIFA World Cup trophy. Spain's disciplined tactical approach, technical superiority, and defensive resilience proved decisive in one of the most closely contested finals in recent history. Their victory marked a return to the summit of world football after their first World Cup triumph in 2010.

One of the defining features of the tournament was its expanded 48-team format. Nations from every continent had greater opportunities to compete on football's biggest stage, resulting in several memorable upsets and breakthrough performances. Emerging football nations demonstrated remarkable progress, proving that the gap between traditional powerhouses and developing teams continues to narrow. The tournament showcased football's truly global appeal and reinforced FIFA's vision of expanding the game's reach.

Several traditional giants, including Spain, Argentina, France, and England, delivered consistently strong performances throughout the competition. Spain defeated France in the semifinals before overcoming Argentina in the final, while England secured third place after an entertaining victory over France in the playoff match. The knockout rounds were filled with dramatic encounters, penalty shootouts, and late goals that kept supporters on the edge of their seats.

Beyond the action on the pitch, the tournament set new standards for organization and fan engagement. With matches spread across three host nations, millions of supporters experienced a month-long celebration of football. Modern stadiums, advanced technology, and improved fan experiences contributed to the success of the event. The tournament also emphasized sustainability, innovation, and inclusivity, reflecting football's growing role as a global cultural event.

The 2026 FIFA World Cup will be remembered not only for Spain's championship-winning campaign but also for its historic expansion and the emergence of new footballing nations. It demonstrated that the sport continues to evolve while maintaining the passion, drama, and unpredictability that make the World Cup the most celebrated tournament in world football.

As the football world looks ahead to the next edition in 2030, the legacy of the 2026 FIFA World Cup will endure as a milestone in the sport's history—one that expanded opportunities, united millions of fans, and delivered unforgettable moments on the grandest stage of all.

FIFA World Cup 2026 Tournament Summary

FIFA World Cup 2026: Tournament Summary

Stage	Number of Teams	Matches	Key Outcome
Group Stage	48	72	Top two teams from each of the 12 groups (24) plus the best 8 third-placed teams qualified for the Round of 32.
Round of 32	32	16	16 winning teams advanced to the Round of 16.
Round of 16	16	8	8 winners qualified for the Quarter-finals.
Quarter-finals	8	4	Spain, Argentina, France, and England reached the Semi-finals.
Semi-finals	4	2	Spain defeated France (2–0); Argentina defeated England (2–1).
Third-place Playoff	2	1	England defeated France (6–4).
Final	2	1	Spain defeated Argentina (1–0) to win the FIFA World Cup 2026.

Knockout Stage Results

Stage	Match	Result	Winner
Quarter-final	France vs Morocco	2–0	France
Quarter-final	Spain vs Belgium	2–1	Spain
Quarter-final	England vs Norway	2–1	England
Quarter-final	Argentina vs Switzerland	3–1	Argentina
Semi-final	Spain vs France	2–0	Spain
Semi-final	Argentina vs England	2–1	Argentina
Third-place Playoff	England vs France	6–4	England
Final	Spain vs Argentina	1–0	Spain

Final Standings

Position	Team
🥇 Champions	Spain
🥈 Runners-up	Argentina
🥉 Third Place	England
4th Place	France

FIFA World Cup 2026 - Tournament Journey

🏆 FIFA World Cup 2026

From Group Stage to the Grand Final

Tournament Overview

Stage	Teams	Matches	Qualified
Group Stage	48	72	32 Teams
Round of 32	32	16	16 Teams
Round of 16	16	8	8 Teams
Quarter-finals	8	4	4 Teams
Semi-finals	4	2	2 Teams
Third Place	2	1	England Won
Final	2	1	Spain Champions

Group Stage

Group A

Mexico
South Africa
South Korea
Czechia

Group B

Canada
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Qatar
Switzerland

Group C

Brazil
Morocco
Haiti
Scotland

Group D

USA
Paraguay
Australia
Turkey

Group E

Germany
Ivory Coast
Ecuador
Curacao

Group F

Netherlands
Japan
Sweden
Tunisia

Group G

Belgium
Egypt
Iran
New Zealand

Group H

Spain
Uruguay
Saudi Arabia
Cape Verde

Group I

France
Senegal
Iraq
Norway

Group J

Argentina
Austria
Jordan
Algeria

Group K

Portugal
Colombia
DR Congo
Uzbekistan

Group L

England
Croatia
Ghana
Panama

Knockout Stage

Stage	Fixture	Score	Winner
Quarter-final	France vs Morocco	2-0	France
Quarter-final	Spain vs Belgium	2-1	Spain
Quarter-final	England vs Norway	2-1	England
Quarter-final	Argentina vs Switzerland	3-1	Argentina
Semi-final	Spain vs France	2-0	Spain
Semi-final	Argentina vs England	2-1	Argentina
Third Place	England vs France	6-4	England
Final	Spain vs Argentina	1-0	🏆 Spain

Tournament Timeline

Group Stage

48 nations competed across 12 groups in the largest FIFA World Cup ever.

Round of 32

The expanded knockout round featured 32 qualified teams.

Round of 16

The world's best sixteen teams battled for a place in the quarter-finals.

Quarter-finals

Spain, France, Argentina and England emerged as semifinalists.

Semi-finals

Spain defeated France while Argentina eliminated England.

Grand Final

Spain defeated Argentina 1-0 to become FIFA World Cup 2026 Champions.

🏆 Champions

SPAIN

Spain 1 – 0 Argentina

MetLife Stadium, New Jersey

19 July 2026

A Legacy of Legends: Charting the ICC Men's Cricketer of the Year Winners

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Mon, 06 Oct 2025 21:11:00 +0000

The Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy, awarded to the ICC Men's Cricketer of the Year, is the most prestigious individual prize in international cricket. Since its inception in 2004, this award has celebrated the player who demonstrates the most consistent and outstanding performance across all formats of the game.

The inaugural award was presented to India's legendary batsman, Rahul Dravid. The list of subsequent winners features a pantheon of cricket greats. Australian captain Ricky Ponting became the first player to win the award in consecutive years, achieving this feat in 2006 and 2007. This was later matched by India's Virat Kohli in 2017 and 2018. Kohli also holds the record for the most individual ICC awards and was named the Cricketer of the Decade for 2011-2020.

Other notable winners include all-time greats like Sachin Tendulkar (2010), Jacques Kallis (2005, shared), and Kumar Sangakkara (2012). Fast bowler Mitchell Johnson is another two-time recipient (2009, 2014). The honor roll continues with modern-day heroes such as Steve Smith (2015), Ben Stokes (2019), and recent winners Pat Cummins (2023) and Jasprit Bumrah (2024), showcasing the award's enduring significance.

Key Points from 2004–2024

The award began in 2004 with Rahul Dravid as the first recipient.
Multiple-time winners include Ricky Ponting, Virat Kohli, and Steve Smith.
It has recognized excellence across Test, ODI, and T20 cricket, often going to players with all-format dominance.
The 2024 winner was honored alongside other ICC award categories such as Test Cricketer of the Year, ODI Cricketer of the Year, and T20I Cricketer of the Year.

Year	Winner	Country
2004	Rahul Dravid	India
2005	Andrew Flintoff, Jacques Kallis	England, S. Africa
2006	Ricky Ponting	Australia
2007	Ricky Ponting	Australia
2008	Shivnarine Chanderpaul	West Indies
2009	Mitchell Johnson	Australia
2010	Sachin Tendulkar	India
2011	Jonathan Trott	England
2012	Kumar Sangakkara	Sri Lanka
2013	Michael Clarke	Australia
2014	Mitchell Johnson	Australia
2015	Steve Smith	Australia
2016	Ravichandran Ashwin	India
2017	Virat Kohli	India
2018	Virat Kohli	India
2019	Ben Stokes	England
2020	Virat Kohli (Decade Award)	India
2021	Shaheen Afridi	Pakistan
2022	Babar Azam	Pakistan
2023	Pat Cummins	Australia
2024	Jasprit Bumrah	India

OpenGL Geometric Primitives and Menus

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Sat, 02 Aug 2025 18:31:00 +0000

In OpenGL programming we have so many function, methods included in the open source libraries. Most basic thing we need to learn in OpenGL are the Geometric Primitives. In the OpenGL points, lines, polygons, images, and bitmaps are considered to be primitives.

Another major use in OpenGL are the colors, they are used in so many ways and are also very important in OpenGL Programming. We render the object with color using glcolor2f or glcolor3f etc as required in the program.

Use of the Points in the OpenGL Porgram is very important and it's base for all heavy programming. After the points we have Lines, this OpenGL Geometric Primitive use to draw many 2d and 3d shapes like triangle, rectangles, squares and other polygons with the use of proper vertices coordinates. We have many Polygon functions also defined in OpenGL graphics API. Only the circle which we need to draw. In today's Program we talk about of these OpenGL Geometric Primitive.

Learn How to Draw a Circle in OpenGL Programming.

The following program will demonstarte the use of OpenGL Geometric Primitives and Menus. This program is submitted by +venkatesh bandaru. It good to see he share his knowledge with us. I hope you like the program which will do the following -

Allow user to choose different sets of color
Let Choose the Primitive like pixels, lines, circle and eclipse.
With the combined selection of Color and Primitive objects, it get drawn on the screen.
The program used the Concept of Menu and Sub menu for selection, which is done with right click of mouse.

How to use menu in OpenGL

Following the source code -

OpenGL Programming Topics for 2025

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Thu, 31 Jul 2025 19:26:00 +0000

Based on current trends and developments in graphics programming, a few major areas stand out as important OpenGL programming themes for 2025:

Contemporary OpenGL Methods: To optimize GPU performance, concentrate on utilizing the core profile OpenGL 4.x capabilities, such as shader programming (GLSL), buffer management strategies including persistent mapped buffers, multi-buffering, and reducing driver overhead (AZDO - Approaching Zero Driver Overhead). Advanced Graphics Effects: Normal mapping, directional and omnidirectional shadow mapping, parallax occlusion mapping with self-shadowing, displacement mapping using tessellation shaders, and physically based rendering (PBR) are all implemented. Creating dynamic environments using procedural terrain, wind, planets, and hydraulic erosion effects on the GPU is known as procedural content generation. Realtime lighting and global illumination: methods like as dynamic exposure and HDR, volumetric effects like volumetric clouds, and global illumination via voxel cone tracing. Skeletal animation, camera path interpolation, basic inverse kinematics, and boids (flocking behavior simulation) are examples of animation and simulation. Transparency and Reflections: To improve realism, use basic translucency effects, parallax-corrected cubemap reflections, and planar reflections. Performance optimization includes downsampling for bloom effects, instancing for drawing numerous objects, and Frustum culling. Integration with New APIs and Ecosystems: Vulkan is quickly taking the lead for low-level control and performance on contemporary GPUs, even though OpenGL is still widely used. Ray tracing and other sophisticated GPU functions require OpenGL/Vulkan interoperability. Future Khronos projects like glNext, which is intended to be a next-generation API for contemporary processors, should also be monitored by developers. Tooling and Libraries: Since OpenGL, it is imperative to keep using external libraries for texture management and picture loading.

Tooling and Libraries: Because OpenGL does not handle image formats directly, it is necessary to continue using other libraries for image loading and texture management. Job Market and Skills: By 2025, OpenGL developers should be well-versed in graphics programming, shader development, C/C++, and mathematics (particularly linear algebra). Many of these modern approaches are demonstrated by a recent example of a complex OpenGL engine developed in C++ (Antares engine, 2025), which includes global illumination, procedural generation, skeletal animation, advanced mapping and reflections, and real-time environmental effects. Overall, OpenGL programming in 2025 entails knowing recent GPU features, complex rendering techniques, real-time simulation, performance optimizations, and getting ready to interoperate or move to other graphics APIs such as Vulkan. Keeping up with the Khronos group's advances and GPU vendor support is also suggested for the future.

Here are some specific project ideas and teaching resources based on contemporary OpenGL programming themes for 2025: Basic to Advanced Modern OpenGL Tutorials Learnopengl.com provides step-by-step instructions that cover everything from basic window setup, shaders, texture mapping, and advanced lighting and shadow mapping. It also contains practical exercises such as building a small game engine and loading models with Assimp. Topics covered include GLSL shader programming, virtual camera control, 3D model rendering, multi-light configurations, and shadow optimization. Project Idea: 3D Scene with Textured Models and Multiple Lights. Create a 3D environment in which you use Assimp to import external models (for example, from Blender), apply multiple textures, and add directional, spot, and point lights, as well as shadow mapping. Use camera movement and controls to navigate the scene interactively. Project Idea: Procedural Terrain Generation and Texturing Use OpenGL and GLSL shaders to create generative terrain using displacement mapping or fractal noise techniques. Use texture splatting to dynamically combine grass, rock, and snow textures based on height and slope.

Project Concept: Lighting Effects in Real Time Use environment maps and image-based lighting to replicate realistic materials through the use of physically based rendering (PBR) techniques. For improved surface details, use methods like normal mapping and parallax occlusion mapping. Project Concept: Skeletal System and Animation By loading skinned models and applying bone modifications in shaders, you may create skeletal animations. Make basic camera path interpolation or inverse kinematics. Project Concept: Post-processing and Advanced Effects Use effects such as volumetric fog, bloom, HDR, and screen-space shadows or reflections. Use shaders for post-processing and framebuffer objects (FBOs). Classes and Educational Materials Updated courses such as "Learn Modern OpenGL Programming" on Udemy have approximately ten hours of video lectures that cover topics including camera, lighting, shaders, environment setup, model loading, and texturing. A thorough explanation of why contemporary OpenGL use a programmable pipeline with shader-based flexibility to create effects that are not achievable with more antiquated fixed pipelines can be found in an essay on CodeProject. GitHub projects such as the "Guide to Modern OpenGL Functions" offer best practices and current function usage, with a primary focus on essential OpenGL capabilities.

Here are some useful OpenGL code snippets related to the modern OpenGL topics we've discussed, such as shader setup, texture loading, procedural terrain basics, and rendering a textured 3D model with lighting.

1. Shader Compilation and Linking

// Utility function to compile a shader
GLuint compileShader(GLenum type, const char* source) {
    GLuint shader = glCreateShader(type);
    glShaderSource(shader, 1, &source, nullptr);
    glCompileShader(shader);

    // Check compile status
    GLint success;
    glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success) {
        char infoLog[512];
        glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, 512, nullptr, infoLog);
        std::cerr << "Shader compilation error:\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }
    return shader;
}

// Create shader program from vertex and fragment shader source strings
GLuint createShaderProgram(const char* vertexSrc, const char* fragmentSrc) {
    GLuint vertexShader = compileShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexSrc);
    GLuint fragmentShader = compileShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentSrc);

    GLuint program = glCreateProgram();
    glAttachShader(program, vertexShader);
    glAttachShader(program, fragmentShader);
    glLinkProgram(program);

    // Check link status
    GLint success;
    glGetProgramiv(program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success) {
        char infoLog[512];
        glGetProgramInfoLog(program, 512, nullptr, infoLog);
        std::cerr << "Program linking error:\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }

    glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
    glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);

    return program;
}

2. Basic Vertex and Fragment Shader (GLSL)

// Vertex shader (basic transformation)
#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec2 aTexCoord;

uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;

out vec2 TexCoord;

void main() {
    gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(aPos, 1.0);
    TexCoord = aTexCoord;
}

// Fragment shader (texture mapping)
#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;

in vec2 TexCoord;

uniform sampler2D texture1;

void main() {
    FragColor = texture(texture1, TexCoord);
}

3. Loading and Binding a Texture using stb_image.h

#include <stb_image.h>

// Load a texture from file
GLuint loadTexture(const char* filepath) {
    GLuint textureID;
    glGenTextures(1, &textureID);

    int width, height, nrChannels;
    stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(true); // Flip if needed.
    unsigned char* data = stbi_load(filepath, &width, &height, &nrChannels, 0);
    if (data) {
        GLenum format = (nrChannels == 4) ? GL_RGBA : GL_RGB;

        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, format, width, height, 0, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
      glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);

        // Texture parameters
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

        stbi_image_free(data);
    } else {
        std::cerr << "Failed to load texture: " << filepath << std::endl;
        stbi_image_free(data);
    }

    return textureID;
}

4. Setting up a Simple VAO/VBO for a Textured Rectangle

float vertices[] = {
    // positions        // texture coords
    0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // top right
    0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom right
   -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom left
   -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f // top left
};

unsigned int indices[] = { // note that we start from 0!
    0, 1, 3, // first triangle
    1, 2, 3   // second triangle
};

GLuint VAO, VBO, EBO;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
glGenBuffers(1, &EBO);

glBindVertexArray(VAO);

glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, EBO);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

// position attribute
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

// texture coord attribute
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);

glBindVertexArray(0);

5. Rendering Loop Snippet

// Use the shader program
glUseProgram(shaderProgram);

// Bind texture
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);
glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "texture1"), 0);

// Set uniform matrices (model, view, projection)...

// Draw
glBindVertexArray(VAO);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
glBindVertexArray(0);

6. Simple Procedural Terrain Height Function (for vertex y-values)

#include <cmath>
#include <cstdlib>

// Perlin noise or fractal noise is better, but here's a normal distribution example.
float randomNormal(float mean = 0.0f, float stddev = 1.0f) {
    static bool hasSpare = false;
    static float spare;

    if (hasSpare) {
        hasSpare = false;
        return mean + stddev * spare;
    }

    float u, v, s;
    do {
        u = 2.0f * ((float)rand() / RAND_MAX) - 1.0f;
        v = 2.0f * ((float)rand() / RAND_MAX) - 1.0f;
        s = u * u + v * v;
    } while (s >= 1.0f || s == 0.0f);

    s = sqrtf(-2.0f * logf(s) / s);
    spare = v * s;
    hasSpare = true;
    return mean + stddev * (u * s);
}

// Use this in vertex generation to create height variations
float getHeight(float x, float z) {
    return 5.0f * randomNormal(0.0f, 1.0f); // scale height as needed
}

25 OpenGL C++ graphics project ideas that are appropriate for CSE VTU students in 2025 are listed below: Ball Game in 2D using OpenGL 3D Object Viewer with camera control and model import Implementation of Lighting and Shading (Phong, Gouraud) Mapping Textures on 3D Surfaces Basic Keyframe Animation Using fractal noise to generate procedural terrain Environment maps in Physically Based Rendering (PBR) User-controlled interactive virtual environment The Minesweeper game featuring OpenGL visuals Helicopter Game with OpenGL and SDL Shape detection based on OpenGL (with OpenCV integration) Using OpenCV and OpenGL overlays for face detection Utilizing OpenCV and OpenGL visualization for coin detection Playlist management and OpenGL rendering in a video player OpenGL and OpenAL visuals in a music player OpenGL particle systems (rain, smoke, and fire) OpenGL Bone Transformations and Skeletal Animation Shadow Mapping and Shadows in Real Time Effects of Reflection and Refraction with Framebuffer Items Effects of Post-Processing: Motion Blur, HDR, and Bloom Optimization of Instanced Rendering and Frustum Culling Volumetric Effects: Fog and Clouds in OpenGL Simulation of Terrain Erosion Using GPU Compute Shaders Water Rendering in Real Time using Wave Simulation Procedural City or Structure Generation using OpenGL

Some fun OpenGL projects suitable for beginners that involve animations or games are:

2D Ball Game
A simple interactive game where you control a ball using keyboard input, with collision detection and scoring. This project helps learn input handling, basic physics, and rendering.
Pacman Clone
Implement the classic Pacman game with player movement, ghosts AI, collectibles, and scoring. It involves game loops, event handling, sprite animation, and simple AI. (An example tutorial video shows a C++/OpenGL Pacman clone development).
Maze Puzzle with Rolling Ball
Create a maze where a ball rolls around responding to keyboard or mouse inputs, bouncing off walls. This tests knowledge of collision detection and animation.
Simple Animation like a Flowing Fountain
Animate particles or objects using frame updates to simulate flowing water or fountains, teaching timing and particle system basics.
Tetris Game with 3D Shapes
Implement the falling blocks game using 3D shapes rendered with OpenGL. This project combines animation, input handling, and game rules logic.
Simple Planetary Body Simulation or Solar System Model
Animate planets orbiting in 3D space with rotating and revolving motions, providing experience with transformations and animation loops.
Interactive Virtual Environments or Toy Car Simulation
Model simple vehicles or characters that move and animate based on user input, applying rigid animation concepts.

These projects blend C++ programming abilities pertinent to the VTU curriculum and contemporary graphics programming techniques with basic and sophisticated OpenGL concepts such as shaders, textures, lighting, animations, and real-time effects.

The website https://www.openglprojects.in/ concentrates on OpenGL graphics programming, with project ideas and tutorials geared toward VTU CSE students and computer graphics aficionados.

It offers useful fixes and examples of source code, encompassing both basic and intricate programs that make use of the OpenGL GLUT framework.

One important subject discussed is OpenGL picture loading, where the website clarifies that OpenGL does not import image files directly. Rather, images are decoded into raw pixel data using external libraries such as stb_image.h, DevIL, FreeImage, and SOIL. OpenGL functions such as glGenTextures, glBindTexture, and glTexImage2D are then used to transform the images into textures. Additionally, the website showcases a project that uses image textures to draw mountains. Using fractal algorithms and pseudorandom numbers with Gaussian distribution, this project creates mountains at random. Bitmap loaders are used for textures like grass, and different window displays are enabled every time the application runs or is resized. The resource demonstrates useful techniques in OpenGL project development by sharing utility functions such as the randomNormal function for producing normally distributed random integers.

All things considered, the website is a useful manual and resource for OpenGL graphics programming projects that prioritize texturing and image processing.

Jalebi Fafda Recipe Gujarati Snacks

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Tue, 01 Jul 2025 21:37:00 +0000

~~(toc) #title=(Table of Content)~~

J~~(caps)~~alebi Fafda is a popular traditional Gujarati food combination, especially enjoyed during festivals like Dussehra and Diwali. It pairs two distinct items:

Fafda: A savory, crispy snack made from gram flour (besan) mixed with spices such as black pepper, ajwain, and asafoetida, then deep-fried to a light crunch. It is mildly spiced and has a delicate texture.

About Jalebi Fafda?

Jalebi is sweet made of maid or plain flour in sugar syrup. It is famous across India and said to be inspired from west Asian food where it was called as "Zolabiya" or "Zalabiya."

Fafda is famous Gujrati snack. This crispy snack is made of besan or bengal gram flour with some spices added to it. Fafda is eaten with green chilli and papaya sambharo.

The combination of Jalebi and Fafda was popularised by main character of TV Sitcom "Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah" - Jethalal. He is so found of Jalebi and Fafda that there are so many memes on internet on thier love.

Jalebi Recipe - How to Make Jalebi

Below step by step process will tell you how to make jalebi - crispy jalebi recipe with all the Ingredients.

Cook Time

Prepration Time	Cook Time	Ready in	Yields
10 Minutes	15 Minutes	25 Minutes	4

Ingredients

For Making Jalebi Batter

½ cup maida or plain flour
¼ teaspoon baking soda/baking powder
1 teaspoon corn flour or corn starch
1 teaspoon curd
pinch of food colour (optional)
water as required
oil for deep frying
1 teaspoon ghee (optional)

For sugar syrup

¼ cup water
1 cup sugar
¼ teaspoon kesar or saffron strands (optional)
pinch of food colour (optional)
¼ teaspoon elachi or cardamom

Preparation for jalebi batter - jalebi recipe

First of all take a bowl and mix maida, corn flour, curd and food color (if using, you can use turmeric instead to give it a color). Use spoon or wired whisk or even hand to mix them throughly.
Add water to above, mix them properly with spoon or wired whisk or hand.
Try to make lumps free batter and keep on mixing them in all directions. Make sure there is not lumps formation, if there stir it again and again. Make the batter even and smooth.
Fill the batter in a clean clothe with one side open or use ready made aviable bottle in market for storing.

Preparation for Sugar Syrup - Jalebi recipe

In a pan mix sugar with water. Add kesar (saffron strands) and elachi (cardamom) to the mixture. You can add food color basically yellow or saffaron, even turmeric will work which provide nice color.
Place the pan on heat. Stir it at regualr interval. Cook it till you get one string consistency in the sugar syrup for for jalebi recipe. Check it with you hand (take out with spoon and let it cool a bit) and turn off the heat if consistency of syrup is ok.

Fry Jalebi - Sweet Jalebi-recipe

Heat oil in a pan over flame. Check the heat of the oil by placing some batter on it. If it comes up, then we are ready to cook or wait for oil to get heated properly.
With the help of bottle or cloths as mentioned above try to to make round shape jalebi in the oil. Make one by one. You may not get proper shape in one go but will learn gradually.
Flip one side to other with the help of tong and cook both the side firmly. Fry jalebi till both the side turn to golden color or dark if food color is added.
Keep the Jalebi aside on tissues or any plate to drain oil from it.
Place the jalebi in sugar syrup and let it soak the syrup.

How to make Fafda - Gujarati Snacks Fafda Recipe

Fafda Recipe is very easy, you just have to mix all the ingredients and make a dough. Make balls from the douhg and elongate it a long and flat. Take the flaten dough and deep fry it in oil. It very easy but bcome hard when dough start sticking to the wooden plate and not coming out. Step by step Fafda Recipe along with the ingredients used are given below.

Cook Time

Prep time: 20 min

Cook time: 30 min

Ready in: 50 min

Yields: 4

Ingredients

For Dough:

2 cups besan / bengal gram flour
1/4 teaspoon haldi/turmeric
1/4 teaspoon ajwain / carom seeds
1/4 teaspoon baking soda
salt
2 teaspoons oil
water

For Frying:

oil for deep frying

Fafda Step by Step Recipe

In a bowl mix all the ingredinets - besan ,haldi, ajwain, baking soda with salt as per taste
Now add oil to above and mix then well.
Gradually add water to the mix. Knead them well till the dough become soft and smooth. Knead the dough if it is still not soft is sticky. Add oil to the soft dough coating all over it, rest it for some time.
Take the above dough knead it again and make small ball out of it by dividing it equally.
Take wooden board (can use any thing but prefered), roll the balls into long thin flat strips. Do it carefully without breaking it.
Take fry fan and heat oil at medium flame. Carefully scrape the strips and place in the pan. Deep fry it. Stir occasionally. Fry fafdas for around one or two minutes till it turn golden in color and looks cfrispy. Repeate it wilth all the stips.

Nutrition Facts
Serving size: 1
Calories	250
Calories from Fat	180
% Daily Value *
Fat 20 g	31%
Carbohydrates 20 g	7%
Sugar 0 g
Fiber 5 g	20%
Protein 6 g	12%
Cholesterol 0 mg
Sodium 25 mg	1%
* The Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet, so your values may change depending on your calorie needs. The values here may not be 100% accurate because the recipes have not been professionally evaluated nor have they been evaluated by the U.S. FDA.

Jalebi: A sweet, bright orange spiral-shaped dessert made from a batter of all-purpose flour (maida), curd, and sometimes saffron and ghee for color and flavor. The batter is deep-fried in circular shapes and soaked in sugar syrup, making it juicy and syrupy.

Together, the crunchy, spiced fafda balances the sweetness of the jalebi, creating a unique and delightful taste experience that is deeply rooted in Gujarati culture

While Fafda and Jalebi are a match made in heaven certain sides can enhance and contrast their flavor to result in an even better eating experience. These sides are:

Gujarati Kadhi: A thin, mildly sweet yogurt-based curry that perfectly complements the crispiness of fafda.

Papaya Chutney: Made with raw papaya, mustard seeds, green chilies, and lemon juice.

Fried Green Chilies: Pickled with salt and lemon juice, these add a spicy kick to your meal.

Green Chutney: Made with mint, coriander, and lemon, it adds a burst of freshness.

Masala Chai: The strong, spiced tea balances the sweetness of jalebi.

Cold Milk: Some people love dipping hot jalebi into chilled milk though this can be rather controversial at times.

Rabdi: Thickened, sweetened milk adds richness to jalebi.

Nothing beats the joy of crunching into a hot, crispy fafda and following it up with a juicy, syrupy jalebi. Whether you’re celebrating Dussehra or simply craving a delightful meal, this iconic Gujarati duo never disappoints!

Snack Name	Region/Origin	Key Ingredients/Features
Samosa	Pan-India	Pastry with spiced potato/peas/meat filling
Pani Puri/Golgappa	Pan-India	Hollow puris, tamarind water, potatoes, chickpeas
Kachori	North India	Flaky pastry with lentil/pea filling
Bhujia	Rajasthan	Spicy gram flour snack
Dhokla	Gujarat	Steamed fermented chickpea flour cake
Murukku/Chakli	South India/Maharashtra	Rice and lentil flour spiral-shaped snack
Mathri	North India	Flaky wheat flour snack with carom seeds
Banana Chips	Kerala	Deep-fried raw banana slices in coconut oil
Chivda	Pan-India	Flattened rice, nuts, spices mix
Gathiya	Gujarat	Spiced gram flour snack, softer than bhujia
Aloo Tikki	North India	Spiced fried potato patties
Pakoras/Bhajis	Pan-India	Vegetable fritters in gram flour batter
Dahi Vada	Pan-India	Lentil fritters in yogurt with chutneys
Mirchi Vada	Rajasthan	Stuffed chili fritters

Tricks to Calculate Square of a Number quickly

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Tue, 05 Jul 2022 17:52:00 +0000

Maths is a very interesting subject. It waves the human knowledge through thinking and calculative powers. Maths is not just for learning but used in day today life, like purchasing something, counting something, exchange of money etc.

There are many problem in maths which we can solve with traditional methods, while it is good way of doing and learning but not for competitive exams. Hence to get better score than others in competitive exams we need to know some useful tricks, which save time as well as boost the score. In Bank PO, if you know some good tips and tricks - shortcuts for quantitative aptitude you will surely score higher than other.

To help you and other bank aspirants in this hub we are going to learn some tricks for calculating squares. We are going to learn how to calculate square of any number quickly. Follow the instructions and steps given below and boost your score in bank exam or other exam where quantitative aptitude will helps you gain score.

~~(toc) #title=(Table of Content)~~

Square of Number 1-30

Number	Square	Number	Square	Number	Square
1	1	11	121	21	441
2	4	12	144	22	484
3	9	13	169	23	529
4	16	14	196	24	576
5	25	15	225	25	625
6	36	16	256	26	676
7	49	17	289	27	729
8	64	18	324	28	784
9	81	19	361	29	841
10	100	20	400	30	900

Find Squares of Numbers ending with 5

One of the easiest things we learn to calculate square of a number which ends in 5. It is very easy to remember and answer comes in no time.

To find square of any number that ends with 5 follow the steps -

Break the number in two parts - only 5 and rest of the numbers.
Add one to the rest of numbers (Find successor of the number).
Multiply the number separated with 5 to it successor.
Get the square by just putting the number obtain in step 3 and '25' in right of it.

Example 1 : Find square of 45?

We have two part - '4' and '5'. Successor of 4 is 5. Product of the two numbers (4 and it successor, by step 3) we get - 4 X 5 = 20. Hence ans were is 2025 (by step4).

So Square of 45 is 2025.

Example 2 : Find square of 125?

We have - 12 and 5 as two parts. Successor of 12 is 13 and their product is 156. So square of 125 would be 15625.

You can do it in no second just multiply the number before 5 with it successor and put 25 to obtain the squares.

Square of Number with base 10 ,100,1000...

For base 10 square of number is easy to find, as you may remember from the table given above. If you forgot follow the rules which will be given here

We Start with the number having base 100. Let Do this with examples.

Example 1 : Square of 103?

We are going to find square of number 103 which is a 3 digit number or with base 100. Hence for square we put three places.

Since 103 is 3 more than 100(the base) we add 3 to the number itself. Here we got 103+3=106; This number will be placed to leftmost place (see the figure).

Next Find the square of 3 (as number is 3 more than base) which is 9. We place this to rest of the remaining places we decided. Since 9 is single digit but we have two places left, so add zero before 9 to make it 09.

Now we have 106 is for leftmost part, 09 for remain two place. Hence Square of 103 is 10609.

Example 2 : Square of 97?

97 is 3 less than 100 so subtract 3 from 97. Here also we will place 3 place so put that 96 at leftmost place. Rest of the two places will be fill with the square of 3 i.e 9, but we put 09 to make two place get filled.

Hence the square of 97 will be 9409.

Find Square of number from 51 to 59 easily

It is very easy to find square of number lies between 50 and 60 that numbers from 51 to 59. You don't need to brush the square just find it at no time. If you remember the square of 100 number than you chances of calculating faster is very high. If you don't follow the trick for number from 51 to 59.
We know 51 to 59 number lies on the base of 25. We take them at base 25 to calculate the square in no time.

Find by how much number is greater than 50, say 51 is 1 more than 50.
Then add that number obtain in step 1 to 25. Say for 51 we get 1 so adding 1 to 25 gives 26.
We will have 4 digit number as square so put square of number obtained in step 1 at unit and tenth places. For 51 we have 1 so square of 1 is 1 hence we will put 01. Next put number obtains in rest of the 2 places. Like for 51 we have 26. Hence obtain the answer. Incase of 51 we get 2601.

Example 1 : Square of 54?

54 - 50 =4, hence first two place will be square of 4 that is 16. Rest two place will be 25+4 = 29. Hence square the square of 54 is 2916.

General Formula to Find square of any Number Quickly

There is a simple general formula to find the square of any number at no time. The formula is given as below -

(ab)² = a².2ab.b²

* b is unit digit of the number, a is rest digits of the number. In right hand side - b is unit place, 2ab at tenth place and rest part is a.

Now Lets understand the formula. Here we have a number ab with b as unit digit and a the other part of the number. Remember this only and we can calculate the square easily.

Example 1 : Square of 23?

In 23 we have a=2 and b=3 so we have,

a² = 4, 2ab = 12, b² = 9

Hence number will be 4.12.9, since only one digit can be at tenth place so take the one to other hundredth place here, then add. So the square of 23 will be 529

Example 2 : Square of 112?

a=11, b=2 for this number

a² = 121, 2ab = 44 and b² = 4 so number we have 121.44.4, We add the 4 taking it to hundredth place. Hence number obtain is 12544 which is correct answer.

Point to remember - we have b² at unit place and 2ab at tenth place for the square so if you get two digit, make sure take the leftmost (tenth part of that) to next place and add it up to obtain the correct squares.

Summary of the Contents

We have learn many methods to calculate the squares. Let summarise it in easy and simple way.

Square of X5 is [(x+1)*x]25

Square of 5X, where X=1 to 9 is [25+X]X² Where X² is two digit number(add zero 01 for 1, 04 for 4 etc)

Square of 100+X is [100+X+X]X² where X²is a three digit number (add to to make them three digit like 001 for 1, 004 for 4)

Square of 100-X is [100-X-X]X² where X²is a three digit number

Similarly you can create for base 1000 etc. If you know any of the other great ways to find the square easily in no time please tell in comments. Don't hesitate to ask anything.

Quantitative Aptitude Shortcuts and Tricks for Bank PO

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Tue, 05 Jul 2022 17:24:00 +0000

Getting Bank job is dreams of many jobseekers in India. Bank Exams in India is getting tough day by day as competion is ramping due lesser no of seats and increase in participarting aspirants. Many candidates which may be counted in lakhs use to appear in various bank exams every year to secure the job of a Bank PO.

Cracking PO exams - one of tough competitive exams in Indian banking is hard for few of the aspirant. It is not hard as if the level is tough but the time is less. It's the time that make many good bank po exam aspirant struggle to score. To beat the time particularly in Quantitative Aptitude and Reasoning is important for scoring more in Bank PO Competitive Exam.

To cut time, make more effective use of time is important thus to have it we need to learn shortcuts. There are many shortcuts which if one start practicing them, helps in exam saving more time hence more chance for attempting questions. More you save time more you attempt the question and hence score greater than ordinary aspirants. In this post We are going to see some good tips and tricks for maths - the Quantitative Aptitude Shortcuts and Tricks for Bank PO.

Tips and Tricks for Data Interpretation

Data Interpretation is very very important for Bank Po exam. In SBI PO exam you will get almost 70-80% questions based on data interpretation. It quite important to have strong hold in this area, for that you need to brush up the calculating speed.

Most of the DI have vast calculation which slow your speed in competition exam. Here are few DI tips and tricks to follow -

Try to attempt DI first and never attempt when you are in last few minutes of Exam.
Always avoid much calculations as much it is possible.
Try to sum up in mind, avoid using pen and paper.
Use Approximation to get the result but be careful.
First try to eliminate the choice without calculation with simple analysis.

Square Root Shortcut Tricks

We are going to learn how to Get square root faster. See the tricks to get square root faster with a simple methodology. This method work for perfect squares.

First We need to write all the the squares which is shown in the image at the right.

Now Find square root of different numbers. Learn this with two examples as given below -

Find Square root of 3249?

To find square root of 3249 we first split it in pair of two from right side (unit and tenth places first). Here we got 32 and 49. Since 49 is in first part, we can clearly see that 9 at the unit place so from the table we find that it is either 3 or 7 for which 9 is at unit place. So we confirmed that our unit part is either 3 or 7.

Next is to find the tenth part. For this we see 32 lies between which squares? From table we know that 32 lies between 25 and 36 i.e.square of 5 and 6. So we take 5 as our tenth place.

We got that 5 must be at tenth place but not sure about unit place. For that we are going to add 1 to 5 which results to 6. Now 5 multiplied by 6 gives 30, which is smaller than 32 our tenth place part hence we are going to take 7 the bigger part as our unit place. If product is large we take smaller one else vice versa.

So from this we get square root of 3249 is 57.

Second Example - Find square root of 2209.

22 and 09 so we have unit 3 or 7 and see 22 appears between 16 and 25 i.e 4 or 5. So take 4. Now 4+1 =5 so 4*5=20, which is less than 22 so take 3 (3 is smaller than 7). Hence our ans is 47.

Tricks to Get Cube Root Faster

Multiply faster with base 100

Multiplication is vast work, it take much time which we cannot effort in competitive exam. We can't lose our valuable time in competition exam, where time is key for success. Let learn how to multiply faster and save out time.

First Example 97 X 94

we need to multiply 97 with 94. See both are of base 100 with 97 is 3 less than 100 while 94 by 6. Hence take -3 and -6(as they are lesser by this much amount to 100) and multiply them to put them at side. (-3)*(-6) = 18, hence put 18.

Next is to either cross add the difference to the 100 with the number, put it to the number obtain in previous part. In cross adding we get same so do either of them and get the desired number. 97+(-6) or 94 +(-3) both give 91.

Hence put 91 just before 18. We obtain 9118 as our answer. See image in right side.

Example with number more than 100 - 103 X 108

103 is 3 more than 100 and 108 to it by 8. So we get 3 and 8 (positive as they are more than 100). Multiply them (3*8) which give 24. Next sum (103+8 or 108+3) which give 111. Thus ans is 11124.

Last Example 106 X 96

106 is 6 more so we take it as +6 while 96 is 4 less than 100 so we take it as -4. Multiply both (6 * -4) we get -24. Since we got negative sign here we need to keep it as side. Nex Cross sum (106+(-4) or 96+6) give 102. Since we got 102 and -24 we can't ans it as 10224 but we have to do something different. Since base is 100 so we keep it as 10200 from which we add -24 or say subtract 24. 10200-24 give 10176,which is our answer.

These are 3 different type of problem get. These principle also rules on base 10, 20 ... or 200,300 ....Try to practice is to make your multiplication fast.

(getCard) #type=(post) #title=(Tricks to Calculate Square of a Number quickly)

Keep reading General Awareness to score more

The General Awareness is the section that helps boost the score with no time. You have concentrate more on current affairs and banking terminology or marketing terms to score high. Do regular reading once all the topics and never miss them. Read all single time a day so you keep remembering them.

Pattern of PO Exams

IBPS PO Exam is conducted in two parts - Prelims and Mains.

The IBPS PO Exam Pattern for the Prelims exam is given below:

IBPS PO Prelims Exam Pattern � Section	Number of Questions	Marks Allotted	Time Allotted
English Language	30	30	20 min
Numerical Ability	35	35	20 min
Reasoning Ability	35	35	20 min
Total	100	100	60 minutes

BPS PO Exam Pattern � Mains
IBPS PO Mains Pattern- Paper	Section	Number of Questions	Marks Allotted	Time Allotted
Objective Test	Reasoning & Computer Aptitude	45	60	60 min
English Language	35	40	40 min
Data Analysis & Interpretation	35	60	45 min
General Awareness, Economy & Banking Awareness	40	40	35 min
Descriptive Test	English Language (Letter Writing & Essay)	2	25	30 min

Tip for Time & Work Problems

You will get fair no of question of Time & Work Problems.
You can save you precious time in exam by just remembering simple tip for Time & Work Problems.

The Formula -

w1m1/d1=w2m2/d2

w is the amount of work,

m is the number of men,

d is the number of days to complete the work.

Tricks to find Compound Interest

To get faster while calculation we need some tricks to follow. In some topics like compound interest the Calculation is vast but with little trick we can make the calculation smaller. Here we are going to use the concept of effective percentage to calculate the compound interest for 2 or more 3 year at a great pace.

Watch the video give below learn tricks to find Compound Interest with little calculation

Why India don't need secularism?

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Thu, 07 Feb 2019 17:20:00 +0000

What is secularism?
Do anyone know?

I don't know secularism but know secularism in India.
In India secularism means exodus, end of Hindu.
Prime example is recent brutal killing of Shri Ramalingam yesterday by so called religion of peace. PFI a muslim supported organisation killed Shri Ramalingam while he was returning to home with his son.

Story started earlier when Shri Ramalingam went to a dalit basti for finding labour for his catering. He saw conversion activity in the area. He protest and teaches the people following religion of peace.

This is not one incident and kind of these are numerous. It happened earlier and till India remain secular.

Have you heard anything about this story in mainstream media? No because he was not akhlakh but Ramalingam.
Where is secular media???
Sleeping???
Where is award wapsi gang?
Where bollywood?

All hypocrite are in thier den. They know Hindu is stupid coward will not do anything. Wake Hindu this happen to Ramalingam today next may be you. Unite and fight against the atrocities happening. If you not fight tomorrow you will extinct, no body will care for you.

Watch the video and it all you friends.

/

Share the video to every and make sure you fight against the atrocities. We demand justice for Ramalingam.

Tweet with hashtag #justiceforramalingham

At last may God bless Ramalingam's family and he rest in peace.

Merger of Bank of Baroda Dena Bank and Vijaya Bank

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Wed, 19 Sep 2018 15:22:00 +0000

The government had decided to merge three PSU banks - Bank of Baroda, Dena Bank and Vijaya Bank. Government had end the speculation of merger of banks with the second merger after merge of SBI with it's associate bank and Bharatiya Mahila Bank. The decision was taken under at a meeting of a ministerial panel called alternative mechanism headed by finance minister Arun Jaitely.

The Banks Merger Out Come

Out of the three banks, Vijay bank is small strongest after Bank of Baroda. While if you see Dena Bank, it would be a burden for new bank come out of merger. Dena bank having alots of problem including the huge NPA and is under the promt corrective action (PCA) framework of RBI. Redcution of NPA and making the strong bank with greater capital is the aim of the government but this doesn't server the purpose.

Third Largest Bank in India

Post merger Merger of Bank of Baroda Dena Bank and Vijaya Bank, the new bank will be third largest bank of India placing ICICI to fouth. The combine business of the new bank will be Rs Rs.14.82 lakh crore.

As on date the Bank of Baroda have 56,361 employees, Vijaya Bank have 15,874 and Dena Bank have 13,440 employees. So, after the proposed merger of the three banks, total employee strength will be around 85,675 the combine total of three. The total number of branches will around 9,500

Merger of two strong and one weak bank

If you see the NPA position of three banks you can clearly say this merger is among two strong and a weak banks.

Bank	Net NPA	Capita Adequacy Ratio
Bank of Baroda	5.40%	12.10%
Vijaya Bank	4.10%	13.90%
Dena Bank	11%	10%

Vijaya Bank has give us hope with an improvement in April to June quarter with gross NPAs at 6.19 percent vs 6.34 percent in the January to March quarter. On the one hand, Bank of Baroda's gross NPAs grew to 12.46 percent in Q1FY19 compared to 12.26 percent in Q4FY18.

SBI Mingle registration on Twitter

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Fri, 26 Aug 2016 19:18:00 +0000

SBI (State Bank of India) the largest Bank in India announced the Social media banking on two platforms – Twitter and Facebook. The Largest Public Sector bank in India announced ‘SBI – MINGLE’ social media banking platform. Ms. Arundhati Bhattacharya, Chairman, SBI Launch the new business initiative on the big day the 61st State Bank Day! In this post we are going to Learn about SBI Mingle registration on Twitter, it features. We also going to learn #hashtag banking and how to use them with SBI MINGLE on Twitter.

Basic Requirements for Using SBI MINGLE

The are two basic requirements for SBI customers to use SBI MINGLE:
1. A Twitter account
2. One time registration for SBI MINGLE through their account number.

Below is few steps for SBI Mingle registration on Twitter

Step 1 : First and the very simple step is to follow @TheOfficialSBI on twitter with you own twitter account, which you want to use for banking purpose.

Step 2 : Every Banking option on Twitter can be done with the Direct Message (DM). So after following the SBI Twitter account you need to direct message to them ‘#Help’. You will get the set of Instructions to follow in your direct message as reply from SBI twitter account. You can Skip this step in process of SBI MINGLE registrations on twitter, as you can directly register with information provided here.

Step 3: You will get the Instructions you DM ‘#Help’, You have to follow the same which we are going to show here. This is one of major step in process of SBI Mingle registration on Twitter as you have to provide your account number. Direct Message @TheOfficialSBI with #SBIreg . You #hashtag as it is mind the upper and lower cases, put space after hashtag. Example is given below –

#SBIreg 34469636473

After sent the DM, you get reply that OTP has been sent to you registered Mobile number and you need DM #regOTP . Kindly check you register mobile number note the OPT received and DM with correct hashtag with the OTP. For example in my case I received the OTP and DM as below-

#regOTP 90921934

After Authentication with OTP you will get DM in your twitter account that you have successfully register on twitter for banking with SBI. You will also get sets of Instruction on how to use Twitter #hashtag for banking. For example You can Check you balance by just DM @TheOfficialSBI #SBIBal as in my case –

#SBIBal 34469636473

After this, you will get reply with the balance in your account! Take a look at Screenshot at below.

The Screenshot here is taken on Twitter APP on Android, while you are free to user SBI Mingle on twitter on any platform via app or using browser. Just have to use the DM feature of Twitter. I here have shown only the Balance enquiry, you should try the other banking Transactions.

Improvement in Technology is key for development of Human Race. First, It was Internet that bring human closer then it was social media that bought many thoughts to one place. Twitter is one of the Places where you are free to express your views to the world. SBI utilized the power of Twitter to grab social media attention on their business.

Services to add up in Future

In Future SBI Customer can able to do the following thing with SBI MINGLE on Twitter –

Cheque book request
Stop Cheque payment
Registration for Mobile Banking
Registration for Internet Banking
SMS alerts
Blocking of ATM/Debit cards (One of the key feature most useful for all customers in case of lost of the cards.)

Final Thoughts

There is SBI MINGLE Android App, though it is just facebook app of SBI not worthy for Twitter users. This service is very good a far as SBI is concern but it still have many miles to go when comare to private companies like ICICI, KOTAK and Axis who have edge over Public sector banks on Social media.

Customer Support

You can tweet to SBI for any help regards to SBI MINGLE on Twitter. You can contact via E-mail - support.mingle@sbi.co.in, give a call at 022-27592092 for any queries.

Hope You like the article and able to do easily SBI MINGLE registration on twitter. Share you views via comments.

Looking to Buy an Apartment in Sarjapur Road

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Fri, 11 Mar 2016 10:07:00 +0000

Hey Folks are you in search of Apartments in Bangalore?

Bangalore/Bengaluru is well know for it climate, it also have rich culture and diversity. There are many Multi National Companies that have headquarter in different location of Bangalore. There are many IT companies like IBM, Yahoo, Google, Microsoft, Oracle, Accenture, Wipro, Infosys, TC, Tech Mahindra situate at multiple location in Bangalore. Like IBM is at Manyata Tech park, Subramanyam Arcade, Golf Link Business park, Golden Enclave, Prasad Technology Park etc. Different locations like Hebbal, Bannerghatta Road, Banashankari, Airport Road, Whitefiled etc. Bangalore is best place for IT professionals with these and many other software companies operating in the area.

As Population growing and many people coming Bangalore in search of Jobs particularly IT jobs the demands of Home is growing. There are many apartments for sale in bangalore in different location of Bangalore. One of Place which I prefer is Sarjapur road, which is one of the growing location Bangalore. As we are going to see new projects from Indian IT giants - Wipro and Infosys who is going to invest in the area, sarjapur has became hot destination for property investment.

If you want to buy a home bangalore, sarjapur road will be a good choice. Buy a Luxury Apartments in Sarjapur Road and aviale the all location at great proximity to your new home. You will find many education institutes close to you homes. There are many Schools and Colleges in the area. For shopping it a great place since there are many shopping complexes as well as Malls in the close by area. For health medicine shops as well Hospitals are in large no in the area. You can entertain yourself with Multiples as well as other cinemas and entertainment zones in sarjapur road.

Sarjapur road is one of ideal location for investment in property. I would suggest to go for investment in this area which is going to give you a good ROI.

Big Data Analytics

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Sat, 05 Mar 2016 04:42:00 +0000

Hey Do you Know about Big Data? Today we are going to see the Big Data and it's importance.

The Unstructural data and the informations that is handled when there is heap of information making thing moderate, which is done by the means of Big Data Technology.

There are numerous Companies who have colossal Unstructural data and the information, they are utilizing the Big Data Real Time Analytics for business. It offers the business some assistance with solving the issue of regularly developing heap of information. Enormous Data can be a major issue when your business is huge. The new innovation of Big Data offers you some assistance with solving the issue. Big Data is new and growing technology which shows a huge scope for both tech as well as business.

Presently we have another innovation coming — Internet of Things, which will use the Big Data Real time investigation.

Tasty Chicken Parmesan Dip Recipe

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Mon, 20 Jul 2015 05:02:00 +0000

Hi! Foodies

Today we are going to have the recipe of Tasty Chicken Parmesan Dip. It is Italian dish use chicken breast in bread crumbs, Parmesan cheese, creams and sauce.

Ingredients

White Chunk Chicken Breast
1/2 cup Italian seasoned bread crumbs
2 tablespoons grated Parmesan cheese
1 cream cheese, softened
1 cup Traditional Italian Sauce
1 cup shredded mozzarella cheese (about 4 ounces)
2 packages hard bread sticks

Instructions

Take White Chunk Chicken Breast in a bowl with Water and completely drained the water from it.
Now take the bread crumbs, Parmesan cheese and the drained chicken in a bowl and stir them.
Next to heat the oven to at the temperature of around 350°F.
You need to spread the cream cheese in the bottom of a pie plate, it should be of a good size. Take the Traditional Italian Sauce spread the half of it over the cream cheese.Now top them with the chicken mixture. Drizzle with the remaining sauce. Take some mozzarella cheese and sprinkle over them .
Place it in the oven and bake for around 20 minutes or until it is hot and bubbling.
Serve the Chicken Parmesan Dip with the bread sticks for dipping.

Ajax jquery delete data without refresh with animation effect

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Sun, 24 May 2015 16:17:00 +0000

With the help of jquery effects we can easily delete data without going to another page. In this jquery tutorial we are going to how to delete data without refresh i.e. delete the data from database as well as from webpage without page refresh. In this tutorial we are going to take advantage of Ajax to do this task. We also going to add some animation effect to it.

Like we have in facebook or twitter, where comments or tweets are deleted without refresh we are going to do the same. It's similar to like deleting comment without taking user to other page. Deleting the data in same page.

First we are going to create a database. Add a table to the database as given below-

[highlight] CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ajax_jquery_add_delete_record` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`content` text NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ; [/highlight]

Next to delete data without refresh with animation effect we have to create a simple form and then add javascript to them. A ajax call file also be created to make the changes occur without any refresh.

First create the form in html as like this -

[highlight]

<div class="form_style">
<textarea name="content_txt" id="contentText" cols="45" rows="5" placeholder="Write what you are upto"></textarea>
<img src="images/loading.gif" id="LoadingImage" style="display:none" />
<button id="FormSubmit">Update Your Status</button>
</div>

[/highlight]

With this form we are going to get the text and update the status in the database. To make the ajax call we have to write jquery function. The jquery function to delete data without refresh is given as -

[highlight]

<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function() {

//##### send add record Ajax request to response.php #########
$("#FormSubmit").click(function (e) {
e.preventDefault();
if($("#contentText").val()==='')
{
alert("Please enter some text!");
return false;
}

$("#FormSubmit").hide(); //hide submit button
$("#LoadingImage").show(); //show loading image

var myData = 'content_txt='+ $("#contentText").val(); //build a post data structure
jQuery.ajax({
type: "POST", // HTTP method POST or GET
url: "response.php", //Where to make Ajax calls
dataType:"text", // Data type, HTML, json etc.
data:myData, //Form variables
success:function(response){
$("#responds").append(response);
$("#contentText").val(''); //empty text field on successful
$("#FormSubmit").show(); //show submit button
$("#LoadingImage").hide(); //hide loading image

},
error:function (xhr, ajaxOptions, thrownError){
$("#FormSubmit").show(); //show submit button
$("#LoadingImage").hide(); //hide loading image
alert(thrownError);
}
});
});

//##### Send delete Ajax request to response.php #########
$("body").on("click", "#responds .del_button", function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
var clickedID = this.id.split('-'); //Split ID string (Split works as PHP explode)
var DbNumberID = clickedID[1]; //and get number from array
var myData = 'recordToDelete='+ DbNumberID; //build a post data structure

$('#item_'+DbNumberID).addClass( "sel" ); //change background of this element by adding class
$(this).hide(); //hide currently clicked delete button

jQuery.ajax({
type: "POST", // HTTP method POST or GET
url: "response.php", //Where to make Ajax calls
dataType:"text", // Data type, HTML, json etc.
data:myData, //Form variables
success:function(response){
//on success, hide element user wants to delete.
$('#item_'+DbNumberID).fadeOut();
},
error:function (xhr, ajaxOptions, thrownError){
//On error, we alert user
alert(thrownError);
}
});
});

});
</script>

[/highlight]

Download Script View Live

The ready event in jQuery

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Sun, 17 May 2015 16:15:00 +0000

As mentioned in examples of events in jquery ready event in jquery contains all other functions. The ready event occurs when the DOM (document object model) has been loaded, and the page has been fully loaded (including images). It's good practice to wait for the document to be fully loaded and ready, before working with it. Thus ready event in jQuery must enclose all other events, functions and triggers.

The inclusion of other events inside the ready event in jQuery, allows to have JavaScript code before the body document, in the head section, either directly or through a link to an external JavaScript file. This is done by just placing the code inside the document ready event. Let get understand use of ready event in jQuery as an example.

<div id="test1"></div>
<script type="text/javascript">
function DocumentReady()
{
        $("#test1").text("Hello, world!");   
}

$(document).ready(DocumentReady);
</script>

What we do here is that we create a function, called DocumentReady, which should be fired as soon as the document is ready for DOM manipulation. In the last line, we use the ready() method to assign our function to the ready event, to tell jQuery that as soon as the document is ready, we want it to call our function.

However, we can shorten this a bit by using an anonymous function of JavaScript instead. This basically just means that instead of declaring the function and giving it a name, we simply create it and then immediately passes the reference to the ready() function. If you're new to JavaScript, then this might seem overly complicated, but as you get used to it, you might appreciate the fewer keystrokes and the less space needed to accomplish the same:

Check this example!

<div id="test2"></div>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function()
{
        $("#test2").text("Hello, world!");   
});
</script>

But of course, this wasn't even short enough for the jQuery team, so they decided to create a version (overload) of the jQuery constructor which takes a ready function as a parameter, to make it even shorter:

Check this example!

<div id="test3"></div>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function()
{
        $("#test3").text("Hello, world!");   
});
</script>

In the last example, our anonymous function is passed directly to the jQuery constructor, which assigns it to the ready event. As you will see when you test the code, the event is fired as soon as the page is loaded, most of the time so fast that you won't even realize it.

As already described, wrapping your code in the ready event function is best practice for working with jQuery in your document, and therefore you will see this tutorial using the approach in most of the examples, unless skipped to keep example sizes down.

Know about jQuery effects

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Sun, 10 May 2015 16:14:00 +0000

The jQuery library provides several techniques for adding animation to a web page. There are many jQuery effects which will provides to do various kind of amazing effects with web interface. The jQuery API have many jQuery methods allow us to quickly apply commonly used effects, the jQuery effects. This tutorial deals with important jQuery effects.

Basic jQuery effects

Showing and Hiding Elements with jQuery

There are two functions, hide() and show() for showing and hiding any DOM elements. 
Syntax :

.show( duration [, easing ] [, complete ] )
.hide( duration [, easing ] [, complete ] )

Where the meanings are -

duration (default: 400)
- Type: Number or String
- A string or number determining how long the animation will run.
easing (default: swing)
- Type: Number or String
- A string or number determining how long the animation will run.

$(selector).hide(speed,callback);
$(selector).show(speed,callback);

$("#hide").click(function(){
  $("p").hide();
});

$("#show").click(function(){
  $("p").show();
});

jQuery events with examples

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Sun, 03 May 2015 16:12:00 +0000

We have learn about the syntax of jQuery. The syntax have two major part in it, one the selector and other the events. We already gone through the lists of selectors, now time to take few step toward the jQuery events.

jQuery Selectors

$(‘*’): This selector selects all the elements in the document.
$(“p > *”): This selector selects all elements that are children of a paragraph element.
$(“#specialID”): This selector function gets the element with id=”specialID”.
$(“.specialClass”): This selector gets all the elements that have the class ofspecialClass.
$(“li:not(.myclass)”): Selects all elements matched by <li> that do not have.
$(“a#specialID.specialClass”): This selector matches links with an id of specialID and a class of specialClass.
$(“p a.specialClass”): This selector matches links with a class of specialClass declared within <p> elements.
$(“ul li:first”): This selector gets only the first <li> element of the <ul>.
$(“#container p”): Selects all elements matched by <p> that are descendants of an element that has an id of container.
$(“li > ul”): Selects all elements matched by <ul> that are children of an element matched by <li>
$(“strong + em”): Selects all elements matched by <em> that immediately follow a sibling element matched by <strong>.
$(“p ~ ul”): Selects all elements matched by <ul> that follow a sibling element matched by <p>.
$(“code, em, strong”): Selects all elements matched by <code> or <em> or <strong>.
$(“p strong, .myclass”): Selects all elements matched by <strong> that are descendants of an element matched by <p> as well as all elements that have a class ofmyclass.
$(“:empty”): Selects all elements that have no children.
$(“p:empty”): Selects all elements matched by <p> that have no children.
$(“div[p]”): Selects all elements matched by <div> that contain an element matched by <p>.
$(“p[.myclass]”): Selects all elements matched by <p> that contain an element with a class of myclass.
$(“a[@rel]”): Selects all elements matched by <a> that have a rel attribute.
$(“input[@name=myname]”): Selects all elements matched by <input> that have a name value exactly equal to myname.
$(“input[@name^=myname]”): Selects all elements matched by <input> that have a name value beginning with myname.
$(“a[@rel$=self]”): Selects all elements matched by <p> that have a class value ending with bar
$(“a[@href*=domain.com]”): Selects all elements matched by <a> that have an href value containing domain.com.
$(“li:even”): Selects all elements matched by <li> that have an even index value.
$(“tr:odd”): Selects all elements matched by <tr> that have an odd index value.
$(“li:first”): Selects the first <li> element.
$(“li:last”): Selects the last <li> element.
$(“li:visible”): Selects all elements matched by <li> that are visible.
$(“li:hidden”): Selects all elements matched by <li> that are hidden.
$(“:radio”): Selects all radio buttons in the form.
$(“:checked”): Selects all checked boxex in the form.
$(“:input”): Selects only form elements (input, select, textarea, button).
$(“:text”): Selects only text elements (input[type=text]).
$(“li:eq(2)”): Selects the third <li> element
$(“li:eq(4)”): Selects the fifth <li> element
$(“li:lt(2)”): Selects all elements matched by <li> element before the third one; in other words, the first two <li> elements.
$(“p:lt(3)”): selects all elements matched by <p> elements before the fourth one; in other words the first three <p> elements.
$(“li:gt(1)”): Selects all elements matched by <li> after the second one.
$(“p:gt(2)”): Selects all elements matched by <p> after the third one.
$(“div/p”): Selects all elements matched by <p> that are children of an element matched by <div>.
$(“div//code”): Selects all elements matched by <code>that are descendants of an element matched by <div>.
$(“//p//a”): Selects all elements matched by <a> that are descendants of an element matched by <p>
$(“li:first-child”): Selects all elements matched by <li> that are the first child of their parent.
$(“li:last-child”): Selects all elements matched by <li> that are the last child of their parent.
$(“:parent”): Selects all elements that are the parent of another element, including text.
$(“li:contains(second)”): Selects all elements matched by <li> that contain the text second.

For more detailed documentation on jQuery Selectors visit the Jquery official documentation page about selectors.

What are Events?

The action of the user to which the browser response from the web page is the event. The event is either mouse click, key press, radio button or checkbox selection etc.

Like JavaScript, jQuery act on the DOM events. Below is list of few events -

Mouse Events	Keyboard Events	Form Events	Document/Window Events
click	keypress	submit	load
dblclick	keydown	change	resize
mouseenter	keyup	focus	scroll
mouseleave		blur	unload

jQuery Events Examples

Example 1: click event

$("p").click(function(){
$(this).hide();
}); (code-box)

This will select the p element and on click by user hide it.

Example 2: mouse hover event

$("#mousehover").hover(function(){
alert("You mouser the element!");
});(code-box)

This function will alert the message, when mouser is hover over the element with id mousehover.

Example 3: blur event

$("input").blur(function(){
  $(this).css("background-color","yellow");
});(code-box)

This function will on blur over any input element, changes the background color of that element to yellow.
Example4: focus event

$("input").focus(function(){
  $(this).css("background-color","red");
});(code-box)

This function will on focus over any input element, changes the background color of that element to red. When focus is out it will back to it original color (backed by blur).

Example 5: change event

$("input").change(function(){
 alert("Text successfully changed.");
 $(this).css("background-color","#ccc");
 });(code-box)

This function will alert the message and changes background color to mentioned color code of input element. This happens when text is tried to changed in the input element.

Example 6: keypress event

$("input").keypress(function(){
 $("span").text(i+=1);
 });(code-box)

This function will add up the text count by one, each time a key get pressed by user.

Example 7: select event

$("input").select(function(){
 alert("Text selected!");
 });(code-box)

This function will alert the message when the text inside input element is selected.

Example 8: submit event

$("form").submit(function(){
 alert("Submitted");
 });(code-box)

This event alert if form with name attribute of 'form' get submitted by user on submit button click.

Example 9: scroll event

$("div").scroll(function(){
 $("span").text(x+=1);
 });(code-box)

This event will count and increase the number by one in text as user scroll either up or down.

Example 10: ready event

This is most important event. The ready event occurs when the DOM (document object model) has been loaded, and the page has been fully loaded (including images). Since this event loads as DOM load so it is a good practice to place all the other jQuery events and functions inside it.

$(document).ready(function(){
$("p").click(function(){
$(this).hide();
});
$("input").keypress(function(){
$("span").text(i+=1);
});
});(code-box)

As seen this event perform other two task as mentioned above.

List of jQuery Selectors

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Sun, 26 Apr 2015 16:03:00 +0000

The jQuery is the collections of scripts written in JavaScript to perform various task including the document traversal and manipulation, event handling, animation etc. The syntax of jQuery was listed, where we go through the selectors. Now giving you the complete list of jQuery Selectors.

jQuery Selectors

$('*'): This selector selects all the elements in the document.
$("p > *"): This selector selects all elements that are children of a paragraph element.
$("#specialID"): This selector function gets the element with id="specialID".
$(".specialClass"): This selector gets all the elements that have the class ofspecialClass.
$("li:not(.myclass)"): Selects all elements matched by <li> that do not have.
$("a#specialID.specialClass"): This selector matches links with an id of specialID and a class of specialClass.
$("p a.specialClass"): This selector matches links with a class of specialClass declared within <p> elements.
$("ul li:first"): This selector gets only the first <li> element of the <ul>.
$("#container p"): Selects all elements matched by <p> that are descendants of an element that has an id of container.
$("li > ul"): Selects all elements matched by <ul> that are children of an element matched by <li>
$("strong + em"): Selects all elements matched by <em> that immediately follow a sibling element matched by <strong>.
$("p ~ ul"): Selects all elements matched by <ul> that follow a sibling element matched by <p>.
$("code, em, strong"): Selects all elements matched by <code> or <em> or <strong>.
$("p strong, .myclass"): Selects all elements matched by <strong> that are descendants of an element matched by <p> as well as all elements that have a class ofmyclass.
$(":empty"): Selects all elements that have no children.
$("p:empty"): Selects all elements matched by <p> that have no children.
$("div[p]"): Selects all elements matched by <div> that contain an element matched by <p>.
$("p[.myclass]"): Selects all elements matched by <p> that contain an element with a class of myclass.
$("a[@rel]"): Selects all elements matched by <a> that have a rel attribute.
$("input[@name=myname]"): Selects all elements matched by <input> that have a name value exactly equal to myname.
$("input[@name^=myname]"): Selects all elements matched by <input> that have a name value beginning with myname.
$("a[@rel$=self]"): Selects all elements matched by <p> that have a class value ending with bar
$("a[@href*=domain.com]"): Selects all elements matched by <a> that have an href value containing domain.com.
$("li:even"): Selects all elements matched by <li> that have an even index value.
$("tr:odd"): Selects all elements matched by <tr> that have an odd index value.
$("li:first"): Selects the first <li> element.
$("li:last"): Selects the last <li> element.
$("li:visible"): Selects all elements matched by <li> that are visible.
$("li:hidden"): Selects all elements matched by <li> that are hidden.
$(":radio"): Selects all radio buttons in the form.
$(":checked"): Selects all checked boxex in the form.
$(":input"): Selects only form elements (input, select, textarea, button).
$(":text"): Selects only text elements (input[type=text]).
$("li:eq(2)"): Selects the third <li> element
$("li:eq(4)"): Selects the fifth <li> element
$("li:lt(2)"): Selects all elements matched by <li> element before the third one; in other words, the first two <li> elements.
$("p:lt(3)"): selects all elements matched by <p> elements before the fourth one; in other words the first three <p> elements.
$("li:gt(1)"): Selects all elements matched by <li> after the second one.
$("p:gt(2)"): Selects all elements matched by <p> after the third one.
$("div/p"): Selects all elements matched by <p> that are children of an element matched by <div>.
$("div//code"): Selects all elements matched by <code>that are descendants of an element matched by <div>.
$("//p//a"): Selects all elements matched by <a> that are descendants of an element matched by <p>
$("li:first-child"): Selects all elements matched by <li> that are the first child of their parent.
$("li:last-child"): Selects all elements matched by <li> that are the last child of their parent.
$(":parent"): Selects all elements that are the parent of another element, including text.
$("li:contains(second)"): Selects all elements matched by <li> that contain the text second.

For more detailed documentation on jQuery Selectors visit the Jquery official documentation page about selectors.

Best Books to learn jQuery

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Sun, 19 Apr 2015 16:01:00 +0000

Learning Jquery is best things to do for a web developer. If you want to boost your career in the field of web designing and development, learning Jquery is must. Books are great way of learning. So we need some Best Books to learn jQuery. Before we go through the books we choose we need why we learn jQuery and those books. There are many benefits of learning jQuery -

Easy to make beautiful UI design.
Get many solutions for you websites.
Easy to customize your website with plugins.
Use your own widgets and plugin as per your need.
Better develop your mobile site.

With the those benefits mentioned above, we can have great experience with jQuery. To get best in web development we need to increases our skills. The skills in jQuery will boost our growth in the field of web development and web designing. As with jquery we not only will design better UI for desktop but also for mobiles. Get few of the best books and learn Jquery today.

Below is some Best Books to learn jQuery -

A part from the above books there few books for quick reference.These books are easier to grab in little times, they are light and easy to get reference. Best Books to learn jQuery for reference purpose are -

Combine the power of jQuery with best blogging platform of WordPress to get excellent result. Buy the book below get combined result of jQuery and wordpress in your skills.

Also few Best Books to learn jQuery and their purpose and usefulness is listed below.

Professionals books - For the Advance learner these add supplement to them.
Practice books -
- Buy jQuery Recipes: A Problem-Solution Approach
- Developing Web Pages with jQuery

As per your requirements and your stage of learning choose any of these books and master the power of jQuery. The skill of jquery will help you alot. Good luck !

Cyanogen releases Lollipop (Cyanogen OS 12 ) update for YU Yureka

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Sat, 18 Apr 2015 03:09:00 +0000

The much waited Lollipop(Cyanogen OS 12 ) update for Micromax YU Yureka is out. Cyanogen OS 12 is take on Android 5.0 Lollipop, by Cyanogen Inc. with some customization. This update was due since YU first reveled on facebook page for 26 March. The update will roll out to every user within 3 days. Check for update in your Yureka phone, go to setting->about phone->system update and check it if available for your phone.

This update will come with Google's Material Design, notification enhancements, multitasking changes and more, there are a few Cyanogen-specific changes as well.

How to use jquery API

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Sun, 12 Apr 2015 15:54:00 +0000

In the introduction of jquery we told that jquery is the collections of scripts written in JavaScript to perform various task including the document traversal and manipulation, event handling, animation etc. We also expressed some of the benefits of using the jquery libraries. Now we are talking how to utilize the features of jquery and jquery API.

Including the jQuery library

To use jQuery library, we have to first include it in our web page or link it. The jQuery library is a single JavaScript file which contains all - common DOM, event, effects, and Ajax functions. To take advantage of it just download the javascript file of jquery from the website. After downloading the file, call it in your page.

<script type="text/javascript" src="jquery.js"></script>

Alternatively you can call the api from the internet sites like of Google

<script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js"></script&gt

jQuery Syntax

The jQuery syntax is very easy, it's tailor made for selecting HTML element(s). After the selection, some action is defined on the element(s) selected .

Basic syntax is: $(selector).action()

A $ sign to define/access jQuery.
A (selector) to "query (or find)" HTML element(s).
A jQuery action() to be performed on the element(s).

jQuery Selectors

The jquery selectors are identical to the CSS selectors. Like CSS, jQuery also uses three different ways of selecting the elements, either by the name, id or the class attributes. These selectors are respectively called as element selectors, id selectors and class selectors.

Tag Attributes	Description
Name (element selectors)	Uses the tag name available in the DOM. Syntax - $('element')For example $('p')selects all paragraphs in the document.
ID (#id selectors)	Uses the tag available with the given ID in the DOM. Syntax - $('#idname')For example$('#wrapper') selects the single element in the document that has an ID of wrapper.
Class (.class selectors)	Uses the tag available with the given class in the DOM. Syntax - $('.classname')For example $('.button') selects all elements in the document that have a class of button.

The actions that is performed on the elements are same as the javascript actions.

The Document Ready Function

To load the script as page get loaded, there is ready event in jQuery. Thi helps in manipulating the script as the document is ready. In the ready event function you can call the script written in jQuery.

$( document ).ready(function() {

// Your code here.

});

Final words - These are just basics of jQuery API, how to use them. There are alot more things to go in future posts. Keep in touch and go through them.

Introduction to Jquery

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Sun, 05 Apr 2015 15:49:00 +0000

Today's is the era of internet. From it's beginning to now, internet have changed time to time. The internet or the world wide web being part of life. From searching things, shopping, listening songs, watching videos, playing games, chatting etc there many things where one engage on internet. It is one of the tool of communication as well as used for entertainment. As internet changes the challenges roses in front of developers. In this modern fast changing web world developers faced many challenges while designing and developing the websites. Today we introducing, Jquery one of the important technology which changes the way developers designing and developing the websites.

What is Jquery?

The jQuery is the collections of scripts written in JavaScript to perform various task including the document traversal and manipulation, event handling, animation etc. It makes the coding easier for web developers. It helps resolve the cross browser compatibility. See what wikipedia have to say about the jquery -

jQuery is a cross-browser JavaScript library designed to simplify the client-side scripting of HTML

The jQuery has it slogan of "write less, do more" which it perfectly imitates. With it versatility and extensibility API jquery have helped many developers. With jquery web application or widgets, plugins, extensions etc became easy to design and develop as well as in making them compatible with for future revision.

Advantages of using jQuery

Open source libraries.
Detailed documentation and examples.
Ease to use the scripts.
Cross browser compatibility (including IE6).
Ajax supports and light weight.
Better UI and Mobile design.

More than 65% of websites today using this library. It is the most popular javascript library. It is widely used by most of biggest internet companies like - wikipedia, wordpress, Microsoft etc.

Visit the Jquery website

Kabhi Khud Pe Kabhi Haalat Pe Video with Lyrics - Mohd Rafi

noreply@blogger.com (Rajeev) — Sun, 29 Mar 2015 08:46:00 +0000

Here is another evergreen song featuring evergreen actor Dev Anand from 1961 movie Hum Dono. The song sing by great Mohd Rafi, music by Jaidev.

See the Kabhi Khud Pe Kabhi Haalat Pe Video. You can find the Kabhi Khud Pe Kabhi Haalat Pe Lyrics below the video. Enjoy and share.

Movie: Hum Dono
Lyrics : Sahir
Music Director: Jaidev
Singers: Mohammad Rafi
Director: Amarjeet

Enjoy this super hit song from the 1961 movie Hum Dono starring Dev Anand, Sadhana, Nanda, Leela Chitnis, Jagirdar, Lalita Pawar, Jagdish Raj and Rashid Khan.

Kabhi Khud Pe Kabhi Haalat Pe Lyrics

kabhi khud pe
kabhi khud pe kabhi halat pe rona aaya...
kabhi khud pe, kabhi khud pe kabhi halat pe rona aaya...
baat nikli to har, ek baat pe rona aaya...
baat nikli to har, ek baat pe rona...

hum to samjhe the ki, ham bhul gaye hai unko
hum to samjhe the,
hum to samjhe the ki ham bhul gaye hai unko
kya huya aaj, ye kis baat pe rona aaya
kya huya aaj, ye kis baat pe rona aaya
kabhi khud pe, kabhi halat pe rona...

kisliye jite hai ham
kisliye jite hai ham, kis ke liye jite hai...
baharawa aise, sawalat pe rona... aaya
baharawa aise, sawalat pe rona aaya, kabhi khud pe

kon rota hai kisi aur, ki khatir a dost
kon rota hai kisi aur, ki khatir a dost
sabko apni hi kisi, baat pe rona aaya...
sabko apni hi kisi, baat pe rona aaya...
kabhi khud pe, kabhi khud pe kabhi halat pe rona aaya
baat nikli to, har ek baat pe rona aaya...

Download Kabhi Khud Pe Kabhi Haalat Pe mp3 free *

* Not Hosted by me

Number	Square	Number	Square	Number	Square
1	1	11	121	21	441
2	4	12	144	22	484
3	9	13	169	23	529
4	16	14	196	24	576
5	25	15	225	25	625
6	36	16	256	26	676
7	49	17	289	27	729
8	64	18	324	28	784
9	81	19	361	29	841
10	100	20	400	30	900

Number	Square	Number	Square	Number	Square
1	1	11	121	21	441
2	4	12	144	22	484
3	9	13	169	23	529
4	16	14	196	24	576
5	25	15	225	25	625
6	36	16	256	26	676
7	49	17	289	27	729
8	64	18	324	28	784
9	81	19	361	29	841
10	100	20	400	30	900

Rajeev Blogs

BRICS Summit 2026: Dates, Agenda and Key Outcomes

Overview

Dates and official programme

Central diplomatic outcome

Major issues discussed

1. Global governance and the Global South

2. Trade, tariffs and sanctions

3. No common BRICS currency

4. West Asia and the Middle East

5. Terrorism and the Pahalgam attack

6. Artificial intelligence and technology

7. India-led initiatives

Significance of the summit

Conclusion

How to Type Math Symbols on a Windows Keyboard: Shortcuts, Unicode, Word, and AI-Friendly Methods

Most-used Greek letters for engineering (Alt codes)

In Microsoft Word / Office: Unicode + Alt+X (very handy)

If you type Greek constantly: add a Greek keyboard

Practical workflow suggestion for engineering

FIFA World Cup 2026: A Historic Tournament That Redefined Global Football

FIFA World Cup 2026: Tournament Summary

Knockout Stage Results

Final Standings

Tournament Overview

Group Stage

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Group E

Group F

Group G

Group H

Group I

Group J

Group K

Group L

Knockout Stage

Tournament Timeline

Group Stage

Round of 32

Round of 16

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Grand Final

🏆 Champions

SPAIN

A Legacy of Legends: Charting the ICC Men's Cricketer of the Year Winners

Key Points from 2004–2024

OpenGL Geometric Primitives and Menus

OpenGL Programming Topics for 2025

Jalebi Fafda Recipe Gujarati Snacks

About Jalebi Fafda?

Jalebi Recipe - How to Make Jalebi

Cook Time

Ingredients

Preparation for jalebi batter - jalebi recipe

Preparation for Sugar Syrup - Jalebi recipe

Fry Jalebi - Sweet Jalebi-recipe

How to make Fafda - Gujarati Snacks Fafda Recipe

Cook Time

Ingredients

For Dough:

For Frying:

Fafda Step by Step Recipe

Tricks to Calculate Square of a Number quickly

Square of Number 1-30

Find Squares of Numbers ending with 5

Square of Number with base 10 ,100,1000...

Find Square of number from 51 to 59 easily

General Formula to Find square of any Number Quickly

(ab)2 = a2.2ab.b2

Summary of the Contents

Quantitative Aptitude Shortcuts and Tricks for Bank PO

Tips and Tricks for Data Interpretation

Square Root Shortcut Tricks

Tricks to Get Cube Root Faster

Multiply faster with base 100

Keep reading General Awareness to score more

(ab)² = a².2ab.b²

Number	Square	Number	Square	Number	Square
1	1	11	121	21	441
2	4	12	144	22	484
3	9	13	169	23	529
4	16	14	196	24	576
5	25	15	225	25	625
6	36	16	256	26	676
7	49	17	289	27	729
8	64	18	324	28	784
9	81	19	361	29	841
10	100	20	400	30	900