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<title><![CDATA[Research on Educational Technology]]></title>
<description><![CDATA[These are some of the articles that I have collected for my doctoral dissertation on Educational Technology. My research focus will be online discussion forums. I welcome your comments for interesting books or articles that I should include.]]></description>
<refworks:publisher>RefWorks</refworks:publisher>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=272">
<title><![CDATA[Yeshivat He'Atid]]></title>
<refworks:t2><![CDATA[Lookjed]]></refworks:t2>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Berger,S.]]></dc:creator>
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Online Discussion Forum/Blogs]]></refworks:rwtype>
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/12/2011 5:06:05 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/12/2011 5:06:05 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=272</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[7/07/2011]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[272]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:ul><![CDATA[http://lookstein.org/lookjed/read.php?1,19789,19789]]></refworks:ul>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Electronic(1)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2011]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=271">
<title><![CDATA[Analysing high school students' participation and interaction in an asynchronous online project-based learning environment]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Lang,Q.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Australasian Journal of Educational Technology]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[3]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[26]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[327]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[340]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/7/2011 6:46:44 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/7/2011 6:47:06 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=271</link>
<refworks:lk><![CDATA[http://ascilite.org.au/ajet/ajet26/quek.html]]></refworks:lk>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[271]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Electronic(1)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2010]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=270">
<title><![CDATA[Student Interactions in Online Discussion Forum: Empirical Research from â€˜Media Richness Theoryâ€™ Perspective]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Balaji,M. Chakrabarti, D.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Journal of Interactive Online Learning]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[1]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[9]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[1]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[22]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/7/2011 6:27:15 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/7/2011 6:45:07 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=270</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[270]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2010]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=269">
<title><![CDATA[Assessing the effectiveness of a voluntary online discussion forum on improving students' course performance]]></title>
<refworks:t2><![CDATA[Serious Games]]></refworks:t2>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Cheng,Cho Kin]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ ParÃ©,Dwayne E.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Collimore,Lisa-Marie]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Joordens,Steve]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Computers & Education]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[1]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[56]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[253]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[261]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/7/2011 6:10:13 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/7/2011 6:10:42 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=269</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[/1]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Discussion forum]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Performance]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Page hits]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Lurking]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[M3: doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2010.07.024]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[0360-1315]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:lk><![CDATA[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360131510002198]]></refworks:lk>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[269]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:jo><![CDATA[Comput.Educ.]]></refworks:jo>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Electronic(1)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2011]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=268">
<title><![CDATA[Using "Think-Time" and "Wait-Time" Skillfully in the Classroom.]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Stahl,Robert J.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ ERIC Clearinghouse for Social Studies/Social Science Education, Bloomington, IN]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[Students must have uninterrupted periods of time to process information, to reflect on what has been said, observed, or done, and to consider what their personal responses will be. After at least three seconds of uninterrupted silence, a significant number of positive outcomes occur for students and teachers. Students are more effective in completing cognitive tasks in particular situations. The teacher's job is to manage and guide what occurs prior to and immediately following each period of silence so that the processing that needs to occur is completed. Eight categories of periods of silence name the place they occur or the primary function the silences perform during conversations and discussions: (1) post-teacher question wait-time; (2) within-student's response pause-time; (3) post-student's response wait-time; (4) student pause-time; (5) teacher pause-time; (6) within-teacher presentation pause-time; (7) student task-completion work-time; and (8) impact pause-time. Contians 8 references. (Author/CK)]]></description>
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Generic]]></refworks:rwtype>
<refworks:created><![CDATA[8/23/2010 7:09:41 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[8/23/2010 7:09:55 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=268</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[1994-05-00]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Cognitive Processes]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Inquiry]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Learning Processes]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Responses]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Student Reaction]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Teacher Response]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Classroom Communication]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Questioning Techniques]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Teacher Student Relationship]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Time Factors (Learning)]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Wait Time]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ ERIC Digests]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Think Time]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[4 p.; Note(s): Contract No: RR93002014/ Audience: Researchers/ Teachers/ Practitioners/ Report: EDO-SO-94-3; Associated Inst: Office of Educational Research and Improvement (ED), Washington, DC.; Date of Entry: 1994; RIEOCT1994]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:av><![CDATA[Connect to the YULIS catalog at Yeshiva University; Level: 1]]></refworks:av>
<refworks:la><![CDATA[English]]></refworks:la>
<refworks:sf><![CDATA[ERIC; Document (ED); OCLC; ERIC]]></refworks:sf>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[268]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[ED370885]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Electronic(1)]]></refworks:sr></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=267">
<title><![CDATA[Mary Budd Rowe: a storyteller of science]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bianchini,Julie]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Cultural Studies of Science Education]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[4]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[3]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[799]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[810]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[8/23/2010 6:32:25 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[8/23/2010 6:32:25 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=267</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[267]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2008]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=266">
<title><![CDATA[Think Time]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Egan,Teresa M.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Cobb,Beth]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Anastasia,Marion]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[The introduction of research-based formative assessments in learning environments can empower teachers to try new practices in their daily instructions. This framework provides teachers with regular meeting time in teacher learning communities, where they can discuss and receive feedback on newly introduced practices. Keeping Learning on Track, a professional development training for schools to close gaps in student achievement, was introduced on a pilot basis in St. Johnsbury School in Vermont. The program led to a transformation in classroom culture, from a teaching-centered to a learning-centered culture, due to changes in the beliefs and attitudes of teachers.]]></description>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Journal of Staff Development]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[4]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[30]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[40]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[2, 44-5]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[8/23/2010 6:11:41 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[8/23/2010 6:11:55 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=266</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[Fall]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Educational measurements/Teacher education in service]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Classroom assessment techniques]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Education]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[PD: Illustration]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[0276-928X]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:la><![CDATA[English]]></refworks:la>
<refworks:sf><![CDATA[Feature Article]]></refworks:sf>
<refworks:lk><![CDATA[HTML: http://vnweb.hwwilsonweb.com/hww/jumpstart.jhtml?recid=0bc05f7a67b1790ece4c9c54a13966a6f47eaf44b4e4f659782a782ff734aa3544010cb0cf33e3ea&fmt=HPDF: http://vnweb.hwwilsonweb.com/hww/jumpstart.jhtml?recid=0bc05f7a67b1790ece4c9c54a13966a6f47eaf44b4e4f659782a782ff734aa3544010cb0cf33e3ea&fmt=P]]></refworks:lk>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[266]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[200928802131008]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Electronic(1)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2009]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=265">
<title><![CDATA[Recent contributions to the theory of distance education]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Moore,M. G.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[3]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[5]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[10]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[15]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/27/2010 8:26:41 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/27/2010 8:26:41 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=265</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[265]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[1990]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=264">
<title><![CDATA[Three types of interaction.]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Moore,M. G.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[The American Journal of Distance Education]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[2]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[3]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[1]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[6]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/27/2010 8:19:11 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/27/2010 8:19:11 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=264</link>
<refworks:lk><![CDATA[http://www.ajde.com/Contents/vol3_2.htm]]></refworks:lk>
<refworks:rd><![CDATA[July 27, 2010]]></refworks:rd>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[264]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[1989]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=263">
<title><![CDATA[Evaluating the use of synchronous communication in two blended courses]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Cox,G.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Carr,T.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Hall,M.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Journal of Computer Assisted Learning]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[3]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[20]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[183]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[193]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/27/2010 2:09:31 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/27/2010 2:09:31 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=263</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[263]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2004]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=262">
<title><![CDATA[A community of practice approach to the development of non-traditional learners through networked learning]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Guldberg,K.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Pilkington,R.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Journal of Computer Assisted Learning]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[22]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[159]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[171]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/27/2010 1:43:34 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/27/2010 1:43:34 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=262</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[262]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2006]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=261">
<title><![CDATA[The Tutorâ€™s Role: An investigation of the power of Exchange
Structure Analysis to identify different roles in CMC seminars]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kneser,C.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Pilkington,R.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Treasure-Jones,T.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[12]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[63]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[84]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/27/2010 1:41:32 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/27/2010 1:41:32 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=261</link>
<refworks:lk><![CDATA[http://iaied.org/pub/1100/]]></refworks:lk>
<refworks:rd><![CDATA[July 27, 2010]]></refworks:rd>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[261]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2001]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=260">
<title><![CDATA[Collaborative distance learning and computer conferencing]]></title>
<refworks:t2><![CDATA[Advanced educational technology: research issues and future potential Vol. 145]]></refworks:t2>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Henri,F.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Rigault,C.]]></dc:creator>
<refworks:a2><![CDATA[Liao,T.]]></refworks:a2>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[Springer]]></dc:publisher>
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Book, Section]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[45]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[76]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/27/2010 1:08:06 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/27/2010 1:08:06 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=260</link>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[N.Y.]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[260]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[1996]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=259">
<title><![CDATA[Computer conferencing and content analysis]]></title>
<refworks:t2><![CDATA[Collaborative Learning through computer conferencing: The Najaden papers]]></refworks:t2>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Henri,F.]]></dc:creator>
<refworks:a2><![CDATA[Kaye,A. R.]]></refworks:a2>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[Springer-Verlag]]></dc:publisher>
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Book, Section]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[117]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[136]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/27/2010 1:06:07 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/27/2010 1:06:13 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=259</link>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[London]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[259]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[1992]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=258">
<title><![CDATA[Online education: an environment for collaboration and intellectual amplification.]]></title>
<refworks:t2><![CDATA[Online education: perspectives on a new environment]]></refworks:t2>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Harasim,L. (Ed ).]]></dc:creator>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[Praeger]]></dc:publisher>
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Book, Section]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[39]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[66]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/27/2010 12:48:04 AM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/27/2010 12:48:04 AM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=258</link>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[New York]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[258]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[1990]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=257">
<title><![CDATA[Sequential analysis of group interaction and critical thinking in online threaded discussions.]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Jeong,A.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[The American Journal of Distance Education]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[1]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[17]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[25]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[43]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/25/2010 7:40:19 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/25/2010 7:40:19 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=257</link>
<refworks:lk><![CDATA[http://bbproject.tripod.com/SequentialAnalysis_Jeong2003.pdf]]></refworks:lk>
<refworks:rd><![CDATA[July 25, 2010]]></refworks:rd>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[257]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2003]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=256">
<title><![CDATA[Mapping alternative discourse structures onto computer conferences]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Jonassen,D.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Remidez,H.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[International Journal of Knowledge and Learning]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[1/2]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[1]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[113]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[129]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/25/2010 7:34:10 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/25/2010 7:34:10 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=256</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[256]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2005]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=210">
<title><![CDATA[Evaluation methodologies for computer conferencing applications.]]></title>
<refworks:t2><![CDATA[Collaborative Learning Through Computer Conferencing: The Najaden Papers
  ]]></refworks:t2>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Mason,R.]]></dc:creator>
<refworks:a2><![CDATA[Kaye,A. R.]]></refworks:a2>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[Springer-Verlag]]></dc:publisher>
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Book, Section]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[105]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[116]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/7/2010 8:48:01 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/25/2010 6:24:09 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=210</link>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[Berlin]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[210]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[1992]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=255">
<title><![CDATA[E-moderating: The key to teaching and learning online.]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Salmon,G.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[Kogan]]></dc:publisher>
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Book, Whole]]></refworks:rwtype>
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/25/2010 3:18:20 AM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/25/2010 3:18:20 AM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=255</link>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[London]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:lk><![CDATA[https://yulib002.mc.yu.edu:8443/login?url=http://www.netlibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=56799]]></refworks:lk>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[255]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2000]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=254">
<title><![CDATA[Interpretive Research Aiming at Theory Building: Adopting and Adapting the Case Study Design]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Diaz Andrade,Antonio]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Qualitative Report]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[1]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[14]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[42]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[60]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/22/2010 4:14:19 AM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/22/2010 4:14:19 AM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=254</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[254]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2009]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=253">
<title><![CDATA[Let Our Voices Be Heard: Qualitative Analysis of an Internet Discussion Board]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[de Vries,Sabina Remmers]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Valadez,Albert A.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Journal of Creativity in Mental Health]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[4]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[3]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[383]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[400]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/22/2010 4:10:09 AM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/22/2010 4:10:09 AM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=253</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[253]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2008]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=252">
<title><![CDATA[A Case Study of Wikis and Student-Designed Games in Physical Education]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Hastie,Peter A.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Casey,Ashley]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Tarter,Anne-Marie]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Technology, Pedagogy and Education]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[1]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[19]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[79]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[91]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/22/2010 4:08:37 AM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/22/2010 4:08:37 AM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=252</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[252]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2010]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=251">
<title><![CDATA[Managing conflict and reaching consensus in text-based computer conferencing: The students' perspective]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Zafeiriou,Georgia]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[The present article presents conditions relating to the effective use of text-based computer conferencing for group interaction. More specifically, it discusses ways peers found in order to express themselves as members of on-line groups and if they were able to reach consensus during interaction. The findings of the research are based on qualitative data gathered during the course of the author's doctorate research. Students from two different courses in the University of Sheffield, with experience of on-line group interaction, were the subjects of the study. 50 semi-structured interviews were the main tool of data collection. A Grounded Theory Approach, as developed by Strauss and Corbin was adopted for the analysis of the interview data. The analysis made also use of the Atlas.ti qualitative data software. Conditions (such as causes, intervening and contextual conditions, actions and outcomes) that were found to influence the on-line group interaction are presented using the above mode of data explication. A discussion of the findings in relation to the existing literature follows at the end of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Education for Information is the property of IOS Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)]]></description>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[IOS Press]]></dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Education for Information]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[2]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[21]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[97]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[111]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/22/2010 3:53:35 AM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/22/2010 3:53:44 AM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=251</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[06]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ COMPUTER conferencing]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ TELEMATICS]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ ONLINE data processing]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ COMPUTER networks]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ MEETINGS]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[M3: Article]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[01678329]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:lk><![CDATA[http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=10965394&site=ehost-live&scope=site]]></refworks:lk>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[251]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:jo><![CDATA[Educ.Inf.]]></refworks:jo>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[10965394]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Electronic(1)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2003]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=248">
<title><![CDATA[Reconceptualising moderation in asynchronous online discussions using grounded theory.]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Vlachopoulos,P.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ & Cowan,J.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Distance Education]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[1]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[31]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[23]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[36]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/22/2010 3:35:26 AM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/22/2010 3:47:39 AM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=248</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[248]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2010]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=250">
<title><![CDATA[Knowledge Sharing and Creation in a Teachers' Professional Virtual Community]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Lin,F. -r]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Lin,S. -c]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Huang,T. -p]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Computers & Education]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[3]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[50]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[742]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[756]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/22/2010 3:46:44 AM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/22/2010 3:46:56 AM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=250</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[250]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2008]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=249">
<title><![CDATA[Assisting Teachers' Thinking and Participation Online]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kale,Ugur]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Brush,Thomas]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Saye,John]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[This study examines online messages in a discussion forum that a group of K-12 history teachers used to discuss curriculum implementations as part of their professional development. It has 3 main research foci. First, it focuses on identifying the types of assistances provided to the teachers in an online forum. Second, it examines teachers' cognitive thinking levels exemplified in their online messages. Third, it investigates the relationship between the assistance provided to teachers and the thinking levels they exemplified online. In addition, the study presents data from interviews with forum users to help validate findings attained through examining the online messages. Findings show that various assistance types and forum users' perceptions of online communication may have influenced teachers' levels of thinking during online discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Journal of Educational Computing Research is the property of Baywood Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)]]></description>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[Baywood Publishing Company, Inc]]></dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Journal of Educational Computing Research]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[3]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[41]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[287]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[317]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/22/2010 3:38:10 AM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/22/2010 3:38:27 AM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=249</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[12/15]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ HISTORY teachers]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ HISTORY -- Study & teaching]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ EFFECTIVE teaching]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ FORUMS (Discussion & debate)]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ ONLINE courses]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ INTERNET in education]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ WEB-based instruction]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ ACTIVE learning]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ COGNITIVE ability]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ CRITICAL thinking]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[M3: Article]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[07356331]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:lk><![CDATA[http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=tfh&AN=44812769&site=ehost-live&scope=site]]></refworks:lk>
<refworks:do><![CDATA[10.2190/EC.41.3.c]]></refworks:do>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[249]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[44812769]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Electronic(1)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2009]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=247">
<title><![CDATA[Using Socratic Questioning to Promote Critical Thinking Skills Through Asynchronous Discussion Forums in Distance Learning Environments]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Yang,Ya-Ting C.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Newby,Timothy J.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Bill,Robert L.]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[This study investigated the effects of using Socratic questioning to enhance students' critical thinking (CT) skills in asynchronous discussion forums (ADF) in university-level distance learning courses. The research effort empirically examined two coherent subjects: (a) the efficacy of teaching and modeling Socratic questioning for developing students' CT skills in ADF and (b) the persistence of students' CT skills following the teaching and modeling of Socratic questioning in the ADF. The results indicate (a) teaching and modeling of Socratic questioning helped students demonstrate a higher level of CT skills and (b) students maintained their CT skills after exposure to and modeling of Socratic questioning in the ADF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of American Journal of Distance Education is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)]]></description>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[Taylor & Francis Ltd]]></dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[American Journal of Distance Education]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[3]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[19]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[163]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[181]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/19/2010 5:37:05 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/19/2010 5:37:14 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=247</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[09]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ QUESTIONING]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ CRITICAL thinking in adolescence]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ DISCUSSION]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ STUDENTS]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ COGNITIVE ability]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[M3: Article]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[08923647]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:lk><![CDATA[http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=18105834&site=ehost-live&scope=site]]></refworks:lk>
<refworks:do><![CDATA[10.1207/s15389286ajde1903_4]]></refworks:do>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[247]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[18105834]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Electronic(1)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2005]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=245">
<title><![CDATA[Designing and Teaching Learning Goals and Objectives: Classroom Strategies that Work]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Marzano,R.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[Marzano Research Laboratory]]></dc:publisher>
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Book, Whole]]></refworks:rwtype>
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/18/2010 10:25:43 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/18/2010 10:25:43 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=245</link>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[Bloomington, IN]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[245]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2009]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=244">
<title><![CDATA[Impacts of college-level courses via Asynchronous Learning Networks: Some preliminary results.]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Hiltz,S., R.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[2]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[1]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[1]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[19]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/16/2010 6:34:41 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/16/2010 7:07:23 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=244</link>
<refworks:lk><![CDATA[http://general.utpb.edu/FAC/keast_d/Tunebooks/pdf/Hiltz%20Article.pdf]]></refworks:lk>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[244]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Electronic(1)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[1997]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=243">
<title><![CDATA[The Internet and the Book: Media and Messages in Teaching Business Ethics.]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Geva,A.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Teaching Business Ethics]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[4]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[85]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[106]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/15/2010 5:49:53 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/15/2010 5:49:53 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=243</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[243]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2000]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=242">
<title><![CDATA[Educational Performance of ALN via Content Analysis.]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Aviv,R.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[2]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[4]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[53]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[72]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/15/2010 5:46:44 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/15/2010 5:46:44 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=242</link>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[1092-8235]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:lk><![CDATA[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.131.7147&rep=rep1&type=pdf]]></refworks:lk>
<refworks:rd><![CDATA[July 15, 2010]]></refworks:rd>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[242]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Electronic(1)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2000]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=241">
<title><![CDATA[A revision of bloom's taxonomy: An overview.]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Krathwohl,D. R.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Theory into Practice]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[4]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[41]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[212]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[218]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/15/2010 3:52:48 AM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/15/2010 3:52:48 AM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=241</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[241]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2002]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=240">
<title><![CDATA[Would we teach without technology? A professor's experience of teaching mathematics education incorporating the internet]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Li,Qing]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[The intent of this study is to provide information that can be useful in implementing rational changes to mathematics teacher education. In this paper, I present an approach to teach a graduate mathematics education course incorporating technology, more specifically, discussion forums, i.e. asynchronized threaded discussions via the internet. In this study, both survey of the teachers' background and transcripts of online discussions are used. However, the main focus is on the analysis of online discourse. The data analysis is concentrated on three areas: the math phobia issue, the equity issue and teachers' beliefs about the instructional use of technology. Three examples are described of the impact that the use of a discussion forum had on the teaching and learning experiences. Reflection on the experience and the implications for teacher educators are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Educational Research is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)]]></description>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[Routledge]]></dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Educational Research]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[1]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[45]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[61]]></prism:startingPage>
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/15/2010 2:28:15 AM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/15/2010 2:28:27 AM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=240</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[Spring2003]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ TECHNOLOGY]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ TELEMATICS]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ MATHEMATICS -- Study & teaching]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ TEACHERS -- Training of]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ EQUITY]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ Performance and Program Evaluation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[M3: Article]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[00131881]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:lk><![CDATA[http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=9903481&site=ehost-live&scope=site]]></refworks:lk>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[240]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[9903481]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Electronic(1)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2003]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=239">
<title><![CDATA[A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing:
a revision of bloomâ€™s taxonomy of educational objectives.]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Anderson,L. W.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ & Krathwohl,D. R.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[Addison Wesley]]></dc:publisher>
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Book, Edited]]></refworks:rwtype>
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/15/2010 2:19:23 AM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/15/2010 2:19:23 AM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=239</link>
<refworks:pp><![CDATA[New York]]></refworks:pp>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[239]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2001]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=238">
<title><![CDATA[The context and content of online discussions:
making cyber-discussions viable for the secondary school curriculum.]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Knowlton,D. S.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ & Knowlton,H. M.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[American Secondary Education]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[4]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[29]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[38]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[52]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/15/2010 2:05:44 AM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/15/2010 2:05:44 AM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=238</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[238]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2001]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=237">
<title><![CDATA[A FRAMEWORK FOR DESIGNING  QUESTIONS FOR ONLINE   LEARNING]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Berge,Z.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Muilenburg,L.]]></dc:creator>
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Web Page]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[July 14]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[2010]]></prism:volume> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/15/2010 1:15:57 AM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/15/2010 1:16:11 AM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=237</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[September 9, 2006]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:ed><![CDATA[http://www.emoderators.com/moderators/muilenburg.html]]></refworks:ed>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[237]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Electronic(1)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2006]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=236">
<title><![CDATA[Beyond student perceptions: Issues of interactions, presence, and performance in an online course.]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Picciano,A. G.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[1]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[6]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[21]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[40]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/14/2010 6:49:37 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/14/2010 6:49:37 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=236</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[236]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2002]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=235">
<title><![CDATA[Developing a comprehensive metric for assessing discussion board effectiveness]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kay,Robin H.]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[The use of online discussion boards has grown extensively in the past 5 years, yet some researchers argue that our understanding of how to use this tool in an effective and meaningful way is minimal at best. Part of the problem in acquiring more cohesive and useful information rests in the absence of a comprehensive, theory-driven metric to assess quality and effectiveness. Based on an extensive review of the research, the following variables were used to assess traditional discussion board use: thread, location of message within thread, author (student vs. educator), subject line clarity, time of posting, response time from previous message, number of times message was read, number of words, primary purpose, message quality, difficulty level of topic, knowledge level, processing level and use of external resources. These variables proved to be effective in assessing 12 key areas of discussion board use. It is argued that this kind of metric is essential if we wish to advance our understanding of online discussion boards for both educators and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of British Journal of Educational Technology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)]]></description>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[Wiley-Blackwell]]></dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[British Journal of Educational Technology]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[5]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[37]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[761]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[783]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/14/2010 6:48:14 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/14/2010 6:48:24 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=235</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[09]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ ELECTRONIC discussion groups]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ COMPUTER network resources]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ FORUMS (Discussion & debate)]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ EDUCATIONAL quality]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ STUDENTS]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ EDUCATORS]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ REACTION time]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ VOCABULARY]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ AUTHORS]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[M3: Article]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[00071013]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:lk><![CDATA[http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=21437407&site=ehost-live&scope=site]]></refworks:lk>
<refworks:do><![CDATA[10.1111/j.1467-8535.2006.00560.x]]></refworks:do>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[235]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[21437407]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Electronic(1)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2006]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=233">
<title><![CDATA[Teaching Critical Thinking with Electronic Discussion]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Greenlaw,Steven A.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ DeLoach,Stephen B.]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[One of the products of a liberal undergraduate education is the ability to think critically. In practice, critical thinking is a skill that economics students are supposed to master as they complete their studies. However, exactly what critical thinking means is generally not well defined. Building on the literature on critical thinking, the authors examine how electronic discussion can be used effectively to teach this skill. Because of the multiplicity of views expressed, the asynchronous nature of the technology, and the inherent positive spillovers that are created, electronic discussion appears to provide a natural framework for teaching critical thinking.]]></description>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[Heldref Publications]]></dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[The Journal of Economic Education]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[1]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[34]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[36]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[52]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/14/2010 6:36:01 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/14/2010 6:36:14 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=233</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[Winter]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[00220485]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:sf><![CDATA[primary_article; Copyright Â© 2003 Heldref Publications]]></refworks:sf>
<refworks:lk><![CDATA[http://www.jstor.org/stable/30042522]]></refworks:lk>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[233]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Electronic(1)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2003]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=232">
<title><![CDATA[Cognitive presence in webbased
learning: a content analysis of students' online discussions.]]></title>
<refworks:t2><![CDATA[ITFORUM PAPER #60]]></refworks:t2>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[McKlin,T.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Harmon,S. W.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Evans,W.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ & Jones,M. G.]]></dc:creator>
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Monograph]]></refworks:rwtype>
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/14/2010 4:41:10 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/14/2010 4:41:10 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=232</link>
<refworks:rd><![CDATA[July 14, 2010]]></refworks:rd>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[232]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:ul><![CDATA[http://it.coe.uga.edu/itforum/paper60/paper60.htm]]></refworks:ul>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2002]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=231">
<title><![CDATA[Internet chat: Collaborating and learning via e-conversations.
TESOL Journal,]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Freiermuth,M. R.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[TESOL Journal]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[3]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[11]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[36]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[40]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/14/2010 3:36:14 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/14/2010 3:36:27 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=231</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[231]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2002]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=230">
<title><![CDATA[Cognitive presence in online learning]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kanuka,H.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ & Garrison,D.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Journal of Computing in Higher Education]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[2]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[15]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[30]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[48]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/14/2010 3:16:37 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/14/2010 3:16:37 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=230</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[230]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2004]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=229">
<title><![CDATA[An exploration into facilitating higher levels of learning in a text-based internet
learning environment using diverse instructional strategies]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[KANUKA,H.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[3]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[10]]></prism:volume> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/13/2010 1:56:36 AM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/13/2010 1:56:36 AM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=229</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[229]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:wv><![CDATA[http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol10/issue3/kanuka.html]]></refworks:wv>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2005]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=228">
<title><![CDATA[NETWORK ANALYSIS OF KNOWLEDGE CONSTRUCTION IN ASYNCHRONOUS LEARNING NETWORKS]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Aviv,R.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Erlich,Z. :. Ravid, G.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Geva,A.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[3]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[7]]></prism:volume> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/13/2010 1:46:02 AM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/13/2010 1:46:02 AM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=228</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[228]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2003]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=227">
<title><![CDATA[Face-to-face versus threaded discussions: The role of time and higher-order thinking
]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Meyer,K.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[3]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[7]]></prism:volume> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/13/2010 1:42:53 AM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/13/2010 1:42:53 AM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=227</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[227]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2003]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=226">
<title><![CDATA[Content analysis schemes to analyze transcripts of online asynchronous discussion groups: A
review]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[De Wever,B.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Schellens,T.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Valcke,M.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Van Keer,H.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Computers and Education]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[46]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[6]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[28]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/13/2010 1:36:55 AM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/13/2010 1:36:55 AM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=226</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[226]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2006]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=225">
<title><![CDATA[A general framework for tracking and analysing learning processes in computer-supported collaborative learning environments]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Pozzi,Francesca]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Manca,Stefania]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Persico,Donatella]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Sarti,Luigi]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[This paper describes a method for analysing the learning processes that take place in a computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) environment. The approach is based on tracking the interactions between learners and tutors. Keeping track of meaningful events serves three main purposes: evaluation of the quality of the process, monitoring students' performance in real time and the assessment of individual learning performances. The results can be of benefit to course designers, tutors/instructors and researchers involved in collaborative learning experiences. The method is based on a five-dimensional model that includes a participative, an interactive, a social, a cognitive and a teaching dimension. Each dimension can be analysed through a set of indicators obtained by tracking course participants' behaviour within the learning environment. Examples of significant indicators, drawn from the literature and the authors' field experience, are discussed for each dimension. The paper also proposes a taxonomy of the data needed to obtain the described indicators. Finally, possible directions for further research are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Innovations in Education & Teaching International is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)]]></description>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[Routledge]]></dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Innovations in Education & Teaching International]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[2]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[44]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[169]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[179]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/13/2010 1:20:38 AM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/13/2010 1:20:57 AM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=225</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[05]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ EDUCATION]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ COLLABORATIVE learning]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ EDUCATIONAL evaluation]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ RESEARCH]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ LEARNING]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ EVALUATION]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ INTERNET in education]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ EDUCATION -- Data processing]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ TEAMS in the workplace -- Data processing]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ TUTORS & tutoring]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ INDIVIDUALIZED instruction]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[M3: Article]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[14703297]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:lk><![CDATA[http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a2h&AN=24436667&site=ehost-live&scope=site]]></refworks:lk>
<refworks:do><![CDATA[10.1080/14703290701240929]]></refworks:do>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[225]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[24436667]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Electronic(1)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2007]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=224">
<title><![CDATA[Tagging Thinking Types in Asynchronous Discussion Groups: Effects on Critical Thinking]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Schellens,T.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Van Keer,H.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ De Wever,B.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ & Valcke,M.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Interactive Learning Environments]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[1]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[17]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[77]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[94]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/12/2010 8:25:28 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/12/2010 8:27:37 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=224</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[224]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2009]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=223">
<title><![CDATA[Using Online Threaded Discussions: Best Practices for the Digital Learner]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Rizopoulos,Lisa Anne]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ McCarthy,Peter]]></dc:creator>
<description><![CDATA[Online dialogic communities have become a ubiquitous tool that transforms student learning and course delivery. Threaded Discussions extend classroom learning by providing an asynchronous method of communication for the exchange of meaningful ideas that promote critical thinking and develop thoughtful reflective learning. Threaded Discussions transcend the physical boundaries of the classroom and capitalize on distance learning opportunities. The benefits and limitations for implementing Threaded Discussions across the content areas, along with effective strategies and practical examples, will be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Journal of Educational Technology Systems is the property of Baywood Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)]]></description>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[Baywood Publishing Company, Inc]]></dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Journal of Educational Technology Systems]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[4]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[37]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[373]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[383]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/12/2010 8:22:16 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/12/2010 8:22:32 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=223</link>
<refworks:FD><![CDATA[2008]]></refworks:FD>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ VIRTUAL communities]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ DIALOGICS]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ WEB-based instruction]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ DISTANCE education]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ ASYNCHRONOUS transfer mode]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ REFLECTIVE learning]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ CRITICAL thinking]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ LEARNING]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:k1><![CDATA[ EFFECTIVE teaching]]></refworks:k1>
<refworks:no><![CDATA[M3: Article]]></refworks:no>
<refworks:sn><![CDATA[00472395]]></refworks:sn>
<refworks:lk><![CDATA[http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=tfh&AN=43903578&site=ehost-live&scope=site]]></refworks:lk>
<refworks:do><![CDATA[10.2190/ET.39.4.c]]></refworks:do>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[223]]></refworks:id>
<refworks:jo><![CDATA[J.Educ.Technol.Syst.]]></refworks:jo>
<refworks:an><![CDATA[43903578]]></refworks:an>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Electronic(1)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2009]]></refworks:YR></item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=222">
<title><![CDATA[Supporting Active Cognitive Processing in Collaborative Groups: The  Potential of Bloom's Taxonomy as a Labeling Tool]]></title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Valcke,M.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ De Wever,B.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ Zhu,C.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[ & Deed,C.]]></dc:creator>
<prism:publicationName><![CDATA[Internet and Higher Education]]></prism:publicationName> 
<refworks:rwtype><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></refworks:rwtype>
<prism:number><![CDATA[3-4]]></prism:number>
<prism:volume><![CDATA[12]]></prism:volume> 
<prism:startingPage><![CDATA[165]]></prism:startingPage>
<prism:endingPage><![CDATA[172]]></prism:endingPage> 
<refworks:created><![CDATA[7/12/2010 8:17:01 PM GMT ]]></refworks:created>
<refworks:modified><![CDATA[7/12/2010 8:17:01 PM GMT ]]></refworks:modified><link>http://www.refworks.com/refshare?site=044131176264000000/RWWS3A899100/Online%20Discussion%20Forums&amp;rn=222</link>
<refworks:id><![CDATA[222]]></refworks:id>Anonymous 
<refworks:ol><![CDATA[Unknown(0)]]></refworks:ol>
<refworks:sr><![CDATA[Print(0)]]></refworks:sr>
<refworks:YR><![CDATA[2009]]></refworks:YR></item>

</rdf:RDF>