A number of my clients hit the panic button during the Google Panda Attack. Google began changing their algorithms once agin. This time it affected even those that were doing everything right according to their last major change. The good news for me was many businesses were willing to give me the keys to the kingdom to save them from the savage panda.

The good news for you is I am going to give you some advice for free, no strings attached. First and foremost it is important for you to understand what Google is trying to do. The search engine segment of Google wants nothing more than to give the end user the best possible search results that they can. As Google continues to increase their search result strategy there are people out there who are also busy at work trying to find ways to cheat the system. This does more harm than it does good for all of us, and is the main reason for the “Google Updates.”

The search engine giant despite the negative internet buzz is not out to destroy websites. It is important that you keep in mind that all search engines were created by humans and are subject to error. When changes are made they are made with changes to ultimately serve the end user, and sometimes a few innocent victims may inadvertently get caught up in the shuffle.

Lets Look At The Facts

There are some aspects of Google’s formula that will never change. Content will always be King no matter what changes Google comes up with. Backlinks will also continue to be an important factor to search engine rankings. After all the Internet only exist because of the linking structure i.e. the web. From time to time Google will shift the value of various links thus fluctuating search engine results. Without getting all technical this is what happen with the “Panda Update.”

Believe it or not this is one of the best times to takeover a market, or to dominate a keyword phrase. When Google makes a major change and a ton of online businesses loose rankings they panic. I have been able to dominate the search engines for competitive keywords that I would otherwise have not even gone after. This is mainly possible because I am always tracking my competition as much as I track my own results.

One of the things the Panda Update did was change the value of certain links. It gave more value to links such as Facebook likes, and the Google +1 (of course there is a little more to it than getting a bunch of likes from facebook). Whatever you do – do not waste your time buying a bunch of clicks on the likes button, +1 it will not serve you at all.

I am amazed at how many rip-off artist are charging people for facebook like, and +1 clicks. These businesses seemed to pop up overnight (I guess they did now that I think about it). These are mainly overseas scam artist from what I could tell.

How To Get Your Pages Back To The Top

If you were one of the thousands and thousands of people affected by the Panda Update here is a formula to get your pages back to the top.

• Analyze the top 5 results for the keyword phrase you are trying to raise your search engine results for. You want to reverse engineer those sites to see what it is they have done to take your old position. Do they have more content? Do they have the keyword in the title? Do they have the keyword phrase in their headline? What keyword density are they using, etc…
• Re-optimize your page according to the results that you have discovered by reverse engineering your top 5 competitors.
• Its time to build backlinks. You want links from social bookmarking and media sites. You will want to build backlinks using blog comments. Build backlinks from .edu, and .org sites. Launch your article marketing campaign, and your press release campaign. Start building links to the various link directories.

Wash, rinse, and repeat. If you follow those simple steps you will indeed crush your competitors, and ultimately survive the Panda Attack.

To learn more about building high quality backlinks get my free report – Backlink Blackbook

Everyone by now knows about Google and their notorious updates. Everywhere I look people a crying the sky is falling the sky is falling. Just this week alone I have had THREE… Count them 1 – 2 – 3!!! Two SEO COMPANIES and one SEO software company PAY ME to share my test results and to consult them on what they need to change.

I’m not sure how many times I need to say this before you finally start to get it. No matter WHAT CHANGES GOOGLE MAKES they will always favor high quality content and targeted backlinks. Does that mean that backlinks such as profile links ect. do not count? Of course they do! Let me break it down for you:

Profile Link Pros & Cons

PROS – Profile backlinks are your low level backlinks. They are not going to help you dominate the race, however they will give you that cutting edge. The secret to using this approach is consistency and bulk. Here is why… Out of 2,000 profile backlinks that you have generated within 30 to 90 days approximately twenty to thirty of them will actually be indexed. This is way this should be outsourced and you should not waste your time on doing them yourself.

CONS – Our testing has proven time and time again that approximately 100 profile links are equivalent to 1 or 2 high quality links. The sad but true part is all links are not created equal. The reason for this is that it is extremely difficult to find high quality profile links on a site that just happens to meet your niche market. It doesn’t matter if the profile link is from a high PR ranking site, themes play a roll in the quality of the link.

Social Bookmarking Links Pros & Cons

PROS – The secret strategy to social bookmarking links is the same – consistency and bulk. This is another extremely time consuming task and should be outsourced in order to be effective. You need to at least hit 100 plus sites that fall under the “social” banner. Obviously the more of these sites you hit a month the faster you will see results. IT IS A NUMBERS GAME.

CONS – The effectiveness of this strategy will greatly depend on what niche market you are in, and how competitive that market is. Many of these sites are now NO FOLLOW sites and the links are good for nothing but driving traffic to your site. This task should be outsourced also.

Web 2.0 Links (Sometimes called Link Wheels)

I just read an article where the “SEO EXPERT” was saying link wheels were dead. I could not believe what I was reading!

I want to make sure that you understand what a link wheel is, so look at the diagram below.

REALLY take a look at the diagram above. How in the hell could it be possible that link wheels are dead? You are only building links for external pages that you have created other links on. There is no way possible that this is a bad thing. You are pushing up third party pages that give your main site more credibility.

Again… The key to building a Link Wheel structure is consistency! You most do it on a monthly basis. Another important thing that I would like to note is you do not only build Link Wheels around your root domain (yourdomian.com) you also want to build Link Wheels around your sub domains i.e. yourdomain.com/page.html.

.EDU .GOV and .ORG PROS AND CONS

As of now these are the HOLY GRAIL OF LINKS. As of now our research shows that these links hold the most weight. Search engines feel that these domains are trustworthy and if you have a link from a trustworthy site then your site must also be trustworthy.

You should be building AT LEAST 50 to 100 of these links a month. What’s the key to your success regarding link building? Say it with me! CONSISTENCY!!! Are you starting to get it?

Have You Heard That Article Marketing Is Dead?

Chances are you have heard that story, and right behind it they were trying to sell you something else.

ALTHOUGH ALL LINKS ARE NOT CREATED EQUAL EVERY LITTLE BIT HELPS.

How do you move a mountain? One stone at a time. The same principal applies to link building.

Some clients ask me since .edu etc links are more powerful why not just focus on them? Well the answer is simple. If you have only high quality links pointing to your site, a red flag goes up as far as search engines and your site will lose ranking if not drop all the way out of the search results. NO SITE ONLINE HAS ONLY HIGH QUALITY LINKS POINTING TO IT. 

You want to vary your link building strategy. You want to grow your links overtime and you want to be… What??? Consistent!

HOW LONG BEFORE YOU SEE RESULTS

There is no set in stone time before you start seeing results. I know its sort of disappointing. The reason for this is that as you submit links, there is no way of telling how long it is before it is approved or how long it will take before the search engine spiders will index the page.

ON AVERAGE the time frame is usually 60 to 90 days before you start seeing results. There are exceptions to the rule and I have had situations where I have seen results in a few days. There are just soooooooo many variables that come into play. The important thing is keep building and do not look back. EVEN IF YOU NO NOTHING ABOUT OTHER ASPECTS OF SEO DO LINK BUILDING AND YOU WILL ACHIEVE GOOD RANKINGS IN THE SEARCH ENGINES. 

If your not already doing so, make backlink building the cornerstone of your SEO efforts. At least 75% of your efforts should be spent on building backlinks.

If you want some more quick tips on backlink building I wrote a free report that you can download entitled, “Backlink Black Book.”

Virginia Beach, Virginia – October 11, 2011 – SEO Gorilla Tactics announced that in less than eight hours, over three thousand users downloaded The Backlink Black Book. Available through www.SEOGorillaTactics.com® as a free download.

“This proves that entrepreneurs are interested in understanding how to leverage their products and services and using the Internet to generate profits,” said Shannon Roadcap, SEO Gorilla Tactics senior spokesperson. “We have been experimenting with ways to help entrepreneurs understand the complexities to making money online and correctly using search engine technology to drive traffic to their site.”

The Backlink Black Book introduces a few easy to follow strategies that business owners can use to become a leading authority in their niche market. Studies show that most business owners understand the importance of having an online presence. However they are lost when it comes to understanding how to leverage this power into leads and profits. Just like most marketing businesses try to solve the problem by throwing money at it. This is no longer possible due to a plummeting economy. Those that understand how to take their business online are flourishing, those that fail to understand seem to be waving the white flag, and closing the doors.

This new report eliminates the need for paying tens of thousands of dollars for building backlinks to your site. This small power packed report takes the reader by the hand, in plain to understand English and explains how to use free resources to achieve the same if not better results yourself than professionals are offering.

The SEO Gorilla Tactics Marketing team is headed by industry expert Tim Beachum, one of the worlds leading authorities in marketing both on and off line. Tim Beachum leads the industry due to his creative outside of the box approach style of marketing. The SEO Gorilla Tactics Marketing team has plans to continue to create affordable information to serve businesses both small and large.

Press Contacts:

Shannon Roadcap

seogorillatactics@gmail.com

Yep… I found away to legitimately rob Facebook! I know it sounds crazy, but those of you that know me or that have been on my list for a while, know that I am no big fan of social media. But as reality began to slap me in the face and clients began to demand Facebook I had to make the transition.

I have spent thousands of dollars on ebooks, video courses, and various Facebook systems (that’s was me being robbed by Facebook). My goal was trying to figure out how to use Facebook to make money, for my clients. A few systems did generate some money but nothing I would dare use with any of my clients.

I knew that somehow I had to fold Facebook into my current success formulas. These formulas have served me well for years without fail, and I am about to share them with you right now.

Formula #1 (key to formula is consistency)

High Quality Backlinks (is equal to) High Search Engine Ranking (is equal to) Website Traffic.

Although the search engines will index your profile page, I could not figure out a way that Facebook would be useful as generating revenue for formula #1.

NOTE: Sure you can generate traffic from Facebook, however as far as I am concerned the traffic from posting a status will not allow you to quit your day job. Posting to Facebook is something that I automate and I let the chips fall where they may.

Formula #2

Targeted Website Traffic + Laser Targeted Landing Page = High Quality List = Monthly Revenue 

Then it hit me. FACEBOOK COULD BE USED TO BUILD YOUR LIST.  I began experimenting with building my list utilizing Facebook.

 Experiment #1

I belong to every high quality PLR membership site on the planet (I think). I went looking for something sweet to giveaway. I then found a high quality affiliate product on Clickbank that was already selling like crazy. I set up a landing page (the niche market was a weigh loss product) and I ran a Facebook PPC campaign for a week. Because I am lazy I am only going to share day one’s results. The first day is always the worst day in most cases. As the week went on I tweaked and got better results by the end of the week.

Day 1:

600 Clicks @ $0.57 per click = $342 (total cost for running campaign)

23% of the 600 who clicked on my add opted in to my list.

Number of opt-ins = 138

Out of 138 of those people who opted in 7% made a backend purchase. This comes out to be 9.66 purchases which for the sake of this example I rounded down to 9.

My commission from the affiliate was $67 per sale.

$67.00 x 9 = $603

(Subtract out cost for advertising)

$603 (gross sales) – $342 (total PPC cost) = $261 (Total Profit)

Ok Tim… Where does the robbery part come in… I want to rob Facebook too!

List building is a very important part of making money online. The problem that many marketers are facing is that people will give you a B.S. email that they only use for getting free goodies (even I do this ).

I wanted to make sure that it was the Facebook list building technology that was the cause of the profits and not just my awesomeness

Experiment #2

So I did another experiment with, “The Backlink Black Book.” I was giving away some information on the importance of backlinks, how you should build them, where to find free tools and software to help you determine the quality of backlinks that you need. It was a pretty good report and it was free (can’t beat that right?). As a backend product I offered the Facebook technology that I was actually testing.

Here is the results:

Day 1:

I ran 3 ads on Facebook and generated 2,932 clicks (people that actually visited my landing page).

2,932 Clicks @ $0.27 = $791.64

37% actually opted in (that’s almost half. This is the best result that I have every gotten).

37% = 1,085 people opted in to download my free report.

22% bought backend product = 238 (The commission varied depending on which package they ordered. Low end around $20 (it was more than that but I do not feel like going to look) the high end was around $35) For this example I will go with $20 all the way across the board.

238 Sales X $20.00 = $4,760

(Here’s the actual landing page if you want to check it out. Its nothing spatular.)

ONE DAY EXPERIMENT 

I had no doubt that this Facebook technology was the key to building a laser targeted list. Currently I have began offering this service for $150 a month to my clients. Although  only two have agreed to start that’s still an extra $300 a month on autopilot.

I do not share these things with you to brag or anything. I want you to draw from my testings and implement it in your own business. Even if you do not want to go through all the trouble of setting up pages and running a PPC campaign you can sell the service to clients. Every business owner on earth has a Facebook account, and you can manage their list for them for $150 a month.

This is the greatest technology that I have witnessed since the auto responder.  You owe it to yourself and your future to go check it out right now – Click Here To Learn More About Facebook Technology.

Backlinks are one of the corner stones to dominating the search engines. Everyone and their mother has theories about backlinks, and the rest of them are just rehashing what they have heard or read somewhere else online.

Have you heard the one about bad backlinks could ruin your rankings?

I have a dedicated server setup that I do nothing but test on. So let’s go with the evil backlinking theory. If bad backlinks could hurt your search rankings don’t you think that the cut throat marketers, spammers, etc. would just build bad backlinks to their competitors sites?

You could generate a list of keyword phrases that you wanted to rank for and outsource the negative link building process for pennies. You could have your outsourcers build links to all of your competitors and quickly dominate any market you wanted at will.

I am constantly reverse engineering competitors for my clients. Those that are dominating the search engines have a variety of links pointing to them. You can easily identify the links that have been outsourced, and those that have been skillfully targeted.

Search Engine Domination Formula 

1. Good content – I treat all of my clients sites as if they were my own. I want content that is going to help people.
2. On Page Optimization – optimizing your website can be different for each keyword phrase. I see a lot of people giving advice such as, “always put your keyword phrase in the title”. That is not always true.Fact: No one knows what the hell Google does to rank their sites. I see some sites ranking with the keyword in the title, I also see others that do not have the keyword phrase anywhere on the page. All that we can do as marketers is reverse engineer the top ten sites for the keyword phrase that we are targeting and do a little better than our competitors.
3. Off Page Optimization – start building backlinks to your site. This is an on going process and there is never a such thing as a site having enough backlinks. You want to build your backlinks organically. You want a mixture of dofollow and nofollow links.Think about it… If the search engines see that you have nothing but dofollow links to your site, don’t you think that looks a little suspicious? Of course it does. My team uses the information in my. “Backlink Blackbook” to build links for my personal sites as well as the clients that I serve.I also outsource the crazy backlinks suck as, social bookmarking, form post, blog comments etc. In my opinion it is a waste of time for my team to be doing such tedious work. I already know that it takes approximately 100 blog comment links to equal 2 or 3 high quality links. However every little bit counts right?
4. Press Releases – OMG I have made a killing with this backlinking strategy. I am not sure why companies charge several hundred dollars to write a press release, its so simple. Although I have discovered a few strategies that give my press releases that little competitive edge over the others.Press Release Tips: Align your press release with recent events whenever possible. Your press release should always sound news worthy (search for sample press releases) there are a ton of examples online for you to follow.I wrote a press release entitled, “The King of Rock and Roll and Internet Marketing” and it spread like wild fire. Did it happen overnight? NOPE! It’s been almost a year and I am still making affiliate sales from that one little report that I wrote while sitting in Starbucks.

Although all backlinks are not created equal, a vote is a vote unless you are selling bibles and have thousands of backlinks from a porn sites. Obviously that would not be a good thing.

A Bit Of Advice Grasshopper 

Stop believing everything you hear, and read. In fact I do not want you to EVER take my word. What I want you to do is test for yourself. Everyone started yelling the sky is falling and article marketing is dead.

I love it… You keep believing that, mean while I will be enjoying your lunch money.  Article marketing is a small tool that I use to build backlinks, and traffic to my sites. It has worked and it will always work. After all what is article marketing? It’s content? What does the search engines want? Content!

If you were writing B.S. articles, then the rumor is true. Article marketing is in deed dead for you. However for those who are distributing good content, the good times are continuing to roll, and the backlinks our adding up.

You should be dedicating 75% of your online marketing efforts towards building high quality backlinks to your site.

The Google Dance

While building your backlinks you will notice often times your rankings will drop initially. Newbies will often begin hitting the panic button and running out in the streets yelling that the sky is falling. They will immediately stop all of their link building efforts because they believe it was the link building that caused their rankings to drop.

If you are tracking your rankings the way you should be doing – you will notice that various pages on your site are always fluctuating. I run reports on a weekly basis for newer sites and on a monthly basis for older sites. Your job is to keep plowing forward, and it will all pan out.

I think I have rambled on long enough, and I hope that I have given you something of value.

This was one text message that I could have done without. Whiz Kid Steve Jobs, passed away on Wednesday, Oct. 5, 2011. He was 56 years young. Unless you have been living under a rock on some remote island, you know that he has beed credited as being the mastermind behind the iPhone, iPad, iPod, iMac and iTunes.

Steve Jobs stepped down from the Apple thrown in August 24, 2011 do to his battle with pancreatic cancer. Job’s first announced that he had a rare form of cancer in August 2011.

“I have always said if there ever came a day when I could no longer meet my duties and expectations as Apple’s CEO, I would be the first to let you know. Unfortunately, that day has come,” he said during the announcement.

Just a little over a month later, the legend has passed away.

Despite his enormous contributions to the world, Job’s was a rare type of CEO. He tended to stay to himself and he never let his popularity change him.

It was said that Job’s was extremely passionate when it came to getting his products just right, and he would reject multiple versions until he felt that it was correct. Unlike most of his competitors he cared about the aesthetics as much as he did the software and hardware aspects.

I think it is important to note that Steve Jobs has an official biography coming out sometimes in November. I recommend that everyone should read it. There is a lot to be learned from this man.

The decision has been made. Your tired of hearing about how much money everyone is making online, and you have decided that you want your own piece of the pie. You through your hat in to the entrepreneurial ring and decide to go for it.

You create your first website and hangout your digital open for business sign. Hell you even start to get a little traffic. But no sales yet.  Weeks go buy and the cash isn’t flowing the way it seems to be for everyone but you. The shadow of doubt begins to set in. You wonder why people are buying your competitors product/service and not yours.

Here’s What Most People Do

I view business like building a house. It takes planning, both long term and short term. Although I am not an expert at building a house, it does make for a great metaphor.

Can you build a house without creating a foundation?

Yep, you bet you can!

Will your house last long?

Uhhh, no! It’s going to tumble over eventually.

 The Business Mindset 

I use to be one of those people who jumped from one business idea to another. In fact there was a time when I was trying to run several different businesses at one time (MLM businesses). I made a little money, but I never seemed to do as well as others. I justified this by saying they were just lucky. Or they must have had money to start with.

After more failures than I care to count, I figured it out. I had what is known as the “Get Rich Quick Mindset.” I have never known anyone to be successful with this type of mindset. Once I understood this, (I mean truly understood) my success started to grow and grow.

3 Spheres of Success

There are three spheres of success:

1. Inspiration
2. Innovation and
3. Motivation

Inspiration

This is the stage where you first come up with an idea. The good thing about inspiration is that it can strike at anytime. While taking a shower, watching television, even while driving down the street. Every human being on earth at one time or another has inspiration. However it is here at the first sphere were things die for the masses. This also leads us to our third sphere.

 Innovation 

Innovation is the second sphere and the realm that very few actually get to. Innovation is when you actually act upon your inspiration. Its when you take your idea to the next level. An idea is useless until you take massive action.

As soon as I get an idea, I either record it on my iPhone, mind map it out on my iPad or the whiteboard in my office. If you want you can use a free online service called bubbl.us.

You can use it for free and save ‘X’ number of sheets. They also offer various paid services that only cost a few bucks a month.

Once you have had your idea, and you have created a blueprint. Its time to put everything together and make it a reality, its time for sphere three…

Motivation

Motivation is the glue that keeps everything together. Its the fire that keeps pushing your forward on daily basis. Motivation is what keeps you going even when everything seems to be going wrong.

My motivation is the feeling I get knowing that I have made a difference. I love it every time I receive an email or a phone call from someone on my list who has had a breakthrough.

There is nothing on earth like being able to do what you love and to actually be able to get paid for doing it. This is the feeling that I hope to share with each and every individual on my list.

Practice Makes Perfect

I think it was Tony Robbins who said that repetition is the mother of all skill. As far as I know there is no such thing as the perfect plan. You make a plan. Execute the plan. Then make adjustments according to the results. Keep adjusting, and tracking your results. You will notice that things will keep improving, and you will reach your ultimate goal, whatever that may be for you.

 Master Your Craft

Although I outsource many of my daily task, I first had to understand them. There are many pieces to running any successful business. I am constantly learning and improving my strategies.

If you were to go and watch some of my old YouTube videos you will see where I recommended one thing then several months later it would appear that I have contradicted myself. That is far from the case. The market changes, what worked today, may not work tomorrow, and I only know that because I am constantly studying, testing and tracking my results.

It is important that you understand, having a successful business is more than just studying marketing, or copywriting etc. Read material like, “Think and Grow Rich”, “The World’s Greatest Salesmen”, or “The Alchemist” just to name a few.

I will conclude this post on this note.

You should spend more time working on your business and not in your business.

Are you familiar with temporal algorithms? If not you should be and that is the focus of this article. Some SEO experts like it and some say it is a waste of time. As far as I am concerned I give it the big fat green light!

So what is Temporal Algorithms?

It is another of the many equations that search engines use to determine search engine rankings. When I say I discovered this by accident that is exactly what I mean. Do you remember the big Kobe Bryant fiasco? Well I had used it as a metaphor in one of my blog post during the time it was going on, the next thing I know I was inundated with traffic for the next three or four days.

At the time I didn’t really pay much attention to it. Then the big Kim Kardashian sex tape scandal was the hottest thing online. Made a few jokes about it during a blog post and BINGO my page was crushing the front page of the search engines for about a week.

Me being the genius that I am, I still did not pay it much attention. Then I struck again during the death of Michael Jackson, when I blogged about it. Mike was the man and I was just paying homage to the King of Pop. What do you know, I was ranked on the front page for the keyword phrase, ‘Michael Jackson’. OMG the traffic was insane. I wasn’t ranked long but a few days were worth a few new people that had opted in to my list.

For the record each person on your list is worth about $1.00 USD per month on average. Thats when I finally got it. Google will give late breaking news a little favoritism. After thinking about it – it all made perfect since. Google’s job is to deliver the search results that the end user wants. And if there is something that is happening in the world that is mega news worthy Google wants to be able to provide their end user with the results.

I thought this was something that I had discovered, but after further research I realized that my discovery was similar to Christopher Columbus (it wasn’t my discovery ). There were already people that knew about this strategy and they even had a name for it, ‘Temporal Algorithms’. What I did not know is that the majority of individuals where unaware of it. So I decided to share it with you, pretty nice of me huh?!?

The Sad But True News

I do not like making things sound super awesome when there are side-effects. There is no guarantee that this strategy will work for you every time. I have not discovered a proven method for making this technique work each and every time. In my opinion it is worth the effort!

Do you think it is worth a few thousand extra people discovering your site that may not have known about it otherwise? If so, give temporal algorithms a fair shot – you won’t be disappointed I assure you that much.

I hope you have enjoyed this little tip and that it actually puts money in your pockets. I am off to the gym and I will catch you later my friend.

Google finally confirmed that +1 clicks does influence your websites rankings. In this article I will share some strategies that you can apply today to increase your websites rankings.

For those of you that may be a little behind on whats been going on with Google, they have released the +1 button as a means to compete with Facebook’s like button. Webmasters can add the +1 button to their website easily (add button).

Visitors that visit your site can vote for your site by clicking the +1 button. In the eyes of Google a site that receives a lot of +1 clicks must offer something of value. In Googles opinion it makes since to give those pages a little boost in the search rankings.

Here Comes The Scammers

Opportunist will always be there to try to shortcut their way to the top, and rob you of your hard earned cash. There are services springing up all over the net that claim to increase the number of clicks to your +1 button.

FOOD FOR THOUGHT – Why is it that these companies never use their own services? I’m just saying… Sounds a little suspect to me!

Back to the blog post!!!!

Why These Services Will Not Help:

•  You must have a Google account in order to click the +1 button. Google knows who is clicking and they know when some one just visits a page to click the +1 button and leaves. Not to mention that this also increases your bounce rate – duh!
• The majority of these services will use the same accounts or attempt to create new accounts. Again Google did not dominate the market by being a bunch of dumb asses.

Here is a little secret… Its not the quantity of the clicks it is the quality.

What does all of this mean for you?

The +1 clicks are indeed a ranking factor in Google’s algorithm and you should add it to your site. Since this is relatively new, it is to your advantage to get in on the ground floor.

There are many things that you will need to consider when competing for organic search engine traffic. The SEO game is simple – follow the rules and you will do just fine.