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CCA Rules - Conduct of Inquiry - Documents to be sent with Inquiry Report

2026-08-23T18:09:15.187+05:30

~~Table of Contents(toc)~~

1. List of documents produced by Presenting Officer

Ex-01: The Inquiry Officer encloses the 15 prosecution documents marked as PE-1 to PE-15, properly indexed, paginated, and signed on each page.

Ex-02: A separate folder containing all prosecution exhibits with an index sheet listing document number, description, date, and the date it was taken on record.

Ex-03: The Presenting Officer’s application for additional documents and the IA’s order allowing/refusing them are also enclosed in this section.

2. List of documents produced by Government Servant

Ex-01: The 5 defence documents marked as DE-1 to DE-5 are enclosed with proper index and cross-references to the evidence they support.

Ex-02: A folder containing the Charged Officer’s additional documents, medical certificates, affidavits, and other supporting material.

Ex-03: The Defence Assistant’s list of documents submitted during the inquiry, with copies of all documents admitted by the IA.

3. List of prosecution witnesses

Ex-01: A separate list showing PW-1 to PW-8, their designations, dates of examination, and brief description of their depositions.

Ex-02: Full depositions of all 8 prosecution witnesses in chronological order, with each page signed by the witness and the IA.

Ex-03: Summary chart of prosecution witnesses showing key points of testimony relevant to each charge.

4. List of defence witnesses

Ex-01: A list showing DW-1 to DW-5, their designations, dates of examination, and brief description of their depositions.

Ex-02: Full depositions of all 5 defence witnesses in chronological order, with signatures of witnesses and IA.

Ex-03: Summary chart of defence witnesses showing key points of testimony relevant to each charge.

5. Deposition of witnesses in order

Ex-01: The complete depositions of PW-1 (Examination-in-chief, Cross-examination, Re-examination) in chronological order, with numbered questions and answers.

Ex-02: All depositions bound in one volume, starting with prosecution witnesses (PW-1 to PW-8) followed by defence witnesses (DW-1 to DW-5).

Ex-03: Each deposition has a certificate: “Read over and explained to the witness and admitted by him/her” with the witness’s signature.

6. Written statement of defence

Ex-01: The Charged Officer’s initial written statement under Rule 20(4), the supplementary statement, and the response to the mandatory question.

Ex-02: A copy of the Charged Officer’s written brief submitted after the PO’s brief was supplied, with index and cross-references.

Ex-03: The Defence Assistant’s notes and submissions, if any, that formed part of the Charged Officer’s defence.

7. Applications and orders passed on them

Ex-01: The IA’s order dated 25.06.2023 allowing inspection of documents; order dated 01.07.2023 rejecting request for irrelevant documents; and the final order directing submission of briefs.

Ex-02: All oral requests made during the hearing and the IA’s rulings are recorded in the DOS and enclosed separately.

Ex-03: A separate section containing applications for adjournment, change of Defence Assistant, and the IA’s orders on each, with reasons.

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CCA Rules - Conduct of Inquiry - Inquiry Report Format (Part 2)

2026-08-23T18:06:11.418+05:30

~~Table of Contents(toc)~~

1. List of documents produced by Presenting Officer

Ex-01:

1) PE-1: Attendance Register (Original)

2) PE-2: Leave Register (Original)

3) PE-3: Medical Certificate (Prosecution Exhibit)

4) PE-4: Office Order No. 123 (Copy)

5) PE-5: Circular No. 456 (Copy)

6) PE-6: Letter dated 15.03.2023 (Original)

Ex -02:

1) PE-1: Contingent Register pages 5-20 (Original)

2) PE-2: Disbursement Register (Original)

3) PE-3: Audit Report for 2022-23 (Original)

4) PE-4: Bank Statement - January to March 2023

5) PE-5: Letter from Treasury Officer (Original)

6) PE-6: Certificate of verification (Original)

Ex -03:

1) PE-1: Sale Deed dated 01.01.2022 (Certified Copy)

2) PE-2: Registration Certificate No. 789 (Certified Copy)

3) PE-3: Tax Assessment Order (Copy)

4) PE-4: Salary Certificate for 2021-22

5) PE-5: Bank Passbook - Copy

6) PE-6: Income Tax Returns - Copy (2020-21)

2. List of documents produced by Government Servant

Ex -01:

1) DE-1: Application for leave dated 28.12.2022 (Copy)

2) DE-2: Medical Certificate from Private Hospital

3) DE-3: Affidavit of sister confirming illness

4) DE-4: Out-patient slip (Copy)

5) DE-5: Pharmacy bills

Ex -02:

1) DE-1: Property statement filed by wife

2) DE-2: Gift Deed from father-in-law

3) DE-3: Bank Statement of wife's account

4) DE-4: Family settlement deed

Ex -03:

1) DE-1: Noting on file showing head clerk's responsibility

2) DE-2: Work distribution order (Copy)

3) DE-3: Statement of co-charged officer

4) DE-4: Application for scrutiny of bills

5) DE-5: Letter to Treasury regarding bills

3. List of prosecution witnesses (State Witnesses)

Ex-01:

1) PW-1: Sri X, Head Clerk (custodian of attendance register)

2) PW-2: Smt Y, Section Officer (supervisory authority)

3) PW-3: Sri Z, Administrative Officer (confirming leave details)

4) PW-4: Dr. A, Medical Officer (Government Hospital)

Ex-02:

1) PW-1: Sri P, Accountant (custodian of contingent register)

2) PW-2: Sri Q, Audit Officer (who conducted the audit)

3) PW-3: Sri R, Treasury Officer (confirming bills)

4) PW-4: Sri S, Investigating Officer (ACB)

Ex-03:

1) PW-1: Sri M, Sub-Registrar (custodian of registration documents)

2) PW-2: Sri N, Bank Manager (account details)

3) PW-3: Sri O, Income Tax Officer (tax returns)

4) PW-4: Sri P, Witness to the transaction

4. List of defence witnesses

Ex-01:

1) DW-1: Sri A, Family Friend (can testify about illness)

2) DW-2: Smt B, Neighbor (confirmed CO was ill)

3) DW-3: Sri C, Co-employee (saw CO going to hospital)

Ex-02:

1) DW-1: Smt M, Wife of Charged Officer (property was hers)

2) DW-2: Sri N, Father-in-law (gave gift to his daughter)

3) DW-3: Sri O, Advocate (prepared the gift deed)

Ex-03:

1) DW-1: Sri K, Head Clerk (claimed responsibility for the bills)

2) DW-2: Sri L, Senior Assistant (could verify the CO's involvement)

3) DW-3: Sri M, Record Assistant (maintained the register)

5. Deposition of witnesses in order

Ex-01:

1) PW-1 examined-in-chief on 05.07.2023

2) PW-1 cross-examined on 05.07.2023

3) PW-1 re-examined on 05.07.2023

4) PW-2 examined-in-chief on 06.07.2023

5) PW-2 cross-examined on 06.07.2023

6) DW-1 examined-in-chief on 19.07.2023

7) DW-1 cross-examined on 19.07.2023

Ex-01:
“All witnesses were examined in the following chronological order: PW-1 (05.07.2023), PW-2 (05.07.2023), PW-3 (06.07.2023), PW-4 (06.07.2023), DW-1 (18.07.2023), DW-2 (18.07.2023), DW-3 (19.07.2023).”

Ex-02:
“The depositions of all 8 witnesses are appended to this report in the order they were recorded. Copies of all depositions have been provided to both parties.”

6. Written statement of defence

Ex-01:

1) Written statement under Rule 20(4) - dated 25.06.2023

2) Additional written statement - dated 15.07.2023

3) Response to mandatory question - dated 20.07.2023

Ex-02:
“The Charged Officer submitted his initial written statement on 20.06.2023 denying all charges. He submitted a supplementary statement on 10.07.2023 after perusing the prosecution evidence. Both are appended to this report.”

Ex-03:
“Written statement of defence was filed on 15.06.2023. The Charged Officer also submitted a brief on 25.07.2023. Copies of both are enclosed with the inquiry records.”

7. Applications and orders passed during inquiry

Ex-01:

1) Application dated 20.06.2023 for adjournment - Allowed

2) Application dated 25.06.2023 for additional documents - Partly allowed

3) Application dated 01.07.2023 for change of IA - Rejected with reasons

4) Oral request for cross-examination - Allowed

Ex-02:
“During the inquiry, the Charged Officer filed applications seeking leave of 3 days for personal reasons (allowed), production of 5 additional documents (3 allowed, 2 rejected for irrelevance), and change of Presenting Officer (rejected). Copies of all orders are in the file.”

Ex-03:
“The Charged Officer submitted an application dated 15.07.2023 seeking to recall State Witness No. 2 for further cross-examination. The request was allowed by oral order dated 16.07.2023. Details are recorded in DOS entry No. 12.”

8. Documents to be sent with Inquiry Report

1. List of documents produced by Presenting Officer

Ex-01: The Inquiry Officer encloses the 15 prosecution documents marked as PE-1 to PE-15, properly indexed, paginated, and signed on each page.

Ex-02: A separate folder containing all prosecution exhibits with an index sheet listing document number, description, date, and the date it was taken on record.

Ex-03: The Presenting Officer’s application for additional documents and the IA’s order allowing/refusing them are also enclosed in this section.

2. List of documents produced by Government Servant

Ex-01: The 5 defence documents marked as DE-1 to DE-5 are enclosed with proper index and cross-references to the evidence they support.

Ex-02: A folder containing the Charged Officer’s additional documents, medical certificates, affidavits, and other supporting material.

Ex-03: The Defence Assistant's list of documents submitted during the inquiry, with copies of all documents admitted by the IA.

3. List of prosecution witnesses

Ex-01: A separate list showing PW-1 to PW-8, their designations, dates of examination, and brief description of their depositions.

Ex-02: Full depositions of all 8 prosecution witnesses in chronological order, with each page signed by the witness and the IA.

Ex-03: Summary chart of prosecution witnesses showing key points of testimony relevant to each charge.

4. List of defence witnesses

Ex-01: A list showing DW-1 to DW-5, their designations, dates of examination, and brief description of their depositions.

Ex-02: Full depositions of all 5 defence witnesses in chronological order, with signatures of witnesses and IA.

Ex-03: Summary chart of defence witnesses showing key points of testimony relevant to each charge.

5. Deposition of witnesses in order

Ex-01: The complete depositions of PW-1 (Examination-in-chief, Cross-examination, Re-examination) in chronological order, with numbered questions and answers.

Ex-02: All depositions bound in one volume, starting with prosecution witnesses (PW-1 to PW-8) followed by defence witnesses (DW-1 to DW-5).

Ex-03: Each deposition has a certificate: "Read over and explained to the witness and admitted by him/her" with the witness's signature.

6. Written statement of defence

Ex-01: The Charged Officer’s initial written statement under Rule 20(4), the supplementary statement, and the response to the mandatory question.

Ex-02: A copy of the Charged Officer’s written brief submitted after the PO’s brief was supplied, with index and cross-references.

Ex-03: The Defence Assistant’s notes and submissions, if any, that formed part of the Charged Officer’s defence.

7. Applications and orders passed on them

Ex-01: The IA’s order dated 25.06.2023 allowing inspection of documents; order dated 01.07.2023 rejecting request for irrelevant documents; and the final order directing submission of briefs.

Ex-02: All oral requests made during the hearing and the IA’s rulings are recorded in the DOS and enclosed separately.

Ex-03: A separate section containing applications for adjournment, change of Defence Assistant, and the IA’s orders on each, with reasons.

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CCA Rules - Conduct of Inquiry - Inquiry Report Format (Part 1)

2026-08-23T18:00:01.694+05:30

~~Table of Contents(toc)~~

1. Introductory para indicating appointment and dates

Ex-01: “I, Sri X, Superintendent, O/o the District Collector, was appointed as Inquiry Authority vide Proceedings No. 1234/2023, dated 01.06.2023 by the District Collector to inquire into the charges framed against Sri Y, Senior Assistant. The preliminary hearing was held on 15.06.2023, regular hearings on 05.07.2023, 12.07.2023, and 19.07.2023. The inquiry concluded on 02.08.2023.”

Ex-02: “Under Rule 20(2) of APCS CCA Rules, 1991, I was appointed by the Commissioner of Commercial Taxes vide Memo No. 456/2023, dated 01.05.2023. The Charged Officer, Sri Z, Junior Assistant, participated in all hearings. The oral evidence was recorded on six dates between 01.06.2023 and 15.07.2023.”

Ex-03: “I was appointed as Inquiry Officer vide GO Rt. No. 789, G.A. (Ser.C) Dept., dated 15.03.2023, in respect of charges against Sri A, Mandal Revenue Officer. The inquiry was held on 10 dates between 01.04.2023 and 30.06.2023. The Charged Officer was assisted by Sri B, Retired Government Servant, as Defence Assistant.”

2. Charges that were framed

Ex-01: “The following three charges were framed against Sri Y, Senior Assistant:

Charge I: That Sri Y remained absent from duty without sanction for 45 days from 01/01/2023 to 14/02/2023, violating Rule 3(1) of Conduct Rules.

Charge II: That Sri Y submitted a false medical certificate to justify his absence.

Charge III: That Sri Y failed to hand over charge to the relieving officer before proceeding on leave.”

Ex-02: “Charge I: Violation of Rule 9 of Conduct Rules - Sri A acquired immovable property worth Rs. 50,00,000/- without prior intimation to the Competent Authority.

Charge II: Sri A failed to submit Annual Property Statement for the year 2022 as required under Rule 9(7) of Conduct Rules.”

Ex-03: “The articles of charge against Sri Z, Junior Assistant:

Article I - Misappropriation of Government funds by falsifying contingent bills;

Article II - Forging signatures of the Gazetted Officer on the bills;

Article III - Destruction of official records to conceal the fraud.”

3. Brief statement of the case of disciplinary authority

Ex-01: “The case of the Disciplinary Authority is that Sri Y, Senior Assistant, was entrusted with maintenance of the contingent register and disbursement of imprest amount. Between January and March 2023, he submitted 12 bills totalling Rs. 2,50,000/- without proper vouchers. Audit revealed that the bills were fictitious and the amount was misappropriated.”

Ex-02: “The Disciplinary Authority alleges that Sri A acquired a house property at Hyderabad in the name of his wife without prior intimation to the Competent Authority as required under Rule 9(1) of the Conduct Rules. The property was valued at Rs. 65,00,000/- in the registration documents.”

Ex-03: “The case is that Sri Z, while working as Junior Assistant at the Sub-Treasury, facilitated fraudulent withdrawal of Government funds by creating fictitious entries in the cash book and misappropriating the amounts between January 2022 and December 2022.”

4. Brief statement of facts and documents admitted

Ex-01: “The Charged Officer admitted the fact that he was absent from duty from 01.01.2023 to 14.02.2023. He admitted the genuineness of the attendance register (Document No. 1) and the leave register (Document No. 2). These documents were taken on record without formal proof.”

Ex-02: “Sri A admitted that he had purchased the property at Hyderabad. He admitted the genuineness of the sale deed (Document No. 5) and the registration certificate (Document No. 6). However, he disputed the value mentioned in the documents.”

Ex-03: “The Charged Officer admitted the genuineness of documents listed at SI. Nos. 1 to 10, including the cash book and the contingent register. These were marked as PE-1 to PE-10 without calling the witnesses to prove them.”

5. Brief statement of explanation of the Government Servant

Ex-01: “In his written statement of defence, Sri Y stated that he was suffering from severe illness and was under treatment at the Government Hospital. He claimed that he had submitted a leave application through the office peon, which was misplaced. He submitted a medical certificate issued by a private doctor.”

Ex-02: “Sri A’s defence is that the property was purchased by his wife from her personal savings and income from her ancestral property. He claimed that he had no involvement in the transaction and had no obligation to report it.”

Ex-03: “The Charged Officer contended that the contingent bills were prepared by the head clerk and he only signed them without verifying the details. He claimed that he was not aware of the misappropriation and that the head clerk had misused his trust.”

6. Assessment of evidence in respect of each point

Ex-01: “On Charge I - Unauthorised absence: The attendance register (PE-1) shows absence from 01.01.2023 to 14.02.2023. The leave register (PE-2) shows no leave sanctioned for this period. The Charged Officer admitted these documents. The medical certificate submitted by him (DE-1) is from a private doctor who was not examined as a witness. In the absence of independent evidence of hospitalization, the absence is held as unauthorized.”

Ex-02: “On Charge II - Acquisition of property: The sale deed (PE-5) shows the property in the name of the Charged Officer’s wife. Bank statements (PE-6 to PE-8) show deposits from the Charged Officer’s salary account. The wife was not examined as a witness. The Charged Officer's explanation lacks corroboration. The charge is proved.”

Ex-03: “On Charge I - Misappropriation: The contingent register (PE-1 to PE-5) shows payments made without vouchers. Audit report (PE-6) confirms irregularity. State Witness No. 3 (Auditor) testified about the discrepancies. The Charged Officer’s defence that he signed without verification is not acceptable as he was responsible for verifying bills. The charge is proved.”

7. Finding on each charge - no recommendation about punishment

Ex-01: “On Charge I, the evidence is clear and uncontroverted. The Charged Officer failed to provide proper justification for his absence. The attendance register and leave register are conclusive. Therefore, Charge I is held as PROVED.”

Ex-02: “On Charge II, the Charged Officer has not been able to satisfactorily explain the source of funds for the property acquisition. The bank statements are consistent with his income. The charge is held as PROVED.”

Ex-03: “On Charge III, the evidence is insufficient. The Charged Officer’s explanation appears reasonable. There is no witness to confirm the destruction of records. Therefore, Charge III is held as NOT PROVED.”

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CCA Rules - Conduct of Inquiry - Demeanour of Witnesses

2026-08-23T17:56:48.639+05:30

1. Hesitation

Ex-01: State Witness No.3, when asked about the Charged Officer’s involvement, pauses for 10 seconds before answering: “I... I... think I saw him at the office.” The IA notes this hesitation in the record.

Ex-02: The witness hesitates when asked to confirm the signature on a document, suggesting he may not want to incriminate the Charged Officer.

Ex-03: The witness starts speaking, stops, and then says: “I don’t remember clearly,” indicating possible coaching or fear.

2. Doubts

Ex-01: The witness says: “I think it was 15^th May... no, wait, maybe 16^th May... I am not very sure.” The IA notes the doubt in the deposition.

Ex-02: When questioned about the amount involved, the witness says: “It might be Rs.5,000 or Rs.10,000... I don't exactly remember.”

Ex-03: The witness expresses doubt: “The signature appears to be his, but it could also be someone else’s. I cannot say with certainty.”

3. Pace of deposition

Ex-01: The witness speaks rapidly when answering questions favorable to the Charged Officer but speaks slowly and deliberately when cross-examined about incriminating evidence.

Ex-02: The witness answers some questions quickly but pauses for long periods before answering questions about the Charged Officer's misconduct.

Ex-03: The witness’s speed of speech varies, suggesting he is comfortable with rehearsed answers but struggles with unanticipated questions.

4. Variations in tone

Ex-01: The witness speaks calmly when describing routine office work but his voice rises and becomes aggressive when questioned about the Charged Officer's integrity.

Ex-02: The witness’s tone is defensive when answering questions about his own role in the incident, but matter-of-fact when describing others’ roles.

Ex-03: The witness speaks in a subdued tone when confirming the Charged Officer’s misconduct but becomes loud and confident when denying any personal involvement.

5. Confidence

Ex-01: Defence Witness No. 1 answers all questions confidently, maintaining consistent eye contact with the IA, indicating a truthful and reliable witness.

Ex-02: The witness loses confidence when the Presenting Officer confronts him with contradictory documentary evidence, and starts stammering.

Ex-03: The witness shows overconfidence and becomes argumentative with the PO, suggesting a personal interest in the case outcome.

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CCA Rules - Conduct of Inquiry - Source Material for Written Brief

2026-08-23T17:53:44.736+05:30

~~Table of Contents(toc)~~

1. Charge Sheet

Ex-01: The Presenting Officer takes Article I of the charge (“Violation of Rule 3(1) of Conduct Rules - absence from duty without sanction for 30 days”) and cites the specific dates and periods from the charge sheet in his brief.

Ex-02: The Charge Sheet mentions that the Charged Officer submitted a false LTC claim. The PO uses this as the opening point in his brief, establishing the basis of the case.

Ex-03: The PO refers to the annexures of the Charge Sheet (Statement of Imputations, List of Documents, List of Witnesses) to build the Charge-Fact-Evidence co-relation in his brief.

2. Statement of defence given by CO at various stages

Ex-01: The CO’s initial statement: “I deny all charges” is contrasted with his detailed defence statement filed after reviewing documents. The PO uses this to show inconsistency.

Ex-02: During the inquiry, the CO submitted an additional written statement after the prosecution evidence. The PO uses this to show new arguments raised belatedly.

Ex-03: The CO’s defence in response to the mandatory question is quoted in the PO’s brief to show that his explanation contradicts documentary evidence.

3. Evidence led by parties - documentary and oral

Ex-01: The PO refers to documents marked as PE-1 to PE-15 (prosecution exhibits) and DE-1 to DE-8 (defence exhibits) to establish facts in his brief.

Ex-02: The PO quotes the oral evidence of State Witness No. 3: “I saw the Charged Officer signing the attendance register on 15th May even though he was not present in office.”

Ex-03: Defence Witness No. 2’s statement: “The Charged Officer had applied for leave orally” is contrasted with the written record showing no leave application.

4. Daily Order Sheet

Ex-01: The PO cites DOS entries showing the Charged Officer was granted 5 adjournments on his request, to counter the CO’s potential argument of “denial of reasonable opportunity.”

Ex-02: The DOS records show that the CO was permitted to inspect all documents. The PO uses this to prove that no opportunity was denied.

Ex-03: The PO refers to the DOS entry where the CO admitted the genuineness of 7 documents, which were taken on record without formal proof.

5. Interlocutory Orders passed by IA

Ex-01: The IA’s order rejecting the CO’s request for a document on grounds of privilege is quoted to explain why the PO did not produce it.

Ex-02: The IA’s order allowing the CO to engage a Defence Assistant from another station is referenced to show that the IA was fair to the CO.

Ex-03: The IA’s order disallowing the PO’s request for new evidence is cited to show the IA’s impartiality and adherence to rules.

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CCA Rules - Conduct of Inquiry - Post-Hearing Stage (Advantages of Written Briefs)

2026-08-23T17:49:07.156+05:30

~~Table of Contents(toc)~~

1. Saves extra labour of recording arguments

Ex-01: In a case involving 15 witnesses and 20 documents, the Presenting Officer's written brief of 20 pages summarizes all evidence, saving the IA from taking notes during verbal arguments.

Ex-02: The Charged Officer’s brief covers 30 pages of arguments. If argued orally, the IA would need to take detailed notes and reduce them to writing, taking several days.

Ex-03: A complex case involving forgery charges has the PO's brief neatly organized charge-wise, making it easy for the IA to assess evidence without relying on memory of oral arguments.

2. Written brief is less difficult than oral argument

Ex-01: A Junior Assistant as Presenting Officer may be a good writer but nervous in public speaking. Written brief allows him to present the case effectively without the stress of oral argument.

Ex-02: The Charged Officer, a senior officer with over 30 years of service, is articulate in writing but finds it difficult to present complex legal arguments orally. Written brief helps him express his defence fully.

Ex-03: The Presenting Officer in a technical case can carefully phrase technical points in writing, ensuring precision, whereas oral argument might miss important technical nuances.

3. Officials are more familiar with written submissions

Ex-01: A Superintendent (Presenting Officer) prepares official proposals and notes regularly. He applies the same skill in drafting the written brief, ensuring all points are properly covered.

Ex-02: The Charged Officer, a Section Officer, is used to drafting responses to Government orders. The written brief format is familiar and comfortable for him.

Ex-03: The Presenting Officer, who handles administrative files daily, structures the brief in the same format as departmental submissions, following the Charge-Fact-Evidence co-relation.

4. Written briefs can be rechecked to avoid omissions

Ex-01: Before submitting the written brief, the Presenting Officer shares it with the Disciplinary Authority for review, who notices that a key document was omitted. The PO includes it before final submission.

Ex-02: The Charged Officer revises his written brief after a colleague points out that his defence witnesses' statements are not properly linked to the charge.

Ex-03: The Presenting Officer’s assistant finds a missing reference to a crucial Supreme Court judgment. The PO incorporates it in the final draft.

5. Written briefs can be vetted by appropriate authorities

Ex-01: The Presenting Officer, a Section Officer, gets the written brief vetted by the Head of Department to ensure it correctly represents the Disciplinary Authority’s case.

Ex-02: The Charged Officer gets his written brief vetted by the Defence Assistant, who points out sections that need strengthening with additional citations.

Ex-03: The Presenting Officer in a complex case involving interpretation of Conduct Rules gets the brief checked by the Legal Department to ensure legal arguments are sound.

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CCA Rules - Conduct of Inquiry - Regular Hearing Stage Activities

2026-08-23T17:41:11.869+05:30

~~Table of Contents(toc)~~

1. Monitoring the conduct of examination of witnesses

Ex-01: During examination-in-chief, the Presenting Officer asks a leading question: “You saw the Charged Officer accepting the bribe, didn't you?” The IA immediately intervenes: “Objection! Leading question. Please rephrase.”

Ex-02: During cross-examination, the Defence Assistant repeatedly asks irrelevant questions about the witness’s personal life. The IA intervenes: “Questions must be confined to the matter in issue. Please proceed to relevant matters.”

Ex-03: The IA observes that the Presenting Officer is not covering key facts while examining a witness. He discreetly asks the PO to ensure all relevant evidence is brought on record.

2. Recording the statements of witnesses

Ex-01: Prosecution Witness No. 2 gives a detailed narration of events. The IA records the statement in narrative form and gets it signed by the witness after reading it to him.

Ex-02: During cross-examination, the Defence Assistant's questions and the witness’s answers are recorded in question-answer format, numbered for easy reference (Q.1, Q.2, A.1, A.2).

Ex-03: A witness deposes in Telugu, but statements are recorded in English. The IA reads back the Telugu translation to the witness and records a certificate: “Statement read over and explained to the witness in Telugu and admitted by him.”

3. Recording the demeanour of witnesses

Ex-01: The IA notes in the DOS: “Prosecution Witness No. 3 appeared nervous, was hesitant in answering, avoided eye contact while confirming the signed statement given during preliminary enquiry.”

Ex-02: The IA records: “Defence Witness No. 1 was calm and composed, answered confidently, and had no hesitation while deposing against the Charged Officer.”

Ex-03: The IA notes: “Witness appeared to have memorized the answers, spoke mechanically, and was unable to answer cross-questions, suggesting tutoring.”

4. Deciding objections about questions during examination

Ex-01: The Presenting Officer objects: “The Defence Assistant is asking the witness about facts not in evidence.” The IA upholds the objection and disallows the question.

Ex-02: The CO objects: “The Presenting Officer is asking a leading question to his own witness.” The IA sustains the objection and directs rephrasing.

Ex-03: The Defence Assistant asks an indecent question. The IA rules: “Question is improper and prohibited under law. Disallowed.”

5. Deciding requests for introducing additional witnesses

Ex-01: The Presenting Officer requests permission to introduce an additional witness not listed in Annexure-IV, citing inherent lacuna in evidence. The IA grants permission under Rule 20(11)(a) of CCA Rules.

Ex-02: The CO seeks to introduce a new witness after prosecution’s case is closed. The IA permits, recording that this is necessary in the interest of justice.

Ex-03: The Presenting Officer attempts to introduce new evidence to fill a gap in the evidence. The IA disallows, applying the Note under Rule 20(11) of CCA Rules.

6. Deciding requests for adjournment

Ex-01: The CO requests adjournment on medical grounds and produces a medical certificate. The IA grants adjournment for 7 days, with directions to produce a fitness certificate before the next hearing.

Ex-02: The PO is absent due to an official meeting. The IA, without issuing formal adjournment, allows the Deputy PO to proceed as per Rule 8(15) of AIS Rules.

Ex-03: The CO repeatedly seeks adjournments without valid reason. The IA records: “This is the 4^th request without any valid ground. Request denied. Proceedings to continue.”

7. Recording the demeanour of witnesses

Ex-01: The IA observes that a witness’s voice started shaking during cross-examination when asked about specific dates, indicating discomfort with the truth.

Ex-02: The IA notes in the record: “Witness was smiling when answering questions about serious allegations, which appears inappropriate for the occasion.”

Ex-03: The IA notes: “The witness maintained consistent eye contact with the Charged Officer throughout the deposition, suggesting intimidation.”

8. Asking the CO to state his defence

Ex-01: The Presenting Officer completes the prosecution case by 15th July. On 16^th July, the IA addresses the CO: “The case of the Disciplinary Authority is closed. Please state your defence, either orally or in writing, as per Rule 20(12)(a).”

Ex-02: The CO chooses to give oral defence. The IA records it in the DOS and obtains the CO’s signature as required by Rule 20(12)(b).

Ex-03: The CO requests 5 days to submit written defence. The IA adjourns the case to a date not exceeding five days, as per Rule 20(12)(a).

9. Putting mandatory questions on conclusion of defence case

Ex-01: The CO completes his defence evidence and has not examined himself as a witness. The IA asks: “Do you wish to explain the circumstances appearing against you in the evidence, particularly the signatures on the documents that have been marked as PE-1 to PE-5?”

Ex-02: The IA questions the CO: “The evidence shows that you were present at the office on 15th May. Your defence says you were on leave. Please explain this contradiction.”

Ex-03: The IA asks: “The prosecution has produced evidence of your property acquisition. Your defence has not addressed the source of funds for these properties. Would you like to explain?”

10. Giving directions for submission of written briefs

Ex-01: The IA directs: “The Presenting Officer shall submit his written brief within 7 days. A copy shall be provided to the Charged Officer, who may submit his brief within 7 days thereafter.”

Ex-02: The IA fixes timeline: “PO’s brief by 25^th July, CO’s brief by 5^th August. No further extensions will be granted except in exceptional circumstances.”

Ex-03: The IA directs that both briefs must be in triplicate, with one copy to the IA, one to the other party, and one for the official record.

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CCA Rules - Conduct of Inquiry - Preparation for Regular Hearing

2026-08-23T17:36:49.003+05:30

~~Table of Contents(toc)~~

1. Fixing the date of regular hearing

Ex-01: After completing inspection and finalizing defence documents by 25^th June, the IA issues summons on 26^th June and fixes the regular hearing for 5^th July, giving witnesses adequate time to prepare.

Ex-02: The IA fixes the regular hearing on 10^th July, considering that Prosecution Witness No. 3 (from Visakhapatnam) requires 4 days to travel to the venue in Guntur.

Ex-03: The IA writes to the Controlling Officers of all witnesses, requesting their attendance on the fixed dates and warning that failure to appear will be reported to higher authorities.

2. Issue of summons

Ex-01: The IA issues Form No.19 summons to the custodians of official records, directing them to produce all relevant records as per the list of additional documents admitted by the IA.

Ex-02: The IA, being authorized under Section 5 of the AP Departmental Inquiries Act, issues summons to a private party who has relevant documents for the case.

Ex-03: The IA issues summons to Prosecution Witness No. 1 (a subordinate officer) and informs his Controlling Officer that his attendance is mandatory, as per the instructions in Memo No.3263/SC-E/95-1.

3. Fix dates for regular hearing sessions

Ex-01: The IA schedules the hearing from 10^th to 14^th July, coordinating with both parties to ensure availability. Witnesses are notified of their specific dates.

Ex-02: The IA fixes morning sessions for Prosecution witnesses and afternoon sessions for defence witnesses, ensuring efficient use of time.

Ex-03: The IA writes to the Anti-Corruption Bureau (for ACB-initiated cases) requesting the Investigating Officer's presence on the first date of regular hearing.

4. Regular Hearing Stage Activities

1. Monitoring the conduct of examination of witnesses

Ex-03: The IA observes that the Presenting Officer is not covering key facts while examining a witness. He discreetly asks the PO to ensure all relevant evidence is brought on record.

2. Recording the statements of witnesses

Ex-01: Prosecution Witness No. 2 gives a detailed narration of events. The IA records the statement in narrative form and gets it signed by the witness after reading it to him.

Ex-02: During cross-examination, the Defence Assistant’s questions and the witness’s answers are recorded in question-answer format, numbered for easy reference (Q.1, Q.2, A.1, A.2).

3. Recording the demeanour of witnesses

Ex-02: The IA records: “Defence Witness No. 1 was calm and composed, answered confidently, and had no hesitation while deposing against the Charged Officer.”

Ex-03: The IA notes: “Witness appeared to have memorized the answers, spoke mechanically, and was unable to answer cross-questions, suggesting tutoring.”

4. Deciding objections about questions during examination

Ex-01: The Presenting Officer objects: “The Defence Assistant is asking the witness about facts not in evidence.” The IA upholds the objection and disallows the question.

Ex-02: The CO objects: “The Presenting Officer is asking a leading question to his own witness.” The IA sustains the objection and directs rephrasing.

Ex-03: The Defence Assistant asks an indecent question. The IA rules: “Question is improper and prohibited under law. Disallowed.”

5. Deciding requests for introducing additional witnesses

Ex-02: The CO seeks to introduce a new witness after prosecution’s case is closed. The IA permits, recording that this is necessary in the interest of justice.

Ex-03: The Presenting Officer attempts to introduce new evidence to fill a gap in the evidence. The IA disallows, applying the Note under Rule 20(11) of CCA Rules.

6. Deciding requests for adjournment

Ex-02: The PO is absent due to an official meeting. The IA, without issuing formal adjournment, allows the Deputy PO to proceed as per Rule 8(15) of AIS Rules.

Ex-03: The CO repeatedly seeks adjournments without valid reason. The IA records: “This is the 4^th request without any valid ground. Request denied. Proceedings to continue.”

7. Recording the demeanour of witnesses

Ex-01: The IA observes that a witness’s voice started shaking during cross-examination when asked about specific dates, indicating discomfort with the truth.

Ex-02: The IA notes in the record: “Witness was smiling when answering questions about serious allegations, which appears inappropriate for the occasion.”

Ex-03: The IA notes: “The witness maintained consistent eye contact with the Charged Officer throughout the deposition, suggesting intimidation.”

8. Asking the CO to state his defence

Ex-01: The Presenting Officer completes the prosecution case by 15^th July. On 16^th July, the IA addresses the CO: “The case of the Disciplinary Authority is closed. Please state your defence, either orally or in writing, as per Rule 20(12)(a).”

Ex-02: The CO chooses to give oral defence. The IA records it in the DOS and obtains the CO's signature as required by Rule 20(12)(b).

Ex-03: The CO requests 5 days to submit written defence. The IA adjourns the case to a date not exceeding five days, as per Rule 20(12)(a).

9. Putting mandatory questions on conclusion of defence case

Ex-02: The IA questions the CO: “The evidence shows that you were present at the office on 15th May. Your defence says you were on leave. Please explain this contradiction.”

Ex-03: The IA asks: “The prosecution has produced evidence of your property acquisition. Your defence has not addressed the source of funds for these properties. Would you like to explain?”

10. Giving directions for submission of written briefs

Ex-02: The IA fixes timeline: “PO’s brief by 25^th July, CO’s brief by 5^th August. No further extensions will be granted except in exceptional circumstances.”

Ex-03: The IA directs that both briefs must be in triplicate, with one copy to the IA, one to the other party, and one for the official record.

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CCA Rules - Conduct of Inquiry - Preliminary Hearing Stage Activities

2026-08-23T17:31:03.605+05:30

~~Table of Contents(toc)~~

1. Making arrangements for conducting the hearing

Ex-01: The Inquiry Authority ensures a spacious room with adequate seating, a table for himself, and separate seating arrangements for the Presenting Officer and Charged Officer at equal distance, avoiding any perception of favoritism.

Ex-02: The IA arranges for a stenographer to record proceedings and ensures that no unauthorized persons are present in the hearing room. He posts a notice outside: “Departmental Inquiry in progress - Unauthorized entry prohibited.”

Ex-03: The IA makes sure the room is well-lit, has a computer for preparing DOS, and has a notice board to display daily schedules. All participants are provided with nameplates for identification.

2. Setting the stage for smooth conduct of hearing

Ex-01: Before the parties arrive, the IA prepares the format for recording the plea. He reads the charge sheet thoroughly and makes notes of key facts to be covered during the preliminary hearing.

Ex-02: The IA ensures that the original documents listed in Annexure-III have been received from the Presenting Officer and are ready for inspection. He confirms that the Presenting Officer has arranged for document inspection.

Ex-03: The IA verifies that the Charged Officer has been informed about the right to take assistance of a Defence Assistant or retired Government servant, as per Note (2) under Rule 20(5)(c) of CCA Rules.

3. Asking the statutory questions

Ex-01: At the first hearing, the IA asks the Charged Officer: “Do you admit the genuineness of the documents listed in Annexure-III?” The CO replies: “I admit documents No.1 to 5, but dispute documents No.6 to 10.” The IA records this admission.

Ex-02: The IA questions: “Do you plead guilty to the charges framed against you?” The CO responds: “I plead not guilty to all charges.” The IA records the plea and obtains the CO's signature on the record.

Ex-03: The IA asks: “Have you received copies of all documents mentioned in Annexure-III?” The CO confirms receipt. The IA records: “Charged Officer confirms receipt of all listed documents.”

4. Finalisation of question of Defence Assistant

Ex-01: The Charged Officer states he wishes to engage Sri A (Senior Assistant) as his Defence Assistant. The IA confirms that Sri A does not have more than two pending disciplinary cases on hand as per Note (1) under Rule 20(5)(c).

Ex-02: The IA checks whether the proposed Defence Assistant is dealing with the same case in official capacity. Upon confirmation that he is not, the IA permits the nomination and informs the Controlling Officer.

Ex-03: The CO requests a Defence Assistant from another station. The IA records reasons in writing for allowing this request, considering that the CO's department has limited personnel at the local station.

5. Fixing dates for inspection of documents

Ex-01: The IA orders: “The Charged Officer may inspect the original documents listed in Annexure-III on 20th June between 10:00 AM and 1:00 PM in the office of the Presenting Officer.”

Ex-02: The Charged Officer requests inspection at his office. The IA permits inspection at the Presenting Officer’s office but directs the PO to ensure safe custody and presence during inspection.

Ex-03: The IA allows the DA to inspect documents on behalf of the CO and fixes two dates: 20^th June for original inspection and 25^th June for inspection of additional documents, if required.

6. Fixing dates for submission of list of additional documents

Ex-01: The IA directs: “Submit within five days a list of additional documents you require for defence, indicating their relevance.” The CO submits the list on the 5^th day itself.

Ex-02: The CO requests certified copies of certain files. The IA fixes a date: “Submit your list of additional documents by 22^nd June. The relevance of each document must be clearly indicated.”

Ex-03: The CO seeks time extension for submitting the list due to the bulk of documents. The IA grants a further extension of three days, recording reasons in the DOS.

7. Finalisation of documents and witnesses admissible for defence

Ex-01: The CO requests 15 documents and 5 witnesses. The IA examines each request for relevance and admits 12 documents and 4 witnesses, rejecting irrelevant requests with recorded reasons.

Ex-02: A CO requests a document that is privileged (advice of Vigilance Commission). The IA refuses requisition, recording: “This document is privileged under Rule 44 of CCA Rules and not relevant for defence.”

Ex-03: The IA admits a witness requested by the CO but notes: “Witness is from another department. Summons will be issued as per Section 5 of AP Departmental Inquiries Act, 1993.”

8. Taking action for procuring additional documents

Ex-01: The IA directs the Presenting Officer to arrange for production of defence documents from their custodians. However, he reminds the PO to transmit documents in sealed covers to avoid allegations of tampering.

Ex-02: The IA writes to the Head of the Department, requesting production of defence documents, and gives a 10-day deadline for compliance.

Ex-03: The IA notes that one of the documents requested by the CO is not available as it was destroyed under record retention policy. He communicates this to the CO and permits him to seek alternative evidence.

9. Settling the issue of disputed documents

Ex-01: The CO disputes the genuineness of Document No. 3 (an attendance register). The IA notes: “This document will be introduced through oral evidence of the custodian witness.”

Ex-02: The CO denies ever signing a particular document. The IA rules: “Document No. 7 will be marked as SE-7 after the handwriting expert (Prosecution Witness No. 4) is examined.”

Ex-03: The CO admits certain documents but disputes others. The IA states: “Admitted documents will be taken on record without formal proof. Disputed documents will be proved through witnesses listed in Annexure-IV.”

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CCA Rules - Conduct of Inquiry - Pre-Hearing Stage

2026-08-23T17:23:50.543+05:30

~~Table of Contents(toc)~~

1. Verifying the appointment order and the enclosed documents

Ex-01: A Superintendent (Inquiry Authority) receives an appointment order to inquire into charges against a Senior Assistant for alleged misappropriation of funds. The Superintendent checks that the order was issued by the correct Disciplinary Authority (the Head of Department) and verifies that all enclosures mentioned in the order are present, including the charge sheet, statement of imputations, and list of documents and witnesses.

Ex-02: The Inquiry Authority notices that the charge sheet mentions “violation of Rule 9 of APCS Conduct Rules, 1964” but the enclosed statement of imputations refers to “Rule 9(4)”. The IA brings this discrepancy to the Disciplinary Authority’s attention for correction before proceeding.

Ex-03: The Inquiry Authority verifies that the written statement of defence submitted by the Charged Officer is properly signed and dated, and confirms that the Controlling Officer of the Charged Officer and the Presenting Officer have been informed of the hearing date as required.

2. Analysing and understanding the Charges

Ex-01: The Inquiry Officer receives a charge against a Junior Assistant for “unauthorized absence from duty for 45 days.” The IA analyses: What was the employee required to do? (obtain proper leave sanction). What did he fail to do? (apply for leave or report for duty). Which rule was violated? (Rule 3(1) of APCS Conduct Rules - devotion to duty).

Ex-02: A charge states that a Section Officer “failed to maintain absolute integrity” by recommending a relative’s tender without disclosure. The Inquiry Officer breaks this down: The fact is the tender recommendation; the omission is failure to disclose relationship; the conduct rule violated is Rule 3(1) requiring maintenance of integrity and impartiality.

Ex-03: A charge against a Mandal Revenue Officer for “misconduct” is analyzed: What did he do? He accepted a gift from a contractor. What was required? Under Rule 6 of Conduct Rules, no gift shall be accepted from persons having official dealings. The IA identifies this as a clear violation of specific conduct rules rather than a vague allegation.

3. Acknowledging the appointment

Ex-01: The Inquiry Authority receives the appointment order on 1^st June. On the same day, he sends an acknowledgment to the Disciplinary Authority stating that he has taken charge of the matter and will commence proceedings as per Rule 20 of CCA Rules, 1991.

Ex-02: The Inquiry Officer, due to his pending transfer, informs the Disciplinary Authority within 48 hours that he may not be able to complete the inquiry and requests reallocation to another IA to avoid delay.

Ex-03: The IA acknowledges receipt but points out that the records sent are incomplete - the copies of statements of witnesses (Annexure III) are missing. He requests the Disciplinary Authority to supply the complete documents before fixing the preliminary hearing.

4. Establishing Process

Ex-01: The Inquiry Authority creates Daily Order Sheet No.1 on the day of receiving appointment, recording: “Received appointment order from the Disciplinary Authority. Acknowledged receipt. Scheduled preliminary hearing for 15th June. Notices dispatched to Presenting Officer and Charged Officer.”

Ex-02: On 5^th June, the IA issues the first set of notices. The Daily Order Sheet records: “Notices issued to Presenting Officer (Sri X, Section Officer) and Charged Officer (Sri Y, Senior Assistant) for appearance on 15^th June at 11:00 AM in the Conference Hall. Both notices sent via registered post and acknowledgment due.”

Ex-03: The IA maintains a separate file for all correspondence and orders. The Daily Order Sheet captures: “Defence Assistant nomination received from Charged Officer - Sri Z, another Senior Assistant from same department. Controlling Officer informed and DA’s availability confirmed.”

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ప్రశ్నలు, జవాబులు

2026-08-02T19:30:40.769+05:30

ప్రశ్న : పిహెచ్ అలవెన్స్ ఏ ఏ సందర్భాలలో కోత విధిస్తారు.

జవాబు : సిఎల్ మినహా మిగిలిన సెలవులలో ఉన్న సందర్భంలో వేసవి, దసరా, సంక్రాంతి సెలవులలోను పిహెచ్ అలవెన్స్ చెల్లించరు.

ప్రశ్న : ఆగష్టు 15, జనవరి 26 ఉపాధ్యాయులు హాజరు పట్టీలో సంతకం చేయాలి. బయోమెట్రిక్ వేయాలి అంటున్నారు. సరియైనదేనా?

జవాబు : అవసరం లేదు. ఆ రెండు రోజులు సెలవు దినాలు. కాబట్టి సంతకం చేయాల్సిన అవసరం లేదు. అయితే పాఠశాలలో జరిగే కార్యక్రమాలకు హాజరు కావాలి.

ప్రశ్న : ఒక ఉపాధ్యాయుని సేవా పుస్తకంలో సెన్సూర్ అని శిక్షా కాలము నమోదు చేయబడినది. దాని వివరము తెలుపగలరు.

జవాబు : సిసిఎ నిబంధనలలో 9(i) రూల్ ప్రకారం మరియు జీఓ ఎమ్ఎస్ నం.53; తేదీ.04.02.1997 ప్రకారం సెన్సూర్ స్వల్ప దండనగా పరిగణించబడుతుంది. సెన్సూర్ వర్తించిన ఉద్యోగికి ఒక సంవత్సరం కాలం పదోన్నతులకు అర్హత ఉండదు.

ప్రశ్న : నేను ఇటీవల ఒక మగబిడ్డను ప్రసవించాను. బిడ్డను వెంటిలేషన్ పై ఉంచారు. మెడికల్ రీయింబర్స్‌మెంట్ క్లయిమ్ చేయవచ్చా? ఎంత చెల్లిస్తారు? అలాగే నా డెలివరీ ఖర్చులను కూడా క్లయిమ్ చేయవచ్చా?

జవాబు : చేయవచ్చు. మెడికల్ రీయింబర్స్‌మెంట్ గరిష్టంగా రెండు లక్షలవరకు చెల్లిస్తారు. జీఓ ఎమ్ఎస్ నం.74 హెల్త్ & మెడికల్, తేదీ.15.03.2005 ప్రకారం డెలివరీ ఖర్చులను కూడా క్లయిమ్ చేయవచ్చు. అయితే మీరు క్లయిమ్ చేసే ఆసుపత్రి రిఫరల్ హాస్పిటల్ అయి ఉండాలి.

ప్రశ్న : గృహ రుణం తీసుకుని ఉన్నాను. ఇంకా ఇంటి నిర్మాణం పూర్తి కాలేదు. బ్యాంకులో ప్రతినెలా వడ్డీ చెల్లిస్తున్నాను. ఆదాయపు పన్ను మినహాయింపులో వడ్డీ చూపించుకోవచ్చా?

జవాబు : ఆదాయపు పన్ను నిబంధనల ప్రకారం ఇంటి నిర్మాణం పూర్తి అయిన తర్వాతనే వడ్డీ మినహాయింపు వర్తిస్తుంది. అయితే నిర్మాణంలో ఉన్న సమయంలో చెల్లించిన వడ్డీని నిర్మాణం పూర్తి అయిన తదుపరి 5 సం॥లలో వాయిదాల ప్రకారం చూపించుకుని మినహాయింపు పొందవచ్చు.

ప్రశ్న : నేను 2012 నుండి అనంతపురంలో ఎస్‌జిటిగా పని చేస్తున్నాను. రాబోవు డిఎస్‌సిలోను ఎస్‌జిటిగా గుంటూరు జిల్లాలో ఎంపిక కాబడితే నాకు వేతన రక్షణ వర్తిస్తుందా?

జవాబు : మీరు ఉన్నతాధికారుల అనుమతితో డిఎస్‌సి పరీక్షకు హాజరైతే మీకు వేతన రక్షణ ఉంటుంది.

ప్రశ్న : పెన్షన్ కమ్యూటేషన్‌పై సీలింగ్ ఉన్నదా?

జవాబు : పెన్షన్‌లో గరిష్టంగా 40% మాత్రమే కమ్యూటెడ్ చేసుకోవచ్చును. వచ్చే కమ్యూటేషన్ మొత్తంపై సీలింగ్ లేదు.

ప్రశ్న : ఒక ఉపాధ్యాయుని భార్య ప్రసవ సమయంలోనే ట్యూబెక్టమీ చేయించుకున్నారు. వారి భర్త ప్రసవ సమయంలో భార్య ట్యూబెక్టమీ చేయించున్నప్పుడు భర్తకు ఇచ్చే ప్రత్యేక సెలవు మరియు 6 నెలలోపు పెట్టు రెడ్డి లీవు రెండూ వాడుకోవచ్చా? ఒకటే వాడుకోవాలని వారి హెచ్ఎం అభ్యంతరం పెడుతు ఉన్నారు. సమంజసమేనా?

జవాబు : భార్య ట్యూబెక్టమీ చేయించుకున్నప్పుడు భార్యకు సహాయకుడిగా ఉండేందుకు ఉద్దేశించిన సెలవు, బిడ్డకు సంరక్షణగా ఉండేందుకు ఇచ్చిన పెటర్నిటీ లీవు వేరు వేరు. ట్యూబెక్టమీ ప్రత్యేక సెలవు ఆ సమయంలోనే వాడుకోవాలి. పెటర్నిటీ లీవు ప్రసవం జరిగిన 6 నెలలలోపు వాడుకోవచ్చు. కాబట్టి రెంటింటిని వేరువేరుగా పరిగణిస్తూ, రెంటింటిని వాడుకునే అవకాశం ఉపాధ్యాయునికి కలదు.

ప్రశ్న : ఒక ఉపాధ్యాయిని సర్వీస్ మొత్తం మీద 260 రోజులు కమ్యూటెడ్ సెలవుగా వాడుకున్నారు. ప్రస్తుతం హెచ్ఎం 240 రోజులకు మించి వాడుకోకూడదని, అదనంగా మంజూరు చేసిన రోజులకు అర్ధజీతపు సెలవుగా పరిగణిస్తామని, ఆ మొత్తాన్ని తిరిగి కట్టాలని అంటు న్నారు. సమంజసమేనా?

జవాబు : సమంజసమే. ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ సెలవు నిబంధనలు Rule 15B(i) ప్రకారం సర్వీసు మొత్తం మీద 240 రోజులు మాత్రమే కమ్యూటెడ్ చేసిన 20 రోజులను అర్ధజీతపు సెలవుగా మార్చి ఆ తేడాను రికవరీ చేస్తారు.

మనుషులు - మనస్తత్వాలు: సానుకూల దృక్పథం - ఒక అందమైన ప్రయాణం

2026-07-19T12:19:13.502+05:30

జీవితం అంటే అనుబంధాల సంగమం. ప్రతి మనిషి మన జీవన ప్రవాహంలో ఒక అలలా వస్తాడు, కొందరు తీరాన్ని తడిపి వెళతారు, మరికొందరు లోతుల్లోకి తీసుకెళతారు. ప్రతి అనుభవం మనకు కొత్త పాఠం, ప్రతి సంబంధం మన పరిణతికి అద్దం.

ఓ రోజు ఫోన్ లో ఎవరితోనో.. మాట్లాడుతుంటే.. వెనకాల మాట్లాడుకుంటున్న ఇద్దరు వ్యక్తుల మాటలు నా చెవిన పడ్డాయి - అవి నా గురించే. కొంత సేపు అసౌకర్యం అనిపించినా, ఆ క్షణంలోనే నాకు ఒక విషయం స్పష్టమైంది - ప్రతి మనిషి తన స్వంత ప్రపంచంలో తన రంగుల్లో ఉంటాడు. మరుసటి రోజు వాళ్లు ఏమీ తెలియనట్లు నాతో మాట్లాడుతుంటే ఆశ్చర్యం కంటే ఒక కొత్త దృష్టి కలిగింది - మనుషుల్లో మూడు ప్రకృతులుంటాయి: మానవీయం, దివ్యం, తామసం. తామస స్వభావం ఉన్నవారు ముందు ఒకలా, వెనక మరోలా ఉండటం వారి సహజం. కానీ అది వారి పరిమితి, మన బాధ్యత కాదు. ఆ పరిమితులను అర్థం చేసుకోవడమే మన విజ్ఞత.

అలాంటి వారు ఎదురైనప్పుడు, వారిపట్ల కోపం కాదు, కరుణే మన ఆయుధం. వారిలో మార్పు రావాలని ఆశించడం మంచిదే, కానీ మన శాంతిని కాపాడుకోవడం అంతకన్నా ముఖ్యం. అల్లంటి వారితో మెలిగేటప్పుడు ఈ క్రింద ఇవ్వబడిన కొన్ని చిన్న జీవన సూత్రాలు ఈ ప్రయాణంలో మనకు తోడవుతాయి:

1. అందమైన హద్దులను గీసుకోవడం: కొత్త వారితో, సహోద్యోగులతో మెలిగేటప్పుడు మన వ్యక్తిగత సరిహద్దులను గౌరవంగా, స్పష్టంగా ఏర్పరచుకోవడం ఎంతో అవసరం. అందరితో ఆప్యాయంగా, మర్యాదగా ఉంటూనే.. మన లోతైన మాటలను, భావాలను కేవలం విశ్వాసపాత్రులకే పరిమితం చేయడం మంచిది. కార్యాలయంలో వృత్తి ధర్మానికి కట్టుబడి, అక్కడికక్కడే పరిమితమైతే మనం మన సొంత స్థలాన్ని కాపాడుకున్నవారమవుతాం.

2. శాంతంగా మాట్లాడి - మనసు తెరచుకోవడం: స్నేహితుల మధ్య ఎప్పుడైనా వేరొకరి మాటల వల్ల గందరగోళం వస్తే, తటాలున భావోద్వేగానికి లొంగకుండా.. కాసేపు ఆగి, నిశ్శబ్దంగా ఆలోచించి, ఆపై నిజాయితీగా మాట్లాడాలి. నమ్మకమైన వ్యక్తులతో మనస్సు విప్పి, సున్నితంగా సంభాషిస్తే అపార్థాలు కరిగిపోతాయి, ఆత్మీయత మరింత లోతవుతుంది. నిజమైన స్నేహానికి స్పష్టమైన మాటలే వంతెన.

3. సానుకూలతతో నిండిన వాతావరణాన్ని ఎంచుకోవడం: ఇతరుల ప్రవర్తన మనల్ని కలచివేసినా, ఆ బాధను ఒడిలో పెట్టుకుని కూర్చోవడం మన జీవిత సమయాన్ని వృథా చేసుకోవడమే. బదులుగా, మనల్ని నిజంగా ప్రేమించే, మన శ్రేయస్సును కోరుకునే కుటుంబ సభ్యులు, ఆప్త మిత్రులతో సమయాన్ని ఉల్లాసంగా గడపాలి. మన చుట్టూ ప్రేమ, ఆశ, స్ఫూర్తి నిండిన వాతావరణాన్ని సృష్టించుకోగలిగితే, అవసరం లేని నెగెటివిటీ స్వయంగా దూరమవుతుంది.

జీవితంలో ఇలాంటి చేదు అనుభవాలు కూడా ఒక అమూల్య గుణపాఠం. అవి మనకు నేర్పేది, మనల్ని అర్థం చేసుకునేవారికి ప్రాధాన్యం ఇవ్వాలని, గిట్టని వారిని క్షమించి, వారి పట్ల తాపత్రయం లేకుండా మన దారిలో మనం ఆనందంగా ముందుకు సాగాలని. క్షమా గుణమే అతిపెద్ద ఆయుధం, సానుకూల దృక్పథమే మనకు సదా తోడు. నవ్వుతూ, నేర్చుకుంటూ, ఎదుగుతూ........ ఇదే కదా అందమైన జీవన శైలి, అందమైన జీవన ప్రయాణం.

- టి.మల్లికార్జున ప్రసాద్

కంచిపట్టు చీరలోనా.. | చిత్రం: బెబ్బులి, సంగీతం: జె.వి.రాఘవులు, గీతరచయిత: వేటూరి, నేపధ్య గానం: బాలు, సుశీల

2026-07-11T20:38:32.809+05:30

చిత్రం : బెబ్బులి (1980)
సంగీతం : జె.వి. రాఘవులు
గీతరచయిత : వేటూరి
నేపధ్య గానం : బాలు, సుశీల
పల్లవి :
కంచిపట్టు చీరలోనా..
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నటరాజ తత్వం - ఆదర్శ ఉద్యోగికి స్ఫూర్తి

2026-07-11T09:59:23.623+05:30

సృష్టి క్రమం ఎలా ఉంటుందో చెప్పే నటరాజ స్వరూపం కేవలం ఆధ్యాత్మిక సాధకులకే కాదు, నిరంతరం సమాజ హితం కోసం పనిచేసే ప్రభుత్వ ఉద్యోగులకు కూడా ఒక గొప్ప ప్రేరణ. విశ్వ రహస్యాలను దాచుకున్న ఈ స్వరూపాన్ని ఒక ఉద్యోగి తన దైనందిన విధి నిర్వహణకు అన్వయించుకుంటే, అద్భుతమైన ఫలితాలు సాధించవచ్చు.

నటరాజ స్వరూపం నుండి ప్రభుత్వ ఉద్యోగులు నేర్చుకోగల ప్రధానాంశాలు:

నిర్భయంగా విధులు నిర్వర్తించడం: నటరాజస్వామి క్రింద కుడిచేయి అభయ ముద్రలో ఉంటుంది, ఇది భయాన్ని పోగొట్టి ముందుకు అడుగు వేసేలా చేస్తుంది. విధి నిర్వహణలో ఎదురయ్యే సవాళ్లకు లేదా పదవి, పరువు పోతుందనే భయానికి ఉద్యోగి లోనుకాకూడదు. ధైర్యంగా, నిష్పక్షపాతంగా అడుగు ముందుకు వేసినప్పుడే వ్యవస్థ (స్థితి) సక్రమంగా నడుస్తుంది.
అహంకారాన్ని అణచివేయడం: స్వామి కుడిపాదం అపస్మారుడు అనే రాక్షసుని తొక్కిపెట్టి నేలపై స్థిరంగా ఉంటుంది. అపస్మారుడు అజ్ఞానానికి, "నేను, నాది" అనే మోహానికి (అహంకారానికి) ప్రతీక. ఒక ప్రభుత్వ ఉద్యోగి తనలోని స్వార్థాన్ని అణచివేసి, అహంకారాన్ని దరిచేరనీయకుండా స్థిరమైన బుద్ధితో ప్రజా శ్రేయస్సుకై పనిచేయాలి.
క్రోధాన్ని జయించడం: నటరాజు ధరించిన పులి చర్మం క్రోధానికి ప్రతీక. కోరికలు తీరనప్పుడు, అహంకారం ఉన్నప్పుడు కోపం వస్తుంది. ఉద్యోగులు విధి నిర్వహణలో తమ వ్యక్తిగత కోరికలను, అహంకారాన్ని అదుపులో ఉంచుకుని సహనంతో వ్యవహరించాలి.
చిరునవ్వుతో నిరంతర సేవ: ఎడతెగని సృష్టి కార్యాన్ని నిరంతరాయంగా చేస్తున్నప్పటికీ నటరాజు పెదవులపై ఎల్లప్పుడూ చిరుమందహాసం ఉంటుంది. అలాగే, ఉద్యోగులు తమ దైనందిన విధుల్లో ఎంతటి ఒత్తిడి ఉన్నప్పటికీ, ప్రజలకు చిరునవ్వుతో సేవలను అందిస్తూ ఆనంద స్వరూపులుగా నిలవాలి.
నిస్వార్థం మరియు వైరాగ్యం: నటరాజస్వామి ఒంటిపై పూయబడిన బూడిద వైరాగ్యానికి ప్రతీక. భవనాలు, బంగారం లాంటి ఏ భౌతిక సంపదకైనా చివరి రూపం బూడిదే. ఈ సత్యం గ్రహించిన ఉద్యోగి అవినీతికి, ప్రలోభాలకు దూరంగా ఉంటూ, నిజాయితీగా తన బాధ్యతలను నెరవేరుస్తాడు.
లక్ష్య సాధన పట్ల స్పష్టత: గాలిలో ఏ ఆసరా లేకుండా స్వేచ్ఛగా ఉండే స్వామి ఎడమ పాదం (కుంచిత పాదం) విముక్తికి ప్రతీక. ఉద్యోగి తన విధులను బాధ్యతాయుతంగా, పారదర్శకంగా చేసినప్పుడు లభించే ఆత్మసంతృప్తే అతనికి నిజమైన విముక్తి.

స్థూల వివరణ: సృష్టి, స్థితి, లయలు నిరంతరాయంగా జరిగినట్లు, ప్రభుత్వ పాలన మరియు ప్రజా సేవ కూడా ఒక నిరంతర ప్రక్రియ. నటరాజ స్వరూపంలోని ఈ తాత్విక విశేషాలను స్ఫూర్తిగా తీసుకుంటే, ప్రతి ప్రభుత్వ ఉద్యోగి ఒక కర్మయోగిగా మారి సమాజానికి అత్యుత్తమ సేవలు అందించగలుగుతాడు.

- టి.మల్లికార్జున ప్రసాద్

అసిస్టెంట్ రిజిస్ట్రార్ / ట్రైనర్

సహకార శాఖ

తోటివారి మనోభావాలను గౌరవిద్దాం: ఒక రైల్వే స్టేషన్ అనుభవం

2026-07-05T17:31:10.040+05:30

ఆ మధ్య ఒక రోజు, బహుశా ఉదయం నుంచీ నిలబడి క్లాస్ చెప్పడం వలన శారీరకంగా, మానసికంగా చాలా అలసటగా అనిపించింది. ఉదయం బయటనుంచి తెప్పించిన టిఫిన్ అస్సలు బాగోలేదు, ఇడ్లీ సరిగా ఉడకలేదు. ఎందుకో…… మధ్యాన్నం కూడా సరిగా భోజనం చేయలేదు. రోజంతా అలా ఒక రకమైన ఇబ్బందికరమైన వాతావరణంలోనే గడిచింది.

తీరా సాయంత్రం ప్రయాణ సమయానికి ఆకలి వేస్తుండటంతో.. IRCTC క్యాంటీన్ కి వెళ్ళాను; క్యాంటీన్ లో ఇడ్లీ అడిగితే లేవన్నారు, దోశ అడిగితే లేట్ అవుతుందన్నారు. పోనీ పెరుగన్నం అయినా ఉందా అంటే అదీ లేదన్నారు. అక్కడ కేవలం మంచూరియా, చికెన్ ఫ్రైడ్ రైస్, ఎగ్ ఫ్రైడ్ రైస్, చికెన్ బిర్యానీ మాత్రమే అందుబాటులో ఉన్నాయి. చేసేది లేక ఒక వెజిటబుల్ ఫ్రైడ్ రైస్ ఆర్డర్ చేశాను.

రైలు సమయం దగ్గరపడుతున్నా ఆర్డర్ ఇవ్వకపోవడంతో ఆందోళన చెందాను. తీరా పార్సిల్ చేతికిచ్చాక చూస్తే, అక్కడి వాతావరణం, ఆ వంటవాడి నిర్లక్ష్యం నన్ను ఆశ్చర్యానికి, ఆవేదనకు గురిచేశాయి. ఎగ్ ఫ్రైడ్ రైస్ చేసిన కడాయిలోనే (wok) నా వెజిటబుల్ ఫ్రైడ్ రైస్ చేయడం నేను స్వయంగా చూశాను. ఇదేంటని ప్రశ్నిస్తే, మొదట నా మాటలు పట్టించుకోని ఆ చెఫ్, ఆ తర్వాత పక్కనే ఉన్న మరో కడాయిని చూపించి "అందులోనే చేశాను" అంటూ నా కళ్ళెదుటే పచ్చి అబద్ధం ఆడాడు. ఆఖరికి క్యాష్ కౌంటర్ వద్ద గట్టిగా అడిగి నా డబ్బు వెనక్కి తీసుకుని, హడావిడిగా వెళ్లి రైలెక్కాను.

రైలు కదులుతున్నా నా మదిలో ప్రశ్నలు ఆగలేదు. అతను ఎందుకు అబద్ధం చెప్పాడు? ఒకవేళ నేను చూడకపోతే నా పరిస్థితి ఏమిటి? శాఖాహారులంటే ఎందుకంత చులకన? ఈ ప్రశ్నల వెనుక దాగి ఉన్నది కేవలం ఒక ఆహారపు అలవాటు కాదు, తోటివారి మనోభావాలను గౌరవించని నేటి సమాజపు తీరు.

నమ్మకం మరియు వృత్తి ధర్మం

ఏ వ్యాపారమైనా వినియోగదారుల నమ్మకం మీద ఆధారపడి ఉంటుంది. అందులోనూ ఆహార సంబంధిత వ్యాపారంలో ఉన్నవారికి మరింత నైతికత ఉండాలి. కస్టమర్ అడిగిన ఆహారం లేనప్పుడు "లేదు" అని నిర్మొహమాటంగా చెప్పడం ఉత్తమమైన వ్యాపార లక్షణం. అంతేతప్ప, అబద్ధం చెప్పి, మభ్యపెట్టి డబ్బులు తీసుకోవాలనుకోవడం కనీస మానవత్వానికే మచ్చ.

మనోభావాలను గౌరవించడం ఒక కనీస సంస్కారం

ప్రతి మనిషికీ తమదైన జీవనశైలి, నమ్మకాలు, ఆహారపు అలవాట్లు ఉంటాయి. శాఖాహారం తీసుకోవడం అనేది కొందరికి కేవలం ఒక అలవాటు మాత్రమే కాదు, వారి నమ్మకం, వారి సంప్రదాయం.

నిర్లక్ష్యం తగదు: గుడ్డు లేదా మాంసాహారం వండిన పాత్రలో శాఖాహారం వండి ఇవ్వడం వారి మనోభావాలను తీవ్రంగా దెబ్బతీయడమే. ఇది కేవలం నిర్లక్ష్యం కాదు, కస్టమర్ నమ్మకానికి చేసే ద్రోహం.

చులకనభావం ఎందుకు?: "ఏదైతే ఏముందిలే" అనే చులకన భావం చాలా ప్రమాదకరం. మనకు చిన్నదిగా, మామూలుగా అనిపించే విషయం మరొకరికి చాలా సున్నితమైనది కావచ్చు. వారి అలవాట్లను తప్పుబట్టే లేదా కించపరిచే హక్కు ఎవరికీ లేదు.

మంచి తనం అంటే ఏంటి?

నిజమైన మంచితనం అంటే మన చుట్టూ ఉన్నవారి ఇష్టాయిష్టాలను, అలవాట్లను అర్థం చేసుకుని, వాటికి తగిన గౌరవం ఇవ్వడం. మన వల్ల ఎదుటివారి మనసు నొచ్చుకోకూడదు అని ఆలోచించడమే ప్రాథమిక సంస్కారం. ఒక చిన్న అబద్ధం లేదా ఒక నిర్లక్ష్యపు చర్య ఎదుటివారి మానసిక ప్రశాంతతను ఎంతగా దెబ్బతీస్తుందో ఆ చెఫ్ గ్రహించలేకపోయాడు.

బాధ్యత - నిజాయితీ: ఈ ప్రపంచంలో ఎవరి ఇష్టాలు వారివి. ఆ భిన్నత్వాన్ని అర్థం చేసుకుని గౌరవించినప్పుడే సమాజంలో నిజమైన మానవత్వం వెల్లివిరుస్తుంది. ఆ చెఫ్ మారతాడో లేదో తెలియదు కానీ, ఇలాంటి సంఘటనలు మాత్రం మనకు ఒక స్పష్టమైన సందేశాన్ని ఇస్తున్నాయి: "తోటి మనిషి నమ్మకాలను బాధ్యతగా గౌరవిద్దాం. వ్యాపారంలోనే కాదు, జీవితంలోనూ నిజాయితీగా ఉందాం."

- టి. మల్లికార్జున ప్రసాద్

మౌనం నుండి మాట వరకు | వాక్కు - నాలుగు స్థాయిల అంతర్గత ప్రయాణం

2026-07-05T10:25:34.129+05:30

మనం రోజూ వేల సంఖ్యలో మాట్లాడతాం. కానీ, ఆ ఒక్క మాట బయటికి రావడానికి మనలో లోలోపల ఎంత పెద్ద ఆధ్యాత్మిక, మానసిక ప్రక్రియ జరుగుతుందో చాలా మందికి తెలియదు. ప్రాచీన భారతీయ వాక్కు శాస్త్రం ప్రకారం, మన వాక్కు నాలుగు విభిన్న స్థాయిలలో పరిణామం చెందుతుంది.

మౌనం నుండి మాట వరకు : పరా, పశ్యంతీ, మధ్యమా, వైఖరీ - ఈ నాలుగు దశలు మనలో ఒక్క క్షణంలో, ఎంతో వేగంగా జరుగుతాయి. ఈ నాలుగు దశలను అర్థం చేసుకుంటే, మన మాటలపై అద్భుతమైన పట్టు సాధించవచ్చు. ఇప్పుడు ఆ నాలుగు స్థాయిలనూ ఒక సరళమైన ఉదాహరణల ద్వారా అర్థం చేసుకుందాం.

1. పరా వాక్కు (సంకల్ప స్థాయి) - మూలాధారం

ఇది వాక్కు యొక్క అత్యంత సూక్ష్మమైన, నిరాకార దశ. ఇందులో భాష ఉండదు, పదాలు ఉండవు, కేవలం ఒక నిశ్శబ్ద ‘ఉద్దేశ్యం’ (Intention) మాత్రమే ఉంటుంది.

ఉదాహరణ: మీరు ఏమీ మాట్లాడకముందే, లోతైన అవయవాలలో ‘నేను రామునికి ఫోన్ చేయాలి’ అనే ఒక ప్రేరణ (Impulse) పుడుతుంది. అది ఆంగ్లంలోనో, తెలుగులోనో కాకుండా కేవలం ఒక ‘చైతన్య తరంగం’ (Wave of consciousness) మాత్రమే. ఇది భౌతిక శబ్దం కానేరదు. సాంప్రదాయంగా చెట్లు తమ ఆకులు ఎటువైపు విచ్చుకోవాలో, వేర్లు నీటి కోసం ఎటు తవ్వాలో తెలుసుకునే స్థాయి ఇదే.

2. పశ్యంతీ వాక్కు (భావనా స్థాయి) - నాభి స్థానం

ఇక్కడ సంకల్పం ఒక ‘అంతర్గత దృశ్యం’ (Inner Vision) గా రూపుదాల్చుతుంది. ఆలోచనకు రంగు, రూపం, భావం వస్తాయి. పదాలు ఇంకా వాడుకలోకి రావు, కానీ ఆ అంశం మనస్సులో స్పష్టంగా కనిపిస్తుంది.

ఉదాహరణ: మీరు ఇప్పుడు ఆ స్నేహితుడి (రాము) ముఖాన్ని, అతను ఫోన్ ఎత్తుకునే టైమ్లో ఉండే దృశ్యాన్ని, థియేటర్ స్క్రీన్ మీద సినిమా నడుస్తున్న కొన్ని ఫ్లాష్ బ్యాక్లను మనసులో చూసుకుంటారు. ఇది భాషారహితమైన ‘భావనా చిత్రం’ (Conceptual Frame). పక్షులు తమ గూడు కట్టుకునేటప్పుడు గడ్డిని ఎలా అల్లాలో పశ్యంతీ స్థాయిలోనే గ్రహిస్తాయి.

3. మధ్యమా వాక్కు (సంకేత స్థాయి) - హృదయ స్థానం

భావన ఇప్పుడు మన స్వభాష (తెలుగు/ఆంగ్లం) పదాల రూపంలోకి మారుతుంది. ఇది ‘అంతర్గత శబ్దతరంగం’ (Internal speech). ఇక్కడ పెదవులు కదలవు, కానీ మనస్సులో మాటలు కూర్చబడతాయి.

ఉదాహరణ: మీ మనసులో ఇప్పుడు స్పష్టమైన వాక్యం రూపుదాల్చుతుంది: “ఓయ్ రామూ! నువ్వు ఫ్రీగా ఉన్నావా? మనం రేపు సినిమాకి పోదామా?” - ఇది ఇంకా బయటికి రాలేదు, కానీ పదాలు, వ్యాకరణం, అర్థం పూర్తిగా సిద్ధమైపోయాయి. ఇది మధ్యమా స్థాయి. జంతువులు (పశువులు) తమ ఆహారం లేదా ప్రమాదాన్ని సూచించేలా ఇలాంటి అంతర్గత సంకేతాలను ఉపయోగిస్తాయి.

4. వైఖరీ వాక్కు (ఉచ్చారణ స్థాయి) - కంఠ స్థానం

ఇది వాక్కు యొక్క భౌతిక, బాహ్య దశ. గాలితో కలిసి, కంఠం, నాలుక, పెదవులు సహకరించి శబ్దం (Sound) బయటికి వస్తుంది. ఇది మనం వినగలిగే, మరొకరు అర్థం చేసుకోగలిగే ‘ఉచ్ఛారణ’.

ఉదాహరణ: మీరు ఫోన్ తీసి, నిజంగా నోటితో "హలో రామూ! ఎలా ఉన్నావ్? రేపు థియేటర్ కి వెళదామా?" అని బిగ్గరగా పలకడం. ఇక్కడే వాస్తవిక సంభాషణ జరుగుతుంది. సంకల్పం పూర్తిగా స్థూలమైన, ఇంద్రియగోచరమైన ధ్వనిగా మారుతుంది. మానవుల ప్రత్యేకత ఈ స్పష్టమైన వైఖరీ వాక్కు ద్వారా వివరణాత్మక ఆలోచనలను పంచుకోగలగడమే.

వాక్కు - నాలుగు స్థాయిల అంతర్గత ప్రయాణం

మూలాధారంలో పుట్టిన ఒక నిశ్శబ్ద సంకల్పం (పరా) → నాభి వద్ద భావనగా (పశ్యంతీ) → హృదయంలో పదాలుగా (మధ్యమా) → చివరికి కంఠం నుండి మాటగా (వైఖరీ) బయటకు వస్తుంది.

ఈ క్రమాన్ని గమనిస్తే, మనం మాట్లాడే ముందు ఆ మాటకు మూలం (Para) ఎలా ఉందో గమనించడం అలవాటు చేసుకోవచ్చు. ఈ స్థాయిలలో పరా మరియు పశ్యంతీలపై మనకు పట్టు ఉంటే, మాటలు ఆలోచనాత్మకంగా, స్పష్టంగా ఉంటాయి. అందుకే ప్రాచీనులు "వాక్కే దివ్యశక్తి" అన్నారు - మాట పుట్టే ముందు ఆ మౌనంలోంచి ప్రారంభించండి!

రచన: టి.యం. ప్రసాద్

చర్చ - మూడు మార్గాలు: వాదం, జల్పం, వితండం - మూడు పర్యవసానాలు

2026-07-04T09:08:33.106+05:30

ప్రతి రోజూ మనం ఎందరితోనో మాట్లాడతాము, ఎన్నో అంశాలపై చర్చలు జరుపుతాము. కానీ, మనం చేసే ఆ చర్చలు...... సంభాషణలు.......

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మనోవ్యథను మాత్రమే మిగులుస్తున్నాయా?

ప్రాచీన భారతీయ తర్కశాస్త్రం (న్యాయశాస్త్రం) ఈ ప్రశ్నలకు సమాధానంగా, ఒక చర్చ ఎలా ఉండాలనే దానిపై స్పష్టమైన విశ్లేషణను అందిస్తుంది. ఆ విశ్లేషణ ప్రకారం, చర్చ కు మూడు మార్గములు లేదా మూడు ప్రధాన రీతులు ఉన్నాయి. అవే: వాదము, జల్పము, వితండము. వీటి స్వభావం, లక్ష్యం, అంతిమ పర్యవసానం పూర్తిగా వేర్వేరుగా ఉంటాయి. వీటిని వివరంగా పరిశీలిద్దాం.

1. వాదము – సత్యాన్వేషణతో కూడిన చర్చ

ఒక చర్చకు నిజమైన ధ్యేయం సత్యాన్ని వెలికితీయడమే అయితే, అది 'వాదము' అనే అంశం కిందకు వస్తుంది. ఇద్దరు వ్యక్తులు - అది రాజకీయాలపైనా, సాహిత్యంపైనా, లేదా ఏదైనా ఒక విషయంపైనా - భిన్నాభిప్రాయాలు కలిగి ఉన్నప్పుడు, 'నిజం ఏమిటో తెలుసుకోవాలి' అనే ఏకైక ఉద్దేశ్యంతో వారు చేసే హేతుబద్ధమైన, క్రమబద్ధమైన చర్చే 'వాదము'.

ఇందులో విజేతను నిర్ణయించడమన్నది ఉండదు. అహంకారం, ఆధిపత్య ప్రదర్శన - ఇవన్నీ ఇక్కడ స్థానం పొందవు. ప్రతి వ్యక్తి తన వాదనను వాస్తవాలతో, తర్కంతో సమర్ధిస్తాడు. ఎదుటివారి వాదనలో బలమైన అంశాలు ఉంటే వాటిని గౌరవిస్తాడు. తన వాదనలో లోపం ఉందని నిరూపితమైతే, దాన్ని వినయంగా, సౌమ్యంగా అంగీకరించడానికి సిద్ధపడతాడు. ఇలాంటి వాదము వల్ల వ్యక్తి యొక్క ఆలోచనా వ్యాప్తి పెరుగుతుంది, సమాజంలో మేధోపరమైన వాతావరణం వికసిస్తుంది.

2. జల్పము - అహంకార ప్రధానమైన చర్చ

'చర్చ కు మూడు అంశములు'లో రెండవది 'జల్పము'. ఇది వాదమునకు పూర్తి విరుద్ధమైనది. ఇక్కడ కూడా ఇద్దరి మధ్య భిన్నాభిప్రాయాలు ఉంటాయి, కానీ నిజం తెలుసుకోవాలనే ఉద్దేశ్యం ఏమాత్రం ఉండదు. మిగిలేది కేవలం "నా మాటే సరైనది, నేనే గెలవాలి" అనే మొండి పట్టుదల, పోటీతత్వం మాత్రమే.

జల్పవాదులు తమ వాదన ఎంత బలహీనంగా ఉన్నా, దానిని వాక్చాతుర్యంతో, కుయుక్తులతో, లేదా ప్రత్యర్థి భావోద్వేగాలను రెచ్చగొట్టడం ద్వారా కప్పిపుచ్చుకోవడానికి ప్రయత్నిస్తారు. తమకు అనుకూలం లేని వాస్తవాలను వారు విస్మరిస్తారు. తప్పు ఉన్నా దాన్ని ఒప్పుకోకుండా, ఎలాగైనా తమ వైపు ఎక్కువ మంది మద్దతు పొందడానికి ప్రయత్నిస్తారు. దురదృష్టవశాత్తు, నేటి రాజకీయ డిబేట్లు, టెలివిజన్ ప్యానెల్ చర్చలు చాలావరకు ఈ జల్పము కోవలోకే వస్తాయి. దీని ఫలితంగా వాదకులకు, శ్రోతలకు ఎటువంటి జ్ఞానలాభం ఉండకుండా, కేవలం మానసిక అలసట, అశాంతి, ద్వేషం మాత్రమే మిగులుతాయి.

3. వితండము - నిరాధారమైన ఖండన

'చర్చ కు మూడు అంశములు'లో చివరిది, అత్యంత ప్రమాదకరమైనది 'వితండము'. ఇది ఖండన కోసమే ఖండన చేసే వైఖరి. ఒక వ్యక్తికి ఆ విషయంపై సరైన అవగాహన, అధ్యయనం, పట్టు ఏమీ ఉండవు. అయినా, ఎదుటి వ్యక్తి ఏది చెప్పినా, ఎంత హేతుబద్ధంగా చెప్పినా, దానిని గుడ్డిగా వ్యతిరేకించడం, తిరస్కరించడం వీరి స్వభావం.

వితండవాదులు కొత్తగా ఏదైనా ప్రత్యామ్నాయ వాదనను ముందుకు తీసుకురాకుండా, ఇతరుల వాదనను పడగొట్టడంలోనే సంతృప్తి పొందుతారు. వారి ఉద్దేశ్యం చర్చను అభివృద్ధి చేయడం కాదు, దాన్ని అస్తవ్యస్తం చేయడం. నేటి సోషల్ మీడియా యుగంలో, ట్రోలింగ్ సంస్కృతిలో ఇటువంటి వితండవాదాలు విపరీతంగా కనిపిస్తాయి. ఒక మంచి సమాచారాన్ని, ఉపయోగకరమైన సూచనను కూడా కేవలం అవతలి వ్యక్తి ఎవరన్న కారణంతో కాదనడం ఇందులో సర్వసాధారణం. దీనివల్ల సత్యానికి, సమాజానికి ఎలాంటి ప్రయోజనం లేకుండా, సమాజంలో విభేదాలు మరింత లోతవుతాయి.

సరైన అంశాన్ని ఎంచుకోవడం

ఈ చర్చ కు మూడు మార్గాలు గా చెప్పబడే వాదం, జల్పం, వితండంలో మనం ఏ మార్గాన్ని ఎంచుకుంటామన్నదే అత్యంత కీలకం.

మన చర్చ 'వాదం' రీతిలో ఉంటే, అది మనిషిగా మన పరిణామాన్ని పెంచుతుంది, సమాజంలో మంచి మేధో సంస్కృతికి పునాది అవుతుంది.
మన చర్చ 'జల్పం' వైపు మొగ్గితే, ఆ వాతావరణంలో గెలిచినా, ఓడినా మిగిలేది వ్యథ, చిరాకు, బాంధవ్యాల కోత మాత్రమే.
ఇక 'వితండం' అనే దుష్ప్రవృత్తిని పెంచుకుంటే, ఆ మూర్ఖుల ప్రవర్తన వల్ల మనకు, మన చుట్టూ ఉన్నవారికి ఎలాంటి ప్రయోజనమూ ఉండదు. అటువంటి ఆలోచనా విధానం ఉన్నవారి నుండి ఎంత దూరంగా ఉంటే అంత మంచిది.

అందుకే, మనం ఎవరితో ఏ అంశంపై చర్చించినా, ముందుగా ఆ చర్చ ఏ అంశం (వాదమా, జల్పమా, వితండమా) వైపు నడుస్తుందో గమనించడం అవసరం. సత్యాన్ని, అవగాహనను మాత్రమే లక్ష్యంగా ఉంచుకుని, వినే తాళిమి, ఆలోచించే తెలివి, ఒప్పుకునే ధైర్యం మనలో పెంపొందించుకుంటేనే, ఏ చర్చ అయినా..... సంభాషణ అయినా...... మనకు, సమాజానికి ఉపయోగకరంగా మారుతుంది.

రచన: టి.యం.ప్రసాద్

నవ్వుల రహస్యాలు: ఆరు విధాల నవ్వుల ప్రత్యేకతలు

2026-07-04T08:54:29.348+05:30

నవ్వు మానవ జీవితంలో అత్యంత అందమైన భావోద్వేగాలలో ఒకటి. మన సంస్కృతిలో నవ్వును ఆరు విధాలుగా విభజించారు. ప్రతి నవ్వుకూ దాని సొంత లక్షణాలు, ధ్వని, భావ ప్రకటన ఉంటాయి. ఈ ఆరు రకాల నవ్వుల గురించి తెలుసుకుందాం.

1. స్మితం (చిరునవ్వు)

స్మితం అంటే కేవలం కళ్లతో చేసే నవ్వు. ఈ నవ్వులో పెదవులు విప్పడం జరగదు. పళ్లు కనిపించవు. ఎలాంటి ధ్వని కూడా వినిపించదు.

ఎలా ఉంటుందంటే... కళ్లు కాస్త పెద్దవవుతాయి. చెక్కిళ్లు కొద్దిగా ఎగబాకుతాయి. పెదవులపై తేలికపాటి మందహాసం మాత్రమే కనిపిస్తుంది. ఇది మన ప్రాచీన కావ్యాలలో నాయకులు ప్రదర్శించే నవ్వు.

2. హసితం (నిశ్శబ్ద నవ్వు)

ఇది స్మితం కంటే కొంచెం ఎక్కువగా కనిపించే నవ్వు. ఈ నవ్వులో కళ్లు, చెక్కిళ్లు మరింత విచ్చుకుంటాయి. కొద్దిగా పళ్లు కనిపించడం మొదలవుతుంది. అయితే ఇందులోనూ ధ్వని ఉండదు.

స్మితం, హసితం - ఈ రెండు నవ్వులూ నిశ్శబ్దంగా ఉంటాయి. అందువల్ల ఎవరైనా ఈ విధంగా నవ్వుతుంటే వారి ముఖ కవళికలను గమనించాల్సి ఉంటుంది.

3. విహసితం (కిలకిల నవ్వు)

ఇప్పుడు వస్తుంది మధురమైన ధ్వనితో కూడిన నవ్వు. విహసితం అంటే కిలకిలమని నవ్వడం. ఈ నవ్వులో ఒక చిన్నపాటి అందమైన శబ్దం వినిపిస్తుంది. ఇది విన్నప్పుడు మనసుకు హాయిగా ఉంటుంది.

4. ఉపహసితం (తలూపే నవ్వు)

ఈ నవ్వు ప్రత్యేకత ఏమిటంటే... తలను కుడి-ఎడమలుగా ఊపుతూ నవ్వడం. ఇందులో ముక్కుపుటాలు కాస్త పెద్దవవుతాయి. చూపు కొంచెం వక్రంగా మారుతుంది. అయితే ఈ నవ్వులో వచ్చే ధ్వని మాత్రం ఇంపుగానే ఉంటుంది.

5. అపహసితం (కన్నీటి నవ్వు)

ఇది కన్నీళ్లు వచ్చేంతగా నవ్వడం. ఇందులో కేవలం తల మాత్రమే కాదు... శరీరం మొత్తం కదులుతుంది. కళ్ల నుంచి కన్నీళ్లు ఆగకుండా కారుతాయి.

ఈ నవ్వులో వచ్చే శబ్దం కొంచెం ఇబ్బందికరంగా ఉంటుంది. చూడటానికి కూడా కొందరికి అసౌకర్యంగా అనిపించవచ్చు.

6. అతిహసితం (పగలబడి నవ్వు)

ఇది నవ్వులన్నింటికీ మించిన నవ్వు. ఈ నవ్వులో కాళ్లు, చేతులు అటూ ఇటూ విసురుతారు. పగలబడి నవ్వుతారు. ఈ నవ్వు కర్ణకఠోరంగా ఉంటుంది.

ఇందులోనూ కళ్ల నుంచి నీళ్లు కారుతాయి. ఈ నవ్వును చూసే వారికి చాలా ఇబ్బందిగా ఉంటుంది.

నవ్వుల ప్రత్యేకతలు

నవ్వు రకం	ధ్వని	కళ్లు	పళ్లు	శరీర కదలిక
స్మితం	లేదు	పెద్దవి	కనిపించవు	లేదు
హసితం	లేదు	విచ్చుకున్నవి	కొద్దిగా కనిపిస్తాయి	లేదు
విహసితం	ఉంది	సాధారణం	కనిపిస్తాయి	కొద్దిగా
ఉపహసితం	ఉంది	వక్రంగా	కనిపిస్తాయి	తల ఊగుతుంది
అపహసితం	ఉంది	నీళ్లు కారుతున్నాయి	కనిపిస్తాయి	శరీరమంతా
అతిహసితం	కర్ణకఠోరం	నీళ్లు కారుతున్నాయి	కనిపిస్తాయి	చేతులు, కాళ్లు విసురు

మనుషుల భావోద్వేగాలను అద్దంలా ప్రతిబింబించేది నవ్వు. ప్రతి నవ్వు ఒక ప్రత్యేకమైన అర్థాన్ని, భావాన్ని తెలియజేస్తుంది. సందర్భానుసారంగా నవ్వుల రకాలు మారుతుంటాయి. ఏ నవ్వైనా మనసు విప్పార్చేదే కానీ... కొన్ని నవ్వులు మనోహరంగా, మరికొన్ని హాస్యాస్పదంగా ఉంటాయి. ప్రతి నవ్వుకూ ఒక ప్రత్యేకత ఉందని తెలుసుకోవడం ఆసక్తికరం.

సేత: టి.యం.ప్రసాద్

Rc.No.16007/2011-AD1, Dt:03-12-2011 | Cooperation Department - Delegation of powers | Appointments under the Automatic Advancement Scheme

2026-06-20T21:45:40.274+05:30

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR COOPERATION AND REGISTRAR OF COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES, AP, HYDERABAD.

Present: Sri I.S.Srinaresh, _I.A.S.,

Commissioner & Registrar.

Rc.No.16007/2011-AD1. Dated: 03-12-2011

Sub: Services Coopn.Dept. - Delegation of powers to the Dist. Coop. Officers for appointment of Non-Gazetted employees working in Districts to Special Grade Scale - Orders - Issued.

Read: 1. Procs.Rc.No.26828/2003-Admn-1, dt.29-07-2003 of the CC & RCS, AP, Hyderabad.

2. G.O.Ms.No.96, Fin (Pay Commn-II) Dept., dt. 20-5-2011.

-0o0-

ORDER: -

In the reference 1^st read above, powers were delegated to the District Cooperative Officers in the State to sanction Special grade Scales on completion of (08) years of incremental service to the Non-Gazetted Employees.

In the reference 2^nd read above, the Government have changed the periodicity from the existing 8/16/24 years to 6/12/18/24 years for appointments under the Automatic Advancement Scheme.

In view of the above, powers for appointment of Non-Gazetted Employees including Assistant Registrars, working in the Districts to the Special Grade Scales on completion of (06) years of incremental service, are hereby delegated to the District Cooperative Officers, subject to following due procedure in appointment to Special Grade Scale.

Sd/-I.S. Srinaresh,

Commissioner & Registrar.

To
All the Dist. Coop. Officers in State.
All the Dist. Treasury Officers in the State.
The Pay & Accounts Officer, Hyderabad.
Copy to Divl. Coop.Officers / Dist. Coop. Audit Officers in the State.
Copy to the Officers in Head Office.
Copy to Dy. Registrar/Accounts in Head Office.
Copy submitted to the Principal Secretary to Govt., Agrl. & Coopn. for favour of information.

Copy to S.F.

Memo. No. Rc.No.70656, Dt:03-02-1999 | Cooperation Department - Inquiry u/s.51 and Inspection u/s.52, and 53 - General guidelines

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CIRCULAR MEMORANDUM OF THE REGISTRAR OF COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES, ANDHRA PRADESH, HYDERABAD.

Present: Sri D. Sreenivasulu, I.A.S., Registrar.

Rc.No.70656/98/V.I. Date: 3.2.1999.

Sub: Inquiry u/s. 51 and Inspection u/s. 52, and 53 - adherence of time limits prescribed under the sections - General guidelines - Regarding.

Ref: CC & RCS’s Cir.Memo.Rc.No.1987/92/12.dtd.16.7.97.

* * * * *

The immediate attention of the Officers noted in the address entry is drawn to the subject and references cited.

Section 51 of the A.P.C.S. Act,1964 read with Rule 47, confers the power on the Registrar to order an inquiry into the constitution, working and financial condition of a Society. This, he can also do on his own motion i.e. without any request from others to do so. Under Sec.51 of the Act, not less than 1/3^rd of the members of the committee or 1/5^th of the total number of members of the society, can apply to the Registrar, to hold an inquiry. In such a case, he is bound to hold an inquiry and has no option.

The powers of the Registrar under Sec.51 are conferred on the District Collectors, District Cooperative Officers depending upon the types and classes of the societies. While ordering an inquiry the authorities have to examine the delegation of powers to them by the Government from time to time and order the inquiries.

Under this section, the Registrar himself can hold the enquiry or he can authorise some other person to hold inquiry. Secondly, the inquiry should be completed within such a time of 4 months. The Registrar may, for the reasons to be recorded in writing, extend the period of 4 months for a further period not exceeding 2 months.

Time limit for completion of inquiry: -

The inquiry shall be completed within a period of 4 months from the date of commencement of the inquiry. The Officer who has been appointed an inquiry officer shall commence immediately without wasting any time and its progress should be watched carefully to ensure that it is completed within the time prescribed i.e. ordinarily within 4 months and in extraordinary cases the Registrar may extend the period for a further period not exceeding 2 months.

It does not mean that every inquiry has to be completed within a period of 4 months. If an inquiry is minor one, the Registrar can fix lesser time limits for completion of the inquiry. The inquiry officer should commence his inquiry straight away with right earnest on the receipt of orders and complete it as expeditiously as possible. If there are specific reasons for non-commencement of inquiry, the inquiry Officer should immediately bring to the notice of the Registrar the reasons for the delay, Whereupon, the Registrar will make necessary arrangements. It should be noted here that after the period of six months allowed u/s.51 for completion of the inquiry, the inquiry officer may become “Functus Officio” and the report given by him after the period is over, can be questioned to be an illegal document in a Court of law. In that eventuality, the entire exercise would become futile.

Therefore, all the inquiry officers should invariably submit their reports within the time limits prescribed by the appointing authorities or under the act as the case may be to avoid legal complications in this regard. All the Officers of the Department are hereby informed once again that if the reports are not received within the time limit prescribed, the department would initiate disciplinary action against them treating their inaction as dereliction of duty.

For successful completion of civil and criminal actions on the basis of inquiry report, the following general guidelines are issued for strict compliance: -

i) the inquiry report should be submitted in Part-A and Part-B separately for civil and criminal actions. A format containing Part-A and Part-B are herewith enclosed for ready reference.

ii) further, the inquiry report along with the findings of the Registrar thereon shall be placed before the next general meeting of the society by the Registrar. Similar provision exists in section 52 and 53 of the Act. Even though no specific time frame for the completion of inspection is prescribed under the two sections, as in the case of section 51, the order of appointment of the inspection officer itself, should contain the time within which the inspection should be completed and the inspection report should be submitted.

iii) Section 52 and 53 also provides for placing inspection report before the general body of the Society together with the findings of the registrar thereon. Therefore, it is the duty of the authority competent who ordered inquiry u/s.51 or inspection u/s.52 and 53 to arrange placing of the inquiry/inspection report before the next general body meeting of the Society concerned together with his findings. According to the decided case laws, the competent authority is precluded from taking further actions required under the provisions of the act i.e. both civil and criminal actions until and unless the report together with the findings of the registrar is placed before the next general body meeting of the Society. The subordinate officers are, therefore, requested to arrange for the conduct of general body meeting of the society immediately wherever the reports reveal serious irregularities. In other cases where the results are not so grave, the matter can be placed before the general body meeting as and when it is conducted as pee the provisions of the bye-laws or the act, as the case may be-

iv) since section 51, 52 and 53 of the act empower the Registrar to conduct an inquiry/inspection on which both civil and criminal action can be taken, it is needless to point out that they are quasi-judicial in nature. The inquiry officer should follow strictly the principles of natural justice before forming an opinion and also to follow the rules made there under since he is answerable for his findings before the department and the court as well.

v) instances have come to the notice that the departmental Officers are ordering second inquiry and sometimes successive inquiries in respect of the same matters. Such course of action could attract the theory of double jeopardy. Proper course of action could be entertain the inquiry report/inspection report, before initiating the action, under section 77 of the act, and set-aside on valid grounds, and order a fresh inquiry/inspection, if required.

vi) The inquiry/inspection report should be logical and the final order u/s.60 should be speaking in nature. Any hypothetical observations and personal bias would effect the report and final action thereon.

All the subordinate Officers are requested to acknowledge the receipt of this circular instructions and strictly comply with these instructions. They are also informed that if the inquiry/inspection is not completed within the time limits prescribed they will be severely dealt with.

Instructions have been issued to all senior Officers to examine this item critically during their office inspections and suggest disciplinary action whenever lapses are noticed.

The receipt of this circular Memo. should be acknowledged by next post.

Sd/-D.Sreenivasulu,

Registrar of Coop. Societies.

Encl: Annexure.

Annexure to Cir. Memo. Rc. No. 70656/98/V.I.

Proforma of the report on misappropriation

PART- A

1. Preliminary: State the full circumstances relating to the detection of the fraud. The date when the fraud was first noticed, the Officer who noticed it whether it was done in the course of his routines duties such as audit or inspection or on information furnished by others, if so, by whom and what kind of information, the date on which the inquiry, under Section 51 or Inspection under section 52 was ordered, the date on which the inquiry officer submitted his final report, whether there was any undue delay in the submission of the report by the inquiry officer, when the Public Prosecutor/the Assistant Public Prosecutor was consul- ted and if so the legal opinion obtained, etc., should be furnished under this head.

2. Delinquents: Who are the delinquents? Give their names, designations, their relationship to the Society, the period for which they have been connected with the Society, their present position and whereabouts, if known.

3. Items of fraud: Give all the items of fraud, whether supported by adequate evidence or not. The date, amount and nature of the fraud should be given briefly. The items should, however, be grouped conveniently such as (a) fraud through short crediting: (b) fraud through belated credit (c) falsification of counter-foil receipts, etc., and so on.

4. Legal Offences: State the items of fraud in respect of which prosecution can be launched, the person to be charged and the section of the relevant enactment under which the offences are punishable.

5. Investigation: Furnish the names and other details of the persons examined in the course of the investigation and whether statements were recorded from all of them, if not, state the reasons for omission. Have the delinquents, and all the necessary witnesses including the auditors and other departmental staff, been examined and their written statements obtained? If not, state the circumstances in which it could not be done. State the salient points of the deposition of each party and the extent to which it could be made use of, for the prosecution.

6. Motive for the crime: It should be shown clearly how the moneys of the society have been misused, specifying the particular purpose or objects for which the delinquents have used the moneys. If evidence cannot be gathered on this point, it should atleast be shown, that the delinquent was in need of the amounts misappropriated and could not but have utilised the society's money as he was needy and could not have had recourse to other monies, etc.

7. Evidence: Classify the evidence available into (a) circumstantial, (b) documentary and (c) oral, and discuss briefly the reliability and the weaknesses in the evidence available from the point of view of prosecution and whether the evidence is adequate for a successful prosecution. It should be shown whether any material witnesses are likely to turn hostile during trial. It should be examined whether entrustment can be proved in the case of a charge of breach of trust, whether office-bearers other than the delinquents can be charged with the abetment of conspiracy and if so, to what extent should be stated. Facts like, who was maintaining the cash book and other accounts, who is the office-bearer responsible under the byelaws for the custody of the cash balance Whether the cash book was signed by the Secretary or the accountant, together with the treasurer or the President in respect of the enquiries on which the charges are to be framed etc., should be stated. State whether all the documents have been seized and kept in safe custody.

PART - B

1. Narrate the course of investigation briefly, from the date of discovery of the fraud till the date of report.

2. Explain, in detail, the steps taken to make sure that there are no more items of fraud than those detailed in Part-A.

3. What is the effect of the fraud on the financial condition and further interests of the society. Has the amount involved in the misappropriation been recovered? What action has been taken to ensure the recovery of the amounts lost?

The Deputy Registrars should not wait for the orders of the Registrar to instruct them in every case of misappropriation to institute surcharge proceedings. They should not also wait for the filing of arbitration claims by the society, where section 60 can be invoked straight away. They should take quick action to recover the amount misappropriated and report the action taken to the Registrar even while seeking permission for launching prosecution.

4. State if all the office-bearers and others responsible for the fraud have been removed from the Society, and if not why?

5. Furnish the names and designations of the Departmental staff, including officer, who visited the society during the periods but not detected the fraud. It should be clearly indicated with reference to the purpose of visit by each person and the duration of his stay in the society whether if it could have been possible for him to have detected the fraud and if so, how he was responsible for the non-detection of the fraud. Details of those on whom responsibility cannot be fixed for the non-detection of the fraud and the reasons therefor should also be furnished.

6. State the names of the Supervisors, Inspectors and other Officials of the financing Bank or other central or apex society, who have visited the society during the period and indicate how far they are responsible for the non-detection of the fraud.

Computer Proficiency Test (CPT) - Important References

2026-05-31T15:21:51.468+05:30

1. GO.Ms.No:133, Dt:12-05-2014 | Ministerial Service Rules | Proficiency in Office Automation

2. GO.Ms.No:134, Dt:12-05-2014 | Secretariat Subordinate Service Rules | Proficiency in Office Automation

3. GO.Ms.No:112, Dt:18-08-2017 | Compassionate Appointments - Proficiency Test

4. GO.Ms.No.69, Dt:24-07-2023 | SSS Rules | CPT - Computer Proficiency Test.

5. GO.Ms.No:26, Dt:24-02-2023 | SSS Rules | Computer Proficiency Test (CPT)

6. Memo No.218214, Dt:04-01-2024 | Compassionate Appointments - Proficiency Test

7. GO.Ms.No:28, Dt:12-03-2024 | SSS Rules – Amendment to Rule 14 | Computer Proficiency Test (CPT)

8. Memo.No.11044, Dt:07/10/2024 | State and Subordinate Service Rules - Increments, Promotion, Probation

~~DPC Rules - References (open)~~

~~State and Subordinate Service Rules (open)~~

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GO.Ms.No.28, Dt:12-03-2024 | State and Subordinate Service Rules - Computer Proficiency Test (CPT)

2026-05-31T15:20:55.795+05:30

GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH

ABSTRACT

Public Services - Andhra Pradesh State and Subordinate Service Rules, 1996 - Prescribing Computer Proficiency Test (CPT) for Direct Recruitment - Amendment to Rule 14 - Notification - Orders - Issued.

GENERAL ADMINISTRATION (SER.D) DEPARTMENT

G.O.Ms.No.28 Dated:12.03.02024.

Read the following: -

1) G.O.Ms.No.436, G.A (Services.D) Department, dated: 15.10.1996.

2) G.O.Rt.No.2246, G.A (AR) Department, dated:16.10.2018.

ORDER:-

Due to tremendous transformation in the working environment in Government due to the extensive changes in technologies, e-governance and expectations of the people, Government desired to bring changes in the respective Service Rules especially pre-requisite qualifications for recruitment, promotions, inter cadre transfers and also assessment of Foundation Trainings of Government employees in order to improve the efficiency, effectiveness and professionalism in the Service and to make them ready for the emerging requirements of governance.

2. In the G.O 2^nd read above; the Government have constituted a Committee on Review of Service Rules headed by Spl. Chief Secretary., Revenue (Lands) and the Committee was asked to finalize the mandatory basic e-Literacy Course which will be common to all Government employees and also recommend the consequential amendments in the Service Rules.

3. The Committee has furnished Course Content, Testing of Skills and Examination, Scheme of Incentives and Amendment to Service Rules.

4. Government after careful examination of the matter with due modifications have decided to amend of Rule 14 of A.P. State and Subordinate Service Rules, 199 6 prescribing Computer Proficiency Test (CPT) for all Direct Recruitment.

5. This order issues with the concurrence of Finance Department vide their U.O.No. 2261538/HROPDPP/374/2023/HR.I.

6. This order is available in online and can be accessed at http://apegazette.cgg.gov.in

7. Accordingly, the following notification will be published in the Andhra Pradesh Gazette: -

N O T I F I C A T I O N

In exercise of the powers conferred by the proviso to Article 309 of the Constitution of India and of all other powers hereunto enabling, the Governor of Andhra Pradesh, hereby makes the following amendment to the Andhra Pradesh State and Subordinate Service Rules, 1996, issued in G.O.Ms.No.436, General Administration (Services-D) Department, dated the 15^th October, 1996 as subsequently amended from time to time.

A M E N D M E N T S

After Rule 14 of the said Rules, the following shall be inserted, namely: -

“14 (A). Computer Proficiency Test with required typing speed: No personal shall be eligible for appointment to any Service by Direct Recruitment unless he/she qualifies the Computer Proficiency Test (CPT) as prescribed in Adhoc Rule in G.O.Ms.No.26, General Administration (Services.B) Department, dated: 24.02.2023.”

“Provided that the Computer Proficiency Test (CPT) with required typing speed shall be technical qualification in terms of Ad-hoc Rule issued in G.O.Ms.No.26, General Administration (Services.B) Department, dated:24.02.2023 in place of conventional typewriting in Higher Grade and Lower Grade in Telugu and Typewriting in Higher Grade and Lower Grade in English qualifications”

(BY ORDER AND IN THE NAME OF THE GOVERNOR OF ANDHRA PRADESH)

Dr.K.S. JAWAHAR REDDY,

CHIEF SECRETARY TO GOVE RNMENT

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G.O.Ms.No.45, Dt:19-02-2014 | Fundamental Rules - Local bodies - Pay Protection

2026-05-12T19:31:00.001+05:30

GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH

ABSTRACT
Public Services – Former Employees of local bodies who were appointed through Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission / District Selection Committee in Government Service – Pay Protection – Orders – Issued.

FINANCE (FR.II) DEPARTMENT

G.O.Ms. No.45 Dt.19-02-2014

Read the following:
1. G.O. Ms. No. 105, Finance (FR.II) Department, dt.02-06-2011.
2. Representation of Service Associations and certain ASOs of A.P. Secretariat, Hyderabad, dated.10.10.2013.

*****

O R D E R:
In the reference 1^st read above, orders were issued for protection of pay in respect of former employees of local bodies who are appointed later through A.P.P.S.C. and D.S.C., in Government Service on or after 10-12-2004, and who are continuing in Government service on 02.06.2011(the date of issue of orders) under F.R 22(a) (iv) with monetary benefit from the date of issue of these orders.

2. In the reference 2^nd read above, the service Associations represented that before entering into Government service the employees of local bodies happened to render long service in the post held by them in the local bodies. They were drawing much higher pay than minimum of the pay scale in the present posts for which they are freshly recruited and requested to protect their pay drawn in earlier posts under local bodies.

3. In the circumstances stated above, after careful examination, Government hereby order that the protection of pay ordered in the reference 1^st read above, be extended to the former employees of local bodies who are appointed through A.P.P.S.C. and D.S.C., in Government Service, between 02.06.2011 and 31.12.2013. The monetary benefit shall be effective from the
date of issue of these orders.

(BY ORDER AND IN THE NAME OF THE GOVERNOR OF ANDHRA PRADESH)

Dr. D. SAMBASIVA RAO

PRINCIPAL SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT(FP)

To
The Accountant General, A.P., Hyderabad (20 copies)
The Accountant General, A.P., Hyderabad (by name)
The DTA/PAO/DSA, Hyderabad
All Departments of Secretariat
The Secretary to Governor, A.P., Hyderabad.
All Secretaries to Government.
All the Heads of Departments (including Collectors and District Judges)
The Registrar, High Court of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad (with covering letter)
All the District Treasury officers.
All District Educational Officers.
All District Panchayat Officers.
All Secretaries of Zilla Grandhalaya Samsthas through the Director of Public Libraries, Hyderabad.
All Secretaries of Agricultural Market Committees through Director of
Marketing, A.P., Hyderabad.
All Commissioners/Special Officers of Municipalities.
All Recognized Service Associations.
The Director, Government Central Press, A.P., Hyderabad for publication in the
A.P. Gazette.
Copy to SF/SCs.

GO.Ms.No.105, Dt:02-06-2011 | Fundamental Rules - Local bodies - Pay Protection

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GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH

ABSTRACT

Public Services Employees of local bodies who were appointed through A.P.P.S.C./D.S.C., in Govt. Service - Pay Protection - Orders - Issued.

FINANCE (FR.II) DEPARTMENT

G.O. Ms. No. 105 Dt.02-06-2011

Read the following:

1. Representation of A.P. Secretariat Association, Hyderabad Dt. 8-10-2010 and 15-4-2011.

2. G.O.Ms.No.472, G.A. Dept. dated 23-7-1968

3. G.O.Ms.No.653, G.A. dept. dt. 29-10-1968

4. G.O.Ms.No.168, Panchayat Raj (Estt.III) Dept., dt. 20-3-1981.

5. G.O. Ms. No.213, Finance (FR.II) dept., dt. 13-7-1983

6. G.O. Ms.No.297, Finance Dept. dt. 14-10-1996

*****

ORDER:

In the reference 1^st read above, the A.P. Secretariat Association, Hyderabad has stated that certain employees have appeared for competitive examinations conducted by APPSC and got selection for different posts i.e., ASOs in Secretariat, as Senior Accountants or equal cadres in the Directorates etc., in the Government service. Before entering into Government Service they had rendered long service in post falling under jurisdiction of local bodies. It has been represented that they were drawing much higher pay than the minimum of the time Scale of Pay in the present posts for which they are freshly recruited under Government service. After joining in the present Government posts they have not been allowed service benefits like pay protection, carry forward of leave and counting of past service for pension for the reason that they are not covered under FR 22(a)(iv). It has been represented that this refusal is causing much heart burning and hardship to employees who had worked earlier under local bodies and been recruited to the posts in the Government. It was further stated that all service conditions of the employees of local bodies and employees in Government are similar in nature and the services of the local bodies were provincialised in G.O.Ms.No.168, P.R. (Estt.III) Dept., dt.20-3-1981. As the salaries of the employees of local bodies are being drawn under the Head “010. Salaries” from out of the consolidated fund of the State, the Association requested to allow pay protection for all the employees recruited through APPSC irrespective of the post from which they came.

2. According to the orders issued in G.O. 2^nd read above Govt. employees have been declared ineligible for direct recruitment. The said rule has been amended in G.O. 3^rd read above and Government permitted govt. employees to apply for direct recruitment and further Govt. employees have been permitted to retain all other benefits accrued to them in the previous posts except the lien. In G.O. 5^th read above, orders have been issued for protection of pay stipulating that the pay in the new post should not be less than the pay drawn by the Government servant in their earlier post. In Memo. No. 24555/788/FR.II/84-1, dt. 5-10-1984 a clarification was issued to this G.O. stating that the pay may be fixed at the minimum of the scale of the new post, and if this pay happens to be less than the pay drawn from the previous post, then the shortfall in pay should be protected as personal pay to be absorbed in future increases. The sole ground on which these instructions were issued was that junior shall not draw higher pay than his seniors by virtue of his holding a post before selection by APPSC.

3. Consequently, and in view of the judgement of Supreme Court orders were issued in G.O. 6^th read above providing for pay protection, which was confined to the government servants only. According to the said orders, this benefit shall be confined to the Govt. employees only. The employees working in central Govt. Universities, aided Institutions etc., who are appointed to the Govt. service on selection by the A.P.P.S.C. or Dist. Selection committee are not eligible for the benefit provided under sub-clause (iv).

4. According to Rule 39 (C) of A.P. State and Subordinate service rules, a person in the service of the government, who applies for direct recruitment and accepts the new post will retain all benefits accrued to him in the previous post except the lien which he has held over will come to an end.

5. In the wake of orders mentioned above, the request of the A.P. Secretariat Association has been examined and the Government is of the view that as the word “provincialisation of services” is nowhere defined in the Acts or the Rules and as at present the salaries are being paid through Treasuries from 10-12-2004 under the Head of Account “010. Salaries” the benefit of this protection can be agreed to the employees who are appointed after 10-12-2004.

6. In the circumstances stated above, Government hereby order that the former employees of local bodies who are appointed later through A.P.P.S.C. and D.S.C., in Govt. Service on or after 10-12-2004, and who are continuing in government service as on today be given pay protection under F.R 22(a) (iv) with monetary benefit from the date of issue of these orders.

(BY ORDER AND IN THE NAME OF THE GOVERNOR OF ANDHRA PRADESH)

L.V. SUBRAHMANYAM

PRINCIPAL SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT (FP)

All Departments of Secretariat (10 copies each)

The Accountant General, A.P., Hyderabad (20 copies)

The Accountant General, A.P., Hyderabad (by name)

The Pay and Accounts Officer, Hyderabad

The Secretary to Governor, A.P., Hyderabad.

All Secretaries to Government.

The Private secretary to the chief Minister and Private Secretaries to all Ministers.

A.P. Secretariat Service Association, A.P. Secretariat, Hyderabad.

All the Heads of Departments (including Collectors and District Judges)

The Registrar, High Court of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad (with covering letters)

All the District Treasury officers.

The Secretary, A.P. GENCO/TRANSCO.

The General Manager, A.P. State Road Transport Corporation, Hyderabad

All District Educational Officers.

All District Panchayat Officers. (with covering letter)

All Secretaries of Zilla Grandhalaya Samsthas through the Director of Public Libraries, Hyderabad.

All Secretaries of Agricultural Market Committees through Director of Marketing, A.P., Hyderabad.

All Commissioners/Special Officers of Municipalities.

All Recognized Service Associations.

The Director, Government Central Press, A.P., Hyderabad for publication in the A.P. Gazette.

Copy to the General administration (Cabinet) Department.

Copy to the General administration (SW) Dept.

Copy to SF/SCs.

Memo.No.14497, Dt:15-10-2004 | Fundamental Rules - Fixation of pay under FR 22(a)(iv) | Date of next Increment - Clarification

2026-05-12T18:19:00.004+05:30

GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH

FINANCE (FR.II) DEPARTMENT

Memo.No.14497/188/A1/FR.II/2000 Dated: 15.10.2004

Sub: Fundamental Rules - Fixation of pay under FR 22(a)(iv) - Date of next Increment - Clarification - Issued.

*****

The pay under FR 22(a)(iv) to a regular Government Servant when appointed directly to another post, under the Government on selection by APPSC shall be fixed in the new post at a stage which is not lower than the pay drawn by him in the earlier post.

It is noticed that some of the Departments i.e. Home Dept. and Education Depts have done the pay fixation under FR-22(a)(iv) to certain Assistant Section Officers and also allowed the next increment with effect from the date of increment in their previous post.

Government have examined the matter and hereby clarify that protection of pay only is allowed in respect of fixation under the above rule, but there is no rule for protection of increment date in the previous post.

All the Departments and Heads of Depts. are requested to follow the above rule scrupulously.

T. RADHA

Secretary to Govt. (FP)

Note: Pay protection మాత్రమే గాని lower cadre నందలి Annual increment నకు protection ఉండదని ఉత్తర్వులు